text
stringlengths 60
621k
|
|---|
A copyright, under intellectual property law, protects works of authorship from being used by other parties other than the owner of the work. If an owner discovers that another party has used or sold his or her work without obtaining a proper license or permission, the owner has the right to file a lawsuit in court if:
They have ownership of the copyrighted material;
The actual copying took place by the defendant;
The areas of the copyrighted material are protected by intellectual law.
Once these are established, the author may secure a victory in the case.
The Process of a Copyright Infringement Lawsuit
When an owner of a creative work has discovered a copyright infringement upon their work, he or she should contact an experienced intellectual property attorney. That attorney will be experienced with handling copyright infringement claims and is likely to help reach a satisfying outcome in the case. With the help of the attorney, the copyright infringement lawsuit is set into motion by filing a claim at the local chapter of the Federal Bureau of Investigation specializing in intellectual property crimes.
Cease and Desist Notice
Following the initial claim, a cease and desist notice is sent to the violating party. The function of the cease and desist notice is to order or request the immediate stoppage of all activity which is involved with the infringement or face legal action. A cease and desist order will be issued by a judge or court, while a cease and desist letter can be sent by anyone, usually with the aid of a qualified attorney.
In the case of copyright infringement, the illegal activity which prompted retaliatory action has already done damage to the owner of creative work. As a result, the cease and desist letter functions as a “damage control” option, in which illegal activity is halted so that no further damage can be done to the owner’s work pending the outcome of the copyright infringement lawsuit. In some copyright disputes, an owner of creative work may drop the civil lawsuit if the infringing party immediately complies with the cease and desist letter.
Copyright Infringement Lawsuits
As soon as the legal activity is halted by the infringing party, the owner of the creative work may go ahead with the civil lawsuit. The grounds for the lawsuit are sent to both parties and the amount of damages sought by the plaintiff is outlined. If the defendant believes that he or she did not infringe on copyrights held by the plaintiff because of “fair use” or due to a lack of awareness of the copyright due to the plaintiff’s negligence, he or she will fight to minimize or eradicate the possible damages of a verdict. If the defendant is successful in the case, the lawsuit may even be dismissed.
During the copyright infringement trial, an injunction is usually placed on the violating party. An injunction is a court order which requires a party to do or refrain from doing a certain act. In the case of copyright infringement lawsuits, the defendant is ordered to stop actions which violate the copyright of the plaintiff. For example, if a defendant is producing and selling music that the plaintiff claims is a copyright violation, the defendant will be forced to cease production and the selling of that music.
After the trial proceedings finish, the court comes to a verdict. A judge may find the claims of the plaintiff to be accurate and award monetary damages to the plaintiff from the defendant, often including additional money for payment of their legal fees. If the infringement is serious enough, the defendant may also face criminal charges.
A judge may also agree that the defendant has violated copyright law and disagree with the monetary damage claims. In this case, the judge may alter the final monetary sum. The judge may also dismiss a case in favor of the defendant if the judge believes there was no infringement or if there is not enough evidence to support the plaintiff’s claim. |
The Resurrection of Hungary: A Parallel for Ireland.
GRIFFITH, Arthur (Introduction by Patrick Murray).
University College Dublin Press, 2003 (reprint). First published 1904. xxxii, 170 pages. Paperback.
"The case of Ireland is as nearly as possible parallel to the case of Hungary" - William Smith O'Brien. The Resurrection of Hungary, first published in 1904 and twice reprinted, strongly influenced nationalist debate between 1904 and 1921. Its central proposal - the withdrawal of Irish elected representatives from Westminster - was inherited from the Hungarian Franz Deak's policy of non co-operation with the Imperial parliament in Vienna in the 1860s. The idea of the dual monarchy, adopted by Austria and Hungary in 1867 in which each recognised the Austrian Emperor but had separate parliaments, continued to be advocated by a few Irish politicians in the 1920s. Griffith also expounds here his protectionist economic views which influenced Irish government policy for several decades. Arthur Griffith (1872-1922) was a journalist and politician. He founded Sinn Fein in 1905, and at the time of his sudden death was President of Dail Eireann. (reprint).
NEW. A very good copy
Shipping Information | Currency Converter |
Newswise — The U.S. Department of Agriculture today released a report that, for the first time, provides uniform scientific methods for quantifying the changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon storage from various land management and conservation activities.
Colorado State University faculty members served as authors and external science advisors on the new report, and a CSU team is leading the implementation of a new online tool that provides customized GHG reports and management plans in accordance with the new guidelines.
The report, Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Agriculture and Forestry: Methods for Entity-Scale Inventory, will help the USDA evaluate greenhouse gas mitigation programs and develop new tools to help farmers, ranchers and forest landowners participate in emerging carbon markets.
“This report provides science-based methods for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and carbon storage on local farms, ranches and forests, allowing managers of these entities to calculate reductions in greenhouse gas emissions while building carbon storage and improving production efficiency on their lands,” said Stephen Ogle, associate professor in CSU’s Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability and senior scientist at the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory (NREL).
Ogle was the lead author of the cropland/grassland working group and the wetlands working group, two of the four groups convened by the USDA for the methods development, which also included forestry and livestock.
To help make the new GHG guidelines more accessible and applicable, an interdisciplinary research team led by CSU soil and crop sciences professor Keith Paustian is implementing the new web-based tool, COMET-Farm (http://cometfarm.nrel.colostate.edu) in conjunction with the report. The site will allow users to select their land use (including cropland, grassland, livestock and agroforestry), enter information about their management practices, and then generate a report on their current baseline emissions and how emissions could be reduced with GHG management practices.
“Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from land use is particularly difficult, because there are so many interacting processes and factors that affect emissions,” said Paustian, who is also a senior scientist with NREL. “COMET-Farm is unique in that it allows non-experts to use very advanced methods, databases and models for greenhouse gas inventory, via a fully spatial, user-friendly interface. We think it will be a very powerful tool to aid land managers and others working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from land-use activities.”
Paustian also served as an external science advisor on the USDA report, along with Shawn Archibeque, associate professor of animal sciences at CSU. CSU researchers Mark Easter and Ernie Marx also contributed to the report. The lead software engineer on COMET-Farm, CSU computer science alumnus Kevin Brown, is the lead software engineer on COMET-Farm, and his team includes several CSU undergraduate students in computer science, engineering and agriculture.
The USDA report is the work of 38 experts in GHG estimation in the cropland, grazing land, livestock and forest management sectors across academia, the USDA and other agencies of the federal government. The report was reviewed by an additional 29 scientists, other federal experts, and the public. While developing the report, reviewers considered scientific rigor, transparency, completeness, accuracy, and cost effectiveness, as well as consistency and comparability with other federal GHG inventory efforts.
The report can be downloaded at www.usda.gov/oce/climate_change/estimation.htm.
For more information on the USDA’s climate change activities, visit www.usda.gov andclick on “Climate Solutions.” |
False accusations are nothing new. People have probably been falsely accusing each other of vile and awful deeds for centuries. Defamation laws remain a person's best defense against false accusations. But the issue has become increasingly worrisome as the world adjusts to the common use of the internet to communicate.
What Is Defamation?
Defamation means making a false statement about another person that damages her reputation. Business entities can also be defamed. Defamation is a crime in some states, but is more commonly used as a cause of action in a civil action for damages. It is also called libel and slander.
False statements are at the core of a defamation charge. Some false statements are communicated in writing, like false accusations made in a newspaper article. These are termed libel.
False statements that are heard rather than read are called slander. These include communications passed from one person to another or false statements made in a radio broadcast.
What Are the Elements of Defamation?
The person that brings a defamation action is called the plaintiff, while the person or entity being sued is called the defendant. Before the plaintiff files her action, it's important for her to understand the elements that must be proved in order to win the case.
Generally, a plaintiff has to prove four elements in a defamation case:
- A false statement that is represented as fact.
- Publication or communication of that statement to someone else.
- The defendant acted with at least negligence in making the statement.
- Some harm occurred to the plaintiff as a result of the false statement.
Falsity of Statement Is Critical
In order to collect damages in a defamation case, the plaintiff has to prove that the defendant made a false statement that he either knew was false or should have known was false. What if someone publishes a statement of vile things a person did when she was young that were not generally known? This will not support a defamation charge since truth is an absolute defense.
Note that the false statement must clearly and specifically identify the plaintiff as the subject of the accusations. If the statement is vague and general, such as: "Politicians in this state are taking money from the oil lobby," the court will not construe it as targeting the plaintiff.
Public Figure Exception
The more famous a person is, the harder it is for him to sue for defamation. Many defamation laws have a public figure exception that applies to celebrities, politicians and other prominent people. In order to win a defamation claim, a public figure has to show that the person publishing the false statement acted with actual malice. This means actual knowledge of the falsity of the statement made or reckless disregard as to whether it is true or false.
Defamatory Internet Content
For all of the benefits society has reaped from the internet, it is also a fertile breeding ground for defamatory statements. People may libel others in their own blogs, in comments on other's blog posting, in social media sites or in chat rooms. Some websites say that they screen posts for illegal content, but they cannot examine every single post and evaluate it for defamatory content, so many defamatory postings end up online.
Complexity of Bringing an Internet Defamation Case
While someone who posts false statements on the internet about another person may be committing libel, it is far more complicated than other types of defamation cases. The plaintiff must figure out whom to sue and what is the appropriate court.
A plaintiff cannot sue website hosts and Internet Service Providers since the Communications Decency Act exempts them from most defamation claims. And it may be difficult to find the real identity of the person making those false allegations. In addition, the suit can only be brought in a state where the poster has significant contacts. The best idea is to contact an attorney with experience in internet defamation suits.
Read More: Two Types of Defamation
- The best way to preserve and protect your rights in any potential legal action is to consult a lawyer who is a specialist in that subject of law, and who is familiar with those laws in your geographic region.
- Release any information you have that objectively corroborates the truth as soon as you can. Nothing takes the steam out of a lie as quickly as the truth does -- especially when the truth is from a credible source.
- Ensure your efforts to suppress the original false accusations don't give them a greater audience than your accuser would ever achieve. By calling too much attention to an otherwise obscure false accusation, you may actually amplify its damage.
Teo Spengler earned a J.D. from U.C. Berkeley's Boalt Hall. As an Assistant Attorney General in Juneau, she practiced before the Alaska Supreme Court and the U.S. Supreme Court before opening a plaintiff's personal injury practice in San Francisco. She holds both an M.A. and an M.F.A in creative writing and enjoys writing legal blogs and articles. Her work has appeared in numerous online publications including USA Today, Legal Zoom, eHow Business, Livestrong, SF Gate, Go Banking Rates, Arizona Central, Houston Chronicle, Navy Federal Credit Union, Pearson, Quicken.com, TurboTax.com, and numerous attorney websites. Spengler splits her time between the French Basque Country and Northern California. |
▶ Discovered a PAM regulator that binds well to the adenosine A1 receptor
▶ Researchers from the Australian rice plant era, thesis in the journal ‘Nature’
Chronic pain is one of the issues that place a great burden on the global health and medical community.
The number of patients with pain is increasing, but there is no proper treatment method, so the reality is that we rely heavily on opioid analgesics using opioids.
However, these narcotic analgesics have limited effectiveness and cause serious side effects such as respiratory function deterioration and drug addiction.
Neuropathic pain, a type of chronic pain, is also a disease in which opioid analgesics are frequently used.
Neuropathic pain can come from multiple sources, including bodily injury, viral infection, complications of multiple sclerosis or diabetes, and cancer treatment.
It is likely to open the way for the development of non-narcotic analgesics that safely and effectively treat such neuropathic pain.
A modulator that binds well to the adenosine A1 receptor, a potent therapeutic target for non-narcotic analgesics, has been discovered.
The results of this study, conducted by Arthur Christopoulos, a professor of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences in Australia, were published as a thesis in the journal ‘Nature’ on the 8th (local time).
The adenosine A1 receptor has long been recognized as a potent target of non-narcotic analgesics for neuropathic pain.
However, it has not been developed as an analgesic because it has not been able to find a molecule with accurate on-target selectivity and there is a high risk of side effects.
The research team of Monae era found that PAM (positive allosteric modulator) modulators that are positive for allosteric effects acted much more selectively on A1 receptors.
The allosteric effect refers to a change in the structure of the active site by binding of an activator to a specific site other than the active site that performs the original function of the protein.
By binding to other regions of the A1 receptor, PAM not only relieves neuropathic pain with minimal side effects, but also raises the level of action according to the strength of the spinal cord pain signal.
The research team also used cryoEM (cryoEM) to unravel the high-resolution structure of the A1 receptor, which binds both PAM and adenosine, which have analgesic effects.
This is the first time that the high-resolution atomic structure of the A1 receptor, which acts directly on non-narcotic analgesics, has been elucidated.
Wendy Imlach, Associate Professor, Head of the Pain Mechanism Lab at the Biomedical Discovery Institute (BDI), said, “This study has given us a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of allosteric drugs.” .
Professor Christopoulos, the co-corresponding author of the paper, said, “As we are currently experiencing a global drug crisis, it is urgent to develop a safe and effective non-narcotic analgesic.” By leveraging that insight, we will be able to design non-narcotic allosteric drugs that effectively treat chronic pain.” |
रोहित शर्मा-विरत कोहली रिफ्ट: बोर्ड के एक अधिकारी ने कहा कि आगामी सीरीज से पहले बोर्ड इस पर चर्चा करेगा कि क्या रोहित को वनडे टीम का कप्तान बनाया जाए और कोहली टेस्ट टीम की कप्तानी जारी रखें।
लंदन: भारतीय क्रिकेट टीम के विश्व कप-२०१९ के सेमीफाइनल में हारकर बाहर होने के बाद से इस बात पर काफी चर्चा हो रही है कि क्या टीम कप्तान विराट कोहली और रोहित शर्मा पर अत्यधिक निर्भर हैं। टूर्नामेंट में टीम का स्कोरकार्ड इस बात की पुष्टि करता है और भारतीय क्रिकट कंट्रोल बोर्ड (बीसीसीआई) इसके साथ ही दोनों में कप्तानी के विभाजन पर भी चर्चा कर सकती है।
हालांकि, अधिकारी के अनुसार, विश्व कप के बाद सबसे बड़ा मुद्दा कोहली और रोहित के बीच आई दरार से जुड़ी अफवाहों का है। प्रशासकों की समिति (सीओए) की मौजूदगी में कोच रवि शास्त्री, कोहली और मुख्य चयनकर्ता एम.एस.के प्रसाद के बीच होने वाली बैठक में इन सभी मुद्दों पर चर्चा की जाएगी। अधिकारी ने कहा, 'आप जानते हैं कि विनोद राय (सीओए प्रमुख) पहले ही उल्लेख कर चुके हैं कि एक बैठक होगी जिसमें टीम के प्रदर्शन की समीक्षा की जाएगी। समीक्षा के दौरान इन अफवाहों की तह तक जाना जरूरी है।' जबकि राय ने दावा किया है कि बैठक के दौरान टीम के प्रदर्शन होगी की समीक्षा होगी, कई अन्य मुद्दे भी है जिन पर तत्काल ध्यान देने की आवश्यकता है।
भारतीय टीम के अंदर खिलाड़ियों के बीच दरार की खबरें उबरकर बाहर आने लगीं। एक हिंदी दैनिक में छपी रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक टीम के खिलाड़ी दो खेमों में बंट गए हैं। एक धड़ा कप्तान विराट कोहली के साथ है तो दूसरा उपकप्तान रोहित शर्मा के साथ। लेकिन इन दोनों खेमों के बीच अविश्वास का स्तर ज्यादा नहीं और ये अभी विरोध के लेवल पर नहीं पहुंचा है। रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक टीम में सिर्फ कप्तान विराट कोहली और कोच रवि शास्त्री की चलती है। टीम में खेलने का मौका केवल पसंद के खिलाड़ियों को मिलता है। रोहित शर्मा और जसप्रीत बुमराह जैसे खिलाड़ियों को प्रदर्शन के आधार पर टीम से बाहर नहीं किया जा सकता लेकिन इनके अलावा उन्हीं खिलाड़ियों को मौका दिया जाता हो जो विराट के खेमे के हैं।
रिपोर्ट में यह भी बताया गया है कि खिलाड़ी विराट कोहली और रवि शास्त्री के रवैये से परेशान हैं और इस बात का इंतजार किया जा रहा है कि दोनों की छुट्टी कब होगी। |
Betrayal is the breaking or violation of a presumptive contract, trust, or confidence that produces moral and psychological conflict within a relationship amongst individuals, between organizations or between individuals and organizations. Often betrayal is the act of supporting a rival group, or it is a complete break from previously decided upon or presumed norms by one party from the others. Someone who betrays others is commonly called a traitor or betrayer. Betrayal is also a commonly used literary element, also used in other fiction like films and TV series, and is often associated with or used as a plot twist.
It may be that the speed of change in the former Soviet Union was such that it was almost impossible to ward off a reactionary coup. By the end of the eighties, reformist change in the former Soviet Union was becoming a transformation. Gorbachev had facilitated and protected that process to a degree underestimated by Soviet radicals who had ceased to be his supporters. Some of those who should have been his friends had, unfortunately, forgotten. His chances would have been greater if radical democrats had realized how much danger Gorbachev was in, and had offered him more support as well as constructive -- not destructive -- criticism. These guilty men have deposed the most enlightened leader their country ever had. |
Eager gardeners often start vegetable gardens as soon as the threat of frost is gone. Planting vegetables, especially tomatoes, in cooler weather doesn't mean that you will be harvesting before your neighbors. Instead, you may be exposing your plants to disease and growth problems that could be minimized by waiting. Daytime temperatures below 70 degrees F or evening temperatures consistently below 50 degrees F can damage or destroy tomato plants.
Blossom drop is one of the most obvious effects of cold weather on tomato plants. When overnight temperatures consistently drop below 50 degrees F, or daytime temperatures do not reach 70 to 75 degrees F for several days, tomato blossoms fall off the plant. Cooler temperatures slow the germination process and make it harder for fruit to set.
Temperatures consistently below 70 degrees F, coupled with wet weather, encourages development of gray mold. Gray mold affects both tomato plants and developing fruit, with no effective treatment once a plant is infected. Young seedlings, and distressed and injured plants are the most susceptible to gray mold. Gray mold spores spread easily with wind. Gray mold is best prevented through adequate ventilation between tomato plants in fields, and relative humidity below 80 percent in greenhouses. Infected plants should be destroyed, not composted.
Cooler weather early in the growing season inhibits phosphorus absorption in tomato plants. Phosphorus is essential for tomato plants to flower and produce fruit. Plants with a phosphorus deficiency will have purple leaf veins, or the entire plant may have a purple cast to it, according to Texas A&M's agricultural website. Adequate fertilizing can help control phosphorus deficiency problems.
Tomato plants rely on a complex deep root system to produce an abundant harvest. Cool and freezing weather inhibits adequate root development. As a result, plants do not absorb enough nutrients to stay healthy or produce fruit. If roots are too damaged or undeveloped, the plant dies.
You have several options to protect your tomato plants from cooler temperatures. Plastic mulch helps warm the soil and keep moisture levels consistent. Carefully covering plants helps trap heat by creating a "greenhouse effect" around the covered plants. Use row covers designed for this use; heavier materials like sheets can get too heavy and damage plants. If you are unable to cover your plants, hanging a white sheet near tomato plants reflects the sun's heat and helps plants stay warm. |
Lions (Panthera leo) are not only known for their iconic manes and powerful roars but also for their intricate social structures, hunting strategies, and territorial instincts.
Understanding Lion Habits provides valuable insights into their cooperative nature, unique roles within pride, and the challenges they face in the wild.
From their crepuscular activity patterns to the significance of roaring communication, delving into Lion Habits unravels the intricacies of these awe-inspiring creatures and highlights the importance of conservation efforts to protect their natural behaviors and habitats.
1. Lion Physical Characteristics
Lions are some of the most recognizable animals in the world. With their big, powerful bodies and impressive manes, they always stand out in a crowd.
They have many features that make them well-suited for life as apex predators in their environment. Here we take a closer look at some of the lion’s physical characteristics.
The first thing to note about lions is their size and strength. Male lions can reach a head-to-body length of up to 82 inches and weigh up to 500 pounds, while females can reach a head-to-body length of up to 72 inches and weigh 260 pounds.
Lions also have incredibly strong legs and shoulders which allow them to charge forward with incredible force when hunting prey or defending themselves from danger.
In addition to size and strength, lions have luxurious manes that set them apart from other cats. The mane is used to attract mates and intimidate rivals.
2. Lion Habits
A. Lion Diet in the Wild
Lions have an incredibly varied diet, with their dietary needs changing throughout the year depending on what is available in their habitat. Lions primarily hunt large ungulates such as cape buffalo, wildebeest, zebra, giraffe, and antelope.
Lions typically hunt in groups for larger animals, a tactic, known as cooperative hunting, which significantly increases their chances of success.
Lions will typically start their hunt by stalking the prey until they are close enough to attack and kill it. They will then wait for other lions to arrive, before starting to eat.
B. Lion Habitat in Africa
Lions are amongst the most recognizable animals in the world, and their habitat can be easily found throughout Africa. These majestic creatures live and roam through grasslands, woodlands, savannahs, and other wild areas in which they can hunt for food.
However, despite their large ranges of habitats across Africa, these big cats have faced serious threats to their survival due to the loss of their natural environment caused by poaching and human-induced environmental destruction.
In recent years conservation efforts have been put into action to help preserve the lion population in African countries such as Kenya and Tanzania. National parks have been established with protected boundaries that prevent human interference or exploitation within these areas.
These parks also allow lions to move freely without any danger of being hunted or displaced from their territories which helps ensure a healthy survival rate.
Lion Habitat Facts
To help protect these animals, it is important to understand the facts about lion habitats so that we can work together to preserve them for generations to come.
Lions prefer open plains and savannahs with access to water sources such as rivers, streams, or lakes. They also need grasslands and trees for shade from the strong African sun.
Lions also require a large area of land to roam and hunt which can be up to 100 square miles depending on prey availability. These wide ranges mean that lions need protection from poachers who target their valuable hides and other body parts for commercial purposes.
C. Lion Mating Habits
The mating season for lions occurs throughout the year and there is no specific time for mating. This period is a very exciting time for the big cats as they search for a partner to settle down with and start a family.
Lions form strong bonds of loyalty with their mates and work together to protect their territory and cubs from outside threats.
The male lions begin with an elaborate courtship ritual that includes roaring and showing off their manes. This helps them attract females and establish their dominance over other males.
The female will then accept or reject the male based on his performance, though she might not be ready to mate until a few weeks later due to her hormones cycling. During this time, the male will mark his territory with urine to keep away potential rivals.
Female lions also scent-mark certain areas with urine or feces to attract potential suitors. During mating, male lions may rub against female lions to establish physical contact and show interest.
Once both parties are ready for mating, it isn’t just a one-time thing. Lions have been known to engage in multiple matings over several days or even weeks!
After mating, the lioness gives birth to 1-4 cubs after a gestation period of 110 days. At birth, lion cubs are helplessly dependent on their mother’s milk for nourishment until they reach 6-7 months of age.
During this time, the female will move her cubs several times to prevent their detection by predators.
In the wild, lions have a lifespan of 10-14 years, while in captivity, they can live for up to 17 years.
D. Lion Social Behavior
Lions are known for their social behavior, as they live and hunt in groups called “pride”. Pride typically consists of up to 15 individuals, including one or two males that are dominant.
The female lions in the pride are related to each other and take on the responsibility of hunting for food. They also have specific roles when it comes to caring for their cubs.
The male lions have a more solitary lifestyle than the females since they spend most of their time patrolling and defending their territory from rival pride.
Male lions often engage in battles over territories but rarely harm each other during these conflicts. Instead, they will roar loudly at each other or display aggressive behaviors such as pawing with their claws extended.
These displays help establish dominance between males and can even prevent clashes between them in some cases.
Alpha Male Lion Behavior
Alpha male lion behavior is a fascinating phenomenon to observe in the wild. As top lions of the pride hierarchy, alpha males are responsible for establishing and protecting their territory, as well as defending their pride from outside threats.
With their impressive size and strength, it’s no wonder that alpha male lions evoke awe and admiration from those who witness their behavior in action.
Alpha males play a crucial role within the social structure of pride by providing leadership, establishing clear boundaries on territory and resources, warding off potential threats, and ensuring that order is maintained among members of the group.
They also enforce discipline when needed; if any member violates established rules or threatens to disrupt the harmony within the pride, they are often quickly put back into line by an alpha male.
E. Lion Learned Behavior
Studies have shown that lions in pride learn behaviors from each other. For example, young cubs watch as their parents teach them hunting techniques such as stalking and killing their prey. Lions also observe each other’s successful hunting strategies and copy them accordingly.
In addition, lions may even share a “talk” with one another using roars and growls when teaching or communicating an idea or concept.
3. Lion Behavioral Adaptations
Lions are known for their strength and power, as they are one of the top predators in the animal kingdom. As such, they have developed a variety of behaviors to hunt and survive in the wild. Lions have evolved over time to possess remarkable adaptations that allow them to live in their natural environments.
The most notable behavioral adaptation of lions is their ability to cooperate with other members of their pride while hunting. By working together, lions can take down larger prey that would otherwise be too difficult or dangerous to hunt alone.
Additionally, lions use vocalizations and body language to communicate with each other during hunts. This coordination helps them coordinate attacks and catch food more efficiently than solitary hunters.
In addition to hunting behavior, lions also display numerous social behaviors within the pride they inhabit. Male lions are the most social of the species, often living with multiple females and cubs in a group called a coalition.
This group is led by the oldest and strongest male (the alpha), who will defend his pride from intruders to maintain access to this valuable territory.
4. Facts about Lions
Known as the “king of the jungle,” lions are iconic symbols of strength, courage, and pride. They are social animals, living in groups called prides, and are renowned for their distinct manes and impressive roars.
Here are some interesting facts about these regal creatures:
- Social Structure: Lions are unique among big cats for their social behavior. They live in prides, which typically consist of related females and their offspring, along with a coalition of males. This social structure provides advantages in hunting and protection.
- Manes: Male lions are easily recognized by their impressive manes, which vary in color and size. The mane not only serves as a symbol of strength but also indicates the lion’s health and vigor. Darker, fuller manes are often associated with healthier individuals.
- Hunting Roles: While females are primarily responsible for hunting, males play a crucial role in defending the pride’s territory. Lions are known for their cooperative hunting strategies, where they work together to take down larger prey.
- Roaring Communication: Lions are famous for their resonant roars that can be heard over long distances. Roaring is a vital form of communication among pride members, helping to coordinate activities and establish territory boundaries.
- Territorial Behavior: Lions are territorial animals, and prides defend their territories against intruders. Territorial disputes can lead to intense and sometimes fatal confrontations between rival prides.
- Sleeping Habits: Lions are often associated with being lazy or inactive, but they are actually crepuscular, meaning they are most active during the dawn and dusk. During the day, lions rest and conserve energy, sometimes sleeping for up to 20 hours.
- Speed and Agility: Despite their large size, lions are surprisingly agile and capable of reaching speeds of up to 35 miles per hour in short bursts. This agility is useful for both hunting and evading potential threats.
- Conservation Status: Lions are listed as a vulnerable species, with their populations declining due to habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and poaching. Conservation efforts are underway to protect these iconic animals and their habitats.
- Dietary Preferences: Lions have a diverse diet that includes various ungulates, such as wildebeest, zebras, and buffalo. They are also known to scavenge and may steal kills from other predators, especially hyenas.
- Cubs and Parenting: Lion cubs are born blind and rely on their mothers for care and protection. The entire pride participates in raising the cubs, teaching them essential hunting and survival skills.
Lions continue to captivate the world with their majestic presence and fascinating behaviors, making them a symbol of both the beauty and challenges faced by wildlife in today’s changing world.
5. Frequently Asked Questions About Lion Habits
Do Lions Eat Humans?
Many experts agree that there is no evidence for lions hunting, killing, and eating humans on purpose. While some isolated incidents have occurred where people were killed or injured by lions, these cases are typically attributed to an animal with an injury or illness rather than a healthy lion actively seeking out human prey.
Lions usually avoid contact with people because they perceive them to be dangerous, so attacks against humans are rare unless provoked by other factors such as hunger or territorial disputes.
What Is the Habitat of the Lion?
The lion has a very wide range and can be found in various parts of Africa, including the savannahs, grasslands, open woodlands, thick bush, and semi-desert regions. Lions are also found in some parts of Asia including India’s Gir Forest National Park.
These animals provide them with great hunting opportunities and their habitats must have these food sources for them to survive.
Lions need enough space for themselves so they generally avoid densely populated areas where there may be other predators competing with them for prey.
Can Lions Be Friendly?
Though it’s rare for a wild lion to become truly friendly with a human, instances do exist where this has happened. For example, the famous lioness named Elsa was adopted by game warden George Adamson and his wife Joy in Kenya during the 1950s after she became separated from her family.
With their help, Elsa learned how to hunt for herself and eventually developed an affectionate bond with them, despite being a wild animal.
Cases like this show us that in some special circumstances, lions can be trained to respond positively to people they know, even if they are not related by blood or species!
Do Lions Like to Be Petted?
In general, wild animals are unpredictable and should never be approached without caution. Lions usually have a natural fear of humans and may view us as a threat or potential prey.
Therefore, it is important to remember that lions do not generally seek out human contact and should never be touched without proper safety measures in place.
While it may seem tempting to get close to these majestic creatures, it is important for humans to respect their space for everyone involved, both animals and humans, to stay safe.
Do Lions love their Cubs?
According to research and observation of lions in the wild, experts believe that mother lions certainly have a strong bond with their cubs. This bond is so strong that mothers will risk their own lives to protect their young from predators. Lions also display other signs of affection like licking and playfully wrestling their cubs.
Female lions form pride with other adult females and all share in rearing the pride’s cubs together, which could be seen as a communal form of love for the young animals.
The male lion may not be as involved in raising the cubs, but he does provide protection for them against other male predators who would seek to take over his pride or harm his young offspring.
Do Lions Know Their Cubs?
Female lions use olfactory cues to identify their cubs and may even be able to distinguish between litters. The mothers will stay with one litter of cubs while other adult females will take charge of the other litter, indicating a recognition system within pride.
However, male lions are thought to have less of an understanding or attachment to the cubs. They tend not to associate with the young and can even be seen attacking them when attempting to assert dominance over another male lion.
Conclusion on Lion Habits
Exploring Lion Habits unveils a captivating world of social intricacies, cooperative hunting, and territorial dynamics within these iconic big cats.
The unique behaviors exhibited by lions, from their majestic roars to the cooperative roles within pride, contribute to their enduring allure.
As we delve into the realm of Lion Habits, it becomes clear that a deeper understanding of these creatures is not only crucial for wildlife enthusiasts but also plays a vital role in conservation initiatives.
Preserving the natural habits of lions is essential for maintaining the delicate balance of ecosystems and ensuring the continued existence of these regal animals.
By fostering awareness and supporting conservation efforts, we can contribute to the safeguarding of Lion Habits for generations to come. |
दिल्ली यूनिवर्सिटी में छात्रसंघ चुनाव के लिए गुरुवार को वोट डाले जाएंगे। इसके लिए ५२ मतदान केंद्र बनाए गए हैं चुनाव का परिणाम १३ सितंबर को घोषित कर दिए जाएंगे। चुनाव के मद्देनजर सुरक्षा के पुख्ता इंतजाम हैं।
नई दिल्ली : दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय छात्र संघ (डूसू) चुनाव के तहत चार पदों के लिए बृहस्पतिवार को वोट डाले जाएंगे और परिणामों की घोषणा १३ सितंबर को होगी। इसमें १.३ लाख से अधिक विद्यार्थी मतदान करने के योग्य हैं। दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय के चुनाव अधिकारी अशोक प्रसाद ने कहा, मतदान केंद्रों पर ईवीएम बुधवार को पहुंचा दिये गये और सुरक्षा के सख्त इंतजाम किए गए हैं। उत्तर पश्चिम दिल्ली के किंग्सवे कैंप की पुलिस लाइन्स का कम्युनिटी हॉल मतगणना केंद्र होगा।
उन्होंने कहा, १.३ लाख विद्यार्थी ५२ मतदान केंद्रों पर वोट डालेंगे। चुनाव परिणाम १३ सितंबर को घोषित किए जाएंगे। नजदीकी मुकाबले वाले इन चुनावों में कांग्रेस समर्थित एनएसयूआई से अध्यक्ष पद के लिए ११ साल बाद कोई महिला उम्मीदवार चुनाव मैदान में है। इसकी प्रतिद्वंद्वी एबीवीपी ने पिछली बार 20११ में महिला उम्मीदवार उतारा था। चुनाव मैदान में उतरे १6 उम्मीदवारों में केवल चार महिलाएं हैं जिनमें से दो निर्दलीय हैं।
आरएसएस से संबद्ध अखिल भारतीय विद्यार्थी परिषद (एबीवीपी) ने डूसू अध्यक्ष पद के लिए अक्षित दहिया को, उपाध्यक्ष पद के लिए प्रदीप तंवर को, महासचिव पद के लिए योगित राठी और संयुक्त सचिव पद के लिए शिवांगी खेरवाल को उतारा है। नेशनल स्टूडेंट्स यूनियन ऑफ इंडिया (एनएसयूआई) ने दहिया के खिलाफ चेतना त्यागी को और वाम दल समर्थित आइसा ने अध्यक्ष पद के लिए दामिनी कैन को उतारा है।
एनएसयूआई ने उपाध्यक्ष पद के लिए अंकित भारती को, सचिव पद के लिए आशीष लांबा और संयुक्त सचिव पद के लिए अभिषेक चपराना को चुनाव मैदान में उतारा है। पुलिस के एक वरिष्ठ अधिकारी ने कहा कि पुलिस सहायक आयुक्त और उत्तर पश्चिम जिले के थाना प्रभारी मतदान केंद्रों पर व्यवस्था का निरीक्षण करेंगे।
अधिकारी ने बताया कि विश्वविद्यालय के नॉर्थ कैंपस की तरफ विजय जुलूसों की निगरानी उत्तर पुलिस जिला के पुलिसकर्मी करेंगे।
पिछले साल, इलेक्ट्रॉनिक वोटिंग मशीन (ईवीएम) में गडबड़ी के आरोपों को लेकर मतदान रोक दिया गया था। हालांकि, बाद में यह शुरू कर दिया गया था।
पिछले साल के चुनाव में एबीवीपी ने तीन पदों पर जीत हासिल की थी जबकि एनएसयूआई को एक सीट मिली थी। विभिन्न छात्र संगठनों ने चुनाव से पहले जो वादे किए हैं उनमें असमानता हटाना, महिला सुरक्षा, विद्यार्थियों को ओलंपिक भेजना और मेट्रो के लिए रियायती पास दिलाना आदि शामिल हैं। |
I may have spent my time trawling Holland Village since childhood, but it looks like I still managed to miss some things One of them is SG Face, a facial salon located at the long-standing but very much neglected anchorpoint of Holland Village – Holland Road Shopping Centre. You might know it as the building where anchor tenants Cold Storage and Guardian Pharmacy sit.
While Holland Road Shopping Centre may not be the most exciting spot within Holland Village to visit, it is extremely convenient to get to; it’s just three minutes away from the MRT station, and that’s one of the most important factors for a facial salon you go to regularly, isn’t it?
It’s easy to miss the salon. After all, the hidden gem is located round the corner from the escalator. What welcomed me may look like a small reception area, but it was certainly made up by the warmth of the staff’s greetings.
I later found out that the small size of the shopfront was deceptive, as the salon boasts a sizeable back area that is not visible from the front, with a locker area for bags and five fully-equipped facial rooms.
SG Face specialises in facial treatments, and best known for their anti-acne facials. Using only high quality natural and organic products from respected spa brands such as Babor, Jurlique, and Decleor, SG Face facials are suitable even for those with sensitive skin.
Jurlique facial treatments are especially popular among women who don’t just want a session that improve their skin, but also helps them relax. With a focus in aromatherapy, Jurlique facial treatments are calming and soothing, and are known for their anti-ageing and wrinkle-prevention benefits.
A thorough assessment was given before I was recommended a facial treatment. They reached their verdict quickly: I didn’t have actively acne-prone skin, so the anti-acne treatment wasn’t the best type for me. My skin was dry on the surface but prone to oiliness coming from within, so they recommended that I go for the sensitive skin treatment, and the professional therapist ensures that only ingredients most suitable for my skin type would be used on me.
The treatment used products that are formulated from blue chamomile flower, for its anti-inflammatory and skin-softening properties, and the comfrey plant, which can apparently stimulate new tissue growth on the skin layer, and heal any skin damage.
Besides people with naturally sensitive skin, other groups of people that can consider this treatment are those with sun-damaged skin, or those on oral anti-acne medication with skin-thinning side effects.
The facial process
My face was first cleansed with an Aloe Sensitive Cleansing Milk, and then a gentle scrub was applied. I usually don’t take very well to scrubs, but thankfully, this one wasn’t too gritty.
Next, some cotton pads were applied on my face, soaked with a solution that was said to soften blackheads in preparation for the extraction process coming up. The cotton pads sat on my face while it was steamed gently for about five to ten minutes. I was happy to find that the steam used here was not too hot, and didn’t give me breathing difficulties.
Now came the “fun” part. Extractions are a big reason why I don’t regularly attend facials, as I have a low pain tolerance and don’t enjoy trying not to cry in front of strangers. For me, the decision of whether I would choose to re-visit a facial salon probably revolves almost entirely on how painless the extraction process turns out to be.
SG Face’s extraction process was certainly very tolerable and I’m happy to say that they passed my pain-tolerance test. Extraction is skilfully done with a metal tool or with the beautician’s sanitised hands, depending on the blackhead situation.
I could also feel the gunk being squeezed out every time, more so than other facial salons I’ve tried, and that sensation was oddly satisfying.
A thin piece of gauze was placed over my face and a disinfection rod was rolled over the skin, apparently to kill bacteria from the open pores. I have heard that this type of disinfection machine could sometimes cause a zapping or stinging feeling when passed over the skin, but I personally experienced no pain or discomfort during this process.
The gauze was removed and now another cooling machine was used on my face. The beautician also applied Anti Couperose Ampoules on my skin while rolling the cooling machine.
