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Official Language Of Turkey
Under the Constitution of Turkey: Article 42, the Turkish language is established as the official language of the country. The language is also the most spoken in the country. More than 30 ethnic languages exist in Turkey, but only small numbers of people speak a few of the ethnic languages. With the dominance of the Turkish language, other languages are regarded to as minority languages. Languages within Turkey can be divided into various groups depending on their origin, the number of speakers and the nature of the language. The common divisions are the ethnic languages, immigrant, foreign, and sign language. These languages are under the influence of the ancient and modern interactions between local Turks and foreigners during the various phases of Turkish history. Ethnic Languages Of Turkey
Turkey is an ethnically diverse country with different ethnic languages spoken in the country. The common ethnic languages spoken in Turkey are Turkish, Kurmanji, Arabic and Zazaki. Other ethnic languages have very few speakers including Turkish dialects, Balkan, Laz, Armenian and Circassian languages. Turkish is the most widely spoken ethnic language with more than 70% of users. The use of Turkish as the official language and educational language has contributed to its wide growth. The widespread use of Turkish language has negatively affected other ethnic languages by reducing their active use in daily interactions. Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) is the most widely spoken ethnic minority language. The language consists of five major dialects: northwestern Anatolian, southern, Serhed, and southwestern Kurmanji. The Arabic community of Turkey uses Arabic as their mother tongue especially the Mesopotamian Arabic dialect. Arabic has also been introduced as an elective mother tongue language in the Turkish curriculum. Spoken by the Zaza ethnic community is the Zazaki language, which has a close relationship with Kurdish. The language has more than 1 million speakers. The language has three major dialects influenced by the traditional homelands of the Zaza in the Caspian Sea and northern Iran. Immigrant Languages Spoken In Turkey
Modern immigration and settlement patterns in Turkey have led to the introduction of ethnic languages spoken by the immigrants. The most spoken immigrant languages in Turkey include Crimean, Georgian, Kabardian, Bosnian, Albanian, Adyghe, and Tatar. Foreign Languages Spoken In Turkey
Interactions with the western world and foreigners have led to the development of foreign languages in Turkey.
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Changing times and modern interactions also necessitate the growth of these languages. English, German, and French are the common foreign languages used in Turkey. English has a wider coverage among foreign languages. The languages are taught in Turkish schools as elective courses along with other foreign languages like Italian. Despite the use of foreign languages in education, the efficiency of Turks to communicate in foreign languages is low. Sign Languages Of Turkey
With more than 50,000 Turkish citizens with hearing impairments, sign languages have developed in the country. Turkey has two main sign languages, the Mardin sign language, and the Turkish sign language. Mardin is an old sign language that originated in the town of Mardin. Only the older people mostly in villages use the language. More users have adopted the Turkish sign language that probably developed from the Ottoman sign language. It is the most commonly used language by the deaf community in Turkey. Impact Of Language In Turkey
The use of various languages has had its effects on Turkey. The vast use of Turkish has, for example, led to the reduced use of local ethnic languages. This reduction in usage threatens the continuity of languages as very few people (especially the older generation) communicate in the language. The introduction of foreign language in the curriculum puts the country in a better position when relating with foreign organizations and nations.
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| 0.956431 | 761 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Blame, culpability, guilt, fault are comparable when they mean responsibility for misdeed or delinquency. Blame is a term of shifting denotations, sometimes meaning the reprehension, criticism, or censure of those who find fault or judge one’s work or acts or sometimes a charge or accusation of some fault, misdeed, or delinquency. When the term denotes responsibility for wrongdoing or delinquency, it also implies the meriting of reproof, censure, or the appropriate penalty. Often the term means ultimate rather than immediate responsibility. Culpability usually means little more or no more than the fact or the state of being responsible for an act or condition that may be described as wrong, harmful, or injurious. Guilt usually carries an implication of a connection with misdeeds of a grave or serious character from the moral and social points of view. Also it usually implies a deserving of severe punishment (as condemnation, loss of freedom, or, in the case of sin, loss of salvation) or of a definite legal penalty (as a fine, imprisonment, or death). Therefore, when the term denotes responsibility for a crime or sin, it also carries implications of need of proof before punishment can be determined or forgiveness granted. Fault (see also FAULT 2) is often used in place of culpability as a simpler word.
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How and where, in the human brain, are memories stored? Background: I am a computer programmer who is fascinated by artificial intelligence and artificial neural networks, and I am becoming more curious about how biological neural networks work. Context & what I think I understand: In digesting all I have been reading, I am beginning to understand that there are layers to neural networks. A front-line layer of neurons may receive, for example, a visual stimulus such as a bright light. That stimulus is taken in by the front-line neurons, each of which produce a weighted electro-chemical response that results in a binary decision to pass an electrical charge through its axon to the dendrites of the tens of thousands of neurons to which it is connected.This process repeats through layers channeling the electrical signals and focusing them based on their permutations until ultimately a charge is passed to a focused response mechanism such as the nerves that control shrinking of the pupils.Hopefully I got that correct. Preamble to the question: Assuming that I am not completely off-base with my basic understanding of how a biological neural network operates, I am beginning to grasp how an input (stimulus) results in an output (response) such as motor movement or reflexes. That would just seem to be basic electricity of open and closed circuits. HOWEVER, what confuzzles me still is how a memory is stored. The analogy to an electrical circuit breaks down here, for in a circuit I can't really stop the flow of electrons unless I dam up said electrons in a capacitor. If I do that, once the electrons are released (accessed), they are gone forever whereas a memory endures. So. . .How the heck are memories constructed and stored in the human brain? Are they stored in a specific region? If so, where?
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Kidneys – they don’t need to roll any stones
by Tammera J Karr, PhD, BCHN, BCIH
Over the years, the one health challenge that motivates the most to implement immediate dietary changes is kidney stones. No one wants to live through the pain of passing stones a second time. While many have experienced the pain of kidney stones, some may not realize the potential for death by ignoring their kidneys. This is most often the case for women who put off drinking adequate water to maintain kidney health; individual’s such as teachers, nurses, and law enforcement rank at the top of the list for severing kidney health risks. This was personally brought to my attention when a colleague of mine, had a kidney stone obstruct one of their kidneys, which lead to a life-threatening infection. However, adults are not the only ones at risk, the likelihood of kidney stones developing in adolescents is escalating in America. Keeping your kidneys stone free involves more than urinating on a regular basis and drinking liquids. Today one of the leading causes of kidney stones is soda-pop and various other favorite drinks. In a study summary from January 14, 2016 – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, states some alarming statistics regarding the growing prevalence of kidney stones in children. “Kidney stones are increasing, particularly among adolescents, females, and African-Americans in the US, a striking change from the historical pattern in which middle-aged white men were at highest risk for the painful condition. A worrisome aspect of this trend is that there is limited evidence on how to best treat children for kidney stones.”
“These trends of increased frequency of kidney stones among adolescents, particularly females, are also concerning when you consider that kidney stones are associated with a higher risk of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular and bone disease, particularly among young women.”
“Drawing on state medical records, the study team analyzed data from nearly 153,000 child and adult kidney stone patients from a total population of 4.6 million. Overall, the annual incidence of kidney stones increased 16 percent between 1997 and 2012. The greatest rates of increase were among adolescents (4.7 percent per year), females (3 percent per year), and African-Americans (2.9 percent per year).
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Between 1997 and 2012 the risk of kidney stones doubled during childhood for both boys and girls while there was a 45 percent increase in the lifetime risk for women.”
“The highest rate of increase in kidney stones was among adolescent females, and in any given year, stones were more common among females than males aged 10 to 24 years. After age 25, kidney stones became more common among men.”
So how has the increase in kidney disease come about? Primarily because local schools are now filled with, processed foods and vending machines filled with soda pop. Without even knowing it our schools and the health of our children has been sold-out to big food. Roadways to and from schools are the preferred locations for fast food franchises and markets. Here is a little history of how this started. [In 1970, Congress amended the Child Nutrition Act to permit the secretary of agriculture to regulate “competitive foods”—foods and beverages sold in competition with the National School Lunch Program and National School Breakfast Program. Schools sell competitive foods in cafeterias, vending machines, and other locations to expand the range of food choices and generate revenue. Under regulations promulgated by the secretary of agriculture, sales of competitive foods are permitted at meal times at the discretion of state and local authorities, if all sales revenue accrues to the benefit of the school, and state and local authorities prohibit the sale of “foods of minimal nutritional value” in the food service areas during meal periods. The latter condition, coupled with the secretary’s designation of “soda water” and certain sweets as foods of minimal nutritional value, prompted a legal challenge in 1983 by the National Soft Drink Association.] In 2003, Arkansas became the first state to ban student-accessible vending machines in elementary schools. This is a result of the Framingham study, which has tracked obesity, heart disease and diabetes in rural populations for over 20 years. While I may not agree with all the information in this study, the information on childhood obesity is difficult to ignore. Soda pop due to its content of phosphorus and citric acid, change the chemical balance within the kidneys, this allows minerals commonly suspended in our blood to separate out and begin collecting and forming gravel and stones.
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Some kidney stones are high in uric acid content, this results in an illness known as gout; gout has been considered a rich man’s illness because of the high levels of refined foods historically found in the diet of the affluent. Currently, the CDC using data from 2008, estimates there are more than 20 million people chronic kidney disease, of varying levels of seriousness in the United States. With the information presented in the 2014 study by the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, the CDC estimates are grossly underestimated. The continuation of the current western diet in America costs a heavy toll in the pandemic of type 2 diabetes, soon to be followed by kidney disease. Isn’t it time we take control of our foods and those being fed to our children once more? Voting with your fork does make a difference; big food cannot afford to lose our money.
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Introduction to Public Health
The first time an influenza virus was found to be transmitted directly from birds to people, with infections linked to exposure to poultry markets. Six people in Hong Kong died. This virus was different because it moved directly from chickens to people, rather than having been altered by infecting pigs as an intermediate host. In addition, many of the most severe illnesses occurred in young adults similar to illnesses caused by the 1918 Spanish flu virus. Law firms will lead the pack, with 30% expecting to add staff. Paralegals with four to six years' experience are in particular demand, as are attorneys who specialize in "lucrative areas like litigation, health care, bankruptcy, and foreclosure law," the report says. - Key public health terms
- Historical developments from four public health perspectives
- Determinants of health and their effects on population health
These slide sets are in the public domain and may be downloaded and customized as needed by the user for informational or educational purposes. Permission from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is not required, but citation of the source is appreciated. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Introduction to Public Health. In: Public Health 101 Series. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2014. Available at: 智能家居开放与标准化倡议出台. - 北京将出新规 五大类家具材种不能随意标注
- Introduction to Public Health Course on CDC TRAINExternal
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As in Lisbon the earthquake and the subsequent tsunami in 1755 destroyed most buildings in the Algarve, so that you will find hardly any evidence of the building from the centuries before this catastrophic event. During many strolls through the Algarvian cities and villages we have however found some architectural jewels that we would like to share with you. Some of the most beautiful churches, convents and cathedrals in the Algarve
The little chapel Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe near Raposeira is one of the few monuments that survived the earthquake of 1755 almost untouched. It is said to be one of the oldest examples of Gothic architecture in the Algarve. Only specific parts of most sacred monuments such as portals or belfries have been preserved. Our gallery depicts some of the finest cathedrals, churches and convents throughout the Algarve. The Manueline style or Portuguese late Gothic is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century
The Manueline style is named after King Manuel I, whose reign (1495 to 1521) coincided with its development, incorporating maritime elements and representations of the discoveries brought from the voyages of Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral. The influence of the style, however, outlived the king. Celebrating the new maritime power, it manifested itself in architecture (churches, monasteries, palaces, castles) and extended into other arts such as sculpture, painting, works of art made of precious metals, faience and furniture. This innovative style synthesizes aspects of Late Gothic architecture with influences of Spanish, Italian, and Flemish elements. It marks the transition from Late Gothic to Renaissance. The construction of churches and monasteries in Manueline style was largely financed by proceeds of the lucrative spice trade with Africa and India. In the Algarve elements of Manueline style can be observed at several places. Town houses of the recent centuries
Several cities such as Faro, Lagos, Loulé, Olhão, Portimão, Silves and Tavira have maintained a remarkable architectural heritage from the last centuries. We would like to show you some of the finest town houses we have found when strolling through the streets and lanes. Vila Real de Santo António
The centre of Vila de Real de Santo António is well known for its special structure
Its predecessor was just a small fishing village at the mouth of the Guadiana River, called Santo António de Avenilha.
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The village was completely destroyed by the earthquake and tsunami of 1755. Shortly after, the Prime Minister Pombal decided to build a new village as a demonstration of power towards Spain. The techniques used had already successfully been applied in the reconstruction of Lisbon, which had also been damaged by the earthquake. In record time, i.e. in just five months a city, structured like a chess board, was born. The square in the centre, Praça do Marquês de Pombal, is surrounded by a line of houses built in the same uniform style. An architectural heritage from the Moorish period
“Açoteia” is a terrace on top of a building, replacing the roof. These are particularly common in Algarve houses and can have multiple uses, from collecting rain water to drying out fruit or use as a recreational space. In the town of Olhão there are many such terraces. It was the Arabs who introduced this architectural feature.
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Obese individuals are more likely to be hospitalized for COVID-19, according to new findings published in Circulation. Obesity was also linked to higher rates of in-hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation. The analysis included data from the American Heart Association’s COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry. More than 7,500 patients from 88 different U.S. hospitals were included in the study. When categorizing individuals by their BMI, normal weight was defined as a BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2. Overweight was defined as a BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m2, class 1 obesity was a BMI of 30-34.9 kg/m2, class II obesity was a BMI of 35-39.9 kg/m2 and class III obesity was a BMI of more than 40 kg/m2. After making adjustments, a high BMI was also linked to dialysis initiation and venous thromboembolism. The team also noted that, looking at unadjusted models, overweight and obese patients were at a lower risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). Once making adjustments, however, “there was no association between obesity classes and MACE.”
“These observations support rigorous adherence to COVID-19 prevention strategies in obese individuals of all ages,” wrote lead author Nicholas S. Hendren, MD, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, and colleagues. “Clear public health messaging is needed for younger obese individuals who may underestimate their risk of severe COVID-19.”
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Red-tailed hawks are native only to the Nearctic region. They are found throughout the United States and Canada, and into Mexico and Central America. Many birds are year round occupants although the birds of the far north migrate south during the fall to escape the harsh winter. Red-tailed hawks inhabit a wide range of habitats over a wide range of altitudes. These habitats are typically open areas with scattered, elevated perches, and include scrub desert, plains and montane grasslands, agricultural fields, pastures, urban parks, patchy coniferous and deciduous woodlands, and tropical rainforests. Red-tailed hawks prefer to build their nests at the edge of forests, in wooded fence rows, or in large trees surrounded by open areas. (Preston and Beane, 1993)
Red-tailed hawks are 48 to 65 centimeters in length. Their wingspan is approximately 4 feet, or 122 centimeters. Females and males are similar in appearance, but females are 25% larger than males. This kind of sexual dimorphism, where females are larger than males, is common in birds of prey. Mass is reported from 795 to 1224 grams, with mass varying by sex, season, and geographically. Red-tailed hawks range from light auburn to deep brown in color. Their underbelly is lighter than the rest of the body, with a dark band across it. The cere (the soft skin at the base of the beak), the legs and the feet are all yellow. The tail is brownish-red, and it is this trait that gives red-tailed hawks their name. Immature red-tailed hawks look similar to adults, but... Immatures also have yellowish-gray eyes that become dark brown as adults. There are at least 14 subspecies of (Preston and Beane, 1993). These subspecies are separated based differences in their color and differences in where they breed and spend the winter. Red-tailed hawks usually begin breeding when they are three years old. They are monogamous, and mate with the same individual for many years. In fact, red-tailed hawks usually only change mates when their original mate dies. During courtship, the male and female soar together in circles, with flights lasting 10 minutes or more. Mating usually takes place following these flights. The male and female land on a perch and preen each other. The female then tilts forward, allowing the male to mount her. Copulation lasts 5 to 10 seconds. (Preston and Beane, 1993)
Red-tailed hawk nests are usually 28 to 38 inches in diameter.
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They are sometimes used for several years, and can be up to 3 feet tall. The male and female both construct the nest in a tall tree, 4 to 21 meters above the ground. Where trees are scarce, they are sometimes built on cliff ledges or artificial structures such as on buildings. The nests are constructed of twigs and lined with bark, pine needles, corn cobs, husks, stalks, aspen catkins and other soft plant matter. Fresh bark, twigs, and pine needles are deposited into the nest throughout the breeding season to keep the nest clean. Owls compete with the red-tailed hawks for nest sites. Each species is known to kill the young and destroy the eggs of the other in an attempt at taking a nest site. The female lays 1 to 5 eggs around the first week of April. The eggs are laid approximately every other day and are incubated for 28 to 35 days. Both parents incubate the eggs. Males may spend less time incubating than females, but bring food to the female while she is on the nest. The young hatch over the course of 2 to 4 days, and are altricial at hatching. During the nestling stage, the female broods the young, and the male provides most of the food to the female and the chicks. The female feeds the nestlings by tearing the food into small pieces. The chicks begin to leave the nest after 42 to 46 days. The fledgling period lasts up to 10 weeks, during which the chicks learn to fly and hunt. (Preston and Beane, 1993)
Both parents incubate the eggs. Males may spend less time incubating than females, but bring food to the female while she is on the nest. The newly hatched chicks are altricial (helpless). During the nestling stage, the female broods the young, and the male provides most of the food to the female and the chicks. The female feeds the nestlings by tearing the food into small pieces. The chicks begin to leave the nest after 42 to 46 days. After they leave the nest, young red-tailed hawks usually stay in one place, close to their parents. They begin to fly about 3 weeks after they first begin to leave the nest, and begin to catch their own food 6 to 7 weeks after that.
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| 0.948494 | 3,517 | 4.03125 | 4 |
They become completely independent from their parents by about 10 weeks after fledging, at about 112 to 116 days old. (Preston and Beane, 1993)
Red-tailed hawks are relatively long-lived birds. While many of these birds die young (most live less than two years), those that survive the first few years can live for many years. The oldest known wild red-tailed hawk lived to at least 21.5 years old. In captivity, red-tailed hawks have lived for at least 29.5 years. (Preston and Beane, 1993)
Red-tailed hawk pairs remain together for years in the same territory. These birds are very territorial, and defend territories that range in size from 0.85 to 3.9 square kilometers, depending on the amount of food, perches, and nest sites in the territory. The female is usually the more aggressive partner around the nest itself, whereas the male more aggressively defends the territory boundaries. The birds will soar over their territory, mostly on clear days, looking for intruders. Red-tailed hawks are diurnal (active during the day). (Preston and Beane, 1993)
Home range sizes range from 1.3 to 5.2 square kilometers. The size of red-tailed hawk home ranges varies with the quality of habitat, the sex of the individual, and the season. (Preston and Beane, 1993)
Adult red-tailed hawks make what is called a horse scream, "kee-eeee-arrr." It is often described as sounding like a steam whistle. The length and pitch of this call varies with the age, gender, and geographic region of the individual red-tailed hawk. Young red-tailed hawks communicate with their parents by making soft, low "peep"-ing sounds. As they get older, they sounds they make deepen in tone, and are usually sounds of hunger. Red-tailed hawks also communicate through body language. In an aggressive posture, the body and head of the red-tailed hawk are held upright and its feathers are standing up. In submission, the hawk's head is lower to the ground and the feathers are smooth. Red-tailed hawks also display many aerial behaviors. In the talon-drop, during courtship, they swoop down trying to touch one another with their talons. Undulating-flight is an up and down movement that is mainly used in territorial display. Finally, in the dive-display the bird performs a steep dive. This is also a territorial display. Red-tailed hawks have extraordinarily keen vision, which allows them to detect prey movements at great distances.
