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The spider population of the NT tend to be a bunch of happy-go-lucky family types that choose a life of simplicity, serenity and sunsets, which brings us to our next point. Myth 3: The sunset looks the same from every point of Australia
Fact: In 2015, Darwin was named in the “Top 3 Places to watch the Australian Sun Set”. On Thursday evenings, crowds bustle from the night markets to Mindil Beach to wind down as the sun sinks below the horizon in Darwin. Free activities don’t come much better than a champagne pink sky, a warm afternoon sea breeze and the sound of the lazy Darwin ocean crashing on the shoreline. Myth 4: The NT temperatures are scorching hot all year round
Fact: You wouldn’t exactly say the NT has a “winter”, but it isn’t always warm. A June morning in Darwin made news headlines in 2019, registering Darwin’s lowest temperature in five years – 12 degrees. Okay so the NT is still a pretty warm place. Myth 5: Kangaroo boxing matches, crocodile wrestling tournaments and emu riding events are held in the NT (okay, this is not a complete myth)
Fact: In truth, kangaroos are such mischievous creatures that we haven’t quite been able to coordinate a kangaroo boxing event. As for croc wrestling, we have seen nothing of the sort since the golden days of Steve Irwin, but as for emu wars…
The last event of this kind was declared the Great Emu War, which occurred in 1932 to address public concern over the number of emus said to be running amok in the Campion district of Western Australia, and there hasn’t been once since. Oh, Australia. Myth 6: Uluru is nothing more than a giant rock
Fact: It’s easy to wonder; what could be so fascinating about a giant stone monolith that has more than 270,000 travellers gawking in its existence year-round? Is it simply that this rock holds its place, naturally smack bang in the middle of the country? Perhaps it’s that Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, is estimated to be over 600 million years old. Or, perhaps it’s that mesmerizing colour change which earnt Uluru its place in the world’s Top 10 Sunsets. All we know is that travellers leave Uluru completely astonished by its presence and that it surely deserves a place on your bucket list. | <urn:uuid:67daf957-0666-41e6-b907-6a9528a664da> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.adventuretours.com.au/australia-outback-yarns/6-outrageous-myths-and-legends-about-australias-northern-territory/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.940411 | 1,088 | 2.71875 | 3 |
What Is Auditory Rehabilitation? Auditory rehabilitation is the process of helping someone effectively adjust to and manage his or her hearing loss. Methods of rehabilitation are focused on helping overcome the challenges caused by hearing loss, therefore improving the quality of day-to-day life. Adult rehabilitation strategies differ significantly from those used for children. Adult rehabilitation may be offered in individual or group settings and generally encompasses these main points:
- Adjusting to and learning about your specific type of hearing loss
- Improving communication skills
- How to use, care for, and make the most of your hearing aids
- Exploring accessories for your hearing aids | <urn:uuid:45b6a4e3-d7a0-41fb-8c9b-dc7eee668341> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.albrechtaudiology.com/services/auditory-rehabilitation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.943519 | 130 | 3.171875 | 3 |
The basic terms used in defining probability are:
2.1.1 Trial and event:
If we take an experiment in which the experiment is repeated under essentially same conditions, the outcome won’t be unique but may result in any of the possible outcomes. The experiment is known as a trial and the outcomes are known as events or cases. 2.1.2 Exhaustive events:
The all possible outcomes of any experiment are known as the exhaustive events. 2.1.3 Favourable events or cases:
The number of events favourable to an event in an experiment is the number of outcomes which entail the happening of the event. 2.1.4 Mutually exclusive events:
The happening of any one of them precludes the happening of all the other events that is if no two or more of them can happen simultaneously in the same trial. 2.1.5 Equally likely events:
Outcomes of an experiment is said to be equally likely if taking into consideration of all the relevant evidences there is no reason to expect one in preference to the others. 2.1.6 Independent events:
Several events are said to be independent if the happening of an event is not affected by the supplementary knowledge concerning the occurrence of any number of the remaining events. To Schedule a Theory Of Probability tutoring session
To submit Theory Of Probability assignment click here. Assignment Writing Help
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Write My Essay Services | <urn:uuid:c41e18e0-877d-477b-8a61-930152d78c2e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.assignmenthelp.net/assignment_help/theory-of-probability | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.9338 | 310 | 4.4375 | 4 |
Women have been oppressed for as long as history. This oppression is a very similar tragedy to the oppression that occurs daily towards all kinds of minority groups, but women are not a minority group. There are actually more women on Earth than there are men. Women are not defined by skin color, by spoken language, or by class. Since women are not a minority group, their unequal treatment has gone unnoticed by many. The birth of feminism is to establish the women equal rights as men in society. Statement of the Problem
Feminism is an important issue in the present time, especially to the women. Here, our intention is to describe all the issue related feminism; what is it, how it is emerged, related theory etc. Objective of the report
The objective of our report is
To clarify what is feminism
To describe how feminism has emerged
To describe different types of feminism
To describe related theory about feminism
To describe what is the condition of feminism in Bangladesh
To describe what is the thinking of our varsity girl about feminism
2.1 Information Need
Since our topic is on feminism, we needed both primary data and secondary data. 2.2 Source of Data
For our report, we collect and use the data from one source:
2.2.1 Primary data
2.2.2 Secondary Data
2.2.1 Primary data:
We have collected primary data through the survey. For this we have used questionnaire and collected the ideas for the people about our report topic. Number of people: We have surveyed 21 girls for our report. Where I Survey: We have chosen all girls from our University. Number of Question: In our questionnaire we have selected 8th questions. 2.2.2 Secondary Data:
We have collected secondary data form web sites. 2.3 Conceptual Framework
We have not used any kind of complicated word in our report. Anybody can simply understand the whole things, just only need careful reading. Moreover, we have not tried to oversimplify to keep a standard and we have maintained judicial attitudes. What is feminism? Feminism is a belief in the right of women to have political, social, and economic equality with men. Feminism is a diverse collection of social theories, political movements, and moral philosophies. Some versions are critical of past and present social relations. Many focus on analyzing what they believe to be social constructions of gender and sexuality. | <urn:uuid:97e366c7-5a60-4e4a-9695-81a422051576> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/report-on-feminism-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.959523 | 17,425 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Many focus on studying gender inequality and promoting women’s rights, interests, and issues. Feminist theory aims to understand the nature of gender inequality and focuses on gender politics, power relations and sexuality. Feminism is also based on experiences of gender roles and relations. Feminist political activism commonly campaign on issues such as reproductive rights, violence within a domestic partnership, maternity leave, equal pay, sexual harassment, discrimination, and sexual violence. Themes explored in feminism include patriarchy, stereotyping, objectification, sexual objectification, and oppression. Feminist principles guide the work that we do within equality-seeking organizations, as well as the way that we do it. Taking the time to examine or revisit our feminist principles can assist in deepening our understanding of feminist practices and processes, and reconnecting with our feminist basis of unity. On the following pages you will find a discussion of thirteen feminist principles, practices and processes that have been identified and informed by a diversity of women’s backgrounds and experiences in feminist organizing that can help us build active, healthy, participatory equality seeking organization. You will find a scenario exercise for each of the feminist principles, as well as a set of workshop questions. These may be used separately during shorter meetings, or together during a longer workshop. (A sample workshop on feminist principles, practices and processes is included in section three.) These are the feminist principles of:
3. Challenge and Conflict
7. Education and Mentoring
8. Equality and Inclusion
10. Joy and Celebration
12. Power Sharing
This may be the first time you have considered these principles. You may also be very familiar with them, or have others of your own. Whether we are emerging organizations or new members of an established group, reflecting on our principles, practices and processes can assist in connecting the meaning of feminism to our equality-seeking mandate. The following discussion of each principle begins with a working definition and a feminist quote, and concludes with a scenario exercise and a set of workshop questions. These may be helpful in sparking discussions, facilitating workshops, and talking with other women and groups about the meaning of feminism to equality-seeking work. The feminist principle of accountability means we hold ourselves responsible to the women we work for and with in our pursuit of equality and inclusion. We are accountable through our practice of feminist principles and our commitment to feminism as our basis of unity. | <urn:uuid:97e366c7-5a60-4e4a-9695-81a422051576> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/report-on-feminism-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.959523 | 17,425 | 3.421875 | 3 |
The feminist principle of advocacy means supporting or recommending a position or course of action that has been informed by women’s experiences in our efforts to bring about equality and inclusion. Advocacy may take place through a variety of actions and strategies, ranging from demonstrations and protests to meetings and dialogue. 1.3 Challenge and Conflict
The feminist principle of challenge and conflict means that we accept conflict as inevitable while embracing challenge as the practice of calling into account, questioning, provoking thought, and reflecting. When we are committed to respectful ways of challenging and healthy conflict resolution processes, we deepen our individual and collective understanding. The principle of choice means that we respect, support and advocate for women’s individual and collective right to make our own decisions about our bodies, our families, our jobs and our lives. The right to choose is integral to the feminist pursuit of social, legal, political, economic and cultural equality for women. The feminist principle of consultation means working collaboratively, seeking guidance and sharing information to develop strategies and actions to advance women’s equality. The feminist principle of diversity means that we respect, accept and celebrate our individual and collective differences as women, including those based on age, race, culture, ability, sexuality, geography, religion, politics, class, education and image, among others. 1.7 Education and Mentoring
The feminist principle of education and mentoring means creating opportunities to guide, counsel, coach, tutor and teach each other. Constantly sharing our skills, knowledge, history and understanding makes our organizations healthier and more effective in our pursuit of equality and inclusion. 1.8 Equality and Inclusion
The feminist principle of equality and inclusion means, as feminist organizations, we apply a feminist analysis to policies, programs, practices, services and legislation to ensure they are inclusive of women and other marginalized groups. We advocate for equity practices to eliminate the barriers to inclusion, recognizing that inclusion leads to equality. The feminist principle of evaluation means taking the time to reflect upon whether we are achieving what we set out to do as well as how we are going about it. Evaluation presents an opportunity to examine the work that we do and the feminist principles, practices and processes that guide and inform this work. | <urn:uuid:97e366c7-5a60-4e4a-9695-81a422051576> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/report-on-feminism-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.959523 | 17,425 | 3.421875 | 3 |
1.10 Joy and Celebration
The feminist principle of joy and celebration means that we honor each other and our work through sharing joy and celebrating our commitment to woman-centered, feminist principles, practices and processes. The feminist principle of leadership means embracing and sharing the skills and knowledge of individual women, and providing opportunities for all women to develop their leadership potential. As feminist organizations, we invest power and trust in our leaders with the expectation they will draw upon feminist practices and processes in our efforts toward equality and inclusion. 1.12 Power Sharing
The feminist principle of power sharing means we are committed to creating balanced power relationships through democratic practices of shared leadership, decision-making, authority, and responsibility. The feminist principle of safety means we are committed, as women and organizations, to creating environments where all women feel comfortable and safe to participate in our work toward equality. We build safety through healthy practices of inclusion, respect, self-care and confidentiality. Feminists and scholars have divided the movement’s history into three “waves”. The first wave refers mainly to women’s suffrage movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (mainly concerned with women’s right to vote). The second wave refers to the ideas and actions associated with the women’s liberation movement beginning in the 1960s (which campaigned for legal and social equality for women). The third wave refers to a continuation of, and a reaction to, the perceived failures of, second-wave feminism, beginning in the 1990s. 2.1 First wave
First-wave feminism refers to a period of feminist activity during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century in the United Kingdom and the United States. Originally it focused on the promotion of equal contract and property rights for women and the opposition to chattel marriage and ownership of married women (and their children) by their husbands. However, by the end of the nineteenth century, activism focused primarily on gaining political power, particularly the right of women’s suffrage. Yet, feminists such as Voltairine de Cleyre and Margaret Sanger were still active in campaigning for women’s sexual, reproductive, and economic rights at this time. In Britain the Suffragettes campaigned for the women’s vote. In 1918 the Representation of the People Act 1918 was passed granting the vote to women over the age of 30 who owned houses. In 1928 this was extended to all women over twenty-one. | <urn:uuid:97e366c7-5a60-4e4a-9695-81a422051576> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/report-on-feminism-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.959523 | 17,425 | 3.421875 | 3 |
In the United States leaders of this movement included Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, who each campaigned for the abolition of slavery prior to championing women’s right to vote. Other important leaders include Lucy Stone, Olympia Brown, and Helen Pitts. American first-wave feminism involved a wide range of women, some belonging to conservative Christian groups (such as Frances Willard and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union), others resembling the diversity and radicalism of much of second-wave feminism (such as Matilda Joslyn Gage and the National Woman Suffrage Association). In the United States first-wave feminism is considered to have ended with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1919), granting women the right to vote in all states.The term first wave, was coined retrospectively after the term second-wave feminism began to be used to describe a newer feminist movement that focused as much on fighting social and cultural inequalities as political inequalities. The first wave of feminists, in contrast to the second wave, was hostile to abortion. 2.2 Second wave
Second-wave feminism refers to a period of feminist activity beginning in the early 1960s and lasting through the late 1980s. The scholar Imelda Whelehan suggests that the second wave was a continuation of the earlier phase of feminism involving the suffragettes in the UK and USA. Second-wave feminism has continued to exist since that time and coexists with what is termed third-wave feminism. The scholar Estelle Freedman compares first and second-wave feminism saying that the first wave focused on rights such as suffrage, whereas the second wave was largely concerned with other issues of equality, such as ending discrimination. The feminist activist and author Carol Hanisch coined the slogan “The Personal is Political” which became synonymous with the second wave. Second-wave feminists saw women’s cultural and political inequalities as inextricably linked and encouraged women to understand aspects of their personal lives as deeply politicized and as reflecting sexist power structures. 2.2.1 Women’s Liberation in the USA
The phrase “Women’s Liberation” was first used in the United States in 1964 and first appeared in print in 1966. By 1968, although the term Women’s Liberation Front appeared in the magazine Ramparts, it was starting to refer to the whole women’s movement. Bra-burning also became associated with the movement, though the actual prevalence of bra-burning is debatable. | <urn:uuid:97e366c7-5a60-4e4a-9695-81a422051576> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/report-on-feminism-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.959523 | 17,425 | 3.421875 | 3 |
What is the African hare? The hare’s body, which is covered in coarse, thick fur, measures about 50 centimeters (20 inches), with a short tail, strong hind feet that measure about 17 centimeters (4 inches), and mobile ears that are as long if not sometimes longer than their bodies. Helping it to cut and nip at vegetation, are two pairs of chisel-shaped incisors. 1 to 3 kilograms (3 to 7 pounds)
40 to 58 centimeters long (16 to 23 inches)
A high of 12.5 years recorded
Scrubby grasslands within wooded savannas
25 to 50 days
Humans, carnivorous birds, snakes
Humans prey on the African hare. The hare has been hunted for centuries, not only for its meat and fur but also just for sport. It is rapidly losing living space. Human settlement, ranching, and fencing of land results in loss of the African hare’s habitat. Our solutions to protecting the African hare:
In Zambia, AWF rebuilt Lupani School in exchange for the Sekute community’s participation in wildlife conservation. By working with rural communities, living in close proximity to wildlife, to incentivize conservation and weave it into primary school education, we are providing tangible benefits to wildlife conservation. African Wildlife Foundation engages communities living near wildlife to create sustainable practices for agricultural and settlement growth by providing training on best practices and incentivizing conservation agriculture when appropriate. This helps increase agricultural and economic productivity and allows communities to rely less on hunting their local wildlife and exhausting populations. African hares prefer the nighttime. They spend most of the day lying in a “form”—a depression in the ground or under bushes. Hares do not dig burrows as rabbits do. Instead, they tend to use dens or burrow already made by warthogs or aardvark. Females do not spend much time with their young. The female African hare gives birth to one or two young at a time, which are born fully haired and with open eyes. The mother only spends a short amount of time each day suckling the young; the rest of the time they hide in forms trying to avoid the attention of predators. Female hares can reabsorb an embryo if there is a problem with the pregnancy or when food is scarce. Hares run away when threatened. To protect themselves, African hares rely on camouflage, speed, and their extremely sensitive senses of hearing and smell. | <urn:uuid:2a9ee168-e11f-44fe-a427-69b133a35739> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.awf.org/wildlife-conservation/african-hare | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.933581 | 745 | 4.0625 | 4 |
If an enemy is near, then the hare will freeze and crouch low to the ground. If danger continues to approach, then the hare may pop into the air and dash away in a zigzag pattern. They will give a shrill scream if in peril but are otherwise mostly silent. Sometimes, the African hare eats their droppings. Hares eat leaves, buds, roots, berries, fungi, bark, and twigs. They eat their food twice. Like rabbits, hares produce two types of droppings. At night after they eat, their droppings consist of undigested plant matter, which they will re-ingest for maximum nutrient gain. During the day, their droppings contain no nutrients and are hard, dry, and pellet-like and are not re-ingested. Where do African hares live? African hares are found throughout Africa in grasslands and wooded savannas. This habitat is found in the savannas of northwest and the sub-Saharan regions of Africa. | <urn:uuid:2a9ee168-e11f-44fe-a427-69b133a35739> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.awf.org/wildlife-conservation/african-hare | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.933581 | 745 | 4.0625 | 4 |
About Dr. Edward Bach
Edward Bach (September 24, 1886 - November 27, 1936) was born in a village called Moseley, near Birmingham, England. Early medical career
Edward Bach studied medicine first in Birmingham and later at the University College Hospital, London, where he was House Surgeon. He also worked in private practice, having a set of consulting rooms in Harley Street. As a bacteriologist and pathologist he undertook original research into vaccines in his own research laboratory. In 1917 Dr Bach was working on the wards tending to soldiers returned injured from France. One day he collapsed and was rushed into an operating theatre suffering from a severe haemmorhage. His colleagues operated to remove a tumour, but the prognosis was poor. When he came round they told Bach that he had only three months left to live. As soon as he could get out of bed, Bach returned to his laboratory. He intended to advance his work as far as he could in the short time that remained. But as the weeks went by he began to get stronger. The three months came and went and found him in better health than ever. He was convinced that his sense of purpose was what saved him: he still had work to do. His research into vaccines was going well, but despite this Dr Bach felt dissatisfied with the way doctors were expected to concentrate on diseases and ignore the whole person. He aspired to a more holistic approach to medicine. Perhaps this explains why, not being a homoeopath, he took the offer of a post at the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital. Once there he soon noticed the parallels between his work on vaccines and the principles of homoeopathy. He adapted his vaccines to produce a series of seven homoeopathic nosodes. This work and its subsequent publication brought him some fame in homoeopathic circles. People began to refer to him as 'the second Hahnemann'. The flower remedies
Up to now Bach had been working with bacteria, but he wanted to find remedies that would be purer and less reliant on the products of disease. He began collecting plants and in particular flowers - the most highly-developed part of a plant - in the hope of replacing the nosodes with a series of gentler remedies. | <urn:uuid:a2b93ec1-00b0-43d4-aa4c-2fcb2dd4f3c3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bachflowersindia.com/dr-edward-bach.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.991391 | 1,070 | 3.03125 | 3 |
By 1930 he was so enthused by the direction his work was taking that he gave up his lucrative Harley Street practice and left London, determined to devote the rest of his life to the new system of medicine that he was sure could be found in nature. He took with him as his assistant a radiographer called Nora Weeks. Just as he had abandoned his home, office and work, Dr Bach began to abandon the scientific method and its reliance on laboratories and reductionism. He fell back instead on his natural gifts as a healer, and more and more allowed his intuition to guide him to the right plants. Over years of trial and error, which involved preparing and testing thousands of plants, he found one by one the remedies he wanted. Each was aimed at a particular mental state or emotion. He found that when he treated the personalities and feelings of his patients their unhappiness and physical distress would be alleviated naturally as the healing potential in their bodies was unblocked and allowed to work once more. His life followed a seasonal pattern from 1930 to 1934: the spring and summer spent looking for and preparing the remedies; the winter giving help and advice to all who came looking for them. Most winters were spent in the coastal town of Cromer. Here he met and became friends with a local builder and healer, Victor Bullen. The Bach Centre
In 1934 Dr Bach and Nora Weeks moved to a house called Mount Vernon in the Oxfordshire village of Brighwell-cum-Sotwell. In the lanes and fields he found the remaining remedies that he needed to complete the series. By now his body and mind were so in tune with his work that he would suffer the emotional state that he needed to cure and try plants and flowers until he found the one that would help him. In this way, through great personal suffering and sacrifice, he completed his life's work. A year after announcing that his search for remedies was complete, Dr Bach passed away peacefully on the evening of November 27th, 1936. He was only 50 years old, but he had outlived his doctors' prognosis by nearly 20 years. He left behind him several lifetime's experience and effort, and a system of medicine that is used all over the world. | <urn:uuid:a2b93ec1-00b0-43d4-aa4c-2fcb2dd4f3c3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bachflowersindia.com/dr-edward-bach.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.991391 | 1,070 | 3.03125 | 3 |
He left his work in the hands of his friends and colleagues Nora Weeks and Victor Bullen, with instructions that they should carry on his work and stay true to the essential simplicity of what he had done. In a letter to Victor dated 26th October 1936, a month before his death, he wrote:
"People like ourselves who have tasted the glory of self-sacrifice, the glory of helping our brothers, once we have been given a jewel of such magnitude, nothing can deviate us from our path of love and duty to displaying its lustre, pure and unadorned to the people of the world." Nora and Victor stayed true to those ideals of simplicity and sharing, as does the Bach Centre today. Buy Books By | <urn:uuid:a2b93ec1-00b0-43d4-aa4c-2fcb2dd4f3c3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bachflowersindia.com/dr-edward-bach.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.991391 | 1,070 | 3.03125 | 3 |
A selection of essays, articles, and resource materials which further explore the life of Bahá’u’lláh and His mission. Composed in Baghdad in 1274 AH (1857-8 CE), Bahá’u’lláh describes the Hidden Words as a distillation of the spiritual guidance contained in the successive Revelations of God. Shoghi Effendi called it Bahá’u’lláh’s pre-eminent ethical work. The Kitáb-i-Aqdas (the “Most Holy Book”) was revealed by Bahá’u’lláh in response to repeated requests from His followers for laws to follow. In it, Bahá’u’lláh sets out laws in relation to such areas of life as prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage
The Kitáb-i-Íqán (the “Book of Certitude”) was revealed by Bahá’u’lláh in Baghdad in 1861/62. Within its pages are found explorations of such subjects as the nature of the human being, the purpose of life, the relationship of humanity to God, and the importance of Revelation. This selection of extracts from the Writings of Bahá’u’lláh was translated and compiled by Shoghi Effendi and first published in 1935. The Epistle to the Son of the Wolf was revealed by Bahá’u’lláh around 1891. It takes the form of an extended letter addressed to a cleric who, along with his father—denounced as “the wolf”—had violently persecuted a number of Bahá’ís. In this collection of Writings from 1868 to 1870 Bahá’u’lláh sets forth the nature of His mission to the monarchs and political leaders of His time, and describes the standard of justice required by a maturing human civilization. Tablets of Bahá’u’lláh was published in 1978. It contains sixteen Tablets, including the Tablet of Carmel—described by Shoghi Effendi as the Charter establishing the World Spiritual and Administrative Centres of the Bahá’í Faith on Mount Carmel—and the Tablet of Wisdom, in which Bahá’u’lláh explores the subject of human knowledge. This collection of Bahá’u’lláh’s Writings, selected and translated by Shoghi Effendi, includes prayers, tablets and intensely personal meditations on Bahá’u’lláh’s imprisonment and the sufferings of His followers. In this mystical work, Bahá’u’lláh describes the stages of the soul’s journey to union with its Creator in terms of seven valleys—of search, love, knowledge, unity, contentment, wonderment, and ‘true poverty and absolute nothingness’. This early work, revealed during Bahá’u’lláh’s sojourn in Baghdad, deals with a number of subjects including the continuity of Divine Revelation. First published in English in 2006, this volume contains writings of Bahá’u’lláh that address questions raised by Manikchi Sahib, a prominent Zoroastrian. In His answers, Bahá’u’lláh elucidates some of His fundamental teachings. | <urn:uuid:d113eb6c-e04d-471a-bcd1-7245c40f0f8d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bahai.org/bahaullah/articles-resources/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.937341 | 953 | 3.421875 | 3 |
This article was originally published as part of a collection of talks given by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá titled Some Answered Questions. In it, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá says of His Father: “We must be just and acknowledge what an Educator this Glorious Being was, what marvellous signs were manifested by Him, and what power and might have been realized in the world through Him.”
