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https://openalex.org/W1526114719
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Preequilibrium neutron emission in the reactions<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Zr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts /><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>90</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow /></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pb</mmlβ¦
|
The reactions $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$, $^{208}(\mathit{p}$,xn) have been measured with 80.5 MeV protons in the neutron continuum ${E}_{n}$>20 MeV and the angular range 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\le}145\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Whereas the angle-integrated spectrum can be explained by semiclassical preequilibrium models, this nucleon-nucleon scattering approach fails at far backward angles. In contrast, the quantum statistical multistep calculations give good agreement. They are indicative of a decrease of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction with increasing nucleon energy.
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https://openalex.org/W1526355836
|
Location and Encapsidation of the Coat Protein Cistron of Tobacco Mosaic Virus
|
The coat protein cistron of tobacco mosaic virus has been located on the viral RNA starting between 975 and 1050 nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxyl end. This locates its 5' end close to the origin for virus assembly, where the first protein disk interacts with RNA. It also means that the coat protein mRNA must have a short 5'-untranslated tail and a long (over 500 nucleotides) 3' one. The recovery of characteristic oligonucleotides in nuclease-protected rods during the growth from RNA and a protein disk preparation shows that elongation of the nucleated rods proceeds independently in both directions though, on average, much more rapidly along the longer 5' tail than the shorter 3' tail. Protected RNA of length equal to that in the complete virion is first seen within 6 min, showing that the most rapidly elongated particles are substantially complete by this time.
|
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https://openalex.org/W1526478330
|
Sources of intravascular ATP during exercise in humans: critical role for skeletal muscle perfusion
|
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Plasma ATP increases during exercise in humans, but whether ATP originates predominantly from extravascular (nerves and muscle) or intravascular sources (blood and endothelial cells) is unclear. What is the main finding and its importance? The collective observations indicate that neither sympathetic nerves nor active skeletal muscle are likely to be the origin of intravascular ATP during dynamic muscle contractions in humans. Furthermore, elevations in skeletal muscle perfusion are requisite to increase and maintain high plasma ATP during exercise, suggesting ATP release from an intravascular cell source. Exercise hyperaemia is regulated by several factors, and one factor known to increase with exercise that evokes a powerful vasomotor action is extracellular ATP. The origin of ATP detected in plasma from exercising muscle of humans is, however, a matter of debate, and ATP has been suggested to arise from sympathetic nerves, blood sources (e.g. erythrocytes), endothelial cells and skeletal myocytes, among others. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that acute augmentation of sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) results in elevated plasma ATP draining skeletal muscle, and that SNA superimposition during exercise increases ATP more than exercise alone. We showed that increased SNA via β40 mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at rest did not increase plasma ATP (51 Β± 8 nmol l β1 at rest versus 58 Β± 7 nmol l β1 with LBNP), nor did it increase [ATP] above levels observed during rhythmic handβgrip exercise (79 Β± 11 nmol l β1 with exercise alone versus 71 Β± 8 nmol l β1 with LBNP). Next, we tested the hypothesis that active perfusion of skeletal muscle is essential to observe increased plasma ATP during exercise. We showed that complete obstruction of blood flow to contracting muscle abolished exerciseβmediated increases in plasma ATP (from 90 Β± 19 to 49 Β± 12 nmol l β1 ), and that cessation of blood flow prior to exercise completely inhibited the typical rise in ATP (3 versus 61%, obstructed versus intact perfusion). The lack of change in ATP during occlusion occurred in the face of continued muscular work and elevated SNA, indicating that the rise of intravascular ATP did not result from these extravascular sources. Our collective observations indicated that the elevation in extracellular ATP observed in blood during exercise was unlikely to originate from sympathetic nerves or the contacting muscle itself, but rather was dependent on intact skeletal muscle perfusion. We conclude that an intravascular source for ATP is essential, which indicates an important role for blood sources (e.g. red blood cells) in augmenting and maintaining elevated plasma ATP during exercise.