As the cooling machine closed the pores which have been opened from steaming and extraction, the liquid from the ampoules could be evenly distributed and absorbed all over the face at the same time.
At this point, I was just enjoying the cool temperature of the machine and the liquid on my face, especially after the extraction.
Another piece of thin gauze was then placed over my face and a peel-off Anti Couperose soft mask is applied on top of it. The gauze used had large holes in it, so the goodness of the mask was still able to seep into my skin.
This is the first time I’ve had a mask being applied on top of gauze, but after I experienced how it made the mask removal so fuss-free, I’m beginning to wonder why more places don’t already do this.
During the duration of the mask, I was treated to an amazing neck and shoulder massage done with fragrant lavender lotion. The massage was mild but it was just enough for me to feel happy and relaxed.
The mask came off in one motion, thanks to the gauze underneath, and then the Anti Couperose Cream Light was applied on to my skin. This was a light, watery and almost gel-like formulation, which was gently but thoroughly massaged into my skin. (I really liked how many massages I got throughout the facial.)
Another mask was applied next, this time without a gauze because it was the Anti Couperose Cream Mask. While the previous mask was more of a soft, viscous consistency, this one felt more like thick moisturiser. Instead of another massage, I was left alone for 20 minutes while letting the mask sit, during which time I almost fell asleep.
The facial came to an end after this, and I was given the customarily brief back and shoulder massage.
I liked how my face felt hydrated after the process, but did not feel oily to the touch, a common post-facial symptom. I did have some red spots on one side of my face, but a Daily Vanity colleague who had accompanied me to the facial observed that it definitely looked milder than the typical post-facial redness.
The beauticians assured me this redness will fade in about a day or two, but for me, the redness had completely subsided by the next morning. My skin definitely felt a lot smoother and healthier, and I got comments that very night that my pores are noticeably smaller!
All in all, I’m very satisfied with the results of the facial, and glad to find such a gem in a relatively unfrequented place like Holland Road Shopping Centre. Given the means, I’d definitely be keen to re-visit. I will certainly recommend SG Face if you’re looking for a good facial experience by skilful therapists who are trained in extraction and anti-acne therapies. SG Face also told us that they promise a “no-hard-sell policy”, which will set customers at ease.
SG Face is currently having a promotion where first-time customers receives 50% off their first visit, whether they choose to go for one session or to sign up for the 10-session package. That’s right, this means you could potentially get 50% off a 10-session package, which is a hard to come by offer! If you’re looking to try out an alternative salon to get your facials done, look no further.
SG Face – Beauty and Make-up Specialist is located at #03-42, 211 Holland Avenue, Holland Road Shopping Centre, which is just a three-minute walk from the MRT station. Call 6763-9466 or 8468-1680 for appointments and visit their website for more information.
This article is brought to you by SG Face. |
राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य मिशन के अन्तर्गत आज मिजिल्स रूबेला टीकाकरण अभियान की शुरूआत जिलाधिकारी शम्भु कुमार द्वारा राजकीय बालिका इण्टर कालेज से की गयी। इस अभियान को सफल बनाने हेतु राजकीय बालिका इण्टर कालेज की छात्राओं द्वारा निकाली गयी रैली को जिलाधिकारी शम्भु कुमार ने हरी झण्डी दिखाकर रवाना किया।
इस अवसर पर उन्होंने कहा कि मिजिल्स रूबेला टीकाकरण अभियान के अन्तर्गत ९ माह से १५ साल तक के प्रत्येक बच्चे का टीकाकरण होना है। जनपद में इस टीकाकरण अभियान के लिये ११ लाख बच्चों के टीकाकरण का लक्ष्य निर्धारित किया गया। इस टीकाकरण को कराने से खसरा और रूबेला जैसी गम्भीर बीमारियो से बचा जा सकता है। उन्होने कहा कि जिला विद्यालय निरीक्षक, जिला बेसिक शिक्षा अधिकारी और मुख्य चिकित्साधिकारी आपस में समन्वय स्थापित करके इस अभियान के अन्तर्गत प्रत्येक विद्यालय में कैम्प लगाकर टीकाकरण अनिवार्य रूप से प्रत्येक छात्र/छात्राओं करायें, जनपद में कोई भी बच्चा इस टीकाकरण अभियान से छूटे न।
इस अवसर पर जिलाधिकारी ने कहा कि मा प्रधानमंत्री एवं मुख्यमंत्री जी के कुशल निर्देशन में प्रदेश में यह अभियान व्यापक स्तर पर संचालित किया जा रहा है जो आज से प्रारम्भ होकर १ माह तक चलाया जायेगा। उन्होने बताया कि यह वैक्सीन सभी सरकारी व प्राइवेट विद्यालयों, मदरसों, आंगनबाड़ी केन्द्रों पर निःशुल्क लगायी जायेगी तथा गांवों में स्वास्थ्य विभाग की टीम द्वारा छोटे बच्चों का भी टीकाकरण किया जायेगा। इस अवसर पर मुख्य चिकित्साधिकारी डा ए.के श्रीवास्तव ने भी मिजिल्स रूबेला अभियान टीकाकरण के सम्बन्ध में बिन्दुवार जानकारी दी।
कार्यक्रम का संचालन मो अनीस ने किया। इस कार्यक्रम में मुख्य चिकित्सा अधीक्षिका महिला चिकित्सालय डा० रीता दूबे, मुख्य चिकित्सा अधीक्षक डा० योगेन्द्र, डा० राहुल कामले, डा० विन्ध्याचल सिंह यति सहित स्वास्थ्य विभाग के कर्मचारी तथा स्कूल की छात्रायें उपस्थित रही।
राष्ट्र की सेवा में समर्पित विश्व के सबसे बड़े सीमा रक्षक बल के ५३ वर्ष पूरे!
कृत्रिम बारिश की तैयारी, हो रही है काले बादलों का इंतजार!
अच्छे दिन! खाना बनाने वाले सिलिंडर की कीमत १००० के पार पहुंचा!
फैजाबाद जिला अब अयोध्या हुआ, मुख्यमंत्री योगी की बड़ी घोषणा! |
Working the night shift may reduce glucose tolerance and increase a person’s risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, according to a new study from researchers in Boston. Nearly 24 million people in the United States have Type 2 diabetes, and roughly 8.6 million Americans work the night shift.
Previous studies have shown that people who work the night shift have an increased risk of developing Type 2. To determine what factors might contribute to this increase in risk, researchers recruited 13 healthy, nonobese adults who did not have a significant history of night-shift work. The participants were assigned to complete two eight-day procedures in the laboratory in random order. Both procedures included four baseline days, which were then followed by either four days of daytime work or four days of nighttime work.
The content of meals provided to both groups was identical; however, people working the day shift began eating at 8 AM, while people working the night shift began eating at 8 PM. Participants had a fasting blood sample taken before the meal, with additional samples taken every 10 minutes for 90 minutes following the meal and every 30 minutes for 90 minutes thereafter.
The researchers found that peak blood glucose levels were 16% higher during the nighttime shifts compared to during the daytime shifts. They also discovered that, although the meals given to each group were identical, the insulin levels in the night-shift workers were 40% to 50% higher between 80 and 90 minutes after their meal than the insulin levels in daytime workers during the same time frame.
“It is surprising that just a single night shift can significantly impair glucose tolerance and increase insulin levels. These findings are important because they demonstrate, under highly controlled lab conditions, that acute exposure to night work impairs glucose tolerance. Chronic impaired glucose tolerance is likely to lead to Type 2 diabetes,” noted lead author Christopher Morris, PhD.
For more information, read the article “Night Work May Impair Glucose Tolerance” or download a copy of the journal SLEEP’s abstract supplement and view the study abstract on page A182. And to learn more about getting the sleep you need, read this piece by nurse David Spero. |
Naturalization is a process by which Greek Citizenship is granted to a Third Country National of Greek Origin (born and residing abroad) if he/she meets the requirements of Greek Citizenship Law. Said process can become difficult and confusing as applicants must complete several steps while meeting various requirements and deadlines. The naturalization process is followed when the applicant’s ancestor’s registration with the Greek Authorities is not valid (for example, in the case of old registration records with the Municipal Rolls) or no record of his/her ancestor can be located with the Greek Authorities.
An applicant submits a petition and an application to the Greek Consulate of his/her place of residence abroad (signed by him/her), in the presence of two witnesses (who need to be Greek Citizens), requesting to acquire the Greek Citizenship. An interview of the applicant at the Consulate General is required. An applicant should exhibit a strong connection to Greece (evidenced –among other things-by visits to Greece, involvement with the Greek Community at the country of his/her residence, existing relatives in Greece and command of the Greek language). While speaking Greek is not absolutely necessary, it is a fact taken into consideration. The Greek Consulate receives the application and petition with all the supporting documents and forwards the file to the Hellenic Ministry of Interior. Once the file arrives at the Naturalization Department of the Ministry, the Ministry following review, issues a Decision granting or denying the Greek Citizenship. The Ministry may reject an applicant’s application if the requirements are not met. Said process usually takes more than (1) one year.
Once a Decision is issued by the Ministry of Interior, it is published on the National Gazette. Following that, the Ministry issues a “Notice of Naturalization Oath Ceremony” which is forwarded to the competent Greek Consulate abroad. The Greek Consulate should schedule the Oath Ceremony and the applicant should attend it within one (1) year from the issuance of the Decision issued by the Ministry of Interior. The applicant at the citizenship oath ceremony swears allegiance and faith to the state of Greece. In case the applicant does not attend the oath ceremony within the specific time, the Decision is revoked.
After the applicant takes the oath, a report is drafted by the Competent Greek Consulate stating the Municipality the applicant wishes to register with, which is forwarded to the competent Greek Citizenship Department of the Decentralized Administration in Greece. The Decentralized Administration (its Department of Greek citizenship handling Greek citizenship applications of individuals of Greek origin) is a legal body established by the Hellenic Ministry of Interior and each region in Greece is assigned to a Decentralized Administration. The Decentralized Administration processes the applicant’s file and forwards the file to the competent Municipality, which –in turn- completes the registration. Once the registration with the Municipal Rolls is completed, the third country national is officially a Greek Citizen! |
In the first part, we established the purpose of Service Mesh and explained the Authentication part of the process. In this article, we’ll focus on Authorization.
Once the identity of the requester is known, the next step is to check whether the requester is authorized to access the requested data.
User to service
Users must have access to Application Service to submit applications.
When a request reaches the Application Service, the service must first check the "internal token" to ensure that a valid user sent the request. Then it checks whether the requesting user has access to the service or a specific endpoint of the service. In this case, this is done by checking the description of the user access in the "internal token." As this process has nothing to do with the business logic for the Application Service, it’s better to delegate it to a sidecar.
Service to service
A request from a user can be handled entirely by one microservice in the system, or by multiple microservices together. For microservices, the requester can be a user or other microservice. In our system, there will be interactions between microservices, but they are limited. When Application Service receives a request for creating an application, it needs to access the Domain Specific User Information Service for user data to create the application. For Domain Specific User Information Service, requests from Application Service should be processed, otherwise they should be rejected.
The accessibility configuration between services is provided by another service. When performing this check, we must first retrieve the accessibility configuration between services so that we can handle the request according to the configuration. Since this process also has nothing to do with the business logic for the Domain Specific User Information Service, it’s better to delegate it to a sidecar as well.
User to data from services
Access data from Application Service as a team member in an application
When a team member submits an application on behalf of the team, the system needs to allow other team members to view the application. Since the application contains team members’ mobile numbers, the system can know who can access the application according to authenticated users’ mobile numbers. In this scenario, the configuration of whether the application can be accessed is from the application itself. In other words: only Application Service itself knows who can access what applications.
Authorization check delegated to a sidecar
Since the authorization information can only be from the Application Service, the microservice must provide an API for the sidecar to perform the authorization check, which results in the microservice being essentially involved in the authorization check and the authorization check not being fully delegated to the sidecar.
Authorization check within the service
For many microservices that use relational databases, authorization checks may be just the filtering of the INNER JOIN in SQL without doing anything more. If we need to filter the data received from the database, communicating within a service is easier than communicating between services.
As we mentioned, only Application Service itself knows who can access what applications. Therefore, in this scenario, incorporating the authorization check within the service can make the logic more coherent and reduce unnecessary work if the microservices do it themselves.
Access data from Application Service as an application reviewer
Assume that applicants come from 10 cities. There are 5 application reviewers, with each reviewer taking responsibility for applications from 2 cities. No information is shared among them.
City 1 and city 2 are under the management of reviewer 1. When reviewer 1 wants to view applications under their management, they need to call an endpoint similar to the following.
The reviewer may only want to view applications from city 1 submitted in recent days.
The reviewer isn’t authorized to view applications from cities other than 1 and 2. So the request below must be rejected.
Delegate the authorization check to a sidecar
Since the accessibility configuration is provided by other services, the microservice doesn’t need or have the ability to provide support for the sidecar, or to know that the sidecar exists. But the sidecar, which is used for the authorization check, needs to learn the microservice's business.
Although the sidecar must learn the business of the microservice and become the service’s exclusive sidecar, from the perspective of the microservice, the logic of data authorization checking is completely delegated, and the microservice can be cleaner. When developers build the microservice, they can also focus more on implementing the business.
Before microservices process requests, identifying the requesting user, meaning verifying the authentication, should be delegated to the infrastructure layer.
When the authorization configuration is provided by other services, if it's "service to service" or "user to service," it should be delegated to the infrastructure layer. If it's "user to data from service," like the scenario where application reviewers review applications, delegating the authorization check to the infrastructure layer should be considered a priority.
When the authorization configuration can only be provided by the microservice itself, if it's "user to data from services," maintaining the configuration is the service’s job. Like the scenario where the relationship between team members and applications. Having the microservice to perform the authorization check should be considered a priority.
Disclaimer: The statements and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the positions of Thoughtworks. |
विडियो: महाराष्ट्र के ताडोबा नेशनल पार्क में बाघ और भालू के बीच रोमांचक लड़ाई!
सोशल मीडिया में बाघ और भालू के बीच हुई रोमांचक लड़ाई का एक वीडियो तेजी से वायरल हो रहा है। वीडियो महाराष्ट्र के ताडोबा नेशनल पार्क का बताया जाता है। एनडीटीवी की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार वीडियो बुधवार (२८ फरवरी, २०१८) दोपहर बाद तब किसी ने अपने कैमरे में कैद कर लिया जब भालू और बाघ के बीच लड़ाई होने लगी।
वायरल हो रहे वीडियो में बाघ भालू के पीछा कर उसपर हमला करता हुआ नजर आ रहा है, लेकिन भालू वापस पलटवार कर बाघ पर हमला कर देता है।
वीडियो के शुरू में बाघ कुछ देर तर भालू को अपने जबरों में पकड़े रहता है, हालांकि कुछ देर बाद उसकी पकड़ ढेली पड़ गई। इसके बाद भालू तुरंत बाघ पर पलटवार कर देता है और बाघ को पीछे हटने पर मजबूर कर देता है।
वीडियो वायरल होने पर बोम्बे फोरस्ट सफारी लॉज के चीफ नेचुरालिस्ट अक्षय कुमार बताते हैं, बाघ करीब सात साल का था, उसका पार्क में अच्छा खासा दबदबा रहता है। इस दौरान एक भालू पानी की तलाश में बाघ के पाले में आ पहुंचा। |
The enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an essential component of cellular metabolism. It is the target for a number of drugs, some of which are directed towards the bacterial form of the enzyme and function as antibiotics. Trimethoprim (TMP) is one such compound. Unfortunately, bacteria quickly evolve variants of DHFR that are both active and resistant to TMP. We have used directed evolution to mimic this evolutionary process, and have produced mutants that are both active and bind TMP with very low affinity. Analysis of these mutants reveals a great deal about DHFR as well as providing a great deal of useful information for designing new drugs. |
Some have interpreted the “Hockey Stick” as definitive proof of the human influence on climate. However, others have suggested that the data and methodologies used to produce this type of figure are questionable (e.g. von Storch et al. 2004), because widespread, accurate temperature records are only available for the past 150 years. Much of the temperature record is recreated from a range of ‘proxy’ sources such as tree rings, historicalrecords, ice cores, lake sediments and corals.This simple fact - that carbon dioxide and methane reflect more infrared radiation than other gases - is incontrovertible, as solidly known as the force of gravity at the Earth's surface. There is no question that an atmosphere with more CO2 in it will reflect more infrared radiation than one with less. These are laws of physics, not models or conjecture.
Climate change arguments do not rest on “proving” that the warming trend is unprecedented over the past Millennium. Whether or not this debate is now settled, this is only one in a number of lines of evidence for human-induced climate change. The key conclusion, that the build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will lead to several degrees of warming,rests on the laws of physics and chemistry and a broad range of evidence beyond one particular graph.
Somehow, this always gets lost in the discussion. To claim that continuing emissions of CO2 won't lead to climate change is to claim that up is down, black is white, and the laws of physics no longer apply. Very, very good of Stern to state the facts of this matter. |
कुछ समय पहले एक मराठी दैनिक ने एक ख़बर छापी कि चित्तौड़ की महारानी पद्मिनी पर एक चलचित्र बनाया जाएगा जो कि रानी पद्मिनी व अलाउद्दीन ख़िलजी के प्रेम पर आधारित होगा।जी हाँ, सही पढ़ा आपने, रानी पद्मिनी व ख़िलजी की प्रेम कहानी! अब ज़ाहिर सी बात है कि कुछ जागे हुए स्वाभिमानी भारतियों को यह घृणित बात बहुत आहत कर गई।ख़ैर, कुछ विरोध के बाद अख़बार ने ग़लती मानते हुए क्षमायाचना कर ली और बात समाप्त हो गई।
पर कल पुन: इनटरनैट पर यह कहानी दोहराई गई।हो सकता है यह सब मायानगरी के गपोड़ियों का प्रलाप ही हो, परन्तु इस प्रकार का कोई प्रयास भी अत्यन्त निम्न कोटि की उश्रृंखलता है जिसका बीज रूप में ही नष्ट किया जाना श्रेयस्कर है।
जो लोग रानी पद्मिनी की जीवनी से परिचित हैं वे जानते हैं कि पद्मिनी की सुन्दरता अद्वितीय थी तथा ख़िलजी अपनी वासना के वश चित्तौड़ पर आक्रमण करने आया था। रानी पद्मिनी के पति रावल रतन सिंह ने जल के प्रतिबिम्ब में पद्मिनी की छाया दिखा कर ख़िलजी से पिंड छुड़ाने का उपक्रम किया। फिर जैसा कि हिन्दू राजाओं की मूर्खता के कारण होता आया है, वही हुआ।
रतन सिंह ख़िलजी को क़िले से नीचे छोड़ने गए। मलिक मुहम्मद जायसी के पद्मावत के अनुसार रास्ते में रतन सिंह गिरफ़्तार कर लिए गए। हालांकि ख़िलजी ने उनसे कहा था कि वो पद्मावती को बहन की नज़र से देखते हैं, रानी का प्रतिबिम्ब देखकर ख़िलजी की नीयत दोबारा ख़राब हो गई थी।
फिर चित्तौर के सैनिकों ने अपने राजा को छुडवा तो लिया लेकिन ख़िलजी ने चित्तौरगढ़ के क़िले पर हमला बोल दिया। जब दुर्ग में प्रवेश न कर सके तो ख़िलजी ने उसे चारों दिशाओं से घेर लिया। अन्दर तक खाद्य एवं अन्य ज़रूरी सामान की आपूर्ति समाप्त हो गई तो राणा ने हुक्म दिया कि सभी राजपूत शौर्य का प्रदर्शन करते हुए आर-पार की लड़ाई लड़ें।
यह लड़ाई बराबरी की नहीं थी। पद्मावती समझ गई कि राजपूत सैनिक की छोटी से टुकड़ी लम्बे समय तक ख़िलजी की सेना को रोक नहीं पाएगी। उन्होंने पद्म या कमल-रूपी चिता सजाई और सभी राजपुतानी वीरांगनाओं के साथ अग्नि में समाहित हो गईं।
सभी स्त्रियों की अग्नि-समाधि की सूचना पा कर राजपूत सैनिकों को लगा कि परिवार-रहित जीवन जीने का कोई औचित्य नहीं है। सो वो लड़ते-लड़ते वीरगति को प्राप्त हो गए। जब ख़िलजी आख़िर क़िले में दाख़िल हुआ तो उसे केवल जली हुई हड्डियाँ मिलीं।
अब यह बात तो भारत का बच्चा बच्चा जानता है, फिर क्या कारण है कि मुम्बई के कुछ दलाल महारानी पद्मिनी को ख़िलजी की प्रेमिका के रूप में दर्शाना चाहते हैं? इसके कारणों पर जाने से पहले ज़रा यह परखा जाए कि क्या यह बात ऐतिहासिक रूप से सम्भव है कि पद्मिनी का ख़िलजी से प्रेम रहा हो?
मेवाड़ राजपूत घराने के सबसे वीर व वैभवशाली राजा बप्पा रावल थे जिन्होंने आठवीं शताब्दी में अरबों को पराजित कर ईरान की तरफ़ धकेल दिया था। बाप्पा रावल के वंशजों ने पीढ़ी दर पीढ़ी मध्य पूर्व के आक्रान्ताओं से रक्त रंजित संघर्ष जारी रखा। आक्रान्ताओं से इतने वैमनस्य व घृणा के बीच पली बढ़ी पद्मिनी किसी दुर्दान्त हत्यारे से प्रेम करे यह बात समझ के परे है।
सीधी सच्ची समझ के उस युग में स्टॉकहोम सिन्ड्रोम (जिसमें व्यक्ति अपने सताने वाले को ही प्रेम करने लगता है) बहुत प्रचलित रोग रहा हो इसकी सम्भावना कम ही प्रतीत होती है। सोचने योग्य बात है कि रानी पद्मिनी एक दुर्दान्त विधर्मी हत्यारे से प्रेम क्यों करतीं? क्या ख़िलजी का शारीरिक सौष्ठव बेहद आकर्षक था? क्या ख़िलजी कोई कवि हृदय या संगीत का मर्मज्ञ था कि पद्मिनी उसके प्रति आकृष्ट होती? क्या ख़िलजी बहुत उदार हृदय सम्राट था? यदि नहीं, तो क्या कारण रहा हो सकता है कि रानी पद्मिनी एक अनपढ़, वहशी हत्यारे से प्रेम करने लगतीं? इन दोनों की तो भाषा भी इतनी भिन्न थी कि दुभाषिये के बिना बातचीत भी संभव नहीं हो सकती थी।
आप सही सोच रहे हैं। पद्मिनी के ख़िलजी से प्रेम की बात हास्यास्पद ही होती यदि यह एक गहरे षड्यंत्र का हिस्सा न होती। एक षड़यन्त्र जिसके तहत भारत के इतिहास को इस हद तक विकृत किया जाए कि भारतवासियों का अपने मूल से ही सम्बन्ध विच्छेद हो जाए। एक षड़यन्त्र जिसके तहत भारतीय मानस को इतना भ्रमित किया जाए कि आत्मरक्षा करना भी उसे अपराध बोध से भर दे। एक षड़यन्त्र जिसमें हमारे आत्मसम्मान पर चोट कर-कर के उसे पिलपिला कर दिया जाए।
ऐसा क्यों किया जा रहा है? क्योंकि हमारे देश की सम्पदा व सुख पर कई शक्तियाँ लार टपका रही हैं। हमारी युवा पीढ़ी पर एक सुनियोजित बौद्धिक अतिक्रमण किया जा रहा है जिसके अंतर्गत ऐतिहासिक तथ्यों को विकृत कर उन्हें दिग्भ्रमित किया जा सके। हमारी संस्कृति व धर्म पर चौतरफ़ा आक्रमण इसलिए हो रहे हैं क्योंकि हमारे नेता नेतृत्व न कर के, मात्र वोट बैन्कों का प्रबन्धन कर रहे हैं।
केवल राजनैतिक नेतृत्व ही नहीं, हमारा धार्मिक व सामाजिक नेतृत्व भी खोखला हो चुका है। आत्मप्रज्ञा का नितान्त अभाव, समर्पण की कमी तथा अदूरदर्शिता की त्रासदी आज का नेतृत्व है।
एक भयानक खेल हम लोगों के साथ खेला जा रहा है जिसमें कि हमें न केवल अपने इतिहास व पूर्वजों के प्रति वरन् अपने धर्म व अवतारों के प्रति भी शंका से भरा जा रहा है। हर व्यक्ति अपने पूर्वजों व धर्म के संबल पर जीवन जीता है, यदि ये खूँटियाँ उससे छीन ली जाएँ तो वह एकाकी आणविक जीवन जीने को अभिशप्त हो जाता है। ऐसे नीरस व असुरक्षित जीवन में ही अपराध व रोग जन्म लेने लगते हैं। समाज को उसके पूर्वजों पर संशय में डालना उसके संस्कारों को क्षीण करता है, जो कि अराजकता की नींव डालने जैसा है।
रानी पद्मिनी को ख़िलजी की प्रेमिका बताकर वामपंथी व जेहादी तत्व वैचारिक स्वतन्त्रता की आड़ में भारतीय मानस के साथ एक भद्दा उपहास तो कर ही रहे हैं, साथ ही यह एक प्रयास है हमारी मातृशक्ति का व्यभिचारीकरण कर भारत के लोगों को उकसाने का। वामपंथियों के दोनों हाथों में लड्डू हैं!
यदि भारतवासी इस प्रकरण का विरोध नहीं करते हैं तो यह सिद्ध हो जाएगा कि हमारी आत्मा मर चुकी है। यदि विरोध करते हैं तो कितना समय नष्ट होगा, कितने लोगों को कष्ट उठाने होंगे, तथा व्यर्थ की अराजकता होगी जिसे ये वामपंथी, दक्षिणपंथियों की दक़ियानूसी सोच बता कर राष्ट्र प्रेमियों को बदनाम करेंगे।
ऐसे में राष्ट्रभक्तों द्वारा महारानी पद्मिनी के इस भयानक अपमान का विरोध कोई सरल काम नहीं होगा। यद्यपि ऐसे घटिया प्रयास को निर्विरोध भी छोड़ा तो नहीं जा सकता।
जहाँ तक मूल विषय की बात है, महारानी पद्मिनी को ख़िलजी के प्रति आसक्त बताना एक महापाप है जिसके लिए कोई भी दण्ड पर्याप्त नहीं है। यह एक ऐतिहासिक व सम्मानित चरित्र की मानहानि भी है। यह ऐसा ही है जैसे कि एक बेटे को यह कहा जाए कि उसकी माँ के उसके परिवार के दुश्मन के साथ वासना का सम्बन्ध था।
आधुनिक युग में हो सकता है सतीत्व कोई मूल्यवान बात न हो, पर क्या हमारी माँओं बहनों का शील भी इस प्रकार बाज़ारों में बेचा जाएगा?
मध्य पूर्व के बर्बर दरिन्दों से लड़ते हुए मेवाड़ के अनगिनत सपूत वीरगति को प्राप्त हुए हैं, उन्हीं वीर राजपूतों की पूर्वज रानी के एक उस ज़माने में म्लेच्छ कहे जाने वाले के साथ प्रेम का सफ़ेद झूठ प्रचारित करना ऐसा है जैसे उन वीरों की चिताओं पर अपने स्वार्थ की रोटियाँ सेकना। मेवाड़ के राजपूतों ने अपनी माँओं व बहनों के शील की रक्षा का मूल्य अपना मस्तक कटा कर चुकाया था।
मुम्बई के कुछ प्रगतिशील फ़िल्म उद्योगियों से शील का मूल्य समझ पाने की अपेक्षा तो नहीं की जा सकती पर क्या वे चार पैसे कमाने के लिए अपनी माँ के जीवन पर भी ऐसा चलचित्र बनाएँगे, यह जानना आवश्यक हो जाता है।
महारानी पद्मिनी का जौहर (जीवित अग्नि में प्रवेश) एक युग प्रवर्तक घटना थी जिसने समूचे भारतवर्ष में जनमानस को झकझोर कर रख दिया था। एक युवा वीरांगना ने एक वहशी दरिन्दे की वासना का भोज बन कुछ वर्ष जीने के स्थान पर इस लोक से कूच करना उचित समझा क्योंकि ऐसी घृणित दासता का जीवन उसे नहीं चाहिए था।
गीता में श्रीकृष्ण ने कहा है कि साधारण मनुष्य सब प्रकार से महान लोगों का ही अनुसरण करते हैं। यदि पद्मिनी ने ख़िलजी की काम दासता स्वीकार कर ली होती तो समूचा भारतवर्ष हतोत्साहित होकर दासता को अभिशप्त हो जाता। पद्मिनी का जौहर, हमारे नवें गुरु श्री गुरु तेग़ बहादुर जी महाराज के बलिदान के समकक्ष महत्व वाली घटना है। गुरु तेग़ बहादुर जी महाराज के बलिदान के फलस्वरूप ही उत्तर भारत में हिन्दू धर्म बच पाया था।
उस सती स्त्री के महान बलिदान को यदि मुम्बई का एक भांड अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतन्त्रता के नाम पर व्यभिचार में परिवर्तित करना चाहता है तथा हम उसके साक्षी रह कर ऐसा होने देते हैं तो हमारी दासता भी घटित हो गई है। जो समाज अपनी स्त्रियों के शील की रक्षा नहीं कर सकता उसे मिट ही जाना चाहिए। मनुष्य रूप में कीट भृंग का सा जीवन जीने का प्रयोजन क्या हो सकता है?
सदियों पहले माता द्रौपदी का चीरहरण इस समाज ने किया था, जिसके फलस्वरूप महाभारत के भयानक युद्ध में मानवता विलुप्त हो जाती यदि योगेश्वर श्रीकृष्ण परीक्षित को जीवनदान नहीं देते। माता पद्मिनी के इस चीरहरण का परिणाम भी महाविनाश ही होगा। अंतर यह है कि इस बार कोई श्रीकृष्ण मानवता को बचाने के लिए उपलब्ध नहीं हैं। |
Future Vets of America
Lesson 7 of 10
Objective: SWBAT list instructions for a shared writing project on a How-To topic.
After a 5-day gradual release series of lessons that helped students immerse themselves in informational paragraph writing, my students had a solid foundation from which to build on their skills related to informational paragraph writing.
However, the prospect of teaching shared research and writing projects, which was to be today's focus, frankly scared me. I had never attempted something like this before beginning to implement CCSS, and I thought that it was really stretching first graders capabilities.
I decided that a first step was to train my students to have conversations where they were really listening to each other, and not just taking turns saying different things (Speaking and Listening 1). We have practiced bits and pieces of conversation and I am now focusing on what we call the 4Ls; based on AVID. They are: Look at the speaker; lean forward; lower your voices; and listen attentively. Soon I will be spending a few minutes each day having "model" conversations, and later I will start them on oral presentations with a question and answer components. Teaching them to have truly collaborative conversations will be a long term process, but when I taught this lesson I felt confident that they could talk about the assigned topic and about the books I would give them.
Most of my students have pets, and we had read several stories about pets. Our anthology had a story about taking care of pets, and reading it together provided the perfect launching platform to write a list of things to do to take care of pets.
I divided the class in heterogeneous groups of three and gave each group some books on pets and taking care of them (I emptied the corresponding section in the school library). I told them to glance through them and agree on a pet they wanted to focus on.
As I circulated, I helped them reach a compromise when they could not agree on a pet. Once they had chosen a pet, I guided them towards brainstorming on what they would need to take care of it. I also modeled looking for information on the book. We had previously worked on obtaining information from captions and diagrams, which helped with the books that were too long and difficult.
Once they had the opportunity to explore the books I had given them, I told them it was time to make a poster explaining how to take care of the pet they had selected. They were very excited when I gave them large unlined chart paper and markers. Sometimes a little change (in this case not writing on paper with pencil and crayons) can make an activity special, motivate them, and lead to superior results.
I stopped the activity when I noticed some of the kids were disengaging from the group and some were starting unrelated conversations. There is no formula for knowing when to stop such an activity. I find that it helps if I have a flexible timeframe. Then I can stop before it stops being effective, and I can continue a bit if stopping would frustrate most of them.
I was very happy with the results, and the quality of writing exceeded my expectations. They all wanted to write, and each group was monitoring for writing conventions. They clearly wanted to create something they could be proud of. You can see some samples in the resource section. |
Even Before the 'Iron Age', Ancient Cultures Crafted Iron Weapons and Tools
And they did so not using Iron from Earth, but Iron from outer space. The earliest such evidence dates back to around 5,000 B.C.
We have studied ancient civilizations and cultures for centuries.
The more we learn the more we find out how uninformed we were when it comes down to ancient civilizations and their achievements.
Recent research has shown that long before the start of the Iron Age, mankind already learned to develop intricate tools and weapons made of iron.
But this iron had no ordinary origin; experts say it came from outer space.
Earth has a lot of iron.
In fact, iron is the metal out of which most of the Earth's core is made of.
It also happens to be the fourth most abundant element in the crust.
But using Iron for our own advantages and necessities has not been an easy task.
Iron is packed in ore, and in order to use it, you need to smelt it and produce the metal.
Iron before the Iron Age
The duration of the Iron Age varies depending on the region under consideration. It is defined by archaeological convention, and the mere presence of some cast or wrought iron is not sufficient to represent an Iron Age culture; rather, the "Iron Age" begins locally when the production of iron or steel has been brought to the point where iron tools and weapons superior to their bronze equivalents become widespread.
Looking at history, we find ample evidence of iron before the iron age. In the archaeological record, we see iron appearing in the early Bronze Age.
Evidence of that can be found in the tomb of ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun who died in 132f BC, and who was buried not only with a headrest of iron, but a bracelet and dagger made of the metal as well.
So how did the ancient Egyptians obtain the iron? And were they the first?
The answer is that iron from Earth isn't the only source of… iron. You can obtain iron by other means as well; enter meteorites.
It has long been debated whether or not people from the Early Bronze Age knew about meteorites and how to make use of them.
One expert, Albert Jambon, from the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in France, revealed in a 2017 study that Europeans only began understanding meteorites sometime during the beginning of the 19th century. Before that period, meteorites were considered tales of witchcraft.
But long before the 19th century, and tales of witchcraft and whatnot, there was evidence of iron use, and it happened to be well-documented.
For example, there are ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs that have been found that mention iron as coming from the sky. Furthermore, scholars believe that Confucius, a Chinese philosopher, and politician of the Spring and Autumn period, made the very first description of a meteorite falling to Earth.
In the west, for example, people didn't really begin understanding or even taking into consideration meteors until around the 16th century.
Nonetheless, ancient cultures such as the Egyptians, and people spread across Anatolia understood it more than 3,500 years ago, with evidence of the earliest use of meteorite iron going back to around 5,000 BC.
In fact, evidence of the oldest records of meteors can be found in ancient texts recorded by the Hittite.
However, these texts were actually copied from much older records.
So far, there has been evidence of ancient cultures using meteorite iron from various historical periods.
Experts have identified that a dagger excavated from Alaca Höyük, Turkey dates back to around 2,500 B.C. and was crafted using meteorite iron.
Archeologists also recovered an ax and a pendant from modern-day Syria dating back to 1,400 BC and 2,300 BC.
The above picture axes originate from China's Shang Dynasty and date back to around 1,400 B.C.
Furthermore, 5,000-year-old beads were discovered in Egypt. They are considered the earliest known iron artifacts are nine small beads securely dated to circa 3200 BC, from two burials in Gerzeh, northern Egypt.
Scientists have demonstrated that these beads were actually made in ancient times from meteoric iron.
They were shaped more than 5,000 years ago by carefully hammering the metal into thin sheets, which were later rolled into tubes.
-- Sent from my Linux system. |
Shortly after noon on an unseasonably mild Thursday in late February 1842, a hush fell over the House as the venerable John Quincy Adams creakily arose from his chair. Just weeks earlier, the House had considered censuring the gray-haired Massachusetts Congressman whom many knew as Old Man Eloquent to punish him for manufacturing a crippling debate about the evils of slavery.
But on this day Adams eulogized North Carolina’s Lewis Williams, whom colleagues revered as the “Father of the House”—the Member with the longest continuous service. The prior afternoon Williams had succumbed to pneumonia. His abrupt passing shocked colleagues and ended an unbroken run of House service reaching back to 1815—far longer than any of his peers in that 27th Congress, Adams included.
“Though my junior by nearly twenty years,” Adams said, “I have looked up to him in this House, with the reverence of filial affection, as if he was the father of us all.” That remark carried special weight given the breadth of Adams’ public service as President, Secretary of State, Minister to both Russia and England, Senator, and as a House Member for more than a decade. The aged statesman confided in his diary the deep sorrow he “felt at this sudden and melancholy bereavement,” noting, “Lewis Williams was one of the best men in the house or in the world.” The editors of the Daily National Intelligencer agreed, writing that they’d never known a Member’s passing “to produce a deeper sensation or more general gloom.”
The Whig congressman who commanded such respect hailed from a western North Carolina district where the Piedmont undulated toward the low-slung Appalachians. Williams became Father of the House in 1831, but by then he already had amassed a wealth of experience. Having first won election a year after the British burned the Capitol in August 1814, he took the oath of office when the House convened for the opening of the 14th Congress in December 1815 at its temporary quarters at Blodgett’s Hotel about a mile west down Pennsylvania Ave. During his early career Kentucky’s Henry Clay served as Speaker. In February 1825, Williams participated in the historic House election of a President—JQA himself—when Speaker Clay and others threw their support behind the New Englander to defeat Andrew Jackson. As a formal standing committee system solidified by the 1820s, Williams chaired two panels in his long tenure, the Claims and the Territories committees.
Most importantly, in an era when sectional politics—frenzied by the westward extension of slavery—divided the House, Williams’ moderation, tolerance, and instinct for compromise appealed to even his most partisan colleagues.
Like so many American legislative traditions, the idea of a “Father of the House” derived from the British House of Commons, where the honorific title seems to have been applied as early as the mid-eighteenth century. The first-known usage in the U.S. House occurred in 1816, when Virginia’s John Randolph referred to Richard Stanford of North Carolina as the “father of the House, as being the oldest member.”