This extract from a letter of Shoghi Effendi, addressed to the Bahá’ís of the West and known as The Dispensation of Bahá’u’lláh, describes in detail the station of Bahá’u’lláh and the significance of His message for humanity. This special tribute was first read at the commemorative events marking the 100th anniversary of the passing of Bahá’u’lláh, held at His Shrine in May 1992. This brief introduction to Bahá’u’lláh’s life and work was prepared at the request of the Universal House of Justice on the occasion of the centenary of His passing in 1992. | <urn:uuid:d113eb6c-e04d-471a-bcd1-7245c40f0f8d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bahai.org/bahaullah/articles-resources/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.937341 | 953 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Scientists think there's more water on the Moon than they originally thought. New research shows that hundreds of tiny, penny-sized pockets of ice could be hiding in the shadows there. Paul Hayne is an assistant professor at the University of Colaroda Boulder, and helped to analyse the research. He said: "If you can imagine standing on the surface of the moon near one of its poles, you would see shadows all over the place. Many of those tiny shadows could be full of ice." The findings have been taken from Nasa's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Roughly 15,000 square miles of shadows exist on the Moon, and these shadows are likely to contain ice and come in different shapes and sizes. These shadows and pockets are known as 'cold traps'. 'Cold traps' are shadowy places on the moon that will never - and have never - seen sunlight. Most 'cold traps' haven't seen sunlight for billions of years. Scientists think that there are a lot more of them, hiding on the moon. Research suggests that the hidden cold traps could be reservoirs that can hold water via ice. Prof Hayne added: "If we're right, water is going to be more accessible for drinking water, for rocket fuel, everything that Nasa needs water for." Water has been found on the Moon before, but it wasn't safe to drink. However the ice found recently is thought to be safer as it is probably stored in glass or between grains on the moon that protect it from the harsh environment. The researchers think that 40,000 square km of the Moon's surface could trap water. However they can't yet prove that the hidden pockets/shadows hold any water - they think that rovers and astronauts need to go and dig to find out! Prof Hayne said: "Astronauts may not need to go into these deep, dark shadows. They could walk around and find one that's a metre wide and that might be just as likely to harbour ice." | <urn:uuid:a17aee1c-013f-47b7-8905-921900e89545> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/54658717 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.973035 | 415 | 3.921875 | 4 |
As the U.S. plods along the road to recovery, many predict that economic expansion will come from growth industries such as the STEM fields: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Yet, that avenue isn’t paved well for everyone. African American women earned only 0.34% of Ph.D.s in computer science and 0.58% in engineering, as of 2006, according to the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology. There are many reasons for this underrepresentation, including social and economic factors as well as gender bias. However, strides have been made and a select few have persevered: researching, innovating, mentoring, and paving the way for other African American women (and men) to follow in their footsteps. In an effort to shake up our imaginations and break through more roadblocks, we present five top black women in STEM careers who don’t just work in some of the world’s most innovative fields–they excel in them. 5 Top Black Women In STEM
The Aerospace Engineer
Aprille J. Ericsson, Ph.D.
Deputy Instrument Manager
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
As the deputy instrument manager for the ATLAS Instrument team at NASA, Aprille J. Ericsson leads development of an instrument to house satellite-based lasers used to measure the topography of ice sheets from space in order to measure global climate changes. Ericsson, who holds a master’s of engineering and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering in aerospace from Howard University and who earned a bachelor’s of science in aeronautical/astronautical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was previously one of the lead engineers on the concept study report for GEMS, or the Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer. The unmanned observatory, which is scheduled to launch no later than April 2014, will be the first to measure polarized X-rays to study supermassive black holes and magnetars. Ericsson’s work was influential in winning $105 million of funding for the project in 2009. Ericsson was also the project engineer for LOLA, a lunar orbiter laser altimeter, which created an unprecedented topographic map of the moon’s landscape in late 2009. “High school students need to be encouraged to do summer programs. If they have an interest in engineering or science they need to apply at field centers at NASA and NOAA so they get a feel for what they want to do,” says Ericsson, who did the same at a young age. | <urn:uuid:095f1061-2bee-49b3-9c44-59e473931a62> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.blackenterprise.com/women-in-stem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.953932 | 1,968 | 3.15625 | 3 |
“It’s really important to have [hands-on lab] exposure as early as freshman and sophomore year. They perform better with their course work because they learn in an applied atmosphere.”
Ashanti Johnson, Ph. D.
University of South Florida,
College of Marine Science
Studying soil and sedimentation of rivers, estuaries, and beaches, Ashanti Johnson’s work as an aquatic radiogeochemist was instrumental in decoding the environmental effects of potentially hazardous incidents throughout Puerto Rico. Johnson can be found scouring the beaches of Rincon, where a nuclear power plant operated until the 1970s, or collecting soil samples in Vieques, where depleted uranium residue remained for years following an artillery firing range run by the U.S. Navy. “These problems have been investigated very little,” says Johnson. “It takes a lot of dedication and is really labor intensive. You get muddy, you get wet, and at the end of the day, you’re happy to have processed your samples.”
Johnson earned a bachelor’s degree in marine science and a Ph.D. in chemical oceanography from Texas A&M University. Her Ph.D. work helped assess whether nuclear waste released in the Arctic by the former Soviet Union migrated toward the Alaskan coastline. She also spent a short time working at Exxon as a geochemist before venturing back into teaching at Georgia Tech and Savannah State University. Acclaimed for her mentorship, Johnson was awarded the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring by President Barack Obama in recognition of her work bridging professional development activities for underrepresented minorities. As the executive director of the Institute of Broadening Participation, Johnson has helped 159 students achieve a Ph.D. in earth system sciences. Tanya Moore, Ph. D.
Youth Services Coordinator, 2020 Vision Projects
City of Berkley California’s Unified School District
Tanya Moore demonstrates that mathematicians can help divert social catastrophes. As the leader of the city-wide 2020 Vision Projects, launched in June 2010, Moore’s job is to help close the achievement gap between white, black, and Latino students in Berkeley, California, by 2020. She has a central role in designing the surveys, methodologies, and statistical indicators to be used for tracking student progress. After analyzing the data, she will help design and evaluate youth interventions and services across community agencies and city departments. Moore’s concern with increasing educational achievement for minorities doesn’t end in Berkeley, where she received her Ph.D. in biostatistics. | <urn:uuid:095f1061-2bee-49b3-9c44-59e473931a62> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.blackenterprise.com/women-in-stem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.953932 | 1,968 | 3.15625 | 3 |
She also spearheads Infinite Possibilities, a national conference for women of color in all stages of mathematics–from high school students to post-docs and women in private industry. “I started it initially as a reunion because of the experiences I had at Spelman [College]. Now it has grown. It has created this wonderful community over the last few years.”
Participants regularly write Moore about how Infinite Possibilities helped them feel less isolated in grad school. She understands their frustration firsthand. While working on a master’s degree at Johns Hopkins she received her share of intolerant comments. “People told me I would only pass qualifying exams because I was an African American woman and the school wanted to make their quota. I’d walk into a room and people would tell me I was in the wrong classroom. Sometimes a professor would say ‘Wow, you did better than we expected.”
The Computer Animator
Senior Character & Special Effects Artist
EA (Electronic Arts)
ACG artist and computer animator Lisette Titre has contributed to some of EA’s highest profile games, including Tiger Woods Golf for Nintendo’s Wii, The Simpsons, and Dante’s Inferno. As a character modeler, Titre takes data from scanned images of characters or real-life individuals and reworks the information to build a 3-D digital sculpture. After the character’s digital skeleton is built, she takes the skeletons and applies computer modeling controls so the fingers will curl, the legs will bend, and the character moves with fluidity. Titre, who is often the only animator working in-house on her projects, also manages a team of outsourced artists in China, Australia, and Canada. Each team can consist of five to 20 people who work on game titles for as little as one year to as long as four years. After graduating magna cum laude from Miami International University of Art and Design with a degree in computer animation, Titre finds herself virtually alone in her field–something she hopes to change as a member of Blacks in Gaming, a nonprofit dedicated to creating networking and collaboration opportunities for blacks in the gaming industry. “I’ve never worked with an African American woman in an artist’s capacity,” she says. “We need more diverse ideas. We keep seeing the same thing over and over again.Blacks in Gaming is starting a mentoring program and plans to reach out to middle schools in Oakland, California, and other underserved areas. | <urn:uuid:095f1061-2bee-49b3-9c44-59e473931a62> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.blackenterprise.com/women-in-stem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.953932 | 1,968 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The Biomedical Engineer
Treena Livingston Arinzeh, Ph. D.
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Armed with a master’s in biomedical engineering from Johns Hopkins University and a Ph.D. in bioengineering from the University of Pennsylvania, Treena Livingston Arinzeh was the first to demonstrate, in 2003, that scientists can implant donor stem cells derived from the bone marrow of adults to form functional, viable bone tissue that is not rejected by the body. Replacing bone tissue using donor stem cells has far-reaching applications. For one, patients may not need to undergo immunosuppression therapy, which can cause infection, osteoporosis, and damage to the kidney, liver, or pancreas. In addition, her research has led to clinical methods to induce bone repair of diabetics and others who have bone injuries. As a result of her findings, in 2004 President George W. Bush presented her with the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, the nation’s highest scientific honor. Her research is now mimicked in bone marrow transplant procedures across the country. Arinzeh, now an associate professor of biomedical engineering at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, says that women make up 50% of undergraduates in biomedical engineering but that there aren’t enough African Americans pursuing careers in her area. She says students must be engaged by mentors, and parents need to get them involved in extracurricular activities. “I think they don’t see enough of us that look like them so they can identify with that career as something they can actually do,†says Arinzeh, who invites 40 to 50 underrepresented high school students to her lab each summer, through the Project Seeds program, sponsored by the American Chemical Society. | <urn:uuid:095f1061-2bee-49b3-9c44-59e473931a62> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.blackenterprise.com/women-in-stem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.953932 | 1,968 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The U.N. and its system of “specialized agencies” is famous for barring down indiscriminately on the world’s only Jewish state—Israel—and serving as a kangaroo court to heap abuse on the only country in the Middle East that boasts democratic elections, peaceful transfer of power and an independent judiciary that ensures equality for all citizens. According to figures compiled by Fiamma Nirenstein, a journalist and former Italian parliamentarian, the U.N. Human Rights Council has adopted 135 resolutions from 2006 to 2015, of which 68 have been against Israel; the General Assembly has approved 97 from 2012 to 2015, of which 83 have been against Israel; and UNESCO adopts ten country-specific resolutions every year, and all of them against Israel. This travesty continues despite the U.N.’s abysmal failure, since its establishment in 1945, to achieve its chief goal to “maintain international peace and security.” The number of deaths attributed to the 100-year old Israeli-Arab conflict are estimated at some 120,000—compared to the grotesque number of deaths attributed to other wars, massacres, slaughters and oppressions are upward of 200 million in the 20th Century. Still, the U.N. system continues to undermine its credibility by finding new and imaginative ways to attack Israel, serving as one of the chief enablers of anti-Semitism—a term which today includes, by most versions, anti-Israel bias. The most recent series of tainted resolutions have come from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), which is headquartered in Paris. In October, the Executive Board voted three times on resolutions that have denied the Jewish connection to Judaism’s holiest site—the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. The resolutions, promoted by the Palestinians (which became a full member state at UNESCO in 2011), the Arab bloc and others, were allowed to pass—with diminishing majorities—by the feckless abstentions cast by many member states. This included Christian-majority countries that ostensibly have a vested interest in maintaining the Judeo-Christian historical narrative of the late Second Temple period in the cradle of Christianity. These resolutions were so outrageous that they even elicited a rare written condemnation by UNESCO Secretary-General Irina Bokova of Bulgaria and expressions of remorse by the presidents of Mexico, Brazil and Italy at their country’s vote. | <urn:uuid:df6aaa00-a7ff-410b-8a21-b7f35bf60ae7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bnaibrith.org/expert-analysis/category/un-affairs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.95945 | 4,262 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi went as far as to tell Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in a subsequent telephone conversation that: “To say that the Jewish people have no connection to Jerusalem is like saying that the sun creates darkness.” Renzi promised to vote against such resolutions in the future, and to act to convince other European governments to adopt his position. All of these efforts by world bodies whittle away at the legitimacy of Israel's presence in Jerusalem and elsewhere in the region, but they have little impact on the ground. These resolutions in fact are so outrageous that they have provided Israel with a perfect cover for keeping out recurrent committees of investigations that the U.N. has tried to send here—usually populated by "experts" whose anti-Israel bona fides are quite evident— in an effort to ignite an already flammable situation. The UNESCO resolutions could in fact be credited for the record number of Jewish visitors to the Western Wall and the Temple Mount during the Sukkot holiday. On Oct. 23, Interior Minister Aryeh Deri (Shas) called on all Israeli Jews to converge on the Western Wall for the Priestly Blessing. On a Facebook post he said: "This year, we’ll come, in our masses, to Jerusalem, to the Western Wall, to the Priestly Blessing. This Wednesday…we’ll all be there. We’ll send a clear message—nobody will separate us from our holy places.”
Rabbi Shmuel Rabinowitz, the Rabbi of the Western Wall, responded to the UNESCO decision by saying that, "In all of world history I don't know of an 'occupying power' whose land is full of the relics of its ancestors. The holiness of the Temple Mount and the Western Wall for the Jewish people goes back many generations. It does not need anyone's approval. It is ridiculous to deny the (archaeological) discoveries that are occurring all the time. The millions of worshipers who come to pray at the Western Wall in front of the Temple Mount are the Jewish answer to UNESCO." And as if in perfect timing, two major archaeological discoveries that reinforce the Jewish narrative and connection to Jerusalem came to light just as the international community sought to deny it. | <urn:uuid:df6aaa00-a7ff-410b-8a21-b7f35bf60ae7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bnaibrith.org/expert-analysis/category/un-affairs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.95945 | 4,262 | 2.5625 | 3 |
On Oct. 27, compelling evidence of the breaching of Jerusalem’s so-called “third wall”—which was said to have surrounded the city during the Roman destruction of the Temple in 70 C.E.—was announced by the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA). The new archaeological find included scores of ancient ballista and sling stones that the Romans fired from catapults at the Jewish guards stationed on top of the tower to defend the wall. The excavation directors described the find: “This is a fascinating testimony of the intensive bombardment by the Roman army, led by Titus, on their way to conquering the city and destroying the Second Temple.” And a day earlier the IAA displayed an unprecedented document containing a reference to Jerusalem from the First Temple period. Written in ancient Hebrew script and dating back to the Kingdom of Judah during the 7th century B.C.E., the rare relic—a shipping document made of papyrus—was seized from now-jailed Palestinian antiquities plunderers in a complex IAA unit for the Prevention of Antiquities Robbery operation. The papyrus was pillaged from a remote Judean desert cave and represents the earliest extra-Biblical source yet found to mention Jerusalem in Hebrew writing. While UNESCO's words might not yet have caused any physical harm, they do undoubtedly provide the grist for ongoing Palestinian efforts to engage in widespread damage to the physical elements of Jewish patrimony in Jerusalem and elsewhere in Israel. Those archaeological finds provide incontrovertible evidence of Jewish primacy in the Holy City from the time of King David and beyond. As an avid hiker in the less traversed mountains and valleys of Judea and Samaria, I am confronted with this sad reality on a regular basis in all areas under Palestinian control: plundered Jewish burial caves, mikvas and wine presses. Nowhere is this destruction more prevalent than on Temple Mount controlled to this day by the Muslim Waqif (Holy Trust). In an article released on Oct. 27 at an IAA conference in Jerusalem spotlighting major archeological finds over the past decade, Yuval Baruch, IAA Jerusalem Region director, describes the vast destruction caused by the Waqif in 1999. Heavy machinery was used on the Temple Mount to dig out an entrance to "Solomon's Stables," which turned it into the largest mosque in Israel. In 2007, the Waqif dug a channel for laying electrical cables on the mount. | <urn:uuid:df6aaa00-a7ff-410b-8a21-b7f35bf60ae7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bnaibrith.org/expert-analysis/category/un-affairs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.95945 | 4,262 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The debris from the first incident—dumped unceremoniously in the Kidron Valley—is still yielding artifacts that corroborate the biblical story. One of the most significant discoveries was presented by experts just last month—geometrically patterned marble floor tiles believed to have covered the porticos atop the Temple Mount during the Second Temple period. The tiles are so vivid, intricate and novel in design that you can still read the Talmudic teaching that “whoever has not seen Herod's building has not seen a beautiful building in his life.”
The second incident was approved and overseen by Baruch and yielded some of the only First Temple artifacts to be found in situ on Temple Mount. But other senior archaeologists fault IAA for what they argue is a continuing pattern of non-intervention in the Waqif's design to damage and destroy vestiges of Jewish presence on and around Temple Mount. They fault the state for allowing the Temple Mount artifacts to remain buried due to considerations of expediency (i.e. that such digs would cause turmoil in the Muslim world). While confronting—with considerable success—the diplomatic war against the Jewish people's chronicle in Jerusalem, the State of Israel must do more to ensure that our physical patrimony is not eliminated under the same motivation. If Israel is unable at this time to engage in a comprehensive expert and vetted archaeological dig on Temple Mount—something which is long over do—due to political, diplomatic and other temporal considerations, it must ensure that these artifacts remain in situ until future generations will have the fortune to do so. Alan Schneider is the director of B’nai B’rith World Center in Jerusalem, which serves as the hub of B'nai B'rith International activities in Israel. The World Center is the key link between Israel and B'nai B'rith members and supporters around the world. To view some of his additional content, Click Here. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Director-General Irina Bokova is not guilty of the hypocrisy, indifference and lack of responsibility of the member states of the organization who are promoting resolutions to incite hatred and create very negative frameworks in a place which should be devoted to expand and preserve culture. UNESCO should never support rage or erase history. But, the facts overcome the eventual good intentions of the UNESCO general-director. | <urn:uuid:df6aaa00-a7ff-410b-8a21-b7f35bf60ae7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bnaibrith.org/expert-analysis/category/un-affairs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.95945 | 4,262 | 2.5625 | 3 |
It is not necessary to be an expert in order to know that Islam was born in the 7th century C.E. The Western Wall is a great wall which was a piece of the great building of the Second Temple, which was built several centuries after the First Temple which was destroyed by the Babylonians. The Western Wall is the remnant of the Second Temple which was destroyed by the Roman Empire 2,000 years ago; 600 years before Islam was born. This is history. No more, no less. To twist history, lies are needed. There are people who deny history and take their lies to UNESCO. Accomplices support these lies by action, silence or ignorance, or all together: a disproportionate package of hate and hypocrisy. And those who turn indifferent are not better than the others: they join perpetrators and they fall into oblivion and disgrace. Bokova has tried not to be indifferent and has said that: “Jerusalem is the sacred city of the three monotheistic religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam. It is in recognition of this exceptional diversity, and this cultural and religious coexistence, that it was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list.”
Bokova stressed that denying, hiding or trying to “erase any of the Jewish, Christian or Muslim traditions, undermines the integrity of the site, and runs counter to the reasons that justified its inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage list.”