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Red-tailed hawks feed on a wide variety of prey, using their powerful claws as weapons. Eighty to eighty-five percent of their diet consists of small rodents. Mammals as large as eastern cottontail rabbits may also taken. Reptiles and other birds make up the rest of the diet. Male red-winged blackbirds are common prey because they are so visible when guarding their nests. Red-tailed hawks do most of their hunting from a perch. They are not known to store food. (Preston and Beane, 1993)
Adult red-tailed hawks are large formidable birds, and have few predators. Most predation on this species occurs to eggs and nestlings. Great horned owls are known predators of red-tailed hawk nestlings. Corvids are known predators of eggs and nestlings. (Preston and Beane, 1993)
Red-tailed hawks play an important role in local ecosystems by helping to control the populations of small mammals, including rodents and rabbits. They also provide habitat for some small bird species, including house sparrows, that live in active red-tailed hawk nests. Red-tailed hawks have antagonistic relationships with many bird species. Some smaller bird species mob hawks. Red-tailed hawks also steal prey and have prey stolen by other large birds, including golden eagles, bald eagles and ferruginous hawks. (Preston and Beane, 1993)
Red-tailed hawks help farmers by eating mice, moles and other rodents that disturb their crops. There are no known negative effects of red-tailed hawks on humans. Red-tailed hawks have extended their geographic range over the last 100 years. This expansion is most likely the result of increasing habitat of patchy woodland and open areas. As these areas become filled in with forest or more completely opened up, the amount of habitat for red-tailed hawks is expected to decline. Currently, the greatest threats to red-tailed hawk populations are shootings, collisions with automobiles, and human interference with nesting activities. Lead poisoning from eating food items that contain lead shot also kills a number of red-tailed hawks each year. Red-tailed hawks are protected under the U.S. Migratory Bird Act and CITES Appendix II. (Preston and Beane, 1993)
Albinism is relatively common in red-tailed hawks. Red-tailed hawks are considered to be a sign of good luck in the Mescalero Apache tradition (Louie Chavez, personal communication). Tanya Dewey (author), Animal Diversity Web, Kari Kirschbaum (editor), Animal Diversity Web. Delena Arnold (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World.
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<urn:uuid:b89379d9-aa66-4100-a5cd-81a4fd1d623b>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
|
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Buteo_jamaicensis/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948494 | 3,517 | 4.03125 | 4 |
This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico. uses sound to communicate
living in landscapes dominated by human agriculture. young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth/hatching. In birds, naked and helpless after hatching. Referring to an animal that lives in trees; tree-climbing. having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. an animal that mainly eats meat
uses smells or other chemicals to communicate
in deserts low (less than 30 cm per year) and unpredictable rainfall results in landscapes dominated by plants and animals adapted to aridity. Vegetation is typically sparse, though spectacular blooms may occur following rain. Deserts can be cold or warm and daily temperates typically fluctuate. In dune areas vegetation is also sparse and conditions are dry. This is because sand does not hold water well so little is available to plants. In dunes near seas and oceans this is compounded by the influence of salt in the air and soil. Salt limits the ability of plants to take up water through their roots. animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature. Endothermy is a synapomorphy of the Mammalia, although it may have arisen in a (now extinct) synapsid ancestor; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities. Convergent in birds. union of egg and spermatozoan
forest biomes are dominated by trees, otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality. offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes). makes seasonal movements between breeding and wintering grounds
Having one mate at a time. having the capacity to move from one place to another. the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic. reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body. "many forms."
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<urn:uuid:b89379d9-aa66-4100-a5cd-81a4fd1d623b>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
|
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Buteo_jamaicensis/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948494 | 3,517 | 4.03125 | 4 |
The goal is to increase access to energy in selected remote, rural areas in Malawi by promoting innovative, community based mini-grid applications in cooperation with the private sector and civil society. This initiative aims to scale up and strengthen Malawi’s first mini-grid scheme, as well as to provide micro-capital grants and pilot innovative service arrangements for new clean-energy mini-grids. Malawi is at the cross-roads of rural electrification. The rate of rural electrification is quite low, about 2% reportedly had access to the national power grid. Malawi is one of the least electrified countries in the world, with an average per capita consumption of 85 kWh per year, significantly below the African average of 579 kWh and the global average of 2,777 kWh. Indeed, although 84% of the Malawians live in rural areas, only 4% of the rural population has access to electricity. The provision of sufficient, reliable and clean energy in Malawi is a critical challenge recognized by the Government, which has put energy as a focus area in both the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS) II (2011-2016) and MGDS III (2018-2022) the and the Economic Recovery Plan (2012). In order to tackle the considerable unsatisfied demand for electricity, new generation capacity is urgently needed to supplement the installed capacity, in line with the national objectives of promoting diversified sources and utilizing the country’s abundant renewable energy resources (particularly micro-hydro and solar). Malawi aims to achieve universal access by tripling the national electrification rate in terms of connections to the grid (to 30% in 2030) and mini-grids and provide at least basic access by means of solar home and pico-solar systems. Until recently, mini-grids have been given less attention as a means for electrification, not only in Malawi but also worldwide, in comparison with on-grid (extension of the main grids) and off-grid stand-alone applications. There is therefore, need to promote innovative sustainable mini grid deployment models that encourage private sector participation. The Project aims to increase Access to clean energy through development of power plants and mini-grids close to the end users in the rural areas. This initiative aims at increasing access to energy in selected remote, rural areas in Malawi, by promoting innovative, community-based mini-grid applications close to the end users, in cooperation with the private sector and civil society.
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<urn:uuid:67a819c0-f4ad-4b07-98c6-b3ba9e6a30c5>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://arab.southsouthworld.org/46-solution/2430/increasing-access-to-clean-and-affordable-decentralised-energy-services-in-selected-vulnerable-areas-in-malawi
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.906371 | 1,037 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Considering that financial resources are scarce, it aims to leverage finances by involving the private sector and social enterprises in investments for new generation of access to energy. Given the more remote locations of many of the communities that need to be served, and the cost reductions in renewable energy technologies, an important vehicle for meeting these targets will be clean energy mini-grids. It is expected that the project will set the stage for mini-grids to play a key role going forward in electrifying rural parts of Malawi, thereby assisting the country in meeting its SE4All targets. The project encompasses the following three components:
1) The expansion of the existing micro-hydro power plant and mini-grid scheme of the Mulanje Electricity Generation Agency (MEGA), an energy company operated as a social enterprise, through the support to the implementation other similar initiatives, while reinforcing MEGA’s institutional capacity to become a self-sustaining entity. 2) The pilot replication of MEGA’s mini-grid model in other areas of Malawi, through the establishment of Public-Private-Partnership service delivery platforms for clean energy schemes, with an emphasis on business models such as Build-Own-Operate. This component also involves the provision of micro-capital grants and pilot innovative service arrangements for clean-energy mini-grids.Through this program, support has been provided for establishment of an 85kW solar mini-grid power plant. 3) Institutional strengthening and capacity building for the promotion of decentralized clean-energy mini-grid applications across the country, through the establishment of a national information clearing house to facilitate the involvement of project developers in rural electrification. This component also intends to recommend ways to mainstream mini-grids into national rural-electrification financing platforms and energy regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, to promote sustainability of mini grid schemes, private public partnerships will be promoted, and productive use of energy is being coupled with the development of the schemes
At the request of the Government of Malawi, UNDP supported South-South Cooperation among Malawi, Zambia and Tanzania in the area of closing the access gap to clean energy. Provider country: UNDP Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia
Beneficiary Country: Malawi
Supported by: UNDP, Global Environment Facility,Practical Action, Mulanje Energy Generation Agency, Community Energy Malawi, Scottish Government and Malawian Government
Implementing Agency: UNDP Malawi and the Malawian Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining
Project Status: On-going
Project Period: 2015-2020
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<urn:uuid:67a819c0-f4ad-4b07-98c6-b3ba9e6a30c5>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-50
|
http://arab.southsouthworld.org/46-solution/2430/increasing-access-to-clean-and-affordable-decentralised-energy-services-in-selected-vulnerable-areas-in-malawi
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.906371 | 1,037 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Can you recall learning to read? Struggling with the sounds-one-letter at a time. Then moving into inference and comprehension. Learning symbols to establish meaning, deduction to deepen understanding. Learning what you agreed or disagreed with or what you liked or disliked, came only after you learned discernment and critical thinking skills. Was learning to read valuable to you? I contend learning to “read” a painting can bring you the same value. All art; film, music, performing, literature are ways to share the very human need to communicate, express emotions and ideas as well as to connect with others. There is one big deviation with visual art; the visual artist has only one frame through which to communicate his/her idea. And once committed to a 2D format the artist must then let go. Now it becomes strictly up to the viewer to interpret. Here is the paradox, what the viewer sees or interprets may or may not have anything at all to do with what the artist intended. The viewer is in charge, and the more open the viewer the more exciting the viewing. A painting can challenge you, lift your spirit, call you to play, open a new world, change your perspective, delight, or annoy or any other possible human emotion imaginable. There is no ‘should’ in your reaction to a painting nor is there a ‘should’ in what one will like or dislike. But learning to look will enrich one’s life. So….. how do you read a painting? - A fine art gallery is part of the art world on a mission to show you why looking is worth it. But to do so, one must first slow down. Looking is not a drive by sport. Now does one have to talk art or know about art to truly read a painting? No, no and no. - O.k. you’ve slowed down, now what? Pay moderate attention to detail, and offer up a willingness to reflect on your own feelings. - What do you see? Consider style or technique. There are periods of time in history when well-established styles were in vogue. Consider Renaissance portraits which looked almost exactly alike to the casual viewer. We are not living in such a time. All bets are off and all styles are relevant. Some artists create closely detailed, finely controlled works while others slap paint around almost haphazardly.
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<urn:uuid:171f116b-ec0a-45fd-bb2d-aea458d7db9c>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://artistpatriciacherry.com/tag/reading-paintings/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.955599 | 570 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Of course this is an incomplete introduction to art. It’s just a little nudge to get you thinking about art appreciation. The better you can read art the better the experience will become. Slow Down. What are you seeing, what are you feeling? What is the style, subject matter, story of the piece? Most importantly what did you learn about yourself?
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<urn:uuid:171f116b-ec0a-45fd-bb2d-aea458d7db9c>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://artistpatriciacherry.com/tag/reading-paintings/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955599 | 570 | 2.890625 | 3 |
The bitcoin purchasing power index (bitcoinppi) tells you how many Big Mac hamburgers you can buy with one bitcoin. This is helpful when you want to know the everyday value of bitcoin. So far the value of bitcoin has only been quoted in fiat currencies like the US dollar, European euro or others. This measure is strained by increases in the overall level of consumer prices (aka inflation). It might happen for instance that the value of bitcoin in US dollars goes up from 300 USD to 305 USD but the products that one bitcoin buys you (purchasing power) remains the same. Inflation is influenced by monetary policy and should not get in the way of measuring the value of a central bank independent currency. The bitcoinppi measures the value of bitcoin by its purchasing power of a worldwide available and uniform item - the Big Mac hamburger. This makes the bitcoin purchasing power index agnostic to monetary policy. The bitcoinppi hence lets you express bitcoin's value in a central bank independent way. Much similar to how bitcoin operates technologically as a currency and payment network. In order to buy a Big Mac with one bitcoin you will need to convert it to a local currency like the pound, peso etc. The local bitcoinppi does exactly that. It tells you how many Big Macs you can buy with one bitcoin in a specific country. This is because bitcoin exchange rates and Big Mac prices differ from one country to another. When you want to buy Big Macs with a bitcoin in the UK, a different exchange rate applies and the Big Mac price is not the same as in Mexico for example. The calculation of the local bitcoinppi only uses real local Big Mac prices as recorded by the Big Max index and only local exchange rates as they were available if you wanted to buy or sell bitcoins in that specific country. The bitcoinppi does not use cross-rates to derive exchange rates from cross-currency pairs because these rates are in most cases not accessible to consumers. The global bitcoinppi is a weighted average of local bitcoin purchasing power indices. It tells how many Big Mac burgers you can buy with one bitcoin on average globally. Each available local bitcoinppi is considered in the global bitcoinppi.
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<urn:uuid:cf2b3ac8-c50c-46b4-ae79-293b30a54865>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
|
http://bitcoinppi.com/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.909579 | 1,063 | 2.953125 | 3 |
The weights are calculated based on a country's population and the GDP per capita in purchasing power parity. Besides just expressing the value in a central bank independent way, there are multiple other use cases for the bitcoinppi. Note that the bitcoinppi API provides all the raw data you need to use this index in every imaginable way. If you use it for something cool, we would love to hear about it in the comments! Here are a few use case ideas
The bitcoinppi volatility measures the average daily return volatility of of the global bitcoinppi over the last 30 days and expresses it as an annualized value. The volatility data is not provided by our API but you can easily calculate it yourself with daily index information. This is the formula we use to calculate the bitcoinppi volatility
STDEV(ln(bitcoinppi_global(d) / bitcoinppi_global(d-1)) * SQRT(365) with d = 1..30
The bitcoinppi is updated every 15 minutes and is calculated as follows
bitcoinppi_local(country_i) = (btc_price(currency_country_i) / big_mac_price(currency_country_i))
bitcoinppi_global = SUM(bitcoinppi_local(country_i) * weight(country_i)) with i = i..I
weight(country_i) = (population(country_i) / SUM(population(country_i..I))) * 1/3 + (GDPperCapPPP(country_i) / SUM(GDPperCapPPP(country_i..I))) * 2/3
There are three main data sources to calculate the bitcoinppi. We need Big Mac prices, bitcoin exchange rates and macroeconomics data for each country that is included in the index. The Big Mac index as published by The Economist is a great source for local Big Mac prices. The Big Mac index is updated every six months and so are the Big Mac prices that are contained in it. Note that the bitcoinppi doesn't use the actual Big Mac index itself. Instead we leverage the fact that the Big Mac index tracks a large number of local Big Mac prices in a reliable way on a regular basis. Whenever there are new prices available from the Big Mac Index they will be imported into the bitcoinppi. The Big Mac is a hamburger that is served in Mc Donald's fast food restaurants in approximately 40 countries around the world. For some historical bitcoin prices (until October 2015) we used the CoinDesk bitcoin price index BPI. In these cases we had to rely on cross-rates. Macroeconomic data is sourced from Trading Economics. Historical values for population and GDP per capita are not yet included. We will update the data in the next weeks.
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<urn:uuid:cf2b3ac8-c50c-46b4-ae79-293b30a54865>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
|
http://bitcoinppi.com/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.909579 | 1,063 | 2.953125 | 3 |
What is Crosswind? Winds are something pilots learn to have a love-hate relationship with. A tailwind gets us there much faster and a headwind can make for a very long trip. However, one type of wind can ground pilots before they make their flight is crosswinds. Crosswinds is the amount of wind that hits your plane from the side. If the strength of the wind is enough you can have a really bad day. Your plane may be blown from the runway causing damage to the plane, or worse, you and your passengers. What is Headwind? While headwinds are frustrating while in flight, during takeoff and landing a headwind is preferred. A solid headwind during takeoff will have the plane in the air much faster. And while landing a headwind helps bleed off speed while keeping the plane off the runway for a little while longer. Understanding the crosswind and headwind components is critical to having a safe flight. There are several methods to determine both while you are on the ground, and a few ‘quick tricks’ for when you are in the air. A note of caution. Any of these calculations are representations ONLY. The actual crosswind component can and does vary depending on the day, the wind and the airport you are at. Use your calculations as a guide and remember that things often change very quickly in the plane. Remember to always fly the plane, rather than the paper. What information do you need? In order to perform any crosswind or headwind calculation you need 2 pieces of information:
The ANGLE between the runway heading and the Wind. To find this you simply subtract the larger number from the smaller number. For example: Runway 8 has a heading of 080 and the Wind is from 110. Simply subtract 80 from 110 (110 – 80) to get 30*. The VELOCITY of the wind. This is given by the ATIS and is usually in Knots (KTS). Any GUST information is also needed to get a more accurate picture of the crosswind that affects your plane. For all calculations for each crosswind calculator below we will use the following two scenarios:
- 30* ANGLE
- 20 KTS
- 50* ANGLE
- 20 KTS
One of the first ways I learned to calculate the crosswind was from the Jeppesen Private Pilot Manual.
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<urn:uuid:4904d592-cd7b-4fc3-98a8-fa58965dd4d7>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://bobbielind.com/how-to-use-a-crosswind-calculator/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.909953 | 2,296 | 3.78125 | 4 |
This chart, like a lot of charts for aviation is an analog chart. The downsides of this are inaccurate results and some element of guess work. To read this chart and determine your crosswind and headwind component you perform the following steps:
- Determine the angle between the runway heading and the wind. - Find the point where the wind angle line and the wind velocity arc meet. - Look to the left to find the headwind component. - Find the crosswind component by following the vertical lines down to the bottom of the chart. Using the scenario information on this chart we get the following crosswind and headwind components:
- 10 KTS Crosswind
- 17 KTS Headwind
- 15 KTS Crosswind
- 13 KTS Headwind
Sine / Cosine Angles
Very few ground lessons don’t involve math, and this concept has a mathematical explanation behind it. If you can remember back to your algebra ( or trigonometry ) classes you may remember sine/cosine/tangent angles. While we could go into a deep math class I’d rather stick to a higher level. For this exercise you will need the sine of the angle to determine your crosswind component. Our formula is: Crosswind = Wind Speed * Sin( Wind Angle )
To make maters a little easier here is a little chart to take care of the sine calculation (note, this chart is rounded for ease of use):
Using our above scenario and the rounded sin calculations you get the following:
Crosswind = 20 KTS * SIN ( 30 ) = 20 KTS * 0.5 = 10 KTS
Crosswind = 20 KTS * SIN ( 50 ) = 20 KTS * 0.8 = 16 KTS
For Headwind calculations you would use the Cosine of the Angle, making the calculation:
Headwind = Wind Speed * COS ( Wind Angle )
Here is a nifty chart to help you remember those angles (note, these values are rounded for ease of remembering). Using our information from above our headwind component is:
Headwind = 20 KTS * COS( 30 ) = 20 KTS * 0.9 = 18 KTS
Headwind = 20 KTS * COS ( 50 ) = 20 KTS * 0.6 = 12 KTS
This gives you a more accurate answer than the wind component chart above if you needed it.
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<urn:uuid:4904d592-cd7b-4fc3-98a8-fa58965dd4d7>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://bobbielind.com/how-to-use-a-crosswind-calculator/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.909953 | 2,296 | 3.78125 | 4 |
Now, for testing purposes, I would wait to round your results until the final answer as that may make a difference in the results. If math is more than you want to do, here is a handy chart created to give you accurate data. For this chart, simply match the Angle column with the wind speed row to find your Crosswind component. For the Headwind calculation you only have to subtract the wind angle from 90* and follow the column down to the wind speed. So, 90* – 30* = 60*. Meaning we are going to use the 60* column for our angle. - 10 KTS crosswind
- 17.3 KTS headwind
- 15.3 KTS crosswind
- 12.9 headwind
There are a few online calculators that will do all the work for you however they won’t help you when you are in the cockpit and need to do calculations on the fly. However, for the completeness of this post here are some of the online calculators. Quick Methods for in the Cockpit
Now I’m not sure about you, but I don’t keep a crosswind calculator or a crosswind chart handy in the cockpit. And I guess I could remember the SIN/COS tables and do a boat load of math in my head while I’m trying to fly the plane. However, that doesn’t sound appealing with everything else I have to remember to do. So, here are a few simple methods to get you in the close ball park of what the crosswind component would be. This is an interesting method that I learned about while researching crosswinds. I have yet to use it in real life, but for very rough math it works to help remember what the crosswind should be. Your watch is a representation of the Angle of the wind. The 60 minute, or 12 o’clock position, represents 60* and 1 or ‘the whole’ wind speed. Effectively all crosswind. At 45 minutes it’s 45* and 3/4 of the wind speed. 30 minutes is 30* and 1/2 of wind speed. 15 minutes is 15* and 1/4 of wind speed. - 10 KTS crosswind
- no headwind calc
For this calculation I used the 45*, 3/4 wind speed since that is the closest data point to the 50 * angle. - 15 KTS crosswind
- no headwind calc
This method has an inherent flaw that is found in the second scenario.
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<urn:uuid:4904d592-cd7b-4fc3-98a8-fa58965dd4d7>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://bobbielind.com/how-to-use-a-crosswind-calculator/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.909953 | 2,296 | 3.78125 | 4 |
Unless you want to do additional math, the 50* variance is not accounted for. So one can reasonably state that the crosswind is “probably a little more than 15 KTS” and when you are in need of new information in the cockpit this will get you darn close to what you need. This ‘rule of thumb’ method takes every 10* and makes it a fractional value up to 60*
10* = 1/6 wind speed 20* = 2/6 wind speed 30* = 3/6 wind speed 40* = 4/6 wind speed 50* = 5/6 wind speed 60* = 6/6 wind speed
These fractions are then multiplied to the wind speed. Our example then becomes 30* angle = 3/6 or 1/2 of wind speed, which is 20 KTS for a total crosswind component of 10 KTS. - 10 KTS crosswind
- no calc for headwind
- 16.7 KTS crosswind
- no calc for headwind
Adjusting for Gusts / Wind Variations
With all things, the wind is always changing. Any pilot who has had at least two lessons has most likely heard an ATIS report that mentions gusting winds. And if they haven’t heard it on the ATIS they will get it on a test question for the METAR understanding. This bodes the question, how do you calculate for gusts? Well, the same way you calculate for the normal winds. You need the angle and wind speed and then you perform the calculations exactly the same for each method. Your crosswind and headwind component will be somewhere between the two results you get back. Every plane, even the big birds have limitations. Crosswinds are no exception to these limitations. In the Cessna 172 that I fly there is a POH direct crosswind limit of 15 KTS. This is more than I would currently fly in but it’s nice to know what the test pilot’s said the plane could do. Now, there are some who say that the POH is only a recommendation, not a limit, but I’m not in the business of becoming a test pilot any time soon and my life and my passenger’s lives all depend on my ability to safely control the plane. In my opinion, it is best to stick with the limits listed in POH and determine your personal limits from there. Personal limitations are those limits you set on yourself.