The Father’s role swearing-in the Speaker to open a new Congress—a tradition the modern “Dean of the House” carries out—evolved between 1815 and 1825. At first, the eldest Member or the Member with earliest (but not consecutive) service performed that duty. By the 1810s, William Findley of Pennsylvania fit both criteria—then entering his eighth decade of life and having served non-consecutive terms dating to the 2nd Congress in 1791. In 1811 and 1813, Findley administered the oath to Speaker Clay to open the 12th and 13th Congresses.
But when the House reoccupied its renovated Capitol chamber at the opening of the 16th Congress in 1819, Thomas Newton, Jr., of Virginia swore in Speaker Clay—marking the first time that the individual with the longest continual service had ever done so. At the opening of the 19th Congress in 1825, when Newton swore-in Speaker John Taylor of New York, the Register of Debates—the official record of its day—for the first time referred to the Virginian as the “Father of the House.”
Having represented a Norfolk -centered district since 1801, Newton possessed unrivaled institutional memory, an understated style, and influence as chairman of the Committee on Commerce. Late in his career, Niles’ Weekly Register remarked that the Tidewater Virginian, who served as Father for more than a dozen years, was “as well acquainted with [the House’s] business as any other member—not much of a talker, but a zealous and honest doer,—knowing more of the public concerns than united hundreds of the babblers who have made their entrances and exits, and are forgotten as though they never had been, since he took his seat in that body.”
Since Newton, with few exceptions, length of continuous service has been the yardstick used to determine the Father of the House. In the 1920s, an unassuming linguistic change replaced “Father” with the more gender-neutral term “Dean of the House.” That innovation may well have been a subtle nod to the obsolescence of the term “Father” after the first women were elected to Congress.
While the rituals of the role developed over the years, Newton’s and Williams’ back-to-back tenures as Fathers of the House suggest that contemporaries valued them for reasons other than their long political resumes. Colleagues admired them as institutionalists who kept above the fray, fixed their eyes on a horizon beyond fleeting political passions, and offered example and inspiration.
JQA remembered Lewis Williams as such a leader. “His wisdom, his experience, his unsullied integrity, his ardent patriotism, his cool and deliberate judgment, his conciliatory temper, his firm adherence to principle—where shall we find a substitute for them?” Adams asked. “In the distracted state of our public counsels, with the wormwood and the gall of personal animosities adding tenfold bitterness to the conflict of rival interests and discordant opinions, how shall we have to deplore the bereavement of his presence, the very light of whose countenance, the very sound of whose voice, could recall us, like a talisman, from the tempest of hostile passions to the calm composure of harmony and peace.”
After having himself been at the center of the tempest only weeks earlier, JQA’s carefully chosen words sounded fittingly like those of the man who, in the next Congress, assumed the mantle of Father of the House.
Sources: Annals of Congress, 14th Cong., 1st sess. (1816); Register of Debates, 19th Cong., 1st sess. (1825); Congressional Globe, 27th Cong., 2nd sess. (1842); Daily Intelligencer (Washington, D.C.), 12 February 1816; Niles’ Weekly Register, 20 March 1830; Daily National Intelligencer, 24 February 1842; Diary of John Quincy Adams, entry of February 24, 1842, Massachusetts Historical Society; Mark Sandford, “Father of the House,” 14 May 2015, House of Commons Library; Hind’s Precedents, Volume 2, section 1140.Follow @USHouseHistory |
This is a Verb and INTERROGATIVE quiz. There are 3 sections, one for straight regular verb conjugation (includes AR, ER,and IR endings as I teach them all at the same time), on for inserting the correct interrogative into the question, and the last is a fill in the blank conversation. Students must write in the correct word or interrogative based on the context of the conversation.
This is a GREAT assessment to see how students are actually understanding the language by their ability to correctly elicit a response for a blank without multiple choice options.
It can also be broken down into separate assessments if you would like, and it would potentially give you 3 Full Mini-Quizzes |
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 percent of American children may have a mental disorder, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, and autism. Such a report would have some believing that rates of mental disease have increased. However, much of the increase in rates can be attributed to a number of other items, including the wildly expanded definition of these conditions, the increasingly powerful pharmaceutical industry, and a general lack of understanding in the medical community of the effects of improper nutrition.
CBS News reports, “The CDC data was collected between 1994 and 2011, and it shows that the number of children being diagnosed with mental disorders has been steadily growing. The study did not conclude exactly why the numbers are increasing.”
Dr. Ruth Perou, the lead author of this the CDC's first study of children aged three to 17, stated,
This is a deliberate effort by CDC to show mental health is a health issue. As with any health concern, the more attention we give to it, the better. It’s parents becoming aware of the facts and talking to a health-care provider about how their child is learning, behaving and playing with other kids,” said Dr. Ruth Perou, the study’s lead author.
But what some are calling a growth in the rate of mental health issues may in fact be nothing more than a misdiagnosis of health disorders as a result of expanded medical terms and definitions.
Slate.com reported in April:
Beware the DSM-5, the soon-to-be-released fifth edition of the “psychiatric bible,” the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. The odds will probably be greater than 50 percent, according to the new manual, that you’ll have a mental disorder in your lifetime.
Although fewer than 6 percent of American adults will have a severe mental illness in a given year, according to a 2005 study, many more—more than a quarter each year—will have some diagnosable mental disorder. That’s a lot of people. Almost 50 percent of Americans (46.4 percent to be exact) will have a diagnosable mental illness in their lifetimes, based on the previous edition, the DSM-IV. And the new manual will likely make it even "easier" to get a diagnosis.
Click here to read the entire article. |
Rio 2016 Olympics has created some noise around gender discrimination, with such successful athletes like Laura Trott, Kelly Holmes and Rebecca Adlington, you would think that this gender divide would be lost in our modern day. Taking gender discrimination into the workplace, there has been a real focus on ‘the gender pay gap’, with the definitive issue being that men are getting paid more than women.
The gender pay gap has developed for many reasons; women are concentrated in low paid jobs and unpaid work – particularly when women have more responsibilities to care for children, sick people or older people. Or is it because of pay discrimination? Statistics have found: “there is a 14.8% gap between men and women’s combined hourly rates, and a shocking 33.5% gap when you compare women’s part time hourly rate to men’s full-time hourly rate” http://ow.ly/ceX3303h5jH. Is this the main reason why women are staying at home to care for children, because they cannot afford to go back to work and pay for child care.
Interestingly, research has been found that in comparison with the rest of the world ‘United Kingdom is among the most gender equal in the world. It ranks 18/145’ http://ow.ly/rz0y303hcTh. This may be due to the fact that more women in the UK are working in positions of power in FTSE 100 companies. The stereotype of the stay at home mum is being lost more and more, as women fight for their career and childcare is more readily available.
As we move into a more modern era, the UK has already stamped down on gender discrimination by implementing the Equality Act 2010. This requires employers to publish information relating to the pay of their employees, and to identify any differences between genders. Currently this Gender Pay Gap legislation does not apply to organisations with less than 250 employees, which means smaller companies could be slipping under the radar.
However, in recent publications it seems we are going to see changes to the Equality Act 2010. Organisations with less than 250 employees will have to publish their employees gender and salaries along with their job title. By closing the pay gap this will open the talent pipeline, increase management quality and boost productivity. As the legislation changes over the next few months, it will be interesting to see if there are any changes and whether businesses will become more equal places to work.
Visit www.hrheads.co.uk for more HR Blogs! |
अतः एना को टेम्पलेट (टेम्प्लेट) के रूप में उपयोग करके आरएनए का निर्माण किया जाता है, इस प्रक्रिया को अनुलेखन (ट्रांसकृप्शन) कहते हैं।
एना से आनुवंशिक सुचनाओ का रना में स्थानान्तरण अनुलेखन (ट्रांसकृप्शन) कहलाता है।
नुलेखन (ट्रांसकृप्शन) की प्रक्रिया कोशिका के केंद्रक में होती है। यह प्रक्रिया कोशिका चक्र के ग१ तथा ग२ अवस्था में होती हैं।
प्रोटीन के निर्माण के लिए डीएनए पर विशिष्ट अनुक्रम (स्पेसिफिक सेक्वेंस) पाए जाते हैं। प्रोटीन के निर्माण के लिए आरएनए की आवश्यकता होती है।
एना का वह क्षेत्र जहां से अनुलेखन (ट्रांसकृप्शन) की प्रक्रिया प्रारंभ होती है उसे प्रारंभन स्थल कहते हैं।
प्रारंभन स्थल के पहले प्रमोटर स्थल (प्रोमोटर) होता है। प्रमोटर स्थल को उन्नायक भी कहा जाता है। इस स्थल में २० से २०0 न्यूक्लियोटाइड पाए जाते हैं।
प्रथम ट्गका स्थल होता है। इस स्थल से आरएनए पोलीमरेज़ एंजाइम का सिग्मा कारक ( फक्टर) जुड़ता है। इसमें ३५ न्यूक्लियोटाइड पाए जाते हैं। इसको पहचान स्थल (रिकॉग्नीशन सेक्वेंस) भी कह सकते है।
दूसरा प्रीबन बॉक्स होता है। जिसमें तटात अनुक्रम होते हैं। इसी स्थान से आरएनए पोलीमरेज़ एंजाइम जुड़ता है। इसमें १० न्यूक्लियोटाइड पाए जाते हैं। इसे टाटा बॉक्स तथा होग्नेस बॉक्स भी कहते है।
समापक वह स्थल होता है, जहां अनुलेखन (ट्रांसकृप्शन) की प्रक्रिया समाप्त हो जाती है। यह टेम्पलेट रज्जुक के ३ सिरे की ओर होता है।
प्रारंभिक स्थल तथा समापक स्थल के बीच संरचनात्मक जीन होती है। इसमें रना कोडिंग सेक्वेंस होते है। इस संरचनात्मक जीन के ५- ३ रज्जुक को नॉन-टेम्पलेट (टेम्प्लेट) रज्जुक रज्जुक तथा ३- ५ रज्जुक को टेम्पलेट (टेम्प्लेट) रज्जुक कहते हैं।
टेम्पलेट (टेम्प्लेट) रज्जुक के अनुक्रम का उपयोग करके उसके पूरक अनुक्रम (कॉम्पलमेंटरी सेक्वेंस) वाला आरएनए बनता है। टेम्पलेट (टेम्प्लेट) रज्जूक को नॉन कोडिंग रज्जुक भी कहते हैं, तथा नॉन-टेम्पलेट (टेम्प्लेट) रज्जुक को कोडिंग रज्जुक भी कहते है।
जीन में प्रमोटर स्थल (प्रोमोटर) ( अनुलेखन के लिए शुरुआती बिंदु) टेम्पलेट रज्जुक के ५ सिरे की ओर पाया जाता है।
एना के प्रमोटर स्थल की पहचान करके सिग्मा कारक ( फक्टर) उस से जुड़ जाता है और आरएनए पोलीमरेज़ एंजाइम एना से जुड़कर उसकी कुंडलियों के नाइट्रोजन क्षार के मध्य पाए जाने वाले हाइड्रोजन बंध को तोड़ने का कार्य करता है।
एना का ३-५ रज्जुक (स्ट्रेन) टेम्प्लेट कि तरह काम करता है एवं ५-३ दिशा में रना का सश्लेषण होता हैं।
जब दोनों रज्जुक (स्ट्रेन) अलग हो जाते हैं। तो आरएनए पोलीमरेज़ एना के प्रतिअर्थ रज्जुक(नॉन कोडिंग/ टेम्प्लेट रज्जुक) का उपयोग करके न्ट्प (नूक्लियोसाइड त्रीफॉस्फेट) ( इनको राइबोन्यूक्लियोटाइड ट्राई फास्फेट भी कहते है) जोडकर एक पूरक आरएनए रज्जुक (स्ट्रेन) का संश्लेषण करता है।
आरएनए पोलीमरेज़ राइबोन्यूक्लियोटाइड ट्राई फॉस्फेट का उपयोग करके उनको मोनो फॉस्फेट के रूप में जोड़ता है।
आरएनए पोलीमरेज़ एना पोलीमरेज़ की तरह भी केवल ५-३ दिशा में कार्य करता है अतः यह ५-३ दिशा में ही रना का संश्लेषण कर सकता है।
केवल टेम्पलेट (टेम्प्लेट) रज्जुक जो कि ३-५ दिशा में होता है पर ही नए आरएनए का संश्लेषण होता है।
आरएनए पोलीमरेज़ जब जीन के समापन क्षेत्र (टर्मिनेटर)तक पहुंचता है। तो समापन कारक रो फक्टर एना के रज्जुक से जुडता है तथा एना, रना व रना पोलमेरसे को पृथक कर देता है। इस प्रकार एक नए आरएनए का निर्माण होता है।
रना पोलीमरेज़ में कुल ५ पॉलीपेप्टाइड इकाइयां होती है। जिनमें दो , एक , एक तथा एक सिग्मा कारक ( फक्टर) होता है।
रनापोलीमरेज़ की चार पॉलीपेप्टाइड इकाइयां से मिलकर मिलकर कोड एंजाइम (कोर एन्जाइम) का निर्माण करती है।
इसको आप र्म्त से याद कर सकते हो जहां यानी र- रना, म-म्रना, त-ट्रना जो एक क्रम में है। |
When my kids went to school, in all honesty, homework time in the evenings was pretty brutal. I had one child in particular who was struggling in school and she would come home with hours of homework every evening. It took us an average of 3 hours every night to get through her homework! Hopefully this is not the case in your situation.
After that year we went back to homeschooling, but even when homeschooling, these tips can help your child focus and remember more. Most kids hate to study, but homework and test preparation are a required part of their education. By helping them develop better study habits, you will help them be more successful in school.
5 Tips to Help Your Kids Study Better
Here are a few tips to help your child develop better study habits.
1. Designate an area for homework. Whether it’s the kitchen table or their room, designate a specific area for doing homework. Kids work well with structure. If they know there is a set time and place they have to study each day; they’ll be more focused and productive during that time.
Large tables are great for allowing them plenty of space to spread out with all their supplies. We tend to sprawl out on the living room floor in our house!
Tip: Hang a calendar in your child’s room or let them use a planner. They can write down when their assignments are due so there is no confusion about when they need to turn in their work. Make it your child’s responsibility to know what supplies they need in advance so they don’t wait until the last minute to tell you they need something. Make a list of school supplies they need on a regular basis and have them do an inventory check weekly.
2. When determining how much time they have to spend on homework, consider your child’s attention span. Older kids are able to focus for longer periods of time, while younger kids can usually only focus for about 15-20 minutes on a specific task. Allow your child to take study breaks. Set a timer so they know how long they have until break time. This will help them stay focused during study time.
My daughter struggled with homework and 3 hours every evening was too much. If your child is having a hard time completing their schoolwork, I recommend you talk to your child’s teacher and/ or principle.
3. Set rules about using and looking at ipods and phones. This wasn’t a problem for us when my older kids were young, but with my youngest kids, I have to enforce rules about when and how they can use their ipods and laptops in our homschool, too.
Don’t allow your kids to get distracted from their work by spending time texting and being on social media. If they need to use a computer to do research, make a rule that they can only open sites related to their research. If they’re waiting for an important message, take the phone then set a timer for 30 minutes and let them know they can check for messages when the timer goes off.
4. Turn off the TV. If you’re like us, we only watch television together as a family once or twice a week when we’ll watch a Netflix program. However, if your child has a habit of watching television whenever they want to, make it a house rule that when it is study time, the TV is off. Having the TV on is a distraction and will keep your kids from focusing on their homework.
5. Music is okay, though. Studies have shown that music at a low volume can help kids focus and be more productive. Classical music is particularly known to helps with memory retention. Since we homeschool, I like to play classical music during our school hours for the girls to listen to in the background.
So whether you homeschool like us or have to deal with homework in the evenings, all kids have to spend time studying. I hope these tips help you find ways to help your child study better.
How do you help your kids focus and study better? Let me know in the comments below!
Homemaking is so much more than cleaning a house, cooking food, and making sure your family has clothes to wear. Homemaking is about nurturing a spirit of warmth, comfort, and love in your home. |
By Lou Frenzel, Contributing Editor At one time, engineers were told to avoid inductors in their designs because they were too big, heavy, and expensive. Today that’s no longer the case. Yet there’s some evidence that engineers use fewer inductors than other passive components. Inductors seemingly get no respect, perhaps due to a lack of understanding of inductor characteristics and benefits. Does that define your thinking about inductors? If so, you really should take another look at a component that can really improve your design if you know how to use it. In case you forgot, inductors oppose changes in current flow through them. As the current rises or falls, the magnetic field around the inductor induces a voltage back into itself that opposes the changes. An inductor is essentially a coil of wire around a core of air, powdered iron, ferrite, or ceramic. It’s available in an enormous variety of forms. Getting Started: An Introduction to Inductor Specifications There is more to selecting an inductor than the nominal inductance value. To ensure the inductor will perform as needed in a specific application, due consideration must be given to inductance tolerance, current ratings, DCR, maximum operating temperature and efficiency at specific operating conditions.
[Sponsored by Coilcraft]
Whether implemented for bypassing, common-mode chokes, or filters, inductors play important roles in electronics. Maybe it’s time to give them another look.
Take a minute or so and think of some electronic products or circuits that would not exist or be practical if there were no such thing as inductors. Here’s a short list of the key applications:
By Lou Frenzel, Contributing Editor
At one time, engineers were told to avoid inductors in their designs because they were too big, heavy, and expensive. Today that’s no longer the case. Yet there’s some evidence that engineers use fewer inductors than other passive components.
Inductors seemingly get no respect, perhaps due to a lack of understanding of inductor characteristics and benefits. Does that define your thinking about inductors? If so, you really should take another look at a component that can really improve your design if you know how to use it.
In case you forgot, inductors oppose changes in current flow through them. As the current rises or falls, the magnetic field around the inductor induces a voltage back into itself that opposes the changes. An inductor is essentially a coil of wire around a core of air, powdered iron, ferrite, or ceramic. It’s available in an enormous variety of forms.
Getting Started: An Introduction to Inductor Specifications
There is more to selecting an inductor than the nominal inductance value. To ensure the inductor will perform as needed in a specific application, due consideration must be given to inductance tolerance, current ratings, DCR, maximum operating temperature and efficiency at specific operating conditions.
- Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS): SMPS like regulators, dc-dc converters, and inverters are good examples. How would you make a SMPS without an inductor? They have become essential to achieve power savings and efficiency.
- LED lighting: Switch-mode pulse-width modulators (PWMs) use an SMPS driver with multiple inductors to provide the best control of LED lighting.
- EMI filtering: As the world gets more electrical with electronic equipment, noise levels continue to rise. To ensure that wireless equipment can function with minimal interference, some form of electromagnetic interference (EMI) elimination or minimization is required. Multiple organizations have established to set standards that define some minimum EMI for different types. The most effective filters to eliminate noise use inductors.
- Class D amplifiers: These efficient audio power amplifiers use multiple inductors to filter the switched output into a smooth, clean audio signal with minimum distortion. Without inductors, distortion rules.
- RF filters: Filters, especially the low-pass type, are widely used in wireless equipment. How do you make an RF filter without one or more inductors? Simple passive low-pass filters are a top choice for eliminating harmonics, unwanted noise, and jitter.
- Anything using resonant circuits: Series and parallel LC resonant circuits still play a major part in radio equipment.
- And what would you do without inductors in impedance-matching circuits?
- Automotive ignition systems: Inductors in the form of transformers produce the very high voltages needed in internal combustion engine.
Anyway, you get the idea. Nature created the perfect opposite of, or complement to, capacitance: inductance.
Important Inductor Specifications
One should know these critical inductor characteristics:
- Inductors are also called coils or chokes depending on their application.
- The unit of inductance (L) is the henry (H). Most inductors have values in the millihenry (mH), microhenry (µH), or nanohenry (nH) ranges.
- The resistance of the inductor windings at dc and low frequencies, known as dc resistance (DCR).
- The opposition that an inductor offers to an ac signal is called the inductive reactance (XL). It’s a function of the inductance (L) and the frequency of the ac (XL = 2πfL).
- Q is the so-called quality of the inductor that essentially states how much energy it can store versus its losses (Q = XL/R).
- In tuned LC circuits, the Q of an inductor defines its bandwidth, or BW (BW = fr/Q).
- Self-resonant frequency (SRF) is the frequency where the parasitic capacitance resonates with the inductance.
- Maximum current rating.
- Maximum voltage rating.
Designing with Inductors
Here are some of the ways that inductors are used in new designs.
Bypassing or decoupling: Most circuits today use capacitors on their dc power rails. These capacitors help filter out noise and ripple from the power supply and prevent signals from the circuits from being propagated to other circuits using the same dc rail. A particularly effective decoupling arrangement is a combination of both an inductor (L) and a capacitor (C) (Fig. 1).
RF biasing: A common way to apply dc bias to an RF amplifier or other circuit is to use a Bias Tee as shown in Figure 2. The inductor allows the dc to be applied to the circuit of interest while isolating the ac. Broadband chokes are now available, permitting this effective circuit to be used at UHF and microwave high frequencies.
Isolation: Inductors, inherently low-pass filters, are great at isolating RF signals from one another. The inductor allows dc and low-frequency signals to pass while blocking the higher frequencies. The effectiveness of an inductor in this role depends on its self-resonant frequencies. Special coil construction methods provide a way to control the resonant frequencies to ensure a high impedance over a wide range of frequencies. A unique conical wound coil is a good inductor for this application.
Suppression: When you’re trying to eliminate or suppress noise on a wire or component lead, a simple approach is to use a ferrite bead. The bead is a magnetic cylindrical material that surrounds or clips around the wire (Fig. 3). The bead makes the wire into a small inductance. It’s very effective in controlling some kinds of high-frequency noise.
Common-mode choke: If you need to get rid of or greatly attenuate noise on the ac power line or on a differential data cable, a common-mode choke is a great solution. The regulations requiring minimization of electromagnetic interference (EMI) almost always requires a common-mode choke.
This component consists of two windings on a common core. The windings are arranged so that the combined magnetic flux blocks or cancels the noise (Fig. 4). Most ac power supplies are required to have a common-mode choke on the ac input. In addition, common-mode chokes are used on most high-speed serial data interfaces like USB, HDMI, PCIe, LVDS, and others that use a differential connection.
Filters: A passive filter with inductors and capacitors is very effective in controlling the bandwidth of a circuit, eliminating harmonics or unwanted intermodulation distortion and noise. Filter design has always been a complex nuisance, but today with design software and online tools, you can quickly create just the filter you need. The problem is, the computed values of capacitance and inductance are often odd values not available as real components. The capacitors come in more different values and are easily combined to get the desired value.
That hasn’t been so true of inductors. At RF, you can design and make your own inductors, such as air-wound coils. There’s less need to do that today; some inductor manufacturers have extensive product lines of many standard values of inductors, making filter design easier than ever.
Impedance matching: LC circuits are widely used to match impedances in equipment to maximize power transfer. Z-match networks are common in high-frequency circuits. It’s hard to do without inductors and not having access to unusual values that tend to be calculated when designing these circuits. The popular L-network of Figure 5 or some variation thereof is widely used to make RL match Rg.
Unintended inductance: Like stray capacitance, stray or unintended inductance is often a problem in some circuits. Wires are inductors; capacitor and transistor leads are small inductors. In many if not most cases, this small inductance can be ignored. But at high frequencies, even a small inductance can produce unwanted effects. You shorten wires or the copper on a PCB.
Other sources of inductance don’t come from an inductor component as such. It comes in the form of a relay or solenoid coil or a motor winding. This inherent inductance is unwanted and can cause damage to other components. Most relays, solenoids, and motors are driven by a transistor. When the transistor turns off, the voltage applied to a coil is disconnected, the magnetic field in the coil collapses rapidly, and that induces a large short duration spike in voltage that can damage the transistor. Remember:
V = −L(di/dt)
A suppression or flyback diode across a coil like that shown in Figure 6 fixes the problem.
Power dissipation in inductors: Because inductors use wire or other conductors to provide the winding, they will also dissipate power. The main concern then is the dc resistance of the inductor. The lower the DCR, the less power and heat produced. At higher levels of power dissipation, heat raises the effective series resistance (ESR) that’s made up of the DCR plus ac losses such as skin effect, which increases with operating frequency. This causes the Q to decrease. Be sure to include the ESR in your power calculations when designing with high-frequency chokes.
Designing Your Own Inductor
Inductor design is an EE specialty within a specialty. Some engineers may be able to design their own coils when they’re simple, but it’s a waste of time in most cases. There are just too many forms, magnetic core types, and winding configurations to know it all. It’s best to work with a well-known inductor manufacturer with a comprehensive product line to identify the inductor you need. |
केंद्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड (क्बसे) की १०वीं और १२वीं की परीक्षा को लेकर छात्रों के मन में कई सवाल होते हैं। आज इस रिपोर्ट में हम ऐसे कई सवालों के जवाब देंगे तो छात्रों के लिए जरूरी हैं।
नई दिल्ली: केंद्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा बोर्ड (क्बसे) १०वीं और १२वीं परीक्षा: इम्प्रूवमेंट और कम्पार्टमेंट में क्या अंतर हैं? क्बसे कब १०वीं और १२वीं का परिणाम घोषित करेगा? क्या छात्र प्रैक्टिकल परीक्षा मे दोबारा बैठ सकते हैं? इन सभी सवालों के जवाब आज हम आपको इस रिपोर्ट में देंगे। तो चलिए एक-एक करके इन सवालों के जवाब देते हैं।
कब आएगा रिजल्ट?
क्बसे बोर्ड परीक्षा के परिणाम पिछले साल की तुलना में इस बार जल्दी घोषित होने की उम्मीद हैं। क्बसे बोर्ड द्वारा फरवरी में कहा गया था कि इस साल परीक्षा का परिणाम आम तौर पर जारी होने वाली तारीखों से एक-दो हफ्ते पहले घोषित कर दिया जाएगा। हालांकि, परीक्षा परिणाम जारी करने की कौई आधिकारिक तारीख जारी नहीं की गई हैं। खबरों के मुताबिक परीक्षा का परिणाम मई के दूसरे हफ्ते तक जारी किया जा सकता है। बता दें कि पिछले कुछ सालों तक १२वीं की परीक्षा का परिणाम मई के तीसरे या चौथे हफ्ते तक आता रहा है।
कम्पार्टमेंट की परीक्षा में उपस्थित होने के लिए छात्रों को तीन मौके मिलेंगे। क्बसे बोर्ड के अनुसार छात्र इस साल जुलाई/अगस्त में आयोजित होने वाली कम्पार्टमेंट की परीक्षा में उपस्थित हो सकते हैं या फिर अगले साल मार्च/अप्रैल में कम्पार्टमेंट की परीक्षा में दूसरा मौका पा सकते हैं। इसके अलावा तीसरे और अंतिम मौके के तौर पर अगले साल जुलाई/अगस्त में आयोजित होने वाली कम्पार्टमेंट की परीक्षा मे उपस्थित हो सकते हैं।
जो छात्र कम्पार्टमेंट परीक्षा मे एक या सभी अवसरों पर उपस्थित नहीं होता या फेल होता हैं तो उसे और मौके नहीं दिए जाएंगे। ऐसी स्थिति में छात्र को अगले साल सभी विषयों की परीक्षाओं के लिए दोबारा उपस्थित होना होगा।
क्या दोबारा दे सकते प्रैक्टिकल एग्जाम?
जो छात्र प्रैक्टिकल की परीक्षा में फेल हो जाते हैं। उन्हे अगले साल फिर से आवेदन कर सिर्फ थ्योरी की परीक्षा देनी पड़ती हैं। ऐसे में उनके पिछले साल के प्रैक्टिकल के मार्क्स परीक्षा मे जोड़े जाते हैं। क्बसे के अनुसार जो छात्र प्रक्टिकल और थ्योरी दोनों में फेल हो जाते हैं उन्हें प्रैक्टिकल और थ्योरी दोनों की परीक्षा देनी पड़ती है।
इम्प्रूवमेंट और कम्पार्टमेंट में क्या फर्क है?
कम्पार्टमेंट की परीक्षा उन छात्रों के लिए है जो परीक्षा में फेल हो जाते हैं और इम्प्रूवमेंट की परीक्षा उनके लिए हैं जो अपने मार्क्स से संतुष्ट नहीं हैं। वह छात्र इम्प्रूवमेंट के जरिए दोबारा एग्जाम देकर अच्छा मार्क्स हासिल कर सकते हैं। इसके लिए छात्र एक साल में एक बार ही एक या एक से ज्यादा विषयों में आवेदन कर सकते हैं। |
Also found in: Wikipedia.
a state (1921–26) that was created in Morocco during the anti-imperialist struggle of the Rif tribes of Morocco for national liberation, which took place after Russia’s Great October Socialist Revolution.
The republic was a military and political association of tribes living in the Rif Mountains of northern Morocco. The supreme legislative and executive powers were exercised by the National Assembly, which was headed by the president, or emir, Abd al-Karim. The republic had a five-member government. The local administrative unit was a tribe headed by a kaid and a community council, or jamaah. The kaids were subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Council for Tribal Affairs.
The revenue from special taxes, for example a poll tax and a tax on personal income, was used for the needs of the army. For a long time the Rif Republic successfully fought off Spanish and French troops, defeating them repeatedly. The republic fell on May 27, 1926, under the united onslaught of the Spanish and French armies.
REFERENCESFrunze, M. V. “Evropeiskie tsivilizatory i Marokko.” Izbr. proizv., vol. 2, Moscow, 1957.
Lutskaia, N. S. Respublika Rif. Moscow, 1959. (Bibliography.)
Semard, P. Voina v Marokko. London, 1925. (Translated from French.)
Muhammed al-Alami. Zaim al-Rif Muhammad Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi (The Leader of Rif Mohammed Abd al-Karim …). Casablanca, 1968.
Gabrielli, L. Abd el-Krim et les événements du Rif (1924–26). Casablanca .
N. S. LUTSKAIA |
नई दिल्ली। कांग्रेस के पूर्व अध्यक्ष राहुल गांधी ने लद्दाख में गतिरोध को लेकर सवाल किया कि क्या चीन ने भारतीय जमीन पर कब्जा किया है ? उन्होंने पूर्व प्रधानमंत्री एवं अपने पिता राजीव गांधी द्वारा लद्दाख के पैंगोंग त्सो झील की ली गई एक तस्वीर ट्विटर पर साझा करते हुए यह भी कहा कि चीनी आक्रमण के खिलाफ हम एकजुट खड़े हैं। कांग्रेस नेता ने सवाल किया कि क्या भारतीय जमीन पर चीन ने कब्जा किया है? गलवान घाटी में चीन और भारत के सैनिकों के बीच पिछले दिनों हुई हिंसक झड़प के बाद से गांधी और कांग्रेस पार्टी सरकार से लगातार यह सवाल कर रही है कि चीन ने कितने क्षेत्र पर कब्जा किया है? पार्टी झड़प से पहले से भी यह सवाल पूछती रही है।
प्रेवियस प्रेवियस पोस्ट: होम क्वारंटाइन कर रहे मरीजों को पल्स ऑक्सीमीटर देगी दिल्ली सरकार ! |
प्रौद्योगिकी हर दिन विशाल कदम उठाती है लेकिन एक ही समय में हमें अधिक से अधिक नशे की लत के अधीन कर देती है, बस स्मार्टफोन के बारे में सोचें, एक वस्तु अब अविभाज्य है और जो अक्सर हमारे दिनों के साथ होती है, जागने से लेकर जब हम सोने जाते हैं, तो यह इतना है कि इसके बगल में रखा गया है। यह चार्ज करते हुए भी हमारे लिए। मोबाइल टेलीफोनी के विभिन्न ओईएम ने भी इस पर ध्यान दिया है, ताकि उनके सॉफ्टवेयर में शामिल करने के तरीके जो एक बार सक्रिय हो, इस फ़ंक्शन के लिए निर्धारित समय के लिए स्मार्टफोन के उपयोग को रोक दें।
सबसे प्रसिद्ध में हम वनप्लस ज़ेन मोड पाते हैं, लेकिन अन्य स्मार्टफोन निर्माताओं ने भी ओप्पो के रूप में और श्याओमी के रूप में उदाहरण का पालन किया है कि कम से कम चीनी रोम एमआईयूआई ११ ने तथाकथित एकाग्रता मोड में डाला है। जिन लोगों को यह नहीं पता है, उनके लिए यह मोड आपको एक निश्चित स्थिति पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने की अनुमति देता है, हमारे स्मार्टफोन को विचलित होने से रोकता है, सभी सूचनाओं को अक्षम करने और कॉल का उपयोग न करने पर टर्मिनल का उपयोग लगभग पूरी तरह से रोक देता है।
हालाँकि, यह एकाग्रता मोड को बाधित करने के लिए संभव नहीं होगा, इसलिए इसे सक्रिय करने से पहले, सुनिश्चित करें कि आप वास्तव में अपने स्मार्टफोन की लत से खुद को शुद्ध करना चाहते हैं। किसी भी स्थिति में, जैसा कि ऊपर उल्लेख किया गया है, यह फ़ंक्शन मिउई ११ पर आधारित चीनी रोम के लिए विशिष्ट है, लेकिन आज से एक छोटे एस्केमोटग के साथ यह हमारे लिए पश्चिमी उपयोगकर्ताओं के लिए भी उपयोग करना संभव होगा, इसलिए मिउई ११ ग्लोबल से लैस है। हमें जो करना है वह बस गूगल प्ले स्टोर पर उपलब्ध एक पूरी तरह से मुफ्त और सुरक्षित ऐप इंस्टॉल करना है।
स्कैरिकरे गतिविधि लॉन्चर हमारे स्मार्टफोन पर।
एप्लिकेशन इंस्टॉल हो जाने के बाद, उसे खोलें और आइटम के शीर्ष भाग में स्थित खोज बार में खोलें उसगेस्टट्समैनेक्टिविटी।
एक बार जब आप प्रक्रिया की पहचान कर लेते हैं, तो उस पर क्लिक करें।
एक नई स्क्रीन सक्रिय स्क्रीन कहलाएगी, जहां आपको आवश्यक अनुमतियों को स्वीकार करना होगा।
अब आप देखेंगे कि एकाग्रता मोड पहले से ही उपलब्ध है।
हर बार इस प्रक्रिया से गुजरने से बचने के लिए, आप स्मार्टफोन होम पर एक शॉर्टकट बना सकते हैं। ऐसा करने के लिए, सक्रिय स्क्रीन में गियर आइकन पर क्लिक करें और फिर मेनू पर क्लिक करें जो क्रिएट पर क्लिक करता है। अब आपको बस आराम करना है, लेकिन याद रखें कि एक बार फिर से आप हमारे सभी सामाजिक चैनलों और ब्लॉगों पर जाने के लिए सक्रिय हैं। |
Outline and assess sociological explanations of why some groups are more likely to be victims than others
Many sociologists argue that crime is not randomly patterned; some groups within society are much more likely to be victims of crime than others. Gender, ethnicity and social class are three key characteristics that may influence the likelihood of victimisation. However, it is very difficult to measure rates of victimisation because relatively little crime is reported to the police. This means that a huge proportion of crime is “hidden” (referred to as the ‘dark figure of crime’) and for every hidden crime, there is a potential hidden victim.
Feminists such as Walby, Walklate and Allen believe that female victims are ignored and/or hidden. They link this to the patriarchal nature of society, meaning that it is in the interests of men to cover their crimes by discouraging women from reporting crimes they have been a victim of. For example, Hall argued that only about 8% of rape is reported. This may be due to low prosecution rates, fear of not being believed, having to relive the trauma by giving testimony and through fear of being blamed. There are high-profile accounts of rape victims being ‘blamed’ for their victimisation. For example, in the 1980s, a High Court Judge claimed that “women who say no don’t always mean no”. The New Right perspective in particular has been criticised for putting the emphasis on the responsibility of victims for their own victimisation.
However, in contrast to feminist views, statistically males are significantly more likely than females to be victims of crime. It could also be argued that male rape victims are even more likely to be ‘hidden’ than female victims, due to the perceived added social taboo of being a male rape victim. The Crime Survey for England & Wales (a national victimisation survey) today also estimates the rate of reported rapes at significantly higher than Hall’s 8%.
Statistics have also shown that ethnic minorities are more likely to be victims of crime within the UK. Left Realists Lea & Young argued that young black males are the most likely to be victims of crime in Britain, often through the actions of other young black males, but also through racist practices by the police. This is supported in part by the Macpherson Inquiry into the racially motivated murder of Stephen Lawrence. Macpherson found evidence of institutional racism within the Metropolitan police force, suggesting that they were taking cases where the victim was black less seriously and pursuing them less rigorously. This may mean ethnic minorities are less likely to report crimes against them to the police. Marxists like Castles & Kosack have argued that capitalism promotes racism to justify poor treatment/pay in work of ethnic minorities and this increases the chances of those ethnic minorities being victims of crime.
Marxists and Left Realists would also argue that working-class people are more likely than wealthier people to be victims of crime. In particular, Marxists would claim that many poor people around the world are victims of corporate crime. Marxists claim that the illegal and immoral practices of corporations around the world are considered normal under capitalism. This means that many victims of corporate crime do not know they are victims, and therefore these crimes go unreported and are hidden. For example, the illegal practices of the banking industry – leading to a global financial crisis – devastated the lives of individuals, groups and whole societies around the world. The capitalist system protects these criminals from prosecution and therefore their victims are not recognised.
The Marxist arguments can be accused of being reductionist; placing the blame solely on capitalism. Left Realists have argued that, although victims of corporate crime should be taken seriously, victims of street crimes and violence are a more immediate concern. Corporate crime arguably impacts middle-class people just as much as the working-classes. Nonetheless, working-class people overall are significantly more likely to be victims of crime. Perhaps contradicting the Marxist view, however, the main offenders are not the bourgeoisie, but are other working-class people.
Overall, there are some convincing sociological explanations for the increased chances of victimisation of certain groups in society. However, the difficulties in measuring victimisation – leading to an unknowable amount of ‘hidden victims’ – makes it impossible to confirm the true rates of victimisation of different groups.
Crime & Deviance
A2 Unit: G673 |
Oklahoma Expands Oil, Gas Drilling Regulations to Prevent Earthquakes
Oklahoma is revising and expanding its oil and gas regulations in response to a sharp rise in earthquakes across the state which has damaged homes and spurred concerns regarding the state’s energy industry.
