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Autonomous robots may become our closest companions in the near future. While the technology for physically building such machines is already available today, a problem lies in the generation of the behavior for such complex machines. Nature proposes a solution: young children and higher animals learn to master their complex brain-body systems by playing. Can this be an option for robots? How can a machine be playful? The book provides answers by developing a general principle---homeokinesis, the dynamical symbiosis between brain, body, and environment---that is shown to drive robots to self-determined, individual development in a playful and obviously embodiment-related way: a dog-like robot starts playing with a barrier, eventually jumping or climbing over it; a snakebot develops coiling and jumping modes; humanoids develop climbing behaviors when fallen into a pit, or engage in wrestling-like scenarios when encountering an opponent. The book also develops guided self-organization, a new method that helps to make the playful machines fit for fulfilling tasks in the real world. | <urn:uuid:4e880d24-1f31-4259-af2d-210e955d8103> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://al.is.tuebingen.mpg.de/publications?publication_type%5B%5D=Article&publication_type%5B%5D=Book&year%5B%5D=2013&year%5B%5D=2014&year%5B%5D=2011&year%5B%5D=2006&year%5B%5D=2005&year%5B%5D=2012&year%5B%5D=2016 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.932518 | 209 | 3.703125 | 4 |
“If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?” is a legendary philosophical thought experiment that raises questions regarding observation and knowledge of reality. Can something exist without being perceived? Is sound only a sound if a person hears it? The most immediate philosophical topic that the riddle introduces involves the existence of the tree (and the sound it produces) outside of human perception. If no one is around to; see, hear, touch or smell the tree, how could it be said to exist? What is it to say that it exists when such an existence is unknown? The experiment is often discussed in this manner; If a tree were to fall on an island, where there were no human beings, would there be any sound? The answer is no given that sound is the sensation excited in the ear when the air, or other medium is set in motion. This poses the question not from a philosophical viewpoint, but from a purely scientific one. Sound is vibration, transmitted to our senses through the mechanism of the ear, and recognised as sound only at our nerve centres. The falling of the tree or any other disturbance will produce vibration of the air. If there are no ears to hear, there will be no sound. Within the crowded forest of market information we’re continually bombarded with on a daily basis could there be sounds of falling trees that we’re not hearing? The references to the market crash of 2008-2009 have been over done during the past few months; the PIIGS, the Eurozone debt crisis and its contagion possibilities, the downgrading of the USA credit rating, continual bank failures in the USA, (fifteen since August 2011), Soc Gen’s rogue trader, French banks’ credit rating downgrades, unemployment staying stubbornly high, the UK BoE’s MPC engaging in a further round of QE..The list is endless with regards to the current economic malaise and yet despite this barrage of negativity the markets, particularly the equity markets, have deflected the issues and remained at levels that (whilst still subdued) are nowhere close to the lows of March 9th 2009 when the Dow Jones industrial average (INDU) closed down at 6547.05, its lowest point since April 25, 1997. The classic position trade V shaped price action ‘recovery’ thereafter was stunning. | <urn:uuid:ecea90e1-739c-4709-ad24-7cb1028b350c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://blog.fxcc.com/if-a-tree-falls-in-the-forest-and-there-is-nobody-around-to-hear-it-does-it-make-a-sound | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.966179 | 2,040 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Using our classic rear view mirror it was obvious that the fear had been overdone and most global markets were oversold, the rally thereafter was equally spectacular. Without a doubt zirp, bailouts, assisted bankruptcies in the USA, (called pre-packaged rescues in the UK) and rounds of QE to “rescue the system” assisted the Dow Jones recovery to over 11,000 by early 2010. The global crash of 2008-2009 was precipitated by the Lehman Bros. collapse, revisionist and selective memory indicates that Lehman was the cause. However, that ignores the shock the market suffered the year previous with Bear Stearns. I experienced a strange event when Bear Stearns began its decline. I was on holiday with my family in Kefalonia Greece at the time of its heart attack, as if the ancient Greek gods had ‘rumbled’ the system, the ATM system on the island went down. The reason given in the evening was that close to the island, or the mainland, there’d been a minor earth tremor. Later that evening, whilst reading about the Bear Stearns situation at an Internet cafe I did wonder, in some coincidental twist, if we’d reached an ‘inflection point’ of sorts. Had ‘we’ simplistically run out of money? For those of you now expecting a neat link up between: trees, forest, bears and woods I’m sorry to disappoint, but before we get to the punchline of this musing here’s a snapshot of how it all went wrong with Bear Stearns..
On June 22, 2007, Bear Stearns pledged a collateralized loan of up to $3.2 billion to “bail out” one of its funds, the Bear Stearns High-Grade Structured Credit Fund, whilst negotiating with other banks to loan money against collateral for another fund, the Bear Stearns High-Grade Structured Credit Enhanced Leveraged Fund. The incident sparked concern of contagion as Bear Stearns might be forced to liquidate its CDOs, prompting a mark-down of similar assets in other portfolios. During the week of July 16, 2007, Bear Stearns disclosed that the two subprime hedge funds had lost nearly all of their value amid a rapid decline in the market for subprime mortgages. At the time Bear Stearns was a global investment bank and securities trading and brokerage, until its sale to JPMorgan Chase in 2008 during the global financial crisis and recession. | <urn:uuid:ecea90e1-739c-4709-ad24-7cb1028b350c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://blog.fxcc.com/if-a-tree-falls-in-the-forest-and-there-is-nobody-around-to-hear-it-does-it-make-a-sound | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.966179 | 2,040 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Bear Stearns was involved in securitisation and issued large amounts of asset-backed securities, which in the case of mortgages were pioneered by Lewis Ranieri, “the father of mortgage securities”. As investor losses mounted in those markets in 2006 and 2007, the company actually increased its exposure, especially the mortgage-backed assets that were central to the subprime mortgage crisis. In March 2008, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York provided an emergency loan to try to avert a sudden collapse of the company. The company could not be saved and was sold to JP Morgan Chase for $10 per share, a price far below its pre-crisis 52-week high of $133.20 per share, but not as low as the $2 per share originally agreed upon by Bear Stearns and JP Morgan Chase. The collapse of the company was a prelude to the risk management meltdown of the Wall Street investment bank industry in September 2008, and the subsequent global financial crisis and recession. In January 2010, JPMorgan ceased using the Bear Stearns name. Bear Stearns was the seventh-largest securities firm in terms of total capital. As of November 30, 2007, Bear Stearns had notional contract amounts of approximately $13.40 trillion in derivative financial instruments, of which $1.85 trillion were listed futures and option contracts. In addition, Bear Stearns was carrying more than $28 billion in ‘level 3’ assets on its books at the end of fiscal 2007 versus a net equity position of only $11.1 billion. This $11.1 billion supported $395 billion in assets, meaning a leverage ratio of 35.5 to 1. This highly leveraged balance sheet, consisting of many illiquid and potentially worthless assets, led to the rapid diminution of investor and lender confidence, which finally evaporated as they were forced to call the New York Federal Reserve to stave off the looming cascade of counter-party risk which would ensue from forced liquidation. The fact that Bear Stearns had caused a massive heart attack to the system in 2007, that should have resulted in questions being asked with regards the solvency and investment methods of all banks, but those questions as to the overall solvency and working mechanics of the global financial system didn’t truly manifest until 2008, should be a cautionary warning sign and portent of what may be in play now under the surface. | <urn:uuid:ecea90e1-739c-4709-ad24-7cb1028b350c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://blog.fxcc.com/if-a-tree-falls-in-the-forest-and-there-is-nobody-around-to-hear-it-does-it-make-a-sound | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.966179 | 2,040 | 2.8125 | 3 |
This latest market heart attack suffered in August-September could prove to be the start of far worse crises than the subprime crisis suffered in 2008-2009. Yet similarly this could be the start of an unravelling of events that may take some time to thoroughly haemorrhage through the system. But in terms of direct comparisons we are at Bear Stearns stage now and not Lehman bros. So where is our ‘Bear Stearns’? Well it’s not quite that simple and as proven they were simply the canary in the coal mine that was muffled before it’s chirpy song became too loud. However, if we regard our banking system as the liver of global financial operations; an organ which has a multitude of important and complex functions: to synthesise, metabolise, form and secrete bile, secrete potentially harmful products and generally purify the system, then there are plenty of warning signals coming from the banking system suggesting a few trees in the forest are about to fall. Moving aside the questions of solvency of the French banks we’ve recently experienced Dexia which, like a circus freak show act in a by gone Victorian age, has been quickly re-packaged, shuttered and moved along to the next town before the children of the parish get too scared. But to imagine that Dexia is an isolated case is stretching the credibility of the banking system and the credibility of those bodies who found it stood up to recent stress tests, to tensile limits. Not withstanding Dexia nervous markets have recently experienced short selling bans on financial stocks, another ‘back to the future’ ointment that failed to work in 2008-2009. Today we learn UniCredit, the Italian bank, has had its shares suspended after only a 7.5% fall. It’s not the fall that’s of concern to the markets, nor the contagion or domino effect, as unlike Bear Stearns this is not the banking system that is in question, this is a sovereign debt crises that is bringing into question the solvency of nations, not individual banks and that’s were this situation is radically different to 2008-2009. However, if Bear Stearns was the portent for Lehman, could Greece be the herald for bigger sovereign defaults? Is Greece the sapling being felled on the edge of the forest whilst deeper into the forest a large tree has already fallen but we can’t hear it? | <urn:uuid:ecea90e1-739c-4709-ad24-7cb1028b350c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://blog.fxcc.com/if-a-tree-falls-in-the-forest-and-there-is-nobody-around-to-hear-it-does-it-make-a-sound | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.966179 | 2,040 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Trading Economics members can view, download and compare data from nearly 200 countries, including more than 20 million economic indicators, exchange rates, government bond yields, stock indexes and commodity prices. The Trading Economics Application Programming Interface (API) provides direct access to our data. It allows API clients to download millions of rows of historical data, to query our real-time economic calendar, subscribe to updates and receive quotes for currencies, commodities, stocks and bonds. Please Paste this Code in your Website
Total number of male pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade as in a previous year, expressed as a percentage of the total male enrollment in the specified grade. It is calculated by dividing the number of male pupils repeating a given grade in a given school year by the male number of pupils enrolled in the same grade in the same school year and multiplying by 100. The definition of repeaters should be unambiguously applied to include even pupils repeating more than once in the same grade and those who repeat the same grade while transferring from one school to another. Students who were not studying in the same grade in the previous year should be excluded. | <urn:uuid:4ea44e58-9a6a-4b33-9e09-3c2ddc9b3993> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://d3fy651gv2fhd3.cloudfront.net/poland/percentage-of-repeaters-in-grade-3-of-primary-education-male-percent-wb-data.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.944421 | 231 | 2.859375 | 3 |
After Qazaghan had taken control of the Chagatai ulus in around 1346, he appointed Abdullah as governor of Samarkand. During his father's lifetime, Abdullah led an expion against Khwarazm, although Qazaghan had been against it. When the latter died in 1358 Abdullah succeeded him. Unlike his father, he had an active interest in the tribes of the northern part of the ulus. Qazaghan, whose power base had been in the southern portion of the ulus, had tended to leave the northern tribes alone; Abdullah was not content to do the same. The northern tribes bitterly resented his attempts to curtail their power. Abdullah's decision to keep his capital in Samarkand proved to be his undoing. The Barlas and Suldus tribes, both located near the city, hated the prospect of a strong Qara'unas presence in their immediate vicinity. Together the leaders of the Barlas and Suldus, Hajji Beg and Buyan Suldus, revolted and drove Abdullah out of power; he returned to the territories of the Qara'unas and died soon afterwards. The victorious parties often cited Abdullah's treatment of Bayan Quli as a pretext for their revolt. Bayan Quli had been Qazaghan's puppet khan; soon after Qazaghan's death Abdullah desired Bayan Quli's wife and had him executed. In any case, Buyan Suldus was installed as amir of the ulus, while both Abdullah's brothers and Shah Temur, who had been raised by Abdullah to the khanship following Bayan Quli’s execution, were killed. |This Asian biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.| | <urn:uuid:3442b336-7712-4209-8962-ab6e974030a7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://en.wikibedia.ru/wiki/'Abdu'llah_(Chagatai_Khanate) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.989646 | 363 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Do our average response times change as we age? The horizontal axis now shows age. Research shows that younger people are more likely to recall faces than older people. Do our Museum visitor data show this pattern? A memory for faces
When you look at a face, your brain analyzes the shape of the face and the pattern of the eyes, nose, and mouth. Remembering a face is easier if the face shape is one that is common in your social group. At face value
Facial shape recognition is based on the people in our familiar social group, which can depend on where we live. Race, ethnicity, age, and gender can also affect our ability to recognize faces of individuals. | <urn:uuid:d4c0c5ce-631d-4d81-9af3-9638ab33af10> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://exhibits.mos.org/explore-the-exhibit/5-environments/communities/do-you-ever-forget-a-face?page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.948792 | 142 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Use this program to retrieve the data associated with a track in text format, to calculate intersections between tracks, and to retrieve DNA sequence covered by a track. For help in using this application see Using the Table Browser for a description of the controls in this form, and the User's Guide for general information and sample queries. For more complex queries, you may want to use Galaxy or our public MySQL server. To examine the biological function of your set through annotation enrichments, send the data to GREAT. Refer to the Credits page for the list of contributors and usage restrictions associated with these data. All tables can be downloaded in their entirety from the Sequence and Annotation Downloads page. This section provides brief line-by-line descriptions of the Table
Browser controls. For more information on using this program, see the
Browser User's Guide. - clade: Specifies which clade the organism is in. - genome: Specifies which organism data to use. - assembly: Specifies which version of the organism's genome
sequence to use. - group: Selects the type of tracks to be displayed in
the track list. The options correspond to the track groupings
shown in the Genome Browser. Select 'All Tracks' for an alphabetical list
of all available tracks in all groups. Select 'All Tables' to see all tables
including those not associated with a track. - database: (with "All Tables" group option) Determines
which database should be used for options in table menu. - track: Selects the annotation track data to work with. This
list displays all tracks belonging to the group specified in the
Some tracks are not available when the region is set to genome
due to the data provider's restrictions on sharing. - table: Selects the SQL table data to use. This list shows
all tables associated with the track specified in the track
Some tables may be unavailable due to the data provider's restrictions on sharing. - describe table schema: Displays schema information for the
tables associated with the selected track. - region: Restricts the query to a
particular chromosome or region. Select genome to apply the query to the entire genome
(not available for certain tracks with restrictions on data sharing). In some Human assemblies, you may select ENCODE to examine only the
ENCODE Pilot regions. To limit the query to a specific position, type a
chromosome name, e.g. | <urn:uuid:62beccff-bbd7-4948-a21c-95f505da7ba5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://genome-asia.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTables?hgsid=735319445_0zcFY2rDGj8gaqkF6arNUFUyuPw0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.758144 | 1,344 | 2.578125 | 3 |
chrX, or a chromosome coordinate
range, such as chrX:100000-200000, or a gene name or other id in
the text box. You can select multiple genomic regions by clicking the "define regions"
button and entering up to 1,000 regions in a 3- or 4-field BED file
- lookup: Press this button after typing in a gene name or
other id in the position text box to look up the chromosome position
- identifiers (selected tracks only): Restricts the
output to table data that match a list of identifiers, for
instance RefSeq accessions for the RefSeq track. If no identifiers
are entered, all table data within the specified region will be
- filter: Restricts the query to only those items that
match certain criteria, e.g. genes with a single exon. Click the
Create button to add a filter, the Edit button to
modify an existing filter, or the Clear button to remove an
- intersection (selected tracks only): Combines the output
of two queries into a
single set of data based on specific join criteria. For example, this
can be used to find all SNPs that intersect with RefSeq coding
regions. The intersection can be configured to retain the
existing alignment structure of the table with a specified amount of
overlap, or discard the structure in favor of a simple list of position
ranges using a base-pair intersection or union of the two data sets. The button functionalities are similar to those of the filter
- output: Specifies the output format (not all options are
available for some tracks). Formats include:
- all fields from selected table - data from the selected table
displayed in a tab-separated format suitable
for import into spreadsheets and relational databases. The ASCII
format may be read in any web browser or text editor. - selected fields from primary and related tables - user-selected
set of tab-separated fields
from the selected table and (optionally) other related tables as well. - sequence - DNA (or protein sequence, in some cases)
associated with the table. - BED - positions of data items in a standard UCSC Browser
format with the name
column containing exon information separated by underscores. - GTF - positions of all data items in a
limited gene transfer format
(both BED and GTF formats can be used as the basis for custom tracks). | <urn:uuid:62beccff-bbd7-4948-a21c-95f505da7ba5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://genome-asia.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTables?hgsid=735319445_0zcFY2rDGj8gaqkF6arNUFUyuPw0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.758144 | 1,344 | 2.578125 | 3 |
- CDS FASTA alignment from multiple alignment
- FASTA alignments of the CDS regions of a gene prediction track
using any of the multiple alignment tracks for the current database. Output sequence can be in either nucleotide-space or translated to
protein-space. Available only for genePred tracks. - custom track - customized Genome Browser annotation
track based on the results of the query. - hyperlinks to Genome Browser - returns a page full of
hyperlinks to the UCSC Genome Browser, one for each item in the table. - data points - the data points that make up a graph
(aka wiggle) track. - MAF - multiple alignments in MAF format
- Send output to Galaxy: displays results of query in
Galaxy, a framework for
interactive genome analysis. - Send output to GREAT: displays the functional enrichments of the
query results in GREAT, a tool for
analysis of the biological function of cis-regulatory regions. - file type returned: When a filename is entered in the
"output file" text box, specifies the format of the output file:
- plain text - data is in ASCII format
- gzip compressed - data is compressed in gzip format
- get output: Submits a data query based on the specified
parameters and returns the output. - summary/statistics: Displays statistics about the data
specified by the parameters. | <urn:uuid:62beccff-bbd7-4948-a21c-95f505da7ba5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://genome-asia.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTables?hgsid=735319445_0zcFY2rDGj8gaqkF6arNUFUyuPw0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.758144 | 1,344 | 2.578125 | 3 |
By Eric Freedman
In a startling turn-about, Lake Superior has lost its championship title as the clearest of the Great Lakes. Lake Huron — now in 1st place — and Lake Michigan in the 2nd spot have bumped Superior down to 3rd place, a new study of water clarity in the Upper Great Lakes shows. Lakes Erie and Ontario trail all three. “This is a change of significant historical and economic importance,” according to the study by scientists at Michigan Technological University, the University of Michigan, University of California Los Angeles and Colorado State University. “More important may be the ecological implications of the large increases in water clarity in lakes Huron and Michigan.”