|
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https://openalex.org/W1526556273
|
Ξ²βArrestinβ2 knockout prevents development of cellular ΞΌβopioid receptor tolerance but does not affect opioidβwithdrawalβrelated adaptations in single <scp>PAG</scp> neurons
|
Tolerance to the behavioural effects of morphine is blunted in Ξ²-arrestin-2 knockout mice, but opioid withdrawal is largely unaffected. The cellular mechanisms of tolerance have been studied in some neurons from Ξ²-arrestin-2 knockouts, but tolerance and withdrawal mechanisms have not been examined at the cellular level in periaqueductal grey (PAG) neurons, which are crucial for central tolerance and withdrawal phenomena.ΞΌ-Opioid receptor (MOPr) inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channel currents (ICa ) was examined by patch-clamp recordings from acutely dissociated PAG neurons from wild-type and Ξ²-arrestin-2 knockout mice treated chronically with morphine (CMT) or vehicle. Opioid withdrawal-induced activation of GABA transporter type 1 (GAT-1) currents was determined using perforated patch recordings from PAG neurons in brain slices.MOPr inhibition of ICa in PAG neurons was unaffected by Ξ²-arrestin-2 deletion. CMT impaired coupling of MOPrs to ICa in PAG neurons from wild-type mice, but this cellular tolerance was not observed in neurons from CMT Ξ²-arrestin-2 knockouts. However, Ξ²-arrestin-2 knockouts displayed similar opioid-withdrawal-induced activation of GAT-1 currents as wild-type PAG neurons.In Ξ²-arrestin-2 knockout mice, the central neurons involved in the anti-nociceptive actions of opioids also fail to develop cellular tolerance to opioids following chronic morphine. The results also provide the first cellular physiological evidence that opioid withdrawal is not disrupted by Ξ²-arrestin-2 deletion. However, the unaffected basal sensitivity to opioids in PAG neurons provides further evidence that changes in basal MOPr sensitivity cannot account for the enhanced acute nociceptive response to morphine reported in Ξ²-arrestin-2 knockouts.This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
|
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] |
https://openalex.org/W1526836557
|
Fullβlength prion protein aggregates to amyloid fibrils and spherical particles by distinct pathways
|
As limited structural information is available on prion protein (PrP) misfolding and aggregation, a causative link between the specific (supra)molecular structure of PrP and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies remains to be elucidated. In this study, high pressure was utilized, as an approach to perturb protein structure, to characterize different morphological and structural PrP aggregates. It was shown that full-length recombinant PrP undergoes beta-sheet aggregation on high-pressure-induced destabilization. By tuning the physicochemical conditions, the assembly process evolves through two distinct pathways leading to the irreversible formation of spherical particles or amyloid fibrils, respectively. When the PrP aggregation propensity is enhanced, high pressure induces the formation of a partially unfolded aggregated protein, Agg(HP), which relaxes at ambient pressure to form amorphous aggregates. The latter largely retain the native secondary structure. On prolonged incubation at high pressure, followed by depressurization, Agg(HP) transforms to a monodisperse population of spherical particles of about 20 nm in diameter, characterized by an essentially beta-sheet secondary structure. When the PrP aggregation propensity is decreased, an oligomeric reaction intermediate, I(HP), is formed under high pressure. After pressure release, I(HP) relaxes to the original native structure. However, on prolonged incubation at high pressure and subsequent depressurization, it transforms to amyloid fibrils. Structural evaluation, using optical spectroscopic methods, demonstrates that the conformation adopted by the subfibrillar oligomeric intermediate, I(HP), constitutes a necessary prerequisite for the formation of amyloids. The use of high-pressure perturbation thus provides an insight into the molecular mechanism of the first stages of PrP misfolding into amyloids.
|
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https://openalex.org/W1527024319
|
RDMAS: a web server for RNA deleterious mutation analysis
|
Abstract Background The diverse functions of ncRNAs critically depend on their structures. Mutations in ncRNAs disrupting the structures of functional sites are expected to be deleterious. RNA deleterious mutations have attracted wide attentions because some of them in cells result in serious disease, and some others in microbes influence their fitness. Results The RDMAS web server we describe here is an online tool for evaluating structural deleteriousness of single nucleotide mutation in RNA genes. Several structure comparison methods have been integrated; sub-optimal structures predicted can be optionally involved to mitigate the uncertainty of secondary structure prediction. With a user-friendly interface, the web application is easy to use. Intuitive illustrations are provided along with the original computational results to facilitate quick analysis. Conclusion RDMAS can be used to explore the structure alterations which cause mutations pathogenic, and to predict deleterious mutations which may help to determine the functionally critical regions. RDMAS is freely accessed via http://biosrv1.bmi.ac.cn/rdmas .