However, the broadened rules fall short of the more drastic measures that had been expected after last month brought an influx of significant earthquakes.
According to a July 17 Reuters report, Oklahoma is one of several states in the central U.S. to have seen a sharp increase in the number of earthquakes it has seen since 2009. Scientists have attributed the increase to the injection of briny waste water — a byproduct of oil and gas production — into the ground.
Today, Oklahoma sees approximately two earthquakes above magnitude 3.0 per day. Before 2009, there were about two of these earthquakes per year.
Contrary to popular belief, however, the earthquakes are not a result of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” even though about 95% of new wells being drilled are hydraulically fractured. Instead, researchers say they believe the quakes stem from the re-injection of the briny waste-water created during oil and natural gas production.
As part of its new regulations, the Oklahoma Corporation Commission has expanded its “Areas of Interest,” or regions of the state hardest-hit by these earthquakes, and has added a series of restrictions for 211 disposal wells.
Drilling rig operators in the affected areas will now be required to display proof that they aren’t injecting water below the state’s deepest rock formation. Other well operators will be required to inject water at a shallower depth, as well.
With global proved oil reserves growing by approximately 27% over the last 10 years, giving enough supply to meet another 53.3 years of worldwide production, Oklahoma’s revised rules are an important step to making sure the oil and gas industry can thrive without threatening others’ safety.
What are your thoughts on Oklahoma’s new oil and gas regulations for quality control production? Have any other questions for us about production rigs or oil field products? Let us know in the comments. |
We would like to hear from you. Please send us a message by filling out the form below and we will get back to you shortly.
Alternatively, you can contact Robert Turnbull on mobile 07512 600602, Email firstname.lastname@example.org, or write to the Band at
Hade Edge Band
The Band Room |
भोपाल। हायर एजुकेशन मिनिस्टर श्री जीतू पटवारी का कहना है कि जल्द ही यह मध्य प्रदेश के २०० सरकारी कॉलेजों का इन्फ्रास्ट्रक्चर डिवेलप किया जाएगा। मिनिस्टर श्री जीतू पटवारी आज उज्जैन में गवर्नमेंट माधव साइंस पीजी कॉलेज में बायोटेक्नोलॉजी और माइक्रोबायोलॉजी भवन का लोकार्पण कर रहे थे।
उच्च शिक्षा मंत्री ने विद्यार्थियों और शिक्षकों से सीधा संवाद करते हुए बारी-बारी से उनकी समस्याओं को सुना और निराकरण किया। उन्होंने कहा कि सभी महाविद्यालयों में विद्यार्थी किसी न किसी खेल में अनिवार्य रूप से भाग लें। इसके लिए अलग से कालखण्ड निर्धारित किया जाएगा। श्री पटवारी ने कहा कि महाविद्यालयों में कार्यरत किसी भी अतिथि विद्वान को सेवा से पृथक नहीं किया जाएगा।
प्रदेश में सहायक प्राध्यापकों की भर्ती में अतिथि विद्वान को प्राथमिकता दी जा रही है। माधव विज्ञान महाविद्यालय के अच्छे वातावरण की प्रशंसा करते हुए उन्होंने कहा कि महाविद्यालय की कमियों को पूरा किया जाएगा। शासकीय महाविद्यालयों में रोजगार शिविर लगेंगे। महाविद्यालयों और छात्रावासों में मांग के अनुसार सीटें बढ़ाई जाएंगी। मातृ-प्रणाम योजना के लिए शासन द्वारा नया प्रोग्राम बनाया जा रहा है। कार्यक्रम में जन-प्रतिनिधि, महाविद्यालय के प्राचार्य, शिक्षक और छात्र-छात्राएँ उपस्थित थे। |
आज से नवरात्रि शुरू हो रही है। और ये नवरात्रि का पता तो पंचांग से ही चलता है। पंचांग को पोंगापंथी साबित करने की कोशिश जमकर हुआ। यहां तक कि सभी भारतीय पारम्परिक तथ्यों को भी अवैज्ञानिक साबित करके खारिज करने की कोशिश बरसों से खूब हुई। अब जरा नए साल को ही देखिए। भारतीय नववर्ष की बात करें तो देश भर में भारतीय नववर्ष मौसम चक्र, फसल चक्र के बदलाव के साथ बदल जाता है। जिस पंचांग को हम पोंगापन्थी मान लेते हैं। उस पंचांग के लिहाज से हर मौसम की पक्की वाली जानकारी होती है। यहां तक कि मौसम के बदलने के आज के मौसम विज्ञान जैसी पक्की सूचना भी वहां होती है। दिसम्बर-जनवरी या फिर मार्च-अप्रैल से वो बात कहां पक्की होती है। लेकिन, दुनिया में पसर गया और वैज्ञानिक ग्रहों, तथ्यों के आधार पर होने वाली भारतीय काल गणना के आधार को ही खारिज कर दिया गया। साल, महीने के बाद इसी तरह दिन की बात भी करें, तो दफ्तर की छुट्टी के लिहाज से रविवार से हफ्ता शुरू हो गया। लेकिन, सामान्य समझ के लिहाज से देखें, तो कोई भी दिन क्यों हुआ, इसका कोई पक्का तर्क तो है नहीं, सिवाय रविवार को चर्च जाने के। जबकि, भारतीय एकादश, द्वादश या फिर महीने की बजाय शुक्ल और कृष्ण पक्ष की बात, सबमें विज्ञान है। दुर्भाग्य ये कि पश्चिम के भारतीय संस्कृति को भोथरा करने की साजिश को भारत सत्ताश्रय पर पल रहे वामपंथी विद्वानों ने और मजबूती से मदद दी। ऐसी कि आज भारतीय परिवारों में पंचांग होते ही नहीं। और बहुत कुछ नुकसान पोंगापंथियों ने भी किया जो, पंचांग देखकर दिन, तिथि बताने का ठेका बस अपने पास रखा। देखिए समय बदल रहा है, काफी कुछ बदलेगा। |
InvigoFlex® AMPM is a unique day & night joint supplement that not only contains Glucosamine Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate, but also other natural ingredients. Boswellia Serrata and Curcumin (Tumeric) are offered in combination with Glucosamine Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate to help with overall joint health.* However, InvigoFlex® AMPM is not your typical Glucosamine and Chondroitin product. While others combine both Glucosamine and Chondroitin within the same formulation, we developed a schedule that allows both ingredients to be taken together - but not combined - keeping both ingredients at full bioavailability.
InvigoFlex® AMPM is available in a one month packaging with two 60 count bottles for a total of 120 caplets. You take 2 AM caplets, at the same time, in the morning and 2 PM caplets, at the same time, in the evening.
- Glucosamine Sulfate (AM) + Chondroitin Sulfate (PM)
- Includes Boswellia Serrata and Curcumin (Turmeric)*
- AM bottle and PM bottle for 24 Hours of Joint Support*
- Improved Bioavailability by Separating GS and CS Ingredients*
- Advanced Support for Healthy Joint Function and Cartilage* |
पिचर प्लांट जिसे हिंदी में घड़ा का पौधा कहते है एक मांसाहारी पौधे हैं जिनकी संशोधित पत्तियों को पिटफॉल ट्रैप के रूप में जाना जाता है। यह पौधा दुर्लभ और अद्वितीय होता हैं। यह प्लांट नेपेन्थेसीए परिवार का सदस्य हैं । ये पौधे ज्यादातर दलदलो के गीले भाग में पाए जाते है । कहा जाता है की पूरे विस्तृत ब्रह्मांड में सबसे रहस्यमय पत्ती पिचर का पौधा का है ।
पिचर प्लांट अपने नाम से मिलते जुलते दिखते भी हैं , इसका शेप एक लम्बा घड़े (मटका) की तरह होता है । इसकी लम्बी संरचना के अंदर पानी का एक कुंड होता है । इस पौधे का फूल कच्चे मांस का रंग जैसे होते हैं, जो आगे मक्खियों को आकर्षित करने का काम करता है। पौधे का आंतरिक हिस्सा मोमी और फिसलन वाली होती हैं, और इसके ऊपर की ओर बाल होते हैं जो शिकार को फ़साने में मदद करते हैं ।
यह पौधा मिसिसिपी और लुइसियाना के कुछ हिस्सों में उगते हैं जहां मिट्टी खराब होती है और इसे अन्य स्रोतों से पोषक तत्वों का स्तर प्राप्त होता है । यह पौधा अपना पोषण उन कीटों से प्राप्त करते हैं जो वे पकड़ते हैं । पिचर प्लांट में फ्लेश्य फुनेल्स और ट्यूबस होते हैं जो की कीटों और छोटे जानवरों के लिए जाल के रूप में कार्य करते हैं।
पिचर प्लांट के कई प्रजातियाँ होते है जो की सरकेनिया, नेपेंथेस और डार्लिंगटनिया नामों में पाए जाते हैं। इसके सभी प्रकार बाहरी रूप (यानि खुले में) से बढ़ने के लिए उपयुक्त नहीं हैं।
नेपेंथेस नेपेंथेस जीनस में लगभग १२० प्रजातियां हैं और वे पुरानी दुनिया के उष्णकटिबंधीय में बढ़ती हैं । इनके अधिकांश प्रजातियों को उच्च आर्द्रता, बहुत सारे पानी, और मध्यम से उच्च प्रकाश स्तर की आवश्यकता होती है ।
वहीँ बैंगनी सरकेनिया जिसे सैरासेनिया पूरपूरिया कहते है इसमें २ से ९ क्षेत्रीय की सहनशीलता होती है और यह कई क्षेत्रों के लिए असाधारण रूप से अनुकूल है। उत्तरी पिचर प्लांट बैंगनी सरकेनिया प्रकार का दूसरा नाम है और ये कनाडा में पाया जाता है ।
पीला घड़ा का पौधा जिसे सैरासेनिया फ्लावा कहते है ये संयुक्त अमरीका राज्य के टेक्सास और दलदली भागों में पाया जाता है।
तोता घड़ा यानि की सैरासेनिया प्सितेसीना और हरा धब्बेदार घड़ा जो की पीला घड़ा पौधा के सामान होता है ये दोनों गर्म पौधा होता है । पिचर प्लांट के ये दोनों प्रकार लुप्तप्राय प्रजातियों की सूची में पाए जाते हैं और ये बिक्री के लिए उपलब्ध नहीं होते है ।
कोबरा पिचर पौधा यानि की डार्लिंगटनिया कैलिफोर्निका केवल उत्तरी उत्तरी कैलिफोर्निया और दक्षिणी ओरेगन के मूल निवासी हैं।
पिचर प्लांट यानि की घड़े के पौधों के लिए सबसे अच्छा तापमान १६ से लेकर २१ डिग्री सेल्शिअस तक के बीच का होता है । यह पौधा पूर्ण सूर्य की प्रकाश के अलावा उसकी छाया में भी पनपता है । ये पौधा अप्रैल से अक्टोबर के बीच में पनपता है । लगभग ३५ प्रतिशत आर्द्रता पौधों के लिए ठीक माना जाता है।
इस पौधे को बाहर की ओर उगाने और इसकी देखभाल इसकी साइट और मिट्टी से शुरू होती है।
इस पौधे को उगाने के लिए समृद्ध कार्बनिक मिट्टी की आवश्यकता नहीं है, लेकिन एक ऐसे मिट्टी की आवश्यकता है जो अच्छी तरह से नालियां बना सके जिससे आसानी से जल निकासी हो सके ।
इनडोर पौधों के लिए किसी भी प्रकार के पॉट का उपयोग कर सकते है और मिट्टी में कम उर्वरता मिश्रण प्रदान करें ताकी पौधा अच्छे से बढ़े ।
बाहरी पौधे के लिए थोड़ी अम्लीय मिट्टी अच्छी रहती हैं । इस पौधे को दलदली, नम मिट्टी की जरूरत होती है ।
घड़े के पौधों की देखभाल न्यूनतम है।
इस पौधे को ठीक से विकसित करने के लिए पूर्ण एक्सपोज़र वाली दक्षिण की ओर की खिड़कियां इस प्लांट की पहली और प्रमुख पसंद है ।
इस पौधे को लगभग पूरे वर्ष गीला या कम से कम नम होना चाहिए। यदि आप सही ढंग से पानी देते हैं, तो सिद्धांत रूप में, पौधे के चारों ओर नमी का एक निरंतर स्रोत होगा ।
एक मांसाहारी पौधों को अम्लीय पानी की आवश्यकता होती है और लंबे समय तक तटस्थ या क्षारीय पानी का उपयोग करने से पौधे मरने लगते है । पौधों को पूरी तरह से सूखने न दें। सुनिश्चित करें कि आपके द्वारा उपयोग किया जाने वाला पानी या तो बारिश का पानी है या आसुत है, जिसमें नमक का स्तर कम है।
सर्दियों की सुप्त अवधि के शुरू होने पर सभी मृत पत्तियों को कैंची से काट कर उसे हटा दें।
यदि यह पौधा कीटों की पहुंच के बिना हिन् समय-समय पर बढ़ रहा है तो आप एक परिपक्व पौधे में कुछ छोटे कीड़े, जैसे कि मक्खी, या तिलचट्टा डाल सकते हैं। आमतौर पर इसकी जरूरत नहीं होती है ।
कुछ कीड़े और जानवर घने पौधों के साथ सामंजस्यपूर्वक रहते हैं।
कुछ हिंसक जानवर जैसे की मकड़ियाँ छिपने के लिए इस पौधे का ढक्कन की तरह उपयोग करते हैं। वहीं कुछ कीट लार्वा, मच्छरों की तरह, पौधे के अंदर रहते हैं।
पौधे के अंदर मरने वाली चींटियों को अन्य शिकार को आकर्षित करने के लिए उनकी क्षयकारी गंध के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है।
कभी-कभी छोटे मेंढक पौधों में छिप जाते हैं और पौधे को आकर्षित करने वाली मक्खियों को खा जाते हैं।
एक बार अंदर जाने पर, कई कीटों को संरचना से बाहर निकलना मुश्किल हो जाता है, इसलिए वे अंततः तरल में डूब जाते हैं। |
गुजरात विधानसभा चुनाव से पहले पाटीदार नेता हार्दिक पटेल की मुश्किलें बढ़ती हुई नजर आ रही है। कोर्ट ने हार्दिक पटेल और लालजी पटले के खिलाफ गैरजमानती वारंट जारी किया है। बुधवार को गुजरात के विसनगर सेशन कोर्ट ने तोड़-फोड़ के मामले में हार्दिक पटेल के खिलाफ ये वारंट जारी किया है। आपको बता दें कि दोनों पाटीदार नेताओं पर भारतीय जनता पार्टी (बीजेपी) विधायक ऋषिकेश पटेल के दफ्तर में तोड़फोड़ का आरोप है।
दरअसल और आरक्षण आंदोलन के दौरान स्थानीय बीजेपी विधायक ऋषिकेश पटेल के दफ्तर में तोड़फोड़ के आरोप में इन लोगों पर मामला दर्ज हुआ था। तीन बार कोर्ट से समन के बावजूद भी हाजिर नहीं होने के बाद अब इन लोगों के खिलाफ वारंट जारी किया गया है।
बता दें कि अभी हाल ही में गुजरात सरकार ने पटेल आरक्षण आंदोलन के नेता हार्दिक पटेल के खिलाफ तिरंगे के अपमान करने का केस वापस ले लिया था। हार्दिक पर दो साल पहले (१९ अक्टूबर २०१५) तिरंगे के अपमान का केस दर्ज हुआ था।
क्यों किया था आंदोलन?
बता दें कि साल २०१५ से आरक्षण की मांग को लेकर पटेल समुदाय हार्दिक पटेल के नेतृत्व में गुजरात में जगह-जगह आंदोलन कर रहा है। गुजरात में कड़वा, लेउवा और आंजना तीन तरह के पटेल हैं। आंजना पटेल ओबीसी में आते हैं। जबकि कड़वा और लेउवा पटेल ओबीसी आरक्षण की मांग कर रहे हैं। आरक्षण ना मिलने से अब पटेल बीजेपी से नाराज हैं। |
नयी दिल्ली,आजादी की ७५वीं सालगिरह से पहले तैयार होने वाले नये संसद भवन में दोनों सदनों के सभी सदस्यों को मंत्रियों के अलग चेंबर की तर्ज पर अलग कमरा दिए जाने की योजना है, ताकि उन्हें अपने विधायी कार्यों की तैयारी करने का उपयुक्त स्थान मिल सके। संसद भवन की मौजूदा व्यवस्था में सिर्फ मंत्रियों को ही अलग कमरा मिलता है। संसद सदस्यों को अभी विधायी कार्यों के लिये आवश्यक अध्ययन हेतु अथवा किसी से मिलने के लिये या तो मंत्रियों के चेंबर में शरण लेनी पड़ती है,या फिर पुस्तकालय अथवा केन्द्रीय कक्ष एवं अन्य स्थानों का रुख करना पड़ता है।
प्राप्त जानकारी के अनुसार, ब्रिटिश काल में निर्मित संसद भवन और केन्द्रीय सचिवालय सहित अपने विभिन्न मंत्रालयों की इमारतें मौजूदा समय की जरूरतों की पूर्ति में नाकाफी साबित हो रही है। इसके मद्देनजर सरकार ने राष्ट्रपति भवन से इंडिया गेट तक, तीन किमी के दायरे में मौजूद देश की शासन व्यवस्था के शीर्ष सत्ता प्रतिष्ठानों (संसद भवन और केन्द्रीय सचिवालय) का कायाकल्प कर नया स्वरूप देने की महत्वाकांक्षी परियोजना शुरु की है। इसे अंजाम दे रहे आवास एवं शहरी मामलों के मंत्रालय के एक वरिष्ठ अधिकारी ने बताया कि ९० साल की ऐतिहासिक विरासत को समेटे संसद भवन की इमारत के ऐतिहासिक महत्व से इंकार नहीं किया जा सकता है, लेकिन यह भी सही है कि बदले वक्त की मौजूदा जरूरतों को यह इमारत पूरा नहीं कर पा रही है।
इसमें सांसदों के लिये स्थान का अभाव अहम समस्या है। उन्होंने बताया कि अमेरिका और यूरोप के तमाम विकसित देशों में सभी संसद सदस्यों को संसद भवन में अलग से कमरा मिलता है। वहीं, दुनिया के सबसे विशाल लोकतंत्र के सांसदों को संसद भवन में ही अपने विधायी कामकाज के लिये सदन में निर्धारित सीट के अलावा कोई ऐसा निश्चित स्थान नहीं है जहां बैठकर वे किसी से मिल सकें या सदन में जाने से पहले अध्ययन और दस्तावेजी कामों की तैयारी कर सकें। सपा के राज्यसभा सदस्य चौधरी सुखराम सिंह ने संसद भवन को नये सिरे से बनाने या इसका पुनर्विकास करने की सरकार की परियोजना को स्वागतयोग्य बताते हुये इसमें सभी सदस्यों के लिये अलग चेंबर की व्यवस्था करने के विचार को कारगर पहल बताया।
उन्होंने बताया कि मौजूदा व्यवस्था में मंत्रियों के अलावा विभिन्न दलों के नेता सदन को अलग कक्ष मिलता है। ऐसे में एक या दो सदस्यों वाले छोटे दलों के नेता और सदस्यों को स्थान के अभाव में खासी परेशानी का सामना करना पड़ता है। उल्लेखनीय है कि आवास एवं शहरी मामलों के राज्यमंत्री (स्वतंत्र प्रभार) हरदीप सिंह पुरी ने भी शुक्रवार को ओद्यौगिक संगठन फिक्की द्वारा आयोजित एक कार्यक्रम में संसद भवन के पुनर्विकास की योजना की पुष्टि की है। पुरी ने कहा कि संसद भवन और संयुक्त केन्द्रीय सचिवालय को नया रूप देने के काम को २०२४ तक पूरा कर लिया जायेगा । परियोजना से जुड़े मंत्रालय के एक अधिकारी ने बताया कि सबसे पहले दिसंबर २०१५ में तत्कालीन लोकसभा अध्यक्ष सुमित्रा महाजन ने मंत्रालय को पत्र लिखकर नये संसद भवन के निर्माण की संभावनाओं का पता लगाने का अनुरोध किया था।
महाजन द्वारा संसद में जगह की कमी और भावी परिसीमन में दोनों सदनों की सदस्य संख्या एक हजार तक पंहुचने की संभावना के मद्देनजर यह समस्या और अधिक गहराने की भी आशंका जतायी थी। इसे देखते हुये तत्कालीन शहरी विकास मंत्री एम वेंकैया नायडू ने अधिकारियों से नये भवन के लिये जगह तलाशने को कहा था। संसद भवन में स्थान के अभाव का अंदाजा इसी बात से लगाया जा सकता है कि विभिन्न दलों के नेता अपनी पार्टी के लिये कमरों के लिये गाहे ब गाहे झगड़ते रहते हैं। अगस्त २०१४ में तेदेपा और तृणमूल कांग्रेस के सदस्यों के बीच कमरे के आवंटन को लेकर आपसी विवाद इतना बढ़ गया था कि इसकी शिकायत महाजन के पास तक पंहुच गयी।
संसद में स्थान के अभाव की समस्या को लोकसभा अध्यक्ष ओम बिरला और राज्यसभा के सभापति वेंकैया नायडू ने भी पिछले महीने पांच अगस्त को उठाते हुये प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी से अगस्त २०२२ तक संसद भवन को विस्तार देने का अनुरोध किया। इस पर मोदी ने २० अगस्त को घोषणा की कि सरकार, संसद भवन को आधुनिक रूप देने सहित अन्य सभी संभावनायें तलाश रही है। गौरतलब है कि मौजूदा व्यवस्था में लोकसभा में अधिकतम सदस्य संख्या ५५० और राज्यसभा में २५० सदस्यों के बैठने की व्यवस्था है। दोनों सदनों के अलावा संसद भवन में मंत्रियों और विभिन्न समितियों के अध्यक्षों सहित कुल १८० सदस्यों के कार्य निष्पादन हेतु अलग व्यवस्था है। सभी पक्षों में आमराय है कि यह व्यवस्था मौजूदा परिस्थितियों एवं भविष्य के लिहाज नितांत नाकाफी है।
दुनिया का सबसे पुराना संसद भवन इटली का है। १५०५ में निर्मित इस संसद भवन की इमारत, समय के साथ तमाम बदलावों के बीच आज भी कार्यरत है। इसके अलावा वर्तमान में कार्यरत संसद भवन की पुरानी इमारतों में १८०० में निर्मित अमेरिकी संसद, १८१४ में निर्मित स्पेन की संसद, १८७० में निर्मित ब्रिटिश संसद और १८८४ में निर्मित दक्षिण अफ्रीकी संसद शामिल है। भारतीय संसद भवन की आधारशिला १२ फरवरी, १९२१ को रखी गयी थी। मशहूर वास्तुकारों, एडविन लुटियन्स और हर्बर्ट बेकर द्वारा तैयार डिजायन पर आधारित संसद भवन, लगभग छह साल में ८३ लाख रूपये की लागत से १८ जनवरी, १९२७ को बनकर तैयार हुआ था। |
Taiwan lies off the southeast coast of the Asian Continent, where the tropical and subtropical zones come together. Surrounded by the sea and dominated by high mountains created by tectonic action over the eons, the country features a full range of climates and terrains from the tropical to the frigid. The variations in weather, geology, and elevation give Taiwan an unparalleled richness of flora and fauna, including many endemic species that are found nowhere else in the world. Taiwan is, in fact, a northern-hemisphere microcosm and natural treasure house that, truly, must be seen to be believed.
If you want to know how beautiful Taiwan really is, you have to come and see for yourself. You will be amazed at the diversity of ancient species this beautiful and relatively young island has to offer. Come and explore its numerous mountains, forests, wetlands and oceans, and find an incredible collection of natural ecosystems.
Flora and Fauna
Taiwan harbors a great diversity of organic life, and some variations are rarely found elsewhere in the world. An example is the black forest similar to that in Germany, with vegetation going back 30 to 60 million years, such as Taxus sumatrana, mangrove, Taiwan isoetes, and the rare high-altitude grass plains. The world's oldest amphibian, the Formosan salamander, can also be found here, as well as the Formosan black bear, the Mikado pheasant and the land-locked salmon. The beautiful azalea, cherry blossom and maple leaf are also subjects of admiration. If you want to experience this diverse animal and plant life, consider a visit to one of Taiwan's national scenic areas, national parks or forests, or nature reserves, as these form the most ideal outdoor natural resource learning opportunities in Taiwan.
Taiwan's national parks, including Yangming Mountain (Yangmingshan), Taroko, Yu Mountain (Yushan), Shei-Pa, Kending (Kenting), Kinmen, Dongsha Atoll, and Taijiang, form the back garden of Taiwan and in themselves are natural treasure-houses. Next to beautiful sceneries, they provide the shelter to unique animal and plant life, including insects, fish, and birds. The natural reserves actually form miniature ecosystems that not only provide a protected environment but also offer a great alternative for recreational activities, environmental education and academic research. Here, visitors can get away from their hectic lives in the city and enjoy the serene environment.
Taiwan is surrounded by oceans and therefore has a long coastline, which offers different sceneries wherever you go. The West Coast mainly consists of sand dunes, sand beaches, sand bars and lagoons, and its straight coastline is rather monotonous. The East Coast on the contrary presents a dramatic coastline of towering cliffs that almost directly descend into the deep sea. The coastal plains here are very narrow. The rock formations at the North Coast alternate with beautiful bays and offer the most varied coastal landscape of Taiwan, while the South Coast mainly consists of coral reefs. The offshore islands of Taiwan also offer a great variety of geographical landscapes that are characteristic for the region, such as the basaltic rocks of the Penghu islands, the granite rocks of Kinmen, and the marine erosions of Matzu.
Butterflies: Some 17,000 different species of butterflies are known around the world; almost 400 can be seen in Taiwan, 50 of which are endemic to the island. There are many different sites where you can go to watch them dance in the air, including Doll Valley in Wulai near Taipei, Yangming Mountain (Yangmingshan) National Park, Mt. Jiaoban, and Mt.Lala along the Northern Cross-Island Highway, Qilan near Taipingshan (Ta-ping Mountain) , Guguan, Li Mountain (Lishan) , and Cuifeng along the Central Cross-Island Highway, Nanshan River and Huisun Forest near Puli, Shanlin River (Sunlinksea) in Nantou County, Butterfly Valley in Maolin near Kaohsiung County, Sheding Park and Nanren Mountain (Nanrenshan) in Kending (Kenting) , and Butterfly Valley in Taitung.
Birds: Because of its warm and humid climate, Taiwan has extremely rich vegetation which attracts many birds. Located at the western edge of the Pacific Ocean, it is also a favorite resting area for migrating birds. Resident and migrating birds total some 440 species, and endemic birds such as the black-faced spoonbill and the Sterna leucoptera can be seen here. Sites for watching these migrating birds include the Guandu swamplands in the northern Taiwan, Yilan swamplands, mouth of the Exit Dadu River in the central Taiwan and Gaopin River in the southern Taiwan. Other bird-watching sites are the Penghu islands, Matzu, Wulai, Mt. Hehuan, Xitou, Ali Mountain (Alishan), Yangming Mountain (Yangmingshan) National Park, Yu Mountain (Yushan) National Park, Shei-Pa National Park, Taroko National Park, Kending (Kenting) National Park, Kinmen National Park, Taijiang National Park, Northeast Coast National Scenic Area, and East Coast and the East Rift Valley National Scenic Areas. |
अफगानिस्तान सुलह के लिए अमेरिका के विशेष प्रतिनिधि श्री ज़ल्माय खलीलज़ाद ने आज विदेश मंत्री और राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा सलाहकार से मुलाकात की। उनके साथ अमेरिकी राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा परिषद में वरिष्ठ निदेशक, सुश्री लिसा कर्टिस और भारत में अमेरिकी राजदूत, श्री केनर भी मौजूद थे।
श्री खलीलजाद ने अफगानिस्तान में अमेरिकी शांति और सुलह प्रयासों पर एक अद्यतन पेश किया। अमेरिकी पक्ष ने अफगानिस्तान में आर्थिक विकास, पुनर्निर्माण और मानवीय सहायता में भारत के रचनात्मक योगदान की सराहना की। उन्होंने अफगानिस्तान में स्थायी शांति, सुरक्षा और स्थिरता में भारत की महत्वपूर्ण और सतत भूमिका को महत्व दिया।
विदेश मंत्री और राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा सलाहकार ने शांति, सुरक्षा, एकता, लोकतांत्रिक और समावेशी राजनीति को मजबूत करने और अफगान हिंदुओं और सिखों सहित अफगान समाज के सभी वर्गों के अधिकारों की सुरक्षा के लिए भारत के निरंतर समर्थन को दोहराया।भारत बढ़ते हिंसा के मामलों में से चिंतित है और तत्काल युद्ध विराम और कोरोनोवायरस महामारी से निपटने में अफगानिस्तान के लोगों की सहायता करने की आवश्यकता का समर्थन करता है।भारत कोरोनोवायरस महामारी से निपटने के लिए अफगानिस्तान में मानवीय सहायता और चिकित्सा आपूर्ति भेजरहा है।इस बात पर जोर दिया गया था कि अफगानिस्तान में स्थायी शांति और स्थिरता के लिए आतंकवादी सुरक्षित ठिकानों और शरण स्थानों को समाप्त करना आवश्यक है। |
The speed with which consumers use and replace electronic devices is staggering: According to the United Nations Environmental Programme, 20 to 50 million tons of e-waste are generated worldwide every year, with 5.5 tons composed of computers, cell phones and televisions. (See Reference 1, Page 27) The rapid increase in e-waste makes it necessary for manufacturers and municipalities to encourage computer recycling or reuse. Authorized e-waste recyclers in the United States collect more than 100 million pounds of obsolete electronics every year, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, but much more is simply thrown away. Recycling such electronic waste has numerous benefits -- and not recycling computers poses serious threats to the environment.
In the U.S., in 2009 alone, discarded electronics like TVs, computers and computer peripherals comprised approximately 2.37 tons of waste. Of that amount, about 1.7 million tons were destined for landfills. (See Reference 2) E-waste packs landfills with reusable or recoverable materials and takes up space needed for non-recyclable products. Much of the e-waste in the U.S. is shipped overseas, ostensibly for recycling -- but it often ends up in polluting landfills. (See Reference 1, Page 27)
While the EPA believes that “disposal of electronics in properly managed municipal solid waste landfills does not threaten human health and the environment,” computers indisputably contain toxic metals like lead, cadmium and mercury. (See Reference 2) If computers are discarded in improperly managed landfills, the metals could leach into the ground surrounding the dump site. The resulting pollution could affect groundwater and the flora and fauna that depend on it.
Computer infrastructure also contains valuable metals such as gold, copper and platinum. Throwing away computers forces manufacturers to expend energy and resources to find raw materials for new products. Mining for precious metals, creation of engineered plastics and the manufacture of brand new components all consume energy and expel greenhouse gases into the environment, hastening the effects of climate change. Recycling computers allows manufacturers to reclaim the metals and other materials and reuse them. (See Reference 2)
Consumers may discard computers that are outdated in favor of newer models, even if they’re still in good working condition. This practice denies the benefits of technology to secondary users such as schools, nonprofit organizations, small businesses or students. Donating working computers and their peripherals extends their usefulness and keeps them out of landfills longer. (See Reference 3)
- Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images |
How to Convert Teeth That Need Root Canal Back to Healthy Teeth
Root canal therapy is a treatment that removes infected tooth areas and then places a healthy tooth in their place. Inflammation from a damaged pulp can cause swelling of surrounding teeth , which can impact overall health. If the tooth is at this stage treatment with a root canal is the best option for treatment.
A painful procedure
A root canal procedure is necessary If you suffer from an infection in the pulp or “pulpit,” of your tooth. This condition cannot be treated by any means that is natural and cannot be reversed. The reason for pulpitis is usually tooth decay or injury to the tooth. The best way to prevent developing the condition is to practice good dental hygiene . Also, visit your dentist for a checkup when you have toothaches.
The procedure itself isn’t very painful, but you’ll experience an intense amount of discomfort after the procedure. The dentist will do it as quickly as they can to reduce the discomfort while also preserving the dental integrity. You should be careful not to chew on anything, including pencils or packages, as they will likely cause severe pain.
Infected teeth can be transmitted to your bloodstream and airway. The jawbone and the surrounding tissues may be affected as well by the infection. Root canals aren’t usually dangerous , but they can cause major issues if they’re not done correctly.
Once your tooth has undergone root canal therapy, you’ll need to visit your dentist for a follow-up examination just a few days after the procedure to ensure your tooth is healing as expected. You will also need to plan an appointment every three to five year. This will allow your dentist to track the healing process and identify the possibility of a failing root canal or a recurrence.
A root canal treatment is often required when a tooth is infected because of trauma or severe decay. The root canal is a procedure to remove the soft tissue within the tooth, including the nerves and blood vessels. This procedure is necessary to prevent further damage of your tooth, which may cause pain and loss of bone.
Patients with roots that require an extraction through a root canal will receive a temporary filling in place while the procedure is being carried out. To safeguard the tooth from further damage, the dentist will place the crown over it.
The procedure of root canal treatment weakens the tooth’s structure and reduces their functionality. The procedure may also cause more fractures to teeth. To prevent fractures, people should stay away from hard foods and chew with other teeth. To protect their teeth from future fractures, people should think about dental crowns. Another potential risk associated with root canal treatment is that a treated root canal tooth can become infected. This could cause tooth infection and eventually tooth loss.
After the root canal procedure, the area around the tooth could be sensitive for up to a few days. This is because of inflammation. Pain medication can ease this discomfort. It could take several days to resume your normal activities depending on how severe the pain is.
The study revealed that teeth that had lesions prior to surgery were most susceptible to failure. This was especially relevant for teeth with transverse diameters that were greater than 5mm. These teeth were more likely to develop an infection that was difficult to treat. However, the success rates were the same for both pre-operative and post-operative lesions.
The study included a group of healthy people as well as chronically sick patients. There were seven patients with cancer, 32 with chronic fatigue, nine with Rheumatoid diseases and nine with degenerative neurological issues and 12 patients with intestinal symptoms. The patients’ dental x-rays were also examined to determine whether they had apical periodontitis, a form of inflammation that can cause an abscess or a cyst.
The results of the study showed that root canal therapy was more efficient in keeping teeth from losing than periapical tissues that are deteriorating. This finding was supported by the fact that treatment for root canals can often keep teeth functioning for a long time. It was also concluded that the decision to remove teeth may not be the result of failure of the periapical tissues.
While root canal treatments are safer than other dental procedures, there are misconceptions that prevent people from having root canals. This makes it difficult for patients to get the treatment they need and can pose health risks. The treatment for root canals may not be recommended after tooth abscess that can lead to a severe toothache and loss of bone.
The X-rays that are required
The procedure is usually required. A scan can help determine if you require it. Broken teeth are difficult to recognize, however they can cause discomfort when you chew. Your dentist will take xrays of your affected tooth and the root when you visit. These xrays will show the extent of tooth damage. These x-rays are crucial following an accident or injury.
There are a variety of Xrays that a dentist can use to determine whether you require root canal treatment. Some show individual teeth while others show the whole set. The smaller films can be used to assess specific issues while the larger films can be used to assess your whole mouth and plan your treatment.
If you suspect a tooth is in need of root canal treatment, an x-ray will show radiolucency surrounding the tooth’s root. The dark area is a sign of an issue in the nerve space or changes in bone density. However, it does not necessarily indicate that the root canal is the only option.
Digital X-rays have many advantages over traditional films. They allow you to view the image right after taking it. You can also select different ways to manipulate the image. However, these options do not provide a more precise interpretation. In addition, digital xrays are more precisely duplicated and transmitted electronically.
The X-rays also help detect the loss of bone caused by gum disease. They can also be used to detect the presence of cancers, cysts and damaged teeth. They can also assist dentists determine if you are an ideal candidate for dental implants.
Your dentist may also take periapical radiographs in order to examine the root canal as well as its surrounding structures. These X-rays will reveal whether your tooth is in decay, whether it has a fracture, or how much damage the root canal has caused.
After your dentist has taken an x-ray she will review the details of each image. They will be looking for differences from the xray, and will reveal any issues that need more treatment. In certain instances radiographs may reveal massive gaps, periodontal issues or prior endodontic treatment. Your dentist can complete the picture by identifying root canal issues.
There are many ways to treat teeth that need root canal to healthy teeth. First, assess the condition of your tooth. A root canal is recommended when the decay has reached the dentin layer. During a root canal, the dentist removes the pulp and nerve from the inside of the tooth. A sterile, inert material is then placed in the tooth’s place.
Tooth decay, dental fractures and deep fillings may damage the pulp – the soft, inner part of a tooth that houses blood vessels and nerves. If not treated, this can result in serious infections and even bone loss. If a tooth is infected bacteria can infiltrate the pulp and cause damage to the tooth as well as the adjacent teeth. Root canal therapy prevents this infection from spreading which makes it a great option for people with a tooth that has decay.
In certain instances, the infection can spread to adjacent teeth, which requires expensive procedure. Grafting is another option. However, this option could be expensive and is also a risk to cause damage to adjacent teeth. Root canal treatment should be taken seriously. This procedure is usually performed by a highly-skilled dentist who specializes in converting teeth that have a root canal to healthy teeth.
Root canals don’t just stop the spread of infection, but can also alleviate symptoms of an infected tooth. They also help eliminate the need to remove a tooth. A successful root canal procedure can boast an 88% success rate. In rare instances, however, root canal procedures can fail. In these instances patients may have to have a root canal treatment or undergo other procedures.
If you suspect that you have an abscessed tooth you should immediately visit your dentist for an assessment. If the pain is too severe, it could be necessary to undergo a root-canal. If the infection continues to spread to other parts of your body it could lead to serious health issues.
