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Very mainstream organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics and American Psychological Association have come out in favor of second parent adoption. The results in court have been mixed. A map showing where second parent adoption is available can be found here . It actually paints a little too optimistic a picture, since some of the states marked as “unknown” have since been ruled out for second parent adoption with the wave of often very broad legislation and constitutional amendments enacted to discriminate against same-sex couples. For example, in Virginia second parent adoption has been ruled out, as has any recognition of same-sex relationships. Also, the states where trial courts have granted second parent adoptions are ones where at least one has occurred. In many cases, this means only that if you are an exemplary case and you get the right judge, you can get a second parent adoption, not that it is generally granted. Still, there are whole states and parts of other states where this is an option and it does in fact grant full parental rights to the second parent. For many of us in many places it’s the only tool we’ve got and we’re grateful for it. The first second parent adoption in NY occurred in 1992, when my son was four years old. I knew the family slightly. One of the mothers is a pediatrician and the other has a PhD in child psychology. They were financially secure, had been together for years before they had a child, their relationship and desire to parent together was well documented long before the pregnancy. They were considered a good first case. I sat in a community meeting where a group of gay family lawyers talked about who should go next after we had that first one granted. The criteria we were given were: long term relationship prior to birth of child, documentation prior to conception of intention to parent together, financial security including joint ownership of a home, advanced degrees for both parents (preferably in education, medicine, psychology or related fields), supportive extended family on both sides. It was demoralizing to listen to. The woman next to me whispered, “Do we stand up and walk out when they get to the part that rules us out?” I was there until the last one – my parents disowned me when I came out, so we weren’t good candidates. | <urn:uuid:fe156e0c-404a-4bba-8dea-08b26a6fc4c7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://mofic.livejournal.com/38791.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.968114 | 2,396 | 2.59375 | 3 |
I suppose I don’t have to say how unfair it is that heterosexual couples don’t get scrutinized in that fashion when they have children, just to give their kids basic rights. In some places second parent adoption is still in that groundbreaking state, and it’s a hard and uncertain process. In some it’s pretty routinized. So, what’s wrong with it? - It’s expensive. This varies from place to place. It can be just a few hundred dollars or a few thousand. It depends in large part whether you need a home study (you do in NY), need specialized and extensive legal help, need one or more court appearances. Remember, straight couples get equal parenthood for free. It comes with marriage (which comes with gifts and financial advantages and health insurance, too!) Lesbians and gay men typically have to spend a lot of money to have children. We do it gladly, but we’re often very stretched when we do. It’s disheartening to have another big expense on top of sperm bank fees and health insurance (which we don’t always get through the usual spousal means, remember) or adoption agency fees. - It’s intrusive. Again, this varies from place to place. If you need a home study, someone has to come to your home and evaluate you as parents. In some cases a guardian ad litem is appointed to represent the child’s interests, which sort of suggests that the parents don’t represent the child’s interests. In less intrusive situations, you still have to get signed affidavits supporting your petition to adopt. Courts have typically not been friendly to our families and our community, and it’s scary often for lesbian and gay parents to have that kind of intrusion. It’s scary for the kids, too, if it’s not being done when they’re infants. In places where it’s expensive and a long and protracted process, parents often wait until they complete the family to go through second parent adoption. They have to do a separate petition for each child, but can do one home study. Children old enough to be questioned in the home study can feel like their family is tenuous, or that they might be taken away from their parents. - It’s too late. At best it can be completed in a few months – in my state and some others it generally takes two years or more. | <urn:uuid:fe156e0c-404a-4bba-8dea-08b26a6fc4c7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://mofic.livejournal.com/38791.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.968114 | 2,396 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Childbirth is quite safe but women do die during childbirth. Women die after childbirth and before a long legal process can be completed, including in car accidents and from illnesses. Couples break up, too, before second parent adoption is completed. We need to do all the not quite parenting legal documents I described those who can’t get full legal status as doing, even if we’re doing second parent adoption, because we can’t wait for second parent adoption and we need whatever little protection we can have in the interim. And those cost money, too. -It’s not universally available. If you live in Virginia, it’s not much consolation that you could get a second parent adoption if you lived in New York. If you live in the right part of Minnesota (like my sister and her wife do) it’s pretty easy to do. I did one of the affidavits and my nephew had two legal parents before he was four months old. If you live in the wrong part of the state, though, you don’t get to do it at all. - It’s not durable. Couples have done second parent adoption and then moved to states where their equal parenthood has not been recognized. Couples have done second parent adoption and then the bio mother has left with the child and moved to a state where her ex is no longer a parent. A woman named Sharon Silverstein tried to have all California second parent adoptions nullified when she broke up with her partner and coparent and wanted to undo the second parent adoptions she had agreed to. California was the first state to have second parent adoption and has the most in the country. Silverstein won at the appellate court level and the legal status of thousands of families was in question. She lost at the court of appeals level and the state legislature also stepped in and there are again options for same-sex parents in California, but no one should have to live with the uncertainty that was rife in that state when the case was unresolved. Some of the cases in other states are still unresolved. Children of heterosexual parents don’t have to worry about whether they have rights to their parents’ support based on what state they live in. Ours shouldn’t either. - It’s offensive. | <urn:uuid:fe156e0c-404a-4bba-8dea-08b26a6fc4c7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://mofic.livejournal.com/38791.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.968114 | 2,396 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Even if it goes really well, even if it's treated just like a step-parent adoption and the biological or adoptive parent's say so is sufficient to grant it, even if it’s minimally intrusive, even if it doesn’t cost much - second parent adoption is a legal fiction that protects our families only by forcing us to deny them. Adoption is a wonderful legal tool for bringing children into a family and if done properly protects the rights of all - the birth parents, the child, and the adoptive parents. Step-parent adoption is an excellent way to bring legal acknowledgement to a change in a family when a single parent marries and the new partner over time becomes a parent. But in both cases adoption is about legal recognition of change in a child's parents. It is just the wrong tool to acknowledge parenthood that has had no change. My ex and I were equal parents from the start. We conceived of our kids before we conceived them, planned and hoped and struggled through years of infertility together. We were parents from the start. We’re not step-parents and we shouldn’t need a legal process that demands that we pretend we’re becoming what we always were just to receive the rights our families always should have had. So, am I saying not to do second parent adoption? Not at all. In fact, I think those who can ought to do it even when other tools are available. For all its faults, it’s generally the best tool we’ve got. I think a special place in hell should be reserved for people like Sharon Silverstein who fuck with what little protection we have just to achieve their own selfish aims. By all means, go ahead and do second parent adoption if it’s available to you. But let’s realistically acknowledge its limitations and not present it as the answer to the problem of lack of legal recognition for same sex parents. It’s an answer for a few families and in general it’s the best or only answer for those who can do it. But it’s not an answer to the social and legal inequity as a whole. Next Up: More Tools To Protect Gay and Lesbian Families: Civil Union, Domestic Partnership, and Marriage | <urn:uuid:fe156e0c-404a-4bba-8dea-08b26a6fc4c7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://mofic.livejournal.com/38791.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.968114 | 2,396 | 2.59375 | 3 |
How to simulate a phylogenetic tree ? (part 1)05 Dec 2017
Benchmarking phylogenetic algorithms often required the availability of a dataset of true evolutionary histories. As these true histories are hardly known, we rely instead on simulated datasets. In this series of post, I will present simple algorithms for the simulation of phylogenetic trees depicting the evolutionary history of a gene family. This first part will focus on the simulation of
species tree under either a
pure birth or a
Simulations of phylogenetic trees are often conducted under a constant rate of evolution (molecular clock). The molecular clock can later be relaxed to allow variation in rates accross branches. In fact, the algorithms presented here will only consider elapsed time. Therefore, branch lengths will only represent time (no substitution rate). Ultrametric binary tree with a pure birth model (Yule process). With a pure birth model, the rate of only one event (birth of two new nodes from a parent one) is required. This model can be used for the simulation of species trees where the birth rate can be seen as the speciation rate. From a time \( t_0 \) corresponding to the starting time of evolution with a single ancestral species, new branches leading to new species are generated. This process is also referred to as the Yule process . This is a really simple and quite unrealistic model since it entirely ignore the dynamics of evolution. At any time \( t_i \) there are \( n_i \) number of individuals in the population, and each individual is able to independently give birth to an offspring at constant rate \( \sigma \). At most one birth can occur within a time interval \( ]t_i, t_i + \Delta t[ \) and after a birth has happened, the parent and child evolve independently. For a straightforward implementation (code below), we start with a pool of extant species of size one. After a waiting time which depends upon the speciation rate \( \sigma \), this single ancestral species is replaced by its two children in the pool of extant species. The process is then repeated several times, with a random extant species, until a stopping criterion is reached. | <urn:uuid:f473e7bd-620b-417b-81d1-7a9c0d0d175d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://mrnoutahi.com/2017/12/05/How-to-simulate-a-tree/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.889963 | 773 | 3.125 | 3 |
The most common stopping criteria are :
- Total evolution time
- Total number of extant species (number of leaves)
And an example of output is :
As you can see, the simulated tree is perfectly ultrametric. Simulating a tree in a birth-death model
In a birth-death model, lineage can go extinct. Therefore, a rate for death events should additionally be be considered. Similar to the Yule process, in a small interval of time \( ]t_i, t_i + \Delta t[ \) , only one of the three following transitions are possible:
one birth or
The birth-death model is one of the most used for the simulation of species trees. Implementation of this model (birth_death_tree ) follows a structure similar to the one above. The most important difference is to ensure that extinct species cannot be selected to give birth and should not have their branch lengths updated either. And an example of output is :
The lost nodes are shown in gray dashed line. You can see that the corresponding lineage are at a shorter distance from the root compared to extant species. In the second part of this post, I will show how to simulate a gene family evolution with duplication, loss and transfer events, given a species tree. Yule G., “A mathematical theory of evolution, based on the conclusions of Dr. J.C. Willis, F.R.S.”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, vol. 213, pp. 21–84, 1924 | <urn:uuid:f473e7bd-620b-417b-81d1-7a9c0d0d175d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://mrnoutahi.com/2017/12/05/How-to-simulate-a-tree/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.889963 | 773 | 3.125 | 3 |
In 2002, the United States Supreme Court in Zelman v. Simmons-Harris upheld Ohio's law allowing state money for school vouchers that parents could use to pay for private schools, including private religious schools. School vouchers, and other "school choice" laws that divert money to private institutions, remain controversial, and in this 2007 photo, people brought children to help rally against the Ohio governor's proposal to eliminate the voucher program from the state's budget. (AP Photo by Kiichiro Sato, used with permission from the Associated Press)
The Supreme Court ruled in Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, 536 U.S. 639 (2002), that publicly funded vouchers could be used to send children to religious schools, provided certain constitutional prerequisites were met. This landmark but closely divided 5-4 decision launched political and religious battles in states over school vouchers and aid to private schools that raised important establishment clause questions. Ohio voucher program allowed parents to sent their child to schools of their choice
In the early 1990s, Cleveland public schools were in disarray; critics argued that they no longer were able to achieve the primary goal of educating students. In response, Ohio created a program that provided parents of students in low performing schools with a voucher to send their child to the school of their choice. Many of the families who participated used these vouchers to enroll their children in private religious schools. Opponents said school voucher program violated First Amendment establishment clause
A group of Ohio taxpayers brought a suit against such aid on establishment clause grounds, claiming the program had the effect of providing taxpayer money to religious institutions. Ohio argued that this situation differed from previous establishment clause cases because the money was not awarded directly to religious schools, but instead went to private individuals who then chose to use the money at a religious institution. The state also pointed to the many religious neutral criteria that were used to award the vouchers to the families. In 1999 a federal district court in Ohio found in favor of the taxpayer group and permanently enjoined the government-financed voucher program. On appeal, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the lower court ruling. Supreme Court found program neutral with respect to religion, upheld vouchers
The Supreme Court justices sharply split between these two positions. | <urn:uuid:b7db33c7-e160-412d-a5e4-b9defaf5d1d7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/723/zelman-v-simmons-harris | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.966107 | 814 | 3.3125 | 3 |
The five in the majority, who overruled the lower courts and sustained the program over establishment clause concerns, pointed to the neutrality of the program and parental choice, as well as civil rights concerns. For the majority, Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist wrote: “The Ohio program is entirely neutral with respect to religion. It provides benefits directly to a wide spectrum of individuals, defined only by financial need and residence in a particular school district. It permits such individuals to exercise genuine choice among options public and private, secular and religious. The program is therefore a program of true private choice.”
The dissenters emphasized that under the traditional criteria of Everson v. Board of Education (1947), public money was not to go to religious organizations. They questioned the appearance of neutrality by pointing out that 96 percent of those awarded vouchers used them at religious schools. Some state constitutions may prohibit school vouchers
The political effect of this ruling has been to redirect the fight over education vouchers back to the states, where state legislatures and interest groups work through the feasibility and usefulness of such programs, as long as they do not directly aid religious schools. Many states, particularly in the West, have state constitutions that may prohibit such programs, despite the Court’s holding in Zelman that these vouchers are permissible under the U.S. Constitution. This article was originally published in 2009. John Ferguson is a senior lecturer of Business Law and Ethics at Utah State University. Prior to his academic career Ferguson spent eight years as the First Amendment Education Coordinator at the Freedom Forum First Amendment Center at Vanderbilt University. While there he traveled across the country working with schools and communities to resolve First Amendment related controversies and wrote extensively on First Amendment matters.Send Feedback on this article | <urn:uuid:b7db33c7-e160-412d-a5e4-b9defaf5d1d7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/723/zelman-v-simmons-harris | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.966107 | 814 | 3.3125 | 3 |
February is Children’s Dental Health Month, an event that aims to raise awareness about oral…
Did you know that tooth decay is considered one of the most common chronic diseases that affect kids? It’s true. Children with poor dental health are nearly three times more likely to miss school because of dental pain than their peers who have good oral health. Plus, toothaches can affect their performance, leading them to struggle in school. In most cases, bad oral health and tooth decay are preventable, and prevention starts with strong dental healthcare habits, like brushing their teeth. Unfortunately, many kids don’t automatically take to their oral health routine. That means it’s time to get them excited about brushing their teeth. How? Follow these easy tips from your Farmington dentist to get your kids excited about taking care of their oral health! Lead by Example
Many young children look up to their parents. So, if you want them to take their oral health seriously, then you need to too. Make activities like brushing your teeth a family affair by brushing your teeth while your child brushes theirs. This shows them that, by taking part, they are just like mom, dad, or their older siblings. And that can go a long way when it comes to encouraging them to brush. Use Kid-Friendly Products
There is a wide range of oral health products designed with children in mind. This includes toothbrushes, oral rinses, and toothpastes that feature fun characters, unique colors, and enticing flavors. In many cases, these products are geared towards kids’ needs, ensuring that they provide all of the function and protection in a form that children love. If your kid is excited about a particular cartoon character or flavor, then consider working that into their routine. This may help motivate them to brush their teeth regularly, as it allows them to use items that they connect with on a different level than a standard brush, rinse or toothpaste. Create a Reward System
When in doubt, create a reward system to help encourage your child to brush their teeth. This can include anything from a chart that allows them to place a new sticker on it whenever they complete their routine (and a big reward whenever the fill the chart up), a dime into a piggy bank, or anything else that gets them excited. | <urn:uuid:ac770391-1603-4edf-b88a-f3f382ff4b18> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://myredrockdental.com/pediatric-dentistry/ask-your-farmington-dentist-how-to-get-your-child-excited-about-brushing-their-teeth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.960363 | 611 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The reward doesn’t have to be expensive to be effective, so don’t assume that it will cost you a lot to build a reward system. Get Regular Checkups
Just like adults, children need to see their Farmington, NM pediatric dentist regularly to ensure proper oral health. By doing so, you can make sure that their routine is effective. Regular dental check-ups give you valuable information in case you need to make changes to ensure their teeth and mouth stay healthy. If it’s time for your child to have a checkup, contact your kid-friendly Farmington, NM dentist today. | <urn:uuid:ac770391-1603-4edf-b88a-f3f382ff4b18> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://myredrockdental.com/pediatric-dentistry/ask-your-farmington-dentist-how-to-get-your-child-excited-about-brushing-their-teeth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.960363 | 611 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Racism is a Public Health Crisis
June 4, 2020
Megan Rochford, PCC-S
Program Director of NAMI Greater Cleveland
On May 29, 2020, Daniel H. Gillson, CEO of NAMI released a statement in response to recent racist events across the country and their impact on mental health. (See that statement here: https://nami.org/About-NAMI/NAMI-News/2020/NAMI-s-Statement-On-Recent-Racist-Incidents-and-Mental-Health-Resources-for-African-Americans)
The next morning, NAMI Greater Cleveland and Peel Dem Layers Back collaborated on a live stream of “The Root of It All”, a virtual event to raise awareness of mental health, resources and support among young people from black and brown communities. The event’s co-host, mental health activist Archie Green, read Daniel Gillson’s statement aloud at the conclusion of the livestream. “Racism is a public health crisis”, Archie read. “I’ll repeat that: Racism. Is. A. Public. Health. Crisis.”
That moment was electrifying. In an event that was already super-charged with energy for mental health awareness and passion for eliminating stigma, Daniel Gillson’s fervent statement of support for people of color and their mental health reverberated in the souls of every Root of It All performer and speaker at the Beachland Ballroom sound stage, and everyone watching the livestream from living rooms, porches, kitchens, parks and backyards all across Greater Cleveland. There is clear data that racism negatively impacts the lives of people of color throughout Cuyahoga County. Centuries of historical racism have created enormous disparities in our community and deprived black and brown communities of opportunities for employment, education, housing, public safety, nutrition and even access to medical care itself, all of which are social determinants of overall health and wellbeing. Chronic and pervasive exposure to discrimination also inflicts a high level of stress and trauma on black and brown communities. Research on adverse childhood experiences, such as violence, hunger, parental divorce, or loss of a parent due to incarceration, has found that these events are disproportionately experienced by black children when compared to white children. Black children experience greater negative impacts on academic, behavioral, and physical health outcomes as a result. Statistics show a national disparity between black and white infant mortality rates. Here in Ohio, black infant mortality rates are consistently ranked among the worst in the nation; in 2015, Cuyahoga County had the worst black infant mortality rate in the State of Ohio. | <urn:uuid:d36905f3-f6ec-449f-a0b4-2dfa87f24ce5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://namigreatercleveland.org/racism-is-a-public-health-crisis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.935575 | 818 | 2.875 | 3 |
The effects of racism and discrimination are lifelong: the rate of poverty in the Cleveland metropolitan area for black residents is nearly double that of white residents, while the median income for white residents is over twice that of black residents. The rates of chronic diseases, including asthma, diabetes, and hypertension, are significantly higher in predominantly black neighborhoods of Cleveland. On average, black residents of Cleveland have a life expectancy that is 6 years less than that of their white neighbors. After reading NAMI’s statement on the racist events of May 2020, Archie Green sang to an enthralled virtual audience from his virtual platform at the Beachland Ballroom, “We are all human beings. We all have the right to be here. It’s time that we all live free, that we love one another”, as heart emojis streamed across the screen. Greater Clevelanders agree: they want a just and compassionate community. Racism and racial trauma have real and savage effects on mental health in communities of color in Greater Cleveland. There is much work to do to address racial injustice in Cuyahoga County. We must remember mental health, including equitable access to care, culturally competent care, and the extermination of discrimination, as we address the public health crisis that is racism. | <urn:uuid:d36905f3-f6ec-449f-a0b4-2dfa87f24ce5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://namigreatercleveland.org/racism-is-a-public-health-crisis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.935575 | 818 | 2.875 | 3 |
About Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Nonwoody Plants in Missouri
A very simple way of thinking about the green world is to divide the vascular plants into two groups: woody and nonwoody (or herbaceous). But this is an artificial division; many plant families include some species that are woody and some that are not. The diversity of nonwoody vascular plants is staggering! Think of all the ferns, grasses, sedges, lilies, peas, sunflowers, nightshades, milkweeds, mustards, mints, and mallows — weeds and wildflowers — and many more! | <urn:uuid:5ce6ff87-b1c8-4e77-9688-1e956fd0a182> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/search?f%5B0%5D=field_fg_types%3A5592&f%5B1%5D=field_color%3A2906&f%5B2%5D=field_habitat%3A5303&f%5B3%5D=field_habitat%3A5300&%3Bf%5B1%5D=field_key_identifiers%3A5449 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.932244 | 132 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Neighbors for Clean Air envisions an Oregon where every community has clean and healthy air to breathe. Why We Care
Oregon’s Air Is Toxic
Multnomah County has the fourth highest level of diesel pollution in the nation. Nineteen Oregon counties have concentrations of diesel pollution at rates so high that residents face increased risk of cancer. This contributes to a statewide cost of $3.5 billion, harming the health and productivity of Oregonians. Diesel’s black carbon is also one of the worst contributors to our climate crisis. Stopping diesel will dramatically slow the pace of climate change. Clean Air is a Racial Justice Issue
Diesel pollution in Black, Brown and Indigenous neighborhoods in Portland are 20 times higher than other parts of the City, exacerbating already severe racial health disparities. In particular, rates of asthma in non-white neighborhoods are significantly higher than elsewhere. Industrial sites, transportation corridors and other pollution generators often exist near BIPOC communities. Our Children’s Health is at Risk
Oregon is in the top five states with the highest percentage of people living with asthma. Numerous studies show that early exposure to bad air leads not only to poor lung function and cardiac disease but also has negative impacts on brain development. This has been shown to increase absenteeism and lower performance on standardized tests of students attending schools in high pollution zones. Existing Regulations Don’t Ensure Healthy Air
Despite the clear public health risks, nearly all air pollution in Oregon remains legal. The Clean Air Act only provides limits for 6 pollutants in the air we breathe despite recognizing over 187 additional hazardous air pollutants that cause cancer and negative human health effects. Oregon Department of Environmental Quality data shows the concentration of some of these pollutants in the Portland Metro area is over 100 times healthy levels. Contact Neighbors For Clean Air
Neighbors for Clean Air
P.O. Box 10544
Portland OR 97296 | <urn:uuid:b46ffa37-4446-4626-a0bc-45caa3c1cf22> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://neighborsforcleanair.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.912156 | 389 | 3 | 3 |
On July 25, a team of researchers from the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) will present two papers at the SIGGRAPH computer graphics conference in Anaheim, California, which propose new methods for streamlining and simplifying the 3-D printing process, utilizing more efficient, intuitive and accessible technologies. “Our goal is to make 3-D printing much easier and less computationally complex,” said Associate Professor Wojciech Matusik, co-author of the papers and a leader of the Computer Graphics Group at CSAIL. “Ours is the first work that unifies design, development and implementation into one seamless process, making it possible to easily translate an object from a set of specifications into a fully operational 3-D print.”