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<urn:uuid:4904d592-cd7b-4fc3-98a8-fa58965dd4d7>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://bobbielind.com/how-to-use-a-crosswind-calculator/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.909953 | 2,296 | 3.78125 | 4 |
What you are comfortable flying in or when you have reached the extent of your knowledge and skill. These are the limitations that get some pilots into trouble when it comes to flying in crosswinds. The problem with personal limitations, is that you usually find your limit by trying a skill / maneuver / flight and discovering that you are not ready for that event. It’s the flying equivalent of a catch 22. You should set personal limits but you don’t know what your personal limits are until you have reached them. For me, because of the weather patterns here in the desert I have a personal minimum where I don’t fly in the afternoon. The wind can be too erratic and the gusting makes for some really unstable air. Even if the wind is straight down the runway I would be too wary to fly as things can, and do, happen in an instant. What is your preferred method for calculating crosswinds / headwinds? Is there a crosswind calculator that I missed? How often have you actually taken the time to calculate the crosswind component other than for a test? Let me know in the comment section.
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<urn:uuid:4904d592-cd7b-4fc3-98a8-fa58965dd4d7>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://bobbielind.com/how-to-use-a-crosswind-calculator/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.909953 | 2,296 | 3.78125 | 4 |
When the reader truly visualizes the intensity of the first two lines, the image is quite striking both in beauty and something akin to fear or foreboding. Free Online Education from Top Universities Yes! The struggle of humanity is based on the concept of the contrary nature of things, Blake believed, and thus, to achieve truth one must see the contraries in innocence and experience. This comparison is used similarly to the Tiger. A good small book to start off young aged readers. It is a theme that he carries throughout much of his work - that our true natures are large, wild, and yearning to be free of the strictures we have placed upon them. Copy A of Blake's original printing of The Tyger, c. God is just like our Earthly father, if we are blessed to have one who loves his children so much he'd do anything for them for their good, but if they don't listen to his wisdom, they are punished for their own good or die from their folly of less wisdom and maturity. Did he who made the Lamb make thee? Of the copies of the original collection, only 28 published during his life are known to exist, with an additional 16 published posthumously. And what shoulder, and what art Could twist the sinews of thy heart? Did he who made the lamb made thee? Burnt the fire of thine eyes? Like a tiger, evil is powerful, but terrifying. With regard to the comment made by: Sheila D Ivy, B. That fear is then moved forward and spoken of in the following two lines. He seems to have gone too far and flown too high in creating such a creature as the tiger. It must have been a god who played with fire who made the tiger. When this poem was written it was most unusual for writers to show interest in wild animals. Similarly, the context of a person asking questions and getting puzzles at the tiger symbolically represents the final beginning of the realization and appreciation of the forces of his own soul. Metaphysical imagery frames the tiger as being tied to the will, strength , aggressiveness and bravery. The questions intensify the emotion of the poem, but remain unanswered at the end of the poem. God and the devil are opposites.
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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en
| 0.960677 | 1,317 | 2.78125 | 3 |
How could someone create such a creature like a tiger but also create the lamb? The tiger itself is a symbol for the fierce forces in the soul that are necessary to break the bonds of experience. Structure The poem consists of 24 lines, broken up evenly into six quatrains. The perspective of experience in this poem involves a sophisticated acknowledgment of what is unexplainable in the universe, presenting evil as the prime example of something that cannot be denied, but will not withstand facile explanation, either. First, I like the rhythm. The poem has been written in a neat, regular structure with neat proportions. Good and evil can't live together nor peaceably. Tsunamies, wars, killing, murder, lying, cheating, plotting evil against another for another's demise, and as spoken about way back then of the furture in 2 Timothy in the New Testament how this generation would be. Blacksmith The blacksmith represents the creator of the tiger, a supernatural force that might be God or the devil. The poet seems worried as to how the creator shaped up such a magnificent creature, but more so, how is the creator himself? This is particularly useful for the globetrotter wanting to immerse themselves in other cultures with all the ideas and flavors they offer. Sponsor 122 Free Video Tutorials Please I make on youtube such as. I found Blood and Chocolate under my desk in High-school. Yet Gnosticism believes that Abraxas is a combination of both good and evil, or God and the Demiurge the Devil. What the hand, dare seize the fire? Did he who made the Lamb make thee? Sometimes the Universe uses tests as learning tools. But it is not too difficult after we get at the basic symbols. What bolsters such an interpretation is the long-established associations between the lamb and Jesus Christ. Anvils and Hammers or industry in general can help mankind creating beautiful art or useful tools, but industry can also create weapons. The speaker in the poem is puzzled at the sight of a tiger in the night, and he asks it a series of questions about its fierce appearance and about the creator who made it. Mark Posted on 2009-04-14 by a guest. After memorization, I had recitation in class. Stanza 3 And what shoulder, and what art Could twist the sinews of thy heart?
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en
| 0.960677 | 1,317 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Five years later, he published Songs of Experience, a book of poems addressing the darker aspects of life. The tiger initially appears as a strikingly sensuous image. Tyger Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night; What immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry? The smithy represents a traditional image of artistic creation; here Blake applies it to the divine creation of the natural world. How can we account for good and evil in the world? What the hand dare seize the fire?. I stepped outside to breathe the air And stare up at the stars Big dipper hanging there Over the rented car Over the rented car I'm a runaway from the record biz From the hoods in the hood and the whiny white kids Boring! Fire might have been a destructive object, but just like Montag, the reader must realize that there will be a time of rebirth and rising from the ashes just like the Phoenix Granger described. He is himself puzzled at its fearful faces, and begins to realize that he had gotten, not only the lamb-like humility, but also the tiger-like energy for fighting back against the domination of the evil society. What the hand, dare seize the fire? Posted on 2010-10-24 by a guest. William Blake and Digital Humanities:Collaboration, Participation, and Social Media. What effect does the punctuation of the poem have on its meaning? Posted on 2011-07-17 by a guest. The Tyger symbolizes the entire complexion of the evil things in life. There is nothing more vexing nor more attractive to the curious mind of man than the Unknown. Many times poetry is exact and boring once you understand it completely. The animals lion laying down with the lamb, for instance were at peace and never would harm one another nor man nor woman.
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en
| 0.960677 | 1,317 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Expecting too much from other people is the main cause of emotional and mental suffering. Studies have shown that expecting too much from your friends and family and not being given what you wanted could cause psychological health issues such as anxiety and depression. This happens because when you are expecting something from a certain person you are often creating unrealistic situations and when things don’t go as you have planned you become angry at that person which can damage your relationship. - Expecting people to always do the right thing
There are no two identical people in the world. Everyone has different beliefs, personality, aspirations etc. which is why you shouldn’t expect others to feel the same you feel about everything. Psychological and cultural practices as well as the environment you have been raised in make you the person you are. Don’t expect others to feel the same with you. For example, if you think that eating a dog is repulsive, don’t expect your Asian friend or workmate to feel the same. - Expecting everyone to agree with you
Even though it feels great when people around us agree with what we say and do we can’t always expect them to do so. If someone disagrees with you, you shouldn’t feel angry or hurt. You have the right to disagree with people too so never expect others to feel and think the exact way you do. - Expecting people to be perfect
No one is perfect and if you create your image of someone and that image is then destroyed, whose fault is it? You will only get disappointed if you always expect others to do everything perfectly. Making mistakes is a normal thing and everyone makes them sooner or later. - Expecting people to be mind-readers
Sometimes you may feel sad or upset about something and if you want others to know how you feel you should tell them. Not everyone will notice the sad look on your face immediately and if you get mad at them for not noticing you are only going to make things worse. No one can read your mind so always express yourself with words. - Expecting people to pick you up after you fall
Just like you have your struggles and problems, other people also have their own.
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://dailyhealthgen.com/2017/08/06/stop-expecting-10-things-others/
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en
| 0.972962 | 823 | 2.65625 | 3 |
If someone does not help you when you need it, it does not always mean that the person does not care about you. He/she could be going through a lot worse situations than you. - Expecting people to always understand you
If you have trouble understanding yourself, don’t expect others to be able to. If your friend can’t understand the mess that is going through your head it does not mean that you are less of a person. - Expecting people to treat you the same way you treat them
If everyone treated each other equally, the world will become a perfect place. You have probably been mistreated by someone you always cared for. Try to understand such people, they may not have a true relationship with themselves in order to know how to treat you back. - Expecting people to change their behavior suddenly
Once you realize that this is never possible you will be much happier. Telling someone how to think or behave will not change who they are, it could even lead to your relationship being destroyed. If there are differences in your personalities are too big try to change your perspective not the person. - Expecting others to be the same person
People constantly change and you can’t make someone become the same person they were years ago. We go through everyday battles that change the way we feel and act about many things which is why you should never make others go back to what they were. - Expecting others to have it all together
Life can be too stressful too often and not everyone is capable of remaining calm all the time in hard situations. If your friends are going through a rough period, don’t expect them to have it all together. Be compassionate and tell them you know they are trying and doing their best. This way you will strengthen your relationship.
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en
| 0.972962 | 823 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The 1941 Farhud, coming as it did seven years before Israel was established, shatters the myth of peaceful coexistence between Jews and Arabs, explained Rabbi Andrea Zanardo to his Brighton congregation:
Ask anyone what the Holocaust was, and everyone will reply: it's the massacre of six million Jews during the Second World War, at the hands of the Nazis and their collaborators. Ask any Jew what the Shoah was, and every Jew will give more or less the same answer. We know what the Holocaust was; we know what the Shoah was. But ask anyone, Jew or not Jew, what the Farhud had been. Most likely you will not get an answer. Very few people, Jews or Gentiles, are familiar with that tragic page of Jewish history. Malcom Miller blows the shofar at the 75th anniversary commemoration of the Farhud in London on 2 June 2016
On 1st June, 1941, after the failure of a plot against the pro-British monarchy, Iraqi fascists, (many of them soldiers, or members of the police), decided to exterminate the Jewish population of Iraq. They were easy to find, because it was Shavuot and all the synagogues were packed. Fascists, criminals, (and the various overlapping of the two categories), killed adults and children, raped girls, decapitated babies, burned houses, looted synagogues for two days, until finally the regular forces acted to restore order. That was the Farhud: the beginning of the end of the Iraqi Jewish history, much like the Kristallnacht has been the beginning of the end of the most glorious page of German Jewish history. And as much as the German Jewish history had been glorious, so had the Iraqi Jewish history been great: the Talmud, for example was written in Iraq. But, just as Kristallnacht, the Farhud was only the beginning. From 1947 the Jews have been forced to "donate" to Palestinian Arabs. From 1948 Jews were deprived of the right to testify in court. Zionism was outlawed. And because every Jew was considered potentially a Zionist, houses were continuously searched by the police, properties confiscated. Charged of cooperation with Israel, the leaders of the Jewish community were hanged, their bodies left exposed for hours, while the crowd was celebrating. The Jewish employees in the State administration and offices, thousands of them, were all fired in one night.
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://jewishrefugees.blogspot.com/2016/06/why-do-people-ignore-or-deny-farhud.html
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en
| 0.978618 | 1,370 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The once prosperous Jewish community was now reduced to starving, Rabbis were abused in the streets, laypeople were harassed, and of course the Jewish businesses were boycotted. That was the end, as I have said, of the most prosperous and established Jewish community in the Middle East, the one that had produced the Talmud. There is only one difference from the Kristallnacht. For the Jews living in Germany it was very difficult to find a place to take refuge from the advancing fury. At least the Iraqi Jews had a place to go, which was Israel. They went to an incredible length in order to welcome, and feed, the Iraqi refugees along with many others who, in the 50s, were flooding into the Country from the whole of the Middle East. Nonetheless, the Farhud is a tragedy of monumental dimensions and has become the symbol of the persecution of the Mizrahim, the North African and Middle Eastern Jews, who had been subjected to pogroms, massacres and dispossessions by the hands of Arab nationalists, from the 1920s up until the Six Day War. But official commemorations are quite recent. Only a few years ago the anniversary of the Farhud has been inscribed into the Israeli official calendar as a day of remembrance and mourning: June 1st-2nd, two days ago. There are various reasons as to why it had not been commemorated in the same way the Kristallnacht had been. Most of the survivors were eager to integrate themselves into the new State, to become Israelis and not to cultivate their Iraqi Jewish identity, somehow separated from the rest of the society. During the Cold War, Leftist academics followed the USSR diktats, according to which the Farhud and similar antisemitic massacres were part of the heroic fight against colonialism: even nowadays, for those people every Jew is a coloniser or a "settler". But the main problem was something else: too many people deluded themselves with the myth of the Golden Age, the legend of a peaceful coexistence between Arabs and Jews, (or rather: the comfortable existence of the Jews under the Arab rule). According to such a narrative, Muslims and Jews got along together easily and in harmony, until one sad day in 1948, an evil, Westernised form of nationalism, Zionism, came onto the scene to shatter that idyll of coexistence and peace. Things are obviously different.
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en
| 0.978618 | 1,370 | 2.828125 | 3 |
But if you listen carefully to the voices of the anti-imperialist Left, those who blame Israel and Zionism for everything, you can hear echoes of that legend. After all, they ask, why do the Jews need a State, when their life was so peaceful and prosperous under the Muslim rule? The Farhud happened in 1941, well before the establishment of the State on Israel. It was the outcome of the fascination for the Nazis, by Iraqi nationalists, who were extremely receptive to the anti-Semitic propaganda aired by Radio Berlin, in Arabic, since 1933. The Gestapo had an office in Baghdad. Iraqi nationalists and German Nazis exchanged visits and marched together, two anti-Semitic youth movements, carrying on (literally) the same torch in lugubrious parades. Just like in Germany, three decades earlier, the Iraqi society had not been able to halt the growth of that Anti-Semitic movement. Rather, anti-Semitism became part of the official ideology of the Iraqi regime, once the Country gained independence. To this day, anti-Semitism is still well spread in the Arab world, in the Arab societies. And commemorating the Farhud is tremendously unpopular, especially for those who delude themselves, imagining a rosy coexistence between Arabs and Jews, and blame Zionism and Israel for its failure. Nonetheless it is our duty to remember that tragic page of Jewish history and to pay honour to the victims of that massacre. It is our duty, as Jews and as human beings, to remember the public opinion in the UK, and in the whole world, the hundreds of thousands of Jews, from Northern Africa and from the whole Middle East. They have been victims of anti-Semitic hatred. They still wait for justice and reparations. Their voices deserve to be heard. Sermon delivered at Brighton and Hove Reform Synagogue, 4 June 2015
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en
| 0.978618 | 1,370 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Gold is so far the most popular precious metal that everyone is fond of. Different civilizations and cultures have given gold a very significant position in wealth building and transferring that to generations. Although now there are too many types of investment opportunities and products available, gold is still considered as the primary investment option by most cultures. For most gold is not just an investment; it holds much more value which are not achieved through other investments. Thus the price and price changes of this yellow metal has always attracted attention. Having a Golden downer history of price appreciation, recent gold rate shows very fast price increases and decreases. There are many local, national and international reasons for these gold price changes. Import Duties, Taxes and Transporting Costs: These are local factors affecting gold prices. These factors also directly affect the price of gold. Because most nations lack any mines with significant production, most of the this precious metal is imported from other countries. The duties and taxes widely differ among countries and major importing countries like India are keeping high duties and taxes on importing to reduce their import cost by reducing gold import because of high domestic price. Central Bank Gold Reserves: A major portion of gold above ground other than gold ornaments is in safe custody of central banks of nations. Most European, Asian countries together with USA has high gold reserve which serves as the reserve for currencies in circulation. Although central banks do not directly interfere with this precious metal market, the occasional news of central banks buying or selling gold can result in great volatility in gold prices because of the high position size of these trades. Dollar Value and Inverse Relationship: Internationally, the value of gold is denoted in US dollar. So any change in gold exchange rate is reflected on gold price. Additionally, gold and US dollar shows a great negative correlation. When US dollar weakens gold prices soar and when this precious metal price falls US dollar strengthens. Gold Demand and Production: Most of this precious metal mined in the world is used for making gold ornaments. Top populace countries like China, India and United States are main consumers. The economic weakening or strengthening, festival seasons and investing trends of these countries can thus cause high deflection in gold needs thus in price.
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http://malaysiastrongestman.com/factors-affecting-gold-price-nationally-and-internationally-2/
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en
| 0.930679 | 509 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Glass is a popular packaging choice for all kinds of food and beverages. It is made of abundant natural raw material, such as sand and recycled glass. And besides its versatility and its aesthetics, it offers an unbeatable advantage compared to other packaging materials as it preserves flavour and freshness, and guarantees that food and beverages placed in glass containers are not stained by the packaging. It is also commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to preserve the properties of medicines. Glass can also be melted down an infinite number of times to create new, high quality glass packaging without any loss of quality and, as such, makes a significant contribution to protecting the environment. Glass is made from naturally abundant materials, including sand, limestone, and soda ash and it can last for decades. It is always a safe choice to use for packaging products. And, you do not have to stress about chemicals and contaminants.
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://meg.com.eg/
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en
| 0.954034 | 180 | 2.515625 | 3 |
PRP is plasma with many more platelets than what is typically found in blood. The concentration of platelets and, thereby, the concentration of growth factors — can be 5 to 10 times greater (or richer) than usual. To develop a PRP preparation, blood must first be drawn from a patient. The platelets are separated from other blood cells and their concentration is increased during a process called centrifugation. Then the increased concentration of platelets is combined with the remaining blood. Platelets have a vital role in the healing of injured tissues. The alpha granules of platelets contain growth factors which result in various biological effects. However, variations in individuals and differences in preparation methods can affects the absolute and relative concentrations of these different factors in PRP, which could account for differences in clinical outcome. The release of these factors can be rapidly triggered by platelet activators thrombin and calcium. This results in the formation of a gel which can be used in open surgery but is impractical for injection. More gradual activation of platelets is also possible through exposure to damaged collagen, which attracts platelets through cytokine for PRP to be administered without pre-activation into damaged tissues. How Does PRP Work? To speed healing, the injury site is treated with the PRP preparation. This can be done in one of two ways:
• PRP can be carefully injected into the injured area. For example, in Achilles tendonitis, a condition commonly seen in runners and tennis players, the heel cord can become swollen, inflamed, and painful. A mixture of PRP and local anesthetic can be injected directly into this inflamed tissue. Afterwards, the pain at the area of injection may actually increase for the first week or two, and it may be several weeks before the patient feels a beneficial effect. • PRP may also be used to improve healing after surgery for some injuries. For example, an athlete with a completely torn heel cord may require surgery to repair the tendon. Healing of the torn tendon can possibly be improved by treating the injured area with PRP during surgery. This is done by preparing the PRP in a special way that allows it to actually be stitched into torn tissues. What Conditions are Treated with PRP? Is It Effective? Research studies are currently being conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP treatment.
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://orthopedic.com.sg/orthopaedic-treatment/platelet-rich-plasma/
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en
| 0.956944 | 1,195 | 3.453125 | 3 |
At this time, the results of these studies are inconclusive because the effectiveness of PRP therapy can vary. Factors that can influence the effectiveness of PRP treatment include:
• The area of the body being treated
• The overall health of the patient
• Whether the injury is acute (such as from a fall) or chronic (an injury developing over time)
Chronic Tendon Injuries
According to the research studies currently reported, PRP is most effective in the treatment of chronic tendon injuries, especially tennis elbow, a very common injury of the tendons on the outside of the elbow. An injection of PRP is used to treat tennis elbow. The use of PRP for other chronic tendon injuries — such as chronic Achilles tendonitis or inflammation of the patellar tendon at the knee (jumper’s knee) is promising. However, it is difficult to say at this time that PRP therapy is any more effective than traditional treatment of these problems. Acute Ligament and Muscle Injuries
Much of the publicity PRP therapy has received has been about the treatment of acute sports injuries, such as ligament and muscle injuries. PRP has been used to treat professional athletes with common sports injuries like pulled hamstring muscles in the thigh and knee sprains. There is no definitive scientific evidence, however, that PRP therapy actually improves the healing process in these types of injuries. More recently, PRP has been used during certain types of surgery to help tissues heal. It was first thought to be beneficial in shoulder surgery to repair torn rotator cuff tendons. However, the results so far show little or no benefit when PRP is used in these types of surgical procedures. Surgery to repair torn knee ligaments, especially the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is another area where PRP has been applied. At this time, there appears to be little or no benefit from using PRP in this instance. Some initial research is being done to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP in the treatment of the arthritic knee. It is still too soon to determine if this form of treatment will be any more effective than current treatment methods. PRP has been used in a very limited way to speed the healing of broken bones. So far, it has shown no significant benefit. How long does it take? The procedure takes approximately one to two hours, including preparation and recovery time.