Certain patients may need to return for a follow-up appointment in order to complete the procedure. If your infection is severe the dentist might prescribe antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications prior to the procedure. Also, you should avoid smoking for at least one or two days prior the root canal. The procedure itself can take as long as an hour and half. |
World Creativity and Innovation Day (WCID) observed on 21 April
Published: April 23, 2018
The United Nations (UN) has officially declared April 21 as the World Creativity and Innovation Day (WCID) to encourage people to use creativity in problem-solving. The first official WCID was celebrated on April 21, 2018. The day is marked as well positioned to encourage creative multidisciplinary thinking to help us achieve the sustainable future we want. |
भाजपा के राष्ट्रीय अध्यक्ष अमित शाह ने खुज्जी विधानसभा के अंबागढ़ चौकी से कांग्रेस पार्टी पर जमकर प्रहार किया। उन्होंने मंच से कांग्रेस पार्टी अध्यक्ष राहुल गांधी के छत्तीसगढ़ दौरे में मोबाइल वितरण व मेड इन छग की बात पर कटाक्ष करते हुए कहा कि राहुल बाबा को विकास दिखाई नहीं देता, क्योंकि वे अंधेरा देखने के आदी हैं। तभी तो पूरे देश और दुनिया को रोशन करने वाली बिजली की चमक उन्हें दिखाई नहीं देती, सीमेंट हब बन चुके छग के निर्माण नहीं दिखते।
उन्होंने कहा कि कांग्रेस पार्टी राज्य में व्याप्त नक्सलवाद को क्रांति की संज्ञा देती है वह देश की जनता को स्पष्ट करे कि यह कैसी क्रांति है उन्होंने कहा कि सत्ता के लिए नक्सलवाद को क्रांति कहकर समर्थन देने वाले कांग्रेसी समझ ले कि गरीब का भूख दूर करना क्रांति है, जो इस राज्य में डॉ. रमन सिंह के नेतृत्व में भारतीय जनता पार्टी की सरकार ने किया है।
आयुष्मान भारत योजना के माध्यम से ५ लाख का नि:शुल्क इलाज गरीबों को देना क्रांति है। क्रांति तब होती है, जब किसान की फसल का उचित समर्थन मूल्य दिया जाए। क्रांति तब होती है, जब मेहनतकश, मजदूर, किसान के हक में डाका डालने वाले बिचौलिए समाप्त हो जाएं।
छत्तीसगढ़ में डॉ. रमन के नेतृत्व में भाजपा की सरकार ने विकास की ऐसी ही क्रांति लाई है। उन्होंने उपस्थित विशाल भीड़ से पूछा कि जनता तय करे कि वे नक्सलवाद में क्रांति देखते हैं या विकास में। जनता की आवाज विकास में क्रांति के समर्थन में आने पर शाह ने जनता से डॉ. रमन सिंह के नेतृत्व में नवा छत्तीसगढ़ की परिकल्पना पर मुहर लगाने का आह्वान किया।
शाह ने मंच से डॉ. रमन के नेतृत्व में विकास कार्यों को गिनाते हुए कहा कि छत्तीसगढ़ में भारतीय जनता पार्टी की सरकार ने चमत्कार कर दिखाया है। डॉ. रमन सिंह ने इन राज्य को बीमारू राज्य से विकासशील राज्य में तब्दील किया है।
उन्होंने छत्तीसगढ़ को देश का एकमात्र राज्य निरूपित किया, जहां बजट विगत १५ वर्षों में ९००० करोड़ से ९२१२५ करोड़ हो गया। छत्तीसगढ़ राज्य में ४००० मेगावाट पैदा होने वाली बिजली आज बढ़कर २२६०० मेगावाट हो गई है। प्रतिव्यक्ति आय १३००० रु. से बढ़कर ९२००० रु. हो गई है।
उन्होंने कहा कि एल्युमिनियम का सबसे बड़ा उत्पादक राज्य छत्तीसगढ़ आज तरक्की के नये सोपान तय करते हुए नवा छत्तीसगढ़ की परिकल्पना गढ़ रहा है। इसे सार्थक करने के लिए आपके आशीर्वाद के साथ दो इंजन वाला विकास की ट्रेन चाहिए।
उन्होंने राज्य में डॉ. रमन सिंह की सक्रियाता व केन्द्र से प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी जी की संवेदन शीलता के चलते राज्य के विकास में आये तेजी का उल्लेख करते हुए कहा कि डॉ. रमन के नेतृत्व में १५ वर्षों के कार्यकाल में प्रथम १० वर्ष केन्द्र में यूपीए की सरकार होने के चलते विकास अवरोध का सामना करना पड़ता था जो विगत ४ वर्षो से दूर हो गया है। इसीलिए छत्तीसगढ़ सतत निरंतर विकास कर पा रहा हैं।
अंबागढ़ चौकी की सभा से विकास पर मुहर लगाने के आह्वान के साथ ही श्री शाह ने प्रचण्ड मतों से जीत दिलाकर डॉ. रमन के नेतृत्व में भाजपा की सरकार के नवा छत्तीसगढ़ की परिकल्पना को साकार करने का संकल्प दिलाया। |
हिमाचल प्रदेश में दो वर्षीय डिप्लोमा इन एलीमेंटरी एजुकेशन (डीएलएड) कोर्स के सत्र २०१६-१८ के लिए ३० मार्च तक ऑथोराइजेशन पत्र में आवंटित संस्थान में प्रवेश ले सकते है।
जेएनएन, धर्मशाला: हिमाचल प्रदेश में दो वर्षीय डिप्लोमा इन एलीमेंटरी एजुकेशन (डीएलएड) कोर्स के सत्र २०१६-१८ के लिए राजकीय डाइट्स एवं निजी संबद्धता प्राप्त डाइट्स की २३७७ सीटों के लिए जारी १७५ अभ्यर्थी ३० मार्च तक ऑथोराइजेशन पत्र में आवंटित संस्थान में प्रवेश ले सकते है।
हिमाचल प्रदेश स्कूल शिक्षा बोर्ड के सचिव डॉ. विशाल शर्मा के अनुसार उपरोक्त सीटो के लिए ११ से २२ मार्च तक आवेदन आमंत्रित किए गए थे और १७५ अभ्यर्थियो के आवेदन प्राप्त हुए। इस पर शिक्षा बोर्ड ने अभ्यर्थियों को ऑथोराइजेशन पत्र में आवंटित किए गए संस्थानों के नाम बोर्ड की वेबसाइट में डाल दिए है और अभ्यर्थी वहां से ऑथोराइजेशन पत्र डाउनलोड कर तय समय मे संस्थानों में प्रवेश ले सकते है। |
Carrying out a project as complex as the Human Microbiome Project took considerable efforts and coordination among the 80 institutions involved. Baylor College of Medicine and its collaborating institutions were integrally involved in much of the work including:
Defining who is healthy, normal
Dr. Wendy Keitel, professor of molecular virology and microbiology, and director of the Vaccine Research Center at BCM, said the upfront process defining who could take part in the study involved a tremendous amount of time and input in the form of conference calls, meetings and expert panel discussions.
"What is normal?" she said. "This has to be clearly defined and regarded as a reference set."
A panel of experts in microbiology, infectious diseases, and the microbiome were assembled several years in advance to strategize on the ideal number of body sites and subjects to sample, and the best way to do so.
"Jim Versalovic and Wendy Keitel and their group came up with the protocols needed to handle collection of samples from human subjects," said Dr. Sarah Highlander, associate professor of molecular virology and microbiology at BCM. She was chair of the working group that came up with a manual of procedure on how to process those samples in the laboratory. Four centers came together to determine the best way to extract DNA to ensure consistent results.
"Defining what was a "normal" subject for the Human Microbiome Project was a bit of a challenge," said Dr. Kjersti Aagaard, associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at BCM. "What we were really seeking to find were 'reference' subjects, or folks that had likely minimally perturbed microbial communities. For these reasons we recruited men and women who were not obese, not on medications, and did not have chronic health problems. While this is perhaps not what is regarded as truly reflective of the current state of health or lifestyle for many, we felt that it would yield the most robust reference cohort available."
Keitel and her group had significant experience in recruiting subjects for studies, based on their vaccine work.
In the end, they recruited 150 of the 300 subjects needed for the study. Researchers at Washington University recruited the other 150. Results from 242 subjects were reported in the two Nature papers.
As the researchers interviewed people who wanted to take part, they had to discuss the risks– which were minimal. One concern is privacy. Would their microbiomes be identifiable in the public databases where they would be placed? Dr. Amy McGuire, associate professor in the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at BCM, was a leader in the Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) of the Microbiome Project and helped define the risks in that effort. One mitigating factor was that while the sequences of the subjects' microbiomes with no personal identifiers would be available on the public database, their genomes or personal genetic code would not be.
Dr. James Versalovic, professor of pathology & immunology, pediatrics, molecular and human genetics and molecular virology and microbiology, helped design the methods of clinical sampling.
"I was just the facilitator," he said. Keitel, Dr. Kjersti Aagaard, Dr. Shital Patel, Dr. Jim Katancik, chair of periodontology at University of Texas Dental School at the time, and others were in the trenches, taking samples.
Subjects had to be instructed on the use of topical medicine, soaps, mouthwashes, hand sanitizers, bathing, showering and swimming before they came in for sampling. Researchers wanted them to have had as similar experiences as possible before the sampling, and they even gave them a bag of hygiene products to use in the days prior to the sampling.
At each visit, nine specimens were collected from the oral cavity and oropharynx: saliva, buccal mucosa (cheek), gums, palate, tonsils, throat and tongue soft tissues, and the tooth biofilm above and below the gum. Skin specimens were collected from the creases behind each ear and the two inner elbows, and one specimen for the nostrils. Three vaginal specimens were collected from different areas of the vagina.
Subjects brought in a stool specimen in a special jar, which represented the microbiota of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Many people were asked to return for additional sampling to find out how stable the microbiome is over time.
At BCM, the work occurred in a single clinic area, making it easier for subjects to appear for their sampling procedures. Aagaard said the clinicians arrived at the clinic two afternoons a week for two years in order to carry out the procedures.
"It was a labor of scientific love", she said. "How many times in one's life do we have the opportunity to work on a 'big team science project' which will literally write scientific history? We had an incredible team of physician scientists, and an amazing group of subject volunteers."
Processing the samples
"We really had a superb atmosphere in which to do this," said Highlander. She credits Keitel, Versalovic and Dr. Janet Butel, chair of molecular virology and microbiology, for setting up the physical infrastructure that made that possible. The laboratory in which the samples were logged, processed and DNA extracted and catalogued before being sent for sequencing is just around the corner from the clinic. The close proximity of clinic and sample processing lab permitted rapid transfer of samples and easy communication between the two groups.
Graduate student Bonnie Youmans in Highlander's laboratory and Matthew Ross in the lab of Dr. Joseph Petrosino, assistant professor of molecular virology and microbiology, worked together to set, organize and code the thousands of samples that resulted. With the help of two technicians they extracted DNA from all the samples and packaged and sent them for sequencing at the four Genome Sequencing Centers that were part of the project.
A good deal of that sequencing took place at Baylor College of Medicine's own Human Genome Sequencing Center. Before that could begin in earnest, protocols for sequencing microbiome samples were needed.
Crucial to that was a mock community involving 20 bacteria developed by Highlander, said Dr. Kim Worley, associate professor in the Human Genome Sequencing Center. That community enabled experts in the Human Microbiome Project to develop analysis methods that enabled them to define the least and most common members of the microbial communities in samples where the DNA in the community varied ten-thousand fold between the most abundant and least abundant species. It also helped them fine tune methods for processing raw sequencing data.
"From some microbes, we did whole genome sequencing to get a better idea about the genes and therefore the functions provided by the different kinds of bugs," said Worley. "What's important? Is it the different species or is it that species in the mix have genes that carry out this or that function?"
In many instances, they used the conserved 16s ribosomal RNA gene to identify the different types of species of bacteria in a sample, which involved less sequencing.
"We participated in different phases of the sequencing", she said, "During the early Jumpstart phase, we finished a number of bacterial strains to use as references for this phase of the project." said Worley. "In total, we completed 191 bacterial genome sequences for the project that will be used as references for many ongoing and future human studies of the impact of the microbiome in health and disease. We also contributed to 16S and whole genome shotgun sequencing of the DNA from human samples."
Applications of the results to other analysis are ongoing. Versalovic is looking at how the microbiome is involved in chronic abdominal pain found in children and comparing the microbiomes in the intestines of children and adults as part of his work. He has published one study on the issue already and is hoping that the new microbiome information will further inform that work.
Aagaard has described the vaginal microbiome in pregnancy in a paper that appears today in the journal PLoS One. |
Answer the following prompts in complete sentences. HONORS students must incorporate a quote into their responses. Your responses should be well constructed and between 3-5 sentences in length. Use appropriate grammar and word choice.
A BLOCK: FRIDAY, 10/22
B BLOCK: FRIDAY, 10/22
1. Did Elie feel comfortable around his doctor? Why or why not?
2. Who was the Red Army? You might need to look this up to respond correctly.
3. Who is the Red Cross?
4. If you had been Elie, would you have left with your father or stayed? Why?
5. What did Wiesel mean when he wrote that "there were two of us: my body and I. I hated that body"(85)?
6. Why does Wiesel write that they had become the "masters of the world" (87)?
7. Why does Elie feel that Rabbi Eliahu's
8. What is Wiesel describing as a "trampled...eerily poignant little corpse" (95)?
9. How did Elie save his father's life? Why can this act seem ironic? |
जयपुर। नागौर में एक दुष्कर्म पीड़िता के मृत बच्चे का बार फिर एना सैंपल लिया गया है। ये सैम्पल दुष्कर्म के अपराधियों के एना सैम्पल से मैच कर रहा है या नहीं, जानने के लिए लिया है। अगस्त २०१६ में एक महिला ने शिक्षक कैलाश, पुलिसकर्मी कैलाश और एक अन्य व्यक्ति सहीराम पर गैंग रेप का आरोप लगाया था। इसके बाद ये महिला गर्भवती हो गई और उसने पिछले दिनों एक बच्चे को जन्म दिया था। इस बच्चे की बाद में मौत हो गई।
पुलिस की देखरेख में मृत बच्चे के लाश व को खोदकर बाहर निकाला गया और जन हॉस्पिटल के चिकित्सकों की टीम ने डीएनए सैम्पल लिए। सैम्पल लेने की पूरी प्रक्रिया के दौरान नागौर सम परसाराम और मकराना को पूनमचंद मौजूद थे।
बच्चे का एना सैम्पल पहले भी लिया गया था, लेकिन वह अपराधियों के एना से मैच नहीं हुआ था। इसके बाद महिला ने पुलिस पर अपराधियों से मिलीभगत का आरोप लगाया था। इसे देखते हुए दुबारा एना सैम्पल लिए गए है। |
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) include constellations of Earth-orbiting satellites that broadcast their locations in space and time, of networks of ground control stations, and of receivers that calculate ground positions by trilateration. GNSS are used in all forms of transportation: space stations, aviation, maritime, rail, road and mass transit. Positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) play a critical role in telecommunications, land surveying, law enforcement, emergency response, precision agriculture, mining, finance, scientific research and so on. They are used to control computer networks, air traffic, power grids and more.
At present GNSS include two fully operational global systems, the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Russian Federation's GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS), as well as the developing global and regional systems, namely Europe's European Satellite Navigation System (GALILEO) and China's COMPASS/Bei-Dou, India's Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) and Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS). Once all these global and regional systems become fully operational, the user will have access to positioning, navigation and timing signals from more than 100 satellites.
In addition to these, there are satellite-based augmentation systems, such as the United States' Wide-area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the Russian System of Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM), the Indian GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) and Japanese Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) Satellite-based Augmentation Systems (MSAS). Combining them with proven terrestrial technologies such as inertial navigation, will open the door to new applications for socio-economic benefits. The latter are applications that require not just accuracy, but in particular reliability or integrity. Safety-critical transportation applications, such as the landing of civilian aircraft, have stringent accuracy and integrity requirements.
The successful completion of the work of the International Committee on Global Navigation Systems (ICG), particularly in establishing interoperability among the global systems, will allow a GNSS user to utilize one instrument to receive signals from multiple systems of satellites. This will provide additional data, particularly in urban and mountainous regions, and greater accuracy in timing or position measurements. To benefit from these achievements, GNSS users need to stay abreast of the latest developments in GNSS-related areas and build the capacity to use the multi-GNSS signal.
Thus the specific objectives of the implementation of the GNSS priority area of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications are the demonstration and understanding of GNSS signals, codes, biases and practical applications, and the implications of prospective modernization. |
पश्चिमी रेलवे ने बुधवार को यत्रियों को बड़ी राहत दी। एलफिंस्टन रोड-परेल रेलवे स्टेशनों को जोड़नेवाले एफओबी को यात्रियों के लिए खोल दिया गया। इस एफओबी का काम पिछले साल शुरू हुआ था। गौरतलब है कि २९ सितंबर को एलफिन्सटन रोड एफओबी की सीढिय़ों पर भगदड़ मचने से २३ लोगों की मौत हो गई थी।
पश्चिम रेलवे के पीआरओ रविंद्र भाकर ने बताया कि इस एफओबी का निर्माण पूरा हो गया था और अब इसे यात्रियों के लिए खोल दिया गया है। उन्होंने आगे कहा कि इस एफओबी का निर्माण ९.८५ करोड़ रुपए की लागत से तैयार किया गया है। इससे एलफिन्सटन रोड-परेल स्टेशनों के बीच यात्रियों की आवाजाही और भी सुविधाजनक हो पाएगी।
आपको बता दें कि अभी हाल ही में परेल और एल्फिन्स्टन रेलवे स्टेशन को जोड़ने वाले नए ब्रिज का उदघाटन किया गया था। रेलवे के मुताबिक कि इस ब्रिज के खुल जाने से परेल और एलफिंस्टन को जोड़ने वाले अन्य ब्रिज पर यत्रियों का पड़ने वाला भार कम हो जायेगा। इस नए ब्रिज की चौड़ाई १२ मीटर है जबकि जो पुराना ब्रिज बना है वह ३२ मीटर लंबा और ५ मीटर चौड़ा है, उसे १९७२ में बनाया गया था।
इस ब्रिज का काम ७ नवंबर 201७ को शुरू हुआ था। यानि इस ब्रिज के लिए जो टेंडर निकाला गया था उसके ७ दिन के अंदर ही काम शुरु हो गया था। इस ब्रिज का काम जिस गति से हुआ शायद ही पश्चिम रेलवे के इतिहास में इतने कम समय में ब्रिज बना हो।
इस ब्रिज के बन जाने के बाद से एक एलफिंस्टन और परेल को जोड़ने वाले अब तीन ब्रिज हो गए हैं, पहला पुराना वाला ब्रिज, दूसरा जिसे सेना ने बनाया था और अब यह तीसरा ब्रिज।
इस ब्रिज को बनाने की मंजूरी २०१६ में मिली थी लेकिन अगर समय पर यह ब्रिज का काम शुरू हो जाता तो एलफिंस्टन हादसा टल सकता था। लेकिन ऐसा नहीं हुआ, इसे लेकर कई लोगों ने पश्चिम रेलवे को आदेश हाथों भी लिया था। |
कालचक्र: क्या भाजपा में वापस आ चुकी हैं उमा भारती?
हां, उमा की भाजपा में वापसी की अधिकारिक घोषणा नहीं हुई है. पर पार्टी अध्यक्ष गडकरी ने उनकी पार्टी में वापसी पर मुहर लगा दी है। इंदौर अधिवेशन के दौरान उमा की पार्टी में वापसी की घोषणा इसलिए नहीं हो पाई, क्योंकि पार्टी अधिवेशन से करीब सप्ताह भर पूर्व नागपुर स्थित संघ मुख्यालय में मोहन भागवत से मुलाकात कर चुकी उमा की खबरे मीडिया में आ गई। पार्टी के अंदर और बाहर तरह-तरह की चर्चाएं हुईं। आखिर निर्णय यह लिया गया कि फिलहाल उमा की पार्टी में वापसी की घोषणा टाल दी जाए। उचित मौका देकर घोषणा की जाएगी। लेकिन उमा तब संघ और भाजपा एजेंडा के मुताबिक सक्रिय होकर कार्य करें।
ज्ञात हो कि भाजपा अध्यक्ष नितिन गडकरी ने अध्यक्ष नियुक्त होने के बाद नागपुर में एक पत्रकार से अनौपचारिक बातचीत में कहा था कि वे पार्टी से बाहर गए जनाधार वाले दिग्गज नेताओं की घर वापसी चाहते हैं। बाद में जब यह मामला सुर्खियों में आया तो गडकरी ने कहा कि यदि पार्टी से निकले नेता पार्टी में दुबारा वापस आना चाहते हैं तो इस पर पार्टी और संबंधित नेता के राज्य स्तर की ईकाई से चर्चा करके ही निर्णय लिया जाएगा। उसके बाद फरवरी के दूसरे सप्ताह उमा संघ मुख्यालय में आकर मोहन भागवत से मुलाकात कर चुकी थीं। संघ सूत्रों और उमा भारती के नजदीकी लोगों ने भाजपा में उनकी वापसी की पुष्टि पहले ही कर दी है। |
Prime Ministers Andris Skele of Latvia and Tiit Vahi of Estonia met in Vilnius and agreed on a temporary compromise in the looming conflict over maritime border demarcation and fishing rights in the Gulf of Riga. Under the arrangement, valid until August 1, Latvia in effect accepts the demarcation line drawn by Estonia. However, Latvian trawlers will operate unrestricted in the major fishing grounds around Estonia’s Ruhnu island. (BNS, April 15)
Yeltsin Decree on Defense Privatization. |
Yesterday, I posted HERE about Pluto’s impending turn retrograde, set for tomorrow. I talked a little bit about what Pluto signifies in Astrology, and I also held forth somewhat about what retrograde periods might mean when they decide to settle in around us.
Today’s post is more purely aimed at fleshing out the specific character of Pluto.
So this is a Planet that was named after the Roman God of the Underworld. And while it might be a bit uncharitable to the Romans and their Deities to say this, most of the Roman Goddesses and Gods seem like barely updated versions of the earlier Greek Deities. Jupiter, the King of the Roman Gods, with his mighty thunderbolts, feels a lot like Zeus, the King of the Greek Gods…with his mighty thunderbolts… Mercury, the Roman Messenger-God with his winged sandals and magic caduceus-staff is the spitting image of Hermes, the Greek Messenger-God, with his winged sandals and his magic caduceus-staff… You probably get the picture.
But even though the Greek incarnations came first, it somehow transpired that we humans named the Planets of our solar system after the Roman versions of these mythic figures. You know the names: Venus, Mars, Saturn, Neptune…
And Pluto is no exception in all this: the Greeks had an incredibly similar Lord of the Underworld named Hades, but we named our far-distant, planetary system-mate after the Roman version. Still, it can be very instructive to examine one of the primary myths about Hades to understand more about the role that the Planet Pluto plays in Astrology.
To tell this particular story about Hades, though, is also to relate the story of Persephone, a young Goddess who would have a fateful encounter with the gloomy Lord of the Netherworld (whose nature would eventually be mapped onto our icy Pluto)…
So after the generation of Greek Gods known as the Olympians ascended to power, an age of growth took hold. The Olympians settled in to rule, and various species flourished down on the earthly level. One of the Olympians, Demeter, assumed the role of Goddess of Agriculture and of the Harvest, and so control of all green and growing things became her province.
Demeter was often helped in her agrarian efforts by her daughter, Persephone. An innocent and beautiful young Goddess-girl on the cusp of Goddess-womanhood, Persephone seemingly had little independence and identity of her own outside of being Demeter’s sheltered daughter.
One day, though, Persephone wandered down to Earth, and strolled about in a meadow all by herself. While there, she caught the eye of her grave uncle, Hades, who was watching from down below in his Underworld domain. Unable to fight back his loneliness and desire, Hades harnessed his chariot, raced up toward the surface, caused the earth to open up beneath Persephone, and he gathered her up as she fell, and brought her back to his dark realm below.
And as Persephone dealt with this abrupt and frightening turn of events, her mother was quick to notice her absence, and launched a frantic search for her. It took some time, but eventually, the Olympians learned that it was their own kinsman, Hades, who had abducted young Persephone. When Zeus, their King, demanded that Hades return the wayward Goddess to her home up above, Hades pointed out that while she was his guest, Persephone had eaten six pomegranate seeds…and no one living, not even the Olympian Deities, may eat of the food of the dead.
Zeus found himself caught in a real bind here, not wanting to reward Hades for kidnapping an innocent Goddess-girl and depriving Demeter of her beloved daughter, but also agreeing that the prohibition against the living eating food from the Land of the Dead was an important law that was not to be broken. He settled on a compromise: for every pomegranate seed that Persephone had eaten, she would have to spend one month per year below in the Underworld with Hades, while for the other six months of the year, she could roam Olympus and Earth as she pleased.
As is so often the way with compromises, no one was especially happy with this decision. Hades had only half of the companionship he’d been seeking, while Demeter was being forced to go without her daughter’s company for half of every year. In retaliation, Demeter declared that she would help nothing to grow for those intervals when Persephone was down below in the darkness – this is why we have the Autumn and Winter seasons each year, and why, when Persephone returns aboveground on the Vernal Equinox, we enter the warm and fruitful six months of Spring and Summer (obviously, the Greek tales originated with a society that lived in the Northern Hemisphere…).
Interestingly enough, though, while her abduction must have been fairly terrifying at the time, Persephone arguably benefitted from it. Where she’d once been little more than an extension of her mother, with no real identity and no real autonomy, Hades’ intervention transformed her into the powerful Queen of the Underworld. Almost overnight, she made quantum leaps forward in establishing a new role for herself, amassing a tremendous amount of personal power, and transforming from a young, naïve Goddess-girl to a fearsome, fully matured Goddess.
In Homer’s classic Greek tale, The Odyssey, the hero of the piece, Odysseus, is obliged at one point to travel to the Underworld, and he clearly states his desire to finish his errand and get gone back to the surface before “dread Persephone” puts in an appearance. And this was one of the greatest heroes of his time, fresh off the bloody horrors of ten years spent fighting in the Trojan War – Odysseus was arguably one of the least cowardly mortals then roaming the Greek landscape, but thoughts of even a three-minute encounter with the Mistress of the Underworld had him wanting to flee that dark place like an incontinent child…
In some tellings, Persephone even seems to become the true power in the Underworld, forcing Hades into a never-ending quest to win her forgiveness and her affections after having stolen her away from the bright, airy upper-world and the life she’d known there. In these versions of the tale, Hades spends the rest of his days in a vain effort trying to make his Queen smile and love him back.
So the point of all this is that when Pluto the Planet – named in roundabout fashion for Hades – becomes active in our lives, it’s possible that we might have to play the part of Hades himself in some dynamic. We might be called to grapple with our own long-denied hungers, to choose whether to exert our power over others, and to bump up against the limits of how much we truly value the consent of those others before we exercise our will upon them.
More likely, though, there’s an excellent chance that during times of Plutonian influence, we may in some manner be slotted to be on the receiving end of some version of the Persephone treatment. That is, Pluto energies may take us on a forced march into some scary Underworld of our own, to face whatever dwells down there in the dark. We may be ripped from our usual routines, and we may be sequestered for a time in some fairly dismal psychic locale. We may have to contend with the worse aspects of human nature, and we may have to make some truly hard choices.
But as with Persephone’s experience, the developments may not be exclusively bad here. Plutonian passages can allow for us to retrieve long-buried psychological material and then transmute it into something positive. They can also trigger profound transformation, and yield massively enhanced power and knowledge.
It’s not really possible to outrun Pluto’s influence, or to hide from the Lord of the Underworld – he comes for all of us at some point. When he does, though, what we can do is accept the challenges that these periods present us, and try to ride them through to some personal metamorphosis.
For this Pluto retrograde, you can prepare and cope by making use of such techniques as meditation, dream journaling, psychotherapy, visualization exercises, shamanic practices, and energy healing. Have faith in yourself, make wise choices about what to use as fuel during this retrograde interval, and accept that change is inevitable…but not necessarily “bad.” |
ROBERT COUCH KINNEY. – Oregon will always treasure with respect and admiration the memory of the men and women who came in the days when the Pacific Northwest was the home of savage tribes, mountain men and a few traders, to plant homes and lay the foundation of an empire on the waters of the Columbia. They dared much when they accepted the roll of pioneers to the Pacific. Some became notable for success, and developed character that gave standing to the new state; for the constitution and early legislation of Oregon showed statesmanship seldom equaled in the erection of a commonwealth.
Among those who preceded the gold excitement was Robert Couch Kinney, who illustrates the capacity of a new country to develop character and insure success. He was the son of a pioneer and nephew of another who went in early days to Illinois and inherited qualities necessary to success in a new country.
Mr. Kinney was born in St. Clair county, Illinois, July 4, 1813. At the age of twenty-five he married Eliza Lee Bigelow, who survives him, and moved to Burlington, Iowa. He went boating and afterwards ran steamboats on the Mississippi with success, then conceived the idea of founding a city, and located and helped build Bloomington, now the prosperous city of Muscatine, Iowa. He engaged there in milling, and acquired a knowledge of that business which he afterwards put to good use in Oregon. Early circumstances had not been favorable to education above the grade of the common schools; and circumstances here favored him. By arrangement with his partner he was off duty half the time, and employed the spare time in study and reading that gave him a general knowledge of law and literature. He made himself familiar with ancient history and the classics, and became familiar with writings of ancient days as well as with the literature of our own time. He studied the principles of commercial law with Judge Hastings, so well known later in California.
The banks of the Mississippi being unhealthy, he became interested in Oregon by correspondence with Barton Lee, the early pioneer, who so eloquently told the advantages of Oregon that in 1847 he and his brother Samuel and their families joined the company of General Palmer. They had a prosperous journey, and the same fall located the Donation land claim in Chehalem valley that will always bear his name. He lived there many years, always recognized as a man of character and judgment. When the constitutional convention was held, he was elected as a delegate from Yamhill county. His energy overcame difficulties that defeated others. He procured sheep from Doctor Tolmie of the Hudson’s Bay Company; so he possessed flocks and herds when only the fur company and mission were supposed to have them. He cared for his stock so as to realize all they could yield him. He saw the value of the country for fruit production, and set out sixteen hundred trees that in a few years yielded large returns. He procured a good work on horticulture, and mastered its contents, adopting the methods laid down in his orchard work with entire success.
He laid great stress on the value of education, and in 1857 moved to McMinnville to take advantage of the schools. His wide reading and conscientious regard for right principles and knowledge enabled him to be of use in those formative times. In the constitutional convention he was influential, though not officious, and made a specialty of three points. One was against slavery, another was to provide public schools, and the other to prohibit large state indebtedness. By the influence of men like him, these provisions were incorporated in our fundamental law. His progressive spirit was seen in railroad affairs, as he was one of the first to attempt corporate organization. What was then the Oregon Central and is now part of the Southern Pacific system was organized by his help. The first meeting was at his house; and his son Marshall was its secretary in 1868.
As years went by and his sons grew up, Mr. Kinney’s enterprise took broader shape. In 1862 he bought in and run a flouring- mill opposite Portland, and in 1863 started a business house at Umatilla to help the flouring-mill. In 1867 he moved to Salem, having bought an interest in the Willamette Woolen Mills. That move started there at an early day. The same company owned a large flouring-mill in upper town; and, as Mr. Kinney realized that the future of this mill was more certain than that of the factory, he traded his bulk of stock to the company for stock in the mill company, and became its manager.
Mr. Kinney now had a large and prosperous business, and found room for all his business sagacity. Assisted by his sons in the Salem Flouring Mills Company, he built up an immense trade in flour and grain. They had branches at Portland, San Francisco and Liverpool. They shipped many cargoes of flour to Europe; and the first full cargo of Oregon flour was sent by them to Liverpool.
In March, 1875, Robert C. Kinney died from the effects of an accident that occurred while visiting his ranch in Eastern Oregon. He had a powerful physique, was rather tall, and very large and heavy. Great size distinguishes the family. When working some farm machinery, he received a fall that did not seem dangerous; but he never recovered. His kindly face was no longer seen on Salem thoroughfares; and for weeks and months he kept to the house. One day the news spread that “Rob Kinney” was dead, casting a shadow on the hearts of thousands. as to the writer of this, that so kind a friend and so good a man had left us, we felt that he was “not lost, but gone before.”
We have shown Robert Couch Kinney as a man of affairs who had risen from common life to affluence and high standing. There was seldom failure in his plans; because he planned with judgment. He was cautious while he seemed bold; for he understood the situation. Few men are so balanced in mind and capable to plan and execute as he was. But there is a pleasanter phase to his character than even the possession of ripe judgment and the realization of success, a phase that all who love his memory will dwell upon with warm appreciation. We will now look on the traits that make his memory precious to many, and leave no trace of rancor in any human soul.
R.C. Kinney was kindly by nature, and was always ready to assist the needy. In his charities and kindly acts, as in his business life, he was prudent and sagacious. He was a manly man, and admired true character. He was not apt to waste means on the unworthy, but was a sincere friend of religion and education, and did his part to maintain public and private charity. He felt no sympathy with immoral lives or vulgar traits; for he was essentially a man of pure life, a Christian in word and deed. He assisted many while he lived, and was unfriendly to none. He was original in mind, and had a foresight that came from study and observation. He was in almost every respect equal to his opportunity, which can be said of few mortals.
The stone that marks his grave was procured from Scotland, a massive, polished shaft of Aberdeen granite. One side bears imperishable testimony of the love and reverence of his children in the single word, “Father.” After his death the business was conducted by his sons. The eldest, Albert, resided in charge in Salem, where he died in 1881. It answers the full need of his deservings to say that he was the worthy son of such a father, and possessed in an eminent degree the traits that marked the life of his sire. It is not easy to say more, and not just to his memory to say less.
Mrs. Kinney survives to a kindly old age to share the devotion of her children. Of the survivors, Mary J., the widow of J.H. Smith, resides at Harrisburg, Oregon. August Couch, a graduate of Belleville College, New York, is a practicing physician at Astoria. Marshall Johnson, who has been distinguished for business sagacity, is engaged in Salem in the canning and milling business, and is in other business at Astoria. Alfred Coleman, who is a surgeon by instinct and a successful physician, practices his profession at Astoria. Josephine Florence Walker is the wife of a business man in San Francisco. William Sylvester carries on extensive lumber manufacture at the mouth of the Columbia. Eliza Lee is the wife of Doctor John Payton, and lives at Drain, Oregon. All bear testimony in the character of their lives that they came from a sterling race that leaves the world the better for their having lived and labored in it. |
Eczema in children: everything you need to know
A common disease with solutions to provide soothing relief
It itches and can even make your children a bit irritable: no one wants their child to have to deal with eczema. A basic understanding of the condition, however, will reveal just how common it is but also that treatments can help improve outcomes. The first approach to fight against eczema is to develop your understanding of the disease and to bust certain myths.
What does eczema in children look like?
There are several different types of eczema, but atopic eczema is the most common, so we will start there.
Atopic eczema in children
Atopic eczema is also known as atopic dermatitis. Both terms refer to the same condition. Let’s start with its characteristics.
Atopic eczema symptoms
- Dry or very dry skin
- Red patches
- Thickening of the skin
- Marks from scratching
Red patches appear and can quickly become covered in little vesicles. They then ooze, which causes scabs to form when this fluid dries. All throughout this progression, the eczema patches itch and produce an overwhelming urge to scratch. Fortunately, flare-ups are followed by periods of remission: atopic eczema presents in alternating periods of flare-ups and remission.
How long will my child have atopic eczema?
Over time, eczema flare-ups are likely to become less frequent. In all likelihood, your child’s eczema will go away by the time they are a teenager, but it could continue into adulthood.
Where on the body are patches located?
In children with atopy, eczema patches most often appear in the folds of the elbows and knees and on the wrists and ankles, but other areas of the body can also be affected.
How to alleviate your child’s atopic eczema
There is no cure for atopic eczema, which means you cannot prevent flare-ups from coming back. But you can provide suitable treatment for flare-ups. Indeed, you can treat eczema in order to provide soothing relief and even reduce the frequency of flare-ups.
Treat it as fast as possible:
The sooner you act, the better your chances of alleviating and delaying the onset of the next flare-up.
A combination of two treatments is used to reduce the frequency and severity of atopic dermatitis flare-ups.
Calm flare-ups with an extinguishing treatment
Delay the onset of the next flare-up: repair your skin
Emollient skin care
Adjusting your daily habits
There are a thousand little things you can do to improve life with atopic eczema and reduce flare-ups. Tips on how to scratch less, simple ways to talk about it at school, or things you should avoid doing and activities you can absolutely enjoy if you take the proper precautions!
Why does my child have atopic eczema?
Atopic eczema is caused by a malfunction in the skin and in the defense mechanisms: your child has atopic skin. Atopic skin is more porous than normal skin and is thus unable to act as a proper barrier. What is more, it is abnormally reactive to its environment... This causes red patches to appear, along with itchy flare-ups.
Inflammation is triggered by a combination of environmental factors, allergens, irritants, microbes, scratching, overheating, etc.
A genetic predisposition
This hypersensitivity to the environment, known as atopy, is hereditary and thus runs in the family.
Keep an eye out for other types of atopy
Atopic eczema is a sign that your child has atopy, which means their skin is hypersensitive to the environment. They could, therefore, develop other manifestations of atopy, such as asthma. Symptoms of asthma include nighttime coughing, wheezing or shortness of breath during physical activity.
Other forms of atopy:
Contact eczema in children
An allergic reaction
Although atopic eczema is by far the most common, there is another type of eczema known as allergic contact eczema. This type of eczema differs from atopic eczema in terms of its onset. It is an allergic reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with a given substance: costume jewelry or a shower gel, for example.
Solutions and treatments
Eczema is treated with topical corticosteroids. To prevent recurrence, however, you must identify the triggering allergen so that you can avoid it in the future. Some simple questions can sometimes help to identify the allergen, but allergy tests do a better job of unveiling the culprit. |
Manipulating Files and Directories
Tcl 7.6 added file operations to copy files, delete files, rename files, and create directories. In earlier versions it was necessary to exec other programs to do these things, except on Macintosh, where cp, rm, mv, mkdir, and rmdir were built in. These commands are no longer supported on the Macintosh. Your scripts should use the file command operations described below to manipulate files in a platform-independent way.
File name patterns are not directly supported by the file operations. Instead, you can use the glob command described on page 115 to get a list of file names that match a pattern.