3-D printing poses enormous computational challenges to existing software. For starters, in order to fabricate complex surfaces containing bumps, color gradations and other intricacies, printing software must produce an extremely high-resolution model of the object, with detailed information on each surface that is to be replicated. Such models often amount to petabytes of data, which current programs have difficulty processing and storing. To address these challenges, Matusik and his team developed OpenFab, a programmable “pipeline” architecture. Inspired by RenderMan, the software used to design computer-generated imagery commonly seen in movies, OpenFab allows for the production of complex structures with varying material properties. To specify intricate surface details and the composition of a 3-D object, OpenFab uses “fablets”, programs written in a new programming language that allow users to modify the look and feel of an object easily and efficiently. “Our software pipeline makes it easier to design and print new materials and to continuously vary the properties of the object you are designing,” said Kiril Vidimče, lead author of one of the two papers and a PhD student at CSAIL. “In traditional manufacturing most objects are composed of multiple parts made out of the same material. With OpenFab, the user can change the material consistency of an object, for example designing the object to transition from stiff at one end to flexible and compressible at the other end.”
Thanks to OpenFab’s streaming architecture, data about the design of the 3-D object is computed on demand and sent to the printer as it becomes available, with little start-up delay. | <urn:uuid:350d061d-9fa2-4596-9082-bfae70b76e73> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://news.mit.edu/2013/csail-researchers-develop-new-ways-to-streamline-simplify-3d-printing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.899663 | 1,001 | 2.796875 | 3 |
So far, Matusik’s research team has been able to replicate a wide array of objects using OpenFab, including an insect embedded in amber, a marble table and a squishy teddy bear. In order to create lifelike objects that are hard, soft, reflect light and conform to touch, users must currently specify the material composition of the object they wish to replicate. This is no easy task, as it’s often easier to define the desired end-state of an object -- for example, saying that an object needs to be soft -- than to determine which materials should be used in its production. To simplify this process, Matusik and his colleagues developed a new methodology called Spec2Fab. Instead of requiring explicit design specifications for each region of a print, and testing every possible combination, Spec2Fab employs a “reducer tree”, which breaks the object down into more manageable chunks. Spec2Fab’s “tuner network” then uses the reducer tree to automatically determine the material composition of an object. By combining existing computer graphics algorithms, Matusik’s team has used Spec2Fab to create a multitude of 3-D prints, creating optical effects like caustic images and objects with specific deformation and textural properties. “Spec2Fab is a small but powerful toolbox for building algorithms that can produce an endless array of complex, printable objects,” said Desai Chen, a PhD student at CSAIL and lead author of one of the papers presented at SIGGRAPH. The two papers to be presented at SIGGRAPH are “OpenFab: A Programmable Pipeline for Multi-Material Fabrication,” authored by Kiril Vidimče, Szu-Po Wang, Jonathan Ragan-Kelley and Wojciech Matusik; and “Spec2Fab: A Reducer-Tuner Model for Translating Specifications to 3-D Prints,” authored by Desai Chen, David I. W. Levin, Piotr Didyk, Pitchaya Sitthi-Amorn and Wojciech Matusik. For more information on OpenFab, please visit: http://openfab.mit.edu/. For more information on Spec2Fab, please visit: http://spec2fab.mit.edu. | <urn:uuid:350d061d-9fa2-4596-9082-bfae70b76e73> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://news.mit.edu/2013/csail-researchers-develop-new-ways-to-streamline-simplify-3d-printing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.899663 | 1,001 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Infestation Location & Management Zones
Generally infested area
Emerald ash borer is in this zone, though not necessarily in all ash trees. Potential expansion area
Emerald ash borer isn't known to be in the area, but the area is within 10 miles of the outer limits of the known infestation. There is a high probability emerald ash borer will spread naturally to this zone within a few years. Emerald ash borer isn't known to be in the area and it is more than 10 miles from the known infestation. Emerald Ash Borer
Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) was found in Concord in March 2013, and the list of towns with known infestations continues to grow. As a non-native insect, EAB lacks predators to keep it in check. EAB attacks ash trees and infested trees die within 3 to 5 years. PLEASE NOTE: The entirety of the state of New Hampshire is within the federal EAB quarantine area. Moving regulated products from anywhere in New Hampshire to non-quarantined areas, like the state of Maine, requires meeting federal regulatory requirements. Visit compliance agreements for more information. Ash movement within the state of New Hampshire is no longer regulated, however, moving ash risks spreading emerald ash borer. As such, we encourage professionals and landowners to follow best management practices when moving ash. You can help protect New Hampshire's forests by reporting suspect trees or insects; considering insecticide treatment of some trees to keep ash in the understory; being aware of the risks of spreading EAB; and using best management practices to avoid transporting this pest to your favorite outdoor spot. It takes years to decades for EAB to spread naturally; humans can spread it in hours. |Information for towns and cities| | <urn:uuid:a7dab274-5ea0-4ad9-a82a-5ff1261caa6e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://nhbugs.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.941001 | 371 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Developing a positive attitude to learning and an “I can do it!” attitude in young children is important. Children need to be willing to take a risk, to have a go, to try something new. They also need to realise that, if they can’t do it yet, it’s not the end of the world. If they try again, practise, and show persistence, one day they’ll be able to achieve many of the things they want. Giving up doesn’t achieve anything. That little word “yet” is very important for children, and adults, to understand. It helps them see that learning is a process, not just a product. Learning is something that continues throughout life. If we want to develop life-long learners, it is important to view learning as a continuum. Every stage is important in and of itself, not just as a stepping stone to the next. If children are acknowledged for what they can do, they will be more willing to have a go at things they haven’t yet. Developing confident children is at the heart of a supportive classroom environment. An “I can do it!” attitude consists of three main parts:
Continue reading on: Developing an “I can do it!” attitude – Readilearn | <urn:uuid:2ecd24ec-92f7-4fbc-8e4c-718664db6cc1> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://norahcolvin.com/2017/02/10/developing-an-i-can-do-it-attitude-readilearn/?like_comment=14925&_wpnonce=4ea45cf6b7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.962125 | 276 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Living On Cloud “Wine”
Grapes take quite a journey from vine to wine. Depending on the type of wine, that journey can be a lengthy one. A lot of different factors influence the quality of a finished wine, and temperature control is the key to ensuring wine finishes that journey. Fermentation Temperature Control
Fermentation is an exothermic, or heat-producing, process. As yeast breaks down sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol, temperatures inside your fermenter will continue to rise. As temperatures climb, the fermentation process speeds up and the result is a run-away chemical train that disrupts flavors, aromas, colors, and alcohol content. “The Goldilocks Zone”
Like the storybook character, fermentation yeasts are happiest when conditions are just right, not too hot and not too cold. If fermentation temperatures are too high, wines can develop a “cooked” flavor, emit unpleasant aromas, and leave your desired alcohol level behind. If fermentation temperatures are too cold yeast can go dormant, alcohol production will stop, and bacteria or mold can can begin to grow. According to top yeast producer Wyeast Laboratories, red wines should ferment between 70° and 85° F. This temperature range not only ensures the yeast finishes the fermentation process but also protects all of the elements that comprise a high-quality red wine. These temperatures are ideal to extract the desired color and tannins from the grapes. Tannins are bitter or astringent compounds that are found in many plants including grapes, and the oak used in wine aging barrels. Tannins produce that drying mouth feel when you drink red wine. Temperature control ensures that tannin levels are carefully managed, and the resulting astringent feel in your mouth can be pleasant and not harsh. According to Wyeast, white wines should be fermented at a lower temperature than reds, between 45° and 60°F. This cooler temperature range means a slower fermentation process that preserves the qualities one looks for in a white wine. These temperatures keep acidity levels under control, protect temperamental aromas, and produces the desired mouth-feel and fruity flavors associated with white wine. Wine Aging and Storage Temperatures
Once fermentation is complete, wine enters the storing and aging stage. Again, according to the experts at Wyeast, the ideal temperature for red wines is around 68° F. White wines should be aged and stored at 60°F. Storing wines at their correct temperatures preserves the flavors you worked so hard to cultivate. | <urn:uuid:a3eb1883-2173-4747-8ec1-4c3eb1f8acf6> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://northslopechillers.com/blog/wine-temperatures-fermentation-and-storage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.905797 | 779 | 2.875 | 3 |
When storing wine, the aging barrels and containers should stay put as much as possible so as to not stir up sediment and adversely affect the texture. Process cooling solutions can bring the temperature control straight to the barrel and keep the wine resting. Temperature Control Methods
There are a wide variety of temperature control methods used in wine making: from water and ice baths, to insulation jackets, and expensively air conditioning entire rooms just to keep yeast in the “goldilocks zone.” These methods require a lot of attention and maintenance and lack efficiency. North Slope Chillers Wine Temperature Solutions
Wyeast laboratories lists fluid channel blankets as “the most effective and efficient method of temperature control.” North Slope Chillers’ Fluxwrap fluid channel blankets apply direct and even temperature control throughout the entire fermentation process. For larger wine operations, fermentation chillers are the ideal method for keeping fermentation chambers and storage barrels in their ideal range. Portable glycol chillers from North Slope Chillers are an efficient and economic way to protect your wines through fermentation, aging, and storage. Contact us to find the right wine temperature control solution for your needs:
Call (866) 826-2993 or email [email protected] | <urn:uuid:a3eb1883-2173-4747-8ec1-4c3eb1f8acf6> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://northslopechillers.com/blog/wine-temperatures-fermentation-and-storage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.905797 | 779 | 2.875 | 3 |
Our forefathers didn’t have to decide between pesticides-free, typical food, and seeds. This was simply because they never faced risks of genetically modified crops. Nowadays, we are faced with several choices that we need to pick. Basically, the seed forms part of our cultural heritage and their physical, genetic effects to broader extent sustainability of food and our upcoming generation. Ideally is it all about seeds, how they are grown or both? For example, when you purchase conventional seeds and organically grow them, will this mean that your harvest is still organic? As if this is not enough, what is the difference between organic, heirloom and conventional seed? Or can seeds be both organic and heirloom at the same time? Organic seeds are seeds that have gone through a natural certification process. Ideally, this means seeds coming from a parent plant already grown in an organic farm. People give other differing definitions over the same, and it all lies as per their perception. Note, planting organic seeds in organically certified soil and then spraying your garden with Roundup does not make your plant organic and natural. So how do we achieve organic harvest? Well, it’s simple:
Organic Seed + Organic Soil + No Spraying of any kind = Organic Harvest
Heirloom seeds are seeds originating from a plant that has gone through several generations and saved with care for their benefits. Some of the reasons can be a good flavor, diseases resistance, or exceptionally impressive. Heirloom seeds are mostly used on tomatoes. Such tomatoes are juicy, looking vibrant. This means they are perfectly round and gorgeous in looking. People have a tendency of associating nice looking tomatoes with either hybridization or genetic modification, but with Heirloom tomatoes seeds, the case is different. When you purchase heirloom seeds, they are no harm in saving seeds you harvest from your garden and planting them in the following years. Conventional seeds are a type of seeds you can buy anywhere. They are known to be quite cheap and are genetically modified or hybridized. Not all genetically modified or hybridization seeds are rarely wrong. Corn comes about after hybridization and is widely used over the world. So, what is hybridization? In supermarkets, you find tomatoes, apples, carrots and other fruit all in almost the same size and color. Ever asked yourself how such happens? It is all about hybridization. | <urn:uuid:14c1209f-73ca-4c3c-a031-b4c1b8e2a5fb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://organicfarmer.blog/2020/01/10/organic-heirloom-or-conventional-seeds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.962422 | 610 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Fruits and vegetables are hybridized to produce a uniform product than can sell in the market and has a longer shelf life. Have you ever heard of Red Delicious apples? If not organic these apples are large, watery but not as delicious. Surprisingly, most American go for them since the apples have large solid shape and bright red color. So red apple is explicitly hybridized for such purpose and not a delicacy. In conclusion, to keep quality nutrition, maintain flavor and as well create seed bank, go for heirloom or organic seeds. | <urn:uuid:14c1209f-73ca-4c3c-a031-b4c1b8e2a5fb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://organicfarmer.blog/2020/01/10/organic-heirloom-or-conventional-seeds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.962422 | 610 | 2.78125 | 3 |
As we begin 2015, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community has many reasons to celebrate and look forward to the future. LGBTQ Americans can marry the person they love in 36 states and counting, an incredible expansion of this right in just a few short years. Workplace protections for LGBTQ employees are more prevalent than ever before, with local governments across the country—including in Madison, Milwaukee, and Appleton—prohibiting employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. In addition, we saw President Obama expand these protections for federal contractors through executive action, and LGBTQ Americans have greater access than ever to affordable health insurance through the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. As our community marches forward and makes more progress, I want to take a moment to highlight an issue we must continue to tackle head-on: school safety and anti-bullying efforts. We know bullying and harassment of LGBTQ students and students perceived to be LGBTQ is both widespread and incredibly damaging. According to the Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network’s (GLSEN) 2013 National School Climate Survey, 74 percent of LGBT students have experienced verbal harassment due to sexual orientation and 55 percent due to their gender identity. Many of these students also face physical harassment and even physical assault because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Even LGBTQ students who do not directly encounter bullying report frequently hearing homophobic and transphobic remarks from peers. The detrimental effects of an unsafe school environment are severe; bullied students experience lower grade point averages, are less likely to go to college, and suffer lower self-esteem and psychological well-being. As our community makes progress on a number of issues, it is time to utilize the strength of the movement to protect LGBTQ youth. We must take bold, collaborative action to fight unsafe school environments; this is a national problem that demands a response. In Congress, I am proud to support an array of proposals to create a safe learning environment for all students. In the upcoming weeks, I will introduce the Tyler Clementi Higher Education Anti-Harassment Act, a bill requiring colleges and universities receiving federal funds to implement an anti-harassment policy prohibiting harassment based on sexual orientation or gender identity, among other criteria. | <urn:uuid:7f15596b-8947-4c32-afae-ac68f108db7c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://ourlivesmadison.com/article/protecting-our-youth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.952618 | 889 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The legislation is named after Tyler Clementi, a freshman at Rutgers University who ended his life after his roommate filmed and streamed footage of Tyler in his dormitory with another male. I will also continue to advocate for legislation like the Safe Schools Improvement Act, which requires school districts receiving funds under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) to implement codes of conduct targeting bullying and harassment, including on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. They offer legal protections for students at all levels of education, providing a vital resource for these students and sending a clear message that targeting LGBTQ youth is unacceptable. While we need student protections at the federal level, we also need action at the local level to change destructive behaviors and ensure the safety of LGBTQ youth. It is critical that we foster a culture of support for LGBTQ students both in classrooms and throughout communities. Supportive, LGBTQ-conscious faculty and student-run organizations like Gay Straight Alliances (GSA) are vital to providing a comfortable environment for all students. Organizations like GSAFE, which is based in Madison and works to promote and support GSAs, provide additional resources to help educators and students break down bullying culture. Schools also must be equipped with the resources to educate both faculty and students about issues surrounding sexual orientation and gender identity, including offering positive examples of LGBTQ people and history in the classroom. All of these efforts made at the local level in classrooms and hallways across America are how we will see concrete change and improvement for all students. From the halls of Congress to classrooms across Wisconsin, we must work together to ensure the safety and security of our students. We must demolish the culture of bullying and harassment affecting too many young people and instead foster an environment in schools that allows each student to reach his or her full potential. I look forward to continuing the fight to improve the lives of LGBT youth and I hope you will join me as we strive to make progress on this issue. Congressman Mark Pocan is the U.S. Representative for Wisconsin’s second district, which includes Dane, Green, Iowa, LaFayette, Sauk, and portions of Rock and Richland counties. | <urn:uuid:7f15596b-8947-4c32-afae-ac68f108db7c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://ourlivesmadison.com/article/protecting-our-youth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.952618 | 889 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Boreal countries are rich in forest resources, and for their area, they produce a disproportionally large share of the lumber, pulp, and paper bound for the global market. These countries have long-standing strong traditions in forestry education and institutions, as well as in timber-oriented forest management. However, global change, together with evolving societal values and demands, are challenging traditional forest management approaches. In particular, plantation-type management, where wood is harvested with short cutting cycles relative to the natural time span of stand development, has been criticized. Such management practices create landscapes composed of mosaics of young, even-aged, and structurally homogeneous stands, with scarcity of old trees and deadwood. In contrast, natural forest landscapes are characterized by the presence of old large trees, uneven-aged stand structures, abundant deadwood, and high overall structural diversity. The differences between managed and unmanaged forests result from the fundamental differences in the disturbance regimes of managed versus unmanaged forests. Declines in managed forest biodiversity and structural complexity, combined with rapidly changing climatic conditions, pose a risk to forest health, and hence, to the long-term maintenance of biodiversity and provisioning of important ecosystem goods and services. The application of ecosystem management in boreal forestry calls for a transition from plantation-type forestry toward more diversified management inspired by natural forest structure and dynamics. | <urn:uuid:685cd226-d5da-4939-86aa-7888116717c9> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://oxfordre.com/environmentalscience/browse?btog=chap&f_0=keyword&pageSize=20&sort=titlesort&subSite=environmentalscience&t_0=ORE_ESC%3AREFESC016&t_1=ORE_ESC%3AREFESC069 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.933716 | 274 | 3.15625 | 3 |
A lexical item is described as “playful” or “ludic” when it shows evidence of manipulation of the relation that inheres between its form (signifier) and its meaning (signified). The playful lexicon of any given language, therefore, is the sum total of its lexical items that show signs of such manipulation. Linguists have long recognized that the only necessary link between a word’s form and its meaning is the arbitrary social convention that binds them. However, nothing prevents speakers from creating additional, unnecessary and therefore essentially “playful” links, associating forms with meanings in a symbolic, hence non-arbitrary way. This semantic effect is most evident in the case of onomatopoeia, through which the phonetic form of words that designate sounds is designed to be conventionally imitative of the sound. A second group of playful words combines repeated sequences of sounds with meanings that are themselves suggestive of repetition or related concepts such as collectivity, continuity, or actions in sequence, as well as repeated, back-and-forth, or uncontrolled movements, or even, more abstractly, intensity and hesitation. The playfulness of truncated forms such as clips and blends is based on a still more abstract connection between forms and meanings. In the case of clipping, the truncation of the full form of a word triggers a corresponding connotative truncation or diminution of the meaning, that is, a suggestion that the referent is small—either endearingly, humorously, or contemptuously so. In blending, truncation is often accompanied by overlapping, which symbolically highlights the interrelatedness or juxtaposition of the constituents’ individual meanings. Prosodic templates do not constitute a separate category per se; instead, they may play a part in the formation or alteration of words in any of the other categories discussed here. | <urn:uuid:f2d8c10f-ccde-4867-ac8b-716551e4d7e6> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/search?f_0=keyword&pageSize=20&q_0=lexicon&sort=relevance&subSite=linguistics&t=ORE_LIN%3AREFLIN008 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.959598 | 387 | 3.078125 | 3 |
It’s the day to celebrate
It’s the day to think
For all that the world have done
To the charming colour pink
They blocked off her way
They chased her that day
They stormed all her life
Her blurred eyes did say
They found her so helpless
They made her to cry
They turned her life to hell
And forced her to die
But let me say a word
A word full of hope
She made her way out
And learned how to cope
A woman, a mother, a wife
With patience she strives
Caring, bearing and working
Still struggling with life
Typed and Edited by:
Kogwuonye Patrick Onyeka
University of Benin
March 8 is International Women’s Day every year. The day has been observed since the early 1900s. It was 1908, more than 100 years ago, that women finally stood up and demanded better working conditions and the right to vote. We think of the 60s as the decade of feminism, but the first feminists were grandmothers by then. International Women’s Day can be traced back to the women’s suffrage movement starting in the 19th century. Over many decades, women achieved tremendous progress in many areas of life. The purpose of International Women’s Day is to;
1. bring attention to the social, political, economic, and cultural issues that women face
2. advocate for the advance of women within all those areas. (social, political, economic, and cultural)
As the organizers of the celebration state, “Through purposeful collaboration, we can help women advance and unleash the limitless potential offered to economies the world over.”