Those include changes in the distribution and behavior of vertebrates and invertebrates such as spiny water fleas and other crustaceans. What accounts for the dramatic shift? The study published in the Journal of Great Lakes Research identified three principal factors:
One is a reduction in phosphorus entering lakes Huron and Michigan, largely from agricultural run-off of fertilizers. Heavy phosphorus levels can create algal blooms, such as the one in western Lake Erie that shut off Toledo’s water supply in 2014. The second is the proliferation of the invasive quagga mussels that feed on plankton as they filter the water of the lakes. The National Wildlife Federation reports that the estimated 10 trillion quagga and zebra mussels that blanket the lakes’ bottom “have succeeded in doubling water clarity during the past decade.”
While both types of mussels filter water, quaggas have the greater impact because they can survive in deeper and colder waters, said Robert Shuchman, co- director of the Michigan Tech Research Institute in Ann Arbor and a co-author of the study. “Their sheer numbers are the dominant filtering mechanism for water quality.”
The third factor is climate change, which has a more indirect impact on water clarity, Shuchman said. For example, warming water temperatures in Lake Superior could open the door for the arrival of invasives there, he said. And climate-driven extreme weather events, spring floods and farm field runoff can increase the amount of phosphorus entering rivers that empty into the Great Lakes. Increased water clarity isn’t necessary a good thing. | <urn:uuid:c487f29a-376c-42f1-b097-46eb5170015c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://greatlakesecho.org/2017/08/29/lake-superior-loses-ground-in-water-clarity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.93639 | 780 | 3.390625 | 3 |
According to the National Wildlife Federation, “Clearer water allows sunlight to penetrate to the lake bottom, creating ideal conditions for algae to grow” and thus enables the “growth and spread of deadly algal blooms. Algae foul beaches and cause botulism outbreaks that have killed countless fish and more than 70,000 aquatic birds in the last 10 years.”
In addition, the organization says, “Clear water may look nice to us, but the lack of plankton floating in the water” because of hungry quagga and zebra mussels “means less food for native fish.”
Shuchman said, “It is disruptive to the food web. You go from one-cell algae all the way up to the game fish people like to catch.”
Another negative: Clearer water promotes the growth of submerged aquatic vegetation, a native plant known as Cladophora that resembles angel hair underwater. Shuchman said poor water quality used to limit it to a maximum depth of about 20 feet but improved clarity lets it grow to as deep as 60 feet. “Storms come in and it literally gets ripped off its root mechanism and then ends up going on the beach,” as has happened at Sleeping Bear National Lakeshore on Lake Michigan. “It smells bad but also caused botulism and some major avian kills of seabirds,” he said. | <urn:uuid:c487f29a-376c-42f1-b097-46eb5170015c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://greatlakesecho.org/2017/08/29/lake-superior-loses-ground-in-water-clarity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.93639 | 780 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Diversity Assessment on Malaysian Benthic Macroalgae in Tioman Island and Tulai Candang Island, Pahang
Pulau Tioman is one of the popular tourism island in Malaysia and was gazetted as Marine Park in 1995 to protect
the valuable marine resources. Nowadays, species compositions of seaweed are decreasing gradually due to the major
environmental disturbance. Thus, due to the concerning on the availability of the seaweeds, the assessment was employed
from October 2011 until April 2016 in order to observe the changes in terms of density and richness of the marine algae. The
methodology were specimen collection, preservation of the sample, preparation of digital images, specimen identification
and herbarium specimen preparation. The herbarium specimens were deposited to Algae Herbarium, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia. The outcomes of the study have recorded 76 taxa out of 1176 collected specimens. The recorded taxa were from
division of Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Cyanophyta. Chlorophyta is reported having the highest number of
taxa for every assessment, followed by Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and the least number of taxa is Cyanophyta. Over six years
assessment, started from 2011, the species density were gradually change, then it was reduced suddenly in 2013. The
reduction in species density were twofold, later the species density getting lower and constant until now. There were several
species noticed as new record in Pulau Tioman and Pulau Tulai which are Acetabularia clavata, Anadyomene plicata,
Caulerpa cupressoides, Chaetomorpha ligustica, Dictyosphaeria versluysii, Gelidiella trinitatensis and Padina pavonica. The
work has successfully observed the changes in terms of density of the seaweed species throughout six years assessment. Index Terms- Benthic algae, diversity, seaweeds, Pulau Tioman, Pulau Tulai Candang. | <urn:uuid:0d09afa0-bf92-427b-9e0e-a719e06ca8dd> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://ijaseat.iraj.in/abstract.php?paper_id=7971 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.936106 | 436 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Even if your students are never going to become professional app developers, learning the fundamentals of programming can be helpful in understanding how software works. Learning programming basics also helps students develop a better understanding of “if, then” logic which can be applied to a wide variety of academic areas. Here are five iPad apps that can help students learn some programming basics. The Tynker iPad app features stories that students animate by completing a series of programming challenges. The programming happens by organizing a series of blocks that represent commands. In that way it is similar to apps like Daisy the Dinosaur and MIT’s App Inventor. The Tynker iPad app provides the first story / programming challenge for free. The subsequent challenges require in-app purchases. The first story contains twenty challenges for students. The Tynker iPad app could be a good one for elementary school students to use to begin to learn about the logic that is used in programming. Students older than ten or eleven may find the challenges too simple. Daisy the Dinosaur is a free iPad app designed to introduce young students to some programming basics. The app asks students to create commands for Daisy the Dinosaur to carry out. There is a free play mode in which students can make Daisy do whatever they want. But to get started you might want to have students work through the beginner challenges mode. Daisy the Dinosaur could be used with students as young as Kindergarten age. For older students older than eight or nine, try one of the following two apps. Hopscotch is a free iPad app that introduces students to programming logic. In Hopscotch students put command boxes into order to make cartoon avatars move and draw lines. Students can program one or all of the cartoon avatars to move and follow commands based on touch or on the movement of their iPads. Hopscotch was developed by the same people who developed Daisy the Dinosaur. Daisy the Dinosaur teaches kids under nine some basic programming logic. Using Hopscotch is a logical next step after completing the challenges in Daisy the Dinosaur. Cargo Bot is a fun and challenging game that students can play to learn some principles of logic and programming. The object of the game is to program a robot to complete increasingly complex sequences of tasks. | <urn:uuid:09b412c7-7edb-488e-80eb-6de28a4eea6c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://ipadapps4school.com/five-ipad-apps-that-help-students-learn-programming-basics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.949733 | 500 | 3.828125 | 4 |
あだな vs. 通称: Are They Really interchangeable? What is the difference between “あだな and 通称“? Both of them are not real names. Which is the right word for your friends: あだな or 通称? After reading this, you would be answering this question. Let me introduce what their subtle differences are and how you correctly use them such as native speakers today! Nickname / 绰号 / 별명 / Biệt danh
“あだな(あだ名)” means “Nickname” which is used as the meaning of “an informal name for only someone, especially a name that you are called by your friends or family, usually based on your real name or your character”. For instance, “Mike” would be “Mikey” in English and “Yuka(ゆか)” would be “Yuka-chan(ゆかちゃん)”, “Tatsuya(たつや)” would be “Tatsuya-kun(たつやくん)” in Japanese. Basically, “___chan(___ちゃん)” is used for girls and “___kun(くん)” is used for boys. Furthermore, “あだな(あだ名)” is used for only people, not things. AKA/Common Name / 俗称 / 속칭 / Tên thường gọi
“通称” means “AKA or Common Name” which is used as the meaning of “an informal name for someone or something, especially a name that something is called by everybody. For instance, “Pocket monster” would be “Pokemon”, “McDonald’s” would be “Mickey D’s, McDick’s and Macca’s”. So, “ポケットモンスター” would be “ポケモン” and “マクドナルド” would be “マック(in Tokyo) and マクド(in Osaka)”. Basically, 通称 is used for something or a company’s name etc, not for people. And “通称” sounds a little bit formal than あだな. If you don’t want to use “通称“, you would be able to use “___は○○と呼ばれています(___ is called ○○. )” instead of “___の通称は○○です(___ also known as ○○)”. | <urn:uuid:1fbb45e9-84c8-452a-9437-21469dd78d8c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://jpyokoso.com/adana-vs-tsuushou/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.924561 | 656 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Brain Improvement Program
Alzheimer’s disease strikes down the innocent and kills the hopes and dreams of millions of people every year. Everyone is waiting and hoping for an epiphany in drug discovery that will cure Alzheimer’s. Yet after decades of research with billions spent, no miraculous cure is on the horizon. In fact, most drugs available today for Alzheimer’s disease don’t even address its root causes. They merely attempt to boost memory temporarily while the disease itself progresses. Yet, there is reason for hope. Why? Alzheimer’s disease is preceded by a condition called Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or pre-Alzheimer’s. MCI is characterized by bothersome memory loss and cognitive difficulty that does not yet constitute dementia because people with MCI can still function in society and hold down their job. Yet studies show that approximately 10% of people with MCI progress to Alzheimer’s dementia each year. The greatest chance to alter the progression of this disease process is to begin treatment as early as possible, preferably at the MCI stage or very soon after the progression to early Alzheimer’s dementia. At the Leonardi Institute, for many years we’ve been researching the biochemistry of Alzheimer’s disease and how the chemistry underlying Alzheimer’s can be slowed, stopped and possibly even reversed. We know that the root causes of this disease result in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and the accumulation of a brain protein called beta amyloid, which is toxic to brain cells at higher concentrations. These root causes are destructive chemical processes related to aging. They include oxidative stress, glycation, inflammation, declining levels of vital hormones, the accumulation of brain-destructive metal ions and reduced energy production in brain cells. Please don’t be concerned about these terms with which you may not be familiar. That’s our job. We list them because we want you to know there’s a logical methodology to our program. It is largely spelled out in layman’s terms in our book, Alzheimer’s, Memory Loss and MCI: The Latest Science for Prevention and Treatment (see below). Since 1997, we’ve specialized in the control of these destructive root causes because they’re also involved in promoting all of the age-related diseases as well as aging itself. In doing so we’ve had tremendous success in helping our mature patients increase vitality (mental and physical vigor) and reduce the risk of contracting an age-related disease. | <urn:uuid:87e73360-596c-40d5-94f4-2eb7d74edfb7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://leonardiinstitute.com/brain-improvement-program | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.929655 | 1,342 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Nowhere is this more important than in slowing or arresting the brain and body chemistry behind Alzheimer’s. We’ve identified 32 natural therapeutic factors evident in hundreds of published studies that address these root causes of Alzheimer’s disease. They involve specific lifestyle changes, nutritional supplements that specifically target the Alzheimer’s processes and the balancing of natural hormone levels. Every one of these 32 elements is backed by studies published in peer-reviewed medical journals. Indeed, our book lists 240 references from the medical literature. Why 32 natural therapeutic factors? The reason is that Alzheimer’s is caused by multiple factors. Our book identifies 9 avenues of brain cell destruction that must be addressed to affect this disease (we’ve recently increased this to 11 avenues). Each of these avenues can be acted upon by one or more of our 32 therapeutic factors. The reason drug discovery has failed thus far is because no single drug can address all 11 of these avenues. A study was published in the journal Aging in September of 2014 by Dr. Dale Bredesen of UCLA. This was over a year after our book was published, elucidating our program. Dr. Bredesen had recruited ten patients at various stages of pre-Alzheimer’s or Alzheimer’s and applied a program very similar to ours but a bit less comprehensive. Nine of the ten patients exhibited subjective or objective improvement beginning within 3-6 months after starting the program. Here is the published abstract of Dr. Bredesen’s study:
Dr. Bredesen’s study exhibits a remarkable achievement, but it should be noted that such a “pilot” study is uncontrolled and therefore doesn’t prove success according to the scientific method. It is excellent preliminary evidence that this type of program may be effective and warrants further study before being adopted by the medical community at large. Waiting for that level of certainty will be many years down the road, arriving too late for those suffering memory loss today. Of our 32 natural factors, none has been shown to reverse Alzheimer’s disease consistently by itself. Based on our 240 scientific references and dozens of newer ones since publication of our book along with Dr. Bredesen’s clinical results, we are optimistic that a combination of all of them used together will slow, arrest or possibly reverse the progress of memory loss, MCI or Alzheimer’s disease. | <urn:uuid:87e73360-596c-40d5-94f4-2eb7d74edfb7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://leonardiinstitute.com/brain-improvement-program | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.929655 | 1,342 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Implementing these 32 natural factors requires a combination of healthful lifestyle changes, specific nutritional supplements to interfere with Alzheimer’s chemistry, and bioidentical hormone balancing (since hormonal changes with aging appear to play a strong role in the Alzheimer’s pathology). At the Leonardi Institute, we’ve designed a comprehensive program specifically for people with MCI (pre-Alzheimer’s) and early Alzheimer’s disease who want to achieve these goals and are willing to expend some effort beyond taking a pill. Our Brain Improvement Program holds tremendous potential for the treatment of MCI, mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease, and normal brain aging. This program is not, however, for patients with severe Alzheimer’s disease. The earlier in the process one begins, the greater the potential benefit. If you are looking for a comprehensive approach, not just a pill, that offers the best chance to change the course of Alzheimer’s disease in your or a loved-one’s life, we believe we can help. Please note that this is a new program and doesn’t yet have a history of delivering specific results. You may read more about our program by ordering our book, Alzheimer’s, Memory Loss and MCI: The Latest Science for Prevention and Treatment. It is available on Amazon.com or by phoning our office. We begin with a comprehensive evaluation called a BRAINSTART® (BRAIN STatus And Risk Targeting). Click here for a description and pricing. | <urn:uuid:87e73360-596c-40d5-94f4-2eb7d74edfb7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://leonardiinstitute.com/brain-improvement-program | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.929655 | 1,342 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Related ImagesSee the photographs related to this lesson
Using the websites below, explore the ways in which photography, art and social media are used to take action on issues of social injustice and advocate for change. Ask students to record the ways in which each organization is documenting injustice and/or atrocities. What are the tools that each organization uses to bring attention to these issues? Photographers and Social Justice
PhotoSensitive is a non-profit collective whose projects focus on North American issues, including poverty, hunger, illness, racism, ignorance and injustice. But the collective also focuses on the antidotes to these problems: the hope found in the face of adversity, the laughter and love that make the difficulties of life tolerable, and the simple pleasures that lighten dark lives. PhotoSensitive's photographers use the camera to tell stories, make social comments and spur viewers to action. World Press Photo is committed to supporting and advancing high standards in photojournalism and documentary photography worldwide. We believe in the power of visual journalism to inspire and shape us. Artists and Social Justice
Ai WeiWei is a Chinese artist and activist who has been very critical of the Chinese government's policies on democracy and human rights. Brian Jungen is a Canadian artist of Swiss and Dunne-za heritage who has risen to prominence over the last decade by creating artwork that repurposes objects from contemporary culture - including plastic lawn chairs, golf bags and Nike Air Jordans - to reflect Aboriginal symbols and traditions. Using Social Media - The Sentinel Project
While governments with the power to stop genocide and save lives have stood by and done nothing in the past, civil society - ordinary people and non-governmental organizations - can still make a difference. Since genocide can be prevented by acting before it begins, the Sentinel Project is working to make this pre-emptive action possible through the creation of an early-warning system and cooperation with threatened communities and other anti-genocide organizations. Read the interview with Chris Tuckwood of the Sentinel Project and identify the challenges and triumphs that he and his organization have experienced. What tools did Tuckwood use to overcome the obstacles he faced and begin to create change? Creating a Toolbox for Change
Studying difficult histories can be challenging, as students can feel overwhelmed and powerless in the face of injustice. | <urn:uuid:2e0335a6-ac25-40d1-baac-25735795d876> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://lodzghetto.ago.ca/collectionoverview/66100?t:state:flow=1ca8c15a-af65-4f89-aa90-46dcf82fa783 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96707 | 2,114 | 3.375 | 3 |