Demolishing history is not a question of undermining but aggression. It is very nice to say that from the top offices of UNESCO there will be hard work for justice and repair, but it looks naïve. One week after Bokova’s statement, UNESCO again, for the third time in less than ten days, destroyed history and showed its ugly anti-Semitic face, voting on an absurd resolution that erases Jewish ties to holy sites in Jerusalem, the center of Jews’ national and religious life throughout history. If UNESCO and its officers really want to recover a little self-respect for the organization, the only thing to be erased, must be the resolutions incited by the Palestinian Authority and supported by rogue governments. Is it possible? It seems unlikely. UNESCO, as other U.N. agencies are full of anti-Semitism. It happened when the U.N. elected a former Nazi as secretary-general in 1972. | <urn:uuid:df6aaa00-a7ff-410b-8a21-b7f35bf60ae7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bnaibrith.org/expert-analysis/category/un-affairs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.95945 | 4,262 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Mortgage Amortization Graph
The Mortgage Calculator helps estimate the monthly payment due along with other financial costs associated with mortgages. There are advanced options to include extra payments or annual percentage increases of common mortgage expenses. The calculator is mainly intended for use by the U.S. residents. A mortgage is a loan secured by property, usually real estate property. Lenders define it as the money borrowed to pay for real estate. In essence, the lender helps the buyer pay the seller of a house, and the buyer agrees to repay the money borrowed over a period of time, usually 15 or 30 years. Each month, a payment is made from buyer to lender. A portion of the monthly payment is called the principal, which is the original amount borrowed. The other portion is interest, which is the cost paid to the lender for using the money. There may be an escrow account involved to cover the cost of property taxes and insurance. The buyer cannot be considered the full owner of the mortgaged property until the last monthly payment is made. In U.S., the most common loan is the conventional 30-year fixed-interest loan, which represents 70% to 90% of all mortgages. Mortgages are how most people are able to own homes in the U.S. Mortgages are Secured Loans
Because a house or purchased property acts as collateral in exchange for the money borrowed to finance the purchase, mortgages fall under the category of secured loans. As a result, failure by the borrower to repay the borrowed money and interest to the lender gives the lender the right to take over the secured property. A foreclosure is a legal process in which a mortgaged property is sold to pay the debt of the borrower who defaulted. Key Components of a Mortgage
A real estate mortgage usually includes the following key components:
- Loan amount—the amount borrowed from a lender or bank. The maximum loan amount one can borrow normally correlates with household income or affordability. To estimate an affordable amount, please use our House Affordability Calculator. - Down payment—the upfront payment of the purchase, usually a percentage of the total price. In the US, if the down payment is less than 20% of the total property price, typically, private mortgage insurance (PMI) is mandatory until the principal is paid down to less than 80% or 78% of the total property price. | <urn:uuid:96c46944-f6e4-4161-9db7-12a25f1b0cac> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.calculator.net/mortgage-calculator.html?chouseprice=648000&cdownpayment=71800&cdownpaymentunit=d&cloanterm=25&cinterestrate=3.6&cpropertytaxes=3394.88&cpropertytaxesunit=d&chomeins=0&chomeinsunit=d&cothercost=289.74&cothercostunit=d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96176 | 2,906 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The PMI rate normally ranges from 0.3%-1.5% of the total loan amount, depending on various factors. A general rule-of-thumb is that the higher the down payment, the more favorable the interest rate. - Loan term—the amount of time over which the loan must be repaid in full. The most popular lengths are 30 years and 15 years. Normally, the shorter the loan term, the lower the interest rate. - Interest rate—the rate of interest charged by a mortgage lender. It can be fixed (otherwise known as a fixed-rate mortgage, or FRM), or adjustable (otherwise known as an adjustable rate mortgage, or ARM). The calculator above is only usable for fixed rates. For ARMs, interest rates are generally fixed for a period of time, after which they will be periodically adjusted based on market indices. ARMs transfer part of the risk to borrowers. Therefore, the initial interest rates are normally 0.5% to 2% lower than FRM with the same loan term. Mortgage interest rates are normally expressed in Annual Percentage Rate (APR), which is sometimes called nominal APR or effective APR. It is the interest rate expressed as a periodic rate multiplied by the number of compounding periods in a year. For example, if a mortgage rate is 6% APR, it means the borrower will have to pay 6% divided by twelve, which comes out to 0.5% in interest every month. APR will usually have some additional costs rolled in. The most common way to repay a mortgage loan is to make monthly, fixed payments to the lender. The payment contains both the principal and the interest. For a typical 30-year loan, the majority of the payments in the first few years cover the interest. Costs Associated with Home Ownership and Mortgages
Monthly mortgage payments usually comprise the bulk of the financial costs associated with owning a house, but there are other important costs to keep in mind. These costs are separated into two categories, recurring and non-recurring. Most recurring costs persist throughout and beyond the life of a mortgage, they are a significant financial factor. Property taxes, home insurance, HOA fees, and other costs increase with time as a byproduct of inflation. There are optional inputs within the calculator for annual percentage increases. Using these can result in more accurate calculations. In some cases, these routine costs combined can be more than the mortgage payment! | <urn:uuid:96c46944-f6e4-4161-9db7-12a25f1b0cac> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.calculator.net/mortgage-calculator.html?chouseprice=648000&cdownpayment=71800&cdownpaymentunit=d&cloanterm=25&cinterestrate=3.6&cpropertytaxes=3394.88&cpropertytaxesunit=d&chomeins=0&chomeinsunit=d&cothercost=289.74&cothercostunit=d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96176 | 2,906 | 2.640625 | 3 |
- Property taxes—a tax that property owners pay to governing authorities. In the U.S., property tax is usually managed by municipal or county government. The annual real estate tax in the U.S. varies by location, normally ranging from 1% to 4% of the property value. In some extreme cases, the tax rate can be 10% or higher. - Home insurance—an insurance policy that protects the owner from accidents that may happen to their private residence or other real estate properties. Home insurance can also contain personal liability coverage, which protects against lawsuits involving injuries that occur on and off the property. The cost of home insurance varies according to factors such as location, condition of property, and coverage amount. Typically, the annual cost can range from 0.1% to 5% of the property value. - Private mortgage insurance (PMI)—protects the mortgage lender if the borrower is unable to repay. In the U.S. specifically, if the down payment is less than 20% of the property value, the lender will normally require the borrower to purchase PMI until the loan-to-value ratio (LTV) reaches 80% or 78%. PMI price varies according to factors such as down payment, size of the loan, and credit of the borrower. The annual cost typically ranges from 0.3% to 1.5% of the loan amount. - HOA fee—a fee that is imposed on the property owner by an organization that maintains and improves the property and environment of the neighborhoods that the specific organization covers. Condominiums, townhomes, and some single-family homes commonly require the payment of HOA fees. Annual HOA fees usually amount to less than one percent of the property value. - Other costs—includes utilities, home maintenance costs, and anything pertaining to the general upkeep of the property. It is common to spend 1% or more of the property value on annual maintenance alone. These costs aren't addressed by the calculator, but they are still important to keep in mind. - Closing costs—the fees paid at the closing of a real estate transaction. These are not recurring fees, but they can be expensive. In the U.S., the closing cost on a mortgage can include an attorney fee, the title service cost, recording fee, survey fee, property transfer tax, brokerage commission, mortgage application fee, points, appraisal fee, inspection fee, home warranty, pre-paid home insurance, pro-rata property taxes, pro-rata homeowner association dues, pro-rata interest, and more. | <urn:uuid:96c46944-f6e4-4161-9db7-12a25f1b0cac> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.calculator.net/mortgage-calculator.html?chouseprice=648000&cdownpayment=71800&cdownpaymentunit=d&cloanterm=25&cinterestrate=3.6&cpropertytaxes=3394.88&cpropertytaxesunit=d&chomeins=0&chomeinsunit=d&cothercost=289.74&cothercostunit=d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96176 | 2,906 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Sellers will share some of these costs. It is not unusual for a buyer to pay about $10,000 in total closing costs on a $400,000 transaction. - Initial renovations—some buyers may choose to renovate before moving in. Examples may be changing the flooring, repainting the walls, updating the kitchen, or even overhauling the entire interior or exterior. These renovations can become costly very quickly. - Miscellaneous—New furniture, new appliances, and moving costs are also significant and common non-recurring costs of a home purchase. Early Repayment and Extra Payments
In many situations, mortgage borrowers may want to pay off mortgages earlier rather than later, either in whole or in part, for reasons including but not limited to interest savings, home selling, or refinancing. However, before doing so, it is important to first check with mortgage lenders to see if they accept early or extra payments, as some will have prepayment penalties. A prepayment penalty is an agreement, most likely explained in a mortgage contract, between a borrower and a mortgage lender that regulates what the borrower is allowed to pay off and when. Penalty amounts are usually expressed as a percent of the outstanding balance at the time of prepayment, or a specified number of months of interest. The penalty amount typically decreases with time until it phases out eventually, normally within 5 years. There are two types of prepayment penalties, soft prepays and hard prepays. A soft prepay allows for the sale of a home without penalty, while a hard prepay penalizes a person for not only selling a home, but also refinancing it. Most mortgage lenders allow borrowers to pay off up to 20% of the loan balance each year. One-time payoff due to home selling is normally exempt from a prepayment penalty. Few lenders charge prepayment penalties in response to the sale or refinancing of a home, but be sure to review the loan terms carefully just in case. FHA loans do not have prepayment penalties. Early Repayment Strategies
Aside from paying off the mortgage loan entirely, typically, there are three main strategies that can be used to payback a mortgage loan earlier. Borrowers mainly adopt these strategies to save on interest. These methods can be used in combination or individually. - Refinance to a loan with a shorter term—Interest rates of shorter term mortgage loans will most likely be lower. | <urn:uuid:96c46944-f6e4-4161-9db7-12a25f1b0cac> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.calculator.net/mortgage-calculator.html?chouseprice=648000&cdownpayment=71800&cdownpaymentunit=d&cloanterm=25&cinterestrate=3.6&cpropertytaxes=3394.88&cpropertytaxesunit=d&chomeins=0&chomeinsunit=d&cothercost=289.74&cothercostunit=d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96176 | 2,906 | 2.640625 | 3 |
This is because in the lenders' eyes, shorter loan lengths are less risky, so they are more willing to provide more favorable interest rates to the borrower. Keep in mind that this imposes higher financial pressure on the borrower due to the higher monthly mortgage payments. Also, there may be fees involved. - Make extra payments—on typical long-term mortgage loans, a very big portion of the earlier payments will go towards paying down interest rather than the principal. Any extra payments will decrease the loan balance, thereby decreasing interest, and allowing the borrower to pay off the loan earlier in the long run. Some people form the habit of paying extra every month, while others pay extra whenever they can. There are optional inputs in the Mortgage Calculator to include many extra payments, and it can be helpful to compare the results of supplementing mortgages with or without extra payments. - Make biweekly (once every two weeks) payments of half month's payment instead—since there are 52 weeks each year, this is the equivalent of making 13 months of mortgage repayments a year instead of 12. This method is mainly for those who receive their paycheck biweekly. It is easier for them to form a habit of taking a portion from each paycheck to make mortgage payments. Displayed in the calculated results are biweekly payments for comparison purposes. Benefits of Early Repayment
There are a number of reasons for borrowers to pay off their mortgage sooner, either in whole or in part. - Interest savings—due to the size and length of the mortgage loan, the savings on interest can be significant. - Shorter repayment period—the more additional payments made, particularly early in the life of the loan, the shorter the overall loan term. - Personal satisfaction—many people like the feeling of being debt free and having full ownership of a house. Drawbacks of Early Repayment
While paying off a mortgage earlier may sound like a great idea, it may not make sense in all cases. - The investment opportunity costs may be high—In the grand scheme of finance, mortgage rates tend to be on the lower end. For instance, paying off a mortgage with 4% interest does not seem so enticing for people that can make 10% or more return on investments. | <urn:uuid:96c46944-f6e4-4161-9db7-12a25f1b0cac> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.calculator.net/mortgage-calculator.html?chouseprice=648000&cdownpayment=71800&cdownpaymentunit=d&cloanterm=25&cinterestrate=3.6&cpropertytaxes=3394.88&cpropertytaxesunit=d&chomeins=0&chomeinsunit=d&cothercost=289.74&cothercostunit=d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96176 | 2,906 | 2.640625 | 3 |
4D Medicine’s biodegradable polymer inks can be 3D-printed into useful biomedical applications
Since 3D printing was developed in the 1980s, it has found many uses in medicine. The technology assists surgeons by creating patient-specific organ replicas they can practise on before performing complicated operations. It can provide surgical tools and custom-made prosthetics. And 3D printing holds the potential to solve some limitations of organ transplantation, by providing a way to manufacture personalised tissue engineering scaffolds, repair tissue defects in situ with cells, or even directly print implants. Researchers at the University of Birmingham, UK, have now developed biodegradable polymer inks that will help take the technology a step further. The resin inks are based on aliphatic polycarbonates. Unlike other polycarbonates, aliphatic polycarbonates have no aromatic groups between their carbonate linkages, which makes them less rigid. Founder Andrew Dove uses thiol-ene click chemistry to crosslink cyclic carbonate monomers and produce 3D polycarbonate structures that can be flexibly printed. ‘The big step we took is in the precise design of the monomer and the mixture of monomers that we used,’ Dove says. By using multiple carbonate monomers, Dove can create resins that have different mechanical properties when cured; for example, tuned to a specific degradation rate. ‘We can tune the properties of the material, and that’s a big advantage,’ Dove explains. ‘We can control its microstructure, its macroscopic shape, everything about it really, which is unusual. This gives the resins a range of potential applications. Initially, the team is aiming to develop devices that fill the tissue void after intrusive surgery. ‘A big problem after breast cancer removal surgery, for example, is the recovery,’ Dove says. ‘It’s quite hard to reconstruct the tissue. That takes several operations.’
The resins can be 3D printed into a unique support structure for tissue re-growth after the removal of a tumour. Scaffolds can fill the void where the tumour was, and also help to direct radiotherapy to improve patient outcomes and survival rates. The scaffold then degrades away to leave nothing but natural tissue behind. ‘We can print any shape and size and we’ve got beautiful data that shows that there is no real reaction to these materials when they’re implanted,’ Dove says. By using thiol-ene chemistry, the resins avoid the potentially toxic residual acrylate groups that other biomaterial scaffolds rely on. | <urn:uuid:8d528e11-62ea-42d6-b935-f1e214d3068e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/tissue-scaffolds-from-resin-inks/4010915.article | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.953962 | 1,118 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Dove’s team has conducted a four month rat study on the material and is now working on further animal studies, looking at both shorter and longer implant periods to observe the response to the material across its lifecycle. Dove can also see the inks being used in paediatric applications, such as treating musculoskeletal problems, where bespoke, printed products in different sizes will fit more closely to a child’s growing body. ‘We are designing devices at the moment and are trying to understand how they perform, but also how they feel and what patients would like from them,’ Dove says. Down to business
Dove and his business partner, Andrew Weems, spun out 4D Medicine from the University, to focus on moving the technology towards market approval. Weems was instrumental in the development of the technology, Dove says. As a PhD student, he contacted Dove about linking their respective experiences of 3D printing and shape memory, thinking there could be biomedical interest in the combination. Weems secured a fellowship from the Whitaker International Program to work with Dove. ‘We made very good progress very quickly and it became apparent that there was an opportunity to do something really impactful,’ Dove remembers. Weems later received funding from Innovate UK’s Innovation and Commercialisation of University Research (Icure) scheme, which finances researchers to explore the commercial potential of their research. Both rounds of funding were essential for the team’s progress. After all, funding is always the biggest hurdle to developing a new technology, Dove says. ‘Andrew coming in with a Whitaker fellowship was definitely a turning point in the story because it’s hard to get funding for an idea like this.’ The pair were also winners of the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Emerging Technologies competition in 2018. Now, Dove and Weems are seeking the investment that will allow them to take the final steps towards getting the toxicology data they need to prove to regulators that what they are trying to do is safe. The regulatory hurdles for medical devices are big, Dove knows. ‘We’ve got a lot of work still to do to prove the safety of the material, and then there are lots of different steps we have to take along the road to get regulatory approval,’ he says. | <urn:uuid:8d528e11-62ea-42d6-b935-f1e214d3068e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/tissue-scaffolds-from-resin-inks/4010915.article | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.953962 | 1,118 | 3.046875 | 3 |
‘But I think the combination of the application we’re targeting, and the material we’re using will help mitigate that risk and the initial results really point us in the right direction. It’s looking really good at the moment.’