The day is often also used to recognize women who’ve made significant contributions to the advancement of their gender. Insightful Quotes About Womenhood
My question for my fellow bloggers/viewers/readers:
1. What’s your opinion and contributions on this post/poem? 2. What are the things your mother have done that are worthy of appreciation? 3.What are your advice to young women/mothers in the outside world? Please let me know all your reactions, views and insights in the comment box below! Credited to : MY MOTHER AND MY SISTER
MRS KOGWUONYE RITA NGOZI
SISTER KOGWUONYE HENRIETTA OGOR | <urn:uuid:849cc09d-802b-4dab-9281-129a292816e3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://patrickrealstories.wordpress.com/2019/03/08/poem-march-8/?like_comment=5384&_wpnonce=40163474c2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.947681 | 516 | 2.734375 | 3 |
I have a tract of Forest land in the mountains, that I intend to make into an efficient garden space. The one difficult part (aside from the terrain), is the amount of shade. I would classify my land as dappled. This is a high amount of shade. I will be cutting down many trees on my property to build with, but I do not want to clear cut my land, simply so that I can get more sunlight. I enjoy having a forest floor that is shaded by a canopy. After all, the shading is not complete. To envision this land, think of the typical Appalachian mountain forest. This describes me perfectly. As for the terrain, I have several well thought out plans on how to deal with this. For the shade, I have decided to embrace it, and think of it as beneficial. In my research toward efficiency for this farm, I found myself surprised at the species of plants and vegetables that were reported to grow well in the shade. I decided that it was best to compile the information that I found, and I authored a topic about it here on permies. https://permies.com/t/71394/Shade-Tolerant-Edible-Cooperative-Community Research is great, but I understand that personal experience trumps someone else's knowledge. This year, I am lucky enough to be able to experiment with the theory that a shade food garden can create an efficient growing system. Shade has now become my ally, and I have the end goal of creating a farm that boasts that it's crops are grown in the shade. The plan is to specialize in plants that exhibit the red color denoting antioxidants. There are several studies pointing to the the claim that shade will help the antioxidants, as there is less radiation and heat on those vital compounds. I also imagine that many crops will have a different (and possibly more desirable) taste when grown in the shade. This is the foundation of my desire for my land. As a farm, my land is in it's infancy. There is not a single structure on it. I have a detailed development plan drawn up, that includes things such as keyline irrigation, and hugelkultur. Since I do not have a keyline plow, I will construct small swales in parallel to the keyline, so that they can act in the same fashion. | <urn:uuid:3c17059b-86b4-409e-838f-5dc4b405b99a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://permies.com/t/84295/Permaculture-Shade-Grown-Forest-Garden | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.964271 | 2,680 | 2.515625 | 3 |
I also plan to incorporate the plethora of dead tree material into hugel kultur beds. These will likely not get planted this year, but this year is for experimentation anyways. I found some super cheap shade wildflower boxed seeds at dollar tree. They were marked 3 bucks each, so I thought that one dollar was a good value (at least to experiment for my first year). The box said that it contained at least 5,000 seeds, but they weren't apparent when I looked. The majority of the box seems to be dried up dead earthworms, so I thought that was a clever planting substance. Then, I remembered Sepp Holzer's way of planting his terraces. I had no less than 70 of the normal seed packets of vegetables, herbs, and a few wildflowers. Into a single box of shade wildflowers, I dumped each and every packet of seed that I had. Initially, I held out the Beans, Peppers, Corn, Lettuces, and a few other vegetables. I then realized that I would be losing out on the opportunity of experimenting how those select crops do in the shade. So, everything went into the same bag. Aside from large seeds (Pumpkin, Bean, Squash, Sunflower), I couldn't notice many of the other seeds. This gave me a little more faith that there was indeed a mixture of wildflowers in with the dead worms. My plan is to prepare a variety of planting areas, by pulling the duff away, roughing up the top inch of the soil, and broadcasting a variety of seed along the swales that I create. I then will give it a very light covering of topsoil that is taken from an area that I am not planting. I may also experiment with covering it just with the duff of another area. This is my year to try different things. What type of experiment would you like to see ran? I plan on testing out the majority of the plants listed in my shade edible topic. I can't wait to append it with my notes of what worked for me in my 7b region. scott porteous wrote:cool project wonder if some plants taste alot better in the shade too. Indeed, I can't wait to see the difference of taste .... but there are several other factors that I will be looking at. | <urn:uuid:3c17059b-86b4-409e-838f-5dc4b405b99a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://permies.com/t/84295/Permaculture-Shade-Grown-Forest-Garden | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.964271 | 2,680 | 2.515625 | 3 |
I talked about them possibly being healthier, but I also think it will be easier upkeep. I hope that less weeds grow in the shade, and that there is less need for watering because of less evaporation. I am using super cheap bargain brand seeds, as I bought them all from dollar tree. However, this go around has only cost me 20 dollars in seeds. This should at least give me a good idea of where things grow or not, but I do not expect a super high germination rate. Growing tactics such as keyline and hugulkultur both reduce the frequency of irrigation needed to grow, so I see this as a natural fit for shade growing. I understand that some varieties of vegetables will not flourish in the shade, but I am excited to see the results. Usually shade is the leftover plantings, but I want to make mine a priority. Oooo, fun! A season of experimentation without a dependence on the outcome. I look forward to your updates. As to weeds, you may want to look into chickweed for future ground cover in the shade. I think it was all the way into mid June in Petit Jean State Park, AR that I saw lush, yummy chickweed in the understory. (Apparently they are in7b) I've attributed it's lushness to all that shade. Here in 7a land, without shade, chickweed is already on it's way out, bolting. I will definitely look into chickweed. I am going to be planting a ton of strawberry, as well as I believe there's lots of berry brambles already on the property. Yep, there's no outcome needed this year, which is one reason I am looking forward to it. I feel that too many people put stress on things that they must have, rather than finding out how things work. Best of luck! I struggle with the shade a lot living in a conifer forest, but I'm starting to figure out how to work with it well. One thing I haven't seen you mention is fencing — what's your plan there? Last year I learned that shade tolerant greens might as well be shorthand for bunny food. I didn't manage a single harvest of non-head lettuce or spinach. The rabbits would let them get to about 1" high and mow them down. I do not have any fencing plans. | <urn:uuid:3c17059b-86b4-409e-838f-5dc4b405b99a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://permies.com/t/84295/Permaculture-Shade-Grown-Forest-Garden | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.964271 | 2,680 | 2.515625 | 3 |
I will eventually need some for the livestock that I intend to keep on my land, but fencing my veggies would make quite a tough job for sure. Perhaps if I find some tomato cylinders, I would use those, but I plan to simply see how they work out. Maybe they will be good attractant for me to kill some rabbits for food. We will see. I'm okay for donating some food to wildlife, and I would simply plant more than they could eat if they grow adequately in the shade. Joylynn Hardesty wrote:Oooo, fun! A season of experimentation without a dependence on the outcome. One of my favorite aspects of this way of experimentation, is how little thinking and planning that I need to put into the plantings themselves. Sure, I have some elaborate plans on how I am going to plant, but I have not tried to decide where I will plant. This method of broadcasting all types of flowers and vegetables will allow me to test different locations and situations without having to plan each and every one individually. I will get to see how a variety of plants grow all over my property. Granted, I don't have enough seed to test my whole property, but I can choose some test locations like North Slopes, South Slopes, Creek beds, and Gullies. If I just tried planting one type of crop in one location, I think it would be less successful. Sepp Holzer said something about letting the seeds decide which work for which situation. He does have a more narrow selection of seeds, but I feel this method of testing is the best. Location: Transylvania County, Western North Carolina zone: 7B
posted 2 years ago
Sounds fun! I moved to a small mountain town in Zone 7B about a year ago and look forward to benefiting from your experiments :)
In the dappled areas we have done well by creating mounds (hugelkultur or otherwise) that face the sun.... and creative trellising. We get so much rain (with clay soil) here that we have benefited from installing small raised beds with repurposed materials or making mini swales and the hugelkultur things. Those slugs are no joke, I am finding out. It seems like the shade creates the perfect environment for them to thrive on tender annuals. | <urn:uuid:3c17059b-86b4-409e-838f-5dc4b405b99a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://permies.com/t/84295/Permaculture-Shade-Grown-Forest-Garden | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.964271 | 2,680 | 2.515625 | 3 |
I know this is an older post, but I'm so curious about the results of your experiment! I have a shaded/dappled lot in 7b, plan to experiment with growing chicken forage in combination with movable coop. This will be my first full growing season here, but last summer I had some interesting results with container gardens I moved onto this property. Container grown arugula when placed in shade grew big leaves and never flowered... good for eating, not for seed-saving Container garlic chives are up this year with big succulent leaves, big difference from past years when they got ~4 hours direct sun/day. A local organic farmer I've worked for has so much expensive shade cloth to protect leaf crops planted in full sun in the summer... I'll just use the trees, and figure out where the sunbeams move during the days and seasons...
I’m also in zone 7b and struggling with slugs, excess moisture (rain, rain, rain! ), and mild temperatures. This will be my second full growing season with real gardens and I’ve been able to complete a few experiments, and grow some things successfully despite the constraints. Looks like I’m finally going to commit to staying here, so I’m looking to expand our production with new experiments over the coming years. We do get a good amount of forageable items around here (So many mushrooms), and there is salmon and halibut and cod to be caught right across the road from my property, and so many berries to collect throughout summer and fall (crow, salmon, salal, blueberry, huckleberry, thimble, Wild strawberry, lingonberry). We do alright in that regard, and enjoy making fermented beverages and baking with this surplus through the rest of the year. | <urn:uuid:3c17059b-86b4-409e-838f-5dc4b405b99a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://permies.com/t/84295/Permaculture-Shade-Grown-Forest-Garden | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.964271 | 2,680 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Plecostromus is a type of catfish that has become very popular for those who keep fish. They do require a good amount of care, which means that beginners should think twice before getting any. There is a lot to learn about these fish, and it’s crucial that you get the facts before making a decision. These “armored catfish” have mouths that are engineered for eating up algae, which is one of the reasons why so many people keep them as pets. They can grow up to 24 inches long in the wild, or about 15 inches in captivity. The elongated body and lack of bone plates are two characteristics of Plecostromus. They also have a grey body with brown spots, which makes for a fairly interesting overall look. These fish are also known for their beady eyes, which is in stark contrast to their massive body. It is not uncommon for these fish to live up to 15 years in captivity, but only if they are properly taken care of on a daily basis. You will need to consider the fact that these catfish are nocturnal, so you won’t see them a lot during daylight hours. They spend much of their time hiding away in caves, behind rocks and in vegetation. When these fish do swim around, they spend most of their time at the bottom of the tank. Plecostromus are naturally found in brackish water in the rivers of Costa Rica and South America. Plecostomus Care Guide
1. Tank Setup
Fully matured Plecostromus fish require a tank that has a minimum 150-gallon capacity. This is due to their sheer size, which is considerable. There are some sub-species of Plecostromus that can be kept in smaller tanks. For example, the Zebra variety can be kept in a 30-gallon tank, while the Sailfin needs a tank that is at least 125 gallons. It is important to consider the type of fish before you go shopping for a new aquarium. If your fish doesn’t have enough space to swim around, it will not do well at all. A strong current is required for this fish’s tank, which means that you’ll want to get a powerful filter that has a solid overall design. It is imperative that you keep the water flowing cleanly and consistently. This will keep your fish healthy and comfortable so they live as long as possible. 2. | <urn:uuid:f8ae5832-109a-4d6c-bacf-9b725efee0df> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://petsoid.com/plecostromus-care-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.962374 | 1,379 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Water Conditions
You need to make a point of keeping the temperature in your fish’s water between 72 and 86 degrees Fahrenheit. It must also have a pH level of 6.5 to 7.5 at all times. 3. Plecostomus Tank Mates
Some of the best tank mates for these fish include Gouramies, Tetras and Cichlids. You should not keep them with any angelfish or Discus, as they will most likely act too aggressively. Once Plecostromus has fully matured, it should have its own tank. It is generally not a good idea to keep fully grown adults with any other fish. 4. Plecostomus Food
It is crucial that you consider the precise species of Plecostromus that you have selected so you know what to feed it. These fish generally eat a lot of algae as well as vegetables. You can also give them some live food, including brine shrimp and Bloodworms. Some of the best vegetables to give these fish include shelled peas, zucchini and lettuce. This will help to balance out their diet so all of their nutritional requirements are met. They also love insect larvae and various crustaceans. One of the other really important things about this fish’s diet is fiber. This is why it’s so crucial that you give them veggies once in a while. A fiber deficiency can have a seriously negative overall impact on your fish’s health. Common Health Problems
Ich and Cloudy Eye are two of the most common health problems that Plecostromus are known for developing. If you notice signs of either illness, you’ll need to make a point of improving the overall quality of their water. Any fish that have Ich should be put in their own tank for quarantine purposes. It is imperative that you treat them before putting them back with the other fish in the main tank. You can get a medicated solution that takes approximately three weeks to clear up this particular condition. There isn’t a whole lot of information when it comes to breeding Plecostromus, so it can be quite a challenge. These fish lay many eggs and once and tend to spawn in caves. The male watches closely over the eggs until the point of hatching. If you are going to attempt to breed these fish, you’ll want to make sure that there are plenty of caves, rocks and other places that provide shade and cover. | <urn:uuid:f8ae5832-109a-4d6c-bacf-9b725efee0df> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://petsoid.com/plecostromus-care-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.962374 | 1,379 | 2.609375 | 3 |
This is largely a matter of luck, so you shouldn’t go in with high expectations. You will need a very large tank as well, which can get expensive. This is not easy to do, but it’s also not impossible by any means. - Plecostromus is a type of catfish with over 100 different sub-species. - These fish are known for being fairly peaceful and docile overall. - The size of the tank you will need depends on the species of the fish. Many of these fish require a tank that is at least 125 gallons. - Keep the water of the tank between 72 and 86 degrees at all times. - Cichlids and Gouramies make for good tank mates for this fish. - You should not put in any Angelfish with these fish, as it can spark aggressive behavior rather easily. - Vegetables and algae make up a large part of most of the Plecostromus’ diet. - You can also give these fish insect larvae and crustaceans once in a while. - Ich and Cloudy Eye are two common health problems associated with Plecostromus. - If you notice any signs of either disease, you should quarantine the sick fish until they have been treated. Welcome to my blog. My name is Anna Liutko and I´m a certified cynologist (KAU, ACW). Handler, blue cross volunteer, owner of Chinese crested kennel “Salvador Dali” and breedless friend called Fenya. “I can’t imagine my life without dogs and however I have 2 hairless dogs I totally support the idea #AdoptDontShop”. | <urn:uuid:f8ae5832-109a-4d6c-bacf-9b725efee0df> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://petsoid.com/plecostromus-care-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.962374 | 1,379 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Disabled Teens Suffering the Mental Health Effects of Bullying
14 August 2018 at 8:27 am
It is a sad reflection on our current school system that children and adolescents with a disability experience such poor treatment from their peers, writes Tania King and Anne Kavanagh from the University of Melbourne, in this article which first appeared in The Conversation. Almost half of the poorer mental health we see in teenagers with a disability is due to bullying, our new research shows. If we could stop the high levels of bullying that adolescents with a disability experience, we could make a big difference to their health, learning and wellbeing. So school anti-bullying programs need to acknowledge the link between having a disability, being bullied and poorer mental health. Adolescents with a disability are more likely to have poor mental health than other adolescents. But for a long time, it’s been unclear why. Could it be related to adverse experiences such as bullying? We know that adolescence is a difficult time for many young people, and they are highly sensitive to their social and cultural environment. Their health and wellbeing are also tied to the social circumstances in which they grow up. For the estimated 9 per cent of Australian adolescents with a disability, this period can be particularly stressful. What is bullying? Bullying is a common and harmful experience of childhood and adolescence. Bullying can be physical (pushing, hitting), verbal (such as teasing and name-calling), or relational (excluding and spreading rumours). Cyber-bullying is also a type of bullying. There is clear evidence that being a victim of bullying in adolescence is associated with poor mental health. Internationally, about one-third of children and adolescents report that they have been bullied, and between 10–14 per cent report that this occurred repeatedly over a period of months. Internationally, population-based studies have shown adolescents with a disability are up to two times as likely to be bullied compared with other adolescents. The same is true in Australia. Our research has shown that children with a disability and from disadvantaged families are more commonly bullied. What we did
We already know that disability is associated with poor mental health, bullying is associated with poor mental health, and disability is associated with more experiences of bullying. | <urn:uuid:ab9b9d48-350c-49fd-865b-c1ab1f04866d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2018/08/disabled-teens-suffering-mental-health-effects-bullying/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970039 | 1,278 | 3.25 | 3 |
So we wanted to estimate how much of the poor mental health seen in adolescents with a disability is due to the fact that they are more likely to be bullied. Knowing this, we wanted to work out how much we could improve the mental health of adolescents with a disability by preventing their experiences of bullying. We used data from a cohort of 3,500 adolescents from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, where information is collected on disability, bullying and mental health. Because the study is longitudinal, we could measure disability, bullying and mental health at different time points. We used a new method called causal mediation analysis to look at the data. This allowed us to separate the “total effect” of having a disability on mental health into two parts. First, we estimated the effect that is due to bullying (the mediated effect) and second, we measured the effect of disability on mental health that is not due to bullying. Parents reported their children’s disability at 12-13 years old. Disability included a range of different conditions such as “difficulty learning”, and “speech problems” that had lasted for at least six months. Parents and adolescents were asked about bullying when the adolescents were 14-15 years old. Parents, teachers and adolescents also reported on the mental health of adolescents at this age. What did we find? Our results showed that bullying mediates (or explains) 46 per cent of the total effect of disability on mental health. In other words, almost half of the poorer mental health that we see in adolescents with a disability is due to bullying. We don’t know what the other 54 per cent is related to. But it could be due to other stresses associated with having a disability, such as schools and the community not providing enough support or assistance, dealing with health problems, or the disadvantaged circumstances in which adolescents with a disability sometimes live. There may be other factors that could explain the results. For example, some adolescents might be more likely to report both bullying and mental health problems because of certain personality characteristics. It is also true that because the data on disability, bullying and mental health are self-reported, rather than objectively measured, they may not be accurate. However, as information came from parents, adolescents and teachers, rather than one source, we could test our results using different combinations of respondents. | <urn:uuid:ab9b9d48-350c-49fd-865b-c1ab1f04866d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2018/08/disabled-teens-suffering-mental-health-effects-bullying/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970039 | 1,278 | 3.25 | 3 |
We found similar results across these, and this gave us confidence in our findings. What does all this mean? Our results show that the poor mental health of adolescents with a disability is not inevitable. If we could stop the high levels of bullying that adolescents with a disability experience, we could make a big difference to their health. Anti-bullying programs need to address disability too