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<urn:uuid:877ea217-69a2-4221-b657-40eaee4eeb24>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://orthopedic.com.sg/orthopaedic-treatment/platelet-rich-plasma/
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en
| 0.956944 | 1,195 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Performed safely in a medical office, PRP therapy relieves pain without the risks of surgery, general anesthesia, or hospital stays and without a prolonged recovery. In fact, most people return to their jobs or usual activities right after the procedure. How often should this procedure be done? Up to three injections may be given within a six-month time frame, usually performed two to three weeks apart. You may, however, gain considerable to complete relief after the first or second injection. What are the expected results? Because the goal of PRP therapy is to resolve pain through healing, it could prove to have lasting results. Initial improvement may be seen within a few weeks, gradually increasing as the healing progresses. Research studies and clinical practice have shown PRP therapy to be very effective at relieving pain and returning patients to their normal lives. Both ultrasound and MRI images have shown definitive tissue repair after PRP therapy, confirming the healing process. The need for surgery can also be greatly reduced by treating injured tissues before the damage progresses and the condition is irreversible.
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<urn:uuid:877ea217-69a2-4221-b657-40eaee4eeb24>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://orthopedic.com.sg/orthopaedic-treatment/platelet-rich-plasma/
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en
| 0.956944 | 1,195 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Understand Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease often go hand-in-hand. Adults with diabetes are two to four times more likely to develop heart disease or have a stroke than people without diabetes. In fact, about 68 percent of people with diabetes die of heart disease or stroke - one more factor that makes cardiovascular disease the most common cause of death in both men and women. In addition, people with diabetes often have a build-up of atherosclerotic plaque throughout the body. About one in three people with diabetes over the age of 50 has peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is the narrowing of blood vessels by plaque in parts of the body other than the heart, for example in the legs or the kidneys.
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://secondscount.org/heart-condition-centers/diabetes-cardiovascular-disease
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en
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An IP-rated transit case has a water and air-tight seal between lid or cover and body. That seal must be maintained in the face of relative movement caused by rough handling, pressure differentials between interior and exterior, and temperature extremes. That seal is formed by an O-ring. Circular in cross-section, an O-ring is a one-piece ring of molded rubber. It is placed into a groove running around the periphery of the case opening. When the lid is closed and latched down, the O-ring is compressed between the two surfaces. This creates a seal that’s water and air-tight. Because the O-ring is made of soft Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber, the seal is maintained as the case lid moves and the walls flex. Benefits of EPDM
EPDM makes a great sealing material. It’s compressible and remains soft. It’s effective at temperatures as low as -25°C (-13°F) and endures prolonged temperatures up to 125°C (257°F). Some formulations will go as low as -50°C and as high as 150°C. In extreme cold, it will lose elasticity. But, the effect reverses as the temperature rises. However, exceeding the upper temperature limit can cause permanent damage. EPDM also demonstrates good resistance to heat, ozone and steam. That makes it a good material to use in hot, humid, and polluted environments. EPDM will take a compression set, meaning it retains its compressed form. Once a seal has been made, the case may be opened and closed hundreds of times and remain air and water tight. Extreme high temperature and pressure deteriorates rubber. In this case, the O-ring may soften and flow through the parting line. A replacement O-ring will be needed. In very low temperatures though, when the O-ring shrinks, the seal may fail. Another problem is EPDM swells when exposed to hydrocarbons like oil and gasoline. In this situation, the rubber expands to take up the space available in the groove. It may expand past the parting line and interfere with closing the case. The effect is not reversible. The O-ring must be replaced. EPDM is also vulnerable to UV degradation. So, prolonged exposure to bright sunlight should be avoided. Maintaining an IP-rating
An O-ring is essential for creating an air and water-tight seal. If it appears damaged, the case may not provide the expected level of protection. If in doubt, consider replacement.
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Ottoman Empire in Kosovo and Albanian history books
How the history of the Ottoman Empire in Kosovo and Albania is written has important implications for Kosovo and Albania's relations with Turkey. By Muhamet Brajshori for Southeast European Times in Pristina
Turkish Foreign Minister Davutoglu's concept of "strategic depth" faces problems in Kosovo and Albanian history books. [Reuters]
In the history books of Kosovo and Albania, full of nationalist building discourse, the Ottoman Empire, and in some cases Turkey, are considered an oppressor due to nearly five centuries of Ottoman rule. However, historians argue that this nationalist-based perception could have a long-term impact on relations with a resurgent Turkey in the region. Olsi Jazexhi, who is doing his PhD on Albanian nationalism, tells SETimes the history books on the Ottoman Empire and Turkey reflect a prejudice that is influenced by so-called Albanian European nationalism, which had different stages of development, beginning during the Ottoman presence until Communist rule. "All those stages show Europe as a destination of the Albanians, and Turkey as the opposite of it, and since 9/11 show Islam as part of this evil," says Jazexhi. Describing the Ottoman period, a history book written for primary schools in Kosovo describes the influence of Islam on Kosovo. "Factors which had impact on the spread of Islam were: pressure on the people through land taxes, which should be paid only by Christians, abducting boys and taking them to Istanbul where they faced Islamisation and education in Islamic way, reprisals of the state organs on the population, etc." In this context, one issue discussed among experts and historians is whether the Ottoman Empire was an occupying country in Albania and Kosovo.............................
more see: http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2011/07/25/feature-02
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One would assume that the most distinguishing characteristics of the most accomplished Google employees are their skills in computer engineering, programming, math, or some other technical skill. But, quite surprisingly, this isn't the case. Of course, their expertise in these technical areas are topnotch, but it is their skill when it comes to connecting and communicating with other people that have become their most valuable asset. “Among the eight most important qualities of Google’s top employees, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) expertise comes in dead last,” said Cathy N. Davidson, the founding director of the Futures Initiative and author of The New Education: How to Revolutionize the University to Prepare Students for a World in Flux,” in an article published in The Washington Post. This insight was gained from Google's Project Oxygen, which was launched in 2013 to see the qualities that made for a good manager or boss. Google’s best workers were excellent in the following top four skills and qualities:
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being a good coach
communicating and listening well
possessing insights into others (including others different values and points of view)
having empathy toward and being supportive of one’s colleagues
The other qualities before technical skills (that came in eighth place) were skills related to problem-solving, abstract thinking, and critical thinking. In a 2017 study called Project Aristotle by Google to see what qualities good teams and its members possess, smarts took a back seat again to skills best learned outside of textbooks. Aside from practicing responsibility and dependability, team members knew to listen to each teammate and to hold back judgments. They also knew to give each member ample time to talk and share. The group discussions were a safe space to communicate because everyone recognized and respected the value of each member. The message is clear: Kids who become successful as adults are not necessarily those with a high IQ score. What parents can nurture in their child early on is the emotional quotient (EQ). As explained by Howard Gardner, an influential Harvard theorist, “Your EQ is the level of your ability to understand other people, what motivates them and how to work cooperatively with them.”
To attain a high EQ, your child must have the ability to attune to his emotions and relate to other people from a young age.
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Start with these tips from Dr. Laura Padilla Walker, associate director of Brigham Young University’s School of Family Life:
Identify feelings and talk about it Encourage your child to be self-aware by identifying and validating his feelings when he's angry or upset. Say, “You’re angry because you want wanted to play with that toy. I understand — it’s okay to feel angry, but it’s not okay to throw things.” This way, he’ll know what he’s feeling is anger, and he can see and later understand that other children experience the emotion, too. Model empathy Our actions can often speak louder than our words, especially to our children. They learn from seeing how we live our lives and interact with other people. You can also model empathy by expressing concern for other people or trying out ways to make someone else’s day brighter. From your example, he’ll learn how to manage his anger and other intense emotions especially those directed towards others. Provide opportunities to care for other people Volunteering for a meaningful cause or simply helping out a neighbor in need is key to developing a child's ability to act on empathetic feelings, says Dr. Padilla Walker. If your child is old enough, look for opportunities around your neighborhood for you and your kid to volunteer or help out. It creates a good opportunity to learn about gratitude, too. “We desperately need the expertise of those who are educated to the human, cultural, and social as well as the computational,” said Davidson. “Broad learning skills are the key to long-term, satisfying, productive careers.”
If you still aren’t convinced, Jack Ma attributed part of his success to EQ. Founder of Alibaba and the second richest man in China, whose worth is at a staggering $38.3 billion, said, “No matter how smart you are if you never know how to work with people, you will never succeed.” (Read more about it here.) Find more tips on how to raise a child high in EQ here and here.
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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| 0.968356 | 936 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Table of Contents :
Top Suggestions Tracing Squares Worksheet For Preschool :
Tracing Squares Worksheet For Preschool On this worksheet kids trace the number 18 several times then write their own after tracing and writing the number they count the number of squares they see in the picture 18 and record the Challenge your students to practice tracing basic shapes in this geometry worksheet with examples of four familiar two dimensional shapes circles squares triangles activity is a great addition Data analysed from the nhs test and trace app also showed the second most common place to contract coronavirus were secondary schools followed by primary schools and then hospitals public. Tracing Squares Worksheet For Preschool Providence r i wpri ibm has provided rhode island with a new analysis of contact tracing data that suggests during the second wave the one square mile community with nearly A raft of new restrictions will come into effect from midnight tonight after a cluster of coronavirus cases in adelaide rose Contact tracing has begun and all members of the administration who have been within 6 feet 2 meters of reiss for 15 minutes or more will self quarantine for 14 days in addition to lamont. Tracing Squares Worksheet For Preschool The report which used a model based on king county schools found that in person learning without countermeasures without grouping students screening for symptoms contact tracing and masks The state also updated the data that it posts related to contact tracing which involves reaching which includes more than 11 million square feet of freezer and cooler space may not He says coronavirus testing stations will operate on extended hours and the state s contact tracing resources have with one person per four square metres churches will be capped at.
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Coloring Tracing And Drawing Squares Worksheets
Our Printable Coloring Tracing And Drawing Squares Worksheets Give You A Valuable Kid S Resource To Mine For Learning And Fun Rounded Up Here Are Amazing Exercises Like Identifying Coloring Tracing And Drawing Squares Add A Touch Of Real Life As Kids Find Square Objects In Their Environment And Follow Up With Cut And Glue And Tracing The Path Activities That Are Enough To Keep Your
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Square Worksheet Preschoolplanet
Easy Square Worksheet Here Is Funny Square Worksheet For Kindergarten Preschool And First Graders You Can Practice Or Teach What Is Square To Little Ones First Color The Squares Together Then Practice Tracing Them At Last Connect The Dots To Make Squares
Free Printable Tracing Square Worksheet For Preschool Page
Get More Than Worksheets Here Including Free Printable Tracing Square Worksheet For Preschool Page 3 As Well As Other Worksheets Available Here Read More To See Free Printable Tracing Square Worksheet For Preschool Page 3 That We Have Served YouSquares Kidzone Educational Worksheets
Preschool And Kindergarten Shapes Recognition Practice Squares Worksheets From Easiest To Most Difficult Trace A Square Print The Word Square Trace Squares Color Red Trace Squares Multi Colors Trace Squares Color Green Trace Squares And Triangles Color Yellow And Brown Trace Squares And Circles Color Blue And Orange Trace Squares And Ovals Color Grey And Pink Trace Squares And30 Preschool Tracing Worksheets Ideas In Preschool
Apr 4 Explore Loretta Croke S Board Preschool Tracing Worksheets Followed By 172 People See More Ideas About Preschool Preschool Tracing Preschool ActivitiesShape Tracing Worksheets Preschool Mom
Free Tracing Worksheets Shapes Now Let S Get To The Fun Part These Free And Adorable Shape Sheets Are Easy To Print And Kids Won T Even Notice They Are Learning You Ll Find Practically Every Shape Including Circles Diamonds Squares Ovals Rectangles Octagons Hexagons Pentagons Trapezoids And Triangles Choose All Or Some It
15 Activities For Teaching Squares To Toddlers And
Inside These 15 Square Activities Are Great For Toddlers Who Are Learning Their Shapes Excellent At Home And In The Preschool Classroom As The School Year Progresses We Have Moved On From Teaching Our Toddlers Circles To Teaching Them Squares This Is Where We Begin To Incorporate Counting With Our Shapes Because We Count 4 Sides To Make Sure It S A Square
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Tracing Squares Worksheet For Preschool.
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The worksheet is an assortment of 4 intriguing pursuits that will enhance your kid's knowledge and abilities. The worksheets are offered in developmentally appropriate versions for kids of different ages. Adding and subtracting integers worksheets in many ranges including a number of choices for parentheses use. You can begin with the uppercase cursives and after that move forward with the lowercase cursives. Handwriting for kids will also be rather simple to develop in such a fashion. If you're an adult and wish to increase your handwriting, it can be accomplished. As a result, in the event that you really wish to enhance handwriting of your kid, hurry to explore the advantages of an intelligent learning tool now! Consider how you wish to compose your private faith statement. Sometimes letters have to be adjusted to fit in a particular space. When a letter does not have any verticals like a capital A or V, the very first diagonal stroke is regarded as the stem. The connected and slanted letters will be quite simple to form once the many shapes re learnt well. Even something as easy as guessing the beginning letter of long words can assist your child improve his phonics abilities. Tracing Squares Worksheet For Preschool. There isn't anything like a superb story, and nothing like being the person who started a renowned urban legend. Deciding upon the ideal approach route Cursive writing is basically joined-up handwriting. Practice reading by yourself as often as possible. Research urban legends to obtain a concept of what's out there prior to making a new one. You are still not sure the radicals have the proper idea. Naturally, you won't use the majority of your ideas. If you've got an idea for a tool please inform us. That means you can begin right where you are no matter how little you might feel you've got to give. You are also quite suspicious of any revolutionary shift. In earlier times you've stated that the move of independence may be too early. Each lesson in handwriting should start on a fresh new page, so the little one becomes enough room to practice. Every handwriting lesson should begin with the alphabets. Handwriting learning is just one of the most important learning needs of a kid. Learning how to read isn't just challenging, but fun too.
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| 0.909646 | 2,113 | 3.21875 | 3 |
The use of grids The use of grids is vital in earning your child learn to Improve handwriting. Also, bear in mind that maybe your very first try at brainstorming may not bring anything relevant, but don't stop trying. Once you are able to work, you might be surprised how much you get done. Take into consideration how you feel about yourself. Getting able to modify the tracking helps fit more letters in a little space or spread out letters if they're too tight. Perhaps you must enlist the aid of another man to encourage or help you keep focused. Tracing Squares Worksheet For Preschool. Try to remember, you always have to care for your child with amazing care, compassion and affection to be able to help him learn. You may also ask your kid's teacher for extra worksheets. Your son or daughter is not going to just learn a different sort of font but in addition learn how to write elegantly because cursive writing is quite beautiful to check out. As a result, if a kid is already suffering from ADHD his handwriting will definitely be affected. Accordingly, to be able to accomplish this, if children are taught to form different shapes in a suitable fashion, it is going to enable them to compose the letters in a really smooth and easy method. Although it can be cute every time a youngster says he runned on the playground, students want to understand how to use past tense so as to speak and write correctly. Let say, you would like to boost your son's or daughter's handwriting, it is but obvious that you want to give your son or daughter plenty of practice, as they say, practice makes perfect. Without phonics skills, it's almost impossible, especially for kids, to learn how to read new words. Techniques to Handle Attention Issues It is extremely essential that should you discover your kid is inattentive to his learning especially when it has to do with reading and writing issues you must begin working on various ways and to improve it. Use a student's name in every sentence so there's a single sentence for each kid. Because he or she learns at his own rate, there is some variability in the age when a child is ready to learn to read. Teaching your kid to form the alphabets is quite a complicated practice.
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Unikernels are the smallest lightweight virtual machines (VMs) one can create: they are VMs where there is no traditional operating system running underneath the application; instead, the application is compiled against bits of OS functionality that it needs, resulting in a very small app+OS bundle. Developing applications with unikernels is a manual process today requiring significant expert resources, which prevents them from being widely used by the software industry. UNICORE will enable standard developers and dev-ops engineers to create, maintain and deploy unikernels with ease. UNICORE will build the toolstack under the umbrella of the nascent Unikraft Xen subproject under the auspices of the Linux Foundation. Unikraft focuses on easing the creation of building unikernels, which compile source code into a lean operating system that only includes the functionality required by the application logic. We encourage you to try the Unikraft Tutorial and build your first Unikernel!
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| 0.904232 | 195 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Etymology: Malva: a Latin name for mallow taken from the Greek malache, or malakos, referring to the leaves and an ointment made from the seeds which was supposed to be soothing to the skin
Plants: erect to drooping, annual/biennial/perennial, up to 3' tall forb usually branched from the base
Leaves: long-stalked, round to kidney-shaped with 5-9 shallow lobes, rounded teeth, mostly with a heart-shaped base
Flowers: white to light pink, 5-parted, 1/2"-1" wide, petals 2 times as long as the sepals, 3 very small bracts below; inflorescence a small cluster from the leaf axils; blooms June-Oct.
Habitat: disturbed sites, farmyards, gardens
USDA Plants Database: Federal Distribution and detailed information including photos Dan Tenaglia's The Missouri Flora: Fabulous photographs; detailed descriptions; color and leave arrangement key. Illinois Wildflowers: Wonderful photographs; detailed descriptions; color and leaf arrangement key Southwest School of Botanical Medicine: Britton & Brown Illustrated Flora - 2nd Edition (1913) "An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada"
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en
| 0.892804 | 269 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Etymology: Polanisia: from poly for "many" and ansos for "unequal," referring to how this differs from the stamens in Cleome
Plants: erect, annual, 8"-20" tall forb, with sticky hairs and unpleasant odor
Leaves: 3-parted, on stalks about the same length as the leaf blade
Flowers: white to pinkish, 4-parted, 1/4" long, irregular-shaped with long claws, the side petals longest, stamens much longer than the petals; inflorescence a terminal cluster (raceme) of many, stalked flowers; blooms July-Sept. Fruits: long, pea-like capsule, mostly stalkless, erect, slightly hairy, sticky
Habitat: disturbed sites, stream sides; in gravelly, sandy soil
Conservation Status: Native
Flora of North America: Flora of North America Floristic Rating: Coefficient of Conservatism = 2, Wetland Indicator = UPL* USDA Plants Database: Federal Distribution and detailed information including photos Dan Tenaglia's The Missouri Flora: Fabulous photographs; detailed descriptions; color and leave arrangement key. Illinois Wildflowers: Wonderful photographs; detailed descriptions; color and leaf arrangement key Southwest School of Botanical Medicine: Britton & Brown Illustrated Flora - 2nd Edition (1913) "An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada"
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| 0.859636 | 303 | 3.171875 | 3 |
[Micrampelis lobata (Michx.) Greene, more]
Etymology: Echinocystis: Greek echinos for "hedgehog" and cystis for "bladder," from prickly fruit
Plants: annual, herbaceous vine; stems with many branching tendrils
Leaves: long-stalked, 3-5 sharply-triangular lobes
Flowers: white, 6-parted, 1/3" wide, male flowers star-like with thin, long petals; inflorescence with male flowers in a long, erect cluster (raceme) interspersed with 1 to a few female flowers; blooms July-Sept. Fruits: green, oval, 1" long, inflated capsule with soft prickles; 4 seeds
Habitat: wet to moist; streambanks, thickets, roadsides
Conservation Status: Native
Floristic Rating: Coefficient of Conservatism = 2, Wetland Indicator = FACW- USDA Plants Database: Federal Distribution and detailed information including photos USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS): Images of seeds, fruits, embryos, etc. Southwest School of Botanical Medicine: Britton & Brown Illustrated Flora - 2nd Edition (1913) "An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada"
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| 0.822938 | 273 | 3.0625 | 3 |
|Select magazine number|
Physicist Oleksandr Smakula and his contributions to science
The Ukrainian scientist Oleksandr Smakula (1900–1983) was one of the luminaries in the realm of physics of the twentieth century, but unfortunately — and similarly to the way it happened with some of the other prominent Ukrainian scientists, his name and his contributions to science remain largely unknown in Ukraine. Vasyl Lypovetsky, a lecturer at the Ternopil State Technical University, Prof. Vasyl Shenderovsky, director of the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and Prof. Petro Yasniy, president of the Ternopil State Technical University throw some light in their jointly written essay on the life and work of Oleksandr Smakula. The number of people who work in various fields of science and technology and contribute to their development is in hundreds of thousands, if not in millions, but only a few become known to the general public, mostly thanks to being awarded Nobel and other prizes. The story of many Ukrainian scientists is much more dramatic — because of the tempestuous history of Ukraine, particularly in the twentieth century, their work and contribution remained largely unknown in Ukraine. Among such scientists we should mention Ivan Pulluyi, Ivan Horbachevsky, Stepan Tymoshenko, Yury Kondratyuk, Borys Hrabovsky, and Oleksandr Smakula. In fact, the list is much longer, but in this essay we shall focus on Oleksandr Smakula. Oleksandr Smakula made a worthy contribution to the solid-state physics, electronics, optoelectronics, molecular biology and thin-film physics, quantum principles, optics, meteorology, and technologies of making new materials for electronic and optical devices. His discoveries and achievements are many: Smakula’s formula; Smakula’s non-reflective sphere; refined optics; anti-radar coating; Smakula’s precision method for determining Avogadro’s number; an improved method of growing monocrystals; prismatic punching for examining plastic deformations of crystals; Smakula’s inversion mechanism to examine phototransformations in molecules and crystals of stilbene; Smakula’s materials for infrared devices, to name but the most important things. Oleksandr Smakula was born in the village of Dobryvody in the Land of Ternopilshchyna on September 9 1900. The area where the village is situated is known as Podilski Tovtry, or Holohory, or Medobory. The village of Dobryvody is mentioned in documents that date from the second half of the fifteenth century; originally, it was called Dobra Voda (Good Water) because of three springs with water that had medicinal properties.