Location: Birmingham, UK
Number of employees: 2
Origin: Spin-out from the University of Birmingham | <urn:uuid:8d528e11-62ea-42d6-b935-f1e214d3068e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/tissue-scaffolds-from-resin-inks/4010915.article | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.953962 | 1,118 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Canada benchmarked against 15 countries
Mortality Due to Diabetes
- Canada receives a “C” and ranks 15th out of 17 peer countries on mortality due to diabetes. - Two million Canadians suffer from diabetes, a figure that is expected to increase to three million over the next decade. - The prevalence of diabetes in Canada continues to increase. Putting mortality due to diabetes in context
Diabetes is a global epidemic and, according to the International Diabetes Federation, “one of the most challenging health problems in the 21st century.” In 2011, diabetes accounted for about 4.6 million deaths worldwide.1
Globally, it is estimated that more than 350 million people suffer from diabetes; this number is expected to jump to over 550 million by 2030, if nothing is done.2 An estimated 280 million people worldwide have an impaired glucose tolerance—a precursor to diabetes. This number is projected to reach 398 million by 2030, or 7 per cent of the adult population.3
Diabetes has also shifted down a generation—from a disease of the elderly to one that affects those of working age or younger. According to the International Diabetes Federation, as a result of decreasing levels of physical activity and increasing obesity rates, type 2 diabetes in children has the potential to become a global public health issue.4
What is diabetes? Diabetes is a chronic, often debilitating, and sometimes fatal disease that occurs when there are problems with the production and use of insulin in the body, ultimately leading to high blood sugar levels. Long-term complications from diabetes include kidney disease, diminishing sight, loss of feeling in the limbs, and cardiovascular disease. There are three types of diabetes:
- Type 1 is sometimes called “insulin dependent” and is considered to be an autoimmune reaction that attacks the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. - Type 2 diabetes is referred to as “non-insulin dependent” or “adult onset.” It is usually controlled through diet, regular exercise, oral medication, and sometimes insulin injections. - Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and usually goes away after. How does the Canadian mortality rate due to diabetes compare to those of its peers? Canada has the third-highest rate of mortality due to diabetes among its peer countries, giving it a “C” rating. The most recent year of published data on mortality due to diabetes for Canada is 2004, with 18 deaths per 100,000 population. | <urn:uuid:e6b6ca9a-8618-4c2a-b734-efe2fdc2c561> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.conferenceboard.ca/(X(1)S(koqpvsnbguzlzprjtprzzo2b))/hcp/Details/Health/mortality-diabetes.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.939973 | 3,417 | 3.140625 | 3 |
That dropped to an estimated 16 deaths per 100,000 population in 2006.5 Austria is the worst performer, at 26 deaths per 100,000 population. These high mortality rates throw a spotlight on Japan, which has a very low rate of 5.5 deaths per 100,000 population. Has Canada improved its relative grade? Canada earned “C”s in the 1960s and 1970s. By contrast, Denmark, Japan, Norway, and the U.K. were “A” performers then. In the 1980s, Canada’s ranking improved to a “B,” but Finland, France, Ireland, and Sweden surpassed Canada’s improvements and joined the roster of “A” performers. Canada’s grade slipped to a “C” in the 1990s and a “D” in the most recent decade, although it has since edged back up to a “C” in 2006. Austria, the U.S., and Italy have also been pushed to the back of this class on this indicator. Three countries have had solid “A”s throughout the five decades: Japan, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Are more Canadians dying of diabetes than in the past? In the early 1980s, deaths from diabetes started to rise. The higher mortality rate was linked to an overall increase in obesity and new cases of diabetes, primarily among men.6
But in recent years, the mortality rate due to diabetes has fallen. This is likely due to better and earlier treatment of the disease, given that the prevalence of diabetes continues to increase. Use the pull-down menu to compare the change in Canada’s mortality rate due to diabetes with that of its peers. Why is diabetes a concern in Canada? Diabetes is one of the most common conditions affecting Canadians: an estimated 2 million Canadians, or 1 in 16 people, have been diagnosed with diabetes.7 The number of Canadians actually suffering from diabetes could be much greater given that many living with this chronic condition remain undiagnosed for years. Also distressing is the fact that the prevalence of diabetes continues to increase. Between 2000–01 and 2006–07, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in Canada, taking into account changes in the age of the population, increased by 37 per cent.8 Diabetes prevalence is increasing for both men and women in Canada. In 2010, Canada had the second-highest prevalence of diabetes among the peer countries.9
Diabetes has a huge economic impact. A person with diabetes can face medication and supply costs in the range of $1,000 to $15,000 a year. | <urn:uuid:e6b6ca9a-8618-4c2a-b734-efe2fdc2c561> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.conferenceboard.ca/(X(1)S(koqpvsnbguzlzprjtprzzo2b))/hcp/Details/Health/mortality-diabetes.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.939973 | 3,417 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Diabetes-related costs—such as lab tests, physician services, and kidney analysis—amount to $15.6 billion every year in Canada, a figure that is expected to reach $19.2 billion by 2020.10 In 2010, diabetes-related health spending in OECD countries was an estimated US$345 billion.11
What accounts for rising incidences of diabetes and mortality rates? About 85 to 95 per cent of all diabetes cases in high-income countries are type 2.12 The number of people with type 2 diabetes is increasing dramatically because of Canada’s aging population, rising obesity rates, increasingly sedentary lifestyles, and higher risk for diabetes for Aboriginal people and new Canadians.13
Physical activity, healthy eating, weight loss, not smoking, and stress reduction may help delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. One study showed that people at risk of type 2 diabetes were able to reduce their risk by 58 per cent by exercising moderately for 30 minutes a day and by losing 5–7 per cent of their body weight.14
The Canadian Community Health Survey has found links between being overweight and having concurrent high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease.15 Technological and treatment advances have improved Canada’s performance on heart disease, dropping the rate from 231.8 deaths per 100,000 population in 1980 to 88.4 in 2004.16 However, the rising incidence of diabetes in Canada also portends a rise in the number of deaths from heart disease as the population ages and becomes more obese and sedentary. According to the Canadian Diabetes Association, 80 per cent of people with diabetes will die as a result of heart disease or stroke, and diabetes is a contributing factor in the death of about 41,500 Canadians each year.17 In fact, Canadian adults with diabetes have mortality rates that are twice as high as the rates for adults without diabetes.18
Other factors also come into play. Aboriginal people, for example, are three to five times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than the general population.19 People of Hispanic, Asian, South Asian, and African descent are also at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than people of European descent—and people from these populations make up the majority of new Canadian immigrants, the main source of Canada’s population growth. | <urn:uuid:e6b6ca9a-8618-4c2a-b734-efe2fdc2c561> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.conferenceboard.ca/(X(1)S(koqpvsnbguzlzprjtprzzo2b))/hcp/Details/Health/mortality-diabetes.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.939973 | 3,417 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Furthermore, people from these ethnic populations who develop diabetes do so at an earlier age and at a lower body mass index (BMI).20
One of the most disturbing indicators is the growing incidence of type 2 diabetes among children from these high-risk populations. When combined with rising child obesity rates, the warning signs indicate this may be the first generation of children in more than a hundred years who can expect worse health outcomes than their parents. Are Canadians making the wrong lifestyle choices? Yes. The increase in type 2 diabetes is due to behavioural and lifestyle choices. Lifestyle choices, such as physical activity and diet, affect health outcomes. Obesity is one of the most significant contributing factors to many chronic conditions, including heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. The percentage of Canadians who are overweight or obese continues to increase. In 2009, 48 per cent of Canadians were overweight or obese, with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or more. The percentage of obese Canadians, with a BMI of 30 or more, grew from 12 per cent in 1994 to 16.5 per cent in 2009.21 Furthermore, these estimates are based on self-reported height and weight. BMI estimates derived from actual measurements of height and weight paint a bleaker picture.22 According to calculations based on measured data, in 2008, 60 per cent of Canadians were considered to be either overweight or obese and 24 per cent were considered to be obese.23
Particularly troubling is the growing share of Canadian children and adolescents who are overweight, given that “excess weight in adolescence often persists into adulthood.”24 According to a recent OECD report, more than one in four Canadian children is considered overweight—a share that is higher than the OECD average and those in most of the peer countries.25 The increase in overweight children helps explain the rise in the incidence of children developing diabetes. While diet plays a big role, the likelihood of children being overweight or obese also increases as they spend more “screen time” in front of televisions, video games, or computers and lead less active lifestyles. What can Canada do to address the dramatic rise in diabetes? Interprofessional health care teams and case management can improve the quality of care for chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease. | <urn:uuid:e6b6ca9a-8618-4c2a-b734-efe2fdc2c561> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.conferenceboard.ca/(X(1)S(koqpvsnbguzlzprjtprzzo2b))/hcp/Details/Health/mortality-diabetes.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.939973 | 3,417 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Information technology can support these interprofessional health care teams by giving health care system managers and policy-makers tools such as registries for chronic diseases. And yet, although 90 per cent of family physicians in nine European countries and Australia use computers for at least some element of caring for patients, according to a recent study, only 20 per cent of Canadian family physicians used computers.26 The most common use is managing patient drug prescriptions, followed by receiving laboratory results online. Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease with a high burden of complications. Physicians have difficulty managing diabetes as part of their daily practice. According to a 2003 study from the Diabetes in Canada Evaluation (DICE), one in two Canadians with type 2 diabetes do not have their blood sugar under control, and the longer patients have diabetes, the less likely they are to control their blood sugar. The use of effective drugs for diabetic care is low also in Canada. The DICE study cited “clinical inertia” as the reason why knowledge is not being translated into more aggressive treatment plans.27
Only half of the family physicians in Canada say their practices are well prepared to handle patients with multiple chronic health conditions. In its report Why Health Care Renewal Matters: Lessons From Diabetes, the Health Council of Canada states that less than one-half of Canadians with diabetes get all the lab tests and procedures that experts recommend to monitor blood sugar levels, blood pressure, cholesterol, kidney health, vision, and foot health. Yet research suggests that when people with diabetes receive higher levels of preventive care, their health is better than when they do not.28
The Council points out that seeing a family physician does not always indicate a higher level of care. It found that only half of general practitioners refer their patients for more active support such as nutrition or fitness counselling. A landmark U.K. diabetes study showed that a combination of intensive blood sugar control and oral medications was more effective than the typical approach, where doctors first try dietary and weight control measures before going on to medication.29 Consequently, the Canadian Diabetes Association’s 2003 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada now call for a more aggressive treatment approach. | <urn:uuid:e6b6ca9a-8618-4c2a-b734-efe2fdc2c561> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.conferenceboard.ca/(X(1)S(koqpvsnbguzlzprjtprzzo2b))/hcp/Details/Health/mortality-diabetes.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.939973 | 3,417 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Diabetes during the holidays doesn't have to be a humbug
From candy corn to candy canes…now that Halloween is over thoughts of Christmas are already on many of our minds. Families will soon be gathering around dinner tables enjoying Thanksgiving meals with cherished recipes that are only made this time of year. We’ll splurge, we’ll gorge, and we’ll let our belt out one more notch. It’s no wonder that this time of year can be challenging for those with diabetes. November is National Diabetes Month. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 30 million people in the United States have diabetes, and one quarter of them don’t know they have it. In the last 20 years, the number of adults diagnosed with diabetes has more than tripled. Another astounding statistic is that more than a third of U.S. adults have pre-diabetes, and 90 percent of them do not know they have it. I’ve wondered how the CDC can know, if the people don’t know, but that’s another investigation for another day. Other concerning facts about diabetes is that people with diabetes are twice as likely to have heart disease or a stroke as people without diabetes. It is the leading cause of kidney failure, lower-limb amputations and adult-onset blindness. Smokers are 30 to 40 percent more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than non-smokers. The most shocking statistic to me is that medical costs for people with diabetes are twice as high as they are for people who don’t have diabetes. It certainly pays to make positive changes for health now if you are at risk for developing diabetes. Some of those risk factors include being overweight, over the age of 45, having a parent or sibling who has type 2 diabetes and being physically active fewer than three times a week. You can’t control your age or pick your relatives, but you can make healthier choices when it comes to physical activity and weight management. You may be aware that having diabetes means counting the total carbohydrate content in foods, not just the sugar content. The CDC encourages us that no food needs to be on the naughty list. There are some foods that you just can’t get any other time of year. So savor them over the holidays. | <urn:uuid:971c4c55-eae9-47c5-bf17-5b2d9f42fdcc> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.coshoctontribune.com/story/news/local/2018/11/03/diabetes-during-holidays-doesnt-have-humbug/1848463002/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.955462 | 703 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Choose small servings of the dishes that you really love, slow down and enjoy every delicious bite. OSU Extension will be offering a Take Charge of Your Diabetes During the Holidays program from 6 to 7:30 p.m. Nov. 12 at the Frontier Power Community Room, 770 S. Second St. Those with diabetes or pre-diabetes and their family members or caretakers are encouraged to attend and learn how to stay healthy during the holidays. Cooking demonstrations of holiday foods that are both nutritious and delicious will be provided. Registration and $5 registration fee is required by this Wednesday. Registration includes dinner as well as diabetic management tips presented by Registered Dietician and OSU Extension educator Kate Shumaker. Visit coshocton.osu.edu for more information. Today I’ll leave you with this quote from the great Erma Bombeck: “I come from a family where gravy is considered a beverage.”
Emily Buxton Marrison is the OSU Extension family and consumer sciences educator for Coshocton County. | <urn:uuid:971c4c55-eae9-47c5-bf17-5b2d9f42fdcc> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.coshoctontribune.com/story/news/local/2018/11/03/diabetes-during-holidays-doesnt-have-humbug/1848463002/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.955462 | 703 | 2.6875 | 3 |
You will read that blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology (DLT) . Basically, a ledger that keeps accounting data - the oldest type of database known in history. For as long as civilizations have been engaging in trade or organized systems of government, methods of record keeping using ledger have been in use. With the advent of the internet we began digitizing the ledger, and eventually in 1990 distributed ledgers where designed to manage document updates using timestamps across servers. A decade later the DLT concept was taken further by designing block structure to hold data. Between 1990s and early 2000s, there were a series of developments toward digital currencies based on various cryptographic concepts. Most notably, 1998 Nick Szabo created a digital currency: Bitgold . It was the first attempt at blockchain based cryptocurrency for peer to peer transactions. However digital assets are easily duplicated and BitGold was not able to resolve the common issue of double spending for peer-to-peer digital currencies without third party entities to authorize transactions. In 2008 blockchain was fully developed, by someone going under the pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto published the paper, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Bitcoins blockchain solution is the first blockchain to solve the double spending problem without needing any centralized authority as financial institutions are used today - hence Bitcoin introduced the first decentralized blockchain solution for p2p transactions. Hello, My name is Uzma | <urn:uuid:a24433be-2494-4c54-8911-a80757385809> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.cryptovie.ca/blog/the-birth-of-blockchain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.950816 | 288 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Water has been harvested in India since antiquity, with our ancestors perfecting the art of water management. Many water harvesting structures and water conveyance systems specific to the eco-regions and culture has been developed. Paar is a common water harvesting practice in the western Rajasthan region. It is a common place where the rainwater flows from the agar (catchment) and in the process percolates into the sandy soil. In order to access the rajani pani (percolated water) kuis or beris are dug in the agor (storage area). Kuis or beris are normally 5 metres (m) to 12 m deep. The structure was constructed through traditional masonary technology. Normally six to ten of them are constructed in a paar. However depending on the size of the paar the numbers of kuis or beris are decided. Bhatti mentions that there are paars in Jaisalmer district where there are more than 20 kuis are in operation. This is the most predominant form of rainwater harvesting in the region. Rainwater harvested through PAAR technique is known as Patali paani. Talab / Bandhis:
Talabs are reservoirs. They may be natural, such as the ponds (pokhariyan) at Tikamgarh in the Bundelkhand region. They can be human-made, such the lakes in Udaipur. A reservoir area of less than five bighas is called a talai; a medium sized lake is called a bandhi or talab; bigger lakes are called sagar or samand. The pokhariyan serve irrigation and drinking purposes. When the water in these reserviors dries up just a few days after the monsoon, the pond beds are cultivated with rice. An open well with multiple owners (saza = partner), saza kuva is the most important source of irrigation in the Aravalli hills in Mewar, eastern Rajasthan. The soil dug out to make the well pit is used to construct a huge circular foundation or an elevated platform sloping away from the well. The first is built to accomodate the rehat, a traditional water lifting device; the sloping platform is for the chada, in which buffaloes are used to lift water. Saza kuva construction is generally taken up by a group of farmers with adjacent landholdings; a harva, a man with special skills in groundwater detection, helps fix the site. Johads are small earthen check dams that capture and conserve rainwater, improving percolation and groundwater recharge. | <urn:uuid:b836b8bf-5d84-43f8-9ad7-f9bd7ad1db9d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.cseindia.org/traditional-water-harvesting-systems-683 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.952866 | 831 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Starting 1984, the last sixteen years have seen the revival of some 3000 johads spread across more than 650 villages in Alwar district, Rajasthan. This has resulted in a general rise of the groundwater level by almost 6 metres and a 33 percent increase in the forest cover in the area. Five rivers that used to go dry immediately following the monsoon have now become perennial, such as the River Arvari, has come alive. Bhitada village , Jhabua district of Madhya pradesh developed the unique pat system. This system was devised according to the peculiarities of the terrain to divert water from swift-flowing hill streams into irrigation channels called pats. The diversion bunds across the stream are made by piling up stones and then lining them with teak leaves and mud to make them leakproof. The pat channel has to negotiate small nullahs that join the stream off and on, and also sheer cliffs before reaching the fields. These sections invariably get washed away during the monsoons. Stone aqueducts have to be built to span the intervening nullahs. The villagers irrigate their fields by turns. The channel requires constant maintenance and it is the duty of the family irrigating the fields on a particular day to take care of the pat on that particular day. It takes about two weeks to get the pat flowing and the winter crop is sown in early November. | <urn:uuid:b836b8bf-5d84-43f8-9ad7-f9bd7ad1db9d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.cseindia.org/traditional-water-harvesting-systems-683 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.952866 | 831 | 3.578125 | 4 |
This part provides AC at a glance and features of Assembly as per Delimitation Commission of India document. Location and Political Maps
It highlights location maps of AC and thematic map representation of winner parties at town and village level. This section furnishes information on demographic features of AC with socio-religious classification of population. Presents data on some important historical features of the elections held since independence along with the electoral by age group for latest year. Historical Summary Election Results
This segment gives a summary of the assembly elections result since independence which include vote share of major parties, polarity, winning margin, etc. Polling Station Level Election Results
It covers the name, number and elections results of the polling station along with their electoral and voter & voter turnout after delimitation 2008. Share of Assembly Constituency
This part confers data on the share of AC in state, district and parliamentary constituency. Socio- Economic Amenities
It contains data on socio-economic amenities likewise education, health, drinking water supply, sanitation, entertainment and recreations infrastructure, etc. Abbreviation and sources
It contains the abbreviation and the source of information used in the book. | <urn:uuid:9744fc27-5cb6-4fad-8b0b-629888c03db8> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.datanetindia-ebooks.com/assembly_factbook/maharashtra/hingoli/kalamnuri | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.919391 | 245 | 2.578125 | 3 |
This color contains the following pigments:
charred animal bone
carbon + calcium phosphate
C + Ca3(PO4)2 or C × CaPO4
Ivory Black is a cool, semi-transparent blue-black with a slight brownish undertone and average tinting strength. It mixes well with any color, and creates a range of dull greens when mixed with yellow. It has good properties for use in oil, can be slow to dry in oil form, and should never be used in underpainting or frescoing. Ivory Black is denser than Lamp Black. Ivory Black is very lightfast and has good permanence, though it is considered the least permanent of the major black pigments. Ivory Black has no significant hazards. Ivory Black is a carbon based black first named as Elephantium, and described in the 4th century BCE as produced by heating ivory scraps in clay pots to reduce the ivory or bone to charcoal. The deviation in names is because the more expensive varieties of this pigment were made by burning ivory, and the less expensive ones by burning animal bone. In the 19th century, the name Ivory Black was finally permitted to be applied to Carbon Black pigments made from bone. True Ivory Black is rare in modern times due to the protection of ivory, and the synthetic variety produced today was discovered in 1929. Bone Black is produced as an industrial pigment. | <urn:uuid:87061d67-5c0c-4f98-bf9b-22c259b03e12> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.dickblick.com/items/royal-talens-gouache-black-intenso-20-ml-tube/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.949966 | 289 | 2.953125 | 3 |
The field of orthodontics is most commonly associated with treatment for pre-teens and teenagers, but an increasing amount of adults are choosing to correct jaw irregularities (malocclusions) and misaligned teeth with orthodontics. It is now estimated that approximately one third of all orthodontic patients are adults. The major advantage of treating irregularities at a young age is that orthodontic appliances are widely accepted in youth and ideal alignment can be achieved before adulthood. Most orthodontists agree, however, that it is never too late to get braces. Aside from the pleasing aesthetic of a beautifully straight smile, correcting malocclusion and teeth misalignment with braces is beneficial for a number of other reasons:
Reduced Tooth Decay – Misaligned teeth can make maintaining adequate oral hygiene incredibly difficult. Hard-to-reach spaces can become breeding grounds for the oral bacteria that cause tooth decay. Reduced Wear and Tear – Chewing capability is impacted by malocclusion. Improper alignment means that as food is chewed, force is not evenly distributed. This can lead to flattened teeth and lopsided wear and tear on dental enamel. Relief of Jaw Pain – Not only does a comfortable bite distribute pressure evenly across teeth, it can also create smooth, pain-free dental function. Patients with malocclusion experience jaw joint disorders (TMJ dysfunction) that create clicking, popping, and discomfort when opening and closing the mouth. What Types of Misalignment Require Braces? An oral health professional can successfully treat jaw irregularities and teeth alignment issues with orthodontic braces. Here is a brief overview of the most common types of issues and alignment irregularities that require braces:
Overbite - An overbite occurs when the maxilla (upper jaw) protrudes further than the mandible (lower jaw). This condition can give the chin a sunken appearance and make the smile look toothier than normal. Underbite – An underbite occurs when the mandible protrudes further than the maxilla. This condition may be the result of growth irregularities and can make the chin look overly large. Overcrowding – Overcrowding occurs when there is insufficient room for the adult teeth to erupt and align. In some cases, a tooth or several teeth may need to be extracted to provide room on the arch for proper alignment. What Kind Of Braces Will I Need? Dental braces tend to fall into two major categories: fixed and removable. | <urn:uuid:6aca6921-7ae5-477b-a420-138893c80412> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.dileodentalgroupllc.com/procedures/orthodontics/is-it-ever-too-late-to-get-braces/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.922081 | 795 | 2.75 | 3 |
Before recommending a specific course of treatment, your dental professional will visually examine your mouth, take x-rays and form bite impressions. Once a firm diagnosis has been made, a discussion regarding treatment options can take place to determine the quickest and best procedure. Here is a brief overview of some common types of braces:
Fixed Dental Braces – These dental braces have two major components: brackets and an archwire. A metal, clear or ceramic bracket is glued to each tooth and an archwire is used to link them. During adjustment appointments, the orthodontist will gently tighten or replace wires to train the teeth into the desired position. Lingual Braces – These braces are fixed yet invisible because they are fitted behind the teeth. Lingual braces are effective for straightening teeth, but on occasion cause minor speech problems and tongue discomforts due to their positioning. Invisalign® – This system of removable aligners is favored by many adults because of its natural appearance. A series of plastic trays are used to gradually move teeth into proper alignment. Retainers – When realignment is complete, measures need to be taken to ensure that the teeth do not shift back into the old alignment. Retainers hold teeth in the desired position, allowing bone to form around teeth’s new position. If you have questions or concerns about dental braces, please contact your dental health professional. | <urn:uuid:6aca6921-7ae5-477b-a420-138893c80412> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.dileodentalgroupllc.com/procedures/orthodontics/is-it-ever-too-late-to-get-braces/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.922081 | 795 | 2.75 | 3 |