It is important that students are taken safely in and out of these experiences with the knowledge that their choices matter and they have the ability to take action to create change. A great way to start thinking about this process is by creating a Toolbox for Change. The types of tools that each of us requires will vary depending on individual needs and the issue at hand. For example, I might put a coin in my toolbox to represent the fact that I need funding to run a successful project. Alternatively, I might put a drawing of a heart in my toolbox to show that I need to empathize with and strive to understand others in order to create meaningful change. The possibility for different types of tools is endless; this will demonstrate that there are many ways to create change. Ask students to consider all the tools that have been used by the different individuals and organizations. Then ask them to consider an issue they are passionate about and think about what tools they need to create change. Hand out sticky notes to all students and have them each write down one tool for their Toolbox for Change. Students should come up one by one and post their sticky notes on the wall. As they post their notes on the wall, students may briefly describe the tools they selected and why they selected them. All over the world, individuals are documenting issues that their communities are facing. We encounter this documentation in many different places: on Facebook, through Twitter, on Instagram, on TV, in newspapers, in books, in theatre and in visual art. As witnesses or recipients of this information, what is our responsibility to act, and what can we do once we have this information? Chris Tuckwood, Executive Director of the Sentinel Project. How would you describe the goals or mandate of the Sentinel Project? Our mission is to assist communities threatened by mass atrocities around the world. There are two important pillars to this mission. First, we emphasize working on the ground, cooperating with the people in harm's way. Second, we use innovative technology to achieve our mission whenever possible. What inspired you to start the Sentinel Project? I was 16 years old when I first learned about the Rwandan genocide from a documentary on television. | <urn:uuid:2e0335a6-ac25-40d1-baac-25735795d876> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://lodzghetto.ago.ca/collectionoverview/66100?t:state:flow=1ca8c15a-af65-4f89-aa90-46dcf82fa783 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96707 | 2,114 | 3.375 | 3 |
Something about it really resonated with me and I decided to devote my life to stopping things like that from happening again. Of course, I didn't know how to achieve that when I first started out, but I educated myself a lot about genocide. When I got to university, I had an opportunity to become a student leader in the movement to stop the genocide in Darfur. We were very successful on our own campus, but I wanted to have a more direct way of helping people in danger on the other side of the world. That's where the idea of predicting and preventing atrocities using the modern tools available to us started and grew into the Sentinel Project. In the work that you do, what resources or tools have you found to be the most helpful? Definitely people – and I'm not just saying that because it sounds like a good thing to say. If I go back to the two pillars of our mission that I mentioned earlier, they are both really important, but that community cooperation on the ground with people whose lives are threatened really makes our mission happen. There are lots of cool things we use, like drones, satellite imagery and networks of people gathering information with mobile phones. But those technologies are tools, and if there's nobody to use them, we're not going to succeed. Technology enables us to do most things more effectively, but at the end of the day, it's people who save lives, whether they're our volunteers here in Toronto, our staff on the ground, or community members working with us to prevent atrocities. What obstacles and challenges have you faced? Think of one you were able to overcome and describe how you succeeded in overcoming it. The biggest obstacle we've faced in our history so far has definitely been related to finding funding for our work. The fact is that people make things happen, but money helps them do that in a big way. We really struggled with this early on, since we started the organization from nothing and had basically no money. Ultimately, solving that problem came down to a few different things: persistence, catching people's attention with our important work and taking some risks. If we had quit early on, we wouldn't be where we are now, doing this important work. | <urn:uuid:2e0335a6-ac25-40d1-baac-25735795d876> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://lodzghetto.ago.ca/collectionoverview/66100?t:state:flow=1ca8c15a-af65-4f89-aa90-46dcf82fa783 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96707 | 2,114 | 3.375 | 3 |
At the same time, if a few of us hadn't been willing to take the leap and invest our own personal money to fund some of our first fieldwork in Kenya, then we would never have caught the attention of funders to do really impactful work in the field. It all came down those three things: persistence, an important cause and taking a risk. Describe the process or steps you went through to develop a particular project and see it through to a successful conclusion. The fieldwork I just mentioned is the best example, since Kenya (where I'm travelling to as I write this) is home to our flagship Una Hakika project right now. A couple of years ago, there were a series of interethnic massacres in a part of Kenya called the Tana Delta, where violence like this is common. It got a little bit of attention in the international media, but we wanted to see behind the headlines and learn about how and why it happened. That's when a couple of us booked flights to Kenya, rented a car and drove out to the conflict zone to talk to people and learn from them. We didn't go in with any solutions in mind; we really just wanted to better understand the problem and then see what we could do. Ultimately, this inspired the idea for Una Hakika, which is a mobile phone–based information service that monitors and counters the spread of incendiary rumours that contribute to the atmosphere of fear, distrust and hatred in the Tana Delta. Now, when people there hear a rumour that another ethnic group is planning to attack them, they can use a reliable source of information to investigate it for them rather than reacting right away. They can ask “Una hakika?” – “Are you sure?” in Swahili – and come to us. The project is at an early stage but has been really successful so far and we have big plans for it throughout Kenya and even in other countries. That process we followed in the Tana Delta has served us well: recognizing a crisis and going to gather information with open minds rather than having preconceived notions and bringing in outside solutions that might not fix the problem. Now we do the same thing everywhere we operate – it's an essential part of that community cooperation that we emphasize. | <urn:uuid:2e0335a6-ac25-40d1-baac-25735795d876> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://lodzghetto.ago.ca/collectionoverview/66100?t:state:flow=1ca8c15a-af65-4f89-aa90-46dcf82fa783 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96707 | 2,114 | 3.375 | 3 |
What do you think would be a good first step for someone in high school who wants to make a difference? When you're young, it can seem daunting to be faced with a big problem that you want to solve, especially if it's one with global importance. However, the fact is that those problems seem daunting at any age, so it's never too early to start doing something. Lots of impressive things are achieved by people both young and old. And doing something also doesn't mean you have to run out and start an organization right away – though, if you want to do that, then go for it, because ambition goes a long way. The first step, no matter what, should be self-education about whatever issue it is that you care about. Starting with self-education about genocide when I was high school meant that by the time I got to university and then out into the so-called real world, I already had a lot of expertise on the topic and was confident and comfortable taking a leadership role and talking about it with anyone. Self-education also reinforces the fact that learning does not begin and end with the classroom. Gaining knowledge is within your power, and if self-education is the first step in making the difference you want, it's going to help you figure out all the steps after that. | <urn:uuid:2e0335a6-ac25-40d1-baac-25735795d876> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://lodzghetto.ago.ca/collectionoverview/66100?t:state:flow=1ca8c15a-af65-4f89-aa90-46dcf82fa783 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96707 | 2,114 | 3.375 | 3 |
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Photography as Witness
During the final liquidation of the Lodz Ghetto, Ross buried his negatives with other artifacts in the ground to preserve the photographic record he had created. Some inhabitants remained in the ghetto after the final liquidation to close down the factories, clean up and sort possessions. In January, 1945 as the Red Army approached Lodz the Germans ordered the remaining residents to dig mass graves. Instead, they went into hiding. There were 877 still hiding in the camp when the Red Army liberated Lodz on January 19, 1945. Henryk Ross, and his wife Stefania, were among them. Following the liberation of the ghetto, Ross excavated the box of negatives and recovered this extraordinary archive. Although significant material was damaged, almost 3,000 negatives survived—the most comprehensive known collection of Holocaust ghetto photographs by a single Jewish photographer. Ross’s work was preserved through an act of will. They demonstrate photography’s ability to bear witness to history and serve as a catalyst for change; to foster sympathy, awareness, and even critical commentary. Ross’s photographs aim to capture the events he witnessed—though the stories they tell are still open to new understandings. | <urn:uuid:7ee780a4-789e-4316-8a0a-401b2eec504b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://lodzghetto.ago.ca/view/objects/asimages/67399?t:state:flow=c05dcfd1-0d25-437c-977e-16e5162ca8f0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970794 | 249 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Three coordinates is the 3D coordinate measuring machine, it refers to the measurable in 3D space range, according to the data measured by probe, through the software system to calculate all kinds of geometry shape, size and other parameters. Three coordinates measuring instrument can be defined as a kind of detector that can be moved to 3 directions, can be moved along three perpendicular guide rail. This detector transfer signals through contact or non-contact type. The basic principle of coordinate measuring machine is putting the parts to be tested in the allowed range, measuring the coordinates of the points on the work-piece surface accurately, processing these values through measuring software, best fitting form measuring elements, such as round, ball, cylindrical, cone, curve and so on, through mathematical calculation method to get the geometric shape and position tolerances and other data. Please inform us if any questions or advice | <urn:uuid:4c0e7b84-e360-4cdf-b16c-f87524a1c941> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://m.cmm-nano.com/info/the-principle-of-coordinate-measuring-machine-21664665.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.894813 | 178 | 3.40625 | 3 |
At present, artificial intelligence technology has been widely applied in many industries and fields such as AI chips, AI platforms, intelligent Internet of things, autopilot, machine translation, commerce, manufacturing, law, news, finance, medical care, education, and services, and even Great progress has also been made in the arts of painting, singing and poetry creation. Various types of artificial intelligence interactive media have begun to enter millions of households. In 2017, it became the AI's outbreak year. Many publications such as "The Wall Street Journal", "Forbes" and "Fortune" are called "the first year of artificial intelligence", and humans have begun to enter the era of intelligence. welding overlay fittings
Seize the opportunities brought by the new era, fully use artificial intelligence technology, promote the development of ship inspection technology and service means, and face rare opportunities. At this stage, several ideas for using artificial intelligence technology in the inspection of ships. pipe fittings
R&D drawings assist in the review of intelligent systems. Realize the accurate identification of paper or electronic drawings and data, and connect it with various engineering calculation systems, and use the large data accumulated in the existing multi-year review plans for the deep learning of artificial intelligence systems, and the greatest degree of autonomousness of artificial intelligence systems. Completion of vessel calculations and other drawings review of ship stability, structure, freeboard, tonnage, shafting, short-circuit currents, etc., drafting related manuscripts, and complex judgements performed by the surveyor with the assistance of the system. Surveyors can use artificial intelligence systems to achieve a rapid leap in the efficiency and quality of drawing reviews. ansi flange
R&D site auxiliary inspection intelligent system. Assist the surveyor in completing various aspects of on-site work such as structural arrangement inspection, line inspection, weld appearance inspection, non-destructive flaw detection, equipment installation inspection, marine product verification, internal inspection in the ship, partial ship testing, and shipyard data review. Some of the project inspections can be carried out at the same time as the construction and equipment installation. Some of the projects can also carry out project inspections at night after people have rested, and draft inspection documents after inspection. The surveyor can complete the inspection work with the online and offline method through the remote interaction with the auxiliary inspection robot.piping spool
Research and development of technical standards for intelligent systems. Artificial intelligence is a new driving force for the development of science and technology. | <urn:uuid:186c1d42-5030-40e1-9f7e-ffde078c7088> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://m.glenflanges.com/news/six-ideas-for-ship-inspection-artificial-int-14341917.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.923152 | 952 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The existing technical standard research systems and methods can be upgraded through artificial intelligence. In the current research work on ship inspection technical standards, a large amount of data processing, analysis, operation verification, and even some drafting of documents can be completed by an artificial intelligence system. At the same time, in this process, the artificial intelligence system can continuously learn the experience of people's research methods, so that the accumulation of experience in technical standards research work is no longer entirely dependent on the long-term practical work of researchers, and researchers can get a lot of experience from the beginning Guidance. Through the combination of the existing technology standard research system and artificial intelligence system, the research efficiency and quality of technical standards can be greatly improved, and technological innovation can be realized more quickly. R&D surveyor training and technical support intelligence systems. Comprehensive use of pattern recognition, natural speech recognition, virtual reality and other technologies to establish a new surveyor training and technical support system. Changes in the existing surveyor training and technical support by the artificial instruction, the master with the apprentice, documents, etc. The main mode, so that the surveyor can get high quality and efficient training and real-time technical support. Build China Ship Supercomputer Center. In order to realize the efficient application of artificial intelligence systems and simultaneously achieve rapid self-iteration of artificial intelligence systems, the China Ship Supercomputing Center can be established to transfer various types of engineering calculations, information processing, and intelligent services to the computing center and use the next-generation network. Communication technology is linked to each ship inspection worksite, making it an intelligent brain for Chinese ship inspections. Establish an organized collaboration system. In order to construct various artificial intelligence systems for ship inspections and continue to innovate, it is necessary to collaborate, not only the extensive collaboration within the ship inspection system, but more importantly, the cooperation with various external R&D institutions. The results achieved by organized collaboration must go beyond temporary cooperation and it is necessary to establish a relatively stable collaborative relationship with external scientific research institutions so that the latest scientific and technological development results can be properly applied in the inspection of ships, and the continuous innovation of ship inspection work can be promoted. . | <urn:uuid:186c1d42-5030-40e1-9f7e-ffde078c7088> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://m.glenflanges.com/news/six-ideas-for-ship-inspection-artificial-int-14341917.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.923152 | 952 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A recent national report co-authored by Edmonds Community College’s Mel Cossette asserts that U.S. innovation will require the production and retention of workers skilled in STEM (science, technology, engineering and math). “The purpose of this report was to shed light on the relatively underappreciated roles and contributions of engineering technicians and technologists,” said Mel Cossette, executive director and principal investigator of the National Resource Center for Materials Technology Education (MatEdU) and coauthor of the report, “Engineering Technology Education in the United States.” MatEdU, a National Science Foundation Advanced Technological Education funded center, is housed at Edmonds Community College. The report presents and analyzes the findings and recommendations in four areas: the nature of engineering technology education, supply and demand, educational and employment pathways, and data collection and analysis. According to Cossette, the focus has been on four-year degrees in engineering; however, two-year community and technical colleges are graduating “excellent” technicians in engineering technology. The report makes the following comparison: If engineers are viewed as being responsible for designing the nation’s technological systems, then engineering technicians and technologists are the ones who help build and keep those systems running. “The demand for trained engineering technicians is high because it takes a support team with many technicians to support one engineer,” Cossette said. Edmonds CC offers Engineering Technology associate degrees in Materials Science Technology, Manufacturing and Materials Science Technology, and Robotics and Electronics, and certificates in Aircraft Electronics Technician and Basic Electronics. “Many potential technician students are not aware of interesting and rewarding careers as engineering technicians,” Cossette wrote in “Educational Pathways for Engineering Technicians,” an article for the National Academy of Engineering’s publication “The Bridge” (Summer 2017 edition) and co-authored with colleague Daniel Hull. “They may not also know that U.S. two-year colleges offer relatively low tuition and strong opportunities for technician graduates to enter the workforce at annual starting salaries exceeding $50,000.” | <urn:uuid:2988a516-d0e2-421f-8d4b-271d723c4039> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://nextgenerationscience.info/determining-the-value-of-a-two-year-degree-in-engineering/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.944771 | 447 | 2.6875 | 3 |
examination on the patient medical check up, in the modern city, chest x ray has become a liability, because of greater life expectancy, compared to developing countries and poor countries. Fig . below, an example of a normal chest x ray
“Normal chest x ray” pediatric
Standard posteroanterior chest radiograph demonstrated the striking contrast between the heart and lungs. The chest radiograph is the most frequently performed radiographic study in the United States. It should almost always be the first radiologic study ordered for evaluation of diseases of the thorax. The natural contrast of the aerated lungs provides a window into the body to evaluate the patient for diseases involving the heart, lungs, pleurae, tracheobronchial tree, esophagus, thoracic lymph nodes, thoracic skeleton, chest wall, and upper abdomen. In both acute and chronic illnesses, the chest radiograph allows one to detect a disease and monitor its response to therapy. For many disease processes (e.g., pneumonia and congestive heart failure) the diagnosis can be established and the disease followed to resolution with no further imaging studies. There are limitations to the chest radiograph, and diseases may not be sufficiently advanced to be detected or may not result in detectable abnormalities. Other imaging methods are needed to complement the conventional chest radiograph. These imaging methods include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, ultrasound (US), and radionuclide studies. These techniques, their clinical uses. | <urn:uuid:bc86c536-3487-4064-b539-7d699c9606bd> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://radiology-information.blogspot.com/2015/04/normal-chest-x-ray.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.903819 | 307 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Shout and Tap the individual