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| 0.968053 | 2,241 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Oleksandr’s mother, Mariya, gave birth to her second son in a forest when she was returning from a visit to a nearby village. There were four children in Oleksandr’s family, he was the second oldest. Oleksandr was an inquisitive child who liked to tell stories which were popular among other children of the village. After completing studies at the local school, he continued his education at a school in the town of Zbarazh. He was particularly fond of the Ukrainian writings of Shevchenko, Franko, Starytsky and Karpenko-Kary. The First World War and Civil War that followed disrupted his education, and in 1918 he, motivated by patriotic feelings and love of freedom, joined the Ukrainian Halychyna Army and fought for Ukraine’s independence. Ukraine failed to retain her independence, and in 1920, Oleksandr returned home to recuperate from typhus, and then resumed his studies, but this time it was a school in Ternopil, the town which was situated 20 kilometers away from his native village. The only way to get to his school was to walk all the distance on foot, but it did not prevent Oleksandr from completing his secondary education with academic distinction. The only subject he did not quite excel in was “Singing.” It is known that at the graduation examination in literature, he chose to write about “Relations of Ukraine with Western Europe.”
Oleksandr showed a great aptitude for sciences and his teacher, Myron Zarytsky, who happened to be a well-known mathematician, advised Oleksandr to go to Germany and try his luck at the University of Georg-August in Guttingen (western Ukraine at that time was not yet under the soviet domination and travel to western Europe was still possible). This university was famous for its research in physics; such prominent scientists as Werner Geisenberg, Max Born and Robert Paul worked there. Smakula did get accepted by the university and he studied under Prof. Robert Paul. In 1927, he earned a doctorate with a thesis on absorption spectra of haloid and other phosphoruses activated by silver and copper. Smakula attended seminars of those scientists who were working out quantum mechanics. It helped his research into the mechanisms of the effect of electromagnetic radiation upon solids. Smakula explained the mechanism of radiation coloration of metals and developed a mathematical formula known as Smakula’s formula.
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<urn:uuid:6c5e1284-615c-433a-b2ef-9dd180f70f9a>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20083/92
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.968053 | 2,241 | 2.515625 | 3 |
In 1928 Smakula returned to Ukraine and taught at the University of Odesa, but in 1929, finding that the interfering interest the soviet secret service took in him and in his work was too much for him, he returned to Germany. He landed a research job at the Institute of Physics at Guttingen University. Later, he moved to Heidelberg University where he headed an optical laboratory of the Medical Institute. His work there proved to be very fruitful. One of the physical phenomena he researched and explained is now known as Smakula’s inversion. In 1934, he was made director of the research laboratory of the Karl Zeiss Company in Jena. His discoveries were later used in making night-vision devices. In 1935, he patented methods of improving the quality of optics and such methods are now widely used in refining optical devices. Not much is known about Oleksandr Smakula’s life and work in Germany during the Second World War. At the end of the war, he found himself within the US occupation zone, and he, as well as a number of other German scientists and engineers, was taken to the USA where he worked at a military laboratory in Virginia, developing technology for making infrared devices. In 1951, Oleksandr Smakula was invited to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he headed a laboratory of physics of crystals. He did research into solid-state electronics, electro-optic materials, ferromagnetic and piezoelectric materials, rare-earth elements and lasers based on them, thin films, non-linear, semi-conductor crystals, organic and superconducting structures. MIT was the scientific center where at that time such great scientists as Norbert Wiener, the founder of cybernetics, Claude Shannon, John Slater and Noah Chomsky worked. It was an inspiring atmosphere of daring scientific research in which Smakula found himself in. His discoveries in the field of crystals were particularly significant. His comprehensive monograph that dealt with monocrystals was published in Berlin in 1962 and remains relevant today. Oleksandr Smakula was elected member of many scientific societies and academies (among them — Shevchenko Scientific Society and Society of Ukrainian Engineers in America) and recipient of many prizes and awards, but neither his contributions to science nor even his name as a leading scientist were actually known in Ukraine. Even specialized publications in Ukraine, such as Fizyky (Who’s Who in Physics today) did not contain references to him.
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<urn:uuid:6c5e1284-615c-433a-b2ef-9dd180f70f9a>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20083/92
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.968053 | 2,241 | 2.515625 | 3 |
But specialized publications and reference books on physics in the west carry a lot of references to Smakula. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary since his birth, 2000 was proclaimed by UNESCO to be the year of Oleksandr Smakula. His discoveries led to breakthroughs in various fields of physics and technology — in nanotechnology, sensor devices, adaptronica, photonica, biomaterials and neuroinformatics, to mention but some. People who knew him or met him at scientific conferences recollect that he retained and cherished his memories of Ukraine. In a letter to his brother Andriy who lived in his native village of Dobryvody, Smakula wrote, “I’ve been living in foreign lands for more than forty years now, but I will never forget my native land. When I feel sad, I reread Shevchenko’s Kobzar and it helps relieve my melancholy.” In his house in Boston, he had a room entirely devoted to things Ukrainian — embroidered shirts, souvenirs, memorabilia and books about Ukraine, its culture and history. Smakula took part in the life of the Ukrainian community in Boston. Oleksandr Smakula did get to visit his native village in Ukraine. It happened in September 1964 when he was invited by the then Academy of Science of the Soviet Union and personally by its head Academician M. Keldysh, to attend an international conference devoted to crystallography. The conference was to be held in Armenia, but Smakula was allowed to make a stop in Ukraine on his way there. It was a very emotional visit. O. Smakula died in May 1983 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. His children and their families live in various cities of the USA. On the occasion of Smakula’s 80th birthday,
Oleksandr Smakula’s friends and colleagues from
the Society of Ukrainian Engineers of America
gathered in his house in Massachusetts, USA. Oleksandr Smakula and his wife Erica. Late 1960s. In the laboratory of physics of crystals, of which
Oleksandr Smakula was the founder, at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Early 1960s. A special envelope, dedicated to Oleksandr Smakula
and released in Ukraine in 2000 in commemoration
of one hundred’s anniversary of Oleksandr
At a sitting of the Society of Ukrainian Engineers
At the unveiling of the monument to Oleksandr
Smakula in the village of Dobrovody; the monument
was erected in commemoration of one hundred’s
anniversary of Oleksandr Smakula’s birth. |ñîçäàíèå ñàéòà http://www.htd.kiev.ua © 2002 - 2014|
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<urn:uuid:6c5e1284-615c-433a-b2ef-9dd180f70f9a>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20083/92
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.968053 | 2,241 | 2.515625 | 3 |
- Cryptococcosis in Cats
- Agent properties
- Clinical signs
- Nasal form
- CNS form
- Cutaneous form
- Systemic form
- Antigen detection
- Polymerase chain reaction
- Antibody detection
- Diagnostic imaging
- Disease management
Cryptococcosis in Cats
Edited November, 2016
The Cryptococcosis in cats guidelines were first published in the J Feline Med Surg 2013, 15: 611-618 by Maria Grazia Pennisi et al. The present guidelines were updated by Maria Grazia Pennisi. Cryptococcosis is worldwide the most common systemic fungal disease in cats; it is caused by the C. neoformans-C.gattii species complex, which includes eight genotypes and some subtypes (strains) with different geographical distribution, pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility. Cryptococcosis is a non-contagious, rare or sporadic disease; cats acquire the infection from a contaminated environment. Prognosis is favourable in most cases, provided diagnosis is obtained sufficiently early (before dissemination or before the development of irreversible lesions) and patients and owners are co-operative to provide a long course treatment (months) and follow-up (years). Basidiospores are the infectious propagules of Cryptococcus as they penetrate the respiratory system and induce the primary infection. Asymptomatic colonization of the respiratory tract is more common than clinical disease. Avian guanos, particularly pigeon droppings, offer favourable conditions for the reproduction of C. neoformans, but both Cryptococcus species are associated with decaying vegetation such as Eucalyptus leaves. Cryptococcosis caused by C. neoformans or C. gattii is indistinguishable clinically. The disease can present in several different clinical forms, including the nasal form, CNS form (which can derive from the nasal form or occur independently), the cutaneous form and the systemic form. Geographical differences in the prevalence of some clinical presentations are postulated as a consequence of the distribution of genotypes with different virulence. An easy and reliable test for cryptococcosis diagnosis is antigen detection in body fluids. Alternatively, biopsy samples can be collected from lesions and be submitted for cytology, culture, histopathology and PCR. Only isolation and PCR give the opportunity to identify the species and the genotype involved. Treatment guidelines have not been established and the choice of the appropriate antifungal drug depends on many factors, including the owner compliance. Amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole have all been used to treat cats. Surgical excision of any nodules located in the skin, nasal or oral mucosa is a valuable aid in cats under medical therapy.
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<urn:uuid:7828386a-f9cf-4b45-87f2-d6b5beebbd9d>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.abcdcatsvets.org/cryptococcosis/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.846216 | 8,686 | 2.875 | 3 |
In general, treatment is recommended until the antigen test is negative. The presence of avian guanos, particularly pigeon droppings and some decaying vegetation substrates such as Eucalyptus leaves may be considered a risk factor but efficient preventative measures have not been demonstrated. Vaccines are not available. Feline cryptococcosis (FC), discovered over a century ago, is a non-contagious systemic fungal disease acquired from contaminated environment. For this reason it is not considered a zoonotic disease; animals may serve as sentinel hosts. FC is caused by basidiomycetous yeasts of the genus Cryptococcus belonging to the C. neoformans-C. gattii complex. A previous classification distinguished five serotypes (A, B, C, D, AD) according to antigenic characteristics of the capsular polysaccharide (Sykes and Malik, 2012). The updated nomenclature based also on genotyping differentiates two main species affecting cats: C. neoformans – including the varieties C. n.var. grubii (former serotype A) and C. n. var. neoformans (former serotype D) – and C. gattii (former serotypes B and C). According to molecular characterization, isolates from the C. neoformans-C. gattii complex includes eight genotypes and some subtypes (strains) with different geographical distribution, pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility (Lester et al., 2011). Small size infectious propagules such as basidiospores (<2 μm) and desiccated yeast cells (<3 μm) are easily dispersed by air flow and can penetrate the respiratory system where the primary infection takes place. The fungus can differentiate into several morphological forms including yeast, chlamydospores, pseudohyphae and hyphae under certain conditions but it is typically present in the yeast form in mammalian hosts, reproducing by mitosis in animal tissues (Alspaugh et al., 2000; Lin and Heitman, 2006). Other species were rarely reported: C. albidus that may affect immunocompromised cats and C. magnus isolated in cats affected by otitis (Kano et al., 2004, 2008). Cryptococcosis affects humans, cats, dogs, ferrets, horses, goats, sheep, cattle, dolphins, birds, koalas, and other marsupials (Sykes and Malik, 2012). It has a worldwide distribution and is observed more commonly in cats than in dogs (McGill et al., 2009). Unfortunately, Cryptococcus is not usually identified to the species and molecular level with routine diagnostic sampling, and data regarding the feline disease in Europe are from single case reports or small case series, since the disease usually occurs sporadically (Castella et al., 2008).
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<urn:uuid:7828386a-f9cf-4b45-87f2-d6b5beebbd9d>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.abcdcatsvets.org/cryptococcosis/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.846216 | 8,686 | 2.875 | 3 |
Larger retrospective studies are available only from Canada, Australia and California (Craig et al., 2002; O’Brien et al., 2004; Duncan et al., 2005, 2006; McGill et al., 2009; Sykes et al., 2010). The disease is usually rare or sporadic. However, in 1999, a large-scale outbreak of cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii for the first time involved humans, terrestrial (dogs, cats, ferrets, llamas, horses, birds) and marine (porpoises Phocoenoides dalli) animals; it occurred on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada in a region characterized by wet, mild winters and dry, warm summers. It is now well known that C. gattii has a worldwide distribution with a high prevalence along the Pacific coast of North America. In Europe, it was reported from Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom (Lester et al., 2011). Also C. n. var. grubii has a worldwide distribution and is commonly isolated from affected individuals in various animal species. C. neoformans is considered a cosmopolitan opportunistic pathogen in human urban populations, whereas C. gattii is a true pathogen, more prevalent in rural areas (Sykes and Malik, 2012). Environmental exposure and asymptomatic colonization of the respiratory tract are more common than the clinical disease (Malik et al., 1997b; Connolly et al., 1999). Asymptomatic carriage of C. gattii has been recognized in 4.3% of cats, 1.1% of dogs and in 2% of wild animals (squirrel) trapped in British Columbia (Bartlett et al., 2003; Duncan et al., 2005). - neoformansecology is usually related to the presence of avian guanos, particularly pigeon droppings, which offer favourable conditions for the mitotic amplification and reproduction of the fungus, but both Cryptococcusspecies have been associated with decaying vegetation such as Eucalyptus leaves (Fortes et al., 2001). Pigeons serve as C. neoformans carriers that likely contribute to the world-wide distribution, as they carry Cryptococcus on their beaks, feathers, and legs (Pal, 1989). Animals, plants, soils and waterways are the sources from where the potential pathogen may be contracted. Cats are five to six times more likely to be affected by the disease than dogs, and three times more than horses (McGill et al., 2009).
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<urn:uuid:7828386a-f9cf-4b45-87f2-d6b5beebbd9d>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.abcdcatsvets.org/cryptococcosis/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.846216 | 8,686 | 2.875 | 3 |
Retrospective studies of feline cases tended to show a preponderance in males, although this finding was not confirmed in other studies (Malik et al., 1992; Flatland et al., 1996; Jacobs et al., 1997; Gerds-Grogan and Dayrell-Hart, 1997; Lester et al., 2004; McGill et al., 2009; Sykes et al., 2010). Pedigree breeds such as Ragdoll, Birman, Siamese and Himalayan were considered more often affected than domestic cats but again, this finding has not been confirmed in more recent studies (Malik et al., 1992; O’Brien et al., 2004; McGill et al., 2009; Sykes et al., 2010; Trivedi et al., 2011). In contrast with other animal species where usually young adults contract the infection, cats of all ages may be affected (Malik et al., 1992; McGill et al., 2009). No seasonal trend in the diagnosis of infection has been observed (McGill et al., 2009). Also lifestyle does not seem to be a risk factor – the disease has been reported in indoor cats, too. Cryptococcus is primarily an airborne pathogen, and the nasal cavity is usually the primary site of infection in cats and dogs. In most cases there is only a subclinical colonization without the invasion of the epithelium (Duncan et al., 2005). When invasion of mucosal tissues occurs, progression to disease occurs locally and/or systemically. In both people and cats, the infection may follow ingestion of desiccated yeast cells or, more rarely, cutaneous inoculation of fungal forms. The incubation period varies from months to years, and the source of infection often remains unknown. The virulence (genotype) and burden of the inhaled organisms influence the outcome of infection. From the upper respiratory tract the infection may spread locally to the CNS through the ethmoid bone, and rarely also to the lower respiratory tract or systemically (Martins et al., 2011). There are temperature-sensitive strains which are unable to grow at temperatures > 37.0°C and may cause infections only at body sites where the temperature is lower (skin, nose, scrotum) (Bemis et al., 2000; Lin, 2009). Antibodies produced against capsular antigens are not protective. Persistent infections can occur because the capsule of Cryptococcus yeast forms inhibits phagocytosis, and other virulence factors such as melanin production protects the yeast cells from oxidative damage.
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<urn:uuid:7828386a-f9cf-4b45-87f2-d6b5beebbd9d>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.abcdcatsvets.org/cryptococcosis/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.846216 | 8,686 | 2.875 | 3 |
It is therefore able to survive inside phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils and can be disseminated with these cells (Urban et al., 2006; Lester et al., 2011; Trivedi et al., 2011). Some studies suggested that cryptococcosis has a higher prevalence or a less favourable outcome in FeLV- or FIV-infected cats (Gerds-Grogan and Dayrell-Hart, 1997; Jacobs et al., 1997), but this conclusion has not been shared by others (Malik et al., 1992; O’Brien et al., 2004, 2006; Norris et al., 2007; Sykes et al., 2010). The disease has been reported in cats under chemotherapy or with a concurrent opportunistic infection so that a role for immunocompetence cannot be excluded in the pathogenesis of FC (Trivedi et al., 2011; Graham et al., 2011). Cryptococcosis caused by C. neoformans or C. gattii is clinically indistinguishable. This disease can present in several different clinical forms, including the nasal form, CNS form (which can derive from the nasal form or occur independently), the cutaneous form and the systemic form. Geographical differences in the prevalence of some clinical presentations are postulated as a consequence of the distribution of genotypes with different virulence. Abnormalities in blood tests are non-specific, if present, showing an inflammatory process. The nasal form is the most common in cats, presenting as a chronic sino-nasal disease, either alone or together with local spread to the skin, subcutis, bones and regional (sub-mandibular) lymph nodes (Malik et al., 1992; O’Brien et al., 2004; McGill et al., 2009). It induces naso-facial swelling followed by deep nonhealing ulceration draining gelatinous exudate, chronic nasal discharge (monolateral or bilateral) with serous, mucopurulent or bloody aspect, stertor and inspiratory dyspnoea, sneezing and snuffling and submandibular lymphadenopathy (Figs. 1-3). Anorexia and subsequent weight loss may also be a result of anosmia affecting cats with chronic nasal disease. Cryptococcus is an important differential in cats with chronic nasal discharge, regardless whether or not facial swelling and/or skin ulceration is present. In some cases, a protruding fleshy mass from one or both nostrils may occur. Nasopharyngeal granulomas (resembling polyps or cancer) presenting with stertor, inspiratory dyspnoea and open mouth-breathing have also been described (Malik et al., 1997a). Proliferative or ulcerated lesions in the oral cavity or pharynx may also develop. Otitis media/interna with vestibular signs may occur (Beatty et al., 2000, Paulin et al., 2013).
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<urn:uuid:7828386a-f9cf-4b45-87f2-d6b5beebbd9d>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.abcdcatsvets.org/cryptococcosis/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.846216 | 8,686 | 2.875 | 3 |
Where: Forest Lake Boulevard Park
Date: Sunday 25 May 2014
Time: From 9am – 12pm
Learn how to identify pest fish species and the impact they pose on our native fish and aquatic habitat. During the event, residents will able to fish for Tilapia, a hardy fish whose effective breeding habits can lead to it overrunning native species, other noxious fish such as carp, and ornamental fish commonly kept in home aquariums such as goldfish. To take part in the fishing activity, residents are asked to sign up at the registration marquee near the Stage area at the parklands where they will be directed to one of the designated fishing sites around the lake. There will also be a free sausage sizzle. Participants will be required to bring along their own fishing rod and line. Barb-free hooks will be provided to reduce the impact on native bycatch that will be returned to the water. Bait will be available on site. As this is an outdoors event, participants should also bring water, sun smart clothing, hat, sunscreen and enclosed shoes. All children, under the age of 18, must be accompanied by an adult. Note: Fishing in Forest Lake is normally prohibited, however Council has approval to oversee this one off event to raise awareness for and manage this pest species. More information about pest fish is available from the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry.
