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facility_id
int64
65.7k
68.4k
latitude
float64
32.6
42
longitude
float64
-124.29
-115.32
lat_min
float64
32.6
42
lon_min
float64
-124.29
-115.32
lat_max
float64
32.6
42
lon_max
float64
-124.29
-115.32
n_buildings
int64
1
583
footprint_sq_m
float64
65
254k
county
stringclasses
38 values
zip_code
float64
91.7k
97.6k
census_tract
float64
100
901k
census_blockgroup
float64
1k
6.21k
animal_type
stringclasses
11 values
construction_lower
nullclasses
18 values
construction_upper
stringdate
1949-12-31 00:00:00
2017-12-31 00:00:00
destruction_lower
nullclasses
9 values
destruction_upper
nullclasses
7 values
67,013
36.120508
-119.522111
36.116936
-119.527214
36.122963
-119.518832
17
65,954.379543
Tulare
93,274
3,100
3,036
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,647
34.018882
-117.617606
34.018811
-117.617759
34.018952
-117.617453
1
422.717041
San Bernardino
91,761
1,910
1,005
dairy, cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,859
36.076236
-119.439472
36.072848
-119.445925
36.078921
-119.436889
21
64,279.018228
Tulare
93,272
3,201
2,002
dairy, cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,396
36.39878
-119.53866
36.396266
-119.539652
36.401178
-119.537946
18
28,838.40738
Kings
93,230
100
1,002
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,212
36.340521
-119.522089
36.338267
-119.523283
36.342117
-119.521175
13
14,045.422905
Kings
93,230
100
1,052
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,791
36.548406
-119.429562
36.548334
-119.430215
36.548481
-119.428896
1
1,786.789873
null
null
303
3,015
poultry
null
1998-12-31
null
null
66,883
36.08149
-119.287108
36.08067
-119.287846
36.08303
-119.286045
5
6,399.496311
Tulare
93,272
3,201
3,008
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,370
38.233436
-122.535803
38.232946
-122.536316
38.233862
-122.535078
3
4,802.34586
Sonoma
94,954
150,612
3,029
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
65,692
36.201274
-119.495084
36.199804
-119.497418
36.202605
-119.493459
12
14,204.59664
Tulare
93,274
2,100
1,066
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,834
36.195044
-119.520587
36.194122
-119.521319
36.196128
-119.519962
4
5,296.668856
Tulare
93,274
3,100
1,014
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,897
37.437197
-120.606821
37.43656
-120.607489
37.437834
-120.606163
1
3,177.50938
Merced
95,388
503
1,025
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
65,725
36.470705
-119.6501
36.468028
-119.654093
36.473721
-119.645781
62
132,075.799219
Fresno
93,662
7,400
2,020
poultry
null
1994-12-31
null
null
65,995
36.310721
-119.449869
36.30962
-119.452516
36.311472
-119.448437
4
20,150.616311
Tulare
93,277
901
1,036
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,034
37.756598
-121.396681
37.755065
-121.39835
37.759198
-121.396125
10
10,347.056099
San Joaquin
95,304
5,214
1,061
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
65,713
37.769563
-121.478391
37.768305
-121.479764
37.771808
-121.474437
13
9,540.734899
San Joaquin
95,304
5,225
1,025
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
67,373
37.478676
-120.796895
37.478191
-120.797556
37.479162
-120.79624
4
7,676.434692
Stanislaus
95,380
3,607
2,041
poultry
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,616
37.723286
-121.246755
37.722144
-121.247514
37.724256
-121.246227
8
9,023.245656
San Joaquin
95,337
5,106
3,005
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
68,228
38.203602
-121.214291
38.203333
-121.214943
38.203936
-121.213856
4
1,696.801614
San Joaquin
95,220
4,600
1,032
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
65,935
37.598736
-121.335382
37.595538
-121.33669
37.601338
-121.33351
13
15,456.626913
San Joaquin
95,304
5,502
1,126
poultry
null
1993-12-31
null
null
68,384
37.758971
-121.493566
37.758439
-121.494023
37.759279
-121.493138
3
1,656.471766
null
null
5,223
3,012
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
65,853
37.655242
-120.734415
37.65431
-120.735969
37.656177
-120.73291
16
25,113.601273
Stanislaus
95,386
2,801
3,088
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,565
36.330498
-119.44219
36.330406
-119.442622
36.330593
-119.441815
3
655.415354
Tulare
93,291
901
1,024
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