- If no response proceed to step 2. - If there is a response CPR is not necessary
- Call 911
- Keep the phone near by to provide location information as well as to receive additional instruction from the 911 dispatcher
- Trained bystanders
- Provide CPR
- Push at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute
- To a depth of 2” for adults
- 1/3 the depth of chest for infants and children
- Provide breaths at a 30:2 rate of compressions to breaths
- Check for breathing
- Continue to provide CPR until the victim begins to breath or emergency services arrive
Hopefully you never need to perform CPR but just in case this quick guide should help. Sequence provided by: American Heart Association CPR Guidelines: quick action, more teamwork key to saving more lives | <urn:uuid:39371acf-fb9a-4b29-b705-b1d97f0b3a60> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://reboundclinic.com/cpr-review-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.914048 | 176 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Checklist - Part 1:
Tanks and Stands
Now that you have worked on your game plan,
it is time to begin working the first part of our checklist. In this month's article we are going to discuss the aquarium,
the aquarium stand and its location. While you would think
that it would be a simple to choose an aquarium and stand,
there are many things to consider before doing so. While choosing an aquarium sounds simple,
there are many different choices available to the reef hobbyist
today. Aquariums which come in all shapes and sizes, that
can fit into almost any space, and fit the needs of the most
demanding hobbyist, are only a short drive or a phone call
away. Because of this, we need to ensure that the aquarium
will not only fit our needs but also the needs of the animals
that we wish to keep. The most common suggestion is to start
with the largest aquarium that you can afford which will fit
in the available space. I agree, and I have found that no
matter how much I upgrade, I still always wish for a larger
aquarium. Once I have a larger aquarium, I soon wish for a
larger house and then the vicious cycle starts again. While there are many successful small reef
aquarium keepers, it is easier to start with a larger aquarium
for the following reasons:
Stability - A larger aquarium will
be more stable than a smaller aquarium. The salt content or
specific gravity will not deviate as much in a larger aquarium,
due to evaporation, as it will in a smaller aquarium. For
example, a gallon of evaporation on a 10-gallon aquarium will
have a much larger impact on the specific gravity when compared
to 5 gallons of evaporation on a 100-gallon aquarium. Another
area where stability is important is related to aquarium temperature. In a larger aquarium the amount of overheating or heat loss
will be less than the amount in a smaller aquarium. Larger
volumes of water are much better at holding aquarium temperatures
constant than a smaller volume of water. Dilution - A larger aquarium will
absorb mistakes or fish losses easier than a smaller aquarium. If a smaller aquarium is overfed or an animal is lost, the
impact on the aquarium will be greater than that on a larger
aquarium. | <urn:uuid:b9daded9-13fb-4df7-a575-dbd99989d6b5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2002-03/dw/index.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.913302 | 4,915 | 2.59375 | 3 |
If an animal dies in a smaller aquarium it will
have a larger impact on the filtration and overall water quality
than an animal dying in a larger aquarium. Because of its
ability to dilute waste or other water quality issues, the
larger volume of water allows some margin for error. For example,
if a two-inch fish dies in a 20-gallon aquarium, it will impact
the water quality much more than if the same size fish dies
in a 50-gallon aquarium. A larger aquarium provides you with more
choices for aquarium inhabitants - I have witnessed more mistakes
in this particular area than almost any area of the hobby. Many new reef keepers, including myself, have a tendency to
overload smaller aquariums with fish. Many of us start out
with the intention of having only a few fish in a small aquarium,
but end up adding too many fish and overloading the filtration
system. Another added benefit of a larger aquarium, as long
as the proper fish are chosen, is the fish have more room
to define a territory and less of a chance of aggression against
each other. For those that are new to the hobby, territoriality
relates to the amount of space that a certain fish requires
to remain healthy. Fish such as tangs, damsels or even clownfish
require a certain amount of space where no other animals of
the same species reside. The most common mistake is keeping
two or more of the same species of territorial fish together,
where these fish will often fight until the weakest animal
dies. This is not to say that all same species of fish cannot
be kept together in the same tank, but choose fish carefully
when considering doing so. Aquariums that are tall, while visually appealing to some,
have issues as far as lighting and swimming space is concerned. Depending upon the types of light-loving corals that you wish
to keep, you need to take into consideration the amount of
light needed to keep them healthy and thriving. As an example,
a reef keeper that wishes to keep SPS type corals and clams
near the bottom will need an intense, high-powered lighting
system for a taller aquarium, whereas less would be required
over a shorter aquarium. | <urn:uuid:b9daded9-13fb-4df7-a575-dbd99989d6b5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2002-03/dw/index.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.913302 | 4,915 | 2.59375 | 3 |
An aquarium that is larger than 24
to 30 inches will require very strong lighting if high light-loving
animals are going to be kept in the bottom half of the aquarium. One other thing to take in to account if you are going to
use a deep sand bed for substrate, is that you can purchase
a taller aquarium because the sand bed will allow the animals
to be closer to the light. In simple terms, a 30-inch tall
aquarium is only 24 inches tall with a 6 inch deep sand bed
in place. A deep sand bed creates a shorter distance from
bottom to top. The other height issue to bear in mind when
purchasing and aquarium is that fish normally swim back and
forth, not up and down. Finally, you need to consider the
depth of the aquarium versus the length of your arms. If the
aquarium is too tall, when placed on a stand, it can be very
difficult to reach to the bottom for maintenance, or to clean
The length of the aquarium will impact the amount of swimming
space available for fish and will limit the types of larger
reef fish that can be kept. A two-foot long aquarium will
not keep active swimmers very happy which can lead to aggressiveness
or other issues with aquarium inhabitants. While there are
fish that will be fine in a narrow aquarium, make sure that
you research their needs first before purchasing the wrong
The width of the aquarium is another issue that should be
taken into consideration. The front- to- back dimensions will
impact the amount of room for aquascaping and visual viewing
depth. While an aquarium that is 12 inches wide will accommodate
a nice aqauscaping scheme, an aquarium that is 18 inches wide
will give a deeper visual impact. While an extra six inches
of space does not seem like a large amount of space, it will
allow for a more realistic rock structure and more space for
corals. For example, complaints are often heard from owners
of 55 gallon aquariums because the available width does not
allow for the aquascaping plan they had intended to use. I
have found that a wider aquarium offers more stability when
placed on carpeting. The larger footprint helps ensure that
the aquarium will be less susceptible to tipping. | <urn:uuid:b9daded9-13fb-4df7-a575-dbd99989d6b5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2002-03/dw/index.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.913302 | 4,915 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The overall length, width and height of
the aquarium will also affect the amount of oxygen available
to the aquarium inhabitants. The surface area of a longer,
wider aquarium will allow more oxygen to be available to the
aquarium inhabitants than an aquarium which is shorter and
narrower. The larger air/surface interface will allow for
more available oxygen in the water in a longer, wider aquarium. I am not suggesting that you run out and
purchase a 200-gallon aquarium. However, I do suggest that
you use the game plan that you created last month, to help
you choose the best aquarium for the animals that you wish
to keep. A nice starter size aquarium that will allow for
a good combination of fish, equipment, oxygenation and visual
appeal is the standard 40-gallon breeder aquarium. The aquarium
dimensions are 3 feet in length, by 18 inches in width and
20 inches in height. The next size that I would recommend
for a larger starter aquarium is the 75-gallon, which has
dimensions of 4 feet in length, by 18 inches in width and
20 inches in height. A taller aquarium can be used if you
are going to utilize a deep sand bed for your substrate. Included below is a chart of common aquarium
sizes and dimensions:
Size in gallons
Available in Acrylic
L" x W" x H"
Acrylic or Glass
36 x 12 x 16
Glass - breeder tank
36 x 18 x 12
36 x 15 x 16
Glass - breeder tank
36 x 18x 16
Acrylic or Glass
48 x 13 x 20
Acrylic or Glass
48 x 18 x 20
Acrylic or Glass
48 x 24 x 24
72 x 18 x 20
72 x 18 x 22
72 x 18 x 24
72 x 24 x 24
96 x 24 x 20
*(Above information provided by All-Glass
Aquarium and Tenecor
Glass or acrylic? The most commonly available
aquariums are normally made of glass or acrylic. The advantages
and disadvantages of both types of aquariums are as follows. Advantages of a Glass Aquarium:
Glass aquariums cost less than acrylic
aquariums. Because glass aquariums are so common and widely
available they normally cost much less than their acrylic
counterparts. An All Glass Aquarium 40 gallon breeder aquarium
has a cost of approximately $80.00(US) whereas the same size
aquarium in acrylic has a cost of approximately $250.00(US). | <urn:uuid:b9daded9-13fb-4df7-a575-dbd99989d6b5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2002-03/dw/index.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.913302 | 4,915 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Glass aquariums are available in many common
sizes. In almost any local fish store or pet shop you will
find a very large selection of different sized glass aquariums. Glass aquariums are more resistant to scratches
than acrylic. While a glass aquarium can be scratched, it
is much harder to scratch a glass aquarium than an acrylic
aquarium. You can use a razor blade or abrasive scrapers to
clean a glass aquarium whereas the same tools used on an acrylic
aquarium would be disastrous. Disadvantages of a Glass Aquarium:
Glass aquariums are heavy. A 90-gallon
glass aquarium has an empty weight of 160 pounds where an
acrylic aquarium will weight of approximately 80 pounds. The
weights can vary depending upon the thickness of the glass
or acrylic used to manufacture the aquarium. Glass aquariums are more susceptible to
leaks and breakage. The seams are more susceptible to leaks
because they are bound together with silicone whereas acrylic
has a molecular bond, which is said to be five times stronger. An accidental bump with a blunt object or an object thrown
into a glass aquarium could be disastrous. Many of the larger,
thicker glass aquariums can handle these accidents but can
still be broken. Glass aquariums seams are more visible
and susceptible to failure. The seams, where the glass is
joined, are more visible and normally have an annoying green
tint. Many used aquariums are also susceptible to silicone
dry rot. If a used glass aquarium is left empty for a long
period of time the silicone which bonds the seams together
can dry out and become brittle. Also, if any medication is
used, there is a strong chance that the silicone will discolor
and take on a blue tint. Advantages of Acrylic Aquariums:
Acrylic aquariums are available in almost
any shape and size. Unlike glass, acrylic aquariums can be
made into circular shapes, tube shapes and all of the other
common shapes that are not offered in glass. Acrylic aquariums are visibly clearer than
glass aquariums. Glass aquariums, especially thick glass,
have a tendency to distort the view of the inhabitants. Most
acrylic does not have the common green tint that is normally
associated with standard glass aquariums. Acrylic may still
have color, and this should be taken in to consideration when
purchasing your tank. Acrylic aquariums are much lighter than
glass aquariums. | <urn:uuid:b9daded9-13fb-4df7-a575-dbd99989d6b5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2002-03/dw/index.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.913302 | 4,915 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Verb(1) entrap(2) twist together or entwine into a confusing mass
(1) Current-day Zen writers often seem to cloud their writing with an overlay demonstrating their likableness or they entangle themselves in a scholarly snarl. (2) Before now scientists only managed to entangle a few atoms close together, raising a question mark over the practicality of quantum technology. (3) Otto returned to Rome in 997, reinstalled Gregory and made Rome his capital, which would displease the Germans and entangle him in fierce Roman factional politics. (4) The act was also not supposed to entangle reporters in a net of prison sentences, either as recipients of leaks or as disclosers in their own right. (5) He growled in annoyance as he hacked through an appendage trying to entangle his legs. (6) Inspired by South American cowboys, some forces deploy bolas, several yards of rope weighted with rubber balls, to entangle a suspect's legs. (7) For each person it might just be one reason, or a variety of reasons, that entangles them in a seemingly inescapable web of violence. (8) He grabbed her hand and entangled their fingers together instead. (9) Emily gracefully spun to face him and caught the whip in her still entangled right hand. (10) We have told both parties repeatedly, publicly and loudly to get out of our way and stop entangling our campaign with their schemes. (11) I can't seem to even get past the CD singles stand without entangling my foot around a badly placed world music display. (12) We are hopelessly entangled in dust, work and the British monetary system. (13) You're so entangled in it, and so concerned about the details of your current situation, that you miss the big picture. (14) With their hands still entangled together, they looked at their family innocently. (15) Otway is doing all it can to persuade local fishermen to cut penguins free from their nets when they get entangled with a catch. (16) Chicks more than a week old are removed from their nests between early March to May by using curved needles tied to a rope which are inserted into the nest cavities entangling the chicks. | <urn:uuid:f3b9893f-d695-4047-bf1b-ecbe0eac0035> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://samoan.english-dictionary.help/?q=entangle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.933155 | 603 | 2.515625 | 3 |
(1) entangle :: entangle
1. twist ::
2. catch ::
3. involve ::
4. mat ::
5. mire ::
1. disentangle ::
entangle, entangled, entanglement, entanglements, entangles, entangling
English to Samoan Dictionary: entangle
Meaning and definitions of entangle, translation in Samoan language for entangle with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of entangle in Samoan and in English language. Tags for the entry "entangle"
What entangle means in Samoan, entangle meaning in Samoan, entangle definition, examples and pronunciation of entangle in Samoan language. | <urn:uuid:f3b9893f-d695-4047-bf1b-ecbe0eac0035> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://samoan.english-dictionary.help/?q=entangle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.933155 | 603 | 2.515625 | 3 |
This document outlines how the activity might be linked to the NGSS as part of a classroom lesson. This experiment would work well with students from 4th to 8th grade. It covers standards such as energy transfer between the reaction and the environment, how energy can measured in the form of temperature, the creation of new substances from old ones and the properties of different states such as liquid, solid and gas. It also focuses on the use of catalysts and the explanation behind why we use them. Science Discipline(s) Chemistry Topics Exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions, and catalysts. Activity Title Elephant toothpaste Materials
- ½ cup of 6 % Hydrogen Peroxide (1 cup if using 3%)
- Large soda bottle
- Liquid soap
- Food coloring
- 1 package of 8 oz. active yeast
- 3 tablespoons of warm water
- Overflow box
- Paper towels
- Add yeast and water in a container or cup, stir then let it sit for a few minutes. - Place the plastic bottle in the cake pan or overflow box and pour approximately 1⁄2 cup of hydrogen peroxide into the plastic bottle/container. - Add 2-3 squirts of dish soap to hydrogen peroxide to the bottle/container. Swirl the mixture in the container to mix it up a bit. - Quickly add the yeast mixture to the bottle/container. - Foam will begin to shoot up and out of the bottle and into the container. The kids can place their hands on the bottle to feel the change in temperature and can also play with the suds. - What would happen if we changed the amount of yeast being used? - What are the important components of this reaction? How would you design an experiment to test which are important components? - How would changing the amount hydrogen peroxide affect the amount of foam created or how quickly it formed? How would you test this hypothesis? - What would happen if you didn’t add soap to the mixture? - How would adding dry yeast differ from yeast that was mixed with warm water? - How would changing the shape of the bottle to a cup change what happened in the reaction? - Why is there steam coming off of the foam? | <urn:uuid:13510b86-74db-4ab1-a441-45bfec455912> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://scactivities.cikeys.com/elephant-toothpaste/for-teachers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.94395 | 464 | 4.21875 | 4 |
As most real-world environments are three-dimensional, deep learning models designed to analyze videos or complete tasks in real-world environments should ideally be trained on 3-D data. Technological tools such as robots, self-driving vehicles, smartphones, and other devices are currently generating a growing amount of 3-D data that could eventually be processed by deep learning algorithms. Up until now, however, training deep learning algorithms on this vast amount of 3-D data has been relatively difficult, as the necessary tools and platforms are only accessible to some artificial intelligence (AI) researchers. To address this lack of readily available tools, a team of researchers at NVIDIA has recently created Kaolin, a PyTorch open-source library aimed at advancing and facilitating 3-D deep learning research. “Currently, there is not a single open-source software library that supports multiple representations of 3-D data, multiple tasks, and evaluation criteria,” Krishna Murthy Jatavallabhula, one of the researchers who carried out the study, told TechXplore. “We decided to address this gap in the literature by creating Kaolin, the first comprehensive 3-D deep learning library.”
Kaolin, the PyTorch library presented by Jatavallabhula and his colleagues, contains a variety of tools for constructing deep learning architectures that can analyze 3-D data, which are both efficient and easy to use. It also allows researchers to load, preprocess, and manipulate 3-D data before it is used to train deep learning algorithms. Kaolin includes several graphics modules to edit 3-D images, with functions such as rendering, lighting, shading and view warping. Moreover, it supports a wide range of loss functions and evaluation metrics, allowing researchers to easily evaluate their deep learning algorithms. Kaolin: the first comprehensive library for 3D deep learning research
Credit: Murthy Jatavallabhula et al. “Typically, 3-D deep learning researchers need to write a lot of boilerplate code for their research projects,” Jatavallabhula explained. “With Kaolin, however, researchers only need to implement the novel parts of their project, as Kaolin packages a comprehensive set of utilities for data loading, conversion and evaluation.”