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<urn:uuid:706190fc-e617-43cf-b95c-2378de1ad5d9>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.angfaqld.org.au/aqp/blog/2014/05/07/bcc-pest-fish-education-event/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.943851 | 287 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The Cabbage White Butterfly (Pieris rapae) and the Cabbage Moth (Plutella xylostella), along with their offspring (the very hungry caterpillars!) are responsible for the eaten leaves and irregular holes in the leaves of vegetables such as Cabbage, Cauliflower, Kale, Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Bok Choi, Wombok and Watercress. The Cabbage White Butterfly (pictured here) is white with black spots on the wings. It is around 4cm across and has a Green-Blue caterpillar stage. The Cabbage Moth is greyish and small (around 1cm across) and has a Green-Brown caterpillar stage. Both the butterfly and the moth lay their eggs on the underside of young leaves. The eggs develop into sap-sucking ‘crawlers’ that excrete a sugary honeydew. This then attracts black or green sooty mould on the surface of the leaf. The crawlers then turn into caterpillars and start chewing vigorously on your vegies! What you can do:
- Pick off caterpillars by hand and run your fingers over the leaves to squash the eggs and crawlers. - These guys are very territorial, so there are a few ways you can make it seem like another moth or butterfly is already in residence. Eggshell halves or the plastic clips from loaves of bread can be taped together to look a little like a butterfly and strung above your crops. You can even try hanging a few little fake plastic butterflies. - Create a physical barrier by using exclusion netting (pictured here). Ideally you need to cover the entire bed for the whole growing season to stop the eggs being laid in the first place. Exclusion netting is available in the hardware section at BAAG. - Spray with a Microbial Insecticide. Dipel is a very low toxic microbial insecticide that contains a bacteria which is highly effective and selective for caterpillars. It is a bacteria that occurs naturally in the soil and it acts as a stomach poison only to these caterpillars. It is totally safe to many beneficial insects, mammals, birds, fish and plants. There is no witholding period when harvesting crops that have been sprayed with Dipel (they can safely be eaten immediately). Dipel breaks down naturally in sunlight, so repeat sprays are necessary every 5-7 days. Another good microbial insecticide is ‘Success’.
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<urn:uuid:4a787e46-8bde-4a3a-8de7-84dc8ca393cb>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.baag.com.au/cabbage-white-butterfly-and-cabbage-moth/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.94215 | 510 | 3.03125 | 3 |
|Title||The formation of cubic ice under conditions relevant to Earth’s atmosphere|
|Publication Type||Journal Article|
|Year of Publication||2005|
|Authors||Murray, BJ, Knopf, DA, Bertram, AK|
|Type of Article||Article|
|Keywords||CHEMISTRY, CLOUDS, crystallization, HALO, LIQUID WATER, MICROPHYSICS, NUCLEATION, PHASE-TRANSITIONS, X-RAY-DIFFRACTION|
An important mechanism for ice cloud formation in the Earth’s atmosphere is homogeneous nucleation of ice in aqueous droplets, and this process is generally assumed to produce hexagonal ice(1,2). However, there are some reports that the metastable crystalline phase of ice, cubic ice, may form in the Earth’s atmosphere(3-5). Here we present laboratory experiments demonstrating that cubic ice forms when micrometre-sized droplets of pure water and aqueous solutions freeze homogeneously at cooling rates approaching those found in the atmosphere. We find that the formation of cubic ice is dominant when droplets freeze at temperatures below 190 K, which is in the temperature range relevant for polar stratospheric clouds and clouds in the tropical tropopause region. These results, together with heat transfer calculations, suggest that cubic ice will form in the Earth’s atmosphere. If there were a significant fraction of cubic ice in some cold clouds this could increase their water vapour pressure, and modify their microphysics and ice particle size distributions(5). Under specific conditions this may lead to enhanced dehydration of the tropopause region(5). |URL||<Go to ISI>://000227494500041|
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<urn:uuid:8a415a3b-f4fe-4188-bf3a-eb1c26dfe31e>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.chem.ubc.ca/formation-cubic-ice-under-conditions-relevant-earth-s-atmosphere
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.79503 | 374 | 3.5 | 4 |
When the word pirate comes up, most people think of Henry Morgan, Captain Kidd, Calico Jack, and the notorious Edward Teach, aka Blackbeard. These are the pirates of the Atlantic ocean, the Caribbean and African coast. Not much is known about the Pacific pirates, but there are a couple that you may have heard of, Sir Francis Drake, Thomas Cavendish and Joris Spilbergen. All three of these men have been listed in connection with the Lost Ship of the Desert in one way or another. But Spilbergen is the one responsible for wreaking havoc all along the west coast of South America and attacking Cardona’s ship the San Fransisco. Not much is known about his younger days, but Joris, George in English, Spilbergen (please note that he spelled his last name Spilbergh) was born in Antwerp in 1568 and by the age of 28 he had already sailed to Africa and back, which was no small feat in his day. And just five years later he would be the commissioner-general aboard Admiral Jacob van Heemskerk’s flagship, the Aeolus, during the Battle of Gibraltar. On May 5th, 1601 he left the island of Walcheren, embarking on a voyage to Kandy (Sri Lanka) to meet with King Vimaladharmasurya, with hopes of opening a cinnamon trade. In 1614, he was the Admiral in charge of a six vessel Asian expedition for Balthazar de Moucheron, one of the most prominent family of merchants at the time. Later de Moucheron and other wealthy merchants would come together and form the Dutch East India company, and become one of the most dominating commercial forces for nearly two hundred years. However, this voyage was not to be just a civilian venture, before he left the government of the Netherlands granted him permission to attack any and all Spanish interests, in hopes of curtailing their dominance of the Pacific Coast. As Spilbergen rounded the Straits of Magellan, he headed north along the coast having some with some mixed results with the coastal communities. Some were peaceful and willing to trade, while others were heavily combative. At this time in history the Dutch and Spanish were in the middle of the Eighty Year War, this was the war of Dutch independence. However, at the time that Spilbergen was exploring the coastline there was a truce in place.
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<urn:uuid:5bad4c10-dba9-4f3c-8e47-b56a6ff4a099>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.lostshipofthedesert.com/joris-spilbergen-the-dutch-menace/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.981421 | 1,756 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Joris was content in traveling peacefully, but when he entered a warring Spanish town he fought back veraciously, and because of these battles his reputation grew. On May 29th Joris lands between Punta Lavapie and the island of Santa Maria, near modern day Conception Chile, and within two days he leads three companies of soldiers and sailors at dawn to sack the town and take what they needed. But the fight continued on, just weeks later he would arrive at Valparaiso and also headed to town with over 200 men, with the same result. But the decisive battle would happen at Canete. It’s here that Peruvian Viceroy Juan de Mendoza y Luna, the Marques de Montesclaros of the Knights of the Santiago Order, along with his nephew Rodrigo de Mendoza and Vice Admiral Pedro Fernandez del Pulgar decided it was time to shut Spilbergen down . At 4Pm on July 17th Joris and his fleet of five ships, one was lost earlier, were met by a flotilla of eight Spanish ships carried 46 guns and nearly 1000 men. But when they arrive, Spilbergen politely, or arrogantly, tells Mendoza that he prefers to engage in the morning. Mendoza promptly answers back with two cannon shots, and the battle is on. The fighting continues til about 10pm, and again the next day for quite some time. By the end of the skirmish two Spanish ships were sunk, Mendoza’s flagship fled being severely crippled, and the battle was over. Some much for the superior Spanish fleet of the Pacific, and you can bet his reputation had grown to an incredible height after this win. Joris did not come out unscathed, he badly needed repairs and had forty dead and some sixty wounded, so he headed for a safe location at Huarmey Peru. Once everything was shipshape, Spilbergen headed for the town of Paita, where again he stormed the town with over 300 men and stayed for two weeks sacking and eventually burning the town. On the evening of October 10th, Joris arrived just outside of Acapulco, but due to light winds he was unable to dock. He did receive an impromptu array of cannon fire from shore, so he sent in a small boat under a flag of truce asking the Governor Gregorio de Porres to allow him to purchase supplies.
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<urn:uuid:5bad4c10-dba9-4f3c-8e47-b56a6ff4a099>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.lostshipofthedesert.com/joris-spilbergen-the-dutch-menace/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.981421 | 1,756 | 3.265625 | 3 |
The governor agrees and Spilbergen’s crew spent the next week replenishing their supplies and visiting the town, peacefully. After their rest, the fleet headed north along the Mexican coast, and it wasn’t long before they were at it again. On October 26th Spilbergen’s fleet came across one of Nicolas Cardona’s ship the San Francisco, piloted by Martin de Aguirre, but as soon as the Dutch ships were spotted most of the crew abandoned ship. There were only eleven people left on the ship by the time Spilbergen’s crew arrived, this included Sargento Mayor Pedro Alvarez de Rosales, two Franciscan priests and the pilot. There has been a lot of speculation on what type of ship it was, according to legend it was a caravel, while the historians have stated that it was a small frigate. And unfortunately Joris doesn’t really leave any more information for us to go on, in his journal he states:
From the 21st until the 25th we tacked and tacked again without making much progress, by reason of the calm still continuing, when in the evening we saw in front of us a ship, which we hoped to be able to overtake that night. (East and West Indian Mirror by Joris Van Spilbergen page 109)
As far as what the ship had in the way of “booty,” there wasn’t much either, but he does leave an interesting statement about what the ship carried:
This vessel was laden only with a few pieces of furniture of little importance, and with some provisions, which were dealt out amongst our ships. She had been out fishing for pearls, but had caught nothing; was well equipped with four metal guns and two small mortars, some hooks and other arms and ammunition, so that she seemed to have been fitted out for war rather than for fishing. (East and West Indian Mirror by Joris Van Spilbergen page 110)
Is this the type of armament that a caravel would carry, or is it something that would be expected on a warring frigate? Truth is, we simply don’t know and there is really nothing solid that we can really on, unfortunately. Once the San Fransisco was placed into Spilbergens fleet, she was renamed the Pearl (Perel in Dutch), and they headed to Salagua for supplies. But this was not the last time Joris would have a run in with Cardona.
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<urn:uuid:5bad4c10-dba9-4f3c-8e47-b56a6ff4a099>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.lostshipofthedesert.com/joris-spilbergen-the-dutch-menace/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.981421 | 1,756 | 3.265625 | 3 |
When Cardona and what was left of the crew abandoned ship, they met up with Sebastian Viscaino and two hundred men patrolling the shore. After explaining what happened the group headed to Salagua, but it appears that the Dutch were not fooled. On evening of November 10th, Joris sent a couple of heavily armed boats, but when they arrived they noticed the beach was covered in footprints from Viscaino’s men, so they retreated back to the ship. Later that night Spilbergen released Rosales with a letter stating that he only wanted to resupply, peacefully. But the Spaniards would not have it, and for most of the next day a battle waged on and only stopped when the gun powder ran low. This ends Spilbergens involvement with Cardona and the Lost Ship. By December 6th 1615, Spilbergen headed to the Dutch Indies and then back to the Netherlands, completing his circumnavigation of the globe. He would die within five years at Bergen Op Zoom, broke and penniless…
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<urn:uuid:5bad4c10-dba9-4f3c-8e47-b56a6ff4a099>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.lostshipofthedesert.com/joris-spilbergen-the-dutch-menace/
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en
| 0.981421 | 1,756 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Often students try to avoid essay writing in their normal study course. However, they forget that essay writing is the most important part of the curriculum. Today due to competition there is a high expectation from students. With the burden of academic subjects, students often become careless about essay writing. They do not get enough time to think about developing a good essay writing skill. Essaytyper
However, with the advent of technology, things have become quite easy for students. The online essay writing services educate the students how to write a good essay. Consider these simple steps and become a professional essay writer:
- Consider essay as a process and not a task bounded with deadlines. You have to consider reading, thinking, planning and organizing your thoughts. You have to understand the topic and study about the topic. Primary research is very important before drafting your thoughts. Once you are finished with research process, start thinking creatively about the topic and make notes or pointers, which will help you during documentation process. - The blank screen or paper in front of you while drafting essay is the most difficult part of the process. You must sketch out a plan before writing. Once you have written down your points, start assembling these points. Give each point a logical heading; this will help you to elaborate your points. These will later develop into paragraphs of your essay. The most important subheads will include:
An introduction, which will explain the sources of your study
Main body, which is an analysis of your topic. It will include the opinions, comments and findings. You can quote about some scientific research or media studies. Conclusion is where you force the reader to accept your points. You can conclude with quotes or even end with a question that will boggle reader’s mind. All these points will give you an outline to your essay writing. Do not stick to one point. This makes the reader disinterested in your writing. - Your correct English is the most compelling part of essay writing. Use simple but correct English. Your essay may not be flowery in writing but must have substance in the subject. If it is argumentative, you must collect enough data to make it genuine. To improve on these points you must read many editorial sections from magazines or newspapers.
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<urn:uuid:55de1818-3c5b-48da-98ee-9eb4b27b5cd8>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.maxwellketo.org/successful-steps-to-good-essay-writing/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.954559 | 608 | 2.921875 | 3 |
- Try to make a rough draft of your essay before submission. You must read it aloud and look for any changes if required. If your essay is long or it is a dissertation, you must prepare small drafts of paragraphs and then try to focus on each paragraph. Try to make pointers on these paragraphs, which will help you during the assembly of all paragraphs. Do not lose track of your point or argument. In case if you are lost, refer to points. - Essays are small samples of knowledge. You cannot elaborate on an endless discussion. You must give it a strong voice and back up with supportive arguments and discussions. The essay must invoke reader’s thought process. Keep everything in moderation. Do not lose your focus.
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<urn:uuid:55de1818-3c5b-48da-98ee-9eb4b27b5cd8>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.maxwellketo.org/successful-steps-to-good-essay-writing/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.954559 | 608 | 2.921875 | 3 |
This Hubble image shows NGC 4424 and LEDA 213994. The largest galaxy visible in the in the image is NGC 4424. The magnitude +11.7 galaxy is located 30 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo (The Virgin). LEDA 213994, magnitude +15.5, is the smaller and flatter galaxy that appears below NGC 4424. A magnitude +17.7 star (USNOA2 0975-06963766) appears in the lower center of the image. In 2012, a Type Ia Supernova was observed by astronomers in NGC 4424. The supernova was dubbed SN 2012cg. You can view ground-based images of SN 2012cg here. Image credit: ESA/Hubble/NASA
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<urn:uuid:c7afbc61-2504-425c-9e33-05e4fe8c778c>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.observingspace.com/topics/esa/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.895286 | 165 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of death in society. Fortunately, it is also among the most preventable. Aside from being a sociably undesirable habit, smoking can result in oral cancer, reduce smelling and tasting abilities, compromise recovery after oral surgery, stain the teeth, and increase the risk of contracting periodontal disease. The American Dental Association (ADA) and all pediatric dentists encourage children, adolescents, and adults to abstain from all forms of tobacco use. Almost all adult smokers have tried smoking before the age of nineteen. In all likelihood, an individual who abstains from smoking throughout the teenage years will never pick up the habit. Therefore, it is essential that parents strongly discourage preadolescent and adolescent tobacco use. Is smokeless tobacco less dangerous for teens? Tobacco use in any form brings the oral region into direct contact with carcinogens (cancer causing agents). These carcinogens and other harmful chemicals cause irreparable damage to the child’s oral health. Parents and teens often mistakenly evaluate smokeless tobacco as the “safer” option. In fact, smokeless tobacco has been proven to deliver a greater concentration of harmful agents into the body, and to be far more addictive. One snuff of tobacco has approximately the same nicotine content as sixty regular cigarettes. In addition, smokeless tobacco causes leukoplakias in the mouth, which are dangerous pre-cancerous lesions. What are the signs of oral cancer? Oral cancer can be difficult to detect without the aid of the dentist. In some cases, oral cancer is not noticeable or even painful until its later stages. Parents of tobacco users must be aware of the following symptoms:
Changes in the way the teeth fit together. Difficulty moving the jaw. Mouth sores that don’t heal. Numbness or tenderness. Red or white spots on the cheek, lip, or tongue. Oral cancer is treatable if caught early. Disfiguring surgery can be avoided by having the child abstain from tobacco use and getting regular preventative dental checkups. How can I stop my child from using tobacco? There are several ways to discourage children and adolescents from using tobacco products. First, talking to the child personally about the dangers of tobacco use (or asking the dentist to talk to the child) has proven an effective preventative strategy. Second, parents should lead by example. According to research studies, children of non-smokers are less likely to pick up this dangerous habit. Third, monitor the child closely.
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<urn:uuid:b8411981-b89a-45e4-9d09-049e1f564f7b>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.paultingdds.com/patient-info/procedures/pediatric-dentistry/tobacco-use/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.919177 | 566 | 3.25 | 3 |
Last year one of the best ads released during the SuperBowl was this simple ad by Google
Shortly after the release of this video Google asked you to make your own search stories. Simply go to http://www.youtube.com/searchstories and start creating your story. What a great way to teach students search skills. Give students and start and end point. For example in 3rd Grade I might give students: Rocks and Volcanos. Start with Rocks and create a search story that gets you to end your search story with how Rocks and Volcanos are related. I’m sure you can come up with your own examples. Take two unrelated topics and see if students can use their search skills to bring them together. Or could a student tell the story of a character through search. Take just the character Homer in The Odyessey and tell his story in 7 lines using search. Or you can do what I did and tell the story of you. So many possibilites!
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<urn:uuid:e3a20779-ce08-4605-8111-704669dbf843>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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http://www.thethinkingstick.com/tag/story-telling/
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en
| 0.960241 | 209 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Charity Hospital was once considered the safety net of New Orleans. It was a place where anyone could go and receive the best healthcare available. The hospital was established in 1736, by a French shipbuilder, whose dying wish was to fund a hospital for the poor. The first hospital building, a small cottage in the French Quarter, opened a year after New Orleans was founded. Charity Hospital quickly outgrew that facility and a handful of temporary hospitals sprung up around New Orleans. The administration was taken over by the Sisters of Charity, a group of Catholic nurses who would run the hospitals along with the Medical College of the University of Louisiana. By the 20th Century, New Orleans was rapidly growing, and indigent care again exceeded Charity’s capacity. In 1939, the Governor commissioned a new Art Deco-style hospital tower on Tulane Ave in the lower Mid-City neighborhood. Charity Hospital became the second-largest hospital in the country with 2,680 beds and encompassing a million square feet. It was known as a teaching hospital, a place where students from LSU and Tulane University could receive medical training. Designed by the same architects that built the Louisiana State Capitol, the building’s cornerstone lists the Public Works Administration as the building’s authority. Charity Hospital served over 100,000 indigent citizens each year before it closed. Charity Hospital was the longest continually running hospital in the country until August 2005. The levees broke on August 29, 2005, as Hurricane Katrina made landfall. Rising floodwaters caused Charity Hospital to lose power. The electrical and mechanical equipment was underwater in the basement. The basement morgue flooded as well, sending bodies floating down the basement hallways. Doctors instructed the staff to pull the bodies out of the flooded basement and stack them in the stairwells. The floodwater trapped everyone inside for days with no power, no air conditioning, limited supplies, and food. Patients were hand-pumped oxygen by anyone willing to help, eventually being paddled down the flooded streets by staff to a nearby parking deck. After being carried up to seven flights of stairs, they were taken by helicopter to another nearby hospital for treatment. Several patients died in the parking deck, waiting to be rescued. Finally, a week after Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans; the last patient was evacuated. After the severe flooding, questions loomed regarding Charity’s future.