Hubble also saw water vapor erupting from Europa, shown here in an artist illustration with real images but enhanced ejecta. (Credit: NASA/ESA/and M. Kornmesser) Score another point for Jupiter’s moon Europa as a top target in the hunt for alien life. In a study published Monday in the journal Nature Astronomy, scientists say they’ve found the best evidence yet that plumes of water erupt from an ocean hidden beneath the moon’s icy shell. The Hubble Space Telescope had found signs of similar activity several times, but there was initially some debate surrounding those results. Astronomers made this latest breakthrough by digging through decades-old data collected by NASA’s Galileo spacecraft — the last mission to visit Europa. And the results strengthen the case for finally sending a spacecraft to return to Europa and fly through these water plumes, sampling what’s inside them in search of insights into the chances of life below the ice. Incredibly, most of what astronomers know about Europa comes from a limited set of data gathered by the troubled Galileo probe, which launched in 1989. Problems with the spacecraft’s antennae limited how much information could be sent back to Earth. So, the best ever image of Europa’s surface packs some 20 feet into each pixel — and it’s not even in color. Europa’s fractured crust shows clear signs of a young surface — one that’s perhaps still actively shifting. This high-resolution mosaic of the Conamara Chaos region is one of the few such close-ups gathered by Galileo in the 1990s. (Credit: NASA/JPL/Orion Moon) Nonetheless, Galileo’s dozen close flybys of Europa revealed a fractured and icy terrain that looked like a frozen version of Earth’s plate tectonics. And Galileo’s magnetometer also showed evidence for a global ocean. But that data has had to hold astronomers over for more than two decades, as no spacecraft has been back since. A dozen spacecraft have launched for Mars in that time. In fact, many scientists now working on NASA’s planned Europa Clipper mission — due to launch in the 2020s — studied old Galileo data as graduate students. The latest findings were made by observing changes in Europa’s magnetic field and plasma that the scientists say were likely caused by a plume. | <urn:uuid:6c936b11-5c5a-4708-95a6-ef4f8801fccb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/best-evidence-yet-for-water-plumes-erupting-off-europa | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.951088 | 582 | 3.390625 | 3 |
They retraced Galileo’s path at the time the observations were made to show the anomaly came from a region where scientists already thought heat was coming up from the moon’s interior. These new findings also make the case for sending a lander to touch down on Europa and drill through its icy surface. That’s something some members of Congress have pushed for, but the space agency itself has previously resisted due to technical challenges and high cost. | <urn:uuid:6c936b11-5c5a-4708-95a6-ef4f8801fccb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/best-evidence-yet-for-water-plumes-erupting-off-europa | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.951088 | 582 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Egret spotting at Poole Harbour in Dorset
PUBLISHED: 22:37 19 October 2020 | UPDATED: 22:37 19 October 2020
Copyright AGAMI photo agency
Little Egrets, Cattle Egrets and Great White Egrets are swapping their southern European habitats for Dorset’s balmy shores
Conservation is a vast and complex subject, often with polarising views between what is right or wrong for a landscape. The actions of previous generations have created a void in this country’s ecosystems making the UK one of the most nature deleted countries in the world, according to a 2018 World Wildlife Foundation report. The facts speak for themselves, with numbers in certain species such as farmland birds plummeting, it’s estimated that 30% of UK bird species are threatened with extinction. These are terrifying statistics that need addressing urgently, but there’s another dynamic that’s occurring where we’re also seeing population recoveries of species that were once widespread across much of southern Europe. These are now benefiting from a ‘safer’ haven in the warmer climes of southern Britain, including here in Dorset. In the early 1980’s a small white heron was spotted in Poole Harbour. It turned out to be a Little Egret, an extremely rare bird from southern Europe. Over the next decade sightings became more frequent and, in 1996, the Little Egret bred for the first time in Britain on Brownsea Island. This was big news and over the next four years the colony grew to 46 pairs on Brownsea. The Little Egrets’ history is a sad one. For several centuries, it was relentlessly hunted for its feathers and elaborate plumes, which were used in the fashion trade to trim hats and hair accessories. In fact it was this industry that prompted a group of campaigning ladies, headed by Emily Williamson to start the RSPB in 1889. After a lot of hard work and over a very long period of time, the persecution the Little Egret stopped and its populations finally began to recover. In the 21st century, climate change is also playing its role in ecological disruption for many species, but for the Little Egret it has aided their expansion into northern Europe and eventually into southern Britain. We’re now beginning to see exactly the same pattern occurring with two of the Little Egrets’ closest relatives, the Cattle Egret and the Great White Egret. | <urn:uuid:df9c6e1b-249d-4626-a268-e5a7a03bc697> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.dorsetmagazine.co.uk/out-about/wildlife/egret-spotting-in-poole-harbour-dorset-1-6891129 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.955629 | 783 | 2.5625 | 3 |
If you had said to me, five years ago that both Cattle Egret and Great White Egret would become regular over-wintering species in the harbour I wouldn’t have believed it. However, with breeding populations of both these species now established on the Somerset Levels over the last few years, we regularly see these stunning white herons at several sites around the harbour. There was a flock of 20 over-wintering Cattle Egret during 2017/18 winter period around Holme Lane, and there are usually two or three Great White Egret now present each winter in the Brands Bay/Littlesea area. I have no doubt that over the next couple of years these will also be breeding here, which will certainly provide a Mediterranean vibe to the Costa del Dorset! Birdwatching cruises around Poole Harbour
13 November: Low Tide Cruise (1- 4pm)
15 & 29 November: Wareham Channel & Harbour Cruise (9am - 12.30pm)
Ringing birds demonstations
4 & 18 November: Sunnyside Winter Ringing Demo (7.30 - 9.30pm)
Birds of Poole Harbour ID courses
11- 12 November: Winter Waders of Poole Harbour, 2-day course
To book on any of these event click here or call 01202 641003 | <urn:uuid:df9c6e1b-249d-4626-a268-e5a7a03bc697> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.dorsetmagazine.co.uk/out-about/wildlife/egret-spotting-in-poole-harbour-dorset-1-6891129 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.955629 | 783 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The World’s favorite conductivity meter. Simply brilliant, brilliantly simple! It is essential when growing with a hydroponic solution to KNOW what the strength of the solution is before feeding your plants AND while they are growing. If the conductivity reading is too low, your plants may not be getting enough nutrients. If the conductivity reading is too high, plants can dehydrate. Understanding the conductivity of the nutrient solution takes the guesswork out of feeding plants. It will also save you money! Using the Bluelab Truncheon® Nutrient Meter is the fastest and easiest way to measure the conductivity! To take a reading of your solution – simply place the probe head into the solution and the reading is indicated by the flashing lights. Calibration of the Truncheon® Nutrient Meter is not required. | <urn:uuid:fbf3da39-bc5f-4253-93cb-2f1b10fb2be2> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.eastcoasthydroponics.co.uk/nutrients-boosters/bluelab-truncheon-meter-ec/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.909919 | 171 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Implementing the Plan
In this phase, you’ll take action to improve equity in student performance. After staff gain a common understanding of the plan, it’s time to implement your strategies. Implementation includes multiple components, including monitoring, evaluation, and celebration of successes. The final step is to use evaluation results to reassess the entire plan and adjust it as needed. As you implement the plan, you will address each of these questions. - Does our implementation provide for periodic gathering of evidence related to student improvement, diversity, and equity? - Are we using the evidence to revise and strengthen the plan as appropriate? See the Resource section of this guide for a variety of information and tools that might help you implement your plan. The following resources will be most useful to you during in this phase. - Curriculum and Instruction
- Organizations Providing Assistance and Materials
- Professional Development
- Research and Theory
- Videos and Films
Step 1: Help all Staff Develop an Understanding of the Goals and Strategies
It is important to ensure all staff members are “on board” and are ready, willing, and able to do their part in implementing the plan. Staff members need to have a clear understanding of the purpose of targeted changes and the resources that will be used. You might consider holding a staff learning session, a kick-off meeting, or other event to signal the start of implementation. Step 2: Implement the Plan! Step 3: Monitor the Implementation
To determine how well the action plan is being implemented, you should ask several questions:
- Are the interventions being implemented in a timely manner? - Does evidence show that our progress is on course to achieve our desired results? - Are adjustments to the plan made, as needed, to assure better implementation? In order to answer these questions, you will need to monitor implementation through formative evaluation. This involves a check or series of checks to monitor two critical areas:
- Implementation of each action within the action plan. - Assessment and/or perception data used to pinpoint what is working and areas that are not progressing. Data collection should be ongoing, throughout implementation of the plan. Don’t wait until the end of the year. You should check such elements as the targeted population, interventions, timeframe, actions, responsibilities, monitoring, and resources. | <urn:uuid:5891061b-5f8e-4ae4-b159-1e4902f9f076> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.education.ne.gov/ciptoolkit/equity-and-diversity/implementing-the-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.91235 | 811 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Use the data that you collect to make any necessary adjustments to the plan. Step 4: Determine Effectiveness of the interventions
During this step, you’ll take a summative look at whether or not you have achieved your goal(s). This information will help you determine to what extent interventions have contributed to greater equity in student performance. Collection and analysis of critical data requires a systematic approach to determining the results of the change efforts and using the results as a new baseline for continuous improvement in student performance, equity, and diversity. Tasks in the evaluation include:
- Compare the baseline and post-intervention data results. - Display data in graphic format and concise narrative descriptions. - Share results with all stakeholders and document key lessons. Step 5: Recognize Progress and Celebrate Successes
The purpose of evaluating the implementation results is to identify successes as well as areas for improvement. Successes should be celebrated so that all stakeholders recognize progress and see the positive results of their actions. This will increase awareness and understanding of effective strategies and provide encouragement and support for staff and student accomplishments. Step 6: Reassess and Plan Again
As you apply the Continuous Improvement Process to provide an equitable education for students of different socio-economic status, gender, race, ethnicity, language, culture, and abilities, it is critical that you reassess your progress and plan again for new goals. Addressing equity and diversity in student performance can only be assured by continuous planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of results. Setting new goals, based on performance, is the key to achieving continuous improvement. | <urn:uuid:5891061b-5f8e-4ae4-b159-1e4902f9f076> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.education.ne.gov/ciptoolkit/equity-and-diversity/implementing-the-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.91235 | 811 | 3.015625 | 3 |
College & Career Options
Immersing a school in rich career development experiences for a wide variety of career options opens up a world of possibilities for every student. Life-long learning is necessary for long-term career success and is essential for student growth. This growth begins in elementary school and continues throughout adulthood. What do you need to know? Student self-confidence in their abilities to succeed after high school can be encouraged early in their education. By creating a postsecondary going culture, all students will have the necessary vocabulary and skills needed to pursue education and training confidently after high school. Awareness of postsecondary education, training and career options doesn’t just happen, it needs to be integrated into the culture of a school. It takes intentional school-wide planning to develop this culture at every grade level. Through embedding college and career vocabulary, experiences and expectations into every aspect of the school, students see that planning for after high school isn’t just an option but is rather an expectation. The Nebraska Career Development Model provides the framework for school-wide planning. Defining “college and career options to include all varieties of postsecondary education and training” is essential as students begin their career journey. In our current economy, it is important to dispel the myth that everyone must take the same path to career success. All options are a way to learn and gain skills. Different career goals require different preparation. When a student is well versed in career planning, that student can confidently pursue the most appropriate and best-fitting option to their strengths and career goals. All postsecondary options are to be explored, including:
On-the Job Training
Workplace learning experiences bring postsecondary career options to real life. Seeing varieties of workplaces help student’s more fully understand the plethora of options that are available. Career demonstrations, businesses tours, and introductions to entrepreneurs in business start-up environments will provide knowledge of employment, entrepreneurship and opportunities for on-the-job training. U.S. Military has online information on career options and representatives are often willing to visit your school. Starting in elementary grades students start to explore careers in their community. Soon students can begin to see the impact that education has on career preparation. Higher education vocabulary is to be taught at the appropriate developmental level and should begin in kindergarten. | <urn:uuid:076b842a-b970-44e8-814e-0f02d7908ead> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.education.ne.gov/nce/college-career-options/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.953409 | 892 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Learning vocabulary such as transcripts, credits, GPA, tuition, admission, internship, application, certification, diploma, associate degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, doctorate, major and financial aid is the beginning to building awareness about all education and training options. Campus visits are essential in developing knowledge of different career preparation at community colleges, technical colleges and 4- year colleges or universities. In elementary schools, virtual tours are a possibility. At the junior high, college visits make college a reality. EducationQuest offers the 8th Grade Campus Visit Grant, which provides $500 to schools to facilitate a college visit experience. The campus visit is an influential factor in promoting college attendance. A campus visit each year of high school is highly recommended. College and career celebrations build a postsecondary-going culture in all schools. College/Career Days can be celebrated with all faculty and staff sharing their college and career preparation stories. Trivia contests about college knowledge peeks the interest of students, especially when donated prizes from various postsecondary campuses are given away. Teachers wearing college gear and demonstrating career skills learned, helps keep the conversation alive. Signs outside of every teacher’s door, which showcase the degrees earned at each institution, help to bring the postsecondary options and planning conversation into the classroom. EducationQuest, a non-profit organization with a mission to improve access to higher education in Nebraska, offers free college planning services, outreach services, need-based scholarship programs and college access grants. EducationQuest offers a variety of resources to help schools create a college-going culture and educate families about the financial aid process. EducationQuest sponsors the annual Apply2College campaign in which Nebraska high schools conduct events during the school day to help seniors complete college applications. Teaching the four types of financial aid as early as middle school and junior high teaches students the vocabulary needed to navigate scholarship applications and the FAFSA. Students need to learn early about scholarships and the opportunities available to help make college a reality for all students including students with disabilities. | <urn:uuid:076b842a-b970-44e8-814e-0f02d7908ead> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.education.ne.gov/nce/college-career-options/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.953409 | 892 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Reaganomics and Its Effect on Minority Groups
But even more painstakingly, with federal cuts to social programs, the administration was able to afford an extra $206 billion for military expansion. With the promise of increased pay and employment opportunities in the military, a large number of black men enlisted to support their families causing an absence of black fathers in black households and thus compromising the structural fabric of Black American family life by leaving children to be cared for in single family households. According to recent census, minority families are “no better off” than they were in 1980. However, white families gained disposable income after the inflation adjustment, but the disposable income in black families decreased by more than 2 percent. Reagan also falsified many facts in order to justify his budgets cuts to social welfare programs. The most famous occurrence was when he addressed an alleged “welfare queen”. Reagan would often state that this “welfare queen”, whom allegedly resided in Chicago, drove a Cadillac and cheated the government out of $150,000 “using 80 aliases, 30 addresses, a dozen social security cards and four fictional dead husbands”. Reagan’s fictional welfare queen could easily be interpreted as a racially charged comment aimed towards impoverished black women in urban areas who seek financial assistance from the government. Predictably, after extensive searches for this “welfare queen” was conducted by journalists, it was soon | <urn:uuid:a147e3d8-bfdb-44a6-86b3-385c817868da> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.educationindex.com/essay/Reaganomics-and-Its-Effect-on-Minority-Groups-F3PFWR6MEY | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.97317 | 288 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Thomas Edison invented the clear light bulb in 1879. Manufacturers eventually introduced the frosted light bulb. Clear and frosted light bulbs are incandescent light sources that differ only slightly. Clear light bulbs and frosted light bulbs share the same design. Both are made of glass and contain a tungsten filament that glows when heated by electricity, resulting in light. In addition, low- and high-wattage bulbs are available in clear and frosted bulbs. The interior glass of frosted light bulbs contains a substance that coats the glass and diffuses the light. Clear bulbs do not contain any special coatings. Those wanting softer, diffused light use frosted light bulbs. Clear bulbs give light that is brighter and suitable for everyday applications. Inventors created early versions of light bulbs beginning in 1810, all using clear glass with no inside coating. Frosted light bulbs were not available until the 1920s. | <urn:uuid:8d807207-b181-4642-8b36-e05ffeea7f6c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.ehow.com/facts_7454008_clear-vs_-frosted-light-bulbs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.916407 | 192 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Hardness can be defined as a material’s resistance to permanent deformation. In the coatings industry, hardness measurement can be used to determine the resistance of the coating to scratching from general wear and tear and also if a coating is fully cured. Depending on the requirements, there are various methods for testing hardness. Some are dedicated to characterise coatings and others are more suitable for testing bulk materials such as metals, plastics, rubber or elastomers. Scratch Resistance: To assess a coating’s resistance to scratch there are a number of different instruments that can be used: Pencil Hardness Tester (Wolff-Wilborn), Sclerometer, Clemen Apparatus, Scratching and Shearing Instrument. Resistance to Indentation: There are many instruments available to assess the resistance to penetration. For coatings in particular, there are three common methods where the depth of penetration of a weighted tool is used to show the coating’s resistance to penetration: Buchholz Hardness Tester, Barcol Impressor Hardness Testr, Shore Durometer. | <urn:uuid:d8e8e4cb-11dd-4185-af27-35b3f3b20b01> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.elcometer.com/en/industrial-coating-inspection-physical-test-equipment/hardness-scratch.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.896859 | 228 | 3.640625 | 4 |
During soldering, lead fumes are generated, which are toxic. The flux used for soldering also emits fumes, which again are highly toxic if inhaled in excess. So it is always better to remove these toxic fumes from the working area. The circuit described here removes these toxic fumes from the area automatically, when required, using a small exhaust fan. Circuit and working
The circuit diagram of a solder fumes remover is shown in Fig. 1. The circuit is built around popular op-amp CA3130 (IC1), transistors BC547 and BD139 (T1 and T2, respectively), 12V DC small exhaust fan and some easily-available components. CA3130 is an excellent op-amp that requires very low input current. It is a 15MHz BiMOS IC with MOSFET inputs and a bipolar output. MOSFET transistors present in its inputs provide very high input impedance. The input current can be as low as 5 pA. Presence of these PMOS transistors results in a common-mode input voltage down to 0.5 volts below the negative rail. The internal bias of the IC at 5 pA is sufficient for its working, thus external biasing is not required in this case. A heat sink with piezoelectric element PZ1 attached to it is placed on the soldering stand to sense heat from the soldering iron tip. PZ1 is directly connected to the inputs of IC1 as shown in Fig. 1. It generates a small voltage due to its piezoelectric property when stressed by heat. When you are soldering a joint, the soldering iron is away from PZ1. Thus output of IC1 is low, since its inputs are almost balanced. So transistor T1 does not conduct, but transistor T2 conducts and switches on the exhaust fan to remove the fumes generated during soldering. After soldering, when you keep the soldering iron back into the soldering stand, the heat from the soldering tip creates stress on the piezoelectric element. This generates around one volt, which upsets the input balance and the output turns high. So transistor T1 conducts and T2 stops conducting, and the fan also stops. Preset VR1 is used for the offset null adjustment of IC1. Capacitor C1 is added as a buffer so that T1 remains on even if the output of IC1 turns low momentarily. Capacitor C1 discharges through resistor R1 when the output of IC1 goes low. Working of the circuit is simple. | <urn:uuid:1c4547b6-1c9b-406b-9bcb-ab58b0233ffc> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.electronicsforu.com/electronics-projects/solder-fumes-remover | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.899144 | 760 | 3.09375 | 3 |
During soldering, the exhaust fan runs, but it stops when you keep the soldering iron back on the soldering stand. Download PCB and component layout PDFs: click here
Construction and testing
An actual-size, single-side PCB for the solder fumes remover is shown in Fig. 3 and its component layout in Fig. 4. After assembling the circuit on PCB, enclose it in a suitable plastic case. The fan should be fixed so as to work like an exhaust fan. Connect the piezoelectric element to the circuit using thin wires and glue it on the heat sink. Heat sink with the piezoelectric element should be fixed on the soldering iron stand such that the tip of the iron almost touches the heat sink assembly. Verify the correct power supply for the circuit at TP1 with respect to TP0. Verify the logic level at TP2 corresponding to the position of the soldering iron. The author is an associate professor at Government College for Women, Thiruvanthapuram, Kerala. He is a regular contributor to EFY | <urn:uuid:1c4547b6-1c9b-406b-9bcb-ab58b0233ffc> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.electronicsforu.com/electronics-projects/solder-fumes-remover | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.899144 | 760 | 3.09375 | 3 |
The tools required to meet the decarbonisation goals of the Paris Agreement exist today, and are technically feasible and economically attractive. This central message is being presented by International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) at the underway United Nation’s Climate Summit in Abu Dhabi. The agency highlights that falling technology costs have made solar, wind and other renewables the competitive backbone of energy decarbonisation and the most effective climate action tool available. “Renewable energy delivers jobs, delivers on sustainable economic development and will deliver a viable climate solution. It is the competitive backbone of global energy decarbonisation and an essential and ready instrument to achieve the Paris Agreement goals,” said Francesco La Camera, IRENA Director-General. To meet climate goals however, deployment needs to happen six times faster than it is today. IRENA estimates that keeping global average temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius by 2050, means two-thirds of the world’s energy should be renewable. More ambition needed
A clear opportunity lies in increasing ambition under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), a framework for co-ordinated climate action under the Paris Agreement. Currently NDCs would increase installed renewable power capacity by 3.6% annually to 2030, yet annual renewable energy deployment has actually increased by 8.5% over 2015-2018. NDC targets could already more than double just by reflecting the current pace of renewable energy deployment. In addition to climate benefits, IRENA analysis suggests that the cumulative payoff by 2050 of increased renewables deployment, in economic terms, would be a 2.5% GDP boost —between $65 trillion and $160 trillion— and up to 31 million additional renewable energy sector jobs. | <urn:uuid:f8ab8f65-ecd0-4921-a160-c735668eb465> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/renewable-energy/decarbonisation-tools-to-meet-goals-already-exit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.917083 | 352 | 2.796875 | 3 |
What We Can Learn From Singapore's COVID-19 Containment Response in Primary Care
Singapore, a global hub for international travel and business, was among the first countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. With its first confirmed COVID-19 case on January 23, 2020, the country mounted aggressive public health and containment measures. The country's network of primary care clinics were at the front lines of these measures. In this new report, those physicians share their triage, containment and infection control measures--including protocols they put in place to ensure the safety of health care workers. At the time of writing the report, zero health care workers within their primary care network were infected with COVID-19. The authors describe the framework for how their primary care clinics responded to this pandemic in the hope others may find solutions to their unique needs." COVID-19: Notes From the Front Line, Singapore's Primary Health Care Perspective
Wei Han Lim, MBBS, et al
Raffles Medical Group, Department of Primary Care, Singapore
Opportunities for Human Connectedness in "Physically Distant" Care
Relationships between patients and clinicians matter, even in telehealth visits. A new article explores how clinicians can invest in relationships during a variety of visit types, from short-term telehealth, urgent care, and emergency department visits to ongoing visits for well care and chronic disease management. In a telehealth visit, for example, clinicians can invest in the relationship by giving "full attention to [the] patient via the screen, or allowing no visual if that's what the patient wants." In a more in-depth chronic disease management visit, clinicians can consider the illness context and the patient's life story in order to help the patient identify personal and community resources for managing their condition. As patients are more often treated by health care teams, and with the emergence of telemedicine, virtual visits are becoming more common--often with health care providers who do not know the patient or their health history. Investing in relationships in all types of visits can personalize the experience for both patients and providers and may also result in more efficient, less costly care. The authors conclude, "what we need in a pandemic is not social distancing, but physical distancing with social connectedness." | <urn:uuid:010c6ad8-8b49-4317-8441-033885bb5bdb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/aaof-m2a051220.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.934363 | 3,581 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Physical Distancing With Social Connectedness
Kurt C. Stange, MD, PhD, et al
School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Lung Cancer Screenings Study Shows Low Complication Rates With the Support of a Coordinated Multidisciplinary Care Team
The benefits of routine lung cancer screenings have been hotly debated in the medical community. After reviewing a national trial published in 2011, the US Preventive Services Task Force introduced a recommendation for systematic low-dose CT lung cancer screenings for people at high risk. At the time, some leaders in the primary care community were not convinced that there was strong enough evidence in the initial trial to support routine screening. A new lung cancer screening cohort study conducted at a large integrated health system suggests that lung cancer screening in primary care is feasible. The study demonstrated low adverse event rates, and 70 percent of diagnosed lung cancer cases were detected at early stages in their development. "Screening can be highly beneficial but can also create an illusion of benefits even when causing a net harm," notes Mayo Clinic clinical epidemiologist Chyke A. Doubeni and colleagues, in an editorial response to the Handy et al study. The "window of net benefit" depends on a number of factors in the screening and treatment process, including "quality of CT images and quality of interpretation, disease prevalence in the population, patient health status, and the timeliness, safety, and effectiveness of treatment for abnormal screening results." Still, the authors write, "Family medicine is critical for increasing the reach of lung cancer screenings," and primary care is an "ideal setting to improve access to screenings, particularly for underserved populations." Therefore, family physicians should be engaged and equipped with guidance on best practices in lung cancer screenings and referrals. Results of Lung Cancer Screening in the Community