Anti-bullying programs have rightly focused on groups vulnerable to bullying such as Indigenous and ethnic minorities, as well as LGBTI+ adolescents – but they should also focus on children and adolescents with a disability. Interventions that reduce bullying of adolescents with a disability would reduce the inequalities in mental health associated with disability. Interventions should take a whole-school approach, including teacher training, promoting an inclusive school culture through clearly defined rules, individual counselling and policies, and plans for conflict-resolution. It is a sad reflection on our current school system that children and adolescents with a disability experience such poor treatment from their peers. If we are serious about increasing participation and improving outcomes for adolescents with a disability in mainstream education, we need to act now to prevent their experiences of bullying. About the authors: Tania King is a research fellow at the University of Melbourne. Her work broadly examines the social and structural determinants of health, with a particular interest in social and health inequalities. Professor Anne Kavanagh is chair of Disability and Health at the University of Melbourne. She is academic director of the Melbourne Disability Institute and principal investigator on the NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Disability and Health. | <urn:uuid:ab9b9d48-350c-49fd-865b-c1ab1f04866d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2018/08/disabled-teens-suffering-mental-health-effects-bullying/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970039 | 1,278 | 3.25 | 3 |
He that wasteth his father, and chaseth away his mother, is a son that causeth shame, and bringeth reproach. Children who mistreat their father or chase away their mother are an embarrassment and a public disgrace. (NLT)
This teaching is so basic that it featured in the Ten Commandments. There is only one problem. What if the son who mistreats his father or chases away his mother, is only following an example set through poor parenting? Bad parenting has devastating effects when it carries down through the generations. Biblical examples of bad parents include a whole range of kings and queens. Even King David set a bad example at times. I wonder what Solomon thought of the way in which David came to marry his mother? Did this cause Solomon to be equally blind when it came to the matter of matrimony? Yes! The Bible records that Solomon had 700 wives and 300 concubines. Some of these relationships led to Solomon turning a blind eye to idolatry, and then building shrines to false gods. 1 Kings 11 records that God was very angry with Solomon because of the condition of his heart. After Solomon died the kingdom was divided, and Solomon’s son demonstrated none of the wisdom of his father. What About Us? It is easy to judge parents because of their children. We probably do it several times a week at the very least. When we see badly behaved children in a shopping mall, for instance, it is easy to assume that the children are merely following a poor example provided by their parents. But what about us? It is not just our children who are watching us. If we claim faith in Jesus Christ, then the world is watching us. When followers of Jesus fall from grace and set a bad example to the world, it could be said that as children of God they have behaved in the manner described in this proverb. How we behave in our daily lives paints a picture of God our Father to a watching world. What sort of picture are you painting? | <urn:uuid:7189da5d-ebb7-4c01-9a59-b423ef5f29dd> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://proverbialthought.com/2020/04/23/difficult-children-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.977357 | 416 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The HIV-infected population has been understudied and underserved with respect to risk reduction and prevention interventions. Increases in high-risk sex practices and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have prompted considerable concern and have led to initiatives to implement routine STD screening and risk reduction counseling among the HIV-infected population. Available evidence indicates that risk reduction counseling can be effective. Improved attention to risk reduction counseling in the HIV medical care setting in needed, and efforts to improve access and maintain linkage to care must be increased. This article summarizes a presentation given by Carlos del Rio, MD, at the March 2003 International AIDS Society-USA course in Atlanta. | <urn:uuid:661eb7aa-bf56-4239-85f0-35b3bc0bced7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12876332/?dopt=Abstract | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.943918 | 130 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Q & A Worksheet
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Date Shared: 18 March 2013
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What percentage of Americans believe in God? 91% What percentage of Americans believe that God created human beings in our present form, or guided by an evolutionary process that led to our present form? 78% Who said "A fair result can be obtained only by fully stating and balancing the facts and arguments on both sides of each question"? Charles Darwin, Introduction to The Origin of the Species What is Darwinism? Unguided process produces new forms of life through random mutations (nothing + time/chance = everything) What is Intelligent Design? Certain features of the universe and living things are best explained by an intelligent cause. It's a theory based on modern science. Should scientists, teachers, and students have the right to debate the evidence for and against Darwinian evolution? Why? Should they have the right to debate the evidence for and against Intelligent Design? Answers will vary Should a scientist or teacher lose his job for presenting scientific evidence critical of Darwin's theory? Answers will vary Is Intelligent Design science? Why or why not? It's theory is based on modern science Which is better supported by the scientific evidence--Darwin's theory or Intelligent Design? Intelligent Design In your view, what is the strongest evidence for or against Intelligent Design? Answers will vary How does the information encoded in the DNA point to intelligent design? The most likely explanation is that the DNA also had an intelligent source Someone says to you, "What's the big deal? I believe in evolution, and I believe in God. Evolution is just God's method of creation." How would you respond? Answers will vary
18 March 2013
Please log in to post a comment. To claim that this member-shared worksheet infringes upon your copyright please read these instructions on submitting a takedown request. | <urn:uuid:4f1e676a-d155-4209-b246-3ee5cfcbff56> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://quickworksheets.net/shared-worksheets/summary/q-a/expelled-worksheet/31288 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.934176 | 387 | 2.734375 | 3 |
In modern politics those who have a lot of money are labeled as wealthy. Countries with a strong currency or a lot of gold are labeled as wealthy. But this gives people a false sense of reality. People need to put wealth in perspective before trying to understand to what extent someone is wealthy. A prime example is Hetty Green, millionaire and miser:
Hetty Green made a fortune young. She inherited a few million dollars and gained the majority of her money through smart investments. By the time of her death she had amassed over 120 million (2.4 billion in 2012 dollars). Although a millionaire, Hetty spent her time cutting coupons and only wore old tattered clothing. She lived in a small house with worn furnishings. She didn’t pay for heat or hot water. Hetty spent countless hours in court fighting suits that she always lost. Hetty was so stingy she literally left her son’s leg go untreated rather than pay for medical expenses to fix it (some claim she procrastinated and tried home remedies). This resulted in amputation. There we have it, the life of the richest woman in the world. While money might be able to buy people things that make them wealthy, money is not wealth in and of itself. More importantly than having money is having the things that money can buy. When America sends dollars to China, America gets actual products in return. Who then is richer, those getting pieces of paper or those getting supplies that people wish to use to enhance their own lives? Likewise, rich people like Bill Gates might be 700 times richer than the average American, but he is not 700 times wealthier than the average American. Bill Gates does not travel in a car 700 nicer and 700 times faster than the average American. He does not wear clothes that are 700 times better made. His bed at home is not 700 times better than the average American’s. His house is definitely not 700 times as big or 700 times as hospitable. Wealth relates to human experience. Keeping all this in mind, the average American, though having the net wealth 1/700th of that of Bill Gates, lives very close to his standard of living. We live in a world of amazing wealth. | <urn:uuid:c4cd3268-4915-452f-b5bf-136f52c2e062> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://realityisnotoptional.com/2013/05/06/hetty-green-why-money-does-not-mean-wealth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.971093 | 459 | 2.8125 | 3 |
There is a saying that the road to hell is paved with good intentions. Behaviour and nature trumps intentions. Commitment and good intentions are not enough
Procrastination is the biggest problem to getting things done. We all think our willpower is stronger than it really is. Our biology and brains are wired to the present and pleasure and in the absence of habits and systems to overcome our natural tendencies, we will be victims to our own nature. Knowing what is good for us is not the same as doing it. Giving yourself short deadlines work and is the basis of practises such as Design Sprints. Getting it done also creates rewards in your dopamine receptors and creates a positive cycle. What can you do to overcome these. Answer is use behaviour science, these “strategies” from Dan Ariely will give you some help | <urn:uuid:b1d73b2e-fa7a-41c9-9001-55a34337186b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://reeinvent.me/blog/behaviour-economics/the-most-important-lesson-in-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.952841 | 179 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Just Sleep On It: How Sleep Can Help You Work Through Difficult Problems
Ever had a conundrum that seemed to magically worked itself out after a good night of sleep? Or a 3am "Eureka!" moment? Turns out that there’s solid scientific evidence behind that old piece of advice: when in doubt, just sleep on it. Sleep is crucial for learning and memory. In particular, the process of consolidating information, or making it stable and accessible, seems to occur primarily during sleep. When you’re resting, your brain organizes what you’ve learned that day—almost like sorting through a messy filing cabinet. Imagine that ideas in your brain are connected in a network. For instance, "apple" may immediately call to mind "red," because those ideas are closely associated in your concept network. These relationships are one avenue researchers use to test creative problem solving. In remote-associate tests (RATS), they’ll provide three words that are supposed to call to mind a fourth related word. The words night, wrist, and stop, for example, are associated with "time." To come up with solutions for RATs, your mind sifts through related concepts. One theory about how this works is "spreading activation." Essentially, when you’re presented with a set of words, related ideas in your mental network become "activated" until you reach the solution. Researchers had participants attempt a series of RATs of varying difficulty. Then, they were separated into three groups before reattempting unsolved problems: sleep, wake, or no delay. The results? Participants who slept through the night before trying difficult problems again solved more than the other groups. The researchers suspected that when you’re asleep, more weakly associated concepts in your mental network become accessible. If this works with word association tests, it stands to reason that more complex problems can be solved the same way. That tricky issue you can’t seem to work out may be stumping you because you’re stuck in the shallow levels of your associative network. According to this research, sleeping may broaden the horizons of your thought. The next day, the solution may come to you when you’re not even thinking about it. The best sleep comes from a sleep on the best mattress. The best mattress is one that aligns your spine, allows you to achieve optimal sleep. | <urn:uuid:7610f8f0-e069-4d61-b4d5-59497472b76a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://regalsleep.com.au/blogs/sleep-centre/just-sleep-on-it-how-sleep-can-help-you-work-through-difficult-problems | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.951537 | 580 | 2.78125 | 3 |
If you're not sleeping through the night, or waking up feeling refreshed, it might not be just your over active mind it might be that you need a better mattress. Our qualified sleep consultants in all of our stores offer a free VIP Mattress Fitting service to help you find your perfect sleep. Book a VIP Fitting today and we'll also give you two free pillows with any mattress purchase | <urn:uuid:7610f8f0-e069-4d61-b4d5-59497472b76a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://regalsleep.com.au/blogs/sleep-centre/just-sleep-on-it-how-sleep-can-help-you-work-through-difficult-problems | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.951537 | 580 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The bowl presented in this video is made using mezza-stampatura. It is gilded and enameled, and it has a folded edge. Enamels consist of intensely colored glass (or colorless glass that has been mixed with a metallic oxide) that has been finely ground and mixed with a liquid medium to facilitate painting. After its application to a cooled object, the decoration is fired at a high temperature for permanence. Gold is usually applied in the form of leaf or slightly thicker foil; the gold and enamels are fired together. The shape of the finished bowl will be very different from that of the blank. The dotted line shows the shape of the blank. The glassblowing begins with gathering glass on the end of the metal blowpipe. This is done in two stages. It’s begun with a small gather, and after cooling, a larger gather is made. The block, a wood tool soaked in water, is used to make the glass perfectly round and concentric with the blowpipe. Air is blown in, and the bubble forms. Blowing continues as the block is gently touched to the bottom of the bubble. The goal is to create an oblate spheroid. Eventually this bubble will be separated from the blowpipe, and it’s done so at this neck or constriction that’s being created. This bubble must be exactly the size and shape of the inside of the 40-ribbed mold. A mass of glass is lowered into the mold, cut free of its gathering rod, and the bubble, hot but stiff, is pressed onto the mass of glass. After reheating, the upper threshold of the overlay is straightened; the bubble is gently rubbed with the cool metal jacks while blowing continues. This increases the diameter of the oblate spheroid. A gather of glass is added to the base. The bottom is flattened, and a kick is created. The site where the punty will be attached is cooled. The vessel is transferred to the punty. The neck is broken by squeezing it with the cool pincers, tapping the blowpipe. The opening is now ready for reheating. After the glass softens, the jacks are used, and the soffietta is used to create the final shape. A small amount of blue glass is added in the form of a thin trail. The soffietta is used to inflate the shoulder. | <urn:uuid:ce7b8e79-65c2-4a86-9f01-fb11485e9d29> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://renvenetian.cmog.org/object/enameled-bowl | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.948444 | 898 | 3.265625 | 3 |
This bowl has a folded edge, and it’s an external or outer fold. This is done by making an acute flare and then pushing the edge onto the shoulder of the bowl. The glass is thin and has to be reheated frequently. The jacks are used to give the blank its final shape. The blank is broken free of the blowpipe and placed in the annealing oven for slow cooling. The decoration process begins with making a mixture of gum arabic and water, and this will be used as an adhesive to attach the gold foil. The gold is gently pressed onto the slightly tacky adhesive, the backing peeled away. The borders are trimmed. Decorative grooves are cut into the gold leaf. A toothlike (or denticulate) pattern is carved into the gold, and the enameling process begins. Intensively colored glass is pulverized finely in a mortar and pestle and then mixed with a little bit of gum arabic and water. The viscous mixture can then be painted onto the vessel. The firing process begins with the dried blank being placed in an annealing oven and gradually heated to a temperature of about 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. A punty is reattached to the base. The vessel is reintroduced to the glass furnace. Eventually the vessel begins to soften. Tools are used to expand the diameter of the vessel. The glass is rather thin, cools quickly, and must be reheated frequently. The decorated blank—the finished object—is yet again placed in the annealing oven and broken free of the punty. After cooling, it can be seen that where the glass changed size the most, the dots stretched. The inside surface is slightly irregular—the dots heat faster than the clear glass and soften quicker. There’s a double punty mark: the first from the making of the blank, the second from the firing of the decoration. See all: Objects and Techniques | <urn:uuid:ce7b8e79-65c2-4a86-9f01-fb11485e9d29> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://renvenetian.cmog.org/object/enameled-bowl | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.948444 | 898 | 3.265625 | 3 |
The sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758) is a relatively small sturgeon widely distributed in Eurasian rivers from the Danube to the Yenisei. During the twentieth century, all wild sterlet populations have declined due to anthropogenic factors including: overfishing, poaching, construction of dams, and pollution. Despite the necessity of characterization both wild and captive stocks, few studies of population genetics have been performed thus far. Here we studied the genetic diversity and geographic structure of sterlet populations across the eastern range – Ob-Irtysh and Yenisei basins – by sequencing a 628-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA control region. We identified 98 new haplotypes, delineated 12 haplogroups and estimated the time of basal haplogroup divergence within the species as over 8 million years ago. Our data suggest that Ob-Irtysh and Yenisei populations are isolated from each other and much lower genetic diversity is present in the Yenisei population than in the Ob-Irtysh population. Our data imply that sterlet populations in Siberian rivers underwent bottleneck or fragmentation, followed by subsequent population expansion. The data obtained here are important for sterlet population monitoring and restocking management. |Журнал||Mitochondrial DNA Part A: DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis|
|Состояние||Опубликовано - 2 янв 2019| | <urn:uuid:92d4cb79-64ec-490b-b44b-5c77d2c445ff> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://research.nsu.ru/ru/publications/population-genetic-structure-and-phylogeography-of-sterlet-acipen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.79792 | 314 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Office skyscraper Reflection in the sunlight. New York City
Primer for Space Cooling
Why and How to Transition to Sustainable Cooling Solutions
Access to space cooling is a critical development need and an issue of equity in a warming world. A significant portion of the population today lives with dramatically lower access to cooling in relation to their need. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that at 1.5°C of warming, 2.3 billion people could be both exposed and vulnerable to heat wave events—a threshold that could be reached as early as 2030. There is mounting evidence that this huge unmet need for cooling—dominant in developing countries in the tropics—impacts the health, education, productivity, and economic development of a nation, thus, underscoring that cooling is essential to achieving many of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. In response to the unmet and growing need for thermal comfort in the hot regions of the world, the global energy use for space cooling is projected to jump from 2,020 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2016 to 6,200 TWh in 2050—an astounding 300 percent increase. This growth must be addressed with carefully designed strategies and solutions to avoid severe economic, power system, and environmental impacts. Against this backdrop, the World Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) and Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) published the Primer for Space Cooling. The Primer highlights sustainable cooling solutions that can provide greater access to cooling while avoiding the considerable and disruptive impacts on energy systems and the accompanying greenhouse gas emissions that would result from business-as-usual growth in cooling. The Opportunity Cost of Today’s Space Cooling Practices is Immense
Technologies and strategies exist that can deliver today’s space-cooling needs with less than half the energy use, avoiding nearly 500 GW of generation capacity, while delivering a lower life-cycle cost to users and consumers—however these remain largely unexploited. A high-level analysis by RMI highlights that if we had switched to commercially available high-efficiency technology and made building envelope improvements achievable today, using technologies and improvements with proven lower life-cycle costs:
- The energy required to deliver today’s space cooling could have been reduced by about 58 percent (or 1,177 terawatt hours), cutting the current total indirect emissions (1,135 million tons CO2) from space cooling operation in
- Consumers could have saved substantially in life-cycle costs—with a potential reduction of 50 percent or even more in some markets. | <urn:uuid:cffe6d90-a59f-48f3-838f-d40500837f1b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://rmi.org/primer-for-space-cooling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.917342 | 1,423 | 2.9375 | 3 |
While it is not possible to recover this opportunity cost of the past, the Primer makes an urgent case for acting now to make the shift to sustainable space-cooling practices, to avoid increasing the opportunity cost into the future. An integrative approach is foundational to making the shift to address space cooling sustainably. This approach calls for reducing the cooling loads of buildings by applying building efficiency measures that enhance thermal performance, serving the cooling load as efficiently as possible through using the most appropriate cooling solution and the most efficient cooling equipment available, and optimizing the performance of cooling through their operation. Such an approach would maximize potential benefits and should be pursued to the fullest extent possible. The Barriers Behind a Lack of Market demand for Sustainable Space Cooling and Strategies to Overcome Them
Space cooling is an integral part of energy efficiency in buildings—particularly in hot climates where cooling could represent up to 70 percent of the total energy load in buildings. Therefore, the interventions to promote building-specific sustainable space cooling may not be so different from those for enhancing overall building energy efficiency. However, space cooling has some unique attributes, including the impact on energy systems in terms of driving peak load, the role of refrigerants and their impact on emissions, and the ability to design cooling solutions at an urban or community level (where cooling can be provided more efficiently and with a lower greenhouse gas footprint over multiple buildings). The challenges of scaling up or investing in sustainable space-cooling practices can be fundamentally attributed to a lack of market demand for sustainable space cooling, which results from a number of underlying market barriers. | <urn:uuid:cffe6d90-a59f-48f3-838f-d40500837f1b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://rmi.org/primer-for-space-cooling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.917342 | 1,423 | 2.9375 | 3 |
These underlying market barriers are interrelated and reinforcing, and are also the core reason why market solutions and enablers—such as financial instruments and policy measures—are necessary:
- Lack of awareness about the broad benefits of sustainable space cooling
- Lack of transparency about the cost savings of energy-efficient buildings and sustainable cooling equipment