|
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https://openalex.org/W1527092281
|
Influence of asimadoline, a new ΞΊβopioid receptor agonist, on tubular water absorption and vasopressin secretion in man
|
Aims The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of asimadoline, a new ΞΊ βopioid agonist, on renal function and on hormones related to body fluid balance as well as its tolerability in healthy subjects. Methods In a placeboβcontrolled, randomised, doubleβblind crossover design we studied the effects of single oral doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg of asimadoline, in 24 healthy volunteers. Two hour control urine collections were followed by 2 h postdose urine collections and subsequently 2.5% saline was given i.v. at a rate of 0.3 ml min β1 kg β1 during another 2 h urine collection. Blood was obtained hourly. Arginineβvasopressin (AVP), atrial natriuretic peptide (Ξ±βhANP), endothelin (ETβ1) and cAMP were determined by r.i.a. or ELISA. Results GCβMS measurements revealed C max values of asimadoline in plasma ranging from 18 ng ml β1 at the 1 mg dose, 91 ng ml β1 at the 5 mg dose, to 214 ng ml β1 at the 10 mg dose after an average of 1.1β1.4 h. Without effects on blood pressure, heart rate, GFR or urine electrolyte excretion, urine volume increased after 1β2 h after administration of 5 and 10 mg asimadoline from 3.3 Β± 1.3 to 5.6 Β± 1.4 ( P < 0.05) and from 3.2 Β± 1.6 to 5.5 Β± 2.2 ml min β1 ( P < 0.01), respectively. C H2O rose from 0.2 Β± 1.5 to 2.0 Β± 1.6 ( P < 0.05) and from 0.6 Β± 1.6 to 3.0 Β± 1.6 ml min β1 ( P < 0.01). Urinary excretion of AVP was suppressed only with the 10 mg dose from 46 Β± 23 to 25 Β± 15 fmol min β1 ( P < 0.05) without and from 410 Β± 206 to 181 Β± 125 fmol min β1 ( P < 0.05) with stimulation by 2.5% saline. Plasma AVP was suppressed only by the 10 mg dose of asimadoline in six of eight subjects during the 2.5% saline infusion. Changes in the Ξ±βhANP or ETβ1 systems were not affected by asimadoline. Conclusions Asimadoline is diuretic in man after single doses of 5 or 10 mg probably through a direct effect at the renal tubular level. Suppression of AVP secretion was observed only at the highest dose level of 10 mg of asimadoline.
|
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] |
https://openalex.org/W1527146715
|
Sr and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr in rivers draining the Deccan Traps (India): Implications to weathering, Sr fluxes, and the marine <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr record around K/T
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The concentration of dissolved Sr and its 87 Sr/ 86 Sr has been measured in the headwaters of the Krishna River System and west flowing Western Ghat rivers, all of which have their drainage almost entirely in the Deccan Traps. The Sr concentration follows that of Ca and Mg with Sr/Ca and Sr/Mg ratios similar to that of Deccan basalts, suggesting that all these alkaline earths are released to waters nearly congruently from the Deccan basalts during chemical weathering. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr range from 0.70614 to 0.70986, within that reported for the Deccan basalts. The dissolved Sr flux from the Deccan calculated from the measured data is βΌ1.35 Γ 10 8 moles yr β1 , βΌ0.4% of the global riverine flux, which is nearly the same as the proportion of area covered by Deccan basalts relative to the global drainage. The flux, however, is a factor of βΌ3 lower than that reported for the NarmadaβTaptiβWainganga (NTW) rivers draining the northern Deccan. This difference in Sr flux among rivers draining the various regions of Deccan could be natural spatial/temporal variations and/or due to supply of Sr to NTW rivers from nonbasaltic sources. Model calculations on the role of emplacement and weathering of Deccan on marine Sr isotope evolution around KTB and late Tertiary show that Deccan basalts can be an important contributor to the decline in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr during these periods. It is shown that to account for the preβKTB dip in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, the flux requirement from Deccan at that time would have to be several times the contemporary flux with 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of 0.705β0.708. Considering that the area of Deccan at KTB was about thrice the present area and that the weathering rate of Deccan basalts may have been much higher in early stages following eruption, such high fluxes at about KTB seem feasible. The disproportionately higher flux requirement for Sr is similar to that invoked to explain the preβKTB decrease in 187 Os/ 188 Os. The calculations also show that the supply of unradiogenic Sr from basalts can have significant control on the longβterm, βΌ66 to βΌ55 Ma, decline of marine 87 Sr/ 86 Sr.