John R. Handy, Jr, MD, HonD, et al
Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon
Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines Implementation in Primary Care: A Call to Action
Chyke A. Doubeni, MD, MPH, et al
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
A Hidden History of Artificial Intelligence in Primary Care
Artificial intelligence methods are being utilized in radiology, cardiology and other medical specialty fields to quickly and accurately process large quantities of health data to improve the diagnostic and treatment power of health care teams. | <urn:uuid:010c6ad8-8b49-4317-8441-033885bb5bdb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/aaof-m2a051220.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.934363 | 3,581 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Compared to other medical specialty fields, primary care physicians deal with a very broad spectrum of illnesses, taking a person-centric approach to care, with fewer diagnostic instruments or tests available. The nature of primary care may pose unique challenges to the meaningful application of AI. A comprehensive review of 405 studies led by researchers at Western University in Ontario shows that work on AI for primary care is at an early stage of maturity. The scoping review summarizes major trends in primary care AI. "For the field to mature," the authors note, "value must be placed both on developing rigorous [AI] and on identifying potential impacts...on care delivery and longer-term health outcomes." "Changing primary care is difficult when only one out of every seven of these papers includes a primary care author," says Winston Liaw, MD MPH and Ioannis A. Kakadiaris, PhD, in an accompanying editorial. "Without input from primary care, these teams may fail to grasp the context of primary care data collection, its role within the health system, and the forces shaping its evolution." Liaw and Kakadiaris lay out seven challenges that primary care AI teams must address in order to move AI forward. Artificial Intelligence and Primary Care Research: A Scoping Review
Jacqueline K. Kueper, MSc, et al
Western University, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
Primary Care Artificial Intelligence: A Branch Hiding in Plain Sight
Winston Liaw, MD, MPH, et al
University of Houston College of Medicine, Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, Houston, Texas
#ThisIsOurLane: How Physicians Can Take Action to Reduce Gun Violence
As strategies to curb gun violence at the federal level have stalled, leaders in primary care and health policy have identified the role doctors can play in national gun safety efforts and the prevention of firearm suicide. In this pair of recommendation papers, clinicians place themselves at the front lines of this public health issue and offer a call to action for the medical community. Both papers lay out a grassroots course of action to help physicians engage with their patients and policy makers. Thomas M. Wickizer and colleagues at the Ohio State University focus on the issue of firearm suicide and how improvements in primary care health screening could enhance physicians' ability to identify patients most at risk. | <urn:uuid:010c6ad8-8b49-4317-8441-033885bb5bdb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/aaof-m2a051220.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.934363 | 3,581 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Adding firearm safety questions to mental health screening could make firearm safety a more routine part of primary care. The authors also call on collective advocacy for policy change, recognizing the role that physician organizations have historically played in bringing about state-level drunk driving laws and regulation of tobacco advertising. In the wake of gun violence tragedies, physicians have mobilized on social media, using #ThisIsOurLane. The authors believe the medical community can harness the momentum of their online conversations to collectively influence the political discourse on firearms. Amy Lynn McGuire and colleagues at the Baylor College of Medicine and the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, identify barriers that doctors face in addressing the issue of gun safety and violence with patients. State-level legislation has attempted to prohibit physicians from inquiring about a patient's firearm ownership, resulting in long lasting fears of a "gag order" heightening physicians' concerns over potential liability. Additionally, physicians may be concerned that discussing firearm safety could break the trust they establish in the doctor-patient relationship. The authors advocate that discussions about gun safety and violence become a standard component of routine clinical care to step up the effort to protect public safety and improve public health. The Firearm Suicide Crisis: Physicians Can Make a Difference
Thomas M. Wickizer, PhD, MPH, et al
The Ohio State University, College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
Physician Involvement in Promoting Gun Safety
Amy Lynn McGuire, JD, PhD, et al
Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Houston, Texas
Trouble Getting a Doctor's Appointment May Drive Medicaid Enrollees to Opt for the ER
The expansion of Medi-Cal, California's Medicaid program, gave millions of low-income Californians access to health insurance, but this study conducted in Northern California found that new patients may have to wait up up to a month for an appointment with a participating primary care provider, depending on their county of residence. It is not uncommon for Medi-Cal enrollees to visit emergency rooms if they require more immediate care. This study looks at the variation between contiguous counties in the availability of new patient primary care appointments for Medi-Cal enrollees and at the correlation between primary care access and rates of Medi-Cal patients' emergency room usage. Researchers found that counties where it was more difficult to schedule new patient primary care appointments had higher rates of emergency room usage by Medi-Cal patients. | <urn:uuid:010c6ad8-8b49-4317-8441-033885bb5bdb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/aaof-m2a051220.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.934363 | 3,581 | 2.515625 | 3 |
This places a greater strain on already overburdened emergency departments and drives up health care costs overall. How California's challenges compare with those faced by other states that have expanded Medicaid eligibility under the Affordable Care Act is unclear, though the data suggest that "adequate access to primary care will begin to improve health outcomes and control costs among beneficiaries of Medicaid expansion." Primary Care Access to New Patient Appointments for California Medicaid Enrollees: A Simulated Patient Study
Joy Melnikow, MD, MPH, et al
University of California, Davis, Center for Healthcare for Policy and Research, Sacramento, California
Arthritis Clinical Trial Shows Support for Dextrose Injection to Alleviate Knee Pain
A randomized controlled trial conducted by a research team at a primary care clinic at the Chinese University of Hong Kong indicates that intra-articular-only injection therapy with hypertonic dextrose is safe and effective for alleviating symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Over 52 weeks of treatment, the study followed 76 patients who were between 45 and 75 years old who had been diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis and who suffered moderate to severe chronic knee pain for at least three months. One group of 38 patients received the hypertonic dextrose injection therapy, while the other had the same therapy only using normal saline. While both groups reported some improvement, the hypertonic dextrose group reported more significant reductions in pain by the conclusion of the study. The researchers note that longer-term follow-up, direct comparison with other injection therapies, and cost-effective analysis are all needed. Efficacy of Intra-Articular Hypertonic Dextrose (Prolotherapy) for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Regina Wing Shan Sit, MBBS, et al
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Hong Kong
After Cancer: The Role of Primary Care in Cancer Survivorship Care
Primary care physicians are treating an increasing number of cancer survivors, yet they have no clear guidance on how best to care for such patients. This study considers how primary care physicians perceive their role in delivering care to cancer survivors. The researchers conducted interviews with 38 primary care clinicians and collected data on the 14 practices in which they worked. While most felt cancer survivor care was within their purview, their approaches toward treating cancer survivors varied widely. More broadly, this study brings into question the role of primary care in addressing the complex needs of cancer survivors. | <urn:uuid:010c6ad8-8b49-4317-8441-033885bb5bdb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/aaof-m2a051220.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.934363 | 3,581 | 2.515625 | 3 |
August 24, 2020, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Residing at higher altitude is associated with greater rates of stunting, even for children living in "ideal-home environments" according to a new study from researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Addis Ababa University. The study provides new insight in the relationship between altitude and undernutrition and the additional efforts needed to ensure policy interventions are appropriately tailored to high altitude contexts. "More than 800 million people live at 1,500 meters above sea level or higher, with two-thirds of them in Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. These two regions host most of the world's stunted children so it is important to understand the role that altitude plays in growth" said IFPRI Senior Research Fellow and co-author of the study, Kalle Hirvonen. "If children living at altitude are, on average, more stunted than their peers at sea level, then a more significant effort to address high altitude stunting is needed." The study, "Evaluation of Linear Growth at Higher Altitudes," co-authored by Hirvonen and Addis Ababa University Associate Professor Kaleab Baye, was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), Pediatrics. The study analyzed height-for-age data of more than 950,000 children from 59 countries. The data were compiled through the Advancing Research on Nutrition and Agriculture (AReNA) project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Children were classified as having lived in an ideal-home environment if they were born to highly educated mothers, had good health-service coverage and high living conditions. Global tracking of growth rates relies on the assumption that children living in such environments have the same growth potential, irrespective of genetic makeup or geographic location. "The data clearly indicated that those residing in ideal-home environments grew at the same rate as the median child in the growth standard developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), but only until about 500 meters above sea level (masl). After 500 masl, average child height-for-age significantly deviated from the growth curve of the median child in the reference population", said Hirvonen. The research further shows that these estimated growth deficits are unlikely to be due to common risk factors such as poor diet and disease. The study suggests that the effects of altitude were most pronounced during the perinatal period i.e., the time leading up to, and immediately after, the birth. | <urn:uuid:6c5edd00-4baa-4415-a3d0-ae08349ea9fb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-08/ifpr-lah082420.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.951615 | 913 | 3.21875 | 3 |
"Pregnancies at high-altitudes are characterized by chronic hypoxia, or an inadequate supply of oxygen, which is consistently associated with a higher risk of fetal growth restriction. Restricted growth in the womb is in turn a leading risk factor for linear growth faltering" said Hirvonen. There is some evidence to suggest that residing at high altitude over multiple generations may lead to some genetic adaption, but these findings did not hold for women with only a few generations of high-altitude ancestry. "Women of high-altitude ancestry were able to partially cope with the hypoxic conditions through increased uterine artery blood flow during pregnancy, but it may take more than a century before such adaptions are developed", said Baye. Hirvonen and Baye conclude that the WHO growth standards for children should not be adjusted because growth faltering at high altitudes is unlikely to be the result of physiological adaptations. Instead, they call for greater attention and health-care guidance for managing pregnancies in high-altitude settings. "A first step is to unravel the complex relationship linking altitude, hypoxia and fetal growth to identify effective interventions. Failing to address altitude-mediated growth deficits urgently can fail a significant proportion of the world population from meeting the Sustainable Development Goals and World Health Assembly nutrition targets" said Baye. Click to access the full study: "Evaluation of Linear Growth at Higher Altitudes," https:/
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. IFPRI was established in 1975 to identify and analyze alternative national and international strategies and policies for meeting the food needs of the developing world, with particular emphasis on low-income countries and on the poorer groups in those countries. It is a research center of CGIAR, a worldwide partnership engaged in agricultural research for development. Visit http://www. | <urn:uuid:6c5edd00-4baa-4415-a3d0-ae08349ea9fb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-08/ifpr-lah082420.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.951615 | 913 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Under global warming, the frequent occurrence of summer heatwaves has exerted an increasing impact on human health and public infrastructure. For example, Europe experienced a severe heatwave in 2003 with more than 70 000 heat-related casualties. Western Russia was struck by its hottest summer on record in 2010, leading to the deaths of around 55 000 people. Record-breaking heatwaves have also been frequently reported in populous countries of East Asia, such as the Northeast Asian heatwave in 2018 and the heatwave in Japan this summer. In China, the Yangtze River basin is one of the most densely populated and economically important regions in China, and a region where heatwaves have a high probability to occur. Summertime heatwaves in this region have caused tremendous economic losses in recent years. Therefore, extending the forecast lead times and increasing the prediction skill for heatwaves over the Yangtze River basin is key for disaster prevention and mitigation. In a recently published study in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Prof. Pang-Chi Hsu and her team from Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology evaluate the subseasonal prediction skill of heatwaves in the Yangtze River basin and identify the crucial processes influencing the prediction skill using the long-term hindcast data from three operational models. "We compare three models developed respectively by the China Meteorological Administration, the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts," explains Prof. Hsu. "These models all participated in the Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction project." Her team found that the superior skill of these operational models in predicting the occurrence, intensity and duration of heatwaves can be attributed to their fidelity in capturing the phase evolution and amplitude of high-pressure anomalies associated with the intraseasonal oscillation and the dryness of soil moisture induced by less precipitation via the land-atmosphere coupling. Furthermore, the team found that the capability of the models in predicting heatwave occurrence at a longer lead time (15-20 days in advance) is closely related to their fidelity in capturing the evolution and amplitude of 30-90-day intraseasonal circulation rather than the 10-30-day intraseasonal circulation. The biases of intraseasonal circulation anomalies further affect precipitation anomalies and thus soil moisture conditions, affecting the prediction skill for heatwave intensity and duration. | <urn:uuid:96eca34a-b353-4056-b628-610f1e101f37> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-10/ioap-lft100520.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.927222 | 562 | 3.25 | 3 |
Department of Primatology
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6
phone: +49 (0)341 3550 - 200
fax: +49 (0)341 3550 - 299
The majority of our research activities are conducted in the field observing wild primate populations in their natural environment, mainly African great apes. Research activities inevitably add an artificial component to the lives of the animals under study and may have consequences that are not always easy to predict. We thus acknowledge that our research presence has an impact on wild populations and the following measures are undertaken to minimize our impact on the well being of the animals we work with. Genetic, hormonal, behavioural and immunological sampling
As a rule, we will limit our sampling on wild apes and other primates to be done non-invasively without touching, trapping or tagging the animals. The following materials can be collected without directly contacting the animals under study: faeces, shed hairs, urine, semen, discarded food items. We may occasionally obtain sample materials, such as DNAs, from researchers who have collected samples using invasive methods. For example, blood samples may be taken during necessary veterinary treatment of mountain gorillas, and these samples may be useful for genetic analyses. As another example, researchers studying baboons may dart and temporarily immobilize animals in order to take blood samples and conduct phenotypic assessments, and we may use portions of these blood samples or products derived from them. In all such cases of invasive sampling, care should be taken to confirm that the sampling work was done in accordance with approved protocols and that the sampling caused only transient discomfort or social disturbance. Blood or tissue samples may also be obtained from zoo or sanctuary animals during routine medical checkups. Provided that the sampling protocol follows the guidelines described by the respective zoological society and the governmental authority, such samples may also be used for genetic or physiologic studies. Tissue samples may be obtained from corpses of wild animals during necropsies. Because of the risk of disease transmission such samples should only be taken by trained professionals. In all cases, sampling must be done with the full permission of local park and government authorities under the guidelines of the host country. Habituating new groups
Habituation is an invasive process into the natural behaviour of wild animals. However it is assumed that most of the behavioural alterations observed in the initial phase are reversible. | <urn:uuid:464e9dcd-ba42-4682-9029-5961a19e4b77> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.eva.mpg.de/primat/ethical-guidelines.html?Fsize=0%252C%2B%40%2F%27A%3D0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.926986 | 1,038 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Nevertheless, habituation represents additional risks for the animals since it makes them more vulnerable to poaching, induces physical and psychological stress, and exposes them to zoonotic disease transmission due to increased close contact with humans. Thus, habituation is carried out as follows:
Experiments in the field
Experiments in the field with wild animals could be done provided:
Disease transmission to wild populations
Observations of wild populations may increase the risk of disease transmission. In order to minimize that risk all our field projects have developed site-specific hygiene and research rules which can be found below under ‘Field site-specific regulations’. In general, research staff should:
With respect to emergency situations (e.g. disease outbreak) which concern the health and well-being of an individual, social group or population under study, we limit our veterinary intervention to anthropogenically induced injury or illness. This may also include vaccinating wild individuals if deemed necessary by government officials and/or field site directors with the aid of veterinary specialists. Establishment and maintenance of field sites
We recognize that the creation of field sites has a long-term impact on the surrounding forest and ecosystem. To minimize this we take the following measures:
Involvement of local people
Research projects should include members of the local population. This includes:
|Conservation of endangered populations|
Researchers are encouraged, when possible, to contribute actively to the conservation of the species they study by:
We would also refer those interested to a publication from our department showing empirical evidence for long-term research presence contributing to the conservation of chimpanzees, as well as other wildlife, in a national park (http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/03/24/rsbl.2011.0155)
Field site specific regulations
Links to field guidelines for each field site. *Please note, ethics clearance for research directly involving human subjects is requested formally from established committees of relevant institutions. All research activities undertaken by members of the MPI-EVA primatology department are regulated by German and EU laws and attempt to adhere to the above guidelines. In addition, our joint research project collaborations are conducted with organizations who also take into consideration our ethics guidelines. However, we recognize that the above list is not exhaustive of all our research activities, actual or potential, and as such novel situations are always reviewed in a case by case basis. Adopted by the senate of the Max Planck Society on November 24, 2000, amended on March 20, 2009: http://www.mpg.de/197494/rulesScientificPractice.pdf | <urn:uuid:464e9dcd-ba42-4682-9029-5961a19e4b77> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.eva.mpg.de/primat/ethical-guidelines.html?Fsize=0%252C%2B%40%2F%27A%3D0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.926986 | 1,038 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Looking for different ways to recognise progress? Find out how we can help you support students whose progress doesn’t fit standard models. Narrative assessment is becoming increasingly used with special needs students to assess important moments of achievement, with what teachers describe as a remarkable effect on learning. It can also be used to recognise progress in areas such as inquiry or play-based learning, where conventional assessment tools may not be appropriate. Narrative assessment is an approach to assessing and describing a student’s learning that allows a far richer depiction of that learning than is possible through more traditional criterion-referenced assessment. It compels the assessor to know the learner. It requires the assessor to notice, respond to, extend, reflect upon and communicate about important learning in which the student engages that can easily be overlooked by more conventional modes of assessment. It also requires careful response to and reflection on the teaching strategies. We can support schools through seminars, coaching and modelling to become skilled in all aspects of narrative assessment. Why work with us? We are responsive to your needsWith you, we'll design support that's just right for you - it might include in-class coaching, staff meetings, teacher only days, online support. Our facilitators are comfortable in any teaching space, modelling the strategies for narrative assessment and supporting teachers to write learning narratives for their students. Coaching for leaders and teachersOur consultants are experienced coaches. They can meet virtually or face-to-face as regularly as you need them. Ongoing evaluationMoney for PLD is a precious resource - you need to know you're getting your money's worth! We set up processes for ongoing PLD evaluation, so we can keep steering in the right direction. | <urn:uuid:ceb90c8b-44d4-47eb-9acd-2e229dd55e33> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.evaluate.co.nz/services/narrative-assessment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.955309 | 357 | 2.875 | 3 |
Surveys by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) show that there are some 6.3 million people in Afghanistan in need of humanitarian assistance in 2019. The causes of this precarious situation include armed conflict and recurring natural disasters, such as last year’s dramatic drought crisis. These factors result in large-scale displacement within Afghanistan, to its neighbouring countries Iran and Pakistan, and beyond. UNOCHA estimates that around 900,000 people in Afghanistan will be affected by internal displacement in 2019. Between January and October 2018 alone, around 551,000 people, of whom more than half are children, were displaced within the country. The provision of basic services and supplies to internally displaced persons is often significantly worse than among the local population, and in some cases results in conflicts between the host communities and displaced persons. At the same time, refugees returning from other countries also need support. The number of people returning from Iran is on the rise due to economic problems in the country. From January until October 2018 there were 670,000 returnees from Iran – a higher figure than the whole of the previous year. UNOCHA predicts that returnees from Iran and Pakistan will number around 575,000 and 40,000 respectively in 2019. These individuals often have no means of securing their livelihood or that of their families and rely on humanitarian assistance. The German government is therefore providing targeted support to internally displaced persons and returnees through humanitarian assistance measures that focus on food, drinking water supply, waste water disposal and healthcare. Germany is also involved in disaster risk management that aims to reduce the impact of recurring humanitarian disasters. In addition, Afghanistan is among the most mine-affected countries in the world. According to the country’s Directorate of Mine Action Coordination (DMAC), hundreds of square kilometres of land have become contaminated with mines and other explosives as a result of armed conflict in recent years. Improvised landmines and booby traps present a particular problem, with the latter being deployed deliberately against the returning population and occurring frequently in private dwellings and on agricultural land. The German government therefore supports landmine and weapon clearance projects and projects that provide care to victims of landmines and booby traps. For further information about our work in the area of humanitarian assistance, please see the ‘Stories’ section and the project descriptions. | <urn:uuid:1c60909b-62c5-481f-afa4-7cb8a5c91f3f> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.ez-afghanistan.de/en/priority/humanitarian-assistance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.957038 | 483 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Researchers in Brazil have found using green banana flour to make pasta is appealing to all consumers, but especially those with celiac disease
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – Researchers at the University of Brazil have stumbled upon an ingredient that may give people with celiac disease more options. Science Daily.com reports that the researchers developed a gluten-free pasta product from green banana flour, and discovered that tasters found it more acceptable than regular whole-wheat pasta. The pasta product also has less fat and is cheaper to produce than standard pastas. Their research was published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The lead investigator, Renata Puppin Zandonadi, PhD, says there was no significant difference between the modified pasta and standard samples in terms of appearance, aroma, flavour, and overall quality. She went onto say that, “Green bananas are considered a sub-product of low commercial value with little industrial use. For banana growers and pasta product makers, there is the possibility of diversifying and expanding their markets.”
Researchers compared a standard whole-wheat pasta preparation made from whole-wheat flour and whole eggs with one made from green banana flour, egg whites, water and gums, reports Science Daily.com. Better sensory characteristics
The alterations reduced the fat content and increased the protein value of the modified pasta, which is important because gluten removal typically reduces some proteins responsible for some sensory characteristics of pasta products. The egg whites and gum result in pasta that is less sticky than typical gluten-free pastas and promote firmness, elasticity, moisture and uniformity. The modified pasta decreased fat content by more than 98 per cent. This reduction is particularly important to patients with celiac disease, because many gluten-free products compensate for the removal of gluten with high levels of lipid content. Tasty enough for a wider market
Fifty testers who did not have celiac disease and 25 celiac disease patients compared the pastas. In both groups, the modified pasta was better accepted than the standard in aroma, flavour, texture, and overall quality, indicating that the product can possibly be commercialized to a wider market than just those with celiac disease. The modified pasta had a high quantity of resistant starch, which may help control glycemic indexes, cholesterol, intestinal regularity, and fermentation by intestinal bacteria. | <urn:uuid:8d672d34-9f20-49d8-bdca-0c3287113efb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.foodincanada.com/research-and-development/scientists-formulate-gluten-free-pasta-with-green-banana-flour-68905/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.94002 | 613 | 2.640625 | 3 |
“Considering that untreated celiac disease promotes cancer in intestinal cells and a highly inflammatory mucosal status, developing gluten-free products with bioactive compounds such as the ones present in green banana flour is important for celiac disease patients,” says Zandonadi. “Patients will benefit from ingesting a product with a better nutritional profile made from an ingredient that is produced and consumed throughout the world.”