65,843
37.507228
-120.964923
37.505081
-120.966907
37.509964
-120.963152
13
18,703.578253
Stanislaus
95,307
3,603
4,046
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
66,276
39.673768
-122.09579
39.672029
-122.09771
39.675683
-122.09391
13
44,008.763985
Glenn
95,963
10,501
3,052
cattle
null
2007-12-31
null
null
68,022
40.993628
-124.105899
40.993401
-124.106087
40.993854
-124.105696
4
684.360885
Humboldt
95,519
10,400
2,019
sheep
null
1989-12-31
null
null
67,870
36.111959
-119.486594
36.109054
-119.487523
36.113818
-119.484867
21
6,231.649913
Tulare
93,212
3,100
3,053
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
65,726
37.40267
-120.921624
37.40239
-120.922213
37.40341
-120.920838
3
4,492.172537
Merced
95,324
404
1,031
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,377
37.73441
-120.764349
37.733051
-120.766603
37.735732
-120.76228
12
26,132.300632
Stanislaus
95,361
102
3,031
dairy, cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
65,863
34.006062
-117.621265
34.005295
-117.62338
34.006628
-117.619964
14
3,204.756965
San Bernardino
91,761
1,910
1,013
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,346
36.279251
-119.580192
36.27722
-119.580917
36.281225
-119.57927
16
10,138.540667
Kings
93,230
1,200
2,038
dairy, cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,660
40.748435
-124.183745
40.748331
-124.183974
40.748577
-124.183525
1
625.690981
Humboldt
95,503
10,701
1,012
cattle
null
1989-12-31
null
null
67,843
36.427041
-119.301802
36.424828
-119.30426
36.428475
-119.299185
25
12,238.690453
Tulare
93,291
902
3,021
dairy, cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
68,380
37.134637
-120.290825
37.134359
-120.291816
37.134914
-120.289883
3
1,592.423381
null
null
204
1,009
cattle
null
2005-12-31
null
null
66,726
38.221109
-121.246051
38.220744
-121.246227
38.221475
-121.245876
1
2,447.539415
San Joaquin
95,632
4,600
1,012
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
65,792
36.211043
-119.387113
36.210821
-119.388436
36.211291
-119.386339
5
1,197.7024
Tulare
93,274
2,100
2,056
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
65,965
38.242686
-121.332984
38.242305
-121.333276
38.243159
-121.332867
2
841.765049
Sacramento
95,632
9,501
1,036
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
68,261
38.286617
-122.909652
38.285596
-122.909785
38.287624
-122.909527
2
3,790.207059
Marin
94,952
133,000
3,000
poultry
null
1998-12-31
null
null
65,861
34.009924
-117.621561
34.009079
-117.623396
34.010884
-117.620054
15
3,531.128086
San Bernardino
91,761
1,910
1,013
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,216
33.532652
-116.913151
33.529404
-116.915213
33.535453
-116.911446
24
25,089.485927
Riverside
92,544
43,293
1,000
poultry
null
1996-12-31
null
null
67,173
36.60324
-119.233894
36.602782
-119.234586
36.603699
-119.23321
3
6,676.207045
Tulare
93,646
202
2,029
poultry
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,655
38.275906
-122.909152
38.275469
-122.90962
38.276361
-122.908692
2
3,790.590447
Marin
94,952
133,000
3,000
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
66,859
36.455468
-119.282762
36.454593
-119.286279
36.45671
-119.278351
17
25,940.013669
Tulare
93,292
802
1,063
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,617
37.574788
-121.01329
37.574317
-121.01397
37.575262
-121.01261
2
8,971.550827
Stanislaus
95,358
3,100
3,007
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,528
36.308353
-119.584466
36.307302
-119.584989
36.309702
-119.58386
8
3,542.155815
Kings
93,230
1,200
2,018
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,196
36.136828
-119.288793
36.135229
-119.290317
36.138134
-119.28818
5
4,746.238297
Tulare
93,274
2,402
1,048
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,833
37.347561
-120.942677
37.34641
-120.943267
37.348154
-120.94229
4
4,809.559018
Merced
95,374
401
1,029
dairy, cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,628
41.890673
-124.158168
41.887688
-124.163845
41.892111
-124.156348
13
3,564.917047
Del Norte
95,531
201
3,003
cattle
null
1988-12-31
null
null
67,783
36.403252
-119.558953
36.402057
-119.559651
36.404097
-119.558007
4
6,996.639517
Kings
93,230
100
2,091
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,278
37.482505
-120.674973