- First-cost bias due to a lack of clarity or understanding of life-cycle costs, which directs attention disproportionately to first costs
- Split incentives where the purchaser of the cooling solution will not be responsible for the operational costs of utilization
- Lack of valuation of efficiency where efficiency of buildings and building systems is typically not considered in purchasing and leasing decisions
- Complexity of choice due to multiple building typologies and technology options
- Misaligned policies that can inadvertently hinder the adoption of energy efficiency and sustainable space-cooling practices
The Primer identifies three overarching strategies to address these barriers and promote sustainable space cooling:
- A supportive policy and regulatory environment is a critical enabler of the right ecosystem to scale up access to sustainable space-cooling practices. Interventions in this category, in effect, stimulate the demand for sustainable space-cooling solutions. - Even when the right policy and regulatory systems are in place, financing and enabling mechanisms are often required to support and enable broader access to sustainable space-cooling practices. Interventions in this category make resources available to enable demand to be satisfied. - Using the appropriate supporting instrument interventions—such as enhancing consumer and stakeholder awareness, strengthening institutional and professional capacities, and promoting technology advancements—in parallel with policy interventions and financing can amplify their impact and achieve intended benefits. Interventions in this category help stimulate the supply for sustainable space-cooling solutions. Within these three broad categories, the Primer introduces 20 interventions that provide options and pathways for countries that are seeking to make the leap to sustainable space cooling. For those interested in learning more about the interventions, a supplement to the Primer, the Compendium, contains detailed information of each of the interventions, including over 100 examples from across the world—both in developed and developing countries—highlighting real-life successful implementation and the respective key insights learned. The Compendium also seeks to serve as a reference for readers seeking more detailed information on sustainable space cooling. | <urn:uuid:cffe6d90-a59f-48f3-838f-d40500837f1b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://rmi.org/primer-for-space-cooling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.917342 | 1,423 | 2.9375 | 3 |
While each country will chart its own path toward sustainable space cooling, together the Primer and the Compendium highlight the need for a comprehensive approach with interventions that are tailored to a country’s local needs, contexts, and opportunities. In a warming world with escalating demand for thermal comfort, the publications underscore the critical need to act now to make the shift to sustainable space-cooling practices and lock in a low-energy and low-climate-impact pathway toward access to space cooling for all. | <urn:uuid:cffe6d90-a59f-48f3-838f-d40500837f1b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://rmi.org/primer-for-space-cooling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.917342 | 1,423 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Baseline Information for the Lead Paint Country Situation in Nigeria
Lead in Nigerian paints is another route of lead into the environment and exposure can be caused as a result of inhalation or ingestion especially in children. In 2008, SRADeV Nigeria under the auspices of International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN) collected and analyzed decorative paints produced and/or marketed in Nigeria. All the sampled paint brands were found to contain lead higher than 90ppm, in fact up to an alarming level of 129,837ppm in one case. At that time, there were no regulatory limit for the paint sector. In another study carried out between July to August 2016, a total of 54 cans of solvent-based paint intended for home use purchased from stores in Lagos, Nigeria, analytical results showed 74% of the samples had values higher than 90ppm as well as peak value of 160,000ppm. Moreover, it has been estimated that lead exposure accounts for 7-25% of the disease burden among Nigerian children, and a 50% decrease in childhood BLL could save up to $1 billion per years. Like other West African countries, the economic cost due to lead exposure is estimated at $27.9 Billion'. There are yet still barriers to this abuse to their use such as lack of regulations, access to vendors and lack of awareness of small and medium-sized manufacturers (SMEs) to the need for phasing out lead paint. Therefore, the Federal Ministry of Environment with key sectors stakeholders as well as Paint Manufacturers Association (PMA) of Nigeria in response to the shocking results have joined UNEP and other developing countries together with IPEN/SRADev Nigeria partnership and launched National Lead Paint Elimination Campaign. In response to the international effort to eliminate lead in paint, the Global Environment Facility project on global best practices on emerging chemical policy issues of concern under the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management was launched in January 2019. In Nigeria, International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN) participation organization Sustainable Research and Action for Environmental Development (SRADev Nigeria) implements the national activities with support and guidance from IPEN's international team. A baseline information study on paint market in Nigeria is a preliminary deliverable of the project. | <urn:uuid:51a52788-d32c-4cb6-a1c6-3af12f4d06ae> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://saicmknowledge.org/library/baseline-information-lead-paint-country-situation-nigeria | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.949381 | 461 | 2.609375 | 3 |
What’s a “wash” and why do I need one? A wash is where a mixture of paint and thinner are combined. The mixture is mostly thinner with a few drops of color added (Testors gloss black in this instance); how much color is added is determined by how strong you want the wash to be (that will make more sense shortly). The reason for applying a wash is due to what our eyes (and, more importantly, brain) does with light. We see because of reflected light. What we see has “shape” because of shadows and highlights. Where the light is reflected directly back at the eye is a “highlight,” and the areas that don’t reflect light are shadows (of almost infinite intensity). The engine being replicated here is large. But the replication itself is small. Both “large” items and “small” items do different things with light even if their shapes are identical. So the way to fool the eye is to create shadows where there really are no shadows. That’s what a wash does. By thinning the hell out of it, it doesn’t cover as much as it collects. “Cover” should be obvious but what the hell does “collect” mean? When the wash is applied, because the color is so thinned out, the wash collects at places where surfaces/planes meet, and a properly thinned wash doesn’t much care how small these surfaces/planes are. When the wash collects in the crevasses and cracks, what it does for your eye is to convince it that what you’re looking at is actually larger because only large objects treat light like that (well, small ones do, too, but the effect is not very noticeable). And of course there’s a trick to all of this. If the color you’re applying a wash over is acrylic (as is the case here), then the wash has to be enamel. If the color having the wash applied is enamel, the wash has to be acrylic. The reason for this is because the substrates are different, they don’t bond to each other and that property is what allows the color to collect instead of coat. Once the wash has been applied and allowed to dry, then the piece being treated is given a coat of clear (matte, semi-gloss, or gloss, depending on the effect you want) and it’s all sealed. | <urn:uuid:a73b2e20-6e1f-405c-9561-14119fb3be84> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://scalemodelingmania.com/what-does-a-wash-mean/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.955121 | 663 | 2.734375 | 3 |
How that plays out is like this… I started with a matte finish (top photos) and ended with the washed finish. Notice how the photos on top look like something small and the photos on the bottom don’t? That’s what a wash is for:
The next step is to apply wear (for this I used Humbrol’s steel again), dry-brush the wearing and chipping, and then overshoot the whole thing with semi-gloss. And hopefully now when you look at it, absenting anything else you know the size of for scale, you can’t tell what size it is…and that’s the whole point. | <urn:uuid:a73b2e20-6e1f-405c-9561-14119fb3be84> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://scalemodelingmania.com/what-does-a-wash-mean/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.955121 | 663 | 2.734375 | 3 |
STEM is the combination of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Math. Rather than teach each subject individually, these are taught together. This allows students to see the interconnectedness of the subjects. The reason for the recent push toward STEM is that those fields are going to experience incredible job growth in the near future. We want our students to be able to compete well when they get to high school and college. Our goal is also to provide students with real world opportunities to use STEM. One way we do this is through our weekly science labs which all students take part in, Kindergarten through 8th grade. Our labs provide age-appropriate experiences where students can learn how STEM is a part of their everyday lives. Our students receive a comprehensive STEM program starting in Kindergarten. Students K-2 begin by observing scientific phenomena and talking about, writing about, and drawing basic diagrams of what they observe. Students 3-5 continue with what they have learned in the lower grades and begin to learn to ask scientific questions about what they are observing. Their conversations, writings and drawings reflect their deepening knowledge of scientific content. Students in Middle School continue to observe scientific phenomena and ask questions about what they are observing. At this level they learn to construct scientific arguments using a claim, evidence and reasoning framework. This is similar to what we used to know as the scientific method, but is much more in depth and allows students to apply what they are learning to mathematics, engineering and technology applications as well. In the next few years we will be moving from STEM to STEAM. What this means is that students will learn to use Art and Design to harness their creativity to solve problems to STEM problems. This push comes from universities that have seen the value in the creative and collaborative environment that art provides. | <urn:uuid:3ba4b3f0-0a36-41d0-b846-59b02a4fef1e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://sdgva.edliotest.com/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=806158&type=d&pREC_ID=573498 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.956584 | 362 | 3.984375 | 4 |
Northern Flicker – Colaptes auratus
Length: 11-12.2″; Wingspan: 16.5-20.1″; Weight: 3.9-5.6 oz. Northern Flickers are large, brown woodpeckers with a gentle expression and handsome black-scalloped plumage. On walks, don’t be surprised if you scare one up from the ground. It’s not where you’d expect to find a woodpecker, but flickers eat mainly ants and beetles, digging for them with their unusual, slightly curved bill. When they fly you’ll see a flash of color in the wings – yellow if you’re in the East, red if you’re in the West – and a bright white flash on the rump. Brown and black barred back with pale underparts with black spots. Black mark on chest. They have no red nape (males have red nape crescent). Brown or gray face and throat contrasts with underparts
Flickers often feed on the ground, probing for ants and other invertebrates. They also eat seeds, acorns, nuts, and grain. They forage on trunks and limbs and may fly-catch. They will perch to eat fruits and berries on outer branches. Northern Flickers spend lots of time on the ground, and when in trees they’re often perched upright on horizontal branches instead of leaning against their tails on a trunk. They fly in an up-and-down path using heavy flaps interspersed with glides, like many woodpeckers. Flickers are declining in many areas. However, they seem to be relatively common on Seabrook in the Creekwatch, Duneloft area where they are seen and heard year round, as well as on the golf courses. If you would like to learn more about this bird visit:
Article submitted by: Judy Morr
Photographs provided by: All About Bird website
This blog post is part of a series SIB will publish on a regular basis to feature birds seen in the area, both migratory and permanent residents. When possible we will use photographs taken by our members. Please let us know if you have any special requests of birds you would like to learn more about. | <urn:uuid:2216cb79-ef86-4818-9a7a-8ad53ae4c1ab> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://seabrookislandbirders.org/2016/11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.941256 | 479 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Download means getting information from another computer or server. The opposite of downloading is uploading, which is sending data to another computer. Usually we do not say "download" for a single web page (for example when you open this page on your computer). When we say we downloaded something, it is normally a bigger computer file, like data or a computer program. The word downloadable means the ability to get information or data from an owner for one's use. The source is expected to be authentic and have the right to send it. At the user's end, the downloaded information or data are to be used based on agreement notice. In the 21st century, it is very easy to download files or informations - legally or not - from the internet. Sideload[change | change source]
As most non-technical users use the word download to talk about any data transfer, the word "sideload" is sometimes used for local to local transfers as distinct from distant ones. | <urn:uuid:1b1853b0-4dd3-4a6a-8df2-017b8432e85e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_download | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.910671 | 202 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Abstract. Rubiyo, Dewi YA, Imran, Salim A, Baharudin, Indrawanto C, Ratule MT. 2020. Evaluation of yield and pest and disease resistance of cocoa clones in Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5698-5607. Cocoa is one of the main plantation commodities in Indonesia. It is an important source of foreign exchange and employment. Currently, Indonesian cocoa production and productivity, including in Southeast Sulawesi, are declining due to pests and diseases. In addition, there is a lack of high-quality and high-yielding clones. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of cocoa clones and resistance to cocoa pod borer (CPB) and cocoa pod rot (CPR) disease caused by the fungus Phytophthora palmivora. The study tested 12 cocoa clones, which included four high-yielding clones. The research location was in Lambandia Subdistrict, Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Clonal planting material was propagated by grafting in 2010. The study used a randomized block design and the treatments consisted of 20 plants of each cocoa clone with three replications. The clones were evaluated from 2018 to 2019. The observed variables included resistance to CPB and CPR. The results of the study based on the quality component showed that the clones MT, M04, and M01 had the highest average weight per one dry bean of 1.55 g, 1.64 g, and 1.24 g, respectively. Beans produced by clones MT, M01, and M04 had an average fat content of 53.36%, 52.72%, and 50.76%, respectively. Observations of the average number of pods with CPR showed that the lowest rate of attack (about 6%) was in BAL 209 and PT. Ladongi clones, with attack intensities of 20% and 18%, respectively; therefore, these clones were classified as resistant to CPR. Evaluation of the level of resistance to attack by CPB pests found two resistant clones, PT. Ladongi and Sulawesi 2, with light levels of attack on beans. | <urn:uuid:823c5244-96af-4b8a-aa4c-ec99a68b018f> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/6665 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.948893 | 445 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Use some of the following ideas from the song for further discussion and research about water. Ask the children to think of other effects that water produces, where it can be found and how it impacts on their lives. (1) Rainbows appear when raindrops reflect sunlight, breaking white light into colors. (2) The sun’s energy causes water to vaporize and evaporate. (3) Rocks and earth are eroded by water. Over countless years canyons and valleys are created. (4) The Titanic was thought to be unsinkable until it hit an iceberg ie. frozen water. (5) There is a finite amount of water on Earth. The same water molecules present at the time of the dinosaurs are still moving throughout the Earth, in the atmosphere, in plants, people and animals. (6) The water cycle describes the constant movement of water from the oceans to the clouds (evaporation) and back to earth (rain, snow, hail etc). (7) Think about the sound of a large waterfall roaring or a trickle of water silently moving along a drain. (8) A still surface of water like a lake can reflect the sky and the surroundings. (9) Our tears are mostly water. | <urn:uuid:62fea031-d307-4d83-b83f-ac8ba7e4aa90> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://songlibrary.net/Rainbows-and-Canyons/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.930709 | 260 | 3.515625 | 4 |
How Social Media has changed our lives
Everywhere we go, social media is ever-present. This digital medium has become one of the most important outlets in the world. Millions of people talk about different topics and share their lives through sites such as Facebook and Twitter. But what is the impact of social media? What positive and negative effects does it have on our lives? We have listed below some of the pros and cons of social media for your benefit:
- News can be shared instantly in real-time
- Faster worldwide communication
- Can be used to promote positive ideas
- Increased marketing opportunities for business
- Can become addictive
- Reduces our ability to communicate face-to-face
- Can reduce confidence and self-esteem
- Can be used to spread hate and racism
As you can see, social media is a double-edged sword. It can be used to spread positivity. There is also no denying that it has improved communication and allows people from around the world to get in touch easier. On the flip side, social media can also become hugely addictive. Students can waste hours mindlessly scrolling through Facebook and Twitter feeds. Furthermore, there are those who use these platforms to spread their own negative agendas. To help better understand this phenomenon, we have a myriad of social media essay topics. You can find out more info using our different essay about social media category. It is important that we look at how social media is being used, and what effects it can have. | <urn:uuid:fd0bb905-90c0-4199-bf5b-5b7eda87f6a6> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://studydriver.com/social-media/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.95335 | 305 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Understanding the Brightness is very important in your home. We all used incandescent bulbs in the past and we knew exactly how bright a bulbs was by how many Watts the bulbs is. Your choices were 25, 40, 60, and 100 watt bulbs. Which was straight forward. Now with the introduction of LEDs to the market, understand the brightness (which is now measured in lumens) has become very confusing because LED bulbs give out the same brightness for up to 80% less energy consumed. All you need to know is the higher about of Lumens the brighter the bulb is going to be. Say goodbye to Watts and hello to Lumens. | <urn:uuid:b98a7746-87a9-4afe-8e9c-6155793650a3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://superiorlighting.co.uk/blogs/news/understanding-brightness | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.980349 | 133 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Statelessness: A Modern History by Mira L. Siegelberg. Harvard University Press, 336 pages. If you were to charter a boat southwest from Hawaii toward Australia, you would pass by clusters of what are known in development-speak as SIDS, or Small Island Developing States. They are predominant in the South Pacific as well as the Caribbean: flecks of land encircled by copper blue water, where it’s easy to imagine a life of ease and unchanging rhythms—providing you haven’t spent enough time on one of these islands to know how the clock ticks there. SIDS will be the first of the world’s states to go underwater. They are low-lying, and their populations and development tend to concentrate along the coastlines. Many of them are poor. Kiribati, among the most imperiled of the SIDS, is made up of thirty-three islets dotted across more than a million square miles of ocean. In terms of spread, it is one of the world’s largest nations, but its average elevation is barely six feet above water. Upper estimates for sea-level rise by 2100 sit at around six feet; in a literal sense, there will be little safe ground to retreat to when the already thinning borders of sand are breached. Add to that changes in sea temperatures, declining fish stocks, and extreme weather conditions, and it becomes apparent that climate change will spare none of Kiribati’s inhabitants. And so they will have to leave. Should you survive to the year 2100 and once again charter a boat southwest from Hawaii, many of the islands you pass by will very likely be shrunken and deserted, unable to support human life. Perhaps you won’t need to wait that long. The displacement of island populations due to climate change will not be as rapid and concentrated as that produced by the great wars of our age, but its human cost will be vast. Kiribati is currently home to one hundred fifteen thousand people. The Maldives, another low-lying SIDS, has a population of more than half a million. Only one of its one thousand two hundred or so islands has a high point of eight feet. Maldivians, too, will soon have to leave. Any study of the modern-day crisis of statelessness must take as pivotal the events of the First World War. | <urn:uuid:f75c91d9-4521-43f2-ba9b-0cbe572d4cb2> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebaffler.com/latest/a-long-way-from-home-wade?utm_campaign=further&utm_source=fresh-hell-aussies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.957422 | 3,638 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Other islands in the Asia-Pacific, perhaps in the Philippines or Indonesian archipelagos, may also become uninhabitable as the sea rises. But their populations will at least have the option of moving to safer ground elsewhere in their country, thereby retaining their citizenship and everything it affords. I-Kiribati, as the islanders are known, have no such protection. Having gained independence from Britain in 1979, their country purchased a twenty square kilometer “overspill” portion of land in Fiji some years back in preparation for the eventuality of rising waters, but there are serious doubts as to how many people could move there, and how secure their livelihoods would be. At present, then, the nation is sinking. When independent Kiribati is lost, so, too, will the I-Kiribati lose their nationality. Anxiety over the fate of the several million people currently stateless around the world, and the many more who will join in decades to come, haunts Mira L. Siegelberg’s Statelessness: A Modern History. “In the likely not so distant future,” she writes in the book’s conclusion, “when whole nations. . . become submerged, the dispossessed population would not under current regimes enjoy the protection of any government.” In mapping the genealogy of statelessness, Siegelberg details the carving up of the modern world into tightly bounded nation-states, membership to which confers protections that are otherwise denied to the politically homeless. That process should offer clues as to how this next century might play out. “The boundaries of states are breaking down in new ways,” she writes. “Forced migration is inextricable from this process.”