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https://openalex.org/W1527477169
|
Contested Terrain: A New History of Nature and People in the Adirondacks.
|
Journal Article Contested Terrain: A New History of Nature and People in the Adirondacks. By Philip G. Terrie. (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press and Blue Mountain Lake: Adirondack Museum, 1997. xxii, 223 pp. $26.95, ISBN 0-8156-0445-9) Get access David Tatham David Tatham Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 85, Issue 1, June 1998, Pages 197β198, https://doi.org/10.2307/2568448 Published: 01 June 1998
|
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https://openalex.org/W1527549358
|
Dewey, Russell, Whitehead: Philosophers as Educators
|
Hendley argues that philosophers of education should reject their preoccupation of the past 25years with defining terms and analyzing concepts and once again embrace the philosophical task of constructing general theories of education.Exemplars of that tradition are John Dewey, Bertrand Russell, and Alfred North Whitehead, who formulated theories of education that were tested. Dewey and Russell ran their own schools, and Whitehead served as a university administrator and as a member of many committees created to study education.After providing a general introduction to the present state of educational philosophy, Hendley discusses in detail the educational philosophies of Dewey, Russell, and Whitehead. He sees in these men excellent role models that contemporary philosophers might well follow. Hendley believes that like these mentors, philosophers should take a more active, practical role in education.
|
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https://openalex.org/W1527759322
|
Automated MRI analysis for identification of hippocampal atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy
|
Hippocampal sclerosis is frequently associated with hippocampal atrophy (HA), which is often observed on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Manual morphometry of the hippocampus is sensitive to detecting HA, but is time-consuming and prone to operator error. Automated MRI morphometry has the potential to provide rapid and accurate assistance in the clinical detection of HA.We performed a voxel-based morphometry analysis of 23 consecutive subjects with MTLE and 58 matched controls. Images from randomly selected 34 controls were used to create mean and standard deviation images of gray matter volume. Voxel-wise standardized Z-score hippocampal images from patients and the remaining 24 controls were cross-checked with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate sensitivity versus one-specificity rate for a binary classifier (atrophied versus normal hippocampi).The ipsilateral hippocampi of patients with MTLE displayed a significantly lower mean Z-score compared to the hippocampi of controls [F(2,67) = 33.014, p < 0.001, Tukey HSD < 0.001]. A classifier using the hippocampal gray matter Z-scores to discriminate between atrophied and normal hippocampi yielded a fitted ROC = 97.3, traditionally considered an excellent discriminator, with a standard error of classification of 1.173 individuals if 100 patients and 100 controls are studied.Automatic morphometry can be potentially used as a clinical tool to assist the detection of HA in patients with MTLE. It can provide a quantifiable estimative of atrophy, which can aid in the decision about the presence of clinically relevant HA.
|
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https://openalex.org/W1527918536
|
Estimating uncertainty in daily weather interpolations: a Bayesian framework for developing climate surfaces
|
Conservation of biodiversity demands comprehension of evolutionary and ecological patterns and processes that occur over vast spatial and temporal scales. A central goal of ecology is to understand the climatic factors that control ecological processes and this has become even more important in the face of climate change. Especially at global scales, there can be enormous uncertainty in underlying environmental data used to explain ecological processes, but that uncertainty is rarely quantified or incorporated into ecological models. In this study, a climate-aided Bayesian kriging approach is used to interpolate 20 years of daily meteorological observations (maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation) to a 1 arc-min grid for the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. Independent validation data revealed overall predictive performance of the interpolation to have R2 values of 0.90, 0.85, and 0.59 for maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation, respectively. A suite of ecologically relevant climate metrics that include the uncertainty introduced by the interpolation were then generated. By providing the high-resolution climate metric surfaces and uncertainties, this work facilitates richer and more robust predictive modelling in ecology and biogeography. These data can be incorporated into ecological models to propagate the uncertainties through to the final predictions.