37.481575
-120.678209
37.48343
-120.671685
28
47,943.202443
Merced
95,303
201
1,002
poultry
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,260
36.224621
-119.177437
36.223545
-119.180084
36.228365
-119.174579
4
2,377.754993
Tulare
93,247
2,500
1,009
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
65,950
38.227022
-121.16853
38.223218
-121.170941
38.228692
-121.165082
6
15,030.647561
San Joaquin
95,632
4,703
1,047
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
66,739
37.542115
-121.040534
37.539543
-121.044578
37.544055
-121.03955
13
28,779.934562
Stanislaus
95,358
3,100
3,025
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
66,095
37.43286
-120.89037
37.432828
-120.890635
37.432891
-120.890101
1
302.991494
Merced
95,380
404
1,002
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,541
38.245288
-122.429178
38.244503
-122.430311
38.246156
-122.428013
7
6,488.006345
Sonoma
95,476
150,100
3,003
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
67,233
37.813531
-121.146111
37.812745
-121.146711
37.815243
-121.145811
3
3,392.965533
San Joaquin
95,336
5,131
2,015
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
66,937
37.534742
-121.047523
37.532548
-121.048905
37.536205
-121.045222
8
18,658.509862
Stanislaus
95,358
3,100
3,024
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,961
36.167719
-119.492173
36.16767
-119.492427
36.167767
-119.491919
1
458.51438
Tulare
93,274
3,100
1,017
cattle
null
2003-12-31
null
null
66,241
39.086496
-121.481302
39.085774
-121.489237
39.087501
-121.478933
9
18,335.46484
Yuba
95,901
40,901
2,039
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
67,888
36.701613
-119.372171
36.70141
-119.3728
36.701811
-119.371541
2
3,726.677383
null
null
6,411
3,026
poultry
null
1998-12-31
null
null
66,629
34.006424
-117.631487
34.005338
-117.631934
34.007292
-117.630775
9
3,133.168821
San Bernardino
91,761
1,910
1,012
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,090
32.716614
-115.597911
32.713941
-115.599356
32.719589
-115.596548
18
21,923.497537
Imperial
92,243
11,901
1,013
cattle
null
1996-12-31
null
null
66,725
37.106112
-120.868516
37.104873
-120.870676
37.106926
-120.865213
8
25,817.255383
Merced
93,635
2,001
1,128
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
66,841
35.944306
-119.551285
35.9434
-119.553627
35.944924
-119.549066
5
28,728.671163
Kings
93,239
1,601
1,404
dairy, cattle
null
2009-12-31
null
null
66,471
34.905704
-117.128788
34.903885
-117.130158
34.90715
-117.12767
13
8,041.735502
San Bernardino
92,347
11,900
2,036
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
68,229
37.942755
-120.989925
37.941509
-120.990775
37.944034
-120.989306
4
11,551.118734
San Joaquin
95,230
4,800
1,050
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
67,538
37.410267
-120.738938
37.409223
-120.741847
37.411659
-120.736321
4
21,746.473838
Merced
95,315
201
2,034
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,802
39.749275
-122.241302
39.748899
-122.241732
39.74965
-122.240876
2
5,604.111664
null
null
10,200
1,010
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,794
37.428938
-120.90533
37.428302
-120.906224
37.429883
-120.904591
7
10,753.766704
Merced
95,324
404
1,015
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,543
38.278686
-121.309557
38.277183
-121.313621
38.279786
-121.308613
8
3,612.354142
Sacramento
95,632
9,503
3,003
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
67,305
37.48625
-120.777599
37.485918
-120.778541
37.486782
-120.776759
8
4,120.367907
Stanislaus
95,380
3,607
2,033
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,658
40.544643
-124.128846
40.544139
-124.129873
40.545088
-124.128107
3
5,256.991295
Humboldt
95,540
10,902
4,040
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
65,892
37.448024
-120.968841
37.447382
-120.969894
37.448252
-120.967296
2
3,959.517453
Stanislaus
95,380
3,603
2,012
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
66,042
35.192821
-119.021165
35.191246
-119.021265
35.194238
-119.021009
8
831.650473
Kern
93,313
3,222
1,009
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,199
35.938768
-119.412945
35.935724
-119.414016
35.941754
-119.412079
4
11,156.349995
Tulare
93,256
4,302
2,003
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,575
36.297188