A Must Read for all food & beverages industry personnel
Canada’s national food & beverage processing authority
Serving the Canadian food & beverage processing industry for over 80 years! FREE to qualified industry professionals | <urn:uuid:8d672d34-9f20-49d8-bdca-0c3287113efb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.foodincanada.com/research-and-development/scientists-formulate-gluten-free-pasta-with-green-banana-flour-68905/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.94002 | 613 | 2.640625 | 3 |
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Everybody wants to do something about nuclear waste. Nuclear plant operators and most House members want to bury it in Nevada. A bipartisan group of senators wants states to compete for it. And Bill Gates and other entrepreneurs want to reuse it as fuel in next generation reactors. Almost everybody is wrong to do so. Nuclear waste has never been a real problem. In fact, it’s the best solution to the environmental impacts from energy production. - Every year, the lives of seven million people are cut short by waste products in the form of air pollution from burning biomass and fossil fuels;
- No nation in the world has a serious plan to prevent toxic solar panel and wind turbine waste from entering the global electronic waste stream;
- No way of making electricity other than nuclear power safely manages and pays for any its waste. In other words, nuclear power’s waste by-products aren‘t a mark against the technology, they are its key selling point. By contrast, it is precisely those efforts to “solve” the nuclear waste non-problem that are creating real world problems. Such efforts are expensive, unnecessary, and — because they fuel support for non-nuclear energies that produce huge quantities of uncontained waste — dangerous. Your Concerns About Nuclear Waste Are Ridiculous
What is usually referred to as nuclear waste is used nuclear fuel in the shape of rods about 12 feet long. For four and a half years, the uranium atoms that comprise the fuel rods are split apart to give off the heat that turns water into steam to spin turbines to make electricity. After that, nuclear plant workers move the used fuel rods into pools of water to cool. Four to six years later, nuclear plant workers move the used fuel rods into 15-foot tall canisters known as “dry casks” that weigh 100 tons or more. These cans of used fuel sit undramatically on an area about the size of a basketball court. Thanks to “The Simpsons,” people tend to think nuclear waste is fluorescent green or even liquid. It’s not. It is boring gray metal. How much is there? If all the nuclear waste from U.S. power plants were put on a football field, it would stack up just 50 feet high. | <urn:uuid:a885112c-6071-42be-84d5-f1731a86ab99> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelshellenberger/2018/06/19/stop-letting-your-ridiculous-fears-of-nuclear-waste-kill-the-planet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.942851 | 1,930 | 3.015625 | 3 |
In comparison to the waste produced by every other kind of electricity production, that quantity is close to zero. Our paranoia about nuclear waste isn’t natural. There’s nothing in our evolutionary past that would lead us to fear drab cans of metal. Rather, for 50 years there has been a well-financed, psychologically sophisticated, and coordinated effort to frighten the public:
- Starting in the early 1960s, anti-nuclear leaders including Ralph Nader and Jane Fonda targeted women and mothers with pseudoscientific claims about the supposedly harmful impact of nuclear plants and their waste;
- Today, anti-nuclear journalists like Fred Pearce mislead the public into believing that the dangerous waste from atomic weapons production at places like the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in the state of Washington is the same as the old fuel rods from power plants;
- Anti-nuclear groups like Greenpeace and the Union of Concerned Scientists claim that nuclear waste could somehow be stolen or used by terrorists and turned into bombs. To appreciate just how ridiculous the latter idea is, imagine, for a moment, that you are an elite terrorist commando like the kind depicted in “Mission Impossible” or a James Bond flick. First, you must break into a nuclear plant, which is guarded by heavily armed security guards who are often — at least in the U.S. — former special forces officers. Next, you must kill, incarcerate, or otherwise incapacitate the 700 to 1,000 people who work at the plant. After that you’re going to need to quickly hoist a can of old nuclear fuel onto the back of a truck. It can’t be a pick-up truck, which would be crushed under its weight. It will have to be an industrial-sized truck capable of hauling over 100 tons. Next, you have to escape. This will require driving for hours on freeways while escaping law enforcement officers who will inevitably be scrambled in response to your plant invasion. But all of that’s just the beginning. In order to turn the nuclear waste into a nuclear bomb, you’ll need to reprocess it in a highly specialized facility, preferably underground, so as to not be detected. | <urn:uuid:a885112c-6071-42be-84d5-f1731a86ab99> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelshellenberger/2018/06/19/stop-letting-your-ridiculous-fears-of-nuclear-waste-kill-the-planet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.942851 | 1,930 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Inside your mountain lair, which you spent months constructing without anyone noticing, you'll use a crane to pull the heavy metal rods out of the cans and reprocess them for so long that…
Well, at this point, even Michael Bay would say the scenario was too unrealistic. What about a “dirty bomb”? Couldn’t a terrorist break into the plant and pull some nuclear waste out of a can and attach it to a homemade explosive? But why would any terrorist do this? Any terrorist who wants to make a dirty bomb could just just break into the local hospital where radioactive waste (from x-rays and other medical devices) is available at far lower levels of security. Save The Nukes, Don’t Move The Waste
After 60 years of civilian nuclear power we can finally declare that the top prize in the contest to safely and cheaply contain used nuclear fuel rods goes to... the cans the rods are currently stored in! How do we know the cans are the best solution? Because they have proven 100 percent effective. The used nuclear fuel rods stored in cans have never hurt a fly much less killed a person. By contrast, transporting cans of used nuclear waste would increase the threat to the continued operation of our life-saving nuclear plants. Anti-nuclear groups like Greenpeace and their PR agents have long planned a campaign of harassment and fear-mongering which would result in more unnecessary and expensive security guards. Congress has repeatedly tried and failed to move the nuclear waste. Why, after $15 billion and 35 years of effort, are the cans still on-site? Because of fears that the cans would... leak, or “spill,” or be stolen by ISIS. Or something. Nobody’s quite sure. Trying to solve this non-problem would cost an astonishing $65 billion, according to the NRC — an amount that doesn’t include the additional half billion more to operate the facility annually, or the quarter-billion more for monitoring after filling it up with spent fuel. By contrast, each canister costs just $500,000 to $1 million — a pittance for a plant that needs a few dozen maximum. But how long will the canisters last? ”I have a difficult time imagining any reason why the [current waste can storage] system cannot work for decades to centuries,” wrote the dean of nuclear energy bloggers, Rod Adams, in 2005. | <urn:uuid:a885112c-6071-42be-84d5-f1731a86ab99> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelshellenberger/2018/06/19/stop-letting-your-ridiculous-fears-of-nuclear-waste-kill-the-planet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.942851 | 1,930 | 3.015625 | 3 |
[T]he space taken up by [waste cans from] even a 60 year plant life is less than is needed for a Wal-Mart — even without any efforts to efficiently stack the containers. All of the plants in the US have dozens to hundreds of acres of available free space. The size of the work force needed to monitor this storage area is rather small; they provide security and occasional inspections of the containers but have few additional duties. By letting go of our nutty fears of nuclear waste we can save nuclear power. America’s nuclear waste fund — which is comprised of money paid into it by the operators of nuclear plants — still has $46 billion in it. It should be used to subsidize the continued operation of economically distressed nuclear plants, and subsidize the building of new ones. If such a fund paid out five percent interest per year — an amount the IRS requires philanthropic foundations to give away annually — then $2.3 billion could flow to the distressed or new nuclear plants. That amount would be enough to keep uneconomical nuclear plants operating while creating an incentive to build new reactors. (When spread across the 200 terawatt-hours of energy produced by the quarter of U.S. nuclear plants in the U.S. fleet Bloomberg says are in danger of closure, $2.3 billion would provide a stipend of $11.50/MWh, enough to keep the plants alive.) A change in our view of nuclear waste must come alongside a changed view of nuclear plants generally. We need to stop seeing nuclear plants as temporary fixtures and start seeing them as the permanent backbone to our future clean energy system
Nuclear plants are functionally immortal. Existing plants can operate for 60, 80, 100 years or longer because everything inside the plant from the control panels to the steam generators and even the reactor vessel itself can be replaced, if needed. Will the cans of old nuclear fuel stick around forever? Probably not. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, new nuclear plants — like the kind being developed by Bill Gates — will likely be able to use the so-called “waste” as fuel. But achieving that future will first require that we abandon our ridiculous fears and start seeing nuclear waste as the environmental blessing that it is. | <urn:uuid:a885112c-6071-42be-84d5-f1731a86ab99> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelshellenberger/2018/06/19/stop-letting-your-ridiculous-fears-of-nuclear-waste-kill-the-planet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.942851 | 1,930 | 3.015625 | 3 |
A new study breaks down, in detail, where the many proteins in saliva originate. The paper in Cell Reports traces these vital proteins back to their source, showing which proteins are produced by each of the three major types of human salivary glands, and showing how individual cells within a single gland can secrete different proteins. The project also identifies proteins in the mouth that seem to be coming from outside of salivary glands, from places such as epithelial tissues or blood plasma. “Saliva is important for tasting, for digesting, for swallowing, for defending us from the pathogens that we are constantly inhaling and consuming. The proteins in our mouth form an army, if you will, that’s working constantly to protect us,” says Omer Gokcumen, associate professor of biological sciences at the University at Buffalo. “Before this, scientists had an idea of the proteins that are found in the mouth, but we didn’t have a complete picture of where they were coming from. We’re addressing this gap.”
“Salivary proteins are a gateway to our body.”
“From a biomedical perspective, our research opens the door for further studies into the functions of saliva and salivary glands, and the use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid. Our study takes a snapshot of how healthy salivary glands should function. Deviations from this healthy expectation can indicate disease,” says Stefan Ruhl, professor of oral biology in the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine. To explain how our bodies make saliva, the scientists first sought to understand which proteins are produced by each major type of salivary gland—the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands (humans have a pair of each). To do this, the team used a method called transcriptomics to measure gene activity in each kind of gland. Gene activity provides insight into protein production, because each gene provides instructions for making a specific protein. This endeavor enabled the scientists to understand the proteins that each gland generates, and how the glands differ from one another in terms of what they produce. For instance, the study finds that the parotid and submandibular glands create a lot of salivary amylase, an enzyme that helps to digest starch, while the sublingual gland makes almost none. | <urn:uuid:83985c13-d9ee-48b2-bf2c-8f7d1179fcf2> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.futurity.org/saliva-proteins-glands-2475702-2/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=saliva-proteins-glands-2475702-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.936971 | 977 | 3.875 | 4 |
Meanwhile, the sublingual gland produces relatively large quantities of certain GalNAc transferases, a family of enzymes that’s important in initiating a process called O-glycosylation that attaches a sugar to certain salivary mucin proteins. These are just a couple of examples. “We show how the actions of different glands collectively help to produce a complex bodily fluid—our saliva,” says first author Marie Saitou, a tenure-track researcher in biosciences at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. “Our work reveals that even a gland type itself is not homogenous: the saliva-producing acinar cells, which were once thought to produce the same proteins, and thus be the same cells, actually synthesize distinct saliva proteins, thus indicating a new level of cellular diversity,” says study co-leader Sarah Knox, associate professor of cell and tissue biology in the University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry. Gokcumen says the research is one step toward understanding the immense complexity of saliva. Beyond parsing out the origins of proteins made by salivary glands, the team also concluded that some proteins drifting in saliva likely don’t originate from salivary glands, and that some important proteins that help to regulate gene expression are predominantly active in salivary glands, but not in a litany of other tissues. “Salivary proteins are a gateway to our body,” Gokcumen says. “When they do not function properly, we suffer. Our work brings us one step closer to understanding their complex origins and the intricate interplay between them.”
“Long wished-for diagnostic applications of saliva for monitoring systemic well-being and disease will need to measure quantitative differences of biomarkers in saliva,” Ruhl says. “One obstacle always hampering progress in this arena was that we did not know exactly which proteins were intrinsically produced by the salivary glands, and which proteins diffused into saliva from surrounding tissue leakage. “Also, we were lacking a reliable baseline, a standard, if you will, that tells us what are normal and healthy values for the protein components in saliva. Our paper helps resolve these conflicts, providing information that I expect will propel salivary diagnostic applications forward.”
Source: University at Buffalo | <urn:uuid:83985c13-d9ee-48b2-bf2c-8f7d1179fcf2> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.futurity.org/saliva-proteins-glands-2475702-2/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=saliva-proteins-glands-2475702-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.936971 | 977 | 3.875 | 4 |
How to research, collaborate, educate and optimize institutional workflows with the help of mapping technology? Interdisciplinarity is a common word in the world of contemporary education. At the institutional level, it highlights one of the most important facets of increased flow of information and ideas – collaboration. Literally, interdisciplinarity signifies working between diverse academic disciplines, while the main goal is to combine subjects together in new ways to achieve a specific purpose. That kind of prospect asks for intensification of networking and features collaboration between people with different academic and practical background. Most of all, a need for an interdisciplinary approach is visibly present in sciences such as geography, definition of which strongly implies the notion of interdisciplinarity. GIS, Geographic Information System merges cartography, statistical analysis, and database technology, with the purpose of storing, analyzing, and displaying geographical information. This data can be used later on for the purposes of projects, decision-making, lectures and for other purposes. Using GIS software for academic needs magnificently serves the notion of interdisciplinarity in academic terms. The spatial dimension of research is important for disciplines in the range from environmental research, to archaeology or population genetics. All of these fields of study often require a help from mapping technology to display, interpret and analyze the data. So, the first, most obvious use of GIS for academic projects in a wider sense is for the uses of collaboration on various projects between different disciplines. In a more direct and narrower sense, GIS is widely used in educating the generations of geographers and GIS experts. But, we shouldn’t stop at educating only in the area of geographical research and theory. GIS software can also be used in teaching various subjects such as environmental studies, earth science, history, mathematics, chemistry, biology, languages, arts, etc. We can say that GIS technology is present on all levels of education, from elementary schools to higher education, where the most of its academic usage is concentrated, unifying its purpose as a research tool together with instructive quality. For example, it is a very commonly used tool for undergraduate and graduate research projects. Observing widely, we can see GIS software used in schools, at technical colleges, universities, libraries, museums and other educational institutions. So, what would be the basic reason for such a wide application of mapping software? | <urn:uuid:b207011e-2083-4ef3-a8dc-712f63b4e15a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.giscloud.com/blog/university-in-the-clouds-gis-for-academic-and-educational-purposes-part-i/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.92632 | 1,197 | 2.796875 | 3 |
As an instructional tool, GIS serves its purpose as a great way of encouraging students to employ critical thinking, engage in projects and surveys and boost their problem-solving skills. This technology gives the students a good perspective in visualization of spatial patterns, linkages, and relationships. It enhances their numerical and information processing skills and also helps develop the general linguistic intelligence needed for reading and interpreting visible symbols and word information. Taking into account a strong orientation on visual images present in the contemporary culture, there is no reason why educators wouldn’t encourage the rise of spatial and map literacy. Namely, the importance of visual preview in education is supported by the fact that humans process images 60, 000 times faster than text. Also, people remember only around 20% of what they read alone, compared to 80% of what they see. A history class is a good example in this case. Maps are used to communicate not only spatial, but also historical data. Therefore, interactive maps can be great teaching tools for history classes. They proved to be a good way for remembering a big amount of historical data. Except for the great value of GIS software for instructional purposes, there is one more aspect of its usage in the education. Mapping applications, as an essential part of GIS software, can also be used in educational administration and forming education policies. Some of the examples of GIS software application in infrastructure management and administration are:
- university infrastructure overview and planning
- campus planning and safety
- curriculum planning encompassing room capacities
- technology infrastructure
- emergency preparedness
- managing alumni network
- recruiting students
One of the ideas of how mapping software can be used is, for example, in university self-assessment, using the data for displaying the information such as teacher-student ratios, basic demographic data and various statistical parameters, including the state of infrastructure. Last but not least: if we shift the focus from the academy to a wider system of educational policies, we should know that the geographic tools are very useful for policy makers, influencing various strategic decisions. GIS helps visualizing important data about educational facilities and general statistics on local and national levels. It can display expenditures, performance, and compliance with educational regulations. It can show the data in a range from literacy level of the students to the distribution of federal funds. | <urn:uuid:b207011e-2083-4ef3-a8dc-712f63b4e15a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.giscloud.com/blog/university-in-the-clouds-gis-for-academic-and-educational-purposes-part-i/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.92632 | 1,197 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Therefore, GIS is very important as an overview which informs the decisions connected with resources, and program implementation, and distribution.Some types of data that can be visualized for educational policy strategies:
- amount of money spent per pupil
- teacher-student ratios
- geographical distribution of literacy levels
- demographical information in relation to educational data
- student, school, and district performance
- distribution of funds
- comparisons between states, districts, and school
An example of New York City education survey – red parcels: districts with highest density of students below 9th grade; green parcels: districts with lower density of 9th grade students
All of these GIS possibilities, attached to an academical context often are limited with restricted allocation of resources, primarily funds and technological infrastructure. For that reason, educators and academic staff are often inclined to use cost-effective and non-demanding solutions. One of the ways out of the situation of restricted funds and infrastructure is turning to Cloud GIS solutions. In Part 2, you can read about reasons to use GIS in Cloud environment for educational and academic purposes. | <urn:uuid:b207011e-2083-4ef3-a8dc-712f63b4e15a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.giscloud.com/blog/university-in-the-clouds-gis-for-academic-and-educational-purposes-part-i/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.92632 | 1,197 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The electricity distribution system is one of the main parts of electric power systems. It’s important to transform existing systems and utilize the latest technologies to overcome issues such as power theft or poor distribution of power supply. Learn how the new line collecting feature in GIS Cloud can be of help in electricity distribution network management. The continuous growth of population followed by advancements and improvements in complex electric power systems has raised big challenges for distribution network operators and electric utility engineers to supply, assure and enhance power system sustainability and efficiency. The GIS Cloud mapping technologies play a central role in planning, management and monitoring operations within the electric utility information system were powerful visualization and analytics tools can resolve data accessibility issues and improve the decision making process. Critical role of GIS in the electrical Distribution system
Electric utility companies need to have two types of geographical information: a distribution network containing crucial technical information and locations of numerous poles, power lines, circuits, transformators, facilities etc., and consumer and billing information with a list of existing customers, their locations and consumption details to determine the areas for a potential customer and network expansion. Utilities need accurate information on their asset inventory. Biggest problem electric utilities are facing is storing the historical data and updating it due to the real-time changes on the field. GIS Cloud technologies help utilities to manage relevant information about customers and distribution network with a perfect overview of the entire system visualized on a map. It can help utility engineers to identify patterns of distribution, demand and consumption to assess energy requirements needed to develop a profitable distribution system. Many developing countries that still use traditional methods for asset management are looking to implement GIS in their system and simplify the process of mapping, managing and monitoring the overall state of the entire distribution system. With Mobile Data Collection application field surveyors can collect new information about the distribution network and map exact locations of their assets. Mapping of electricity Distribution Network
Implementation of GIS systems in field data collection projects starts with creating a geodatabase containing relevant information about assets in existing electrical distribution system. In many cases, existing data is stored in paper-based forms which don’t have much value when it comes to efficient management of operations. | <urn:uuid:8dd49140-9ffb-4810-acd1-aa8f771af3b6> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.giscloud.com/blog/use-case-mapping-and-planning-of-electric-distribution-network/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.910092 | 1,288 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The main advantage of the GIS Cloud platform is the ability to map and link spatial and non-spatial data of the system to the point, line or polygon drawings on a map. Field operations managers create an online surveying form with different attribute fields such as voltage capacity of distribution line, installation date of a transformer, conditions and types of poles or geotagged photos and audio notes. If you have existing historical data, you can import them to GIS Cloud database in Map Editor to create an official data repository of the distribution network. In many cases, the data is stored together with coordinates. However, the locations about different parts of the distribution system can be collected just as an address and can be georeferenced and placed on a map with Geocoder app. On the other side, you can start an entire asset data collection project from scratch and digitalize the electrical distribution system from electric poles, distribution transformers, power voltage lines and other assets in the electricity distribution network with Mobile Data Collection app. The locations and details of cable routes can be collected in the form of line drawings on a map. With our newly developed feature in our MDC app, you can combine GPS tracking and manual line drawing methods to achieve maximum time efficiency and accuracy when mapping and managing large areas covered with the electricity distribution network. Field operators can do surveying projects to update and correct the existing information of distribution network in the shortest way possible. They can edit the location and attribute information of cable routes, electric poles and transformers both in the field or back in the office. The updates are visible in real-time thus giving a perfect insight into the data collection process for better control of the data quality. Planning and Expansion of electricity Distribution Network
Extensive and continuous GIS surveying of electrical network together with consumer and billing information is providing utility managers with an improved operational and decision-making tools. Before making any kind of decision, utility managers are using the GIS database to answer important spatial questions such as where are the most suitable areas to place a new transmission line or where are the areas with most power outages and various system overloads. Continuous population growth and the expansion of cities demands for a growth of electric distribution systems. | <urn:uuid:8dd49140-9ffb-4810-acd1-aa8f771af3b6> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.giscloud.com/blog/use-case-mapping-and-planning-of-electric-distribution-network/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.910092 | 1,288 | 2.703125 | 3 |
With GIS Cloud Map Editor, utility managers can create spatial queries based on the information stored in the database. By analyzing various parts of the distribution system, utility managers can identify areas with aged infrastructure, areas with overload in system components, areas with various system loading conditions and areas with frequent power outages due to the possible electricity theft. The insights from spatial analysis can help planners and engineers to improve the power supply and asset management, in the context of planning the new transmission lines or cables, resolve outages and improve consumer services. With Map Editor, you can analyse the electric distribution system and other essential parts of infrastructure such as buildings, roads and possible obstacles to highlight the areas suitable for construction and expansion of distribution system. Using Mobile Data Collection app, field operators can draw line features in highlighted areas and store them together with photographs and other relevant information for planning utility construction sites. With powerful search tool inside the app, you can access your data by typing in the ID number or any other attribute value. Utility planners can share the results to different stakeholders and communicate feedback to other vendors. Complete solution for utility workflow
One of the benefits of GIS Cloud technologies is that there is no need for extensive education of your workers. The solution is implemented in your workflow immediately and it’s suitable for non GIS users as well as professionals. The option to collect line features in the field with high GPS accuracy and storing them in the database can increase time and cost efficiency of the entire organization as it offers more convenient way to collect data. The greatest benefit is the real-time collaboration between top management and field operators where maps and layers can be shared with different levels of access. Sign Up for Free and setup your first line collection project for electric utilities with Mobile Data Collection app. Watch the GIS Cloud for Electric Utilities webinar recording where you can also see a live demo of the apps. | <urn:uuid:8dd49140-9ffb-4810-acd1-aa8f771af3b6> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.giscloud.com/blog/use-case-mapping-and-planning-of-electric-distribution-network/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.910092 | 1,288 | 2.703125 | 3 |
After the floods in Kerala in 2018, the Global Energy Parliament formed an international consortium of scientists and researchers to study the last 100 years of development and land usage in Kerala and apply GEP’s innovative concepts of energy balance. The outcome was a Sustainable State Model. Although the first Model is specific to Kerala, it is replicable anywhere in the world. The Model was presented to the Govt. of Kerala on 29th of March, 2019. Tourism Minister Kadakampally Surendran praised it and said, "Once the Remoulding Kerala Sustainable State Model is implemented, Kerala can be positioned as a global leader for sustainable living." He gave all his support to the “novel concept.”