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<urn:uuid:91f401aa-789a-4575-a5e7-81799618a31d>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://abandonedsoutheast.com/2016/05/24/charity-hospital/?like_comment=770&_wpnonce=3831ef9014
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.972405 | 940 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The hospital had never closed, and many thought it would instantly reopen. Three weeks after Hurricane Katrina, the Army Corps, along with FEMA volunteers, had Charity Hospital back operational and ready to open. FEMA had generators set to be delivered to restore power however LSU representatives along with then-Governor Kathleen Blanco blocked the delivery multiple times and ordered the power turned off at the grid. Governor Blanco stated Charity Hospital would never reopen as a functioning hospital again. Hospital police forced out volunteers and staff, locking the doors without warning. Over the next ten years, a bitter battle ensued between FEMA and LSU representatives about the amount of damage inside Charity. The disaster damage had to exceed half the cost of rebuilding to qualify for FEMA compensation. LSU wanted out of the impoverished healthcare business, hoping the closure of Charity would allow them to move on. LSU had been working to move towards a more privatized health care operation and wanted a new, state of the art facility outside of the downtown area. The closing of Charity allowed LSU to seek the government funds needed to help build a billion-dollar medical complex outside of the downtown area. University Medical Center, completed in 2015, cost a total of $1.2 billion. A replacement for Charity that seemed almost too little, too late. The state of the art facility features far fewer psychiatric beds and will not have birthing units. The 70-acre site in lower Mid-City is split off from downtown by the interstate, making it difficult to reach by the impoverished population. Many of the historic homes that outlasted Hurricane Katrina were destroyed or moved to less desirable areas to make way for University Medical Center. The city of New Orleans used the power of eminent domain to take over the land for the new hospital while continuing to pay over $3 million a year to secure the 70-year-old Charity Hospital as it sits dormant. Over the years, ideas for reuse such as a City Hall or medical student apartments were suggested but quickly put to rest. Charity Hospital remains abandoned and locked down under constant police patrol. Hopefully, one day, this Art Deco treasure will be filled again with thousands of people creating miracles and saving lives. Get a more detailed look from inside the walls of Charity Hospital in my book, Abandoned New Orleans
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<urn:uuid:91f401aa-789a-4575-a5e7-81799618a31d>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://abandonedsoutheast.com/2016/05/24/charity-hospital/?like_comment=770&_wpnonce=3831ef9014
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.972405 | 940 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Six or so years ago, Frank Longo, MD, PhD, Stanford’s chair of neurology and neurological sciences, was optimistic that a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease was on its way. More than a decade earlier, pharmaceutical companies had begun testing drugs to eradicate one of its hallmark signs—clumps of protein sprinkled randomly throughout the brain. The drugs were antibodies that bind to the protein, called beta amyloid, or A-beta for short. “They poured a lot of money into clinical trials of these antibodies in Alzheimer’s patients,” Longo said. “And by around five years ago, with the conclusion of early-stage trials, it looked like they might succeed. So, many in the field—including me—had some guarded optimism that when the pivotal phase-3 trials were completed, this approach would have at least some beneficial effect.”
On the order of 30 million people worldwide, including more than 5 million Americans, have Alzheimer’s, the most common form of dementia, which raids the brain and steals a person’s ability to remember, reason and imagine. Barring substantial progress in curing or preventing it, Alzheimer’s will affect 16 million U.S. residents by 2050, according to the Alzheimer’s Association. The group also reports that the disease is now the nation’s most expensive, costing over $200 billion a year. Recent analyses suggest it may be as great a killer as cancer or heart disease.
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<urn:uuid:e9c60eee-f85d-4a98-b836-4c7a9c2372a1>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://aloisalzheimerfoundation.org/2014/08/26/looking-for-origins-of-alzheimers-disease-to-find-a-treatment/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.961848 | 310 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Dairy health experts at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine’s New Bolton Center (NBC) have seen an increase in pneumonia cases this year, particularly in growing heifers and calves, resulting from the wide temperature swings and wet-warm weather in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions. NBC experts have provided several important tips for area producers to aid in the prevention and management of pneumonia in dairy cows. Producers should ensure that their operations offer good ventilation, which significantly impacts the air quality and cooling capacity necessary to prevent illness. Keeping curtains and windows open will allow for good air flow. Producers operating on older farms should consider installing a forced or tube installation system in their barns, and all operations can benefit from having an air-quality and air-flow test run on their facility. Vaccinations are a key component to disease prevention, but only if they are utilized correctly. The best way to ensure that a vaccine program that will work well for a specific operation is to consult with a veterinarian, or have them develop a plan specific to the operation’s needs. Consider adding pneumonia-specific vaccinations just before the most challenging times the year, early and late winter, to provide added protection for your animals. Some intranasal vaccines are particularly helpful, and provide better localized immunity in the airways. Be sure to avoid or minimize as many additional sources of stress as possible during the winter months. Transportinganimals, excessive intermingling, or bringing in new stock from outside sources or sale barns should be kept to a minimum if possible. Monitoring animals regularly, checking for signs of illness and taking the temperatures of animals that present any symptoms, can help producers to recognize the existence of illness early, which will give the best chance of effective treatment and prevention of long-term damage. Finally, if an outbreak does occur, fast and aggressive treatment is the key to success. Treat affected animals early, and consider isolating them to help prevent the disease from spreading. Blanket treatments, including feed through antibiotics, can be effective when dealing with a larger outbreak, but be sure to consult a veterinarian before doing so.
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<urn:uuid:754687e9-b546-4ddd-9d41-721b9df29433>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://animal.agwired.com/2016/01/21/pneumonia-prevention-tips-from-upenn/
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en
| 0.947776 | 438 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Going through a few aircraft documentaries online, I've noticed the thing that they usually express the fuel quantity in flight hours. Ex - A 747 burns 4 litres of fuel every second. So with a ton of fuel, it'll stay in air for roughly 3-4 minutes. Why are flight hours a necessary term while consider fuel quantity? I mean shouldn't they be worried about how much distance they can cover in an emergency to reach an airport, instead of how long they can stay in the air? Seems a question related to endurance but couldn't find any proper explanation
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<urn:uuid:66d33915-ce9e-4f63-ae54-2255f4407788>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/80007/why-is-fuel-quantity-expressed-in-flight-hours/80015
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.95425 | 115 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Osiris was one of the most prominent gods in the ancient Egyptian pantheon. This prominent deity was a member of the Ennead (known also as the Great Ennead and the Ennead of Heliopolis), a group of nine Egyptian deities worshipped primarily in Heliopolis, but whose influence spread to the rest of Egypt as well. Osiris is best known for being the god of the Underworld, a role that enabled him to judge the dead. His dominion over the dead can be seen in the fact that this god is often depicted as a mummified figure. Other features of Osiris’ iconography point towards the different attributes of this ancient god. A Son of Gods
The word Osiris is derived from the ancient Egyptian word ‘Wsir’, which may be translated to mean ‘powerful’ or ‘mighty’. According to the Heliopolis creation myth, Atum was the first god to have existed as a result of self-creation. The god then proceeded to create the god Shu and the goddess Tefnut. The union of these two deities resulted in the birth of Geb and Nut. Finally, the offspring of Geb and Nut were Osiris, Set, Isis and Nephthys. - Has the Hidden Location of the Tomb of Cleopatra Finally Been Found? - Archeologists discover Mythical Tomb of Osiris, God of the Dead, in Egypt
- Zep Tepi and the Djed Mystery: The Book of the Dead and Fallen Civilizations—Part II
Egyptian God Osiris featured in a frieze on a wall of tomb QV66, the burial place of Nefertari (c. 1295-1255 BC) (Public Domain)
The ancient Egyptians believe that Osiris was the first ruler of Egypt, and that he brought civilization to the land. Agriculture, laws, religious institutions and culture were given to the people of Egypt by the god. His reign was a time of prosperity for the ancient Egyptians, and everyone was happy, except his brother Set, who was jealous, and grew resentful of Osiris’ success. Therefore, the jealous sibling plotted to get rid of Osiris. The Rival Sibling Strikes
Set had a beautiful coffin made that only Osiris could fit into, and then threw a feast. During the feast, Set announced that the coffin would be given to the person who fitted perfectly into it. One by one, Set’s guests tried their luck, but none succeeded. Finally, Osiris climbed inside the coffin to see if it fitted him.
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<urn:uuid:e2fdf5ee-72f5-4565-9fb7-aaf1cfbcc679>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://awakeandaware.ca/the-story-of-osiris-how-the-first-ruler-of-egypt-became-god-of-the-underworld/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.943328 | 1,413 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Seizing this contrived opportunity, Set had the coffin sealed shut, and threw it, along with his brother, into the Nile. The waters of the Nile carried the coffin into the sea, and it finally came to rest in a tamarisk tree growing near Byblos in Phoenicia. Osiris remained there until he died. Set, an ancient Egyptian deity. Based on New Kingdom tomb paintings. (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Eventually, Isis succeeded in finding and retrieving the body of her husband, and brought it back to Egypt. The goddess then sought to revive Osiris, but Set found out about his brother’s return and cut his body up into many pieces, and scattered them all over Egypt. Isis managed to retrieve all of Osiris’ body parts except his penis, which had been eaten by an oxyrhyncus fish. Nevertheless, somehow Isis was able to revive her husband, and the god Horus was conceived during this time. Still, being incomplete, Osiris could no longer rule in the land of the living, and therefore became the ruler of the Underworld. Osiris, Isis and Horus: pendant bearing the name of King Osorkon II (CC BY-SA 1.0)
The Rise of the Osiris Following
As the ruler of Egypt, Osiris is depicted with the symbols of kingship, i.e. the Atef Crown, which is a combination of the Hedjet, the crown of Upper Egypt, and an ostrich feather on each side, the crook and flail, and a false beard. - The sacred symbol of the Djed pillar
- Enigma of the Heartless Pharaoh: Who Stole the Heart of King Tut, and Why? - Judgment in the Hall of Truth and Preparations for the Afterlife
Osiris (left), Anubis and Horus, a wall painting from the tomb of Horemheb. (Image: CC BY 2.0)
As the ruler of the Underworld, the god is depicted as being wrapped up from the chest downwards in mummy bandages. Another important feature of Osiris’ iconography is his skin color, which is either green or black. The former is the color of rebirth, whilst the latter symbolizes the fertility of the Nile Valley. Osiris was the lord of the dead in the ancient Egyptian religion. Here, he is shown in typical mummy wrappings. Based on New Kingdom tomb paintings. (CC BY-SA 4.0)
The cult of Osiris spread all over Egypt, and there are many instances in which other gods were absorbed by him.
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<urn:uuid:e2fdf5ee-72f5-4565-9fb7-aaf1cfbcc679>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://awakeandaware.ca/the-story-of-osiris-how-the-first-ruler-of-egypt-became-god-of-the-underworld/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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| 0.943328 | 1,413 | 3.59375 | 4 |
In Memphis during the Middle Kingdom, for example, Osiris merged with two local gods, Ptah and Sokar, and became Ptah-Sokar-Osiris. This ‘ability’ to assimilate other gods also enabled the worship of Osiris to last all the way until the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Serapis, a Hellenistic god created by Ptolemy I Soter, was a combination of Osiris and the sacred bull of Memphis, Apis. The cult of Osiris eventually came to an end with the advent of Christianity, though some have pointed out similarities between the two religions. Top image: Osiris, Egyptian God of the Underworld (Public Domain)
By Wu Mingren
Egyptian Myths, 2014. Osiris. [Online]
Available at: http://www.egyptianmyths.net/osiris.htm
Hill, J., 2008. Osiris. [Online]
Available at: http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/osiris.html
Mark, J. J., 2016. Osiris. [Online]
Available at: https://www.ancient.eu/osiris/
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, 1999. Osiris. [Online]
Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Osiris-Egyptian-god
Tour Egypt, 2017. Osiris. [Online]
Available at: http://www.touregypt.net/godsofegypt/osiris.htm
Tour Egypt, 2017. Osiris, Asar. [Online]
Available at: http://www.touregypt.net/osiris.htm
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<urn:uuid:e2fdf5ee-72f5-4565-9fb7-aaf1cfbcc679>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://awakeandaware.ca/the-story-of-osiris-how-the-first-ruler-of-egypt-became-god-of-the-underworld/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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| 0.943328 | 1,413 | 3.59375 | 4 |
When it comes to the efficient delivery of goods and services, capitalism is the proven economic model that puts people to work and products on the shelves. Whether those jobs end up paying enough money to purchase the items on those shelves is another matter, however. The truth is that while capitalism is an excellent vehicle to promote consumption and opportunities for expression of economic freedom of choice, it is not ideally suited to ensuring that everyone has the wherewithal to avail themselves of those opportunities. With the myriad of threats facing our nation, perhaps the most dangerous is the growth of income inequality between the top one percent of the nation and the remaining 99%. Importance of a Middle Class
As a nation we celebrate the presence of a once robust middle class, and while politicians are quick to give lip service to this critical economic segment of society, their tax and monetary policies are eating into the savings and importance of this group. This fact can be seen in the erosion of the middle class purchasing power as their influence is siphoned off in favor of upper income and corporate tax breaks. Regrettably, the"idea" of a middle class requires more than lip service during the occasional electoral cycle to make it a viable social, political, and economic entity. The fact of the matter is, a vibrant middle class only arises when nations make the decision to foster that development. The middle class in the United States is a little more than 70 years old. While most Americans may believe that a strong middle class has been the bedrock of our economic growth since those first rounds were fired between colonists and British Redcoats at Lexington and Concord, in reality it only emerged following the Second World War. In 1945, the United States was the only nation who finished the war stronger than they went into the conflict. This relative strength allowed the wherewithal to foster a growing middle class. From educational grants to returning soldiers to VA home loans engineered to increase home ownership, the country had the money, political desire, and opportunity to support this growth. As such, the nation witnessed a phenomenal growth in this economic demographic in the two decades following the war. Conservative Elite Backlash
As mentioned, the formation of a robust middle class was fostered by the political will of the nation.
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<urn:uuid:fd82cf5f-b8d7-4825-b799-4f2bc35d641e>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://barbadosnewschannel.com/opinion/55669b441e5d540005be3078
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| 0.961932 | 736 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Tax rates on corporations and the country’s richest citizens were used to pay for this expansion of this group, and they were well equipped to pay for it owing to economic success of this group during the war years. Corporate tax rates were near 90% directly following the war, and had only been scaled back to 70% by the time President Ronald Reagan assumed office in 1981. Following the dictates of supply-side economics, Reagan slashed the tax rates on America’s top earners, both personal and corporate, down to below the 30% threshold, and increasingly the burden of public expenditures have fallen on the shoulders of Middle America to bear the cost. This rising inequity has shattered the vision of the American dream for many as they find themselves increasingly priced out of sought after housing, superior education, and economic opportunities. A Recommitment to Equality of Opportunity
For years, conservatives have championed the importance of a strong middle class in this nation while doing everything in their power to shore up their own economic position at the expense of other sectors of the economy. From slashing aid programs, designed to help society’s poorest residents, to promoting tax policies that have the effect of eviscerating the middle class, America’s conservatives have adopted a short term view that buttresses their corporate bottom line, but risks the long term economic health of the nation by ensuring gross wealth inequality.
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<urn:uuid:fd82cf5f-b8d7-4825-b799-4f2bc35d641e>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://barbadosnewschannel.com/opinion/55669b441e5d540005be3078
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.961932 | 736 | 2.53125 | 3 |
I spotted this in my garden and verily I kneweth it was not good. But what was it? I asked the Palmiet Rangers, elite volunteer conservation defence force ably led by Field Marshall Geoffrey Poncenby-Carruthers GCMG. The answer came swiftly:
CHERRY TREE! That immediately brought an important history lesson – or myth? – to mind. Didn’t Des Lindbergh warn us about this in the sixties? Have a listen:
In Suriname, which was a Dutch colony (our explorer Levaillant was born there) this cherry Eugenia uniflora is known as Monkimonki Kersie – or Monkey Cherry. Because the seeds are distributed by fruit-eating birds it can become a weed in suitable sub-tropical habitats – like ours – displacing native flora. Here’s Des Lindbergh’s full song Die Kleinhuisie:
kleinhuisie – outhouse; longdrop; dunny; pit latrine; outdoor toilet; literally, ‘small house’
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<urn:uuid:ca82cdb9-2370-4de3-aab1-601a2b0f82d7>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://bewilderbeast.org/2020/04/12/cherry-tree-kleinhuisie/
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| 0.898818 | 230 | 2.8125 | 3 |
A research paper1 recently accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters titled “The radial acceleration relation in rotationally supported galaxies”2 highlights a discovery that is bad news for dark matter. It certainly does not strengthen the case for halo dark matter around spiral galaxies. The research team, McGaugh et al, took data for 153 spiral disk galaxies from the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) database that represents spiral galaxies of all types and morphologies, from very bright to very low surface brightness disks. It included representative spiral galaxies that would be assumed to contain a very high fraction of dark matter at very low orbital accelerations to those with very little dark matter at high orbital accelerations. These galaxies are all assumed to be rotationally supported, which means their disks are assumed to be gravitationally bound by the included matter inside any radial distance (R) from the centre of the galaxy. The speeds of the stars and gases (V) as a function of their measured radial distance (R) determines what is known as a rotation curve V(R). See Fig. 1. In this paper the observed acceleration, gobs, at each radial distance R from the centre of the chosen galaxies, was calculated from the measured values of V(R) and R for each galaxy, totalling 2693 data points over the 153 galaxies. Also using infrared data the mass density was accurately measured at these same radial points, which permitted, via the Poisson equation, a direct calculation of the expected acceleration, gbar, due to the baryonic matter (protons and neutrons, i.e. normal matter) content within the same galaxies. No free fit parameters were used in these estimations, except a single fixed Mass-to-Light ratio of 0.5 was used across all galaxies. Assuming standard Newtonian (or Keplerian) physics the acceleration due to the baryonic matter, gbar, is all we should need to correctly calculate the rotation curve of any galaxy. See Fig. 1 (which reproduces their Fig. 2). Some representative rotation curves are shown by the upper-most black circles with error bars. Quite obviously the solid blue lines—the expect rotation velocities due to the observed baryonic matter—do not follow the observed rotation curves, but fall well below, in most galaxies. This is the reason halo dark matter is invoked. See Fig. 2.
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<urn:uuid:d103b7f7-15fe-44c7-8361-38d8987aa221>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://biblescienceforum.com/tag/baryonic-matter/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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| 0.929468 | 496 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Credit: Virginia Tech
As a physically active college student Trevor LeMaster is no stranger to bodily aches and pains. He is a runner and a former high school wrestler who experiences soreness and workout injuries. LeMaster is also a transfemoral amputee and has first-hand knowledge of the impacts the fit of his prosthetic device has on his residual limb. LeMaster experienced fluctuations in weight in and out of his wrestling season. At a smaller weight, his residual limb was much smaller in size. Once he gained weight when out of season, LeMaster found he needed to tightly wrap his limb at night and elevate it while sleeping just to get his prosthesis on in the morning. Individuals with a transfemoral amputation, which is above the knee, or a transtibial amputation, which is below the knee, unavoidably find that throughout the course of the day, fit and comfort of their prosthetic device degrades due to volume loss in the residual limb. A number of factors can contribute to this loss, including the amount of physical activity, hydration levels, and fluctuations in weight. This volume loss can lead to pain, skin irritations, and soft tissue injuries and reduce the individual’s quality of life. With a $400,000 grant from the National Science Foundation, Virginia Tech College of Engineering researchers will study volume loss and develop smart prosthetic sockets to improve comfort and performance in prostheses. Associate Professor Michael Philen of the Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering and Professor Michael Madigan of the Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering are teaming up to combine their respective expertise in smart materials and biomechanics. They will work to develop new prosthesis technology that provides a higher level of comfort and mobility for the wearer. In addition, the team is collaborating with Brian Kaluf of Ability Prosthetics and Orthotics in Charlotte, North Carolina, a certified and licensed prosthesis fabrication and clinical servicing facility. “Mike Madigan and I saw this as a great opportunity to take technology I’ve been working with and combine it with his work in biomechanics,” said Philen. “We’ve worked together for a number of years advising engineering teams that focus their capstone design projects on prosthetic and orthotic devices.
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<urn:uuid:40c9a567-dfd0-4bcf-a497-7785e8786627>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://bioengineer.org/developing-smart-prosthetic-sockets-to-improve-comfort-and-performance/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.953321 | 1,378 | 2.65625 | 3 |
This work could be a viable solution for those affected by volume loss in the limb and offer a better overall quality of life.”
The research team includes Destiny Mason, Michael Philen, Trevor LeMaster, Michael Madigan, and Carson Squibb. The research team includes aerospace engineering sophomore Destiny Mason, Associate Professor Michael Philen, mechanical engineering junior Trevor LeMaster (front), Professor Michael Madigan, and aerospace engineering Ph.D. candidate Carson Squibb. Over the course of the three year grant from the National Science Foundation, Philen, Madigan, and their team of students will be developing new techniques to accurately measure the volume change and limb deformation throughout the day, as well as the changes in the fit of the prosthetic socket itself. Philen’s work in the Aerospace Structures and Materials Laboratory includes a technology known as fluidic flexible matrix composites. These composites already have been demonstrated in aerospace structures, morphing structures, robotics, and wave energy conversion systems. In turn, Madigan’s Biomechanics Group brings expertise and experience studying the dynamics of human movement, including the day-to-day challenges we all face related to gait, balance, and slip, trip, and fall prevention. When integrated into a prosthesis, fluidic flexible matrix composites can accommodate to limb volume loss, and help maintain a comfortable fit for the user. LeMaster, a junior majoring in mechanical engineering, was introduced to Philen and Madigan and is now working on the research team as an undergraduate research assistant. He is eager to bring his unique perspective to the team and learn more about the design process of prosthetics through his undergraduate research. “This project will give amputees more control over their prosthetic sockets, and they will be able to recognize when their limb is slimming down throughout the day,” said LeMaster, who is also a member of the mechanical engineering department’s biomedical engineering design team BioActivity. “This smart socket would allow amputees to change the volume of their socket as their limb shrinks in volume throughout the day, giving them more support and comfort.”