-119.602248
36.295023
-119.603222
36.298182
-119.601193
20
10,104.467204
Kings
93,230
1,200
2,022
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,879
36.049174
-119.407732
36.047581
-119.408537
36.050604
-119.406965
5
4,721.168909
Tulare
93,272
3,201
2,025
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,497
37.634504
-121.131707
37.633237
-121.132503
37.63548
-121.131063
4
5,138.988117
Stanislaus
95,358
4,000
3,029
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
66,573
36.227997
-119.810149
36.227012
-119.811599
36.22896
-119.808691
12
24,089.998297
Kings
93,245
1,601
2,012
poultry
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,485
36.214186
-119.169429
36.211444
-119.17259
36.215769
-119.166406
14
17,065.349937
Tulare
93,247
2,500
1,010
dairy, cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
65,816
36.300547
-119.478068
36.29906
-119.479532
36.301369
-119.477291
9
3,989.632202
Kings
93,230
1,200
2,008
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,895
36.082175
-119.251397
36.080638
-119.25249
36.083673
-119.250478
10
16,732.62162
Tulare
93,272
3,201
3,007
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
66,800
36.102338
-119.101986
36.102257
-119.103486
36.102661
-119.100452
7
1,912.460022
Tulare
93,257
3,501
2,004
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,262
36.165425
-119.235608
36.163413
-119.237184
36.166915
-119.233571
13
10,664.983313
Tulare
93,274
2,402
2,042
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,412
36.296265
-119.586083
36.294801
-119.587429
36.298176
-119.584144
12
22,993.449331
Kings
93,230
1,200
2,029
dairy, cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
65,964
38.280539
-122.926213
38.27956
-122.927553
38.281651
-122.92566
6
8,065.135937
Marin
94,952
133,000
3,000
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
66,830
37.504578
-120.732349
37.497893
-120.739134
37.506518
-120.721729
18
53,402.737891
Stanislaus
95,316
3,607
2,011
poultry
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,099
36.991126
-120.278268
36.988125
-120.283378
36.993733
-120.274533
22
93,355.908393
Madera
93,637
1,100
5,098
dairy, cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,759
36.836631
-119.586348
36.836111
-119.58739
36.837068
-119.585604
3
3,727.094825
null
null
5,915
2,002
poultry
null
1998-12-31
null
null
66,659
38.84431
-121.364214
38.843226
-121.364714
38.8454
-121.363697
6
8,648.450988
Placer
95,747
21,328
5,010
poultry
null
1993-12-31
null
null
66,518
36.601657
-119.982243
36.59998
-119.986576
36.603143
-119.976287
24
9,245.064579
Fresno
93,706
7,600
2,014
dairy, cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
66,752
36.70419
-119.40209
36.703647
-119.403084
36.70472
-119.401526
4
1,196.461344
Fresno
93,654
6,302
2,006
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,527
38.221401
-121.172213
38.221164
-121.172729
38.221784
-121.17146
2
1,501.138946
San Joaquin
95,632
4,703
2,014
cattle
null
1993-12-31
null
null
65,966
38.246516
-121.329618
38.246327
-121.330343
38.246771
-121.32909
2
2,966.585257
Sacramento
95,632
9,501
1,036
poultry
null
1993-12-31
null
null
66,068
37.340222
-120.819784
37.339162
-120.825512
37.341243
-120.815616
39
63,833.248884
Merced
95,374
303
1,034
poultry
null
1998-12-31
null
null
65,923
34.00534
-117.594567
34.004946
-117.595356
34.005729
-117.593762
8
11,218.451274
San Bernardino
91,761
1,910
1,018
unknown
null
1994-12-31
null
null
67,693
37.6565
-120.844829
37.655987
-120.845669
37.657223
-120.843865
7
2,329.709753
Stanislaus
95,357
2,802
4,058
cattle
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,667
36.158816
-119.262844
36.156757
-119.265087
36.159191
-119.260526
4
8,166.687898
Tulare
93,274
2,402
2,044
cattle
null
1994-12-31
null
null
65,828
36.569979
-120.076013
36.565964
-120.082874
36.573682
-120.066894
111
171,148.53948
Fresno
93,627
7,600
2,049
poultry
null
1998-12-31
null
null
67,224
38.244062
-122.705512
38.243302
-122.706082
38.245025
-122.704884
3
7,440.56229
Sonoma
94,952
151,100
2,010
poultry
null
1993-12-31
null
null
67,367
36.292495
-119.459355
36.28975
-119.462022
36.294255
-119.455288
29
43,492.977168
Tulare
93,277
2,100
1,005
dairy, cattle
null
2003-12-31
null
null
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Dataset Card for Cal-FF