Kaolin is a valuable tool for both developers who are experienced in developing deep learning models and those who are just starting off. Within the library, in fact, developers can also find several state-of-the-art architectures that they can use as a starting point or as a source of inspiration for their own models. | <urn:uuid:b76c64fe-7875-4cac-aae4-8ad02d6881c5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://sichuanss.info/category/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E8%80%8D%E8%80%8D%E7%BD%91/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.956253 | 746 | 3.328125 | 3 |
“While active 3-D deep learning researchers view Kaolin as a means to accelerate their research, newcomers into this field are turning to Kaolin for an idea of where to begin,” Jatavallabhula said. In the future, the open-source library presented by these researchers at NVIDIA could help to accelerate 3-D deep learning research, assisting developers in creating new AI architectures, as well as in training and evaluating them. Meanwhile, Jatavallabhula and his colleagues are planning to work on extending Kaolin and enhancing its capabilities further. “Our plan is to add more deep learning models to our model zoo (collection of AI models) and expand our coverage to a broader set of applications like self-driving cars and embodied agents needing 3-D learning,” Jatavallabhula said. “In short, we plan on making Kaolin a one-stop platform for 3-D deep learning research.” | <urn:uuid:b76c64fe-7875-4cac-aae4-8ad02d6881c5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://sichuanss.info/category/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E8%80%8D%E8%80%8D%E7%BD%91/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.956253 | 746 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Is it possible to make water "float" inside an upturned glass without pouring out? With science know-how it is! - Half-fill the glass with water from the bowl. You may need to guess with trial and error how much works best. - Place the plastic or card on top of the glass so that it covers the opening completely. - While holding onto everything, turn the glass upside down. - Now, vary carefully, let go of the piece of plastic/card - best to do this outside or over the bowl! What happens? If all goes to plan your piece of plastic or cardboard will stay in place and all the water stays in the glass like magic! So what's happening? A few different forces are at work here, most notably gravity pulling the water in the glass down versus water cohesion at the edges of the glass where it meets the plastic/card to make a seal, and air pressure pushing the piece of card up. What would happen if you:
- Tilt the glass or shake it? - Didn't use any water? - Slid the plastic or card slowly away (over the bowl)? - Used a much larger container like a bucket? | <urn:uuid:b4d171b7-4d35-4ced-b94c-2189dcb09638> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://smallscience.club/experiments/anti-gravity-water/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.911814 | 251 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Most people celebrate Memorial Day as the unofficial start of summer. Swimming, boating, picnics, you get the picture. Not that there’s anything wrong with that. But let’s not lose sight of the holiday’s original intent: to commemorate those who lost their lives fighting for our country. Those like the men of the Tenth Mountain Division, who served in combat for only four months during World War II, yet who suffered the highest casualty rate of any US division in the Mediterranean. Started as an experiment to train soldiers to fight in the most difficult, mountainous terrain in Europe, the Tenth trained at Camp Hale, Colorado, 17 miles north of Leadville. The camp, which lay at 9,300 feet, had four trails and the longest T-Bar in the country. Troops were taught to ski, snowshoe, and climb with packs and rifles as well as survive in the most brutal winter conditions. They lived in the mountains for weeks at a time, working in altitudes up to 13,500 feet, in five to six feet of snow and in temperatures that dropped to 20 degrees below zero at night. All this well before the advent of today’s technical fabrics. After training for two years, the Tenth participated in a series of actions that played a vital role in the liberation of northern Italy. The Division breached the supposedly impregnable Gothic Line in the Apennines and secured the Po River Valley. By the time the Germans surrendered in May 1945, 992 ski troopers had lost their lives and 4,000 were wounded. After the war, veterans of the Tenth became the backbone of the postwar American ski boom. Monty Atwater, for example, went to Alta, Utah, where he established the first explosive avalanche control system. Friedl Pfeifer designed Aspen Mountain, started Aspen’s ski school, and ran the first racing circuit. And Pete Seibert became a member of the 1948 Olympic team and founded Vail. The sacrifices and contributions of the men of the Tenth can not be denied. So this Memorial Day week, while you’re swimming and picnicing and welcoming in the summer season, take a minute to salute the Tenth, along with the many other veterans of our Armed Forces. Remember, they fought for you. * This post originaly appeared in May, 2010. But some things are worth re-running. 🙂 | <urn:uuid:ca2b20be-de0b-4b87-9627-3e4a08a15b12> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://trial.theskidiva.com/memorial-day-ski-style-6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96971 | 501 | 2.65625 | 3 |
VM projects currently available:
Species information projects:
Other Citizen Science projects managed by or in partnership with the FIAO:
Citizen Science Journal:
Other Project Web Sites:
Date started: 2012-08-08 16:17:27
BirdPix curates interesting and important photos of birds. There are no particular constraints on what can and cannot be submitted, apart from needing the locality information. It is an excellent place to deposit photos of species which are out of their normal ranges. For atlasers, it can be used to keep the photos of species for which “Out of Range Forms”? (ORFs) were generated. For bird ringers, it can be used to store photos of birds in the hand which were for some reason interesting: for example, pictures showing unusual patterns of wing moult, plumage variation with age and sex, etc. Records submitted to BirdPix will be included as incidental records for mapping bird distributions. Date started: 2012-03-13 14:42:59
Birds with all sorts of unusual plumage variations are observed from time to time. Nowadays, with digital photography, pictures of these birds are frequently available. BOP (Birds with Odd Plumage) aims to provide a place where the photographs can be curated into one database. Any bird with any unusual plumage characteristic qualifies for inclusion in the virtual museum. This will provide the opportunity to look for patterns. Do certain species have abnormal plumage more frequently than others? Do unusual plumage patterns occur more in some places than in others? Date started: 2015-08-18 09:54:38
The dung beetles are the family Scarabaeidae within the order Coleoptera, which contains all the beetles. DungBeetleMAP is a project which the ADU is doing in collaboration with Professor Clarke Scholtz and the Scarab Research Group at the University of Pretoria. The expert panel for DungBeetleMAP is drawn from this research group. Dung beetles play a critical roles in both natural and agricultural landscapes; they process the dung of both wild and domestic animals, consuming it and burying it. They are responsible for a key ecosystem service. If photographs of beetles belonging to other families within the Coleoptera are uploaded to DungBeetleMAP, they will (for the time being) be identified only to family. Hopefully, some time in the future, separate projects will start for these other families. Date started: 2012-10-04 15:32:19
Echinoderms (starfish, sea-urchins, brittle-stars and their kin) are conspicuous and attractive marine animals, frequently photographed by divers. | <urn:uuid:4195038e-b6af-4954-b787-a5500c92da08> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://vmus.adu.org.za/vm_projects.php?database=birdpix&prj_acronym=&db=birdpix&URL=&Logo=&Headline=&Use_main_filter=0&User_id=&Full_name=&serve_sp_list=0&drop_down_list=0&assessment=0&query_id=2882006&Vm_number=73746&recNo=1&numRows=1&start=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.918067 | 2,813 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Although many can be identified from photographs, no comprehensive guide to South African species exists, making it difficult to accurately identify images. The fauna is also poorly know, making it very likely that divers will encounter species new to the region, or even to science. This site aims to collate all available images of echinoderms from South Africa, thus building up a comprehensive identification guide, as well as mapping the ranges of each species. Images of all South African echinoderms are welcomed and all contribute equally towards a better understanding of the distribution patterns of these fascinating creatures. Date started: 2015-08-18 15:00:00
FishMAP is a Virtual Museum project aiming to: (1) map the current distribution of the fresh water fish occurring in Africa, tentatively, the FishMAP region includes Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia and Namibia and the countries to the south and east of them; and (2) to serve as a repository of all existing distribution data for this group in the geographic extent of the project. Date started: 2010-09-20
Web page: http://adu.org.za/frog_atlas.php
FrogMAP is a citizen science project which aims to determine the distribution and conservation priorities of Amphibians on the African continent. FrogMAP is building the 21st century distribution maps for Africa's frogs. FrogMAP is the continuation of the Southern African Frog Atlas Project (SAFAP). It aims to build on the distribution data collected during seven years of fieldwork (1996-2003), plus earlier data compiled from museum records, private collections, the literature and conservation agencies. SAFAP data was used for the 2003 red listing of all frog species of the region, the results were published in the book Atlas and Red Data Book of the Frogs of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, published by the Smithsonian Institution, USA. Date started: 2014-09-08
The Neuroptera and Megaloptera are collectively loosely termed the "lacewings." Hence the name LacewingMAP. This is a somewhat obscure group of insects, and this project is an ideal way to sensitize everyone to their existence. Are lacewings good or bugly? They are one of nature's best all-purpose predators. They control aphids. So when you make a list of "ecosystem services" (the stuff we get for free from the planet) don't leave off the lacewings. We are doing this project in collaboration with Dr Mervyn Mansel, University of Pretoria, and a world leader in lacewing research. | <urn:uuid:4195038e-b6af-4954-b787-a5500c92da08> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://vmus.adu.org.za/vm_projects.php?database=birdpix&prj_acronym=&db=birdpix&URL=&Logo=&Headline=&Use_main_filter=0&User_id=&Full_name=&serve_sp_list=0&drop_down_list=0&assessment=0&query_id=2882006&Vm_number=73746&recNo=1&numRows=1&start=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.918067 | 2,813 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Date started: May 2007
Web page: http://vmus.adu.org.za/?vm=LepiMAP
Lepimap is a citizen science project which aims to determine the distribution and conservation priorities of butterflies and moths on the African continent. LepiMAP is building the 21st century distribution maps for Africa's butterflies and moths. LepiMAP is a joint project of the Animal Demography Unit (Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town) and Lepsoc, The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa. It is the continuation of SABCA, the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment. Date started: July 2010
Web page: http://mammalmap.adu.org.za/
MammalMAP The Animal Demography Unit at UCT and the Mammal Research Institute at the University of Pretoria are collaborating to develop the MammalMAP, the Mammal Atlas of Africa. The Cape Leopard Trust was a key catalyst in initiating this project. The objective of MammalMAP is to generate 21st century distribution maps for all of Africa’s mammals. MammalMAP consists of digital photographic records of mammals along with accurate geographical coordinates of where the pictures were taken. MammalMAP is limited to wild (or feral) mammals. So domestic animals are excluded, and so is Homo sapiens. But the golden rule that applies is: If in doubt, submit. Date started: 2014-09-08
Interest in mushrooms is mushrooming. Mushrooms are somehow mysterious, appearing and disappearing. MushroomMAP aims to help solve one of the big mushroom mysteries: "How are they distributed?" Even within South Africa this information is remarkably incomplete. This Virtual Museum project focuses on the "macrofungi", the mushrooms (and other fungi) that are more than about 5 mm in size. This is the same cut-off as used by Marieka Gryzenhout in her guidebook "Mushrooms of South Africa" published by Struik Nature. In her book, she describes the distribution of many species "widespread." So MushroomMAP provides the opportunity to make a real contribution to our understanding of the distribution of this fascinating component of biodiversity. Date started: 22-Sep-2010
OdonataMAP is a Virtual Museum project aiming to: (1) map the current distribution of the insect Order Odonata, i. e. Dragonflies and Damselflies, occurring in Africa; and (2) to serve as a repository of all existing distribution data for this group in the geographic extent of the project. To participate in the Odonata VM you need to be a registered ADU observer. Close-up photographs of dragonflies or damselflies, along with date and locality information, including geographic coordinates are submited to the VM in the data upload section (available to logged users). | <urn:uuid:4195038e-b6af-4954-b787-a5500c92da08> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://vmus.adu.org.za/vm_projects.php?database=birdpix&prj_acronym=&db=birdpix&URL=&Logo=&Headline=&Use_main_filter=0&User_id=&Full_name=&serve_sp_list=0&drop_down_list=0&assessment=0&query_id=2882006&Vm_number=73746&recNo=1&numRows=1&start=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.918067 | 2,813 | 2.9375 | 3 |
The Virtual Museum allows you to upload a maximum of three images per record. Please take the GPS coordinates as accurately as possible; alternatively you can also find your position on the Google Map available in the upload page, but this may be difficult if you are away from good landmarks. Date started: 2014-09-08
Web page: http://orchidmap.adu.org.za
Orchids are a charismatic and diverse family of flowering plants. With over 470 species in South Africa alone and more than 3300 species throughout Africa and Madagascar, we have a rich orchid flora. However, in recent years the collection of traditional herbarium specimens has been declining and our understating of where orchids are found is becoming ever more outdated. OrchidMap aims to reverse this trend with the help of orchid lovers. By submitting photos of orchid along with details of where and when the photo was taken, you can help us to improve our understanding of the distribution of South African and African orchids. OrchidMap is interested in distributions and flowering times of all orchids in Africa, Madgascar and the Western Indian Ocean Islands including naturalised or wild growing exotic species. Date started: July 2008
Web page: http://weavers.adu.org.za/
PHOWN (Photos of Weaver Nests) is a conservation project aimed at determining the distribution of colonies or nests of all weaver species globally. Counting weaver nests and taking photos allows monitoring of changes in weaver breeding effort. Many weavers are common while some weaver species are threatened; this project provides an easy way of monitoring them. PHOWN is a project of the Animal Demography Unit (Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town). Date started: 10 May 2005
Web page: http://sarca.adu.org.za
ReptileMAP is the continuation of the Southern African Reptile Conservation Assessment (SARCA). It aims to improve our understanding of the diversity and distribution of reptiles in South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, and thereby make possible an improvement in the conservation status of these animals. ReptileMAP also aims to improve public awareness of the value and plight of reptiles and also provide goverment agencies with a clear definition of conservation priorities that will help them to plan their activities. Date started: 2013-03-04 11:26:42
Scorpions are conspicuous and attractive terrestrial animals, and are frequently photographed. Images of all African Scorpions are welcomed and all contribute equally towards a better understanding of the distribution patterns of these fascinating creatures. | <urn:uuid:4195038e-b6af-4954-b787-a5500c92da08> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://vmus.adu.org.za/vm_projects.php?database=birdpix&prj_acronym=&db=birdpix&URL=&Logo=&Headline=&Use_main_filter=0&User_id=&Full_name=&serve_sp_list=0&drop_down_list=0&assessment=0&query_id=2882006&Vm_number=73746&recNo=1&numRows=1&start=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.918067 | 2,813 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Scorpions have captivated much interest by scolars by their great antiquity and the amazing suite of biochemical, physiological, behavioral, and ecological adaptations that have combined to ensure their continued success over the past 450 million years. Scorpions have a wide geographical distribution and live on all major land masses except Antarctica. Although some species are quite specific in (micro)habitat requirements, many exhibit a high degree of plasticity in habitat use. However, the distribution of most species is poorly known and in most cases it is based on a handful of museum records. Date started: 2013-08-05
SpiderMap is an online repository for photographic species distribution records for this important group of arthropods. Spiders make up the largest proportion of terrestrial invertebrate diversity after the insects and the mites, and they play a significant role as predators in ecosystems. Several initiatives are currently under-way to map spider distributions, and SpiderMap aims to complement these by encouraging submissions from the ADU Citizen Scientist community. Records will be directed to the South African National Survey of Arachnida once identified. Regarding identification of spiders, particularly the Aranaemorph, which in most cases are impossible to identify beyond family level from photographs. More precise identifications will be provided when the relevant experts are able to look at the submissions, however, there is a lack of experts to fulfill this difficult task. Date started: 2010-12-01
Instructions for the Virtual Tree Herbarium:
Most trees can be identified with photographs of their bark, their leaves and their flowers and/or fruit. Try to take pictures of all of these, from the same tree. The Virtual Museum allows you to upload a maximum of three images per record. If you are a tree expert, and you know that a photograph of a particular feature provides certain identification, then you can upload just that picture into TreeMAP. Please take the GPS coordinates, as accurately as you are able, as close to the tree as feasible. You can enter these into TreeMAP in three formats (decimal degrees DD.DDDDD, degrees and decimal minutes DD MM.MMM, and degree minutes and decimal seconds DD MM SS.S). You can also find your position on the Google Map, but this may be difficult if you are away from good landmarks. If you are walking a transect, the strategy we would suggest you adopt is to take a set of photographs of each species you encounter. | <urn:uuid:4195038e-b6af-4954-b787-a5500c92da08> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://vmus.adu.org.za/vm_projects.php?database=birdpix&prj_acronym=&db=birdpix&URL=&Logo=&Headline=&Use_main_filter=0&User_id=&Full_name=&serve_sp_list=0&drop_down_list=0&assessment=0&query_id=2882006&Vm_number=73746&recNo=1&numRows=1&start=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.918067 | 2,813 | 2.9375 | 3 |
I’m sure we have all heard recently about how bees are being killed off by the thousands. Bees, along with other pollinators, are responsible for over 30% of the food we eat. There are some things you can do yourself to help the bees in your area thrive. Below are eight simple steps can take:
- Plant a habitat that is pollinator friendly: there are many native plants that attract pollinators. A quick search online will give you ideas on how to make your habitat more biodiverse while also creating areas of forage for birds, butterflies, and bees. Also, be sure to use organic methods of controlling weeds rather than chemical ones. - Allow weeds to grow: there are many flowering weeds and clover growing in the typical North American yard. These areas are great for all pollinators. Never use chemical products that are meant to kill flowering weeds or clover. - Manage your land organically: avoid all toxic pesticides, insecticides, and fungicides if possible. Having an organic garden supports biodiversity and life better. An organic garden also supports 50% more pollinators than nonorganic, conventional ones. - Educate your community: help spread the word about practices that encourage pollinators such as bees. It may be as simple as providing educational materials to your neighborhood, or as complex as teaching classes on the importance of pollinators. - If you live in the city, support green rooftops: you can create habitats for pollinators in urban areas by building green rooftops. Often times, the city Council will offer incentives for residents to build these pollinator-friendly habitats that support pollinators. - Provide a place for bees to nest: one of the best ideas is to have beehives on your property. If you’re unable to do this, you can create a different sort of nesting site with sand areas where they can burrow or wood. Giving these pollinators a home is the second step in creating a great environment for the bees. There are many associations for local beekeepers in most areas of the country. - Relocate beehives instead of destroying them: most local beekeeper associations are willing to remove hives from your property. - Purchase only agricultural products that are certified organic: support organic gardening through your dollars. This not only supports the farms themselves but also supports the pollinators. | <urn:uuid:2245f113-8264-447d-9699-0e43a11a3e5c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://weprotectus.com/help-save-the-bees/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.937733 | 502 | 3.5625 | 4 |