Modern states as we know them are a product of the reconfiguring of notions of statehood and sovereignty that, many theorists argue, began with the French Revolution in the late eighteenth century. It took on a new force—and new parameters—in the early twentieth century, as empires collapsed and more discrete political units emerged. As such, the timeframe of Siegelberg’s book is necessarily condensed, even as her study of statelessness and its treatment in international law is deep. Statelessness only became a serious legal concern when states en masse began to take forms that better allowed for marking out citizens from non-citizens: fixed, clearly demarcated borders; culturally contiguous populations (or so their leaders might wish); a single ruling authority. Compared to these rather modern characteristics, prior epochs saw more fluid displays of territorial compression and expansion. | <urn:uuid:f75c91d9-4521-43f2-ba9b-0cbe572d4cb2> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebaffler.com/latest/a-long-way-from-home-wade?utm_campaign=further&utm_source=fresh-hell-aussies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.957422 | 3,638 | 3.21875 | 3 |
From the Habsburg Empire to the Abyssinian Empire, imperial elites, monarchs, and religious authorities continually sought to extend boundaries, in the process actively subsuming populations of varying ethnicity. As frontiers moved frequently, it was common for those who stayed put to belong to different states at different times, or sometimes to none at all. Those who moved between territories—traders, nomads, refugees fleeing conflict and famine—tended to face scrutiny of their fealty to rulers rather than to a nebulous “national culture.” For the most part they were spared the eager, small-minded testing of their “suitability” that has become so pervasive in the migrant experience today. Any study of the modern-day crisis of statelessness must take as pivotal the events of the First World War. It was only two months after its end that Max Weber gave his famed lecture “Politics as a Vocation,” in which he outlined what has become perhaps the canonical definition of the new state form that crystalized in the wake of Europe’s fracturing. In previous eras, Weber wrote, law-making tended to be the domain of a range of “associations” whose authoritative strength varied depending on the context. These might be clan systems, private armies, city-state authorities; they might be the monarchy or the church. But the advent of the war, an event of such magnitude that it demanded an all-state response from combatants, required that the legitimate use of force be wrested from these associations. In this way, the control of people and the levers of power became centralized under one authority. The war marked the point at which the contemporary nation-state form began to dominate in Europe, which is the geographical focus of Siegelberg’s book. The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Armenian Genocide, and other crises of that era left millions without a home, prompting a refinement of the systems that surveyed these moving populations. Passports might have existed in various forms for two millennia, but they only become obligatory for international travel during the war years. For those lucky enough to still belong to a state after the war, they provided both safety in passage and proof of national belonging, acquiring unsurpassed value as nationality became the defining source of identification. But their popularity was not universal. | <urn:uuid:f75c91d9-4521-43f2-ba9b-0cbe572d4cb2> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebaffler.com/latest/a-long-way-from-home-wade?utm_campaign=further&utm_source=fresh-hell-aussies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.957422 | 3,638 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Vladimir Nabokov, holder of a Nansen passport—the first internationally recognized refugee travel document, issued to stateless persons after 1922—considered them a “dreary hell devised by European bureaucrats.” But those without even that privilege came to scorn the disenfranchisement that the absence of a passport signaled. The proliferation of states asserting absolute sovereignty following the Second World War effectively calcified the nation-state order that we know today. The war also launched a century of legal arguments over how to view—and what to do with—the millions of people who found themselves without a country they could call home. Siegelberg’s command of the complex arguments and events that shaped the modern-day discourse on statelessness is impressive. We see how European courts wrangled over this emergent category as the war and its accompanying revolutions in Russia, Germany, and elsewhere prompted the redrawing of borders and the dispersal of millions of people across the continent. Gandhi considered Europe’s mass of stateless persons indicative of the decline of European civilization and the imprudent model of statehood established there. Hannah Arendt, whose own flight from Nazi Germany left her stateless, saw the denigration of the stateless as emblematic of the breakdown of the nineteenth-century ideal of civic emancipation, and the emergence in its place of a framework in which basic rights could only be secured through membership in a political community. Legal arguments began to center on whether the authority of international law could be expanded to take under its purview the protection of the stateless. That coincided with a postwar turn to internationalism, one that took spirited form in the birth of the League of Nations in 1919 but also, with the rise of expansionist fascist administrations, a diabolical turn. Accompanying these developments was the bigger question of whether the state could be dislodged as the central subject of international politics. “The more one looked,” Siegelberg writes,
the more evident it seemed that states were not the only actors on the international scene. The fact remained that one could find confederacies, federations, protectorates, spheres of influence, suzerainties, and self-governing dominions, all of which flew in the face of the orthodox theory that all territory in the world resides under the exclusive sovereignty of some sovereign state. The proliferation of states asserting absolute sovereignty following the Second World War effectively calcified the nation-state order that we know today. Yet Siegelberg problematizes the belief that this was inevitable. | <urn:uuid:f75c91d9-4521-43f2-ba9b-0cbe572d4cb2> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebaffler.com/latest/a-long-way-from-home-wade?utm_campaign=further&utm_source=fresh-hell-aussies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.957422 | 3,638 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Historians and political theorists, she notes, have “begun to recover how ideas of collective self-determination, sovereignty, political representation, and democratic self-rule were conceptualized in a range of ways” across the twentieth century. In doing so they counter the assumption that the nation-state model dominated the political geography of the twentieth century to the extent that it overwhelmed all other forms of political organization. Rather, it was only in the 1960s that federations, protectorates, extraterritorial enclaves, and other complex polities “gave way to a more homogenized political map of the world.” These alternative visions of political life compel us, she argues, to question “how the modern state became the dominant form of political organization in the period after the Second World War.”
Where does this leave the global stateless, now and in the century to come? Siegelberg leaves that question open, and perhaps for good reason: forecasting the future from the mess of the current political era may be unwise. Yet there are glimmers of optimism in both the past and present. As time goes on it is clear that the global stateless are not silent; formal politics is not, and has never been, the only sphere in which rights are fought for and realized. Thanks to the greater interconnectedness of our world, stateless communities have lobbying power, and they can still, to a point, organize—Palestinians, Rohingya, and Tibetans are but three examples. Siegelberg also takes issue with Arendt’s fixation on the emptiness of “natural rights,” those a human should possess merely by dint of being human, but whose hollowness was, so the philosopher argued, evidenced by the mass disenfranchisements of the twentieth century. This preoccupation missed the smaller achievements. Stateless persons were, in some notable cases, able to assert their legal capacity, absent a national protectorate, through private law actions like contracts and torts. They also had perhaps the finest legal mind of the twentieth century fighting in their corner. Hersch Lauterpacht, whose work at the Nuremberg Tribunals was pivotal in enshrining the charges of crimes against humanity and war crimes in international law, also sought to reshape international legal frameworks so that they could defend the stateless against the many forces ranged against them. Such endeavors have, however, had limited success. The 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness prohibits states from withdrawing the citizenship of nationals when doing so would render them stateless. | <urn:uuid:f75c91d9-4521-43f2-ba9b-0cbe572d4cb2> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebaffler.com/latest/a-long-way-from-home-wade?utm_campaign=further&utm_source=fresh-hell-aussies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.957422 | 3,638 | 3.21875 | 3 |
The Lost Writings by Franz Kafka, translated by Michael Hofmann. New Directions, 128 pages. The unfinished draft of The Castle, Franz Kafka’s third and final novel, ends mid-sentence. But when the manuscript made its initial entree into the world, the text had been edited into completion. Max Brod, Kafka’s friend and literary executor, who prepared the original 1926 edition, later reflected that his “aim was to present in accessible form an unconventional, disturbing work which had not been quite finished: thus every effort was made to avoid anything that might have emphasized its fragmentary state.” To accomplish this obfuscation of the novel’s incomplete form, Brod redacted nearly a fifth of the text. He eventually thought better of the choice, and in the second edition restored most of what he’d cut—but by then, his success at attracting interest in Kafka’s work had led to its placement on the Nazis’ “List of Harmful and Undesirable Literature.” This prevented the more faithful edition from reaching a wide German audience until the fall of the Reich. Meanwhile, Kafka’s readership grew abroad thanks to the 1930 English translations by Willa and Edwin Muir, who based their rendering of The Castle on Brod’s original edition—presenting the novel not as a fragment, but as a completed whole. The state in which Kafka left The Castle is representative of the condition of his entire oeuvre. During his life, he published a few stories in periodicals, released one collection of fiction, and prepared another that appeared only posthumously. But he left behind the vast majority of his work incomplete—infamously, with a note beseeching Brod to burn every word. Brod approached the other novels he declined to destroy much as he did The Castle, omitting unfinished chapters from The Trial and altering the ending of Kafka’s first novel, The Man Who Disappeared, which he renamed Amerika. As for the reams of stories and aphorisms, Brod bestowed titles on many pieces that lacked them and amended aborted conclusions. Over the intervening decades, generations of scholars and translators have contested the comparatively polished Kafka that Brod constructed. | <urn:uuid:64c4653f-ae64-4afe-9e6b-b14c4d87f1fc> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebaffler.com/latest/kafka-in-pieces-goldman?utm_campaign=further&utm_source=treating-american-empire-shade | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.963424 | 3,298 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The centrality of fragmentation to Kafka’s work was clear at least as early as 1949, when the theorist Maurice Blanchot observed in his book The Work of Fire (later translated by Charlotte Mandell) that “Kafka’s main stories are fragments, and the totality of the work is a fragment.” But in the Anglophone literary world, this revision has been most meaningfully advanced in the last twenty-odd years: for instance, in Mark Harman’s translation of The Castle (1998) and Breon Mitchell’s of The Trial (1999). Poet and translator Michael Hofmann has been another advocate of the rougher-edged Kafka, through his version of Kafka’s first novel, given the compromise title Amerika: The Man Who Disappeared (2004); a collection of Kafka’s stories, Investigations of a Dog: And Other Creatures (2017); and now The Lost Writings. The state in which Kafka left The Castle is representative of the condition of his entire oeuvre. This new volume collects seventy-four short pieces—few longer than two pages, many unconcluded—curated by Reiner Stach, author of the definitive three-volume biography of Kafka. In his afterword, Stach argues that, though “the fragile, fragmentary quality” of Kafka’s work has been extremely influential, even “caus[ing] us to begin to take the literary fragment seriously,” the writer’s most fragmentary material has remained hidden from view: rarely translated, often out of print, barely read, and thus, even if not completely absent, still fundamentally “lost.” Stach’s claim that we owe our interest in the literary fragment as such to Kafka is a bit bombastically overstated, ignoring a long history from Sappho to Virgil to early literary-philosophical modernists like Kierkegaard; nearly a century before Kafka’s birth, the philosopher Friedrich Schlegel quipped, “Many of the works of the ancients have become fragments. Many modern works are fragments as soon as they are written.” But it’s certainly true that Kafka has been essential to the modernist and postmodernist appreciation of the fragment. Given the lamentable obscurity of so many of his most fragmentary texts, Stach’s and Hofmann’s task is a significant one: to bring an assortment of these pieces, which form what Stach calls the “gigantic base” of the “iceberg” of Kafka’s oeuvre, to the surface. | <urn:uuid:64c4653f-ae64-4afe-9e6b-b14c4d87f1fc> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebaffler.com/latest/kafka-in-pieces-goldman?utm_campaign=further&utm_source=treating-american-empire-shade | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.963424 | 3,298 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Though Stach does admit to certain Brodian concessions—he writes that the “selection seeks above all to be accessible,” presenting “highly approachable, ‘readable’ pieces”—The Lost Writings thrillingly foregoes any organizational infrastructure that might help us orient ourselves, from titles to sections to a table of contents. Besides the selections themselves and the afterword, there is only an index of first lines. This minimalist approach submerges readers immediately into Kafka’s world. The very first page fixes us in one of his classic traps: “I lay on the ground at the foot of a wall, writhing in agony, trying to burrow down into the damp earth.”
We might divide the pieces collected in The Lost Writings into gems and shards—the former seemingly conceptually complete, the latter obviously broken-off—each with their own particular kinds of obscurity. Within that scheme, this first text would be a gem; the few sentences that comprise the rest of the tale briefly sketch the scene, unfurling the plight contained in the opening. There’s the narrator as prey, a coach equipped with a driver and dogs already bored with the kill, and a hunter “greedily pinching [the narrator’s] calves.” Most startlingly, there is also a brutal expression of desire thwarted: “athirst, with open mouth, I breathed in clouds of dust.”
This opening parable of doomed impotence stutters into the next—another gem, in which the circumstances and mode are completely transformed, but the essential dynamics of predator and prey are unchanged. Here the narrator assumes the cruel, empowered position occupied by the hunter’s retinue in the first piece. He addresses the ensnared:
So, you want to leave me? Well, one decision is as good as another. Where will you go? Where is away-from-me? The moon? Not even that is far enough, and you’ll never get there. So why the fuss? Wouldn’t you rather sit down in a corner somewhere, quietly? Wouldn’t that be an improvement? A warm, dark corner? Aren’t you listening? You’re feeling for the door. Well, where is it? So far as I remember, this room doesn’t have one. Absent exits recur throughout the collection, as do impassable doorways, the portal’s useless presence only heightening the atmosphere of entrapment. | <urn:uuid:64c4653f-ae64-4afe-9e6b-b14c4d87f1fc> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebaffler.com/latest/kafka-in-pieces-goldman?utm_campaign=further&utm_source=treating-american-empire-shade | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.963424 | 3,298 | 2.6875 | 3 |
In a later fragment, a shard, a pack of beasts return home from stealing a drink of water from a pond, only to be chased by punishers wielding whips into “the ancestral gallery, where the door was slammed shut, and we were left alone.” In another, a gem, the narrator inexplicably paces “an averagely large hall softly lit by electric light.” “The room had doors,” he reports, “but if you opened them, you found yourself facing a dark wall of sheer rock barely a hand’s breadth from the threshold, and running straight up to either side, as far as one could see. There was no way out there.”
This same quietly suffocating phrase, “no way out”—a Kafkan fragment in itself—appears in another text, a dialogue between an unnamed interlocutor and a chimpanzee named Red Peter who has been seized from his jungle home by humans and eventually learns to behave like one. The ape is also the narrator of “A Report to an Academy,” one of the few stories Kafka finished and published in his lifetime. In the full story, Red Peter expresses his desire for a “way out” and devotes some time to glossing the meaning of the phrase: “I fear that perhaps you do not quite understand what I mean by ‘way out,’” he tells his audience in Willa and Edwin Muir’s translation. “I use the expression in its fullest and most popular sense. I deliberately do not use the word ‘freedom.’ I do not mean the spacious feeling of freedom on all sides”—leaving us to deduce what sort of comparatively inhibited liberty he seeks instead. In the version in The Lost Writings, a dejected Red Peter recounts the story of his capture, before which, he says, he “hadn’t known what that means: to have no way out.” He goes on to explain that he was contained not in “a four-sided cage with bars”; rather, “there were only three walls, and they were made fast to a chest, the chest constituted the fourth wall.” Everything hinges, it seems, on this fourth wall. In the Kafkan cosmology, three walls are presumed. The frightening tragedy is the way one’s own existence constitutes the final barrier. The specter of this absent fourth wall haunts The Lost Writings. It returns explicitly in one other fragment, in which the narrator describes the space in which he’s held captive. | <urn:uuid:64c4653f-ae64-4afe-9e6b-b14c4d87f1fc> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebaffler.com/latest/kafka-in-pieces-goldman?utm_campaign=further&utm_source=treating-american-empire-shade | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.963424 | 3,298 | 2.6875 | 3 |
“It was no prison cell, because the fourth wall was completely open,” he tells us in the first line. Here self-obstruction is expressed not in the character’s actual physical predicament, but in his interpretation of it: the fourth wall’s openness serves only to accentuate that he doesn’t even attempt to break free. In fact, the narrator says it’s for the best that his nudity prevents him from fashioning an escape rope out of garments; given the possible “catastrophic results,” it’s “better to have nothing and do nothing.”
Elsewhere, Kafka finds other ways to represent the structure of self-defeat. In one fragment, the narrator tells of being mysteriously unable to stay with a girl he loves. “It was as though she was surrounded by a ring of armed men who held out their lances in all directions,” he claims at first, but then revises this account: “I too was ringed by armed men, though they pointed their lances backward, in my direction. As I moved toward the girl, I was immediately caught in the lances of my own men and could make no further progress.” Another piece draws the self-abnegation deeper into the speaker, and exhilaratingly accelerates the velocity of its expression. “I can swim as well as the others,” the narrator says, “only I have a better memory than they do, so I have been unable to forget my formerly not being able to swim. Since I have been unable to forget it, being able to swim doesn’t help me, and I can’t swim after all.”