Cal-FF is a comprehensive dataset of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) in California, compiled using satellite imagery, computer vision, and human validation. It provides an improved and near-complete census of CAFOs, addressing gaps in administrative records.

This dataset has redacted some publicly-available information, including facility addresses, in order to protect privacy. Because these are highly regulated facilities and addresses are a key method of performing record linkage and using this data in research, we will share this data for research purposes upon request.

Dataset Details

Dataset Description

Cal-FF includes facility locations, ownership records, satellite images, and detailed annotations. It was compiled to improve upon incomplete or inaccurate state administrative records.

  • Curated by: Varun Magesh, Nic Rothbacher, Saskia Comess, Erin Maneri, Kit Rodolfa, Sara Tartof, Joan Casey, Keeve Nachman, Daniel E. Ho
  • Funded by: Anonymous Fund at the Greater Kansas City Community Foundation, Schmidt Futures, Google Cloud
  • License: the Cal-FF Dataset © 2025 by Varun Magesh, Nic Rothbacher, Saskia Comess, Erin Maneri, Kit Rodolfa, Sara Tartof, Joan Casey, Keeve Nachman, Daniel E. Ho is marked with CC0 1.0. If used in an academic work, please attribute to:

Magesh, Varun, Nic Rothbacher, Saskia Comess, Erin Maneri, Kit Rodolfa, Sara Tartof, Joan Casey, Keeve Nachman and Daniel E. Ho. Cal-FF: A Comprehensive Dataset of Factory Farms in California Compiled Using Computer Vision and Human Validation. Unpublished manuscript, 2025. Available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/reglab/cal-ff.

Dataset Sources

Uses

Direct Use

  • Improved CAFO location tracking
  • Analysis of regulatory gaps
  • Research on environmental and public health impacts of factory farming

Dataset Contents

  • Facility Footprints: Geospatial data about facility building footprint labels
  • Regulatory Data: CAFO permits associated with facilities
  • Land use data: Parcel information
  • Annotations: Footprints, animal types, construction & destruction dates

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

To correct and expand upon existing CAFO datasets used in regulation and public health research.

Source Data

Data Collection and Processing

  • CV model used on satellite imagery to detect CAFOs
  • Manual review by trained annotators
  • Cross-referenced with state permit data and parcel maps

Who are the source data producers?

  • Satellite imagery providers (e.g., Google)
  • Public data sources (ReGrid parcel data; CWIQS CA permit data)
  • Environmental Working Group (provided initial locations)
  • CloudFactory labeling team
  • Undergraduate research assistants

Annotations

Annotation process

  • Human-in-the-loop validation and correction of model predictions
  • Labeling of animal types and facility boundaries

Who are the annotators?

  • Undergraduate researchers
  • CloudFactory contractors
  • Authors

Personal and Sensitive Information

The dataset does not include private PII. Facility locations are publicly visible and cross-referenced with public parcel data.

Acknowledgements

The team would like to thank an Anonymous Fund at the Greater Kansas City Community Foundation, Schmidt Futures and Windward Fund for supporting this work. We thank Google Earth Engine for access to their analysis platform, the Environmental Working Group for providing data and insights on identifying CAFOs, and CloudFactory for contributing data annotation support. We also thank Ben Chugg for data analysis & model engineering assistance, and Vincent La and Dana Stokes for contributing software and data engineering support. Finally, we thank Brandon Anderson and Elena Eneva for their guidance, Christine Tsang for management support, and Arun Frey, Helena Lyng-Olsen, Yumna Naqvi, and Deborah Sivas for helpful conversation and suggestions.

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