We can find two covenants or agreements between men and God, in the Bible. Jehovah established the covenant with Israel in the Old Testament, and Moses was his mediator. “Then he took the book of the covenant and read it in the hearing of the people; and they said, ‘All that Jehovah has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient!’ So Moses took the blood and sprinkled it on the people, and said, ‘Behold, the blood of the covenant, which Jehovah has made with you in accordance with all these words.’” (Ex.24:7-8). The land of Canaan is the prize of this covenant of Jehovah with Israel. “And I also established My covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land in which they sojourned” (Ex.6:4). The disobedient were not allowed to enter in Canaan, and they died in the desert (Num.14:29-35). Jehovah promises to establish a New Covenant, by the mouth of Jeremiah, the prophet. “‘But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days,’ declares Jehovah, ‘I will put My law within them, and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people’” (Jer.31:33). Jehovah says, in verse 31, “‘Behold, the days are coming,’ declares Jehovah, ‘when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah’” (Jer.31:31). What was this new covenant? It was the removal of all captivity, in the very words of Jehovah, “‘Behold, I am bringing them from the north country, and I will gather them from the remote parts of the earth, among them the blind and the lame, the woman with child and she who is in labor with child, together; a great company, they shall return here, with weeping they shall come, and with supplication I will lead them; I will make them walk by streams of waters, on a straight path in which they shall not stumble; for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my first-born.’ Hear the word of Jehovah, O nations, and declare in the coastlands afar off, and say, ‘He who scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him as a shepherd keeps his flock.’ For Jehovah has ransomed Jacob…” (Jer.31:8-11). | <urn:uuid:f32cbd22-b5d7-4fff-b023-ff131e8036a3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://wordtruths.com/?p=267 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970839 | 1,714 | 2.78125 | 3 |
It gets very clear that the return of Israel to Palestine was the fulfillment of this second covenant. Israel returned and constituted a nation in 1948, therefore the second covenant happened without the rebuilding of the temple, without priests and sacrifices, as it was promised in Ezek.40-44. In the book of Hebrews, chapter 8, the author of the book makes reference to these two covenants of Jehovah with his people, that is, Israel (Heb.8:8-10). Many Christians mistake this second covenant of Jehovah with the covenant of Jesus Christ. The one of Jehovah concerned the return to Canaan; it was, therefore, an earthly covenant. The covenant of Jesus Christ is not an earthly covenant. The covenant of Jehovah, because it was an earthly one, was based on material and temporal things, whereas the covenant of Jesus Christ is purely spiritual and eternal. Comparing the basis of the two covenants we can see that the covenant of Jehovah have nothing to do with the one of Jesus. 1. The covenant of Jehovah included the law. The obedience to it was the credentials to inheriting the land of the promise for many years of life; the covenant of Christ, though, does not include the law of Jehovah. Let us hear the words of the apostle Paul, “But now we have been released from the Law, having died to that by which we were bound, so that we serve in newness of the Spirit and not in oldness of the letter” (Rom.7:6). In the letter to the Hebrews we read that the law of Jehovah was weak and useless, and cannot make anything perfect (Heb.7:18-22). 2. The covenant of Jehovah was made with men. By obeying and doing the law, men had life and the inheritance guaranteed (Lev.18:5; 26:24-25). Jehovah says that there is not one righteous man on the earth, who does good and never sins (Eccl.7:20; 1 Kings 8:46). “The soul who sins will die” (Ezek. 18:4; 24-26). If there are no righteous men that do not sin, Jehovah could not have made a covenant or agreement with men. This would be like definitively condemning them to hell. This would be like inexorably predestining men to condemnation and death, for there is no man who does not sin, and only if they did not sin they would have life and inheritance on the earth guaranteed to them. | <urn:uuid:f32cbd22-b5d7-4fff-b023-ff131e8036a3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://wordtruths.com/?p=267 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970839 | 1,714 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The covenant of the Father is not made with men, but with Jesus. The assurance of the Christian is not in his own perfection, but in the perfection of Christ, that is, Christ does everything for us, and we have only to trust and believe. Let us explain it better: I do not sanctify myself in order to be saved, but I am saved in order to be able to sanctify myself (2 Thess.2:13). The Christian does not do the good works of God in order to receive grace, but the Christian receives the grace of God to be able to, afterwards, do the good works of God (Eph.2:8-10). Christ is the guarantee of the covenant of the Father; if the Christian is not able to pay, Christ will pay (Heb.7:22). 3. In the covenant of Jehovah, it is impossible for men not to sin, as we already said, so it is impossible to obtain salvation through it (Eccl.7:20; 1 Kings 8:46; Ezek.18:4). In the Father’s covenant, with Jesus, the Christian has the power to not sin. “No one who is born of God practices sin, because His seed abides in him; and he cannot sin, because he is born of God” (1 John 3:9). “We know that no one who is born of God sins; but He who was born of God keeps him and the evil one does not touch him” (1 John 5:18). The apostle John goes beyond that, “And you know that He appeared in order to take away sins; and in Him there is no sin, no one who abides in Him sins; no one who sins has seen Him or knows Him” (1 John 3:5-6). Does John say that whoever commits sin has not seen Him and has not known Him? Yes, because whoever commits sin is from the devil, and we read in the Old Testament that there is no man who does not sin, all of them belonging to the devil. 4. | <urn:uuid:f32cbd22-b5d7-4fff-b023-ff131e8036a3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://wordtruths.com/?p=267 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970839 | 1,714 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The covenant of Jehovah was the covenant of death and condemnation, but the covenant of Christ is the covenant of life, and, “Not that we are adequate in ourselves to consider anything as coming from ourselves, but our adequacy is from God, who also made us adequate as servants of a new covenant, not of the letter, but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life” (2 Cor. 3:5-6). In the covenant of Jehovah man has life, and the covenant guarantees him death, for there is no man that does not sin. In the covenant of Christ, man has death, but passes into life. Let us hear the words of Jesus: “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who hears My word, and believes Him who sent Me, has eternal life, and does not come into judgment, but has passed out of death into life” (John 5:24). By Pastor Olavo Silveira Pereira | <urn:uuid:f32cbd22-b5d7-4fff-b023-ff131e8036a3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://wordtruths.com/?p=267 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970839 | 1,714 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The better your soil breathes, the more it benefits your plant’s growth. Everything in nature needs oxygen to thrive. Dense, compacted, heavy soils tend to negatively impact oxygen flow. That’s why your soil needs aeration to allow oxygen and vital nutrients to efficiently reach your plants roots. The harder a plant works to accomplish this, the less energy it has for growth and yield. Aeration is also important for all the following reasons:
Plant and Root Growth: Inadequate oxygen in soil either retards plant growth or causes it to cease completely. Abnormally shaped roots are common in compacted or poorly aerated soil. Microorganism Population and Activity: Beneficial microorganisms also need air for respiration and metabolism. Important microbial activity such as decomposition of organic matter, nitrification and other vital activities depend on the oxygen present in soil. Growth of Toxins: Poor aeration results in the development of toxins in your soil. Water and Nutrient Absorption: Oxygen deficiencies have been found to check nutrient and water absorption in plants. Disease Development: Insufficient aeration leads to the development of plant diseases. No matter what else you do, give your soil a breath of fresh air by regular aeration. | <urn:uuid:7dd5e45a-64e7-4097-9d1d-3c4d0eed719c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.allstarrental.com/rentals/aerator-split-drive-25/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.916128 | 267 | 3.765625 | 4 |
Measuring soil moisture is important in agriculture to help farmers manage their irrigation systems more efficiently. Not only are farmers able to generally use less water to grow a crop, they are able to increase yields and the quality of the crop by better management of soil moisture during critical plant growth stages. Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in soil.A soil moisture probe is made up of multiple soil moisture sensors. One common type of soil moisture sensors in commercial use is a frequency domain sensor such as a capacitance sensor. Another sensor, the neutron moisture gauge, utilize the moderator properties of water for neutrons. Cheaper sensors -often for home use- are based on two electrodes measuring the resistance of the soil. Power supply 5v DC. The pin type probe is pressed into the soil.According to soil moisture level , the output Analog voltage varies from 0.6v DC to 5v DC. | <urn:uuid:f1c05bb8-8ad6-4352-9b80-e60b0d4c2fea> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.alselectro.com/soil-moisture-sensor.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.92595 | 183 | 3.9375 | 4 |
¶ 3 Leave a comment on paragraph 3 0 The American Civil War, often referred to as “the bloodiest war” in the nation’s history, resulted in approximately 750,000 deaths, the abolition of slavery, and the dissolution of the Confederate States of America. Although the vast majority of northerners considered preservation of the Union to be the paramount object of the Civil War, emancipation emerged as a crucial war aim to secure such ends. For Confederates, the war represented an opportunity to defend their communities, families, and ways of life. African Americans, both enslaved and free, refused to simply watch the conflict unfold, and participated in a variety of ways. Women thrust themselves into critical wartime roles, as both physical and emotional supporters of the war, while also navigating a world without many men of military age. For the Americans who lived through 1861-1865, this was a time characterized by a mass of tangled emotions, as fresh hope and deep despair arrived with the dawn of each day. II. The Election of 1860 and Secession
¶ 5 Leave a comment on paragraph 5 0 As the fall of 1860 approached, a four-way race for the Presidency—and the future of America—emerged. The ghost of John Brown, the militant abolitionist hung after his actions at Harper’s Ferry, loomed large in early 1860. In April, the Democratic Party convened in Charleston, South Carolina, acknowledged bastion of secessionist thought in the South. The goal was to nominate a single candidate for the party ticket, but it became very clear that the Democratic convention would be one marked by hostility and division. The northern and southern wings of the party could not agree on any one man. Northern Democrats pulled for Senator Stephen Douglas, a pro-slavery moderate championing popular sovereignty, while Southern Democrats were intent on endorsing someone other than Douglas. The failure to include a pro-slavery platform resulted in Southern delegates walking out of the convention, preventing Douglas from gaining the two-thirds majority required for a nomination. A subsequent convention in Baltimore nominated Douglas for the Democratic ticket, while southerners nominated current Vice President John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky as their presidential candidate. The nation’s oldest party had split into two over differences in policy toward slavery. ¶ 6 Leave a comment on paragraph 6 0 Certainly, few Americans expected a strong showing from the Republican Party. Indeed, the Republicans were hardly unified themselves. | <urn:uuid:d3b0de99-8682-4171-b6fb-e2f09f305fc3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.americanyawp.com/feedback/14-the-civil-war/?replytopara=70 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.967722 | 12,008 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The leading men of the party all vied for their party’s nomination at the Chicago convention in May 1860. There was a growing recognition among the conveners that the party’s nominee would need to be someone who would be able to carry all the free states—only in that situation could a Republican nominee potentially win. Such an electoral reality meant that the early favorite, New York Senator William Seward, came under attack during the convention. Some believed his pro-immigrant position would prevent him from carrying Pennsylvania and New Jersey in a general election. Abraham Lincoln, as a relatively unknown but likable politician, rose from a pool of potential candidates, and was selected by the delegates on the third ballot. ¶ 7 Leave a comment on paragraph 7 0 The electoral landscape was further complicated through the emergence of a fourth candidate, Tennessee’s John Bell, heading the Constitutional Union Party. Lincoln carried all free states with the exception of New Jersey (which he split with Douglas). 81.2% of the voting electorate came out to vote—at that point the highest ever for a presidential election. But, Lincoln’s 180 electoral votes came with under 40% of the popular vote. Lincoln was trailed by Breckenridge with his 72 electoral votes, carrying 11 of the 15 slave states, Bell came in third with 39 electoral votes, with Douglas coming in last, only able to garner twelve electoral votes despite carrying almost 30% of the popular vote. All future Confederate states, with the exception of Virginia, excluded Lincoln’s name from their ballots, making the victory even more remarkable. ¶ 8 Leave a comment on paragraph 8 0 South Carolina acted almost immediately, calling a convention to declare secession. On December 20, 1860, the South Carolina convention voted unanimously 169-0 to dissolve their Union with the United States. The other states across the Deep South soon followed suit. Mississippi adopted their own resolution on January 9, 1861, Florida followed on January 10, Alabama January 11, Georgia on January 19, Louisiana on January 26, and Texas on February 1. While Texas was the only state to put the issue up for vote amongst the entire voting population, most other states hovered around an 80% vote in favor of secession at their respective conventions. | <urn:uuid:d3b0de99-8682-4171-b6fb-e2f09f305fc3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.americanyawp.com/feedback/14-the-civil-war/?replytopara=70 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.967722 | 12,008 | 3.15625 | 3 |
¶ 9 Leave a comment on paragraph 9 0 President James Buchanan would not directly address the issue of secession prior to his term’s end in early March. Any effort to try and solve the issue therefore fell upon Congress, specifically a “Committee of Thirteen” including prominent men such as Stephen Douglas, William Seward, Robert Toombs, and John Crittenden. In what became known as “Crittenden’s Compromise,” Senator Crittenden proposed a series of Constitutional Amendments that guaranteed slavery in southern states states/territories, denied the Federal Government interstate slave trade regulatory power, and offered to compensate slave owners of unrecovered fugitive slaves. The Committee of Thirteen ultimately voted down the measure and it likewise failed in the full Senate vote (25-23). Prospects for reconciliation appeared grim. ¶ 10 Leave a comment on paragraph 10 1 The seven seceding states met in Montgomery, Alabama on February 4th to organize a new nation. The delegates selected Jefferson Davis of Mississippi as president and established a capital in Montgomery, Alabama (it would move to Richmond in May). When Davis received the telegram, his wife later wrote, “he looked so grieved that I feared some evil had befallen our family. After a few minutes he told me like a man might speak of a sentence of death.” Out of a sense of duty, Davis accepted. Whether the states of the Upper South would join the Confederacy remained uncertain. By the early spring of 1861, North Carolina and Tennessee had not held secession conventions, while others in Virginia, Missouri, and Arkansas initially voted down secession. Despite this boost to the Union, it became abundantly clear that these acts of loyalty in the Upper South were highly conditional and relied on a clear lack of intervention on the part of the Federal government. This was the situation facing Abraham Lincoln on his inauguration in March 4, 1861. III. From Soil to Shore: Military War on the Ground and in the Water
¶ 12 Leave a comment on paragraph 12 0 In his inaugural address, Lincoln declared secession “legally void.” While he did not intend to invade Southern states, he would use force to maintain possession of federal property within seceded states. Union forces, led by U.S. Army Major Robert Anderson, held Charleston, South Carolina’s Ft. Sumter in April 1861. The fort was in need of supplies, and Lincoln intended to resupply it. | <urn:uuid:d3b0de99-8682-4171-b6fb-e2f09f305fc3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.americanyawp.com/feedback/14-the-civil-war/?replytopara=70 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.967722 | 12,008 | 3.15625 | 3 |
South Carolina called for U.S. soldiers to evacuate the fort. Major Anderson refused. “The firing on that fort will inaugurate a civil war greater than any the world has yet seen…you will lose us every friend at the North. You will wantonly strike a hornet’s nest which extends from mountains to ocean. Legions now quiet will swarm out and sting us to death. It is unnecessary. It puts us in the wrong. It is fatal,” cautioned Georgia senator Robert Toombs to Jefferson Davis prior to an attack on Fort Sumter. Afterdecades of sectional tension, official hostilities erupted on April 12, 1861, when Confederate Brig. Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard fired on the fort. Anderson surrendered on April 13th and the Union troops evacuated. In response to the Confederate attack, President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers. The American Civil War had begun. ¶ 14 Leave a comment on paragraph 14 0 The assault on Fort Sumter, and subsequent call for troops, provoked the Upper South into alliance with the Confederacy. In total, eleven states joined the new nation. Unionists refused to accept this new southern nation and responded with a vigorous military campaign to reduce its armies, property, and economy. ¶ 15 Leave a comment on paragraph 15 1 Shortly after Lincoln’s call for troops, the Union adopted General-in-Chief Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan and established a naval blockade around the Confederate states. This strategy intended to strangle the Confederacy by cutting off access to coastal ports and inland waterways. Like an anaconda snake, they planned to surround and squeeze the Confederacy. ¶ 17 Leave a comment on paragraph 17 1 With geographic, social, political, and economic connections to both the North and the South, the Border States—Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, and Kentucky—were critical to the outcome of the war. Lincoln and his military advisors realized that the loss of the Border States could mean a significant decrease in Union resources. Consequently, Lincoln hoped to foster loyalty among their citizens, so that Union forces could minimize their occupation in the regions. In spite of terrible guerrilla warfare in Missouri and Kentucky, the four Border States remained loyal to the Union throughout the war. ¶ 18 Leave a comment on paragraph 18 0 Also that spring, Confederate strategists, like their Federal counterparts, prepared for what they believed would be a short war. This belief crumbled on July 21, 1861. | <urn:uuid:d3b0de99-8682-4171-b6fb-e2f09f305fc3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.americanyawp.com/feedback/14-the-civil-war/?replytopara=70 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.967722 | 12,008 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Three months after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, Union and Confederate forces met at the Battle of Bull Run, near Manassas, Virginia, officially opening the war’s Eastern Theater. While not particularly deadly, the Confederate victory proved that the Civil War would be long and costly. Furthermore, in response to the embarrassing Union rout, Lincoln removed Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell of command and promoted Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan to commander of the newly formed Army of the Potomac. For nearly a year after the First Battle of Bull Run, the Eastern Theater remained relatively silent. Skirmishes only resulted in a bloody stalemate. Unlike the First Battle of Bull Run, ensuing campaigns resulted in major casualties. ¶ 19 Leave a comment on paragraph 19 0 Union military leaders sought to expand the war into the West in hopes of crushing the rebellion. In February 1862, Union Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s capture of Confederate Forts Henry and Donelson along the Tennessee River marked the opening of the Western Theater. Fighting in the West greatly differed from that in the East. At the First Battle of Bull Run, for example, two large armies fought for control of the nations’ capitals; while in the West, Union and Confederate forces fought for control of the rivers, since the Mississippi River and its tributaries were a key tenet of the Union’s Anaconda Plan. One of the deadliest of these clashes occurred along the Tennessee River at the Battle of Shiloh on April 6-7, 1862. This battle, lasting only two days, was the costliest single battle in American history up to that time. The Union victory shocked both the Union and the Confederacy with approximately 23,000 casualties, a number that exceeded casualties from all of the United States’ previous wars combined. ¶ 20 Leave a comment on paragraph 20 0 In the fall of that year, casualty numbers would again shock the nation as Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia invaded Maryland (a border state loyal to the Union) on September 3, 1862. Emboldened by their success in the previous spring and summer, Lee and Confederate President Jefferson Davis planned to win a decisive victory in Union territory and end the war. On September 17, 1862, McClellan and Lee’s forces collided at the Battle of Antietam near the town of Sharpsburg. | <urn:uuid:d3b0de99-8682-4171-b6fb-e2f09f305fc3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.americanyawp.com/feedback/14-the-civil-war/?replytopara=70 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.967722 | 12,008 | 3.15625 | 3 |