For a young, active person like LeMaster, it is not uncommon to have more than one prosthesis, with one model for everyday use and another for physical activity, such as running. With a running prosthesis, the socket needs to have a much tighter fit due to the type of force and pressure put on the limb during activity.
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<urn:uuid:40c9a567-dfd0-4bcf-a497-7785e8786627>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://bioengineer.org/developing-smart-prosthetic-sockets-to-improve-comfort-and-performance/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.953321 | 1,378 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Typically the fit of a prosthesis can be adjusted, generally by adding or removing compression socks, until the fit is comfortable. As the day progresses, there is volume loss in the limb and certain areas bear much more of the pressure and weight, resulting in pain and discomfort. There are several prosthetic systems on the market that try to address this, but each system has their limitations and there is not one best solution for everyone. Throughout the course of the project, the research team aims to track strains (i.e. deformation) on the residual limb during daily activities using digital image correlation and a clear diagnostic socket. Digital image correlation is an established technique for acquiring 3D strains and displacements on the surface of materials, and applying to socket fit will provide new insights into the relationship between strain and comfort. Additionally, they are developing a high precision laser scanning system that will be able to measure the shape and volume of the limb before and after completing the physical activities. Once the team has a better understanding of residual limb deformation during active use, the researchers will work on developing a smart prosthetic socket employing fluidic flexible matrix composite technology. Wafers made of fluidic flexible matrix composite integrated into the smart socket can achieve an increase in volume when pressurized, exhibit changes in stiffness, and can be fabricated into a variety of shapes and configurations that can be tailored specifically for the user. Currently LeMaster does not have a lot of issues with severe pain as he has opted to wear a larger sized socket. He still needs to use additional compression socks for a better fit, but it is more cumbersome to put on. “I’ve never heard of a volume changing socket like this one,” said LeMaster. “I think it’s a really unique idea that has the potential to be very impactful.”
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<urn:uuid:40c9a567-dfd0-4bcf-a497-7785e8786627>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://bioengineer.org/developing-smart-prosthetic-sockets-to-improve-comfort-and-performance/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.953321 | 1,378 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Dominating the north west part of Blackfen used to be The West Wood, a surviving section of much more extensive ancient woodland. In the 1200s it belonged to the Lord of the Manor of Bexley, the Archbishop of Canterbury. It was valuable, providing wood for fences, poles and gates, logs for fires and charcoal for fuel, and a great pond was stocked with 4000 fish. In earlier times local tenants would have taken their pigs to feed in the woods, but in 1284 there were complaints that the Archbishop of Canterbury’s systematic use of the woodland had taken away their ancient rights. Labourers were employed to cut the wood and a ‘woodward’ was in charge of selling the wood to shipmen, coopers and brewers, transporting it overland to Woolwich or Erith to be sent up the river to London. The aerial view below (dating from 1932) shows the proximity of the River Thames (across the top). Also below are images of the Thames at Erith. After the Reformation, ownership of the West Wood passed to Henry VIII. After being passed around a few times it was granted in 1621 to the University of Oxford to provide endowment for a professorship of history. By 1854 foreign imports of timber had made the woodland unprofitable and all the trees were dug up so the land could be used as a farm instead – Westwood Farm, which remained until 1930s housing redevelopment.
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<urn:uuid:974ebf58-9677-4924-aea8-ee42d4c83c5b>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://blackfenpastandpresent.com/category/woodland/west-wood/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.977352 | 297 | 3.03125 | 3 |
For years, researchers have been working on ways to better manage diabetes and possibly even cure it. The idea of curing this difficult disease, however, has always felt pretty far off…until now. Researchers at the Rangos Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh’s Children’s Hospital have been working with a virus that they believe can effectively cure diabetes. Their findings have been better than expected, and they’ve already seen positive results in animal testing. If those results translate into positive results in human trials, the world may be about to get the diabetes cure they’ve been waiting for. “Normally, the pancreas makes insulin, and unfortunately, with diabetes, there’s a problem with that,” said Dr. George Gittes, surgeon and director of research at the center. “So the idea would be, rather than giving someone cells that make insulin, which might be rejected as a foreign thing, we induce or tweak the existing cells in a diabetic patient in the pancreas, tweak them into turning into insulin cell.”
The virus is lab-engineered for safety and works as a sort of gene therapy. The specially designed virus is delivered directly to the pancreas via an endoscope, where it is able to seek out a specific type of cell and convert it into an insulin cell. One injection could potentially cure the disease permanently. “We infuse the viruses into the pancreatic tissue,” said Dr. Gittes. “It permeates through the pancreas, but it finds the cells that are the ones that have the capability to turn into insulin cells and it makes that happen.”
The team has already tested their virus in mice and in monkeys and found positive results. The mouse studies have been fairly predictable, but there are still some inconsistencies in the monkey participants. That leaves researchers with a few kinks to work out of the system before they can move on to human test subjects. Article continues below
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See how we’re making a difference for People, Pets, and the Planet and how you can get involved! “Once we get a consistent result with the monkeys, we will then go to the FDA and present them with the trial we want to do in diabetic patients,” said Dr. Gittes. But this system has come closer than any before it to curing diabetes permanently, giving hope to many. Dr. Gittes believes he and his team are close to that point.
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<urn:uuid:aab7476f-9f7e-4dfe-90ba-19c8a9a1b153>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://blog.thediabetessite.greatergood.com/injection-cure/
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en
| 0.963565 | 698 | 3.328125 | 3 |
He thinks it’s possible that he could soon be recognized as the researcher responsible for curing diabetes, thanks to the virus he and his team have created. “I think I get more excited about it when I tell people about it and see their excitement,” he said. In the video below, learn more about this novel diabetes cure in the making, and also hear from diabetic patients who hope teir lives will be forever changed after this research team finishes their project! Elizabeth Nelson is a wordsmith, an alumna of Aquinas College in Grand Rapids, a four-leaf-clover finder, and a grammar connoisseur. She has lived in west Michigan since age four but loves to travel to new (and old) places. In her free time, she. . . wait, what’s free time?
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<urn:uuid:aab7476f-9f7e-4dfe-90ba-19c8a9a1b153>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://blog.thediabetessite.greatergood.com/injection-cure/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.963565 | 698 | 3.328125 | 3 |
How are you traveling home for the holidays? In 1903, your travels may have included a ride in a horse-drawn carriage or buggy such as the one pictured above from the Corbitt Buggy Company of Henderson, N.C. The company would go on to manufacture North Carolina’s first commercially produced car in 1907, “The Corbitt Motor Buggy.” Read more about the manufacture of automobiles at the Corbitt buggy factory in the July 15, 1909 issue of the Henderson Gold Leaf. In 1889, Mr. E. J. Stephenson made an arduous journey from Henderson, North Carolina to Newark, New Jersey via bicycle. At times, Stephenson was unable to ride his bike and resorted to walking along dusty and bumpy roads, sometimes for twenty to thirty miles. At one point, the roads would have been so difficult to travel on that he was advised to take a brief train ride. During his two weeks of travel, he wrote about his journey documenting the sights and his expenditures as he made his way to New Jersey. He observed the Blue Ridge Mountains, crossed the Shenandoah River, and gazed across the Susquehanna River. In addition to this, he stopped for a day in Washington D.C. to visit many of the sights that are still popular destinations today. Notably, he visited the Washington Monument stating that it “is 500 feet high and took the elevator 8 minutes to get up.”
When he arrived in Newark sixteen days after departing Henderson, Stephenson had traveled 533 miles and spent $13.00 (approximately $340.00 in modern day currency.) The current time from Henderson, North Carolina to Newark by bike is approximately 44 hours since roads can be more easily traversed by bicycles since the year Stephenson made his trek. Read about the adventure, including broken spokes and free pears from farmers, in the published pages of Stephenson’s diary in the September 26, 1889 issue of The Gold Leaf.
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<urn:uuid:dbca7c77-b801-4dfd-a291-65a5b09ab0c7>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://blogs.lib.unc.edu/ncm/tag/henderson-nc/
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en
| 0.978166 | 403 | 2.640625 | 3 |
My previous blog post noted that global land photosynthesis is clearly increasing in recent decades. However, when we turn to the ocean, the story is different (albeit more ambiguous). About half of global photosynthesis takes place in the ocean. Much of the resulting biomass production (net primary production) is consumed, thus supporting a food web that includes large marine animals like fish and whales. Billions of people eat wild caught ocean fish each day as a source of protein. Photosynthesis in the ocean is frequently constrained by nutrient availability. Hence, areas where photosynthesis is high are often where upwelling brings nutrient-rich deep water to the surface, or runoff from the land includes nutrients. Earth system scientists now monitor global ocean photosynthesis using a combination of satellite remote sensing, direct measurements, and modeling. As always with global scale processes, there is significant uncertainty about the estimates and some regions show increasing net primary production (NPP) while other regions show decreases. Various studies have reached differing conclusions about trends in the global total, but a recent study suggested that ocean NPP is in decline (1998 – 2015). Oceanographers are beginning to get an understanding of what is driving the decline. A key factor appears to be reduced delivery of nutrients to the ocean’s surface. The causes are related to global warming, a process driven by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. An important mechanism that is slowing delivery of nutrients to the surface ocean is an increase in stratification associated with the general warming of ocean surface waters. A cap of warm water tends to reduce vertical mixing, which in turn reduces recharge of surface nutrients from deeper waters where much decomposition and nutrient release takes place. Another process related to nutrient supply involves the cycling of water from the surface to the deep ocean and back to the surface (the thermohaline circulation). The descending arm of this Earth-girdling loop of ocean circulation is based on warm water brought north by the Gulf Stream. That water cools, densifies, and sinks in the North Atlantic Ocean and eventually returns to the surface elsewhere bringing with it nutrients from the deep ocean. Recent measurements suggest a weakening of that descending arm cause by a freshening of North Atlantic waters driven mostly by melting of the Greenland ice cap.
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<urn:uuid:5d8d54be-4de7-481a-a9d5-1a5c1bdd8bad>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://blogs.oregonstate.edu/technosphere/tag/ocean-circulation/
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en
| 0.92713 | 740 | 3.78125 | 4 |
A decline in ocean photosynthesis − the base of the ocean food chain − likely translates into lower fish production. Fisheries all over the planet are already under stress from many factors, not least of which is overharvesting. Ocean warming causes decline of coral (a source of NPP), ocean acidification reduces NPP of calcifying plankton, decreases in ocean oxygen from reduced mixing and excess nutrient runoff (coastal dead zones) force fish to migrate, and toxic waste inputs (including macro-, micro-, and nano- plastics) reduce feeding efficiency. After decades of fish harvest increases, the global catch peaked in the 1990s. Model-based projections of ocean animal biomass suggest continuing declines with further ocean warming. Despite the immensity of the ocean, human impacts on it are piling up. A new narrative about ocean management is needed. We (as a part of the technosphere) cannot directly change ocean circulation in an attempt to restore declining primary production and fish production. We can only slow the emissions of greenhouse gases, which would slow global warming and its associated impacts on ocean mixing and circulation. Stabilizing, then reducing, the atmospheric CO2 concentration would also slow ocean acidification. The time is now to support leaders who understand the realities of global environmental change and are committed to working domestically and internationally to implement policies that change the current trajectory of the Earth system.
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<urn:uuid:5d8d54be-4de7-481a-a9d5-1a5c1bdd8bad>
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CC-MAIN-2020-50
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https://blogs.oregonstate.edu/technosphere/tag/ocean-circulation/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.92713 | 740 | 3.78125 | 4 |
« הקודםהמשך »
flattened crown, the projecting occiput, and the great length in its anteroposterior diameter. In a Guanche mummy in the museum of Cambridge, each of the toes and fingers is bound separately by a strip of leather, the same as we find in the higher class of Egyptians. Mr. Marsden has given a table of affinities between the Berber or Numidian, and the Guanche tongues, which in many respects is synonymous with that of the Taariks near Egypt, as shown by the vocabulary of Mr. Norneman. On the whole, there seem to be many points of resemblance between the Guanches of the Canaries, and one of the races of the ancient Egyptians. Since the first edition of this work appeared, I had an opportunity of examining some Guanche remains at Paris. One of these, the skull of a full-grown male, discovered by Mons. Bertelot at St. Tesedro, on the road leading to Laguna, in Teneriffe, presented the following peculiarities : The points of sustentation were the last molar teeth and the posterior margin of the foramen magnum. It was characterised by its great length from before, backwards, or in the antero-posterior diameter, not unlike the form of skull found in the oldest monuments in Ireland—the occipital bone projecting more than ordinarily on the side view; it presented a good oval, with rather a high, marked forehead, and prominent frontal sinuses, similar to those I have already described in the heads in this country. There was some lateral projection of the cheek-bones, and the orbits were rather square, in this respect approaching the Mongolian or Turanian races. The nasal bones were remarkably strong and projecting, so that this race must have had very large prominent noses. The sphenoid bone articulated with the parietal by a suture three-quarters of an inch long. The sutures generally were well marked, and the skull was rather thick and dense in structure. In the skeleton of a small female, in the collection of the Jardin du Roi, the head possessed similar characters; and the pelvis, which was roomy and well-formed, had its greatest diameter in the antero-posterior direction. As I obtained several of these animals during our stay at Algiers, I may be permitted to offer some observations on them.
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en
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There were two descriptions—the first and most common, about an inch and a half long-the Amphiorus Lanceolatus of Yarrell; and the Limax of Pallas, who first noticed it. The body is diaphanous, and enclosed in a thin flexible envelope, not circular, but preserving a five, and in some instances a seven-sided figure. This in every respect resembles the calamus or pen of some of
the Mollusca, especially that in the common cuttle-fish. These little animals had a power of attaching themselves to each other in a remarkable manner, sometimes clustering together, and at others, forming a string six or eight inches long; the whole mass seemed to swim in unison, and with great rapidity, going round the vessel with a snake-like form and motion. They adhered to one another by their flat sides—when in line, the head of one coming up about one-third on the body of the one before it; no doubt those sides are of use in forming this attachment. The other variety was thinner, and from two and a half to three inches long, having a large dorsal fin, which moved continually in an extraordinary manner, describing a circle by rotating upon its narrow base. The mouth was a circular disk, surrounded by ciliæ that continued in constant motion. When put into a tumbler of water, it moved round the glass, and although no eyes were perceptible, it carefully avoided the finger, or any substance put in its way, stopping suddenly, or turning aside from it. Both these animals when taken out of the water kept up a strong pulsatory motion for some time. The small one (the Amphiorus Lanceolatus) by this means pumped out of its interior a quantity of air and water; and they could be seen coming to the surface to inhale, and a globule of air was observed floating through the internal cavity. In the larger species the internal tube was perfectly distinct, and of a blue colour. When put into spirits and water it died almost immediately, and turned opaque. A pumber of circular bands also appeared on it. Mr. Yarrell, in his beautiful work on British fishes, has placed this singular little animal among the finny tribe.
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en
| 0.9739 | 3,239 | 2.609375 | 3 |
With all due deference to that learned naturalist, I would suggest the following reasons for it belonging to the mollusca :—The absence of vertebral column, the transparency, and the thin flexible skeleton of the animal being external. REMARKS ON THE LINEN OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. The great antiquity of the manufacture of linen, and the numerous uses to which it has been applied by the ancients and moderns, gives this subject a degree of interest, almost greater, perhaps, than any other connected with the arts and manufactures. This is increased by the difference of opinion that exists at present amongst professed antiquaries: those of the continent, in many cases, maintaining that all the specimens of woven fabrics found by them in Egypt, or brought home from that country, excepting those made of silk and wool, were composed of cotton ; while the British antiquaries, with few exceptions, maintain, that all similar articles
found by them in Egypt, when examined by a microscope of sufficient power, are evidently made of Hax. My friend, Mr. Edward Clibborn, to whom I am indebted for the following remarks, and who has been connected with the Irish linen trade, has carefully examined the specimens that I brought home, as well as numerous others lately introduced by travellers into this country. He entertains the opinion, that though he has not found a single specimen of cotton in many hundred specimens of mummy cloths, and other woven fabrics from Egypt, yet he thinks it more than probable, that some specimens of cotton have found their way from that country to the continent of Europe. “ The probability is decidedly in favour of the Egyptians having had this substance, which they may have, with silk, obtained from India ; or the plant, or some varieties of it, may have been cultivated in Egypt or Arabia, or other neighbouring countries, or the cotton may have been imported in a raw or manufactured state into Egypt. Yet there appear to be several reasons against our admitting the assertion that the Egyptians had cotton up to a certain period, for we find fabrics of flax so very fine, and so very like Indian muslin, we are led to infer, that they would not have wasted flax, and the enormous labour necessary to bring it to this degree of fineness, if they had had cotton.
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en
| 0.9739 | 3,239 | 2.609375 | 3 |
It may, however, be urged, that these fabrics may have been made in imitation of Indian cotton goods* which they imported; in this case, the inference would be against the Egyptians having the cotton-plant at a very early period, but the chances would be in favour of their introducing it in the course of time, and also it would be in favour of our finding some specimens of cotton in their tombs, &c. In May, 1838, when discussing the subject of the material of the Egyptian mummy-bandages, a gentleman from Manchester present, stated that he actually manufactured a peculiar kind of calico, which was readily sold in Egypt, and there applied to the purpose of mummy-bandages by certain Arabs, &c. who made a trade of manufacturing mummies ; now, it is possible that some of this American cotton, manufactured in Manchester, and sold in Egypt, may have been the cause of the difference of opinion between our British and continental antiquarians. The specimens were obtained by different travellers, and
* " The cotton-plant may have been introduced into Egypt long after cotton in the manufactured and raw states had been imported as articles of merchandise from India ; and though it may have been much used in clothing the living, as a substitute for linen, yet the mummy. makers, from some peculiar notions, may have avoided its use altogether in the preparation of mummies. The specimens in the collection referred to were, in some instances, worn out rags, while in others, the cloth was perfectly good and new, and had never been washed or worn; and though in many cases it appeared to the eye and touch to be cotton, yet, when examined by the microscope, it was in every instance found that the fibre of the material was the same, and so like that of modern inx, no doubt was entertained of their identity. On the other hand, the fibre of cotton had quite a different appearance. It is a curious fact, not noticed by writers on Egyptian antiquities, that the flax and cotton plants are not believed to be natives of Egypt, and if so, that their manufacture in that country is consequently an exotic art." found frequently under different circumstances. They may be arranged under the following denominations—the material in every instance is flax :
"1.
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en
| 0.9739 | 3,239 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Simple or single thread, called yarn, used in sewing, and also as the material of the woven fabrics. “ 2. Doubled and twisted yarn, used for thread. In one specimen the warp is composed of this thread. This piece appears to have been very broad, above six feet, and how much more cannot now be told. The rolling of the edge and overcasting to prevent ravelling, is a curious specimen of needle-work. The quality is very coarse. It appears to bave been used for a sheet, and came to this country about twenty years since. “3. Fabrics made of (No. 1) simple yarn, of equal and different degrees of fineness, which may be divided into two classes ; those which have nearly an equal number of threads in the same measured surface of warp and weft; and,
“ 4. Those which have a considerable difference in the numbers of the threads, the difference being always in favour of the warp, in a superficial inch, of which we always find more threads than in one of the weft. “ This difference is so great in some specimens, that the threads of the weft are completely hid by the others, which gives the linen manufactured on this principle, a very silky or shining surface like satin. “ There are other considerations which lead to the supposition that this is the kind of linen known by the epithet ww, applied to the Egyptian linen of the superior kind, which this certainly is, for it contains more fax yarn than the other kind. It must have been the more valuable, on account of the great quantity of labour consumed in its manufacture. “ There are specimens of this linen which are of different degrees of fineness, varying from the finest duck to the coarsest sail-cloth. It is quite opaque, that is, it cannot be seen through ; it is stiff, like the Egyptian dresses represented in ancient pictures, and was probably used for clothing men, when the form of the person underneath was not intended to be seen. On the contrary, the open linen, in which the threads of both warp and weft appeared, was probably used by women when the person was exhibited.
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https://books.google.co.il/books?id=mm0SAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA602&focus=viewport&vq=scene&dq=editions:OCLC215079969&hl=iw&output=html_text
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz
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en
| 0.9739 | 3,239 | 2.609375 | 3 |
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