In the Kafkan cosmology, three walls are presumed. The frightening tragedy is the way one’s own existence constitutes the final barrier. For the most part, the pieces making up The Lost Writings do not offer a new or more richly understood Kafka so much as a concentrated expression of the same dynamics, motifs, and obsessions that occupy his longer and more familiar works. Compressed and largely stripped of the intricacy that distinguishes the latter, these fragments help us appreciate how much of what makes a piece of writing Kafka’s lives at the level of the voice, the situation, the posture, the incident, the line. They also illuminate the fragmentary features of the less fragmented writings. | <urn:uuid:64c4653f-ae64-4afe-9e6b-b14c4d87f1fc> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebaffler.com/latest/kafka-in-pieces-goldman?utm_campaign=further&utm_source=treating-american-empire-shade | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.963424 | 3,298 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Understanding the way colour is recorded and processed in the broadcast chain is vital to ensuring its safe passage. Whilst there are plenty of people who work in part of the broadcast chain which shouldn’t touch colour, being purely there for transport, the reality is that if you don’t know how colour is dealt with under the hood, it’s not possible to any technical validation of the signal beyond ‘it looks alright!’. The problem being, if you don’t know what’s involved in displaying it correctly, or how it’s transported, how can you tell? Ollie Kenchington has dropped into the CPV Common Room for this tutorial on colour which starts at the very basics and works up to four case studies at the end. He starts off by simply talking about how colours mix together. Ollie explains the difference between the world of paints, where mixing together is an act of subtracting colours and the world of mixing light which is about adding colours together. Whilst this might seem pedantic, it creates profound differences regarding what colour two mixed colours create. Pigments such as paints look that way because they only reflect the colour(s) you see. They simply don’t reflect the other colours. This is why they are called subtractive; shine a blue light on something that is pure red, and you will just see black, because there is no red light to reflect back. Lights, however, provide lights and look that way because they are sending out the light you see. So mixing a red and blue light will create magenta. This is known as additive colour mixing and introduces color.adobe.com which lets you discover new colour palettes. The colour wheel is next on the agenda which Ollie explains allows you to talk about the amplitude of a colour – the distance the colour is from the centre of the circle – and the angle which defines the colour itself. But as important as it is to describe a colour in a document, it’s all the more important to understand how humans see colours. Ollie lays out the way that rods & cones work in the eye. That there is a central area which sees the best detail and has most of the cones. The cones, we see, are the cells which help us see colour. | <urn:uuid:a4fa1c6f-9c2e-4368-9822-54e17923465b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebroadcastknowledge.com/2020/06/17/video-colour-theory/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.950346 | 1,599 | 3.59375 | 4 |
The fact there aren’t many cones in our periphery is covered up by our brains which interpolate colour from what they have seen and what they know about our current environment. Everyone is colour blind, Ollie explains, in our peripheral vision but the brain makes up for it all from what it knows about what you have seen. Overall, in your eye, sensitivity to blue is by far much less than that you have for green and then red. This is because, in evolutionary terms, there is much less important information gained by seeing detail in blue than in green, the colour of plants. Red, of course, helps understanding shardes of green and brown which are both colours native to plants. The upshot of this, Ollie explains, is that when we come to processing light, we have to do it in a way which takes in to account the human sensitivity to different wavelengths. This means that we can show three rectangles next to each other, red, green and blue, see them as similar brightnesses but then see that under the hood, we’ve reduced the intensity of the blue by 89 percent, the red by 70 and the green by only 41. When added together, these show the correct greyscale brightness. The CIE 1931 colour space is the next topic. The CIE 1931 colourspace shows all the colours that the human eye can see. Ollie demonstrates, by overlaying it on the graph that ITU-R Rec.709 – broadcast’s most well-known and most widely-used colourspace only provides 35% coverage of what our eyes can see. This makes the call for Rec 2020 from the proponents of UHD and ‘better pixels’, which covers 75%, all the more relevant. Ollie next focuses in on acquisition talking about CMOS chips in cameras which are monochromatic by nature. As each pixel of a CMOS sensor only records how many photons it received, it is intrinsically monochrome. Therefore, in order to show colour, you need to put a Bayer colour filter array in front. Essentially this describes a pattern of red, blue and green filters above these pixel. With the filter in place, you know that the value you read from a given pixel represents just that single colour. If you put red, blue and green filters over a range of pixels on the sensor, you are able to reconstruct the colour of the incoming scene. | <urn:uuid:a4fa1c6f-9c2e-4368-9822-54e17923465b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebroadcastknowledge.com/2020/06/17/video-colour-theory/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.950346 | 1,599 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Ollie then starts to talk about reducing colour date. We an do this at source by only recording 8, rather than 10-bits of colour, but Ollie shows us a clear demonstration of when that doesn’t look good; typically 8-bit video lets itself down on sunsets, flesh tones or similar subtle. gradients. The same principle drives the HDR discussion regarding 10-bit Vs. 12 bit. With PQ being built for 12-bit, but realistic live production workflows for the next few years being 10-bit which HLG expects, there is plenty of water to go under the bridge before we see whether PQ’s 12-bit advantage really comes into its own outside of cinemas. Ollie also explains colour subsampling which gets a thorough explanation detailing not only 4:4:4 and 4:2:2 but also the less common examples. The next section looks at ‘scopes’ also known as ‘waveform monitors’. Ollie starts with the histogram which shows you how much of your picture is a certain brightness helping understanding how exposed your picture is overall. With the histogram, the horizontal axis shows brightness with the left being black and the right being white. Whereas the waveform shows the brightness on the horizontal and then the x axis shows you the position in the picture that a certain brightness happens. This allows you to directly associate brightness values with objects in the scene. This can be done with the luma signal or the separate RGB which then allows you to understand the colour of that area. Vectorscope
Ollie then moves on to discussing balancing contrast looking at lift (lifting the black point), gamma (affects central), gain (altering the white point) and mixing that with shadows, midtowns and highlights. He then talks about how the surroundings affect your perceived brightness of the picture and shows it with great boxes in different surrounds. Ollie demonstrates this as part of the slides in the presentation very effectively and talks about the need for standards to control this. When grading, he discusses the different gamma that screens should be set to for different types of work and discusses the standard which says that the ambiance light in the surrounding room should be about 10% as bright as the screen displaying pure white. | <urn:uuid:a4fa1c6f-9c2e-4368-9822-54e17923465b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebroadcastknowledge.com/2020/06/17/video-colour-theory/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.950346 | 1,599 | 3.59375 | 4 |
The last part of the talk presents case studies of programmes and films looking at the way they used colour, saturation, costume and lighting to enhance and underwrite the story that was being told. This take-away is the need to think of colour as a narrative element. Something that can be informed from and understood by wardrobe, visual look intention, wardrobe and lighting. The conversation about colour and grading should start early in the filming process and a key point Ollie makes is that this is not a conversation which costs a lot, but having it early in the production is priceless in terms of it’s impact on the cost and results of the the project. Owner & Creative Director,
Korro Films, Korro Academy | <urn:uuid:a4fa1c6f-9c2e-4368-9822-54e17923465b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thebroadcastknowledge.com/2020/06/17/video-colour-theory/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.950346 | 1,599 | 3.59375 | 4 |
The ulu is a knife with a semi-circular shaped blade which translates as “women’s knife” in the Inuit language of Inuttut. Ulus date back 4,519 years ago (2500 BCE). Ulus from 1880 discovered on Baffin Island were found with the blade adhered to the handle by an adhesive made from clay, dog hair and seal blood. In the 1890s, some ulus created by Western Inuit had holes through the handle and the blade. The two pieces were joined together using rawhide, whalebone and pine root. The Copper Inuit of Victoria Island (the eighth largest island in the world and part of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories) used copper they mined to make ulu blades. When slate and copper were scarce, some Inuit turned to whale baleen or ivory for the blades. The crescent-shaped blade was originally made of slate, but today it is made of steel. Steel was available after 1719, through the Hudson’s Bay Company. Blades could be semi-circular or triangular and were attached to the handle with a single post or with the post having a piece in the centre taken out. The handle of the ulu might include ornate drawings and engravings specific to the woman who owned the knife. Handles are usually made of wood but can also be made of bone, antler or ivory. The size of an ulu depends on the personal preference of its owner or the region where it was made. A husband or other male relative sometimes presents an ulu to a woman or they are passed down from one generation to the next. The cutting and slicing power of the ulu blade comes from the handle, allowing the force of the blade to be directed over the object to be cut. This allows the woman to cut through strong, dense objects, such as bone. The design of the ulu makes it easy to use with one hand. Ulus are multi-faceted tools that vary in design to suit diverse needs. Larger ulus cut game or fish and a smaller ulu removes blubber and shaves skin. Even smaller ulus cut skins or trim small pieces. Tiny ulus help sew or cut ornate pieces used as inlays in sealskin clothing. Looking at most tools designed by humans, the ulu holds a special place. It is one of the only tools that is female-centric and has become an important cultural symbol. | <urn:uuid:b891727f-3d03-41d5-aa95-4e541c1cff6a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thediscoverblog.com/2019/02/25/the-arctic-inuit-ulu-diverse-strong-spiritual/?replytocom=53946 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96933 | 604 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Its likeness serves as an award medal in events such as the Arctic Winter Games and is a prominent design element in contemporary Inuit art, crafts, and fashion design. They are often displayed prominently in the home as works of art in and of themselves. Used for thousands of years across the northern regions of North America, the ulu continues to be functional, powerful, and diverse. Ellen Bond is a Project Assistant with the Online Content Team at Library and Archives Canada. | <urn:uuid:b891727f-3d03-41d5-aa95-4e541c1cff6a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://thediscoverblog.com/2019/02/25/the-arctic-inuit-ulu-diverse-strong-spiritual/?replytocom=53946 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.96933 | 604 | 3.546875 | 4 |
The Marsh-Mallow has been known ever since Antiquity for its medicinal properties and its culinary uses. The roots, leaves and flowers can be used in maceration, plasters, ointments, and as herbal tea and syrup. The essential oil extracted has decongestant, diuritic and healing properties. The roots can be boiled and eaten as a vegetable. Receipe of an herbal tea of leaves and flowers: 5gr. per cup. Boil it for 10 minutes and drink three cups a day to relieve bronchitis, asthma, cold and pleurisy. Erect stems 1.2 m high, simple, or putting out only a few lateral branches. The leaves, shortly petioled, are roundish and ovate-cordate. They are soft and velvety on both sides. The flowers are shaped like those of the common Mallow, but are smaller with pale colour. Soak the seeds in cool water for 48 hours before sowing at temperatures of 18ºC/22ºC. | <urn:uuid:c2b9ff1f-8a56-4a73-85f7-f3a2e878d079> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://theoriginalgarden.com/p/seeds/aromatics_medicinals/aromatics_medicinals/althaea-officinalis-marsh-mallow | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.956525 | 217 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Clinical disease and mortalities due to disseminated visceral coccidiosis were identified for the first time in a group of captive juvenile Eurasian cranes (Grus grus) in the UK during 2008. Presumptive diagnosis was made from the finding of granulomatous nodules in the liver, spleen and other organs at gross postmortem examination, and confirmed histologically by the presence of intracellular coccidial stages within lesions. The species of coccidian was determined to be Eimeria reichenowi on the basis of faecal oocyst morphology and sequencing of 18S rDNA by PCR. A further outbreak of clinical disease occurred in the same enclosure in 2009, affecting a new group of juvenile Eurasian cranes and demoiselle cranes (Anthropoides virgo) and indicating the persistence of infective oocysts in the environment. Clinical sampling of birds during both years demonstrated positive results from examination of both faecal samples and peripheral blood smears. ASJC Scopus subject areas | <urn:uuid:da4fa68a-62d1-400e-aeaf-2be7bc8dbd7b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/disseminated-visceral-coccidiosis-in-eurasian-cranes-grus-grus-in | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.925899 | 215 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Jeanie Helena August 4, 2020 worksheets
Some free worksheets are not good quality – the pictures are fuzzy, backgrounds print grey or speckled – and children tend to notice these things. If you are using the worksheets to educate your child, you may want to choose good quality worksheets that encourage your child to produce good quality work. After all, it’s a little difficult to ask your child to color within the lines and work neatly when the worksheet they are filling in hasn’t done the same. If you must use worksheets, then be sure you do the following 6 things:1. Know what you are buying. If you can’t see it (there is no sample shown), then do not buy it. There are many people out there trying to make a buck off the current popularity of worksheets. Many, if not most, of these people know nothing about mathematics, teaching, or how the brain learns. Anyone can type columns of addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc. problems; but these worksheets will be bad for your child. Don’t trust what you can’t see. Home schooling can be expensive and difficult to implement, especially on a tight budget. If money is tight, homeschool worksheets that you can get for free can take the place of a textbook. The worksheet will be able to teach pretty much the same things that a textbook will, and yet you won’t have to spend hundreds of dollars on books. Although some worksheet resources charge a small fee, you will be able to access thousands of printable worksheets that you can use for homeschooling. In 1986, mimeograph machines were (for the most part) replaced by digital copiers in elementary schools. Those of us teachers who experienced using mimeograph machines will forever remember the distinct smell of the still-damp, purple-ink worksheets that we handed out to our students – by the ream full. (If you’re like me, you can remember that smell right now!) Students can certainly benefit from practicing new skills and concepts on paper. From letters and numbers to report summary formats, worksheets can provide students with a framework for practice – an avenue for synthesizing new information in their brains. Well designed worksheets can also give students a platform for expressing creative ideas and reaching towards higher levels of thinking. 5. Never allow boredom to set in. | <urn:uuid:ace91aab-cd01-4a99-8475-399c16f97b31> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://veganarto.net/99yQ41H2m/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.897257 | 878 | 3.109375 | 3 |
We know now that when learning is fun and exciting, the brain is actually growing many new dendrites that make connections with many other dendrites. The more connections the better. We also know now that boredom destroys dendrites. Small children quickly become bored with worksheets, especially skill and drill worksheets. Yet another reason to avoid skill and drill worksheets like the plague. Tag Cloudkg practice worksheets children\'s activity sheets free printable activities for kids kids activities free printable free activity worksheets preschool number worksheets free printable i can worksheets for kindergarten fun worksheets for kids 2nd grade math worksheets nursery homework sheets worksheets on maths sheets 4 kids learning worksheets addition worksheets fun activity printables for kids pre kindergarten worksheets printables math worksheets to print out fun classroom worksheets numeracy exercises grade 12 math worksheets printable best worksheet sites free printable activity sheets for preschoolers pre kg activities worksheets printing sheets for kindergarten maths worksheets for kids fractions math activity worksheets free printable activity sheets worksheets for kindergarten 1 classroom worksheets printable best worksheets for preschool grade one math worksheets children\'s maths worksheets free printable printable educational worksheets printing activities for kindergarten grade 4 worksheets to print printable activities for kindergarten students pre primary worksheets free printable worksheets for lkg grade 6 math worksheets free printable activities preschool worksheets maths print math problems worksheets preschool worksheets age 4 prep worksheets primary maths worksheets free printable children activity sheets free mental maths worksheets interesting worksheets free 2nd grade math worksheets | <urn:uuid:ace91aab-cd01-4a99-8475-399c16f97b31> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://veganarto.net/99yQ41H2m/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.897257 | 878 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Graham E. Fogg
A Table of Contents for Groundwater Sustainability Plans under California's Sustainable Groundwater Management Act.(2015). Addressing Nitrate in California’s Drinking Water: Executive Summary. (Darby, J., Fogg G., Howitt R., Jessoe K., Pettygrove S. G., Quinn J. F., et al., Ed. ).Addressing Nitrates in California's Drinking Water.(2012). Addressing Nitrate in California’s Drinking Water: Technical Report 4 - Nitrate Occurrence in Groundwater.(2012). Geological control of physical and chemical hydrology in California vernal pools. Wetlands. 28, 347–362.(2008). The role of perched aquifers in hydrological connectivity and biogeochemical processes in vernal pool landscapes, Central Valley, California. Hydrological Processes. 20, 1157–1175.(2005). Managing Surface Water-Groundwater to Restore Fall Flows in the Cosumnes River. ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 130(4),(2004). | <urn:uuid:25260cc4-1cdd-4bb1-9362-e7503b778c14> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/user/18/library?f%5Bauthor%5D=169&s=type&o=asc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.694658 | 229 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Come out, come out, wherever you are. Or, if you’re somewhere in lockdown, perhaps not. The pandemic has led to the disappearance of inflation — at least if you look at the official statistics. In the eurozone, prices in the year to October fell by 0.3 per cent; in the US they rose by a paltry 1.2 per cent over the same period. But was inflation merely hiding in plain sight? And if so, where? As in the past, official measures may be underestimating the degree to which prices for the average consumer are still rising. The reason being that the pandemic has upended our spending habits. But neither the index in the UK, nor indices elsewhere have been recalculated since — meaning the official measures overestimate the benefit to the average consumer of dirt-cheap plane tickets and underestimate the impact of rises in food prices. To address this, the National Institute of Social and Economic Research in the UK has created a . But how significant are the disparities globally? According to IMF published last week, they’re big. The research, which was — like to quantify “true” inflation by Harvard’s Alberto Cavallo — based on credit and debit card payments, covered eight geographical regions. It looks at the difference between a Covid-19 measure of inflation and official estimates between February and May, when first waves were upon us. In seven of the eight regions, official measures underestimated price pressures for the average consumer. Inflation’s got lost in the supermarket, with the underestimation of food costs among the the biggest contributors to the disparity — alongside the overestimation of the impact of lower transport costs. Here’s a chart which does a great job of summarising the findings:
The article is, as the author Marshall Reinsdorf acknowledges, not the last word on the topic and ought not to replace consumer price indices and other official measures. Still, given the scale of the disparities, there’s a case for a separate Covid-19 index. Via the paper:
Weight adjustments based on credit card and payments data would likely be too inaccurate and incomplete to incorporate into the official CPI, but a supplementary COVID-19 index could provide useful information on the prices being paid by consumers during the pandemic. | <urn:uuid:b7218c40-cc7c-4b0e-a755-210dc8c448c7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://wcregisteronline.com/2020/11/17/how-hidden-is-inflation-financial-times/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.955633 | 539 | 2.578125 | 3 |
There was a research done into what areas of the mind were triggered when writing at a pc against which parts were actuated when composing with a pencil and paper. The experiments showed that composing by hand actuated activity in substantially different parts of the mind that when writing in a pc. – Certainly, it is anticipated that there’ll be a difference because of the diverse muscle motor skills needed by each activity. Nonetheless, the difference was greater than what will be expected by simply the essential motor differences. The conclusion of the researchers was which we believe considerably otherwise when composing by hand than we do if using a pc. This has some significant implications for imagination. Simply by altering the way we record our ideas, we might shift the neurons which are firing within our minds. Using distinct neurons opens up the prospect of making several types of connections and institutions. This isn’t to say that changing the way you compose will suddenly just make you a genius, but it could help you achieve your full potential. As a simple exercise, try composing about a topic using a pc and after that coming back and writing about it the following day with a pencil and paper. You will find that you make some institutions that are new which you didn’t make. This is partially due to the way your mind tends to work on things subconsciously and partially because altering the way you compose causes your mind to work differently. Composers used this trick for many years when they get stuck composing music. The different tool causes them to believe about the musical problem in a distinct way. You should use a comparable approach whenever you seem like you’re afflicted by a lack of creativity. Even simple things such as working in a different place might help change your minds context in ways which might help trigger new creative thoughts. Here’s a list of several things you may do to help trigger different portions of your mind: Change Where You Work This could be as simple as moving out of these desk to these dining room table for a couple of hours, or as drastic as spending a month in a Mexican villa across these border. | <urn:uuid:f4235d76-40d3-43b9-b607-892024f023f5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://whole-brain.net/post-1157/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.965821 | 510 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Utilize a Different Tool This is much like the idea of moving from writing with the pc to writing by hand, however, it may really is done in other ways as well. Talk to a young kid or your grandparent. You might discover which these process of defining these problem for somebody outside the problem domain might help clarify a solution. Take a Break Occasionally just doing something completely unrelated may help you generate creative ideas. | <urn:uuid:f4235d76-40d3-43b9-b607-892024f023f5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://whole-brain.net/post-1157/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.965821 | 510 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Mysterious ultrabright and potent flashes of energy, more powerful than those emitted by the sun, have been spotted in the Milky Way for the first time. Known as fast radio bursts (FRB), these high-intensity emissions usually last only for a fraction of a second. FRBs were first detected in 2007 but they were too far away to clearly make out where they originated from. But the researchers say their recently-discovered radio flares are the closest FRBs identified to date and come from an astronomical object known as a magnetar, about 30,000 light years from Earth. Magnetars are a type of neutron star with a hugely powerful magnetic field – only a handful of them are thought to be present in the Milky Way. Physicists have previously speculated that magnetars might produce FRBs but there was no evidence to prove that was the case. Kiyoshi Masui, an assistant professor of physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US, who led the team that analysed the brightness of the FRBs, said: ‘There’s this great mystery as to what would produce these great outbursts of energy, which until now we’ve seen coming from halfway across the universe. ‘This is the first time we’ve been able to tie one of these exotic fast radio bursts to a single astrophysical object.’
The findings, published in three separate papers in the journal Nature, come from an international team of more than 50 researchers. The astronomers used five telescopes to pick up signals from a magnetar at the centre of the galaxy, known as SGR 1935+2154. These included two ground-based radio telescopes – the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) and the Survey for Transient Astronomical Radio Emission 2 (STARE2) – and three X-ray telescopes, including European Space Agency’s INTEGRAL space telescope. The researchers said they first observed X-ray bursts from the magnetar, which were then followed by brief but brilliant radio flares within several milliseconds of each other. Based on the intensity of the FRB flashes, the astronomers were able to measure the brightness of the magnetar. | <urn:uuid:cf729d28-b47d-4c5c-8c10-1819eed610a8> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://wighthosting.info/mysterious-ultra-bright-flash-of-energy-detected-in-milky-way-for-the-first-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.959799 | 710 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Christopher Bochenek, an astrophysicist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, US, who is part of the team looking at data from the STARE2 telecsope, said: ‘In about one millisecond, this magnetar has emitted about as much energy in radio waves as the sun does in 30 seconds.’
However, questions still remain as to how magnetars produce FRBs. Prof Masui said: ‘We’re trying to piece together what it all means. ‘We’ve got our eyes open for other magnetars, but the big thing now is to study this one source and really drill down to see what it tells us about how FRBs are made.’
Magnetars are extremely dense, spinning remnants of exploding stars and are surrounded by extremely powerful magnetic fields. They occasionally release radiation in the form of gamma and X-rays – as they decay. FRBs would need all the energy released by our Sun over eight decades to form. Connecting them to magnetars has been challenging to establish. Co-author Dr Paul Scholz, of Toronto University, said the finding needs to be confirmed in other FRB observations. | <urn:uuid:cf729d28-b47d-4c5c-8c10-1819eed610a8> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://wighthosting.info/mysterious-ultra-bright-flash-of-energy-detected-in-milky-way-for-the-first-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.959799 | 710 | 3.640625 | 4 |
The UK will play a critical role in building ‘The Claw’, the first satellite to remove space junk. It’s estimated there are around 160 million items of space junk currently orbiting the planet. These pieces of debris present a danger to future missions and human presence in space. Planned for 2025, Clearspace-1 – known as The Claw – is the first space mission dedicated to removing an existing object in orbit. It’s a significant first step towards a cleaner space environment. The Claw will use a pincer motion to collect debris, before giving it a controlled re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere, allowing it to decompose safely and away from life. Aerospace and defence company Elecnor Deimos in the UK will design Clearspace-1’s Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) which will orientate and position the satellite to help grab the space junk, using power generators, thrusters and antennas. For fourteen billion years, between the big bang and the autumn of 1957, space was pristine. But since that autumn humans have placed almost 10,000 satellites into the sky, the vast majority of which are now defunct or destroyed. This debris comes in all different shapes and sizes, from spent rocket bodies to a camera and a spatula dropped by an astronaut. Science Minister Amanda Solloway said: ‘From broadband to tracking climate change, satellites have immeasurable benefits on all of our lives. ‘But as many of them break into space debris, it’s vital that we take a global leadership role in preventing them from becoming space hazards. ‘We plan to be at the forefront of efforts to track and remove this junk, and I am delighted that technology supporting this pioneering ambition is going to be made right here in Britain.’
Earlier this year the UK Space Agency announced a number of new investments, funded through its space surveillance and tracking (SST) programme. They are designed to supercharge the UK’s capabilities to track this junk and monitor the risks of potentially dangerous collisions with satellites or even the crewed International Space Station. In 2018, 186 miles above the earth, a British satellite, run by removeDEBRIS, successfully deployed a net in orbit to demonstrate how to capture space debris. The demonstration, using a small object sent out by the satellite, formed part of a mission to test techniques to clear up space junk. | <urn:uuid:4ffe50ce-4184-457c-8f65-58e0bd67d440> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://wighthosting.info/the-claw-is-the-first-satellite-to-clean-up-space-junk-orbiting-earth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.926022 | 749 | 3.53125 | 4 |
The mission was equipped with vision-based navigation (VBN) technology, which essentially tells a pursuing spacecraft how its target is behaving – how it is moving and even tumbling. Ismael Lopez, chief executive of Elecnor Deimos Group, said: ‘Clearspace-1 is the confirmation of our role as a key guidance, navigation and control systems provider in Europe. ‘This is a very innovative mission and we are thrilled that the expertise and capacity across our companies match the technology challenges required.’