The file copy operation copies files and directories. The following example copies file1 to file2. If file2 already exists, the operation raises an error unless the -force option is specified:
file copy ?-force? file1 file2
Several files can be copied into a destination directory. The names of the source files are preserved. The -force option indicates that files under directory can be replaced:
file copy ?-force? file1 file2 ... directory
Directories can be recursively copied. The -force option indicates that files under dir2 can be replaced:
file copy ?-force? dir1 dir2
The file mkdir operation creates one or more directories:
file mkdir dir dir ...
It is not an error if the directory already exists. Furthermore, intermediate directories are created if needed. This means that you can always make sure a directory exists with a single mkdir operation. Suppose /tmp has no subdirectories at all. The following command creates /tmp/sub1 and /tmp/sub1/sub2:
file mkdir /tmp/sub1/sub2
The -force option is not understood by file mkdir, so the following command -accidentally creates a folder named -force, as well as one named oops.
file mkdir -force oops
The file delete operation deletes files and directories. It is not an error if the files do not exist. A non-empty directory is not deleted unless the -force option is specified, in which case it is recursively deleted:
file delete ?-force? name name ...
To delete a file or directory named -force, you must specify a nonexistent file before the -force to prevent it from being interpreted as a flag (-force -force won't work):
file delete xyzzy -force
Renaming Files and Directories
The file rename operation changes a file's name from old to new. The -force option causes new to be replaced if it already exists.
file rename ?-force? old new
Using file rename is the best way to update an existing file. First, generate the new version of the file in a temporary file. Then, use file rename to replace the old version with the new version. This ensures that any other programs that access the file will not see the new version until it is complete. |
हर माता-पिता अपने बच्चे को बड़ा होते देखना चाहते हैं। लेकिन उसका पहला जन्मदिन बहुत खास होता है। और अगर वो नवाब हो तो क्या ही कहने। जी हां। तैमूर अली खान, सैफ अली खान और करीना कपूर खान का नवाब बेटा एक साल का हो चुका है। २० दिसंबर के दिन उनका जन्मदिन था। उनके बर्थडे की कुछ तस्वीरें आई हैं।
इस फोटो में तैमूर की दादी यानी शर्मिला टैगोर उन्हें केक काटने से रोक रही हैं। वो काफी एक्साइटेड नजर आ रहे हैं। करीना और सैफ भी हैं साथ में।
सैफ और करीना ने तैमूर का पहला जन्मदिन बहुत सादगी से मनाया। इसके बावजूद भी तस्वीरें वायरल हो गईं। उन्होंने इस सेलिब्रेशन से मीडिया को दूर रखा था।
गुरुग्राम के पास पटौदी नाम का एक शहर है। इस शहर से सैफ का पुराना नाता है। भैया, पुश्तैनी शहर है ये उनका। वह पटौदी के नवाब हैं। यहां पटौदी भवन हैं, सैफ का घर। यहीं मनाया गया तैमूर का जन्मदिन।
अमृता अरोड़ा, करिश्मा कपूर और करीना कपूर खान की बहुत गहरी दोस्ती है। अमृता भी इस पार्टी का हिस्सा बनी थीं। उन्होंने ये फोटो शेयर की है। |
अमृतमाला के इस पाठ में हम कुछ नीति के श्लोक पढ़ेंगे। ये हमें संस्कृत सीखाने में तो सहायक होंगे ही, साथ ही साथ, ये श्लोक हमें नीति का ज्ञान भी देंगे। इन श्लोकों को चाणक्य नीति से लिया गया है। चाणक्य नीति विष्णुगुप्त चाणक्य द्वारा रचित एक महान नीति ग्रंथ है। चाणक्य नीति में नीति, व्यवहार व राजनीति की शिक्षा देने वाले अनेक श्लोक हैं। इस पाठ में हम वर्ण की गणना करना भी सीखेंगे। श्लोक कैसे बनता है? श्लोक में वर्ण कैसे गिनते हैं? अनुष्टुप छंद को भी हम देखेंगे।
सुकुले योजयेत् कन्याम् पुत्रम् विद्यासु योजयेत्।
व्यसने योजयेत् शत्रुम् मित्रम् धर्मे नियोजयेत् ।।
मनसा चिन्तितम् कार्यम् वाचा नैव प्रकाशयेत्।
मन्त्रवत् रक्षयेत् गूढम् कार्ये चाऽपि नियोजयेत्।।
शैले शैले न माणिक्यम् मौक्तिकम् न गजे गजे।
साधवः न हि सर्वत्र चन्दनम् न वने वने ।।
परोक्षे कार्यहन्तारम् प्रत्यक्षे प्रियवादिनम्।
वर्जतेत् तादृशम् मित्रम् विषकुम्भम् पयोमुखम्।। |
Eating Fatty Foods During Pregnancy Linked to Breast Cancer in Offspring
In the "Well This Really Sucks" department, a new study has found that women who eat a lot of fatty foods during pregnancy increase their daughters' -- and even their granddaughters' -- chances of getting breast cancer, the UK's Daily Mail reports.
Now we've gotta worry about what our grandmas ate?
Apparently so. According to research by scientists at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., eating an unhealthy diet can "permanently alter the cells of an unborn baby -- and future generations." Based on the findings, Britain's National Health Service is recommending that pregnant women do not "eat for two" and that they avoid fatty foods.
The Georgetown researchers fed pregnant rats either a normal diet or one much higher in fat. Even when the daughters and granddaughters of the mice who ate fatty foods were fed a healthy diet, they were found to have a significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
A fatty diet is linked to higher levels of the female sex hormone estrogen, which has been implicated in breast cancer.
While the findings have not been confirmed in humans, lead author Dr Sonia de Assis said: "What a mother eats or is exposed to during pregnancy can increase her daughter's breast cancer risk. What we found for the first time is that increased breast cancer risk of those daughters can be passed down to granddaughters and even great-granddaughters and that is without any further exposures."
The researchers, who published their study in Nature Communications, believe their findings could explain why breast cancer tends to run in families, yet most cases are not genetic. They believe diet and chemical exposures in the womb can switch on or off certain genes permanently for generations, a process called epigenetics.
All of the rat offspring in the Georgetown study appeared normal, but those exposed to high-fat diets had more terminal end buds -- structures in breast tissue linked to cancer that both rats and humans have.
When exposed to a cancer-causing agent, those rats developed more breast tumors than the rats whose mothers ate healthily (fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean protein).
Thanks for eating all of that deviled ham-cheese dip, Grandma.
Want more Squid Ink? Follow us on Twitter or like us on Facebook, and follow Samantha Bonar at @samanthabonar.
Get the Food & Drink Newsletter
Our weekly guide to Los Angeles dining includes food news and reviews, as well as dining events and interviews with chefs and restaurant owners. |
Inspired by mom... our most supportive woman
Sophia Rose was created by two sisters, Adelene and Carolyn, who were frustrated with the lingerie shopping experience experienced by their mom after she underwent a mastectomy. Not only was shopping for lingerie incredibly alienating, but the few options in the market were plain, utilitarian and downright uncomfortable.
This journey inspired them to make a change in the world of women's intimates by creating a lingerie brand without prejudice, one that has 9 unique features that cater to all women. So now, it doesn't matter if you have had a mastectomy, reconstruction, have your natural breasts, or anything else in between, all women can wear the same lingerie: Sophia Rose Intimates!
Since she was little, Adelene has had a passion for design and fashion. She draws inspiration for her work through different styles of art and is thrilled to be able to use her lifelong passion to create beautiful intimates that make women feel confident, comfortable, and radiant.
Carolyn is the perfect partner for Adelene. She has an entrepreneurial spirit and loves being able to channel these gifts to ensure Sophia Rose Intimates is a line known for its quality, comfort, and style. |
A detailed inventory of land use and land cover is required to optimize land and water management. Nature conservancy, erosion control, and appropriate water management are typical examples of applications where ultra-high resolution of vegetation is required. Especially change detection over shorter (days to weeks) or longer (seasons, years) time periods provides essential information for responsive management.
HiView’s Flying Sensors can deliver resolutions up to 2 cm to be used to monitor vegetation and changes in land cover. Such an ultra-high resolution, in combination with a flexible timing of the image acquisition and HiView’s advanced interpretation software, deliver the most accurate and detailed vegetation information available today. |
Click here to view the New Hampshire Registration of Criminal Offenders Search
Megan's Law is named after seven-year-old Megan Kanka, a New Jersey girl who was raped and killed in 1994 by a twice convicted sexual offender who had moved in across the street from the Kankas--without their knowledge.
On May 17, 1996, President Clinton signed the Federal "Megan's Law," which required the release of relevant information to protect the public from sexually violent offenders.
ew Hampshire's Megan's Law arms the public with certain information on the whereabouts of dangerous sex offenders so that local communities may protect themselves and their children.
The availability of this information is designed to enhance public safety and awareness. |
A medical device is any apparatus, appliance, software, material, or other article—whether used alone or in combination, including the software intended by its manufacturer to be used specifically for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes and necessary for its proper application—intended by the manufacturer to be used for human beings for the purpose of:
Medical devices vary according to their intended use and indications. Examples range from simple devices such as tongue depressors, medical thermometers, and disposable gloves to advanced devices such as computers which assist in the conduct of medical testing, implants, and prostheses. Items as intricate as housings for cochlear implants are manufactured through the deep drawn and shallow drawn manufacturing processes. The design of medical devices constitutes a major segment of the field of biomedical engineering.
The global medical device market reached roughly $209 billion in 2006.
Medical device manufacturing requires a level of process control according to the classification of the device. Higher risk; more controls. When in the initial R&D phase, manufacturers are now beginning to design for manufacturability. This means products can be more precision-engineered to for production to result in shorter lead times, tighter tolerances and more advanced specifications and prototypes. These days, with the aid of CAD or modelling platforms, the work is now much faster, and this can act also as a tool for strategic design generation as well as a marketing tool.
Failure to meet cost targets will lead to substantial losses for an organisation. In addition, with global competition, the R&D of new devices is not just a necessity, it is an imperative for medical device manufacturers. The realisation of a new design can be very costly, especially with the shorter product life cycle. As technology advances, there is typically a level of quality, safety and reliability that increases exponentially with time.
For example, initial models of the artificial cardiac pacemaker were external support devices that transmits pulses of electricity to the heart muscles via electrode leads on the chest. The electrodes contact the heart directly through the chest, allowing stimulation pulses to pass through the body. Recipients of this typically suffered infection at the entrance of the electrodes, which led to the subsequent trial of the first internal pacemaker, with electrodes attached to the myocardium by thoracotomy. Future developments led to the isotope-power source that would last for the lifespan of the patient.
Based on the New Approach, rules that relate to safety and performance of medical devices were harmonised in the EU in the 1990s. The New Approach, defined in a European Council Resolution of May 1985, represents an innovative way of technical harmonisation. It aims to remove technical barriers to trade and dispel the consequent uncertainty for economic operators, to facilitate free movement of goods inside the EU.
The core legal framework consists of three directives:
They aim at ensuring a high level of protection of human health and safety and the good functioning of the Single Market. These three main directives have been supplemented over time by several modifying and implementing directives, including the last technical revision brought about by Directive 2007/47 EC.
Directive 2007/47/EC defines a medical device as (paraphrasing): Any instrument, apparatus, appliance, software, material or other article, whether used alone or in combination, together with any accessories, including the software intended by its manufacturer to be used specifically for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes and necessary for its proper application, intended by the manufacturer to be used for human beings for the purpose of:
This includes devices that do not achieve their principal intended action in or on the human body by pharmacological, immunological, or metabolic means—but may be assisted in their function by such means.
The government of each Member State must appoint a competent authority responsible for medical devices. The competent authority (CA) is a body with authority to act on behalf of the member state to ensure that member state government transposes requirements of medical device directives into national law and applies them. The CA reports to the minister of health in the member state. The CA in one Member State has no jurisdiction in any other member state, but exchanges information and tries to reach common positions.
In the UK, for example, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) acts as a CA. In Italy it is the Ministero Salute (Ministry of Health) Medical devices must not be mistaken with medicinal products. In the EU, all medical devices must be identified with the CE mark.
In September 2012, the European Commission proposed new legislation aimed at enhancing safety, traceability, and transparency.
Medical machine, contrivance, implant, in vitro reagent, or other similar or related article, including a component part, or accessory that is:
On September 25, 2013 the FDA released a draft guidance document for regulation of mobile medical applications, to clarify what kind of mobile apps related to health would not be regulated, and which would be.
The term medical devices, as defined in the Food and Drugs Act, covers a wide range of health or medical instruments used in the treatment, mitigation, diagnosis or prevention of a disease or abnormal physical condition. Health Canada reviews medical devices to assess their safety, effectiveness, and quality before authorizing their sale in Canada.
The regulatory authorities recognize different classes of medical devices based on their design complexity, their use characteristics, and their potential for harm if misused. Each country or region defines these categories in different ways. The authorities also recognize that some devices are provided in combination with drugs, and regulation of these combination products takes this factor into consideration.
The Medical Devices Bureau of Health Canada recognizes four classes of medical devices based on the level of control necessary to assure the safety and effectiveness of the device. Class I devices present the lowest potential risk and do not require a licence. Class II devices require the manufacturer's declaration of device safety and effectiveness, whereas Class III and IV devices present a greater potential risk and are subject to in-depth scrutiny. A guidance document for device classification is published by Health Canada.
Canadian classes of medical devices correspond to the European Council Directive 93/42/EEC (MDD) devices:
Under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recognizes three classes of medical devices, based on the level of control necessary to assure safety and effectiveness. The classification procedures are described in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, part 860 (usually known as 21 CFR 860). The USFDA allows for two regulatory pathways that allow the marketing of medical devices. The first, and by far the most common is the so-called 510(k) process (named after the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act section that describes the process). A new medical device that can be demonstrated to be "substantially equivalent" to a previously legally marketed device can be "cleared" by the FDA for marketing as long as the general and special controls, as described below, are met. The vast majority of new medical devices (99%) enter the marketplace via this process. The 510(k) pathway rarely requires clinical trials. The second regulatory pathway for new medical devices is the Premarket Approval process, described below, which is similar to the pathway for a new drug approval. Typically, clinical trials are required for this premarket approval pathway.
Class I devices are subject to the least regulatory control. Class I devices are subject to "General Controls" as are Class II and Class III devices. General controls include provisions that relate to adulteration; misbranding; device registration and listing; premarket notification; banned devices; notification, including repair, replacement, or refund; records and reports; restricted devices; and good manufacturing practices. Class I devices are not intended to help support or sustain life or be substantially important in preventing impairment to human health, and may not present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury. Most Class I devices are exempt from the premarket notification and a few are also exempted from most good manufacturing practices regulation. Examples of Class I devices include elastic bandages, examination gloves, and hand-held surgical instruments.
Class II devices are those for which general controls alone cannot assure safety and effectiveness, and existing methods are available that provide such assurances. In addition to complying with general controls, Class II devices are also subject to special controls. A few Class II devices are exempt from the premarket notification. Special controls may include special labeling requirements, mandatory performance standards and postmarket surveillance. Devices in Class II are held to a higher level of assurance than Class I devices, and are designed to perform as indicated without causing injury or harm to patient or user. Examples of Class II devices include acupuncture needles, powered wheelchairs, infusion pumps, air purifiers, and surgical drapes.
A Class III device is one for which insufficient information exists to assure safety and effectiveness solely through the general or special controls sufficient for Class I or Class II devices. Such a device needs premarket approval, a scientific review to ensure the device's safety and effectiveness, in addition to the general controls of Class I. Class III devices are usually those that support or sustain human life, are of substantial importance in preventing impairment of human health, or present a potential, unreasonable risk of illness or injury. Examples of Class III devices that currently require a premarket notification include implantable pacemaker, pulse generators, HIV diagnostic tests, automated external defibrillators, and endosseous implants.
The classification of medical devices in the European Union is outlined in Article IX of the Council Directive 93/42/EEC. There are basically four classes, ranging from low risk to high risk.
The authorization of medical devices is guaranteed by a Declaration of Conformity. This declaration is issued by the manufacturer itself, but for products in Class Is, Im, IIa, IIb or III, it must be verified by a Certificate of Conformity issued by a Notified Body. A Notified Body is a public or private organisation that has been accredited to validate the compliance of the device to the European Directive. Medical devices that pertain to class I (on condition they do not require sterilization or do not measure a function) can be marketed purely by self-certification.
The European classification depends on rules that involve the medical device's duration of body contact, invasive character, use of an energy source, effect on the central circulation or nervous system, diagnostic impact, or incorporation of a medicinal product. Certified medical devices should have the CE mark on the packaging, insert leaflets, etc.. These packagings should also show harmonised pictograms and EN standardised logos to indicate essential features such as instructions for use, expiry date, manufacturer, sterile, don't reuse, etc.
The classification of medical devices in Australia is outlined in section 41BD of the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 and Regulation 3.2 of the Therapeutic Goods Regulations 2002, under control of the Therapeutic Goods Administration. Similarly to the EU classification, they rank in several categories, by order of increasing risk and associated required level of control. Various rules identify the device's category
|Classification||Level of Risk|
|Class I - measuring or Class I - supplied sterile or class IIa||Low - medium|
|Class IIb||Medium - high|
|Active implantable medical devices (AIMD)||High|
Medical devices such as pacemakers, insulin pumps, operating room monitors, defibrillators, and surgical instruments, including deep-brain stimulators, can incorporate the ability to transmit vital health information from a patient's body to medical professionals. Some of these devices can be remotely controlled. This has engendered concern about privacy and security issues, human error, and technical glitches with this technology. While only a few studies have looked at the susceptibility of medical devices to hacking, there is a risk. In 2008, computer scientists proved that pacemakers and defibrillators can be hacked wirelessly via radio hardware, an antenna, and a personal computer. These researchers showed they could shut down a combination heart defibrillator and pacemaker and reprogram it to deliver potentially lethal shocks or run out its battery. Jay Radcliff, a security researcher interested in the security of medical devices, raised fears about the safety of these devices. He shared his concerns at the Black Hat security conference. Radcliff fears that the devices are vulnerable and has found that a lethal attack is possible against those with insulin pumps and glucose monitors. Some medical device makers downplay the threat from such attacks and argue that the demonstrated attacks have been performed by skilled security researchers and are unlikely to occur in the real world. At the same time, other makers have asked software security experts to investigate the safety of their devices. As recently as June 2011, security experts showed that by using readily available hardware and a user manual, a scientist could both tap into the information on the system of a wireless insulin pump in combination with a glucose monitor. With the PIN of the device, the scientist could wirelessly control the dosage of the insulin. Anand Raghunathan, a researcher in this study, explains that medical devices are getting smaller and lighter so that they can be easily worn. The downside is that additional security features would put an extra strain on the battery and size and drive up prices. Dr. William Maisel offered some thoughts on the motivation to engage in this activity. Motivation to do this hacking might include acquisition of private information for financial gain or competitive advantage; damage to a device manufacturer's reputation; sabotage; intent to inflict financial or personal injury or just satisfaction for the attacker. Researchers suggest a few safeguards. One would be to use rolling codes. Another solution is to use a technology called "body-coupled communication" that uses the human skin as a wave guide for wireless communication. On 28 December 2016 the US Food and Drug Administration released its recommendations that are not legally enforceable for how medical device manufacturers should maintain the security of Internet-connected devices.
The ISO standards for medical devices are covered by ICS 11.100.20 and 11.040.01. The quality and risk management regarding the topic for regulatory purposes is convened by ISO 13485 and ISO 14971. ISO 13485:2003 is applicable to all providers and manufacturers of medical devices, components, contract services and distributors of medical devices. The standard is the basis for regulatory compliance in local markets, and most export markets. Additionally, ISO 9001:2008 sets precedence because it signifies that a company engages in the creation of new products. It requires that the development of manufactured products have an approval process and a set of rigorous quality standards and development records before the product is distributed. Further standards are IEC 60601-1 which is for electrical devices (mains-powered as well as battery powered), EN 45502-1 which is for Active implantable medical devices, and IEC 62304 for medical software. The US FDA also published a series of guidances for industry regarding this topic against 21 CFR 820 Subchapter H—Medical Devices. Subpart B includes quality system requirements, an important component of which are design controls (21 CFR 820.30). To meet the demands of these industry regulation standards, a growing number of medical device distributors are putting the complaint management process at the forefront of their quality management practices. This approach further mitigates risks and increases visibility of quality issues.
Starting in the late 1980s the FDA increased its involvement in reviewing the development of medical device software. The precipitant for change was a radiation therapy device (Therac-25) that overdosed patients because of software coding errors. FDA is now focused on regulatory oversight on medical device software development process and system-level testing.
A 2011 study by Dr. Diana Zuckerman and Paul Brown of the National Research Center for Women and Families, and Dr. Steven Nissen of the Cleveland Clinic, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, showed that most medical devices recalled in the last five years for "serious health problems or death" had been previously approved by the FDA using the less stringent, and cheaper, 510(k) process. In a few cases the devices had been deemed so low-risk that they did not need FDA regulation. Of the 113 devices recalled, 35 were for cardiovascular issues. This may lead to a reevaluation of FDA procedures and better oversight.
In 2014-2015 a new international agreement, the Medical Device Single Audit Program (MDSAP), was put in place with five participant countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Japan, and the United States. The aim of this program was to "develop a process that allows a single audit, or inspection to ensure the medical device regulatory requirements for all five countries are satisfied".
Medical device packaging is highly regulated. Often medical devices and products are sterilized in the package. Sterility must be maintained throughout distribution to allow immediate use by physicians. A series of special packaging tests measure the ability of the package to maintain sterility. Relevant standards include:
Medical device cleanliness has come under greater scrutiny since 2000, when Sulzer Orthopedics recalled several thousand metal hip implants that contained a manufacturing residue. Based on this event, ASTM established a new task group (F04.15.17) for established test methods, guidance documents, and other standards to address cleanliness of medical devices. This task group has issued two standards for permanent implants to date: 1. ASTM F2459: Standard test method for extracting residue from metallic medical components and quantifying via gravimetric analysis 2. ASTM F2847: Standard Practice for Reporting and Assessment of Residues on Single Use Implants 3. ASTM F3172: Standard Guide for Validating Cleaning Processes Used During the Manufacture of Medical Devices
In addition, the cleanliness of re-usable devices has led to a series of standards, including:
The ASTM F04.15.17 task group is working on several new standards that involve designing implants for cleaning, selection and testing of brushes for cleaning reusable devices, and cleaning assessment of medical devices made by additive manufacturing. Additionally, the FDA is establishing new guidelines for reprocessing reusable medical devices, such as orthoscopic shavers, endoscopes, and suction tubes.
With the rise of smartphone usage in the medical space, in 2013, the FDA issued to regulate mobile medical applications and protect users from their unintended use, soon followed by European and other regulatory agencies. This guidance distinguishes the apps subjected to regulation based on the marketing claims of the apps. Incorporation of the guidelines during the development phase of such apps can be considered as developing a medical device; the regulations have to adapt and propositions for expedite approval may be required due to the nature of 'versions' of mobile application development.
None of the audio/visual content is hosted on this site. All media is embedded from other sites such as GoogleVideo, Wikipedia, YouTube etc. Therefore, this site has no control over the copyright issues of the streaming media.
All issues concerning copyright violations should be aimed at the sites hosting the material. This site does not host any of the streaming media and the owner has not uploaded any of the material to the video hosting servers. Anyone can find the same content on Google Video or YouTube by themselves.
The owner of this site cannot know which documentaries are in public domain, which has been uploaded to e.g. YouTube by the owner and which has been uploaded without permission. The copyright owner must contact the source if he wants his material off the Internet completely. |
बाड़मेर देश पर मर मिटने का जज्बा होना चाहिएः कौर - हफ़्ते की बात '+ल+"
यह बात सोमवार को नेहरू युवा केन्द्र, बाड़मेर द्वारा किसान कन्या छात्रावास में भगतसिंह, राजगुरू व सुखदेव के शहीद दिवस पर आयोजित कार्यक्रम में व्यवस्थापिका अमृत कौर ने कही। उन्होंने कहा कि शहीदों ने हमेशा देश का हित सर्वोपरि माना है। उन्होंने कहा कि भगतसिंह, राजगुरू व सुखदेव जैसे शहीदों से देशवासियों को प्रेरणा लेनी चाहिए।
जिला युवा समन्वयक ओम प्रकाश जोशी ने कहा कि शहीदों ने अगर देश के लिए बलिदान नहीं दिया होता तो हम आज देशवासी स्वतंत्र व आजादी से जीने की कल्पना भी नहीं कर सकते थे। उन्होंने कहा कि शहीदों ने देश को आजाद कराने के लिए व युवा पीढ़ी का भविष्य सुरक्षित करने के लिए योजनाबद्ध तरीके से किया, अपने प्राणों का बलिदान दिया। कार्यक्रम को संबोधित करते हुए जिला साक्षरता कार्यालय के जिला समन्वयक राजेश जोशी ने कहा कि शहीदों ने अपनी सारी खुशियां देश के लिए त्याग दी। देश के हित को अपना हित माना। यह जज्बा प्रत्येक देशवासी में होना चाहिए। कार्यक्रम में फतेहसिंह, सोनाराम के जाट ने संबोधित किया।
प्रतियोगिता का आयोजनः किसान कन्या छात्रावास में शहीद भगतसिंह, राजगुरू व सुखदेव के शहीद दिवस पर चित्रकला, निबंध प्रश्नोतरी कार्यक्रम का आयोजन रखा गया। इस अवसर पर चित्रकला प्रतियोगिता मे प्रथम सीरू, द्वितीय बसंती व तृतीय जसवंत रही। इसी तरह निबंध प्रश्नोतरी कार्यक्रम में प्रथम कृष्णा, द्वितीय किरण व तृतीय परमेश्वरी रही। |
बांदा। जनपदीय क्रिकेट प्रतियोगिता का उद्घाटन मैच सनी स्पोर्टिंग क्रिकेट क्लब ने एमसीसी क्रिकेट क्लब को ४० रनों से पराजित कर अगले दौर में प्रवेश किया। प्रतियोगिता में ८ टीमें प्रतिभाग कर रही हैं। बुधवार को क्षेत्रीय क्रीड़ा कार्यालय के तत्वाधान में आयोजित तीन दिवसीय जनपद स्तरीय क्रिकेट प्रतियोगिता की शुरूआत खिलाड़ियों द्वारा किए गए सामूहिक राष्ट्रगान से हुई। उद्घाटन जिला अर्थ एवं संख्याधिकारी आरडी यादव ने किया। टास जीतकर पहले बल्लेबाजी करते हुए सनी स्पोर्टिंग क्लब ने अमित के ३५ और हैदर के २० रनों की बदौलत निर्धारित १५ ओवर में ९९ रनों का स्कोर बनाया। एमसीसी के बालर हरिओम ने तीन विकेट लिए। जवाब में एमसीसी क्रिकेट क्लब की पूरी टीम ५९ रनों पर सिमट गई। बल्लेबाज विशाल ने २९ रनों का योगदान दिया। सनी स्पोर्टिंग क्लब के गेंदबाज अक्षांक तीन खिलाड़ियों को आउट किया। जिला क्रीड़ाधिकारी केपी सिंह ने बताया कि जनपद स्तरीय क्रिकेट प्रतियोगिता का फाइनल मैच २ दिसंबर को खेला जाएगा। इस मौके पर डीसीए अध्यक्ष विनोद यादव, पुष्कर द्विवेदी, शैलेंद्र कुशवाहा, क्रिकेट कोच जितेंद्र यादव, जावेद अहमद, कमल किशोर यादव, नागेंद्र आदि उपस्थित रहे। |
Commander of the USS Constitution and notable for his victory over the British frigate HMS Java under Captain Henry Lambert during the Anglo-American War of 1812.
Vitus Jonassen Bering 1681-1741
Danish explorer best known for his explorations of the North East Coast of Asia and the western coast of North America. The Bering Strait, the Bering Sea et al were named in his honour.
Robert Fitzroy 1805-1865
Royal Navy officer and scientist. Captain of HMS Beagle during Darwin's expedition to Tierra del Fuego.
FitzRoy was a pioneering meteorologist who invented the daily weather forecast and established the British Meteorological Office in 1854.
Thomas Masterman Hardy 1768-1839
Royal Navy officer who commanded Nelson's flagship HMS Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar in October 1805. As he walked the decks with Hardy, Nelson was shot by a sniper aboard the French ship Le Redoutable. Mortally wounded, Nelson lay below decks when he uttered his famous words 'Kiss me, Hardy'.
Robert Maynard 1684-1751
Royal Navy Lieutenant aboard HMS Pearl. Famous for defeating Edward Teach, the infamous pirate known as Blackbeard in 1718.
Edward John Smith 1850-1912
Master of RMS Titanic which sank on her maiden voyage on the night of 14 April 1912 after hitting an iceberg. Captain Smith was one of the 1517 souls lost aboard Titanic. |
जहाँ तक रही बात सप्तर्षि तारामंडल की तो अब तक इसके ९३ तारों को बायर नाम (एक तारकीय नामकरण प्रणाली जिसमे कोई सितारा ग्रीक अक्षर से पहचाना जाता है, जिसके बाद उसके पालक तारामंडल का लैटिन नाम रहता है) दिए जा चुके हैं, जिनमें से २१ तारों के इर्द-गिर्द ग़ैर-सौरीय ग्रह परिक्रमा करते हुए पाए गए हैं।
सप्तर्षि तारामंडल में कई गैलेक्सियाँ भी पाई गई हैं। इनमें मॅसिये ८१ नामक सर्पिल गैलेक्सी है, जो आकाश में सबसे रोशन गैलेक्सियों में से एक है। इस तारामंडल के क्षेत्र में मॅसिये ८२ नामक गैलेक्सी भी है जिसे अपने आकार की वजह से सिगार गैलेक्सी भी कहा जाता है। यहाँ हमसे २.५ करोड़ प्रकाश-वर्ष दूर स्थित चकरी गैलेक्सी (पिनव्हील गैलेक्सी) भी स्थित है। कुल मिलकर सप्तर्षि तारामंडल में लगभग ५0 गैलेक्सियाँ देखी जा चुकी हैं। |
I have three teenage boys. They are about as forgetful as any human being is capable of being. They routinely forget all kinds of things ranging from appointments, to chores, to homework assignments. With the older guys, I used to joke that when they forgot something, they werehaving a senior (in high school) moment.
Of course, the concept of the senior moment is a label that many older people give to the situations in which they forget something. Most of us assume that our memories are going to get worse as we get older, and so age must be the reason that we forget after the age of 55.
It is true that there is a general cognitive decline starting in your 20s. And your memory will get a bit worse as you age. But unless you have suffered brain injury, those declines are not precipitous. Indeed, there is some evidence that your beliefs about your memory abilities are at least as important to your ability to remember as any changes in brain function.
An interesting study making this point was presented in a paper by Ayanna Thomas and Stacey Dubois in the December, 2011 issue of Psychological Science.
These researchers took advantage of a strange memory phenomenon known as the Deese Roediger McDermott effect after the researchers who discovered and popularized it in research. To get a sense of how this effect works, read the following list of words slowly.
butter, food, eat, sandwich, rye, jam, milk, flour, jelly, dough, crust, slice, wine, loaf, toast
Now, close your eyes for a second and remember as many of the words you can. Without looking back at the list, ask yourself, was the word sandwich on that list? How about the word bread? The word sandwich was indeed on the list. But how about bread? It actually is not on the list, but about half the people given this list will answer that they saw the word bread.
Lists like this are constructed by taking 15 words that are highly associated with some other word (in this case, bread). When you study the list, the words make you think of the associate, and later you act as if you saw that word as well.
Studies show that college students typically mis-remember seeing the associated word about 50% of the time. The researchers speculated that if older adults are worried that their memories get worse with age, they might be even more likely than that to mis-remember seeing the associated word.
Participants in this study were either older adults (with a mean age of 70) or younger adults (with a mean age of 19). They began the study by studying several lists of words like the one I just showed you. After that, half the participants had a paragraph read to them about age-related declines in memory. The other half had a paragraph read to them about psychology research unrelated to age. The first group was expected to be more concerned about the effects of age on memory than the second. Finally, participants saw a number of words and were asked whether they had appeared on the lists they studied. Several of these words were the associates that were expected to lead to false recognitions.
The younger adults were not affected by hearing about age-related declines in memory. They responded that they had seen the associated word about 50% of the time regardless of what paragraph they had read to them. Older adults who heard a paragraph about research in general also said they recognized the associated word about 50% of the time. However, the older adults who heard about age-related declines in memory said they recognized the associated word about 70% of the time.
The idea is that when older adults are concerned that they are experiencing memory problems, they do not focus as carefully on their knowledge about where they encountered words as they do when they are not worried about their memory. In actuality, older adults had pretty good memory overall. They correctly recognized about 85% of the words they had actually studied before and only said that they had seen words that had not been studied about 10% of the time. So, older adults got worse on the memory test just because of their concern about memory.
These findings are one more reason to stamp the concept of a senior moment out. As you get older, worrying about declines in memory is far more damaging to your ability to think than any actual declines in memory ability. So relax. When you get older, you probably aren’t that much more forgetful than your typical teen. |
लगातार फ्लॉप फिल्मों की मार झेल रहे अभिनेता शाहरुख खान पिछले काफी समय से एक ऐसी कहानी और निर्देशक की तलाश में जुटे हैं, जो उनकी स्टारडम की डूबती नैया को पार लगा दे। ऐसे में चिंता और कश्मकश में डूबे शाहरुख को बड़ी राहत मिली है। खबर है कि शाहरुख की ओर बॉलिवुड के बड़े निर्देशकों में से एक राजकुमार हिरानी ने अपना हाथ बढ़ाया है।
खबरों की मानें तो परेशान और हताश शाहरुख खान को अपनी एक रोमांटिक फिल्म के लिए राजकुमार हिरानी ने कास्ट कर लिया है। राजकुमार हिरानी ने 'मुन्ना भाई सीरीज', 'पीके', '३ इडियट्स' और संजय दत्त की बायॉपिक 'संजू' जैसी सफल फिल्में दी हैं। राजकुमार हिरानी की इसी सफलता और कुशलता को अब शाहरुख भुनाएंगे।
फिल्म 'जीरो' की असफलता के बाद शाहरुख को बड़ा झटका लगा और उन्होंने आने वाले दिनों में किसी भी तरह का नया प्रयोग करने की सभी कोशिशों को डब्बा बंद कर दिया। इसी चक्कर में उन्होंने साइन की हुई फिल्म 'सारे जहां से अच्छा' से भी अपने हाथ खींच लिए। शाहरुख के करीबी बताते हैं कि अब शाहरुख तब तक कोई नया प्रयोग नहीं करेंगे, जब तक उनका खोया हुआ स्टारडम और उनकी फिल्मों के प्रति दर्शकों का खोया हुआ उत्साह वापस नहीं मिल जाता।
करण जौहर की 'तख्त' से शाहरुख खान का बेटा आर्यन करेगा बॉलिवुड में डेब्यू! |
Mathematics is an essential element in a wide range of human activities. It is the language of the physical sciences, and as such is an indispensable tool in the formulation of the laws of nature. In the social and biological sciences, it plays an increasingly important role in modeling complicated, large-scale phenomena. In addition, mathematics has an aesthetic side: awareness of the possibility of elegance and beauty in mathematical arguments has been a significant feature of human culture throughout history. Today more mathematics is being done, and more needs to be done, than ever before.
The undergraduate course offerings in Mathematics allow students to set up individualized programs of study consistent with their academic interests and career plans. Students should consider majoring in Mathematics even if they do not plan to become mathematicians or teachers of mathematics. The training in abstract reasoning and problem-solving is an excellent foundation for many different careers, such as law, graduate health professions, and business. Completion of a major in Mathematics points to a thinking person.
Students are encouraged to explore the various branches of pure and applied mathematics, as well as other mathematically oriented disciplines, to gain both breadth of knowledge and insight into career options. Mathematics majors can use their training as the foundation for advanced professional study, leading to research and teaching in universities or research in industrial research laboratories; they can use it also in secondary school teaching. In industry, undergraduate training in mathematics is excellent preparation for the important task of liaison work between the technological arm of a company and its marketing arm. A major in Mathematics is particularly appropriate for work in computer applications, operations research, and actuarial science. Double majors in Mathematics and another field, such as physics, computer science, applied mathematics and statistics, or economics, are common and are encouraged.
The Mathematics Majors Program, which leads to the B.S. Degree in Mathematics, has two special options: Advanced Track option and Secondary Teacher Education option.
The advanced track option is designed for students open to the challenges of advanced mathematics. State-of-the-art courses are taught in small classes by leading faculty and cover a broad range of material. The advanced track students are encouraged to take advantage of our top-ranked graduate program; qualified students are welcome to take graduate courses. All in all, the advanced track will prepare a student well for the challenge of a graduate or professional school at the finest universities in the country or a career in a variety of fields.
The secondary teacher education option is designed for students planning a career teaching mathematics in a secondary school. This option is described in detail in the "Education and Teacher Certification" entry in the alphabetical listings of Approved Majors, Minors, and Programs.
The Department of Mathematics offers tutorial help to all undergraduate students in its 100-level courses in the Mathematics Learning Center. Since the Center's staff consists of faculty and graduate students in mathematics as well as undergraduate tutors, students in more advanced courses can also find assistance there.
The Department encourages students to seek information and advice on appropriate mathematics courses, programs, and career goals. Professors in mathematics are available as advisors in the Undergraduate Mathematics Office to help with these matters. Advising hours can be obtained by calling the Department of Mathematics. |
हम विशेष हैं स्टेनलेस स्टील सी चैनल निर्माताओं और आपूर्तिकर्ताओं / कारखाने चीन से। कम कीमत / सस्ते के रूप में उच्च गुणवत्ता के साथ थोक स्टेनलेस स्टील सी चैनल, चीन से अग्रणी ब्रांडों में से एक स्टेनलेस स्टील सी चैनल में से एक, तीअनजिन ज़ेन्शियांग स्ट्रिप प्रोसेसिंग को., लैड.।
थोक चीन से स्टेनलेस स्टील सी चैनल , लेकिन कम कीमत के अग्रणी निर्माताओं के रूप में सस्ते स्टेनलेस स्टील सी चैनल खोजने की आवश्यकता है। बस स्टेनलेस स्टील सी चैनल पर उच्च गुणवत्ता वाले ब्रांडों पा कारखाना उत्पादन, आप आप क्या चाहते हैं, बचत शुरू करते हैं और हमारे स्टेनलेस स्टील सी चैनल का पता लगाने के बारे में भी राय, आप में सबसे तेजी से उत्तर हम करूँगा कर सकते हैं। |
Economy Improves, School Spending Continues to Fall - So What Gives?