|
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https://openalex.org/W1527989448
|
Role of Adenosine 3β²,5β²-Cyclic Monophosphate and Its Specific Binding Protein in the Regulation of <scp>d</scp> -Serine Deaminase Synthesis
|
Adenosine 3β²,5β²-cyclic monophosphate (cyAMP) and the cyAMP-binding protein are necessary for efficient induction of d -serine deaminase (Dsdase) synthesis in dsdC + dsdO + and dsdC dsdO + strains of Escherichia coli K-12, and for constitutive synthesis in dsdC dsdO + strains. Neither is required in dsdO strains, confirming previous indications that in dsdO mutants Dsdase synthesis is not subject to catabolite repression control. Since efficient Dsdase synthesis in dsdC + and dsdC strains that are dsdO + requires the cyAMP-binding protein, which acts at the level of transcription in other systems, it is concluded that catabolite repression acts at the level of transcription of the Dsdase structural gene. Since catabolite repression is reversed by the inducer, d -serine in dsdC dsdO + strains, it is concluded that induction also acts at the level of transcription in this system. The dsdC strains were found to be much more sensitive to induction by d -serine than are dsdC + strains under conditions of catabolite repression, whether the repression was caused by glucose or by loss of ability to form cyAMP or cyAMP-binding protein. This suggests that a d -serine- dsdC complex may be able to replace partially the cyAMP:cyAMP-binding protein action in initiation of Dsdase messenger ribonucleic acid synthesisβa positive control effect.
|
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] |
https://openalex.org/W1528181957
|
Expression of Rhizobium trifolii early nodulation genes on maize and rice plants
|
An IncQ multicopy vector (pKT230) and an IncP1 low-copy-number vector (pRK290), both carrying Rhizobium trifolii root hair curling (Hac) genes, were transferred to a Sym plasmid-cured derivative of R. trifolii ANU843. The resulting transconjugants were used to inoculate the monocotyledonous plants sorghum, maize, rice, and wheat. Transconjugants carrying the Hac genes on the multicopy vector caused a root hair curling response on maize and rice plants 14 days after inoculation.
|
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] |
https://openalex.org/W1528189893
|
Diel vertical migration and spatial overlap between fish larvae and zooplankton in two tropical lakes, Brazil
|
The effect of fish larvae on the diel vertical migration of the zooplankton community was investigated in two tropical lakes, Finado Raimundo and Pintado lakes, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Nocturnal and diurnal samplings were conducted in the limnetic region of each lake for 10 consecutive months from April 2008 to January 2009. The zooplankton community presented a wide range of responses to the predation pressure exerted by fish larvae in both environments, while fish larvae showed a typical pattern of normal diel vertical migration. Our results also demonstrated that the diel vertical migration is an important behaviour to avoid predation, since it reduces the spatial overlap between prey and potential predator, thus supporting the hypothesis that vertical migration is a defence mechanism against predation.
|
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π PaperSeek: OpenAlex English Titles & Abstracts (April 2025 Snapshot)
This dataset is part of the PaperSeek framework, a semantic search engine designed for literature discovery using research questions and prior knowledge. PaperSeek is developed as part of a Master's thesis to explore novel approaches in enhancing academic search relevance.
π¦ Dataset Overview
- Source: OpenAlex
- Snapshot Date: April 1st, 2025
- Language: English
- Contents:
- Title
- Abstract
- Embedding
The dataset includes 102 million research works, with English-language titles and abstracts extracted from the OpenAlex snapshot published on April 1st, 2025.
π§ Embeddings
Model: Stella V5 1.5B (bfloat16 precision)
Embedding Prompt: Title: {title}\n[SEP] Abstract: {abstract}
Output: Dense embeddings suitable for semantic search and large-scale information retrieval.
π§ͺ Use Cases
- Semantic search
- Embedding-based retrieval
- Academic literature analysis
- NLP benchmarking on large-scale scientific text
π Citation
If you use this dataset, please cite the PaperSeek project and OpenAlex as data sources. A formal citation for the Master's thesis will be provided once available.
π Data Structure
Each entry contains:
id
: Unique work ID (OpenAlex identifier)title
: English title of the research workabstract
: English abstract of the research workembedding
: Float32 ncoded vector
β οΈ License & Use
- OpenAlex data is released under the CC0 1.0 Universal (Public Domain Dedication).
- Embeddings generated as part of the PaperSeek framework are released for research purposes.
πββοΈ Contact
For questions or collaborations, feel free to get in touch through Hugging Face or via the Github.
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