“The entire Model is based on the theory of energy balance described in Swami Isa’s I-Theory,” said Dr. Christophe Dumas, one of the Project Coordinators and Head of Solar-Thermal Dept. at the Commission for Alternative and Atomic Energy, Govt. of France. “The innovation of the I-Theory is that energy must be balanced in terms of quantity as well as quality,” he stated. Thus, the Model provides for long-term, holistic and sustainable development of infrastructure and use of natural resources. Overall, a 50-30-20 percent distribution of environmental compounds should be maintained in an environmental system like an entire State (Fig 1). 50% should be devoted to natural land and forests, 30% for agriculture, and 20% for human living and infrastructure. Fig 1. Ideal Distribution of Land
Fig. 2. Present Distribution of Land in Kerala State
The researchers found that in Kerala, Agriculture occupies 68% of the State’s land, and is projected to increase (Fig. 2). They suggested measures to be taken for redistributing the land that will not negatively, but rather positively, impact agriculture in the state, and also make the human living areas less harmful. They also recommended that forest cover along the coastline should be increased and buildings should gradually shift away from the coastline. More fruit-bearing trees should be planted in urban areas and along roads and highways. Also, the areas for Government, education, housing, and industries should be consolidated in the State. FIRST STEPS TAKEN
The first step of implementing the Sustainable State Model is to plant fruit-bearing trees in the tourist destinations, and along roads and railways. The fruits would be made freely available to tourists and the common people. | <urn:uuid:378a6839-4a1c-4052-85d2-6ab69c8ab9d4> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.global-energy-parliament.net/sustainable-state-model | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.952286 | 1,027 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Two Tourist Villages have been suggested by the Minister as model sites: Veli and Akkulam. Project Coordinator Dr. Marcus Guderle, researcher and Chairman of GEP-Germany, is mapping out the species of fruit trees to be planted onsite. “It would be heartening to see all Keralites to help plant trees. We encourage other organizations and volunteers to join hands with us,” he said. Do you want to Volunteer / Adopt a Tree / Other Assistance / Learn More? Contact our team at research(at)global-energy-parliament.net. July 16, 2019: A proposal for Coastal Sustainability measures was presented to the Government at the International Conference on Education for Total Consciousness, by Dr. Christophe Dumas. This proposal concerns scientific construction proposals for greenwalls along the coastline, to protect from sea erosion, tsunami and storms. March 29, 2019: The State Model, including the Proposal for Phase I, was presented to the Minister of Tourism, Government of Kerala, at a public function. March 11, 2019: Phase 1 of the Project Proposal was discussed with the Kerala State Minister of Tourism. He suggested that GEP starts it in one Panchayat, and offered his support. March 9, 2019: First draft of the Model was completed and presented by the international researchers to team of scientists and economists in Kerala. A plan for Phase 1 of its implementation was discussed and drafted up. February 25, 2019: Data analysis was completed. January 20, 2019: The team has successfully completed the first work package of data acquisition and literature review. The gathered data contains many decades of location, area, and census data from over 25 sectors (including housing, agriculture, industries, water supply, population, power, telecommunication and urban development) in Kerala State. The submission of the first draft of the Master Plan is planned to be submitted to the Government of Kerala soon. In the current phase, the data is being analysed by the scientists and will become the building block of the Sustainable State Master Plan for Kerala. November 15, 2018: Interns from Mumbai, Delhi and Trivandrum have been hired for the project selected for their expertise in environment and statistics. Welcome! October 1, 2018: An International Consortium of scientists and researchers was formed consisting of researchers and experts in hydrology, GIS mapping, engineering and sustainability from Germany, France, Denmark and India. | <urn:uuid:378a6839-4a1c-4052-85d2-6ab69c8ab9d4> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.global-energy-parliament.net/sustainable-state-model | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.952286 | 1,027 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Around Mother’s Day, you will hear people speaking of the vocation of motherhood. People will speak of how important the work and calling of motherhood can be. Around Father’s Day, you will hear people speaking of…
Well, Father’s Day is given a lot less emphasis in American society. While influence and relationship are important, what is missed in the discussion is that fathers can be much more involved in the raising of children. In fact, recent Census data (US HHS) show that there were 1.96 million single fathers in 2012 (with 16% of custodial single parents being men) and an estimate of 189,000 stay-at-home dads in 2012 (defined as those who were out of the labor force for at least a year to care for children younger than 15). So what can be said about the vocation (US HHS) of fatherhood? Making a commitment to be a father can lead to altering core meaning that existed previously. In accepting this role, the man is changing what he sees as important. As these meanings shift, the man is able to relate more to how primary meaning is not in his own story but in how his story influences other stories. He also must explore how he is willing to be affected in order to be able to serve another as their story together is being created. If the person is from an Abrahamic religion, this may also allow him to relate to certain Biblical accounts where the sacrificial nature of fatherhood and Fatherhood is described. These new understandings not only shape how meaning is formed and seen but also create a new sense of duty or calling in their life. No longer can he simply look at the world through his individual lenses; rather he will experience a moral obligation to be looking out for another human being(s) and the child’s best interests. Addressing the conflicts that this creates, and understanding what this means about fatherhood, raises spiritual struggles for the father. Does the father look at dealing with these conflicts as a type of sacrifice, or as some form of atonement for what had gone before or in some other way? How does this create a sense of duty for the father, and how does he respond to it? | <urn:uuid:39dfadac-a66a-4901-ba71-177af850c0b0> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/vocation-of-fatherhood-0615134 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.976161 | 1,001 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Certainly, as his children grow, the father will go through many new experiences as they go through many phases in their life development. How will the father go through these? Do the senses of meaning developed help the father to address these experiences? Is there growth experienced by the father as new meaning is able to be integrated? Does the father have the courage to maintain existing understand of meaning and work out how it applies? Is this consistent with the father’s general approach to the firmness of meaning and the way it is integrated into his life? Another area that can be important in understanding the spirituality of fatherhood is exploring how the father views his family as a community of shared belief and meaning. If the father experiences family as a base community of faith, then he will feel a sense of spiritual fulfillment to the degree to which he feels satisfied in the role that he plays within that community. This satisfaction will generally be greater if the father’s roles and actions are consistent with the elements that have been discussed above. Finally, the spirituality behind fatherhood may draw a person closer to whatever source they value. This is certainly the case, if fatherhood causes a man to become more reliant on God or other divine source. The relationship is made stronger, and the father may gain clarity about an authority to seek for all dimensions of his life. These are true even if the father seeks guidance more within instead of referring to a divine source. While we commonly talk about the vocation of mothers and speak of this as a calling, there clearly are many dimensions of spirituality and vocation that also apply to fathers. Fatherhood can clearly be a calling that creates a sense of duty for the man and reshapes his whole understanding of meaning and relationship. This is a very individual process that will vary from man to man, as well as from situation to situation. We would do better to think about fatherhood is also a vocation and to consider the important role fathers also play in our society — for them and for their children. - U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (ND). Dad Stats. National Responsible Fatherhood Clearinghouse. Retrieved from fatherhood.gov/library/dad-stats
- Fitchett, George. (2002). Vocation will be explored within the framework for spirituality proposed. | <urn:uuid:39dfadac-a66a-4901-ba71-177af850c0b0> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/vocation-of-fatherhood-0615134 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.976161 | 1,001 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Discipline of the School
School believes in maintaining discipline which is not regimental or oppressive. Discipline is an essential part of school education. A. DRESS AND APPEARANCE
- All students must come to school wearing the prescribed uniform. The House uniform must be worn by the students on Saturday. - All students must wear the school tie and school belt at all time and boys shall tuck their shirts in to their pants. - Failure to comply with the school’s uniform regulations may result in a student being sent home after two warnings are recorded in the School Diary. - Courtesy and respect must be the key aspects of pupil behavior. Disrespect and disobedience may result in disciplinary action, involving suspension or even expulsion. - Staying away from school ‘bunking’ will be punished by suspension followed by expulsion. - Students are expected to greet all visitors and members of the staff with respect. - They should always remember that the schools are judged by their conduct. - Silence must be maintained in the classrooms during periods. - Indisciplined behavior in the schools bus will render a student ineligible to use the transportation. - All students are responsible to the school authorities for their behavior both in and outside the school. Any reported or observed objectionable conduct outside the school on the part of the students shall render them liable for disciplinary action. - Money should not be lent to or borrowed from, or articles exchanged. - The school is not responsible for goods or money lost it is not advisable to bring valuables to school. - No books (other than text books or library books), magazines etc. may be brought to the school, no absence literature will be allowed in the school premises. - Normally no student is allowed out of the class to drink water or go to the toilet. This should be done only during break time. | <urn:uuid:e9a500bb-1c56-49a8-92de-ea457633d7ad> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.gurunanakacademydehradun.com/discipline-of-the-school/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.960087 | 385 | 2.75 | 3 |
Dear Mayo Clinic: Why does my doctor want to know what supplements I'm taking, even if I don't have any health problems and don't take more than the recommended amounts? A: It's important to tell your health care provider about any dietary supplements you take. Although you don't need a prescription for most supplements, that doesn't mean they can't significantly affect your health. Dietary supplements are useful in some situations—for example, calcium and vitamin D for bone health, and iron for iron-deficiency anemia. But they also can be harmful, especially if taken in certain combinations, with certain prescription medications , or before surgery or other medical procedures. By knowing the supplements you take, your health care provider can ensure that they are a good fit for you. There are two general categories of dietary supplements: nutritional and herbal. Nutritional supplements are designed to provide vitamins and minerals your body needs that you may not get enough of in your diet. Calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, iron and fiber are common nutritional supplements many people take. Herbal supplements, sometime called botanicals, are supplements derived from plants that are touted as having health benefits . Popular herbal supplements include Echinacea, ginkgo and flaxseed. People take dietary supplements to improve their health or prevent illness. One concern about supplements, though, is lack of oversight in their production and claims manufacturers make about their benefits. Prescription and over-the-counter medications are closely regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA doesn't regulate or oversee supplement content or claims to the same degree as it does for medications. So just because a supplement is approved for sale doesn't necessarily mean it's safe or effective. Although supplements aren't regulated in the same way medications are, they have active ingredients that can affect your body and your health. And keep in mind that anything strong enough to produce a positive effect , such as lowering cholesterol or improving mood, also is strong enough to carry potential health risks . That's one of the key reasons it's important to talk with your health care provider about your supplements. He or she can review the potential benefits and side effects, and evaluate if the supplement is safe for you. When you take your supplements can be a factor you need to discuss with your health care provider, as well. | <urn:uuid:2e912747-8834-48d8-8be5-4bae394f23d7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.hardinscientific.com/blogs/news/q-a-dietary-supplements-useful-in-some-situations-but-also-can-be-harmful | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.948856 | 915 | 2.890625 | 3 |
For example, the absorption of some supplements can be influenced by whether you take them with food or on an empty stomach. Some supplements also can prevent the absorption or action of medications, so it may be important to take them separately. It is particularly important for you to review your supplements with your health care provider if you take more than one supplement, or if you take any prescription or nonprescription medication. In some cases, taking a combination of supplements or using supplements while taking certain medications could lead to harmful or life-threatening results. You mention that you don't take more than the recommended amount of your supplement , and that is wise. Taking more than the recommended daily values can increase the risk of side effects. But be aware that vitamins and minerals are being added to a growing number of foods, including breakfast cereals and beverages. If you're also taking supplements, you may be getting more of some nutrients than you realize. Your health care provider can help you evaluate your diet and decide if you need the supplements that you're taking. The bottom line is that although nutritional and herbal supplements may be useful, they aren't risk-free. By talking with your health care provider about the supplements you take, and discussing their potential benefits and risks, you'll gain a better understanding of the value those supplements have for your health overall. Explore further ©2020 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC. Citation : Q&A: Dietary supplements useful in some situations, but also can be harmful (2020, January 15) retrieved 15 January 2020 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-01-qa-dietary-supplements-situations.html This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only. Also in Industry News
How to decide whether or not to start treatment for prostate cancer? Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome via visual tools
$65m investment increases British Patient Capital’s exposure to life sciences and health technology | <urn:uuid:2e912747-8834-48d8-8be5-4bae394f23d7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.hardinscientific.com/blogs/news/q-a-dietary-supplements-useful-in-some-situations-but-also-can-be-harmful | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.948856 | 915 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Assessment is the process through which teachers gather evidence and information to inform their future planning and your child's next steps in their learning. This is an ongoing process from tweaking lessons in the moment to adapt to children's needs, planning lessons, planning topics and making a yearly plan. By making accurate assessments through a systematic whole school approach we can ensure that your child has tailored next steps and makes good progress. Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS)
In the Early Years we allow children time to settle into their new classes and routines and use the 'Leuven' scales to guide when we should assess the children. This is always done in the first half term and we ensure that your child is settled before assessing their levels against the 'Early Years Outcomes'. Assessments are completed through play and practical adult led activities. Children's learning and achievements are captured using the 'Tapestry' online learning journal app. Parents can view their journals and upload learning from home by downloading the app to their own phones or tablets. Children are assessed against the 7 areas of learning, these are split into two categories Prime and Specific. Prime areas of learning:
*Personal, Social and Emotional Development
*Communication and Language
*Expressive art and design
*Understanding of the World
For each of these areas, the children are assessed against ‘age related bands’, which provide a standardised set of criteria for what a child might be able to do at different points during their early years. For each area, accurate judgements will be made as to whether the children are entering a particular age band, working within it (developing) or secure with all aspects. These assessments are then used to inform the planning so that teaching can be carefully matched to the children’s abilities and needs. Key Stage 1
From September 2014, children are assessed in relation to the expectations for their age. For every child we carefully consider whether they are working at their age related expectations (ARE), slightly/ significantly below or slightly/ significantly above. By regularly monitoring and tracking children’s progress, we ensure that anyone needing additional support is quickly identified so that interventions can be put into place, enabling children to meet or exceed their targets. | <urn:uuid:43118e13-de7c-49e8-93d1-2d9807b61d43> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.hillshott.herts.sch.uk/assessment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.959912 | 458 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Bible lessons about Genesis 41:5
Found 1 results. (0.091 seconds)
5 And he slept and dreamed a second time: and, behold, seven ears of grain came up upon one stalk, rank and good. "The seven good kine are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years: the dream is one." - Genesis 41:26
"And I saw in my dream, and, behold, seven ears came up upon one stalk, full and good:" - Genesis 41:22
"And the thin ears swallowed up the seven rank and full ears. And Pharaoh awoke, and, behold, it was a dream." - Genesis 41:7
"and the thin ears swallowed up the seven good ears: and I told it unto the magicians; but there was none that could declare it to me." - Genesis 41:24
"And, behold, seven ears, thin and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them." - Genesis 41:6 | <urn:uuid:8f59023b-d9a6-4298-becf-f69c04fc8531> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.hokma.com/bible/genesis/41/5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.931239 | 207 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Bible lessons about Genesis 44:2
Found 1 results. (0.089 seconds)
2 And put my cup, the silver cup, in the sack’s mouth of the youngest, and his grain money. And he did according to the word that Joseph had spoken. "Then Joseph commanded to fill their vessels with grain, and to restore every man’s money into his sack, and to give them provision for the way: and thus was it done unto them." - Genesis 42:25
"And Joseph gathered up all the money that was found in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, for the grain which they bought: and Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh’s house." - Genesis 47:14
"And he commanded the steward of his house, saying, Fill the men’s sacks with food, as much as they can carry, and put every man’s money in his sack’s mouth." - Genesis 44:1
"And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father; for this is the first-born; put thy right hand upon his head." - Genesis 48:18 | <urn:uuid:4d9ba1e5-ecf4-49ce-85eb-8fc4e30a6c09> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.hokma.com/bible/genesis/44/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.980342 | 242 | 2.53125 | 3 |
OSHA’s FAQs on the GHS Hazard Communication Standard
Posted November 14, 2018
Under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSH Act), employers that use hazardous chemicals in their workplaces must follow specific standards for classifying and labeling and for communicating the hazards of the chemicals to employees. In 2012, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) updated these requirements to align OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Employers were required to comply with most provisions of the new standard as of December 31, 2015. However, employers had until June 1, 2016, to complete any updated alternative hazard communication programs and to provide additional employee training on any newly identified hazards. To assist with employer compliance, OSHA released a number of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs). This Compliance Overview includes a list of FAQs that employers may find helpful. What are the major changes to the HCS? The three major areas of change are in hazard classification, labels and safety data sheets (SDS). - Hazard classification:The definitions of hazard have been changed to provide specific criteria for classification of health and physical hazards, as well as classification of mixtures. These specific criteria will help to ensure that evaluations of hazardous effects are consistent across manufacturers, and that labels and SDS are more accurate as a result. - Labels:Chemical manufacturers and importers will be required to provide a label that includes a harmonized signal word, pictogram, and hazard statement for each hazard class and category. Precautionary statements must also be provided. - SDS:Will now have a specified 16-section format. The GHS does not include harmonized training provisions, but recognizes that training is essential to an effective hazard communication approach. The revised HCS requires that workers be retrained within two years of the publication of the final rule to facilitate recognition and understanding of the new labels and SDS. For a side-by-side comparison of the current HCS and the final revised HCS please see OSHA’s hazard communication safety and health topics webpage at www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/index.html. What HCS provisions are unchanged in the revised HCS? The revised HCS is a modification to the existing standard. The parts of the standard that did not relate to the GHS (such as the basic framework, scope and exemptions) remained largely unchanged. | <urn:uuid:f041916f-5ad0-440a-a8c1-aea2cc3707a1> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.horstinsurance.com/news-and-blog/oshas-faqs-on-the-ghs-hazard-communication-standard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.910426 | 2,860 | 2.75 | 3 |
There have been some modifications to terminology in order to align the revised HCS with language used in the GHS. For example, the term “hazard determination” has been changed to “hazard classification” and “material safety data sheet” was changed to “safety data sheet.” OSHA stakeholders commented on this approach and found it to be appropriate. How will chemical hazard evaluation change under the revised HCS? Under both the current HCS and the revised HCS, an evaluation of chemical hazards must be performed considering the available scientific evidence concerning such hazards. Under the current HCS, the hazard determination provisions have definitions of hazard and the evaluator determines whether or not the data on a chemical meet those definitions. It is a performance-oriented approach that provides parameters for the evaluation, but not specific, detailed criteria. The hazard classification approach in the revised HCS is quite different. The revised HCS has specific criteria for each health and physical hazard, along with detailed instructions for hazard evaluation and determinations as to whether mixtures or substances are covered. It also establishes both hazard classes and hazard categories—for most of the effects; the classes are divided into categories that reflect the relative severity of the effect. The current HCS does not include categories for most of the health hazards covered, so this new approach provides additional information that can be related to the appropriate response to address the hazard. OSHA has included the general provisions for hazard classification in paragraph (d) of the revised rule and added extensive appendixes (Appendixes A and B) that address the criteria for each health or physical effect. What is the phase-in period in the revised HCS? |Effective Completion Date||Requirement(s)||Who?|
|December 1, 2013||Train employees on the new label elements and SDS format.||Employers|
|June 1, 2015
December 1, 2015
|Comply with all modified provisions of this final rule; except, distributors may ship products labeled by manufacturers under the old system until Dec. 1, 2015.||Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers|
|June 1, 2016||Update alternative workplace labeling and hazard communication program as necessary, and provide additional employee training for newly identified physical or health hazards.||Employers|
|Transition Period||Comply with either 29 CFR 1910.1200 (the final standard), or the current standard, or both.||All chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers|
When must label information be updated? | <urn:uuid:f041916f-5ad0-440a-a8c1-aea2cc3707a1> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.horstinsurance.com/news-and-blog/oshas-faqs-on-the-ghs-hazard-communication-standard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.910426 | 2,860 | 2.75 | 3 |
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