After the Clearspace mission concept was approved by the European Space Agency (ESA) last year, ClearSpace, a Swiss start-up with expertise in space debris in robotics, began co-ordinating the mission and brought together a consortium of expertise, including Elecnor Deimos. The AOCS will be integrated in the overall satellite autopilot – the guidance, navigation and control system being developed by the company in Portugal, together with other German and Portuguese entities. ‘This consortium will also perform tests to support ClearSpace in the assembly, testing and operation of the mission.’ | <urn:uuid:4ffe50ce-4184-457c-8f65-58e0bd67d440> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://wighthosting.info/the-claw-is-the-first-satellite-to-clean-up-space-junk-orbiting-earth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.926022 | 749 | 3.53125 | 4 |
National Interpreter Certification
National interpreter certification is a program of the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, a national membership organization for professional interpreters. The Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, or RID, certifies interpreters who successfully complete the organization’s certification process. The national interpretation certification process includes several forms of testing and observation to assess candidates’ knowledge and skills in different aspects of professional interpretation for the deaf. Interpreters who meet the eligibility requirements may apply to begin the process. Interpreters for the Deaf
The role of the interpreter for the deaf is to help people who are deaf or hard of hearing communicate with hearing people. Interpreters also help the deaf and hard of hearing participate more fully in events and activities designed for hearing people. Interpreters perform their services at special events, in legal or other important meetings and at entertainment venues. Interpreters may be permanent employees of an organization or they may be independent contractors hired for specific services. Certification ensures that an interpreter for the deaf has the necessary education and training to perform the service, and also operates under the professional and ethical standards adopted by the certifying agency. National Interpreter Certification
The National Association for the Deaf partners with RID to offer national interpreter certification, or NIC. The NIC certification process tests competency in three areas: general interpreting knowledge, ethical decision-making and interpreting skills. Candidates must demonstrate knowledge and skills that meet or exceed the minimum professional standards set by RID. The Registry provides the NIC Candidate Handbook, which is available for download on the RID website, and recommends that certification candidates read the entire publication. Candidates for RID’s national interpreter certification must be at least 18 years old. The educational requirement for hearing candidates is at least a bachelor’s degree in any field and for deaf candidates at least an associate degree in any field. You may qualify under alternate educational requirements by submitting a RID-approved Educational Equivalency Application. The Alternate Pathway requirements, which differ for hearing and deaf candidates, award points for interpreting experience, college classes and professional development. Educational requirements must be documented in your online RID account before you can take the certification examinations. The NIC Knowledge Test is a written test that includes 150 multiple-choice questions. | <urn:uuid:e84c8b4e-d4cc-434f-b698-3254369b8b5c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://work.chron.com/national-interpreter-certification-12042.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.889386 | 879 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The questions relate to 10 critical tasks, including assessing the purpose of the interpretation assignment, cultural sensitivity, facilitating communication flow while monitoring participant understanding and understanding of American Sign Language and the use of English to translate an equivalent message. Candidates use a computer and recorded videos to take the Interview and Performance Exam. The exam includes seven vignettes that present problems in the areas of interview, ethical and interpreting performance. Candidates respond as instructed, such as in ASL for ethical intervention responses, and demonstrate their knowledge and skills. Candidates apply to take the examinations by mailing the applications and fees to RID’s national office or by submitting the applications online, which requires creating an online account on the RID website. The applications are provided on the RID website. Candidates who pass the Knowledge Examination move on the NIC Interview and Performance Examination. If you don’t take and pass both exams within a five-year period, RID requires you to start the certification process over. The RID website includes a listing of test sites and downloadable study materials, such as a study package, written test sample and an NIC Interview and Performance Practice DVD. - Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf: About RID Overview
- Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf: Practice of Interpreting
- Registries of Interpreters for the Deaf: NIC Certification
- Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf: Educational Requirements
- Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf: NIC (National Interpreter Certification)
- Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf: NIC Certification Handbook
- Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf: NAD-RID National Interpreter Certification Knowledge Exam Computer-Based Test (NIC CBT)
- Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf: NAD-RID National Interpreter Certification (NIC)
- National Association of the Deaf
- Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:e84c8b4e-d4cc-434f-b698-3254369b8b5c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://work.chron.com/national-interpreter-certification-12042.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.889386 | 879 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Tale of Troy or Iliad - The Story Behind the Trojan War
Tale of Troy or Iliad - The Story Behind the Trojan War During the time when gods were petty and cruel, three of the leading goddesses had a contest to determine who was most beautiful. They contended for the prize of Eris golden apple, an apple no less dangerous than the one in the story of Snow White, despite its lack of consumable poison. To make the contest objective, the goddesses hired a human judge, Paris (also called Alexander), son of the Eastern potentate, Priam of Troy. Since Paris was to be paid according to the largesse of the winner, the contest was really to see who provided the most attractive incentive. Aphrodite won hands down, but the prize she offered was the wife of another man. Paris, after seducing Helen while a guest in the palace of her husband, King Menelaus of Sparta, went blithely on his way back to Troy with Helen. This abduction and violation of all rules of hospitality launched 1000 (Greek) ships to bring Helen back to Menelaus. Meanwhile, King Agamemnon of Mycenae, summoned the tribal kings from all over Greece to come to the aid of his cuckolded brother. Two of his best men one a strategist and the other a great warrior were Odysseus (aka Ulysses) of Ithaca, who would later come up with the idea of the Trojan Horse, and Achilles of Phthia, who may have married Helen in the Afterlife. Neither of these men wanted to join the fray; so they each devised a draft-dodging ruse worthy of M.A.S.H.s Klinger. Odysseus feigned madness by plowing his field destructively, perhaps with mismatched draft animals, perhaps with salt (a powerful destructive agent used according to legend at least one other time by the Romans on Carthage). Agamemnons messenger placed Telemachus, Odysseus infant son, on the path of the plough. When Odysseus swerved to avoid killing him, he was recognized as sane. Achilles with blame for cowardice conveniently laid at the feet of his mother, Thetis was made to look like and live with the maidens. Odysseus tricked him with the lure of a peddlers bag of trinkets. All the other maidens reached for the ornaments, but Achilles grabbed the sword stuck in their midst. | <urn:uuid:3510eced-ff80-4d61-9ca7-c52602763808> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://writingacademicessay867.blogspot.com/2019/11/tale-of-troy-or-iliad-story-behind.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.977381 | 1,790 | 3.078125 | 3 |
The Greek (Achaean) leaders met together at Aulis where they awaited Agamemnons command to set sail. When an inordinate amount of time had passed and the winds still remained unfavorable, Agamemnon sought the services of Calchas the seer. Calchas told him that Artemis was angry with Agamemnon perhaps because he had promised her his finest sheep as a sacrifice to the goddess, but when the time came to sacrifice a golden sheep, he had, instead, substituted an ordinary one and to appease her, Agamemnon must sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia .... Upon the death of Iphigenia, the winds became favorable and the fleet set sail. Ã Trojan War FAQs [Summary: The head of the Greek forces was the proud king Agamemnon. He had killed his own daughter, Iphigenia, in order to appease the goddess Artemis (big sister of Apollo, and one of the children of Zeus and Leto), who was angry with Agamemnon and so, had stalled the Greek forces on the coast, at Aulis. In order to set sail for Troy they needed a favorable wind, but Artemis ensured the winds would fail to cooperate until Agamemnon had satisfied her by performing the required sacrifice of his own daughter. Once Artemis was satisfied, the Greeks set sail for Troy where to fight the Trojan War.] Agamemnon did not stay in the good graces of either of the children of Leto for long. He soon incurred the wrath of her son, Apollo. In revenge, Apollo the mouse god caused an outbreak of plague to lay the troops low. Agamemnon and Achilles had received the young women Chryseis and Briseis as prizes of war or war brides. Chryseis was the daughter of Chryses, who was a priest of Apollo. Chryses wanted his daughter back and even offered a ransom, but Agamemnon refused. Calchas the seer advised Agamemnon on the connection between his behavior toward the priest of Apollo and the plague that was decimating his army. Agamemnon had to return Chryseis to the priest of Apollo if he wanted the plague to end. After much Greek suffering, Agamemnon agreed to the recommendation of Calchas the seer, but only on condition that he take possession of the war prize of Achilles Briseis as a replacement. A minor point to think about: When Agamemnon had sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia, he hadnt required his fellow Greek aristocrats to give him a new daughter. | <urn:uuid:3510eced-ff80-4d61-9ca7-c52602763808> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://writingacademicessay867.blogspot.com/2019/11/tale-of-troy-or-iliad-story-behind.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.977381 | 1,790 | 3.078125 | 3 |
No one could stop Agamemnon. Achilles was enraged. The honor of the leader of the Greeks, Agamemnon, had been assuaged, but what about the honor of the greatest of the Greek heroes Achilles? Following the dictates of his own conscience, Achilles could no longer cooperate, so he withdrew his troops (the Myrmidons) and sat on the sidelines. With the help of fickle gods, the Trojans began to inflict heavy personal damages on the Greeks, as Achilles and the Myrmidons sat on the sidelines. Patroclus, Achilles friend (or lover), persuaded Achilles that his Myrmidons would make the difference in the battle, so Achilles let Patroclus take his men as well as Achilles personal armor so that Patroclus would appear to be Achilles in the battlefield. It worked, but since Patroclus was not so great a warrior as Achilles, Prince Hector, the noble son of Trojan King Priam, struck Patroclus down. What even Patroclus words had failed to do, Hector accomplished. The death of Patroclus spurred Achilles into action and armed with a new shield forged by Hephaestus, the blacksmith of the gods (as a favor for Achilles sea goddess mother Thetis) Achilles went into battle. Achilles soon avenged himself. After killing Hector, he tied the body to the back of his war chariot, The grief-maddened Achilles then dragged Hectors corpse through the sand and dirt for days. In time, Achilles calmed down and returned the corpse of Hector to his grieving father. In a later battle, Achilles was killed by an arrow to the one part of his body Thetis had held when she had dipped the baby Achilles into the River Styx to confer immortality. With Achilles death, the Greeks lost their greatest fighter, but they still had their best weapon. [Summary: The greatest of the Greek heroes Achilles was dead. The 10-year Trojan War, which had begun when the Greeks set sail to retrieve Menelaus wife, Helen, form the Trojans, was at a stalemate.] Crafty Odysseus devised a plan that ultimately doomed the Trojans. Sending all the Greek ships away or into hiding, it appeared to the Trojans that the Greeks had given up. The Greeks left a parting gift in front of the walls of the city of Troy. it was a giant wooden horse which appeared to be an offering to Athena a peace offering. | <urn:uuid:3510eced-ff80-4d61-9ca7-c52602763808> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://writingacademicessay867.blogspot.com/2019/11/tale-of-troy-or-iliad-story-behind.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.977381 | 1,790 | 3.078125 | 3 |
The jubilant Trojans dragged the monstrous, wheeled, wooden horse into their city to celebrate the end of the 10 years of fighting. Who Really Built the Trojan Horse?What Is the Trojan Horse? But beware of Greeks bearing gifts! Having won the war, the filicidal King Agamemnon went back to his wife for the reward he so richly deserved. Ajax, who had lost out to Odysseus in the contest for Achilles arms, went crazy and killed himself. Odysseus set out on the voyage (Homer, according to tradition, tells in The Odyssey, which is the sequel to The Iliad) that made him more famous than his help with Troy. And Aphrodites son, the Trojan hero Aeneas, set out from his burning homeland carrying his father on his shoulders on his way to Dido, in Carthage, and, finally, to the land that was to become Rome. Were Helen and Menelaus reconciled? According to Odysseus they were, but thats part of a future story. | <urn:uuid:3510eced-ff80-4d61-9ca7-c52602763808> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://writingacademicessay867.blogspot.com/2019/11/tale-of-troy-or-iliad-story-behind.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.977381 | 1,790 | 3.078125 | 3 |
A recent report has revealed that there are many US weapons systems that are susceptible to hackers. This news is disturbing on many levels, including the attitude exhibited by Department of Defense officials. What does the report reveal, and how serious is the threat? The US Government Accountability Office (GAO) just released a report that reveals that almost all weapons that were tested by the Department of Defense (DoD) between 2012 and 2017 have serious vulnerabilities that make them very open to cyber attack. These vulnerabilities have been labeled mission critical, which makes this news all the more serious. The report had been requested by the Senate Armed Services Committee in connection with expected DoD spending in excess of $1 trillion in order to develop weapons systems. Examples of Weaknesses Detected
The vulnerabilities were discovered by penetration tests performed by employees of the DoD. In one example, a penetration tester was able to partially shut down a weapons systems by merely scanning it. In another test, it only took nine seconds for DoD testers to guess the admin level password on a weapons system. Failure to make changes to default passwords connected with open source third-party software installed on systems resulted in several instances of vulnerability. Those performing these tests were not making any efforts to hide their presence, but the systems they tested had a difficult time detecting their presence. These systems should have been able to detect the presence of intruders and alert those in charge. A few of the automated systems did detect the presence of the penetration testers and alerted those monitoring the systems. However, in an even more disturbing turn, the individuals monitoring the systems didn’t seem to understand what the intrusion alert meant and thus did not take any action. Failure to Take Basic Cybersecurity Precautions
What makes this report distressing is that many of these potential open doors exist in part because of a failure to follow basic cybersecurity rules. Guidelines such as the use of encryption, robust passwords, and basic employee training are foundational to a security system. Because such guidelines have been neglected, hackers equipped with even simple techniques and tools would be able to not only take control of key systems associated with these weapons but do so almost undetected. What could a skilled hacker with the latest tools accomplish inside such a poorly secured system? | <urn:uuid:2e14ee22-7234-491e-8203-c49208658281> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.1access.com/us-weapons-systems-weak-to-cyberattacks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.975137 | 970 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Is There a Valid Reason for the Lack of Concern? The subtitle of this GAO report was “DoD Just Beginning to Grapple with Scale of Vulnerabilities.” Surprisingly, those in charge of such systems do not seem very concerned about these susceptibilities, perhaps because they feel the GAO is exaggerating the seriousness of the problems discovered. For example, the report does remind readers that some of the findings may no longer be a problem once a system is deployed in the field. In addition, these officials have indicated that in the past they believe the systems were well-secured. The authors of the report, however, strongly imply that there’s a disconnect between what these officials may believe and what the reality is. Another possible cause of the DoD’s lack of concern is the belief that the types of tests that were run would be practically impossible for any system to pass. The GAO, however, insists that the tests were not extreme and represented realistic threats to these critical systems. The DoD may also be resting on its laurels: it received praise last year for a bug-bounty program that led to many different bugs being patched. On the other hand, the GAO report points out that only one of 20 vulnerabilities discovered in previous risk assessments had been fixed by the time the report was written. Implications of the Report
One of the implications of the report is that a number of US weapons systems could be susceptible to a disabling cyber attack. Considering that so many adversaries of the United States have established reputations for extremely talented hackers, this is all the more disconcerting. And hackers are not subject to the same constraints as DoD penetration testers. Malicious actors may well have access to funding, state-of-the-art equipment, and would intentionally keep their activities hidden. Another implication of the GAO report is that their testing merely revealed the proverbial “tip of the iceberg” when it comes to vulnerabilities that exist in US weapons systems. The penetration tests performed were far from exhaustive. For example, categories that were not tested included potential weaknesses related to counterfeit parts or industrial control systems. The incidence of cyber attacks are on the rise, and the techniques and tools available to malicious actors are continuously evolving. It makes sense that the security of a nation’s existing weapons systems should be a very high priority. | <urn:uuid:2e14ee22-7234-491e-8203-c49208658281> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.1access.com/us-weapons-systems-weak-to-cyberattacks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.975137 | 970 | 2.6875 | 3 |
If you’re a very stringent shopper, or if you are very careful about choosing the types of food you feed to your family, then you’ve probably come across the term “GMO” – genetically modified organisms. Chances are you’ve seen labels of foods with the caption “GMO-Free” or “No GMOs.” Or you might have seen news reports about GMO labeling initiatives in different states around the country. But what exactly are GMOs? Where do they come from, and what are they doing in our food supply? In a nutshell, GMOs are a product of genetic engineering, meaning their genetic makeup has been altered to induce a variety of “unique” traits to crops, such as making them drought-resistant or giving them “more nutrients.” Currently, up to 85 percent of U.S. corn, 91 percent of soybeans, and 88 percent of cotton are genetically modified. It is also estimated that at least 80 percent of processed foods now contain genetically engineered ingredients. GMO proponents claim that genetic engineering is “safe and beneficial,” and that it advances the agricultural industry. They also say that GMOs help ensure the global food supply and sustainability. Resource: Ultimate GMO Guide PDF
We would like to share with you the real story behind genetic engineering, which is why Dr. Joseph Mercola created this e-book, The Ultimate Guide to GMOs. Here, you will:
- Learn the history of GMOs and how the practice of genetic engineering started
- Discover which crops and “supermarket fares” are commonly genetically engineered today
- The myths and truths about GMOs – and its potentially damaging effects on the economy, the environment, and your health
- The importance of GMO labeling – and why big biotech companies are strongly opposing it
“I believe this is your best resource if you want to know more about GMOs. If you truly value your and your family’s health, I suggest you read this now – it will help educate you on the reality that is genetic engineering and why you should be wary of GMOs at all times.” – Dr. Joseph Mercola | <urn:uuid:e8e2fc3b-8a68-4aa1-b989-a95fe7be6a5d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.aandawellness.com/ultimate-gmo-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.955835 | 449 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Although Australia is one of the most beautiful countries on earth, it’s a common misconception that it is infinitely sunny and warm year-round. The reality is that most parts of Australia are just as seasonal as the rest of the world, however, the warmest region, or most “frequently warm” region is the outback stretch from Uluru to Darwin, otherwise known as the Northern Territory. The NT is probably the only state in which many Australian stereotypes and legends are actually real. Kangaroos are seen hopping down the street, koalas hang around in Coolabah trees that often shade locals’ backyards, and there is a hell of a lot of red dirt. But in a region that expands to over a thousand miles of sparsity, not everything you hear about this place can be true, surely. Here are some of Australia’s Northern territories most outrageous myths, busted once and for all:
Myth 1: The landscape is red, sparse and barren throughout the whole of the Top End. Fact: The terrain of the NT is in fact so diverse that you can witness wetlands, gorges, ranges, rivers and sandstone escarpments, all within a 3-hour drive outside of your Darwin Hostel. Heading south of the Katherine Gorge you’ll even find a tropical oasis known as Mataranka Thermal Springs and of course, the “Red Centre” title is reserved for a large treat right at the bottom of the state. Mary River Wetlands is a landscape of lily pads and lake surfaces so smooth you can almost photograph your reflection. And don’t forget, some of Australia’s best waterfalls cascade over waterholes deep in Australia’s NT, including Florence Falls and Wangi Falls, which can all be visited on a tour out of Darwin. Myth 2: All NT wildlife and insects are dangerous and deadly
Fact: During a trip to the NT, you’ll be welcomed by cuddly natives such as kangaroos (which really do hop down the streets here) possums and sugar gliders. You’ll also spot weird looking, but completely harmless creatures like frilled-neck lizards and moloch horridus (the thorny devil). And as for the insects… yes, Australia may be the home of the world’s most lethally venomous spiders, but they don’t all hang out in the NT. In fact, Australia’s single most deadly spider chooses to reside only in a 100km zone of SYDNEY. | <urn:uuid:67daf957-0666-41e6-b907-6a9528a664da> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.adventuretours.com.au/australia-outback-yarns/6-outrageous-myths-and-legends-about-australias-northern-territory/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.940411 | 1,088 | 2.71875 | 3 |
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