This is definitely one of the most exciting grade levels of elementary school! Mrs. Hernandez and Mr. Stelle take the job of preparing our students for middle school very seriously, and when students demonstrate the work habits and study skills necessary to reach this goal, we also like to have a little fun! Our classes choose their own rewards for whole class success towards homework completion goals, teamwork and overall effort. Students who complete all homework for the month participate in "Breakfast Club" held once a month before school. Monthly softball games are a fifth grade favorite where we practice teamwork and mutual respect in a non-competitive atmosphere. Rest assured you will really enjoy our 5th grade production of the "13 Colonies!" We enjoy the fun parts, but we never lose sight of our main goal of preparing students for middle school and beyond. Please read on to learn more about what this year has to offer! English Language Arts
Students in fifth grade will engage in all types of reading! We read as a class, in partners, teacher read aloud, and in guided reading homogeneous groupings. Both fiction and non-fiction pieces support fifth grade standards in the form of core literature, guided reading, and the textbook anthology. Also, students will read outside of class and complete their reading logs. Fifth graders will gain confidence in their writing skills this year. In fact, we will teach them how to debate or argue logically in persuasive writing. They will enjoy moving through the steps of the writing process in various genres. Our writing plan is as follows:
- Trimester #1: narrative, summary and research report
- Trimester #2: persuasive and research report
- Trimester #3: response to literature
Fractions, decimals, percents, negative numbers, area and volume are important standards for fifth grade math. Just as in previous grades, Everyday Mathematics curriculum is continued in fifth grade. It is a spiraling curriculum, meaning that the material is taught and revisited throughout the year. For example, some topics might be introduced in Unit 3, but the mastery of the concept is not expected until Unit 9. Concepts are continually reviewed through Math Boxes and other Math Journal pages. Most of the work in class will be completed in the Math Journal. Fifth grade Everyday Math has been known to be fast-paced and challenging for some. | <urn:uuid:c6dccbce-e679-4283-b227-260070319f41> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.conejousd.org/aspen/Teachers/5th-Grade | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.942803 | 1,096 | 3 | 3 |
In light of that, we are available in the classrooms to assist any serious students during the following study group times:
- Mr. Stelle, Room 11: Thursday morning 7:50-8:20
- Mrs. Haver, Room 10: Monday afternoon 2:45-3:15
If necessary, students can attend all times available from either teacher. They should come prepared with questions and areas of concern. The fifth grade Social Studies experience will encompass early United States history and the "We the People" program. We begin by researching the Age of Exploration and colonization. There is a special emphasis on the Revolutionary Period and the development of the Constitution. The students will also learn the locations and spellings of the 50 states and capitals. In the third trimester we will participate in the "We the People" program. In this program the students will learn about our Constitution and the way government works. The program culminates with a public speaking activity held at the Reagan Library in June. There will also be a presentation for parents prior to the hearings at the Reagan Library. In conclusion, fifth grade Social Studies teaches a great deal about the foundations of being an American. This is one of the favorite subjects for many students! We will be studying the three areas of science using FOSS curriculum. - Trimester #1: Earth Science - "Water Planet"
- Trimester #2: Life Science - "Living Systems"
- Trimester #3: Physical Science - "Mixtures & Solutions"
An emphasis will be placed on working through the scientific method and identifying the independent, dependent and controlled variables in each experiment. The hands on experiments are fun, and now the students will learn how important it is to document their research just like professional scientists. Public speaking is an area of emphasis for fifth grade in our district. Fifth graders will have many opportunities to practice and improve their public speaking skills. Many activities are planned within the classroom. Additionally, each trimester project will include a public speaking component. The Fifth Grade Public Speaking Celebration will take place during the third trimester. Public speaking will count towards the students' writing grades. We hope to attend the following fifth grade trips:
(please see the links provided for more information)
Please note this is a partial list and the teachers are still in the planning process for field trips. | <urn:uuid:c6dccbce-e679-4283-b227-260070319f41> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.conejousd.org/aspen/Teachers/5th-Grade | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.942803 | 1,096 | 3 | 3 |
Reports and Projects
Research reports are in the writing standards for most grades, and fifth is no exception. Fifth graders will learn the important steps needed to complete a research report. If students come to class prepared with the necessary materials and use their time in class wisely, reports will be completed during the school day. Not only will we work on writing and researching, but time management will be a key component for completing projects. We expect most of the project to be finished at school. - Trimester #1: Severe Weather Research Report
- Trimester #2: State Research Report
- Trimester #3: Public Speaking Activities and "13 Colonies" play | <urn:uuid:c6dccbce-e679-4283-b227-260070319f41> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.conejousd.org/aspen/Teachers/5th-Grade | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.942803 | 1,096 | 3 | 3 |
–George Washington Carver
[Information courtesy of www.alz.org]
In 2011, the baby boomer generation began turning age 65 at the rate of 10,000 per day spanning the subsequent 18 years. Of those Americans aged 65 or older, 1 in 9 has Alzheimer’s, and 1 in 3 Seniors 85 or older has the disease. Of the 5.2 million currently afflicted, two-thirds are women, and by 2050 these numbers will triple barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent, slow, or stop the disease. Between 2000-2010, deaths from Alzheimer’s increased 68% while deaths from other major diseases decreased:
Why is this happening? Take a 3-minute look at biochemist, Gregory Petsko’s explanation of things. His graphs are staggering. It has already affected you… “Right now, those and other neurologic diseases -- for which we have no cure or prevention -- cost about a third of a trillion dollars a year. It will be well over a trillion dollars by 2050.”
Alzheimer’s is a massive financial weight on our country. Unless something is done, Alzheimer’s will cost an estimated $1.2 trillion (in today’s dollars) in 2050. Costs to Medicare and Medicaid will increase nearly 500 percent – if we can manage to maintain it at all. In 2013, 15.5 million family/friends provided 17.7 billion hours of unpaid care to those with Alzheimer’s and other dementias – valued at $220.2 billion. Due to the physical and emotional toll of caregiving, Alzheimer’s and dementia caregivers had $9.3 billion in additional health care costs of their own in 2013. Currently, 1 in every 5 dollars of Medicare is spent on people with Alzheimer’s or other dementias. Unless our priorities change, the epidemic will continue… Despite the recent approval of the Alzheimer’s Accountability Act by President Obama and Congress, which sets a national plan into place to prevent and treat Alzheimer’s by 2025, our funding continues to be misappropriated at the highest levels. Currently, for every $26,500 Medicare and Medicaid spent on caring for individuals with Alzheimer’s, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) spends only $100 on Alzheimer’s research (see chart below), and sadly, these numbers have not changed much since 2011. We know smart investments in scientific research pay big dividends, as demonstrated by the recent reductions in mortality rates (revisit first graph above) for conditions such as cancer, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. But...are people really getting the message? 1. | <urn:uuid:97e85cb0-a3b4-4e46-969b-b50cac6962d8> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.denise-elam-dauw.com/blog/tick-tock | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.927093 | 930 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Get Educated: This disease is going to hit your family, so start learning the facts and call your local Alzheimer’s Association Chapter at 1-800-272-3900. 2. Get Involved: Participation is the key to promoting awareness! Spread knowledge through your advocacy or involvement in the Walk to End Alzheimer’s, The Longest Day, or other FUNdraising local chapter events. 3. Be Prepared: Whether it’s you or a loved one, you do not want to be in emergency mode asking the tough questions about Long-term care - How will I take care of my parents? How will this alter my well-being? My career? My family? Who will pay for all these expenses? Seek out quality sources for reference and read up on how to prepare for you and your parent’s future. Note: It is STRONGLY recommended you have a supplemental, private insurance plan in place as Medicare will not cover expenses associated with Long-term care (now averaging $5K/month). Social Security is no guarantee either, especially when medical costs are projected to exceed $10K/month within the next decade. Medicaid is essentially welfare, and with that, the sad reality of having no control over your care or whether you receive any at all, so start planning now! Here’s one resource I have used: http://www.amazon.com/Whats-Deal-Long-Term-Care-Padawer/dp/0985082070
4. Make a Donation: Recent reports brought several charities and organizations into the spotlight with excessive administrative overhead. Know that your donation and those you collect are going to the right place, and can be designated to benefit a specific area of support like research, care, awareness, or advocacy. | <urn:uuid:97e85cb0-a3b4-4e46-969b-b50cac6962d8> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.denise-elam-dauw.com/blog/tick-tock | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.927093 | 930 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The pygmy three-toed sloth is the smallest of the three-toed sloths, and was only recognised as a distinct species in 2001. It can only be found on the Isla Escudo de Veraguas, which has been separate from mainland Panama for 9,000 years. Famous for its slow movements, the pygmy three-toed sloth is ideally suited to life in the mangroves and is surprisingly good at swimming. The major threat to the pygmy three-toed sloth is habitat destruction, which is reducing the size of its already small habitat. Through the phenomenon of island dwarfism, they have become the smallest member of its genus. The pygmy three-toed sloth is only one of four members in the three-toed sloth genus Bradypus. Sloths usually only descend to the ground when they need to urinate and defecate and can go for up to seven days without needing to defecate. Since their movements are so slow, the pygmy three-toed sloths main forms of defences are camouflage and stealth, whereby they avoid predation largely by avoiding detection. However, they often survive attacks due to their tough hides, strong grips and a remarkable healing ability. The green algae found in the fur of the pygmy three-toed sloth is a unique species of Trichophilus algae which is thought to be symbiotic, providing camouflage to the sloth at no detriment to the sloth’s health. Algae begin to grow on the pygmy three-toed sloth during childhood and are probably transferred from mother to child. - Order: Pilosa
- Family: Bradypodidae
- Population: <100
- Trend: decreasing
- Size: 48.85-53.0cm
- Weight: 2.5-3.5kg
They are endemic, and known only from the small island Isla Escudo de Veraguas which lies about 17km from mainland Panama. Habitat and Ecology
It is thought that the pygmy three-toed sloth primarily feeds on the leaves of the red mangrove trees in which it lives. These mangroves are thought to cover an area of just 1.3-1.5km² on the island. Adults only come together to mate, finding each other using loud calls. Although the gestation period for the pygmy three-toed sloth is unknown, other species of three-toed sloth are pregnant for between 4 and seven months before giving birth. The mother bears one infant at a time, and will care for it between six months or a year during which time she will carry the young sloth with her everywhere she goes. | <urn:uuid:9a61c037-bc7d-4349-bfa6-985be2280c1e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.edgeofexistence.org/species/pygmy-three-toed-sloth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.967675 | 572 | 3.328125 | 3 |
1. Description of Our Community
We consider our schools to be our communities. Students spend most of their time in schools, not only learning academic disciplines but also disciplines of life and whereas we find ourselves in predicaments where students are tempted to stray from making good choices, we’d like to do our part in keeping our community a comfortable one where everyone can feel safe. Students in the Middle School years are exposed to a range of situations where outside pressures may dissuade them from standing their ground and continuing to make good choices. We feel the student population needs to be reminded about the dangers and consequences of substance abuse and addictions. Building the DARE Kauai website will help in reinforcing the lessons students learn in 3rd and again in 5th grade from DARE officers that instruct classes about drug awareness. We’re extending our community beyond the boundaries of four-walled classrooms so that even from home or elsewhere, students’ learnings can still be reinforced. 2. Summary of Our Project
Kauai, the oldest of the 8 major Hawaiian islands takes pride in the many natural splendors surrounding its people, however, we also find ourselves amidst many serious societal scenery, specifically the drug environment. Our class is building a partnership with our local police department in creating a website to promote the Drug Awareness and Resistance Education program already implemented by the police department. Our focus will be to reinforce the teachings about drug use/effects and promote positive choices. 3. Our Computer and Internet Access
A. Percentage of students using the Internet at home:more than 50%
B. Number of workstations with Internet access in the classroom:more than 6
C. Connection speed used in the classroom:dedicated connection
D. Number of years our classroom has been connected to the Internet:1
4. Problems We Had To Overcome
Probably the biggest challenge this year was working with the range of experiences the students started the class with, technology-wise. Some had some computer time at their previous school, but was unfamiliar with browsers and working with graphics. And I also had students who're accomplished web builders. Although they all started at different levels, I'm so pleased to see so much growth in their technological abilities since the beginning. 5. Our Project Sound Bite
Service-Learning in action! 6. How did your activities and research for this CyberFair Project support standards, required coursework and curriculum standards? | <urn:uuid:0d526b67-0931-40de-b91b-b8eacb824eff> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.globalschoolnet.org/gsncf/narrative_view.cfm?narrid=146 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.962393 | 622 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The criteria set up in the Advanced Technology class these students are part of was designed to help students meet Hawaii Technology Standards more appropriate to the high school level. The students have incorporated Service-Learning in their technology class, applying the technology they're learning to a real-world need. Students have begun to realize that in different ways, they can contribute to building up a community and maintaining the standards of behavior within a community. The Internet has been such a useful tool because not only has it been a research option for the students, but it has become the platform for their learning and sharing about what they're learning. | <urn:uuid:0d526b67-0931-40de-b91b-b8eacb824eff> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.globalschoolnet.org/gsncf/narrative_view.cfm?narrid=146 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.962393 | 622 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Archeologists at Peru say the 227 bodies they’ve discovered from a website used by the pre-Columbian Chimu civilization is that the biggest-ever discovery of missing kids. Archeologists have been digging because of last year in the enormous sacrificial website in Huanchaco, a beachside tourist city north of the capital Lima. “This is the largest website where the remains of missing kids are discovered,” chief archeologist Feren Castillo told AFP on Tuesday. “They had been sacrificed to support the El Nino phenomenon,” and show indications of being murdered during wet weather,” he explained
He added that there could be to be discovered. “It is uncontrollable, this matter with all the kids. The children’s remains were located in a situation facing the ocean. Some still had hair and skin. Archeologists first discovered children’s bodies in the dig site from the city’s Pampa la Cruz area on June 2018, unearthing 56 skeletons. ampa la Cruz is a brief distance from Huanchaquito, in which the remains of 140 sacrificed kids and 200 llamas were located in April 2018. The Chimu culture extended across the rocky shore to Ecuador but vanished in 1475 later it had been conquered by the Inca empire. | <urn:uuid:4b518f09-9db2-4cd0-b81a-da37600520fb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.keyc.tv/archeologists-at-peru-find-remains-of-227-sacrificed-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.968216 | 278 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The heart on the right shows a heart with pericarditis, in which the membrane (pericardium) that surrounds the heart is swollen and infected. The heart on the left shows a heart with a normal pericardium. Pericarditis is swelling and irritation of the pericardium, the thin saclike membrane surrounding your heart. Pericarditis often causes chest pain and sometimes other symptoms. The sharp chest pain associated with pericarditis occurs when the irritated layers of the pericardium rub against each other. Pericarditis usually begins suddenly but doesn't last long (acute). When symptoms develop more gradually or persist, pericarditis is considered chronic. Most cases are mild and usually improve on their own. Treatment for more-severe cases may include medications and, rarely, surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment may help to reduce the risk of long-term complications from pericarditis. Pericarditis care at Mayo medical institution
Pericarditis has different classification types, depending on the pattern of symptoms and how long symptoms last. Acute pericarditis usually lasts less than three weeks. Incessant pericarditis lasts about four to six weeks but less than three months and is continuous. Pericarditis is described as recurrent if it occurs about four to six weeks after an episode of acute pericarditis with a symptom-free interval in between. Pericarditis is considered chronic if symptoms last longer than three months. If you have acute pericarditis, the most common symptom is sharp, stabbing chest pain behind the breastbone or in the left side of your chest. However, some people with acute pericarditis describe their chest pain as dull, achy or pressure-like instead, and of varying intensity. The pain of acute pericarditis may travel into your left shoulder and neck. It often intensifies when you cough, lie down or inhale deeply. Sitting up and leaning forward can often ease the pain. At times, it may be difficult to distinguish pericardial pain from the pain that occurs with a heart attack. Chronic pericarditis is usually associated with chronic inflammation and may result in fluid around the heart (pericardial effusion). The most common symptom of chronic pericarditis is chest pain. | <urn:uuid:ce4fe44f-0293-46ee-a1e7-0966aba066ba> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.modafinate.net/diseases-conditions/pericarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352510/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.914604 | 1,176 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Depending on the type, signs and symptoms of pericarditis may include some or all of the following:
- Sharp, piercing chest pain over the center or left side of the chest, which is generally more intense when breathing in
- Shortness of breath when reclining
- Heart palpitations
- Low-grade fever
- An overall sense of weakness, fatigue or feeling sick
- Abdominal or leg swelling
When to see a doctor
Seek immediate medical care if you develop new symptoms of chest pain. Many of the symptoms of pericarditis are similar to those of other heart and lung conditions. The sooner you are evaluated, the sooner you can receive proper diagnosis and treatment. For example, although the cause of acute chest pain may be pericarditis, the original cause could have been a heart attack or a blood clot of the lungs (pulmonary embolus). Under normal circumstances, the two-layered pericardial sac that surrounds your heart contains a small amount of lubricating fluid. In pericarditis, the sac becomes inflamed and the resulting friction from the inflamed sac leads to chest pain. The cause of pericarditis is often hard to determine. In most cases, doctors either are unable to determine a cause (idiopathic) or suspect a viral infection. Pericarditis can also develop shortly after a major heart attack, due to the irritation of the underlying damaged heart muscle. In addition, a delayed form of pericarditis may occur weeks after a heart attack or heart surgery. This delayed pericarditis is known as Dressler's syndrome. Dressler's syndrome may also be called postpericardiotomy syndrome, post-myocardial infarction syndrome and post-cardiac injury syndrome. Other causes of pericarditis include:
Systemic inflammatory disorders. These may include lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Trauma. Injury to your heart or chest may occur as a result of a motor vehicle or other accident. Other health disorders. These may include kidney failure, AIDS, tuberculosis and cancer. Certain medications. Some medications can cause pericarditis, although this is unusual. Complications of pericarditis may include:
Constrictive pericarditis. Although uncommon, some people with pericarditis, particularly those with long-term inflammation and chronic recurrences, can develop permanent thickening, scarring and contraction of the pericardium. In these people, the pericardium loses much of its elasticity and resembles a rigid case that's tight around the heart, which keeps the heart from working properly. | <urn:uuid:ce4fe44f-0293-46ee-a1e7-0966aba066ba> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.modafinate.net/diseases-conditions/pericarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352510/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.914604 | 1,176 | 3.234375 | 3 |
This condition is called constrictive pericarditis and often leads to severe swelling of the legs and abdomen, as well as shortness of breath. Cardiac tamponade. When too much fluid collects in the pericardium, a dangerous condition called cardiac tamponade can develop. Excess fluid puts pressure on the heart and doesn't allow it to fill properly. That means less blood leaves the heart, which causes a dramatic drop in blood pressure. Cardiac tamponade can be fatal if it isn't promptly treated. Early diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis usually reduces the risk of the long-term complications. | <urn:uuid:ce4fe44f-0293-46ee-a1e7-0966aba066ba> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.modafinate.net/diseases-conditions/pericarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352510/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.914604 | 1,176 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Notice the semi-colon (;) at the end of the line to indicate the end of the statement. The above declares a variable but doesn’t place any value in it. You can think of it as just an empty box waiting for content. We can put a value in the box (assign a value) using equals (=) as follows:
var firstName = "Martin";
Notice that the value “Martin” appears in quotes. This is to indicate that the value is text – or to use the more techie term – what we call a ‘string’. Note that when you assign a string/text value you can use double quotes, as above, or single quotes just as long as they pair up. If you were wanting to place a numeric value in a variable there is no need for the quotes. var age= 21;
Warning: Beware if you did use quotes in the above example it would be treated as string and not a number. You probably want to see something happen in the web browser now so take a look at this page. Alerts and Console
In the example linked to above the value of a variable is sent to the alert() method. Methods in a programming language represent doing words / verbs – and are things that you can do – sometimes requiring a value, sometimes that value taking the shape of a variable. var surname = "Cooper"; alert(surname);
If you want to try this yourself create a simple HTML page and add the following before the closing body tag – that is the </body>. There is a simple example here for you to use. You can also make use of jsfiddle to play with code. Here is the simple
alert() example from above:
As well as
console(). Modern browsers like Chrome, Safari, IE9 and Firefox tend to have a ‘console’ often found as part of an Inspector. This is a pane that appears at the bottom of the browser window. For example, in Google Chrome if you right-click anywhere in the page you will be offered a menu with ‘Inspect Element’ as an option. When you select this you will see the Inspector appear at the bottom of the browser window. The Console tab is on the right. | <urn:uuid:96c9063f-cb25-4226-b8d4-00a296a10c27> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.mustbebuilt.co.uk/jquery-introduction/introducing-javascript/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.924647 | 555 | 3.859375 | 4 |
bReader is my final year project which helps blind persons to read from anywhere. It is an embedded application and consists of java and Arduino code. First of all you can get the overview of project by the given presentation:
The devices related to Braille are very expensive and the blind persons usually cannot afford. Technology has made available other aids for blind people, including talking calculators, speech-time compressors, computer terminals with speech output, Braille printers, paperless Braille computer terminals. But these devices are very costly to purchase. Braille is a system of touch reading and writing for blind persons in which raised dots represent the letters of the alphabet. Braille is read by moving the hands from left to right along each line. Both hands are usually involved in reading process and reading is generally done by the index finger. The average reading speed is 125 words per minute. There are two levels in Braille language. - Level 1
- Level 2
In level 1, Blind persons read the text character by character. In level 2, there are short hands in Braille language. We worked on level 1 Braille language. Following figure shows the Braille language:
Blind persons first learn from the sixer like a Lego game. Figure shows the sixer for blinds:
First, the blind person learns to write on four liner as given below:
Then they move to the slate. They put the paper inside the slate and write with stylus as shown in figure:
The bReader is designed to help the visually impaired persons to read books. Books which are available for a blind person are expensive, so our embedded application gives assess to every blind person to read books easily and gain knowledge. Our application will facilitate the blind persons to read any text with the help of sound and braille device which will get as per given scanned text. If our application embedded on pen then it will be cheap relatively compared to present solutions and every person can buy it. bReader has following features:
- Blind can click the picture
- Application scans the picture
- Extract text from picture
- Embossed the text character by character on braille device
- Give audio of the text | <urn:uuid:099aad7a-0c77-4a65-af7d-bb43d05494aa> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.mysoftwork.com/2016/06/27/inheritance-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.939509 | 450 | 3.046875 | 3 |
It is a great point in every good system of laws to determine exactly the credibility of witnesses and the proofs of guilt Every reasonable man—that is, every man with a certain connection between his ideas and with feelings like those of other men—is capable of bearing witness. The true measure of his credibility is only the interest he has in speaking or in not speaking the truth; so that nothing can be more frivolous than to reject the evidence of women on the pretext of their feebleness, nothing more childish than to apply the results of real death to civil death as regards the testimony of the condemned, nothing more unmeaning than to insist on the mark of infamy in the infamous when they have no interest in lying.CHAPTER XII. TORTURE. These are some of the difficulties of the subject, which teach us the necessity of constant open-mindedness with regard to all ideas or practices connected with criminal law. But, would we further examine our established notions, we should consider a statement from Hobbes which goes to the very root of the theory of punishment.So great, however, did the changes appear to be, that Sir James Mackintosh declared, towards the close of his life, that it was as if he had lived in two different countries, such was the contrast between the past and the present. Yet Sir James died in the very year that the first Reform Bill passed, and it was not till after that event that any really great progress was made towards ameliorating the penal laws. CHAPTER II. THE GENERAL INFLUENCE OF BECCARIA ON LEGISLATION.Finally, a man who, when examined, persists in an obstinate refusal to answer, deserves a punishment fixed by the laws, and one of the heaviest they can inflict, that men may not in this way escape the necessary example they owe to the public. But this punishment is not necessary when it is beyond all doubt that such a person has committed such a crime, questions being useless, in the same way that confession is, when other proofs sufficiently demonstrate guilt And this last case is the most usual, for experience proves that in the majority of trials the accused are wont to plead ‘Not guilty.’
In proportion as punishments become milder, clemency and pardon become less necessary. Happy the nation in which their exercise should be baneful! | <urn:uuid:f94eaad8-30bb-4c14-b8a4-ddd99cd7b384> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://zhuopuled.net.cn/202010307851243/0121257/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970995 | 2,543 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Clemency, therefore, that virtue, which has sometimes made up in a sovereign for failings in all the other duties of the throne, ought to be excluded in a perfect system of legislation, where punishments are mild and the method of trial regular and expeditious. This truth will appear a hard one to anybody living in the present chaotic state of the criminal law, where the necessity of pardon and favours accords with the absurdity of the laws and with the severity of sentences of punishment. This right of pardon is indeed the fairest prerogative of the throne, the most desirable attribute of sovereignty; it is, however, the tacit mark of disapproval that the beneficent dispensers of the public happiness exhibit towards a code, which with all its imperfections claims in its favour the prejudice of ages, the voluminous and imposing array of innumerable commentators, the weighty apparatus of unending formalities, and the adhesion of those persons of half-learning who, though less feared than real philosophers, are really more dangerous. But let it be remembered that clemency is the virtue of the maker, not of the executor, of the laws; that it should be conspicuous in the code of laws rather than in particular judgments; that the showing to men, that crimes may be pardoned and that punishment is not their necessary consequence, encourages the hope of impunity, and creates the belief that sentences of condemnation, which might be remitted and are not, are rather violent exhibitions of force than emanations of justice. What shall be said then when the sovereign grants a pardon, that is, public immunity to an individual, and when a private act of unenlightened kindness constitutes a public decree of impunity? Let the laws therefore be inexorable and their administrators in particular cases inexorable, but let the law-maker be mild, merciful, and humane. Let him found his edifice, as a wise architect, on the basis of self-love; let the general interest be the sum of the interests of each, and he will no longer be constrained, by partial laws and violent remedies to separate at every moment the public welfare from that of individuals, and to raise the appearance of public security on fear and mistrust. | <urn:uuid:f94eaad8-30bb-4c14-b8a4-ddd99cd7b384> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://zhuopuled.net.cn/202010307851243/0121257/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970995 | 2,543 | 2.6875 | 3 |
As a profound and feeling philosopher let him allow men, that is, his brethren, to enjoy in peace that small share of happiness which is given them to enjoy in this corner of the universe, in that immense system established by the First Cause, by Him Who Is. CHAPTER II. THE GENERAL INFLUENCE OF BECCARIA ON LEGISLATION.Count Pietro Verri was the son of Gabriel, who was distinguished alike for his legal knowledge and high position in Milan. At the house of Pietro, Beccaria and the other friends used to meet for the discussion and study of political and social questions. Alessandro, the younger brother of Pietro, held the office of ‘Protector of Prisoners,’ an office which consisted in visiting the prisons, listening to the grievances of the inmates, and discovering, if possible, reasons for their defence or for mercy. The distressing sights he was witness of in this capacity are said to have had the most marked effect upon him; and there is no doubt that this fact caused the attention of the friends to be so much directed to the state of the penal laws. It is believed to have been at the instigation of the two brothers that Beccaria undertook the work which was destined to make his name so famous. For if punishment is weak to prevent crime, it is strong to produce it, and it is scarcely open to doubt that its productive force is far greater than its preventive. Our terms of imprisonment compel more persons to enter a career of crime than they prevent from pursuing one, that being often the only resource left for those who depend on a criminal’s labour. Whether in prison or the workhouse, such dependents become a charge to society; nor does it seem reasonable, that if one man under sore temptation steals a loaf, a hundred other men who do no such thing must contribute to keep, not only the prisoner himself, but his family too, in their daily bread for so long a time as it pleases the law to detain him from earning his and their necessary subsistence.Capital punishment is injurious by the example of barbarity it presents. | <urn:uuid:f94eaad8-30bb-4c14-b8a4-ddd99cd7b384> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://zhuopuled.net.cn/202010307851243/0121257/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970995 | 2,543 | 2.6875 | 3 |
If human passions, or the necessities of war, have taught men to shed one another’s blood, the laws, which are intended to moderate human conduct, ought not to extend the savage example, which in the case of a legal execution is all the more baneful in that it is carried out with studied formalities. To me it seems an absurdity, that the laws, which are the expression of the public will, which abhor and which punish murder, should themselves commit one; and that, to deter citizens from private assassination, they should themselves order a public murder. What are the true and the most useful laws? Are they not those covenants and conditions which all would wish observed and proposed, when the incessant voice of private interest is hushed or is united with the interest of the public? What are every man’s feelings about capital punishment? Let us read them in the gestures of indignation and scorn with which everyone looks upon the executioner, who is, after all, an innocent administrator of the public will, a good citizen contributory to the public welfare, an instrument as necessary for the internal security of a State as brave soldiers are for its external. What, then, is the source of this contradiction; and why is this feeling, in spite of reason, ineradicable in mankind? Because men in their most secret hearts, that part of them which more than any other still preserves the original form of their first nature, have ever believed that their lives lie at no one’s disposal, save in that of necessity alone, which, with its iron sceptre, rules the universe.Beccaria would certainly have done better not to have gone to Paris at all. His letters to his wife during his absence show that he was miserable all the time. In every letter he calculates the duration of time that will elapse before his return, and there is an even current of distress and affection running through all the descriptions of his journey. The assurance is frequent that but for making himself ridiculous he would return at once. | <urn:uuid:f94eaad8-30bb-4c14-b8a4-ddd99cd7b384> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://zhuopuled.net.cn/202010307851243/0121257/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970995 | 2,543 | 2.6875 | 3 |
From Lyons he writes that he is in a state of the deepest melancholy; that even the French theatre he had so much looked forward to fails to divert him; and he begs his wife to prepare people for his speedy return by telling them that the air of France has a bad effect on his health. There is a remarkable contradiction between the civil laws, which set so jealous and supreme a guard upon individual life and property, and the laws of so-called honour, which set opinion above everything. This word honour is one of those that have served as the basis for long and brilliant argumentations, without any fixed or permanent idea being attached to it. How miserable is the condition of human minds, more distinctly cognisant of the remotest and least important ideas about the movements of the heavenly bodies, than of those near and important moral notions, which are ever fluctuating and confused, according as the winds of passion impel them and a well-guided ignorance receives and transmits them! But the seeming paradox will vanish, if one considers, that, as objects become confused when too near the eyes, so the too great propinquity of moral ideas easily causes the numerous simple ideas which compose them to become blended together, to the confusion of those clear lines of demarcation demanded by the geometrical spirit, which would fain measure exactly the phenomena of human sensibility. And the wonder will vanish altogether from the impartial student of human affairs, who will suspect that so great a moral machinery and so many restraints are perchance not needed, in order to render men happy and secure.And an advocate to the Parliament of Paris thus expressed himself, in refutation of Beccaria:—
… The cries of sages and philosophers are as the cries of the innocent man on the wheel, where they have never prevented, nor will ever prevent him from expiring, with his eyes upturned to heaven, which will perhaps some day stir up enthusiasm, or religious madness, or some other avenging folly, to accomplish all that their wisdom has failed to do. It is never the oration of the philosopher which disarms the powerful ruler; it is something else, which the combination of chance events brings about. | <urn:uuid:f94eaad8-30bb-4c14-b8a4-ddd99cd7b384> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://zhuopuled.net.cn/202010307851243/0121257/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970995 | 2,543 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Why Perform a Reliability Gap Assessment
Join Carl and Fred as they discuss the important role of Reliability Gap Assessment in creating effective reliability plans. - Why gap assessment is essential before creating a reliability plan
- What happens when you write a reliability plan before doing a gap assessment
- Learning how to manage reliability programs is a life long process
- Each reliability tools have unique selection criteria
- Gap assessment is necessary to select the right tools based on the capability of the organization
Enjoy an episode of Speaking of Reliability. Where you can join friends as they discuss reliability topics. Join us as we discuss topics ranging from design for reliability techniques, to field data analysis approaches. Here is a high-level description of the 5-step process to achieving high reliability that Fred and Carl refer to in this podcast:
Step 1: Develop Reliability Strategic Vision
It is important to begin any new activity with a clear understanding of the goals and objectives. Reliability strategic vision is the envisioned future from a reliability viewpoint. It includes necessary infrastructure, resources, skills, methods capability, and reliability of products and processes. It is developed with full management support, and understood by all employees. Reference chapter 6 in our new book for full description of reliability strategic vision including how it is developed and examples. Step 2: Perform Reliability Gap Assessment
The reliability gap assessment begins with understanding the reliability vision. It is an assessment done by observations and direct communication with key stakeholders in the company. It analyzes shortcomings (gaps) to achieving the vision, identifies capability of current products and processes, and assesses effectiveness of current reliability methods. Gaps include both organizational capability and application of reliability methods. The assessment document outlines the shortcomings or “gaps” between reliability vision and current reliability capability, from business and technical standpoint. It is input to development of effective reliability plan. Reference chapter 7 for complete information on how to perform a reliability gap assessment, including examples. Step 3: Select the right reliability methods
Using the reliability strategic vision and the reliability gap assessment, select the vital few reliability methods that are needed to close the gaps and achieve the reliability objectives. Be specific on the method description. | <urn:uuid:e7ca28dd-c0a5-4c65-a005-66a118f0b6e1> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://accendoreliability.com/podcast/sor/sor-343-perform-reliability-gap-analysis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.933697 | 750 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Don’t just say “FMEA”, say “Design FMEA on Subsystem X.” Don’t just say “DOE”, say “DOE on decal application process.”
Step 4: Create and effective reliability plan
At this point we have identified the vital few tools that are needed to achieve the reliability objectives. We are ready to develop the specific tasks that close the “gaps” from the reliability gap assessment and achieve the vision for reliability. The needed tasks pull together all necessary resources, address high-risk areas, strengthen organizational shortfalls and perform the selected tools. We transition from a list of reliability tools to specific tasks (what, who, when, where, how). The plan is organized, and approved by management. Reference chapter 9 for complete information on how to create an effective reliability plan, including examples. Step 5: Execute reliability plan tasks
If you have done the first 4 steps properly, the reliability plan will encompass a set of tasks that are necessary for project success, and have been bought into by management. The tasks will be described in sufficient detail to accomplish the objectives, and written in an executable manner. At this point the focus is on execution, and the key to execution is to leverage management support to ensure each task is completed. Ensure all gaps are closed in reliability objectives are achieved. Reference chapter 10 for complete information on how to execute reliability plan tasks, including examples. | <urn:uuid:e7ca28dd-c0a5-4c65-a005-66a118f0b6e1> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://accendoreliability.com/podcast/sor/sor-343-perform-reliability-gap-analysis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.933697 | 750 | 2.578125 | 3 |
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