As the news headlines regarding the current U.S. economy continue to improve, there is one area that is still feeling the squeeze from the recession years: K-12 public school spending. A report this month from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found that 34 states are contributing less funding on a per student basis than they did prior to the recession years. Since states are responsible for 44 percent of total education funding in the U.S., these dismal numbers mean a continued crack down on school budgets despite an improving economy.
In practical terms, these findings make sense. Property taxes pay much of public education costs and that revenue source is still low. Overall, the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found that districts collected just over 2 percent lower on property taxes ending in March than in the year before. Furthering the problem is the fact that while states have been cut throat in reducing spending, they have not been as vigilant in raising revenue sources through taxes and fees.
Loss of federal aid to states is also a problem. Even if a state does not need emergency federal funds for specific education needs, they must use school money to cover the cost of natural disasters or other projects that are no longer receiving aid from the federal government.
In extreme cases, like in Philadelphia and Chicago, individual districts have had to tap into other money and reserves to cover the basics of public education in their areas. Take a look at some of the most-telling numbers from the CBPP report on school spending:
• 14. This is the number of consecutive quarters state revenues have increased, despite stagnant or reduced school spending.
• 1.3. This is the percent that state funding fell for elementary and secondary schools from last school year.
• 20. This is the percent that Oklahoma and Alabama have sliced on student spending since the recession began in 2008.
• 13. This is the number of states, including Wisconsin and California, that have cut school spending budgets by more than 10 percent since the recession began.
• 15. This represents the number of states that have lower school spending budgets than they did one year ago.
• 72. This is the amount in dollars that New Mexico increased its per student spending for the current school year. It may seem like a bright spot, but barely dents the $960+ the state has cut per student in just the past five years alone.
• 20,100. This is the number of teaching jobs that were added in August - but that figure is still over 320,000 less than education jobs in 2008.
• 12. This is the percent that funding to low-income Title I schools has decreased since 2010, from $17 billion to $15 billion.
• 11. This is the percent that special education funding has been slashed since 2010, from $13.5 billion to $12 billion.
• 57. This is the amount of administrators that believe they will need to reduce class sizes this school year to offset budget cuts.
• 16. This is the number of states that cut pre-K educational per student funding in the 2011 - 2012 school year and 27 had to reduce enrollment numbers.
What do the numbers all mean?
The fact that state revenues are on the upswing but K-12 spending is still at recession-levels is disheartening. It seems that a reprioritization needs to take place in the 34 states that are still in the red when it comes to per student spending today as opposed to 2008. Less state spending on education certainly affects the learning experience but it also impacts other areas of the economy. Unemployed teachers and administrators have less to pump back into the economy and the viscous cycle of K-12 underfunding is furthered.
If we cannot fully fund our public schools how can we expect things like the achievement gap to close or high school graduation rates to rise? It was understandable that budgets had to be slashed when the bottom dropped out of the economy but now that we are in a more stable place, it is time to get back to funding what matters most: the education of our K-12 students.
Why do you think that per student spending is still falling? |
Climate-driven mortality and distributional shifts of a widespread tree species across North America
Among the many reports of forest mortality globally, the dieback of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) has been of particular concern, given that it is the most widespread tree species in North America and supports high levels of biodiversity and productivity. A variety of factors have been implicated in the decline (e.g., wildfires, disease, and insect outbreaks), but accumulating evidence suggests that drought stress is a primary driver.Using remote sensing data, my collaborators and I seek to (1) document aspen mortality rates and distributional shifts, and (2) determine the drivers that best predict aspen performance across its broad, North American range.
Fire-driven filtering of plant functional traits and consequences for forest drought vulnerability
An increase in both drought and fire frequency with climate change threaten forest productivity and function, including their ability to serve as a carbon sink. Predicting forest vulnerability to the dual stressors of drought and fire remains difficult, though the physiological traits of trees that confer tolerance to drought (e.g. embolism risk) and fire (e.g. resprouting ability) provide a promising framework. We are conducting a meta-analysis of pre- and post-fire forest communities to understand the degree of overlap between fire- and drought-adaptive traits in tree species.
Effects of increased fire frequency on the productivity and drought tolerance of temperate broadleaf forests
Minimizing forest vulnerability to climate change has emerged as a primary goal of forest management. Several recent studies suggest that forest thinning is a promising management tool. By reducing forest basal area, thinning effectively increases water availability to the remaining trees, thereby reducing forest vulnerability to drought. Another potential strategy to moderate drought-induced stress is through the repeated application of prescribed fire. Like thinning, repeat fires can reduce forest basal area, but fire can also affect nutrient cycling and cause cambium and root injury to remaining trees. Despite its widespread use, fire has been largely overlooked as a management tool to reduce forest drought vulnerability. To test the long-term effects of repeat fires on forest drought vulnerability, Dr. Refsland and collaborators measured the annual radial growth and isotopic composition (δ13C and δ18O) of adult oaks (Quercus stellata and Q. falcata) in the Missouri Ozarks that experienced either no fire, periodic (every 4 years) or annual prescribed fires from 1950 – 2015.
Importance of drought-fire interactions for tree recruitment
Fire activity may have opposing effects on the drought vulnerability of juvenile trees because of its impact on multiple ecological processes. For fire-tolerant tree species that survive to resprout, fire exposure directly impacts tree physiology by killing shoot tissue and thus increasing root-to-shoot ratios. This can positively affect tree water relations by reducing losses to transpiration. Fire also indirectly impact juvenile tree physiology through its effects on local microclimate and nutrient cycling. The consumption of standing vegetation by fire increases understory light availability, soil surface temperatures and local evaporative demand, promoting a more xeric microclimate that may intensify drought stress. Additionally, by reducing organic inputs to soil and driving losses of surface nitrogen (N) through combustion, increased fire activity may further constrain growth of juvenile trees during drought by intensifying N limitation of tree growth. Depending on whether resprouting or environmental effects predominate, the impacts of increased burning on forest regeneration could be positive, negative or neutral.
We tested how fire affects the drought vulnerability of juvenile trees by imposing summer drought on natural and planted populations of Quercus alba juveniles located in periodically burned and unburned sites in Shawnee National Forest, IL, USA. We then compared the drought-driven declines in leaf water potential, gas exchange and growth rates for juveniles in burned and unburned sites. We found that resprouting after fire temporarily improved leaf water relations for juveniles, but that fire ultimately exacerbated drought-driven declines in tree growth by promoting a warmer, drier microclimate and intensifying N limitation.
Collaborators: Jennifer Fraterrigo
Key publication: Refsland, T.K. and J.M. Fraterrigo. 2018. Fire increases drought vulnerability of Quercus alba seedlings by altering forest microclimate and nitrogen availability. Functional Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13193
Functional traits and soil carbon
A primary goal of community ecology is to predict the consequences of changing biodiversity for ecosystem function. Plant functional traits are important to this goal as traits can determine species’ responses to resource gradients and disturbance (response traits) as well as their effects on ecosystem function (effect traits). Certain traits may be deemed dual response–effect traits if those traits favored by the environment are those that also influence ecosystem function. Because such linked traits provide a direct means of scaling community‐level changes to changes in ecosystem functioning, identifying them could enhance capacity to predict future ecosystem services.
Despite increasing adoption of the response–effect trait framework, few empirical studies have tested for the existence of response–effect traits in fire-impacted forests and it is unknown whether fire’s effects on plant trait composition are consistent across resource gradients where fire intensity and vegetation recovery can strongly vary. We measured canopy and understory plant functional traits, characterizing the most abundant functional trait value (community‐weighted mean; CWM) and the functional diversity (FD), across a soil resource gradient in fire‐managed mixed‐deciduous forests to determine how traits both respond to a disturbance‐resource gradient and affect stocks of active and stable soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions.
We found that understory traits responded to soil resource conditions and fire, whereas only canopy CWM leaf dry matter content (LDMC) varied with resource conditions; no canopy traits varied with fire. Among the response traits, canopy CWM LDMC and diversity in the maximum height of the understory were related to SOC stocks, suggesting they play dual roles as response and effect traits. SOC stocks were primarily associated with mean canopy leaf trait values and secondarily with the diversity of trait values from the canopy and understory. There were also strong, fraction‐dependent patterns in SOC stocks with fire disturbance. Repeatedly burned forests characterized by resource conservative traits (i.e., high canopy CWM LDMC) had a higher relative proportion of active SOC, whereas unburned forests characterized by resource acquisitive traits (i.e., high canopy CWM leaf nitrogen content) had a higher relative proportion of stable SOC. Our results suggest that canopy community-mean leaf traits and diversity in understory size traits can act as both response and effect traits in disturbed forests.
Collaborator: Jennifer Fraterrigo
Key publication: Refsland, T.K. and J. M. Fraterrigo. 2017. Both canopy and understory traits act as response-effect traits in fire-managed forests. Ecosphere 8(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2036 |
Deploying an app is the process of making it suitable for a specific environment, getting it to run correctly in that environment for its users. Deployment is complicated and context-specific. This means there are many ways to go about it, depending on circumstances. This post tells you what you need to know so you can decide how to deploy your Django app.
Django is a Python framework for creating web applications. It is so flexible that it’s the first choice for many beginners as well as a popular industrial framework used for complex web services by companies like Pinterest and Instagram. Django is attractive to beginners because it has great documentation and good community. Like other web frameworks it has its own development server, so you can test and run your code locally. But when it comes to moving Django projects online, because Django is so powerful, many complex options are available for large, commercial projects and it can be difficult for individuals building small personal projects to know where to start. Search terms like “how to deploy Django” come up with answers suitable for commercial projects maintained by teams of developers who use platforms such as Docker to deliver their Django apps. (Docker uses containers to smoothly deploy complicated, large codebases from development to production.) Individuals learning to code using Python and Django, building small portfolio apps, don’t need to use such complicated systems. The minimum you need is a domain name and an account with an appropriate, Python-friendly web-hosting service. Even so, there are multiple options for deployment: the rest of this page explains why deployment is not altogether straightforward and what that means for your options.
Web servers, like Apache and Nginx, provide HTTP request handling and serve static files. However, they don't usually talk directly to Python and run a Python app on their own; they use a go-between (an “application server”) to do that. GUnicorn, uWSGI and Phusion Passenger are such app servers. Many web hosting services provide cPanel, a suite of tools for web deployment, with a friendly web-based user interface. cPanel uses Passenger as its application manager and recommends deploying Python apps with Passenger and Apache. That is the software stack this tutorial series uses. To run an app, an app server must also know about the app’s existence: in order to deploy your app, you first register it with the app server. In other words, the app server has to know, when an HTTP request for a particular domain arrives, which app to run and where to find it. The app registration process makes this possible. Additionally, the app must be configured to tell the app server where to find the source code to run it and which version of Python to use. Django app writers do this using a wsgi (web server gateway interface) configuration inside each app. Django automatically provides a wsgi.py file in its app framework which works in a local environment, but the wsgi interface in production is specific to the production environment and must be configured accordingly. Your app needs a Passenger wsgi configuration file to tell the app server exactly which Python version to use and where to find the app's source code. A later page in this series shows you how to write the passenger_wsgi.py file for a Django app deployment using cPanel.
Most deployment tutorials for individuals making small Django projects use PaaS, Platforms as a service, like Heroku or PythonAnywhere. Platforms like Heroku and PythonAnywhere are web hosts that automate app registration and configuration to make it easier for you. If you have a small Django app and you are using Django’s auto-generated SQLite database, using a PaaS for your first deployment might be a good option. They provide a user interface between you, your app and the web server and take you step-by-step through registration and configuration. They circumvent the difficulty of doing some of your own set-up and configuration and there are forums and some tech support in case you get stuck. The other option is to use a generic web hosting service. This would be preferable for the following reasons:
Not all web hosting services have an app server installed to run Python apps, so if you choose to run your Django app without using a PaaS, you should first find a web host that has an app server configured to run apps written in Python. I use Future Hosting, a cPanel web hosting provider who has Passenger configured to run Python apps. If you already have an account with a web host who does not have Passenger installed you can ask them to set it up. The relevant cPanel application manager documentation for them is here. Draw their attention to this box on that page:
Trying to run a Django app with cPanel without using an app server is not a joyful way forward. The cPanel wsgi documentation is here but it’s too terse to be useful, and also only works for python 2. The next four pages in this tutorial are a guide on how to deploy a Django app to a cPanel web host running Passenger:
The tutorial assumes that you have already built and tested a Django web app on your personal computer (your local environment). By the end of the series you will see your Django app in the browser at its domain name url. Perhaps more importantly, you will understand the basics of how the app runs in a production environment and how to troubleshoot common problems in deployment.
*** Was this page useful? How could it be better? I'm grateful for suggestions. Please DM me @_awbery_on Twitter with feedback. Thank you! |
उपस्क (इयास) सिविल सेवा प्रीलिम्स परीक्षा की नई तिथि ४ अक्टूबर तय की गई है। । यदि आप यह परीक्षा देने जा रहे है तो इन इम्पोर्टेन्ट स्टडी मटेरियल और रिसोर्सेज को रैफर कर बनाए अपना रिविज़न प्रोसेस सरल और सक्सेस्फुल।
इयास इरा सिंघल रीढ़ की वक्रता से पीड़ित है जिसे स्कोलियोसिस (स्कोलियोसिस) भी कहा जाता है। लेकिन उन्होंने कभी भी अपनी विकलांगता को अपने सपनों के मार्ग में बाधा नहीं बनने दिया। उन्होंने २०१४ में उपस्क सिविल सेवा परीक्षा की सामान्य श्रेणी में टॉप किया।
कोमल गनात्रा ने वर्ष २०१२ में उपस्क सिविल सेवा परीक्षा को पास किया और ५९१वीं रैंक हासिल की। हालांकि, कोमल की उपस्क में सफलता की कहानी साधारण नहीं है। उन्हें सिविल सेवा परीक्षा की तैयारी करने के लिए निराशा की भावना से खुद को बहार निकालना पड़ा। इस लेख में, हम आपके लिए कोमल गनात्रा की प्रेरक कहानी लेकर आए हैं, जो देश के हर युवा के लिए शक्ति और मेहनत का स्त्रोत है।
जाने एक एक्स-इयास अफसर की कहानी जो छठीं तक हुई हर कक्षा में फेल। लेकिन इंदिरा गाँधी से हुई एक छोटी सी मुलाकात ने उन्हें जीवन में कुछ कर दिखाने की प्रेरणा दी और वह बन गईं एक इयास अफसर।
आँखों की रोशनी खो देने के बावजूद राकेश शर्मा ने इयास बनने का सपना देखा और कड़ी मेहनत कर उपस्क सिविल सेवा २०१८ की परीक्षा में ६०८वीं रैंक हासिल कर अपना इयास बनने का सपना साकार किया ।
आर्थिक तंगी से ले कर पिछड़े समाज और शिक्षाहीन परिवार जैसी हर चुनौती का सामना करते हुए मराठवाड़ के अंसार शेख ने केवल २१ वर्ष की आयु में पहले ही अटेम्पट में किया उपस्क (इयास) २०१५ एग्जाम क्लियर। जानें कौन हैं ये प्रतिभाशाली इयास अफसर।
आर्थिक तंगी के कारण छोड़ दी थी १०वी के बाद पढ़ाई। बाद में परिचित और दोस्तों की मदद से की आगे की पढ़ाई पूरी। दोस्तों के मोटिवेशन और माँ के साथ से बनें इयास अफसर ।
पिता की आकस्मिक मृत्यु और पैसो की तंगी के बावजूद उप के शशांक मिश्रा ने क्रैक किया उपस्क इयास एग्ज़ाम। आइये जानते हैं इन होनहार इयास अफसर की सफलता की कहानी। |
THE LIFE-SAVING THREE-POINT SEAT BELT WAS TOO SIGNIFICANT NOT TO SHARE, ACCORDING TO VOLVO.
Nils Bohlin, an engineer at Volvo, invented the three-point seat belt in 1959. The 1950s were a time when pilots and racing drivers wore harnesses, but seatbelts – where they were fitted in cars – took the form of a rudimentary two-point waist restraint. In crashes, sometimes these did more harm than good.
The reason the three-point seatbelt is so widely adopted is actually that Volvo opened up the patent so that any car manufacturer could use it in their design. They decided that the invention was so significant, it had more value as a free life-saving tool than something to profit from.
Volvo’s managing director Alan Dessell is quoted as saying: “The decision to release the three-point seat belt patent was visionary and in line with Volvo’s guiding principle of safety.”
Nils Bohlin, inventor of the three-point seatbelt, received a gold medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Science in 1995 and, in 1999, was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame.
Bohlin, a former aviation engineer at Saab who worked on ejector seats, knew an effective belt must absorb force across the body yet be so easy to use even a child could buckle up. His ingenious solution took the form of a combined lap belt with a diagonal belt across the chest. He anchored the straps low beside the seat so the geometry of the belts formed a “V” with the point directed at the floor. That design meant the belt would remain in place and not shift under a load.
According to the latest figures released as part of celebrations surrounding the 50th anniversary of the invention of the three-point seatbelt, it has saved a million lives across the world and prevented even more serious injuries. Reducing your chance of injury or death by at least 50 percent in the event of a collision, it remains the most successful contribution to safety in the history of motoring.
Seat belts became compulsory in the UK 1983, and since then they have saved between 35,000 and 50,000 lives.Every car manufactured today uses three-point seat belts... and it all started with aVolvo PV544 delivered to a dealership in the town of Kristianstad , Sweden.
We are working towards similar safety innovation in homes and need your help to change governments view on the level of safety that utility cables have when installing into our homes. |
श्वेता सोनी चैनल के डैड की दुल्हन में नजर आ रही हैं। वेब सीरीज हम तुम और देम में उनके बिंदास अंदाज की इन दिनों चर्चा है।
श्वेता सोनी चैनल के डैड की दुल्हन में नजर आ रही हैं।
एकता कपूर के सीरियल कसौटी जिंदगी की में २५ साल की उम्र में ६० साल की की औरत का किरदार निभाने वाली श्वेता तिवारी ने सालों तक कॉमेडी सर्कस में अपना हुनर दिखाया। श्वेता २०११ में बिग बॉस ४ की विजेता भी रहीं। टीवी डांस कार्यक्रमों में नृत्य-प्रतिभा दिखाई। श्वेता सोनी चैनल के डैड की दुल्हन में नजर आ रही हैं। वेब सीरीज हम तुम और देम में उनके बिंदास अंदाज की इन दिनों चर्चा है। निजी जिंदगी में श्वेता की दूसरी शादी भी सफल नहीं रही है। इन्हीं सब बातों को लेकर श्वेता से लंबी बातचीत हुई। इसी के प्रमुख अंश।
सवाल : मेरे डैड की दुल्हन से आपने वापसी की है। ब्रेक लेने की खास वजह थी?
मैं अपने बेटे की सही ढंग से परवरिश करना चाहती थी, जो अभी तीन साल का है। अब मैं उसे घर पर छोड़ कर आ सकती हूं। तब वह छोटा था इसलिए मुझे अभिनय से ब्रेक लेना पड़ा। अब हालात बदल गए तो फिर से सक्रिय हो गई हूं।
सवाल :इस सीरियल को करने की कोई खास वजह थी?
मुझे इसकी कहानी और अपना किरदार अच्छा लगा। भूमिका भी मेरी उम्र से मैच करती थी। कहानी दिलचस्प थी। मेरा किरदार अकेली महिला का है जिसकी अपनी समस्याएं हैं। वह ऊपर से हंसती है, अंदर से दुखी है। फिर एक परिपक्व आदमी से प्यार कर बैठती है जिसकी बेटी मुझे अपने डैड की दुल्हन बनाना चाहती है। दर्शकों से तो मुझे अच्छा रिस्पांस मिल रहा है।
सवाल : आपकी वेब सीरीज हम तुम और देम की भी चर्चा है, जिसमें आपने बोल्ड सीन और चुंबन दृश्य पहली बार दिए हैं।
इस बारे में यही कहूंगी कि अभिनय मेरा पहला और आखिरी प्यार है, जो हमेशा मेरे साथ रहा है। इसके लिए अगर मुझे कुछ भी करना पड़े तो मैं हिचकूंगी नहीं। हम तुम और देम एक ऐसी तलाकशुदा औरत की कहानी है जो १९ साल की लड़की की मां है और तीन बच्चों के पिता के प्यार में पड़ जाती है। ऐसा किरदार मैंने पहले नहीं किया था। इसमें जो भी इंटीमेट सीन या किसिंग सीन हैं वे कहानी की मांग हैं सो मुझे करने में कोई एतराज नही हैं। लोग इस सीरीज को पसंद कर रहे हैं।
सवाल: आपकी बेटी पलक भी अब बड़ी हो गई है। क्या हम उनको भी एक्टिंग करते देखेंगे?
उसे अभिनय का शौक है। मगर फिलहाल कोई योजना नहीं है। कोई अच्छा प्रस्ताव मिलता है तो शायद वह इस बारे में सोचे।
सवाल: आपकी दूसरी शादी भी सफल नहीं रही है। प्रोफेशनल लाइफ में आपने जहां २० साल से लगातार सफलता हासिल की है वही आपकी पर्सनल लाइफ काफी पेचीदा रही है। इस बारे में क्या कहेंगी?
मैं उन औरतों में से नहीं हूं जो अपनी शादी बचाने के लिए पति की मार खाती रहें। दूसरी शादी में भी जब मुझे लगा कि पानी सिर से ऊपर जा रहा है, तो मैंने खिलाफत की। तय किया कि अन्याय सहन नहीं करूंगी। इनसान जिंदगी में अगर कुछ खोता है तो पाता भी है। दो शादियां असफल रहीं लेकिन मेरे दो प्यारे बच्चे हैं जो मेरी जान हैं। अच्छा करिअर है। घर जाकर तीन साल के बच्चे को मुस्कराते देखती हूं तो सारी थकान हवा हो जाती है।
सवाल: ४० साल की उम्र में आपने खुद को बेहतर बनाए रखा है। इसका राज क्या है?
खुद को फिट रखने के लिए मैं कुछ भी नहीं करती। एक्सरसाइज तक नहीं। हां मुझे डांस करना पसंद है। मुझे एक्सरसाइज करना पंसद नहीं है। डांस करना पंसद है तो मैं डांस करती हूं।सोच सकारात्मक रखती हूं, बस।
सवाल :कोरोना के दौर में आप अपना वक्त कैसे गुजारती हैं?
महामारी बढ़ रही है तो हमें और ज्यादा सतर्क रहना है। पता नहीं कब आप इसकी चपेट में आ जाएं। पूर्णबंदी के दौरान घर में रहना बुरा नहीं लग रहा है क्योंकि बच्चों के साथ वक्त गुजारने का मौका मिल रहा है। मेरी मां और भाई साथ रहते हैं। अभी बुरा वक्त है तो अच्छा वक्त भी आएगा। वैसे भी मैं हमेशा सकारात्मक रहती हूं। इस बुरे वक्त में आपको अपना ध्यान रखना है, अपने परिवार के लोगों का ध्यान रखना है। अगर हमें बाहर निकलने की मनाही है, तो हमारे अच्छे के लिए ही है। हमें उसका पालन करना चाहिए।
३ कन्हैया कुमार ने लिखा, देश चलाने के लिए छाती नहीं दिमाग चाहिए तो फिल्ममेकर बोले- और जूते खाने का मन कर रहा है क्या? |
5 edition of English pronunciation 1500-1700 found in the catalog.
English pronunciation 1500-1700
E. J. Dobson
|Statement||by E. J. Dobson.|
|LC Classifications||PE1137 .D58 1968|
|The Physical Object|
|LC Control Number||70351301|
The mid 17th century English orthoepist Hodges gives a pronunciation of “theatre” that is trisyllabic with first syllable stress (reported in Dobson, “English Pronunciation ”). For what it’s worth, neither Wells LPD nor Wiktionary supports a disyllabic pronunciation for AmE. English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and eventually became a global lingua franca. It is named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to the area of Great Britain that later took their name, names derive from Anglia, a peninsula on the Baltic h is most closely related to Frisian and Low Saxon, while its Ethnicity: Anglo-Saxons (historically).
The Great Vowel Shift is a sound change in the English language when all the long vowel sounds in English changed. This took place from the late Middle English period to the Early Modern English period. This is the main reason why English words often sound different from how they are spelled.. . Book Description: An introduction to Early Modern English, this book helps students of English and linguistics to place the language of the period in its historical context as a language with a common core but also as one which varies across time, regionally and socially, and according to register.
A brief historical overview of pronunciations of English in dictionaries. A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF PRONUNCIATIONS OF. DOBSON, Eric J. (2 ) English Pronunciation – A major factor separating Middle English from Modern English is known as the Great Vowel Shift, a radical change in pronunciation during the 15th, 16th and 17th Century, as a result of which long vowel sounds began to be made higher and further forward in the mouth (short vowel sounds were largely unchanged). In fact, the shift probably started.
Meet Big Birds Orchestra
Long-Term Solutions to the Energy Crisis (CD set)
International students at community colleges
John Penry and other heroes of the faithful and suffering church.
Charles H. Avery.
Invertebrates of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, western Cascade Mountains, Oregon.
Salem imprints, 1768-1825
The international status of human rights nongovernmental organizations
U.S. Postal Service plan for the nine-digit ZIP Code
Cooking by the thermometer
Bye-laws of the First Troop of Philadelphia Cavalry.
Wireless personal communications
Encyclopedia of Ukraine: Volume II
English Pronunciation - Vol. 1: Survey of the Sources. by Dobson, E. J., and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at English Pronunciation 2 volumes [Dobson, E. J.] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. English Pronunciation 2 volumesCited by: Additional Physical Format: Online version: Dobson, E.J.
(Eric John). English pronunciation Oxford, Clarendon P., (OCoLC) English pronunciation by Dobson, E. (Eric John) Publication date Topics English language -- Phonology, Historical, English language -- Pronunciation Borrow this book to access EPUB and PDF files.
IN COLLECTIONS. Books to Borrow. Books for People with Print Disabilities. Trent University Library : Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for English Pronunciation 2 volumes at Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. There are a variety of pronunciations in modern English and in historical forms of the language for words spelled with the letter of these go back to the low vowel (the English pronunciation 1500-1700 book A") of earlier Middle English, which later developed both long and short sound of the long vowel was altered in the Great Vowel Shift, but later a new long A (or "broad A") developed which was not.
Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this book to your organisation's collection. Listening to the Past. Gimson's Pronunciation of English, 8th edn. English Pronunciation – Vol.1 – Survey of the Sources.
Vol.2 – Phonology, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press. Docherty, Gerard Phonological. The Great Vowel Shift was a series of changes in the pronunciation of the English language that took place primarily between andbeginning in southern England and today having influenced effectively all dialects of English.
Through this vowel shift, the pronunciation of all Middle English long vowels was consonant sounds changed as well, particularly those that became. E.J. Dobson is the author of English Pronunciation ( avg rating, 1 rating, 0 reviews, published ), Medieval English Songs ( avg rat /5(2).
Filed under: English language -- Early modern, -- Glossaries, vocabularies, etc. Concordance to the Poetical Works of John Dryden (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, ), ed.
by Guy Montgomery and Lester A. Hubbard, contrib. by Mary Jackman, Helen S. Agoa, and Josephine Miles (page images at HathiTrust) Filed. English language -- Early modern, -- Orthography and spelling -- Early works to (1 title) English language -- Early modern, -- Pronunciation (1 title, plus subtopics) English language -- Early modern, -- Pronunciation -- Early works to (1 title) English language -- Early modern, -- Semantics (1.
'A History of the English Language treats the subject in a series of nine chapter-length essays by outstanding scholars in the field. Among the book’s many strengths is the sustained effort of its authors to qualify certain pieties about the English language (such as Middle English’s status as the 'dialectal phase' of English) while.
Oral and Literate Culture in England, (part 2) for genteel audiences such as Corkine's First Book of Airs () and Ravenscroft's Briefe Discourse (). survey of English Author: Guardian Staff. Oral and Literate Culture in England, (Sir John Lowther's Memorandum Book, ). which he said he did to form and improve his English style and pronunciation'.
The phonological history of English describes the changing phonology of the English language over time, glove) and after (good, hood, book, soot, took) this split.
Ng-coalescence: Middle English pronunciation, c. Modern English spelling, c. Early Modern English pronunciation, c. Abbreviations: ModE = Modern English (18th century–present) EModE = Early Modern English (16th–17th centuries) ME = Middle English (12th–15th centuries) OE = Old English (7th–11th centuries) OF = Old French (9th–14th centuries) All of this information is from the amazingly comprehensive book English Pronunciation, – (Volume II) by E.
Dobson, published in. The French and English languages are related in a sense, because French is a Romance language descended from Latin with German and English influences, while English is a Germanic language with Latin and French influences. Thus, they share some similarities, most notably the same alphabet and a number of true cognates.
English language > Early modern, > Pronunciation. English language > 18th century > Pronunciation. English language > Grammar, Historical.
An introduction to Early Modern English, this book helps students of English and linguistics to place the language of the period in its historical context as a language with a common core but also as one which varies across time, regionally and socially, and according to register.
2. Luick's historical phonology of English Scholars and students interested in the evolution of the English language, particularly phonology and morphology, know that the best source of knowledge on how English pronunciation evolved is the above-mentioned book having an eye-attracting title Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache, i.e.
'Historical grammar of the English language'. Chapter 6. Early Modern English: Much like the Cely letters, the collection of letters written to and by Lord Lisle, his family, friends, and staff, provide valuable linguistic information. Lord Lisle was Governor of Calais for Henry VIII from to The French town was .E.
J. Dobson, English Pronunciation - 2 vols, Oxford, Clarendon Press, Dobson, although born in Australia, was an impeccably English Oxford man, who lectured in a moderately Oxford accent of the s, which is distinctly sharp toffee-mouthed modern ears (not unlike the accents heard in the film Brief Encounter).Wray, Alison English pronunciation c.
In: Morehen, John ed. English Choral PracticeCambridge Studies in Performance Practice, Cambridge. |
पिछले कुछ दिनों से कार्तिक आर्यन लखनऊ में शूट कर रहे हैं। इस दौरान सारा अली खान भी उनसे मिलने लखनऊ पहुंची थी। कार्तिक फिर सारा को लखनऊ एयरपोर्ट छोड़ने आए।
बॉलीवुड एक्ट्रेस सारा अली खान और कार्तिक आर्यन की साथ में फिल्म भी रिलीज नहीं हुई है, लेकिन अभी से वे बी-टाउन के फेवरेट ऑनस्क्रीन कपल बन गए हैं। उनकी फिल्म की शूटिंग पूरी हो गई है। अब कार्तिक अपनी अगली फिल्म पति पत्नी और वो की शूटिंग के लिए लखनऊ में हैं। इस दौरान सारा भी उनसे मिलने के लिए कई बार लखनऊ जा चुकी हैं। हाल ही में सारा लखनऊ से लौटी हैं।
कार्तिक खुद लखनऊ एयरपोर्ट पर सारा को छोड़ने आए थे। इस दौरान उनकी एक वीडियो इंटरनेट पर वायरल हो रही है। इस वीडियो में कार्तिक, सारा को गले लगाते हुए नजर आ रहे हैं। हालांकि ये वीडियो दूर से ली गई है, इसलिए ज्यादा क्लीयर नहीं है। काफी वक्त से सारा और कार्तिक के डेटिंग के चर्चे हैं। सारा पहले भी कार्तिक से मिलने लखनऊ गई थीं। जहां भीड़ ने दोनों को घेर लिया था, इस दौरान कार्तिक, सारा को लेकर काफी प्रोटेक्टिव दिखे। वहीं सारा ने जब डिजाइनर फाल्गुनी शेन पीकॉक के लिए रैंप वॉक किया था, तो कार्तिक उन्हें चीयर करने के लिए सबके आगे नजर आए थे।
सारा की मुंबई एयरपोर्ट की भी कुछ फोटोज वायरल हुई हैं। यहां वे एथनिक येलो मैक्सी ड्रेस में नजर आ रही हैं। इस दौरान सारा अपना सामान खुद ले जाते हुए दिख रही थीं।
कुछ दिन पहले सारा की मम्मी अमृता सिंह के साथ कार्तिक की बॉन्डिंग की भी खबरें आईं थीं। एक वेबसाइट ने बताया था कि फिल्म की शूटिंग के लिए सारा काफी लंबे वक्त तक हिमाचल प्रदेश में शूटिंग कर रही थी। सारा अपनी मां के साथ रोज या जब भी वे फ्री रहती थीं, जब फेस-टाइम करती थीं। कार्तिक आर्यन भी कई बार उनकी मां से बात करते थे। अमृता जी को इससे कोई प्रॉबल्म नहीं थी और वे भी उनसे (कार्तिक से) बात करती थीं।
सारा ने कॉफी विद करण में कार्तिक को अपना क्रश बताते हैं, उनके साथ डेट पर जाने की इच्छा जाहिर की थी। इसके बाद से ही दोनों के फैंस उन्हें साथ में देखना चाहते थे। उनकी ये इच्छी फिल्ममेकर इम्तियाज अली ने पूरी की।
सारा और कार्तिक, इम्तियाज की फिल्म में एक साथ बड़े पर्दे पर नजर आएंगे। इसकी शूटिंग दिल्ली, उदयपुर, मुंबई और हिमाचल प्रदेश में हुई। जिसकी कई फोटोज और वीडियोज भी सामने आईं। ये फिल्म एक लव स्टोरी है, जिसमें कार्तिक और सारा के अलावा रणदीप हुड्डा भी नजर आएंगे। इम्तियाज अली की ये फिल्म अगले साल वेलेंटाइन्स डे के मौके पर १४ फरवरी २०२० को रिलीज होने वाली है। |
मथुरा। उत्तर प्रदेश के मथुरा में मंगलवार को दिनदहाड़े एक बैंक में २१ लाख से ज्यादा की डकैती हुई। बदमाश बैंक लूटने के बाद वहां से लाखों रुपए लेकर आसानी से फरार हो गए। इस घटना ने शहर में लॉकडाउन के बीच सुरक्षा व्यवस्था की पोल खोल दी है। घटना के बाद इलाके में हड़कंप मच गया। मौके पर पुलिस प्रशासन के आलाधिकारी पहुंचे। मामले की जांच चल रही है।
घटना मथुरा के थाना सदर बाजार इलाके के दामोदरपुरा की है जहां दिनदहाड़े आर्यावर्त ग्रामीण बैंक में घुसकर बदमाशों ने २१ लाख की डकैती की वारदात को अंजाम दिया और वहां से फरार हो गए। घटना की सूचना मिलते ही पुलिस-प्रशासन के आलाधिकारियों ने मौके पर पहुंचकर छानबीन की। पुलिस सीसीटीवी खंगालकर बदमाशों का पता करने में जुट गई है।
घटना के बारे एसएसपी गौरव ग्रोवर ने बताया कि फर्स्ट फ्लोर पर स्थित आर्यावर्त ग्रामीण बैंक में दिन में करीब २.३५ बजे यह घटना हुई है। बैंक के कर्मचारियों से पूछताछ में पता चला है कि उस समय यहां तीन कर्मचारी मौजूद थे। उन्होंने बताया कि लंचटाइम के बाद चार युवक अंदर घुसे और उन सबके हाथ में अवैध हथियार थे। बदमाशों ने असलहा दिखाकर उनसे कैश मांगा।
कर्मचारियों ने बताया है कि बदमाश २१ लाख से ज्यादा की कैश लूट ले गए। एसएसपी ने कहा कि सभी बदमाश बाइक से आए थे और गमछे से चेहरा छुपाए हुए थे। मौके का मुआयना किया गया है। बदमाशों की पहचान के लिए आसपास के सीसीटीवी फुटेज को खंगाला जाएगा। घटना के खुलासे के लिए पुलिस टीम बना दी गई है। घटना की जांच की जा रही है, जल्द ही बदमाशों को पकड़ लिया जाएगा। वहीं इस घटना से शहर में हड़कंप मचा है और लोग दहशत में हैं। |
Adi’s SIM32 is a communication simulator designed to assist you in black box and functional testing of your developed units. It can simulate and display the inputs and outputs of any module according to the interface specification from the ICD Tool.
The figure below demonstrates the use of SIM32 for simulating the entire environment of the developed system or sub-system. All the outputs of the UUT (unit under test) can be displayed by the Simulator either on one workstation or on several. All inputs can be simulated by the Simulator, providing of course, that the appropriate hardware is available.
- Simulate any message sent to your tested unit based on the interfaces definition from the ICD. Change any data value within these messages.
- Display any message to or from the tested unit using various GUI components such as tables, panels and graphs.
- Use popular communication protocols such as UDP, TCP, RS 232 and more without coding. Customize or switch between them by changing a schema based XML file.
- Record any data that is sent to or received from the unit under test.
- Review the data inside the simulator or export it to excel format for further analysis.
- Manipulate data values manually or through cyclic functions that are bound by the limits defined in the ICD.
- Flexible GUI components let you group data elements in views regardless of actual location in messages.
- Use built in mechanism to govern protocol aspects such as ID, counters, checksums of messages.
- Create your own unique protocols in C++ code utilizing our simple, yet flexible SBASE framework which allows you to define only the custom parts of the protocol (application or communication layer) leaving the rest to the framework.
- Transform your simulated environment to monitoring software by changing the XML configuration file. All data between actual units of the system can be observed and recorded. |
In November, four states – California, Massachusetts, Nevada, and Maine – passed measures legalizing marijuana for recreational use, bringing the total number of states with legal cannabis to eight, plus the District of Columbia. The vote in Maine was quite close and is expected to be challenged by opponents, but as of now, 26 states and the District of Columbia have legalized marijuana in some form, whether for medical or recreational use.
While marijuana use remains illegal under federal law, the expansion of state laws decriminalizing or sanctioning its use is likely to renew the debate over whether smoking marijuana increases the risk of developing cancer, particularly lung cancer.
As of now, scientific evidence on the question is mixed. On the one hand, smoke from marijuana combustion contains many of the same toxins and cancer-causing substances as tobacco smoke, including benzyprene, a potent carcinogen. And because marijuana users tend to inhale more deeply and hold their breath longer than tobacco smokers, marijuana may have more opportunity to damage lung cells. On the other hand, several studies haven’t found a connection between marijuana smoking and cancer of the lung or other organs. Part of the challenge in studying this subject is that many people who smoke marijuana also smoke tobacco, making it difficult to isolate what role, if any, marijuana plays in lung cancer development.
A review by the National Cancer Institute shows the inconclusive nature of research in this area. One analysis, which melded data from three studies of men in northwestern Africa, found a significantly increased risk of lung cancer among tobacco smokers who also inhaled cannabis (the plant from which marijuana is derived). By contrast, a large U.S. study of men aged 15 to 49 years found that cannabis use was not associated with tobacco-related cancers and several other common malignancies. The study did find that, among nonsmokers of tobacco, those who had used cannabis had an increased risk of prostate cancer. Along the same lines, a review of 19 separate studies of patients with precancerous or cancerous lung growths who inhaled cannabis concluded that the studies failed to show a significant link between smoking cannabis and lung cancer, after adjusting for tobacco use.
A similarly unclear picture emerges from research examining possible links between marijuana smoking and squamous cell cancers of the head and neck. A pooled analysis of nine studies involving more than 10,000 people found cannabis smokers had an elevated risk of oropharyngeal cancers and a reduced risk of tongue cancer, compared with those who never smoked cannabis.
Three large-scale studies reported an association between cannabis use and elevated risk of testicular germ cell cancers. However, the sample sizes in these studies were too small to adequately address issues such as the amount of marijuana smoked or how frequently or recently it was used.
Some studies have suggested that cannabis may protect against the development of certain types of tumors. One, conducted in mice and rats, found that as doses of the drug were increased, the incidence of certain types of liver cancer decreased. Another study found that one of the active compounds in marijuana, cannabidiol, exerts a cancer-preventive effect in mice. Some studies have suggested that cannabidiol may also increase malignant cells’ absorption of certain chemotherapy drugs.
The inconsistent and sometimes contradictory findings regarding marijuana smoking and cancer risk underscore the need for more research in this area, investigators say. |
By Francine Kershaw and Grace Goldberg (originally published November 17th, 2016, on OpenChannels)
Genetic data is often overlooked and geneticists are rarely at the top of the marine planning party guest list. This results in a significant gap in the protection of evolutionary processes, that are essential for the long-term survival species in the face of environmental change. Genetic tools provide unique information useful for marine protection in a way that complements other approaches, such as satellite tracks and habitat mapping.
So why isn’t genetics being systematically used in marine spatial protection? Research suggests that genetic data is considered valuable by planners and policy-makers, but that it is also generally dispersed, inaccessible, or misunderstood.
Fortunately, this is a problem that we can solve.
The Geospatial Genetics project—a collaboration between NRDC, WCS, UCSB, and the IUCN Joint SSC/WCPA Marine Mammal Protected Area Task Force—is empowering geneticists with the tools they need to more actively engage in marine protection. The project helps geneticists to mobilize their data by transforming it into geospatial maps and then visualizing it in SeaSketch. Maps are deeply intuitive and can easily be explained in the planning and policy arena.
In addition to providing a space for the genetics community to view and contribute geospatial information, a rich set of collaboration tools specifically support iterative planning discussions, in-person and remotely. Participants have access to discussion forums, that facilitate map-based conversations. The SeaSketch survey tool has also allowed project partners to solicit specific feedback from the community, including the submission of spatial plan ideas “sketched out” on the map.
The project is currently helping geneticists engage with the Task Force’s initiative to identify Important Marine Mammal Areas (IMMAs), a knowledge tool to guide conservation and management efforts. Guidance on how to identify IMMAs was released in October and a chapter on genetics was included, helping to mainstream genetics into the policy conversation.
The Task Force has also just completed its first expert regional workshop to identify 41 candidate IMMAs in the Mediterranean. There are five other workshops planned in major ocean regions over the next five years.
Looking forward, the Geospatial Genetics project is actively seeking support to continue to enable geneticists to actively engage with the IMMA identification process by providing the support they need to mobilize their data and participate in the upcoming regional workshops. More broadly, the project aims to continue to build the international community of geospatial geneticists interested in becoming more actively engaged in the policy arena.
It’s time for geneticists to brush off their party wear.
To learn more about SeaSketch supporting collaborative research, contact Grace Goldberg (email@example.com). |
Pronunciation: (spek'trum),[key] —n., —pl.-traPronunciation: (-tru),[key]-trums. 1. Physics. a. an array of entities, as light waves or particles, ordered in accordance with the magnitudes of a common physical property, as wavelength or mass: often the band of colors produced when sunlight is passed through a prism, comprising red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
b. this band or series of colors together with extensions at the ends that are not visible to the eye, but that can be studied by means of photography, heat effects, etc., and that are produced by the dispersion of radiant energy other than ordinary light rays. Cf. band spectrum, electromagnetic spectrum, mass spectrum. 2. a broad range of varied but related ideas or objects, the individual features of which tend to overlap so as to form a continuous series or sequence: the spectrum of political beliefs. |
In Excel, CHOOSE function becomes very handy when you need to return the values from the existing list. It takes Index number as a primary argument which searches for the corresponding values in the list or string. The syntax includes values which could be a location in the list or self-written groups of values in the argument separated by quotation marks. It’s real usage can be seen when you are dealing with huge spreadsheet, then it abet users to find out specific keyword from the datasheet rather than searching for it manually.
Launch Excel 2010 spreadsheet containing important words, text, numbers, etc on which you need to apply CHOOSE function.
We need to choose selected word from the list and show it in the new Selection column. We will be writing a simple function which will help us to extract cell data by just providing index number.
The syntax of the function is;
=CHOOSE(index_num, value1, value2….)
The first argument need to be the index number of the element which you want to show in new list.
We will be writing the formula as;
As you can see we have given the index_num as 3 in the formula, this means that we want to show the third value in the list.
For giving index_num from location, we need to give it with absolute reference. Lets assume we want to regenerate the whole list, we will just give the absolute reference of the S.No field containing serial numbers.
The formula will look like this;
$A$2 is the absolute reference of the S.No field, it will search the value in the cell at the location A2, make the value index_num, and then use it in formula.
For using this function exclusively you can also add word as values, an example is shown in the screenshot below.
You can also check out previously reviewed Excel Functions; SUMPRODUCT, SUMIF, COUNTIF, VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP ,PMT, and LEN. |
In recent years, science education has been taking note of the idea of ‘threshold concepts’. The idea came out of studies in how students learn economics by Erik Meyer and Ray Land, but has much wider application.
We’ve done a bit of study in this at Waikato, particularly for electronics – see for example Jonathan Scott and Ann Harlow (N.B. Full references are listed at the end.)
The basic idea is that some concepts in a subject are by their nature exceedingly difficult to learn. That’s because they typically require a change in the way a student thinks about something. They’re not just another fact to remember, or another technique for solving a problem, but transform the whole approach a student will take to something. With a threshold concept, there’s no ‘going-back’; once you have grasped it, the way you do things will change. Since students typically build knowledge on the foundation of what they already understand (or believe they understand) fitting in something that involves a shift in their fundamental thinking isn’t easy. A threshold concept may need to be presented to students many times before it gets grasped. The first time students are presented with it, it is likely to result in a sea of perplexed faces.
It’s tricky to give an example of a threshold concept for a general audience, because many are very specific to a discipline. Thinking back to childhood, one might recognize an example in understanding where money comes from. A very young child doesn’t get it – money is simply something that comes from Mum’s purse that can be exchanged for useful stuff. When Mum says "No, we don’t can’t afford it", the child is perplexed. "But there’s money in your purse", he thinks. "You can always go to the bank and get some more." At some point he learns that there isn’t an endless supply of it – it gets earned – even the stuff that comes from the ATM – and at that point his thinking about it changes.
I ran into a threshold concept in a lecture on Friday. This one pertains to units in physics. In particle physics, one often talks about the mass of elementary particles as being in the unit MeV/c2. (N.B. It’s tricky to write equations in MoveableType – the ‘2’ here means ‘squared’.) For example, the mass of an electron is 0.511 MeV/c2.
What does this mean? Well, MeV (mega electron volt, or a million electron volts) is a measure of energy. One electron volt is the energy that an electron acquires when it is accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt. It’s equal to 1.6 times 10 to the power of -19 joules. Students don’t typically have a problem with this – it’s just another unit – in the same way one can measure speed in metres per second or kilometres an hour or miles per hour, one can measure energy in joules (the S.I. unit of energy) or electron volts, (or kcal for that matter).
Now, recall Einstein’s famous E=mc2 equation, relating the rest-mass energy E of a particle to its mass m. Divide both sides by c2, and we get E/c2 = m. That is, an energy divided by a velocity squared is a mass. Students are with me so far.
But now the threshold. I say we can write mass as so-many MeV/c2 (a MeV divided by the speed of light squared.) This they don’t like. Why? Because it involves the speed-of-light as part of the unit. The trouble is grasping what MeV/c2 represents. It’s sort of an equation but not quite. I think the problem here lies with the fact that my students don’t fully understand units in general – they have the idea they are a tag-on at the end of a number, rather than something that is absolutely integral to the quantity itself. What’s curious was that if I wrote the mass of an electron as (0.511 MeV)/c2, they were happy. It’s an algebraic equation – take the 0.511 MeV, and divide it by the value for the speed of light squared. But shift the brackets to 0.511 (MeV/c2) and suddenly it’s a conceptual jump too far.
It certainly appears to be a threshold for them, and, according to the literature, I can’t expect them to grasp it quickly. Thinking back to my student days, I didn’t grasp it quickly, either.
Land R, Cousin G, Meyer JHF and Davies P (2005). Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge (3): Implications for course design and evaluation. In Rust C (ed.) Improving Student Learning – equality and diversity. Oxford: OCSLD.
Meyer JHF and Land R (2003). Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge (I): linkages to ways of thinking and practising. In Rust C (ed.), Improving Student Learning – ten years on. Oxford:OCSLD.
Meyer JHF, Land R and Davies P (2006). Implications of threshold concepts for course desing and evalutation. In Meyer JHF and Land R (eds.) Overcoming Barriers to Student Understanding: threshold comcepts and troublesome knowledge. London and New York:Routledge.
Scott J, Harlow A, Peter M and Cowie B. (2010). Threshold Comcepts and Introductory Electronics. Proceedings of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Sydney. |
शिक्षा विभाग की ओर से शुक्रवार को जींद सक्षम और अलेवा में सक्षम प्लस की परीक्षा करवाई गई। इसमें जींद सक्षम के ४१ और अलेवा सक्षम प्लस के ४४ स्कूलों में परीक्षा करवाई गई। दो घंटों तक चली इस परीक्षा में काफी संख्या में विद्यार्थियों ने अपनी उपस्थिति दर्ज करवाई।
जिला मौलिक शिक्षा अधिकारी दिलजीत सिंह ने बताया कि शुक्रवार को सक्षम और सक्षम प्लस के लिए परीक्षा का आयोजन किया गया था। इसमें काफी संख्या में बच्चों ने अपनी उपस्थिति दर्ज करवाई है। उन्होंने बताया कि जींद के ४१ और अलेवा के ४४ स्कूल में यह परीक्षा आयोजित की गई थी। इसके लिए कई दिनों से तैयारी चल रही थी। इसके लिए प्री सक्षम परीक्षा का आयोजन भी किया जा चुका था।
सक्षम ब्लाक के लिए जींद ने पहले भी परीक्षा दी थी, लेकिन जींद ब्लाक पूरी तरह से सक्षम नहीं हो सका था। इसके चलते अब जींद ब्लाक के विद्यार्थियों की सक्षम परीक्षा दोबारा करवाई गई है। इसी प्रकार से अलेवा ब्लाक पूरी तरह से सक्षम हो चुका था और उसका चयन सक्षम प्लस के लिए हुआ था। इसी के चलते आज अलेवा ब्लाक की परीक्षा सक्षम प्लस के लिए हुई थी।
अलेवा|खंड अलेवा को अंग्रेजी विषय में सक्षम प्लस बनाने के लिए शुक्रवार को एक खंड स्तरीय परीक्षा हुई। इस दौरान खंड शिक्षा अधिकारी घासीराम ने परीक्षा केंद्रों का निरीक्षण किया। वहीं परीक्षा को नकल रहित बनाने के लिए खंड शिक्षा अधिकारी नरवाना बलजीत पूनिया, कल्याण सिंह जींद, खंड शिक्षा अधिकारी उचाना पवन व डाइट ईक्कस से सतीश कुमार बिजेंद्र सिंह ने निरीक्षण किया। खंड शिक्षा अधिकारी घासी राम ने बताया कि सक्षम प्लस के लिए खंड के विभिन्न गांवों के ४४ स्कूलों में परीक्षा का आयोजन किया गया। सक्षम प्लस परीक्षा में १८९३ कुल बच्चों में से १८४१ बच्चों ने परीक्षा दी। जबकि ५२ विद्यार्थी परीक्षा से गैर हाजिर रहे। सक्षम प्लस परीक्षा में विभिन्न गांवों के राजकीय स्कूलों के चौथी, ६ वीं व ८ वीं कक्षा के विद्यार्थियों ने हिस्सा लिया।
अलेवा। खंड अलेवा के एक सरकारी स्कूल में परीक्षा देते बच्चे। |
सामान्य जीवनयापन करते हुए व्यक्ति स्वयं से अधिक विचार-विमर्श नहीं करता। उसका वैचारिक मंथन केवल दैनिक आवश्यकताओं की वस्तुओं तथा उनके उपभोग की व्यवस्था करने तक सीमित रहता है। जहां जीवन में कठिनाई आई नहीं कि भविष्य की चिंता में सोच-सोचकर मनुष्य तन-मन से कमजोर होता जाता है। संकट के समय व्यक्ति की संचेतना जाग्रत हो उठती है। इस समय उसका कर्तव्य यही होना चाहिए कि वह अपने हृदय में उठती संचेतना के प्रति स्थिर रहे। वह संकटमुक्त होने के उपरांत भी संचेत रहे।
कष्टों के दौरान व्यक्ति में जीवन संबंधी श्रेष्ठताओं का विचार उभरने लगता है। उसमें हर परिस्थिति तथा जीवन के बारे में उठने वाली प्रत्येक मनोवैज्ञानिक स्थिति का बहुकोणीय विश्लेषण करने की शक्ति उत्पन्न हो जाती है। तब जीवन के प्रत्येक घटनाक्रम पर आत्ममंथन प्रारंभ हो जाता है। किंतु यह बात विचारणीय ही नहीं अपितु व्यावहारिक भी है कि संकट के समय व्यक्ति केवल वैचारिक स्तर पर श्रेष्ठ बने रहकर जीवन नहीं चला सकता। उसे जीने के लिए अनिवार्य खान-पान, वस्त्र, आवास इत्यादि भौतिक वस्तुओं के लिए शारीरिक परिश्रम भी करना पड़ता है।
सामान्य जीवन में अचानक आई विपदा से कमजोर पड़ा व्यक्ति नए सिरे से जीवन संभालने के प्रति भावनात्मक रूप से तो आशावान रहता है परंतु व्यावहारिक रूप से वह निराशा से घिरा होता है। यदि व्यक्ति की युवावस्था निकल गई हो तो उसे अत्यधिक कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पड़ता है। ऐसी परिस्थितियों में व्यक्ति का आत्मविश्वास ही उसका सबसे बड़ा साथी होता है। किसी नए व जटिल लगने वाले कार्य को करने के लिए विचार, नीति और क्रियान्वयन की आवश्यकता तो होती ही है परंतु ऐसे कार्य की सफलता करने वाले के सतत आत्मविश्वास पर ही टिकी होती है। कोई भी काम व्यावहारिक स्वरूप में आने से पहले एक विचार मात्र ही होता है। कर्ता का आत्मविश्वास ही कार्य की परिणति निर्धारित करता है।
मृत्यु के निकट पहुंचा व्यक्ति भी जीवन के प्रति समुत्पन्न आत्मविश्वास के सहारे वापस जीवन मार्ग पर चलने लगता है। जीवनकाल में अनेक असफलताओं का सामना करने वाला अगर अपना आत्मविश्वास बनाए रखता है तो एक न एक दिन उसे इच्छित सफलता अवश्य मिलती है। विचार का प्रभावमंडल विचारशक्ति की तुलना में उसके लिए अर्जित आत्मविश्वास से अधिक बढ़ता है।
इसी प्रकार कार्य में शत-प्रतिशत सफलता कार्यबल से ज्यादा उसके प्रति सच्ची निष्ठा से निर्धारित होती है। निष्ठा की लगन आत्मविश्वास से ही संभव हो पाती है। विचारवान बनने के बाद व्यक्ति जीवन में हर कार्य कर सकता है और इस हेतु ऊर्जा का जो सबसे प्रभावशाली संसाधन है, वह आत्मविश्वास ही है। यदि व्यक्ति अपने जीवन में आत्मविश्वास की शक्ति पहचान ले तो उसे उसके लक्षित मार्ग पर पहुंचने से कोई भी नहीं डिगा सकता। वास्तव में आत्मिक रूप से उत्पन्न किसी कल्याणकारी विचार का सर्वोत्तम व्यवहार में परिवर्तित होना ही आत्मविश्वास की सरल व्याख्या है। आवश्यकता इस व्याख्या को जीवन में गहरे उतारने की है।
किसी व्यक्ति के जीवन में विश्वास शब्द का अस्तित्व उसके सामान्य जीवन परिवेश की देन है। परंतु आत्मविश्वास प्रत्येक व्यक्ति की अपनी स्वयं की विचार शक्ति होती है, जिसके प्रताप से वह जीवन में अपने समुचित उद्देश्यों की प्राप्ति के लिए सदैव प्रयासरत रहता है। जब हम अपने चारों ओर किसी के लिए भी किसी के द्वारा या अपने साथ संवाद करते समय अपने लिए भी आत्मविश्वास शब्द की आंतरिक ऊर्जा से परिचित होते हैं तो हम आत्मविश्वास से संबद्ध व्यक्तियों की किन्हीं अज्ञात जीवन-शक्तियों के संपर्क में होते हैं। मनुष्य का जीवन किन अर्थों, आधारों, बातों व विचारों के बल पर मूल्यवान बनता है, इसका व्यक्तिगत आभास हमें आत्मविश्वास से ही मिलता है।
आत्मविश्वासी होने में इतनी ऊर्जा संगठित होती है कि मनुष्य अपने एक ही जीवन को अनेक बार सकारात्मक होकर रूपांतरित कर सकता है। आत्मविश्वास के दिव्य प्रभाव में मनुष्य अपने सर्वश्रेष्ठ सामर्थ्य को पहचान पाता है। समाज में या मनुष्यों के मध्य रहते हुए सभी के साथ कल्याण, प्रेम भावना सहित जीवनयापन करने के लिए जिस आत्मबल की हमें सतत आवश्यकता होती है, उसका आरंभिक स्रोत आत्मविश्वास ही है।
मनुष्य किसी भी बात के लिए किसी दूसरे मनुष्य पर चाहे विश्वास करे या न करे, किंतु उसे सार्वभौमिक सुख-शांति के प्रथम उद्देश्य हेतु स्वयं को आत्मविश्वास के साथ देखना अवश्य आना चाहिए। |
I’ll just be a minute!
This isn’t just! It’s not fair at all!
Here we can see two very different uses of the word just. How is it that we use it in such different ways?
The word just comes from the Latin jus, meaning law or right. From this we can clearly see how its use in the second sentence (as an adjective), meaning right or fair, came about.
The other, much more common use (as an adverb), meaning only, barely, or merely split off on a bit of a tangent from this meaning. In Middle English, just was used to mean exactly, precisely, or punctually (which we can still see today in phrases like just right). This isn’t too different from the sense of right. If something’s exactly how you want it, it’s right for you. Just right.
It’s not too difficult then to imagine how the meaning of just as exact gradually drifted from this to mean only or simply. If something is exact, it’s singular, the only way you want something. We can also use only (originally meaning one-like) to mean barely or merely (as barely and merely related to a quantity mean close to one).
I think that through this association between just and only, and then between only and barely/merely, led to the gradual association between just and merely/barely.
It’s just that simple! |
YOU may hate forgetting things, but healthy brains need to be able to lose old memories. Now a protein that is key to forgetting has been identified in flies, and used to speed and slow the decay of painful recollections.
It is not known if the protein has this role in people, but the finding is intriguing because the processes that underlie forgetting are largely unknown.
Yi Zhong and colleagues at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York knew that a protein called Rac has abnormal activity in people with cognitive disabilities. So they engineered fruit flies' genes to enhance or repress the activity of Rac in their brains and taught them to associate a smell with an electric shock. Flies with hyperactive Rac seemed to forget the association faster than normal, and those with low activity ...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content. |
In this study, the authors describe how they created a new way to categorize sign languages by direction of movement, thereby establishing the relationship between six distinct sign languages without depending on grammar.
Is it possible to identify sign languages by their prosody, that is, the rhythm and stress of sign production, and then determine if they are related to each other or other sign languages? If so, reasoned authors Donna Jo Napoli, Mark Mai, and Nicholas Gaw, perhaps they could offer such identification as a new way to typologize, or categorize sign languages by their structural features. Their new collaboration Primary Movement in Sign Languages: A Study of Six Languages traces the process and findings from this unique investigation.
Resolving on the direction of movement as the prosodic factor to track, they began their research by comparing five sign languages: American Sign Language (ASL), British Sign Language (BSL), Italian Sign Language (LIS), French Sign Language (LSF), and Australian Sign Language (Auslan). They soon discovered that the languages in their study clustered with respect to several characteristics along genetic lines, with BSL and Auslan contrasting with LSF, LIS, and ASL. They learned that sign languages with the same geographic origin evolved differently when relocated, and they isolated differences in each individual sign language. They compared four of these established sign languages with the newly emerging Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL), with the exception of ASL due to their past close contact, thereby validating their work as the first study to identify sign language relationships without depending on grammar.
Donna Jo Napoli is Professor of Linguistics, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA.
Mark Mai, a student at the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, received his BA in linguistics at Swarthmore College.
Nicholas Gaw, a political professional in Washington, DC, received his BA in history and linguistics at Swarthmore College. |
Each classroom, from toddlers to our oldest Preschool 2 environment, is prepared with learning centers. Creative art, math, literacy, manipulatives and puzzles, construction, daily living and cooking, nature nooks and group time areas are designed with an understanding of the physical, social and academic needs of the children within each classroom.
Recognizing that young children learn most effectively when they explore and manipulate concrete materials, the level 1 Montessori educational along with the Rolf Learning Tools and other hands-on products are found within each environment. These materials are key in the foundation foal l later learning; concentration, eye-hand coordination, and completing a cycle of activity. Developing a sensitivity to our natural world takes place inside as each classroom has living plants and a classroom pet.
Our goal is to provide opportunities for each child to develop their skills individually as well as in small groups. When children feel successful, they are excited to share their accomplishments with their peers. Each class has a short group time experience which encourages development of social skills; listening, taking turns, speaking in front of their peers and showing respect for others.
The materials within each classroom regularly change based upon staff observations of the needs and interest of their children. |
डिजिटल डेस्क। हॉकी के महान खिलाड़ी व जादूगर कहे जाने वाले मेजर ध्यानचंद का आज ११४वां जन्मदिन है। ध्यानचंद के जन्मदिन को राष्ट्रीय खेल दिवस के रूप में भी मनाया जाता है। इसी दिन सर्वोच्च खेल सम्मान राजीव गांधी खेल रत्न के अलावा अर्जुन, ध्यानचंद और द्रोणाचार्य पुरस्कार भी दिए जाते हैं। ध्यानचंद का जन्म २९ अगस्त १९०५ में इलाहाबाद में हुआ था। ध्यानचंद को खेल जगत की दुनिया में 'दद्दा' कहकर भी पुकारते हैं।
ध्यानचंद अपनी असाधारण गोल करने की क्षमता के लिए जाने जाते थे। उन्होंने क्रमशः १९२८, १९३२ और १९३६ में ३ ओलंपिक गोल्ड मेडल जीते। अपने बेहतर बॉल कंट्रोल के लिए द जादूगर या हॉकी के जादूगर के रूप में विख्यात ध्यानचंद को भारत सरकार ने १९५६ में भारत के तीसरे सर्वोच्च नागरिक सम्मान पद्म भूषण से सम्मानित किया था। महान हॉकी खिलाड़ी की ११४ वीं जयंती पर, यहां देखिए उनके बारे में कुछ रोचक बातें।
ध्यानचंद का जन्म इलाहाबाद में मां शारदा सिंह और पिता रामेश्वर सिंह के घर हुआ था। उनके पिता ब्रिटिश भारतीय सेना में थे, और उन्होंने सेना में हॉकी खेली थी। ध्यानचंद की १७ वें जन्मदिन पर ब्रिटिश भारतीय सेना के १ ब्राहमणों में एक सिपाही (निजी) के रूप में भर्ती हुई थी। जो बाद में १/१ पंजाब रेजिमेंट के नाम से जानी जाती थी। चंद ने विशेष रूप से १922 और १926 के बीच सेना के लिए हॉकी टूर्नामेंट और रेजिमेंटल गेम्स खेले।
१७ मई १९२८ में भारतीय राष्ट्रीय हॉकी टीम ने ऑस्ट्रिया के खिलाफ़ अपना ओलंपिक डेब्यू किया था। जिसमें चंद ने ३ गोल करके भारत को ६-० से जीत दिलाई थी। ध्यानचंद ने १९२८ के एम्स्टर्डम ओलंपिक में सबसे अधिक १४ गोल किए थे। तीन साल बाद, प्राधिकरण ने अंतर-प्रांतीय टूर्नामेंट के दौरान एक नई ओलंपिक टीम का चयन किया। इफ ने आर्मी स्पोर्ट्स कंट्रोल बोर्ड को लिखा कि, वह ध्यानचंद को नेशनल हॉकी में भाग लेने के लिए छोड़ दें। लेकिन, आर्मी स्पोर्ट्स कंट्रोल बोर्ड ने ध्यानचंद को छोड़ने के लिए मना कर दिया था। हालांकि, इफ ने बिना किसी औपचारिकता के ओलंपिक टीम के लिए चंद को चुना था।
लॉस एंजिल्स ओलंपिक के दौरान, चंद ने अपने भाई रूप के साथ मिलकर भारत के लिए ३५ गोलों में से २५ गोल किए। बर्लिन ओलंपिक के दौरान, चांद को एक बार फिर बिना औपचारिकताओं के चुना गया। चंद ने ३ गोल, दारा ने २ और रूप सिंह, तपसेल और जाफर ने १-१ गोल कर भारत को फाइनल में जर्मनी के खिलाफ ८-१ से जीत दिलाई थी। उन्होंने अपने १9२6 से १94८ तक के करियर में ४०० से अधिक गोल किए।
ध्यानचंद ५१ वर्ष की आयु में सेना से सेवानिवृत्त हुए। उन्होंने अपनी सेवानिवृत्ति के समय मेजर का पद संभाला था। चंद की आत्मकथा, ,'गोल' को स्पोर्ट एंड पेस्टाइम, मद्रास ने १९५२ में प्रकाशित किया था। भारत सरकार ने उनके सम्मान में २००२ में दिल्ली के नेशनल स्टेडियम का नाम बदल कर ध्यानचंद कर दिया था। |
मुरैना~~ नगर परिषद कैलारस की अध्यक्षा के भ्रष्टाचार की जांच व अनियमित्तायो की जांच की मांग को लेकर ब्लॉक कांग्रेस कमेटी कैलारस द्वारा शनिवार १५ जून को पुरानी सब्जी मंडी चौराहे पर बुलाई गई जन पंचायत स्थागित कर दी गई है। ब्लॉक कांग्रेश के अध्यक्ष राजेंद्र शुक्ला ने बताया कि जिन बिन्दुयो को लेकर नगर परिषद कैलारस में हुए भ्रस्टाचार की जांच की मांग पर तहसीलदार महोदया द्वारा कलेक्टर महोदया मुरैना एवं एसडीएम महोदय सबलगढ़ से चर्चा करने के उपरांत ब्लॉक कांग्रेस कमेटी कैलारस को एक लिखित पत्र इस आशय का दिया है कि ब्लॉक कांग्रेस कमेटी कैलारस द्वारा दिए गए लिखित ज्ञापन के सभी बिंदुओं की सात दिवस में जांच कराकर वैधानिक कार्यवाही की जावेगी ।
अध्यक्ष राजेंद्र शुक्ला ने बताया कि उक्त पत्र प्रशासन ने देर रात्रि में जारी किया और १५ जून की जन पंचायत प्रस्तावित थी इसलिए सुबह पुरानी सब्जी मंडी में एकत्रित कार्यकर्तायों के बीच सबलगढ़ विधायक एडवोकेट बैजनाथ कुशवाहा ने पहुचकर कार्य कर्तायो को बताया कि शासन स्तर से ज्ञापन के समस्त बिंदुओं पर प्रभावी कार्रवाई कराने का भरोसा दिलाया है।यदि प्रशासन द्वारा सात दिवस के अंतर्गत ज्ञापन के बिंदुओं पर जांच कर वैधानिक कार्यवाही नहीं की तो ब्लॉक कांग्रेस कमेटी द्वारा फिर से नगर परिषद की अध्यक्षा द्वारा लगातार किए जा रहे भ्रष्टाचार के विरुद्ध एक विशाल जन पंचायत बुलाई जाएगी एवं ब्लॉक कांग्रेस कमेटी कैलारस का एक प्रतिनिधिमंडल नगर परिषद अध्यक्षा के द्वारा किए गए भ्रष्टाचार पर एफ आई आर कराने की मांग को लेकर भोपाल में माननीय मुख्यमंत्री महोदय एवं माननीय स्थानीय शासन के मंत्री महोदय से मिलने जाएगा और हमें उक्त मामले में प्रभावी कार्यवाही करवाएगा। प्रशासन के लिखित आस्वाशन के बाद जन पंचायत स्थगित कर दी है।इस अवसर पर विधायक बैजनाथ कुशवाह, ब्लॉक् कांग्रेश कमेटी कैलारस के अध्यक्ष राजेंद्र शुक्ला पूर्व मंडी अध्यक्ष ,रामलाल धाकड़ पूर्व ब्लॉक अध्यक्ष ,केशव प्रसाद गोयनर नगर परिषद उपाध्यक्ष, नंदकिशोर शर्मा पूर्व पार्षद ,सुरेश उपाध्याय विधान सभा प्रवक्ता, ब्रजमोहन मर्रेया पूर्व मंडी अध्यक्ष ,गनपत राम पटेल, बिंदु कुरेशी , संदीप मर्रेया, साबिर पठान, नरहरि शर्मा , प्रवीण शर्मा, डॉ शम्मा कुरेशी, शिवचरण शाक्य, मोहन श्रीवास, राजकुमार सिंघल ,डॉ धनीराम कुशवाह, संजय शाक्य, गिर्राज रजक, विजेंद्र गौर ,विनोद शर्मा, बंटी उपाध्याय , पप्पू शर्मा ,भोलू सिकरवार, रफीक मोहम्मद, महेंद्र शर्मा, टिंकू सिकरवार आदि कांग्रेश कार्यकर्ता मौजूद रहे। |
There are many different eye conditions that can cause us problems. Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that cause damage to the optic nerve, which is the main pathway between the eyes and the brain. The optic nerve also carries a vital supply of blood and nutrients to the eye to keep it healthy. Glaucoma occurs when there is too much pressure inside the eyes and this places pressure onto the optic nerve, damaging it and causing vision loss. Any vision loss as a result of glaucoma is permanent.
There is a range of different tests that your eye doctor may use to check whether or not you are affected by glaucoma. Ready to find out more?
An eye pressure that is higher than normal is one of the key indicators of glaucoma, so it makes sense that one of the first checks your eye doctor will carry out is an evaluation of your intraocular pressure. This test is called tonometry, and the most common method of doing this is using a very small instrument that contacts the surface of the eye. The test is painless, since you’ll be given eye drops to numb them first, and it takes just a few seconds to perform.
Loss of peripheral vision is considered to be another primary symptom of glaucoma. Peripheral vision refers to the very edges of your vision – what you can notice out of the corners of your eyes when looking straight ahead, such as detecting movement. Peripheral vision is one of the first aspects of eyesight that is compromised by glaucoma and a functional visual field test will enable your eye doctor to determine if you have been affected and if so, how significantly. Again, visual field testing isn’t painful and only takes a couple of minutes for each eye.
A dilated eye exam forms part of many comprehensive eye tests so maybe something that you are already used to. As its name suggests, it involves special eyedrops being used to dilate your pupils so that they are much larger. This will enable your eye doctor to see through them and obtain magnified, 3D views of your optic nerve so that can check for any abnormalities.
You may be surprised to learn that the thickness of your cornea can make a difference to the amount of pressure that’s inside your eyes. A thin cornea can result in low eye pressure, while the thicker it is, the higher your intraocular pressure may be. Corneal thickness is measured with a test called pachymetry and involves the eyes being numbed so that a small probe can be used to obtain the measurement.
There are several types of glaucoma. The most common is known as open-angle glaucoma, accounting for about 90% of cases. Narrow/closed-angle glaucoma is quite rare but develops much more quickly than open glaucoma and needs to be treated extremely quickly to prevent any further vision loss. Angle testing, also known as gonioscopy, is a simple procedure that enables your eye doctor to see the angle of your glaucoma. Again, your eyes will need to be numbed so that the gonioscopy lens can be touched gently to the cornea.
For more information about glaucoma and how it is diagnosed, visit Okaloosa Eye Care in Crestview, FL. Call (850) 608-0003 to schedule an appointment today. |
Payroll processing for a single pay period can sometimes take two or three days to complete because it is a detailed process. One of the most time-consuming (and first) tasks of payroll processing involves figuring employees’ time. During performing the calculations, you must also convert the employees’ time.
Gather hourly employees’ weekly time sheets. Hourly employees are paid based on their hours worked within the current pay period--the period of time for which they are being paid. The time sheets should reflect each employee’s regular, overtime, vacation, sick or personal time used for that week. Some employees use time sheets that are completed by hand; others punch time clocks. Ensure that the employee and his manager or supervisor signs the time sheet. If it's not signed, return it for the appropriate signatures.
Go through the time cards and convert military time to regular time. If the time sheet is completed by hand, you most likely can skip this step because the employee would have used regular time to record his hours. If the employee uses a time clock that records his punches in military time, you must convert it. Use the following example to convert military time to regular time: In--900; lunch in--1300; lunch out--1400; out--1900 equals in--9 a.m.; lunch in--1p.m.; lunch out--2 p.m.; out--7 p.m. The employee should be paid for eight regular hours and one hour of overtime, provided he has 40 regular hours for the week.
Change decimals to minutes. The employee’s time sheet might reflect decimals instead of minutes. Use the following formula to do the conversion: 0 - .25 equals 15 minutes 26 -.50 equals 30 minutes .51 - .75 equals 45 minutes .76 - .99 equals 60 minutes
Round up hourly employees’ time to the nearest quarter hour. The employee or the time clock generally records the exact punches (e.g., 8:13 a.m. or 7:06 a.m.); round up as follows: 8:13 a.m. equals 8:15 a.m. 7:06 a.m. equals 7 a.m.
Total the time sheet columns based on your conversions for each day. The regular and overtime columns should both be converted. For example, your regular column conversion reflects: Monday: 8 hours Tuesday: 7 hours and 30 minutes Wednesday: 6 hours and 15 minutes Thursday: 8 hours Friday: 7 hours and 45 minutes The regular column total should read 37 hours and 30 minutes. |
September is National Preparedness Month. This month serves as a reminder for all Californians to ensure they have a plan in place in the event of an emergency or natural disaster, such as a large flood or wildfire.
As we have seen most recently with the devastating wildfires across the State, it is crucial that Californians are prepared. Having an emergency preparedness kit on hand and ready to go will ensure that you and your family will be ready whenever disaster strikes.
Emergency preparedness kits should include essential items that will help sustain you, your family, and your pets for several days. Always make sure your preparedness kit is customized to meet the unique needs of your family and remember to periodically check supplies and refresh water, food, batteries, and first aid items when needed.
Below is a list of items to get you started:
- Water (one gallon per person per day for at least three days, for drinking and sanitation)
- Food (at least a three-day supply of non-perishable food)
- Battery-powered or hand crank radio and a NOAA Weather Radio with tone alert
- First aid kit
- Extra batteries
- Whistle (to signal for help)
- Dust mask (to help filter contaminated air)
- Plastic sheeting and duct tape (to shelter in place)
- Moist towelettes, garbage bags, and plastic ties (for personal sanitation)
- Wrench or pliers (to turn off utilities)
- Manual can opener (for food)
- Local maps
- Cell phone with chargers and a backup battery
The Centers for Disease Control also started recommending in 2020 that families have additional items in their emergency preparedness kit to prevent the spread of Coronavirus and other infectious diseases.
The following items are now recommended:
- Cloth face coverings (for everyone ages 2 and above)
- Hand sanitizer
- Disinfecting wipes to disinfect surfaces
Additional items for consideration, include:
- Prescription medications
- Non-prescription medications such as pain relievers, anti-diarrhea medication, antacids, or laxatives
- Prescription eyeglasses and contact lens solution
- Infant formula, bottles, diapers, wipes, and diaper rash cream
- Pet food and extra water for your pet
- Cash or traveler's checks
- Important family documents such as copies of insurance policies, identification and bank account records saved electronically or in a waterproof, portable container
- Sleeping bag or warm blanket for each person
- Complete change of clothing appropriate for your climate and sturdy shoes
- Fire extinguisher
- Matches in a waterproof container
- Feminine supplies and personal hygiene items
- Mess kits, paper cups, plates, paper towels and plastic utensils
- Paper and pencil
- Books, games, puzzles or other activities for children
For more information on how and where to store your emergency preparedness kit, check out Ready.gov.
And for more information on National Preparedness Month be sure to visit the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services website. |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.