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Photography as Witness
During the final liquidation of the Lodz Ghetto, Ross buried his negatives with other artifacts in the ground to preserve the photographic record he had created. Some inhabitants remained in the ghetto after the final liquidation to close down the factories, clean up and sort possessions. In January, 1945 as the Red Army approached Lodz the Germans ordered the remaining residents to dig mass graves. Instead, they went into hiding. There were 877 still hiding in the camp when the Red Army liberated Lodz on January 19, 1945. Henryk Ross, and his wife Stefania, were among them.
Following the liberation of the ghetto, Ross excavated the box of negatives and recovered this extraordinary archive. Although significant material was damaged, almost 3,000 negatives survived—the most comprehensive known collection of Holocaust ghetto photographs by a single Jewish photographer.
Ross’s work was preserved through an act of will. They demonstrate photography’s ability to bear witness to history and serve as a catalyst for change; to foster sympathy, awareness, and even critical commentary. Ross’s photographs aim to capture the events he witnessed—though the stories they tell are still open to new understandings. | <urn:uuid:7ee780a4-789e-4316-8a0a-401b2eec504b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://lodzghetto.ago.ca/view/objects/asimages/67399?t:state:flow=c05dcfd1-0d25-437c-977e-16e5162ca8f0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.970794 | 249 | 3.203125 | 3 | 0 |
This collection consists of 177 posters from the Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry (SSSJ) Records. Founded in 1964 by Jacob Birnbaum, SSSJ was a pioneer in the movement to oppose the persecution of Jews in the Soviet Union. Birnbaum believed a grass-roots organization of college students who came of age during the Civil Rights movement in the United States were more likely than their elders to engage in the tactics of open protest and civil disobedience. This cause eventually became a mainstream, worldwide movement, considered the most effective advocacy campaign by American Jewry in the 20th century, lasting until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and resulting in the emigration of over a million Soviet Jews.
In addition to copies of printed posters that served as publicity for the organization and its mission, this collection contains a large number of unique, hand drawn placards used by participants at protests and rallies in support of Soviet Jewry.
SSSJ viewed its mission in a historic context and invoked biblical imagery and language to dramatize its goals, which the posters reflect. Its mantra “Let my People Go” drew a direct connection between its campaign and the Biblical account of the Exodus from Egypt, from which the phrase was taken. The posters also document specific events that occurred and initiatives undertaken during the campaign, such as the Leningrad Trials, summits between Presidents Reagan and Gorbachev, and linking U.S.-Soviet trade policy with freedom for Soviet Jewry. Many of the posters spotlight individual “refuseniks”, Soviet Jews who were refused exit visas, and then typically lost their jobs and were subjected to prison and internment in Soviet forced labor camps. The collection also includes posters from various other Soviet Jewry advocacy organizations that are contained in the SSSJ Records, and some that protest Arab violence and terrorism against Israel, which, in light of Soviet financial and political support for Arab countries, was viewed as part of the broader anti-Semitic policies of the Soviet Union.
This poster collection is part of the SSSJ Records held at Yeshiva University Archives. The finding aid for the parent collection, which contains over 250 linear feet of photographs, printed material, case files of Soviet Jews, administrative records, and audio and video recordings, can be found in Yeshiva’s Finding Aids Database. | <urn:uuid:43c06933-b489-47e0-9269-a9edd642a47b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://digital.library.yu.edu/collections/student-struggle-soviet-jewry-poster-collection?islandora_solr_search_navigation=0&f%5B0%5D=mods_name_corporate_creator_namePart_ms%3A%22American%5C%20Association%5C%20for%5C%20Russian%5C%20Jews%22&f%5B1%5D=mods_subject_topic_ms%3A%22Relations%5C%20with%5C%20Israel%22&f%5B2%5D=mods_subject_topic_ms%3A%22Arab%5C-Israeli%5C%20conflict%22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.972073 | 478 | 2.640625 | 3 | 1 |
Scientists are exploring ways to use mineral waste from mines to pull huge amounts of carbon dioxide out of the air.
On a scorching day this August, Caleb Woodall wielded his shovel like a spear, stabbing it into the hardened crust of an asbestos-filled pit near Coalinga, California.
Woodall, a graduate student at Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Massachusetts, was digging out samples from an asbestos mine that’s been shuttered since 1980, a Superfund site on the highest peak in the state’s Diablo Range. He extracted pounds of the material from several locations across San Benito Mountain, shoveled them into Ziploc bags, and shipped them to a pair of labs for analysis.
He and his colleagues are trying to determine the makeup and structure of the materials pulled from the pits, and to answer two critical questions: How much carbon dioxide do they contain—and how much more could they store?
The vast surface area of certain types of fibrous asbestos, a class of carcinogenic compounds once heavily used in heat-resistant building materials, makes them particularly good at grabbing hold of the carbon dioxide molecules dissolved in rainwater or floating through the air.
That includes the most common form of asbestos, chrysotile, a serpentine mineral laced throughout the mountain (serpentine is California’s state rock). The reaction with carbon dioxide mainly produces magnesium carbonate minerals like magnesite, a stable material that could lock away the greenhouse gas for millennia. | <urn:uuid:e2dfcad1-980a-4e8d-acdc-45dea81bac90> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://famanz.org/2020/10/20/asbestos-could-be-a-powerful-weapon-against-climate-change-you-read-that-right/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.93524 | 305 | 3.8125 | 4 | 2 |
If you’re feeling guilty for taking your kids out of school for that family vacation, don’t. It might actually be making them smarter. According to a new survey commissioned by the Student and Youth Travel Association, travel has an extremely positive impact on students’ educational prospects, cultural awareness, and even their future careers. One thousand five hundred US-based teachers were polled in the survey, with 74 percent agreeing that travel has a “very positive impact on students’ personal development,” and 56 percent believing that that positive impact extends to a student’s educational experience.
The majority of teachers surveyed agreed that children who travel have an increased tolerance and respect for other cultures and a greater willingness to try new things. Teachers also observed that kids who traveled were more likely to demonstrate higher self-esteem, independence, confidence, adaptability, and sensitivity when interacting with other children. Unsurprisingly, a whopping 76 percent of teachers noted that once students had been taken on a single trip, they suddenly had the travel bug and expressed a desire to travel more.
Although no actual college admission statistics are provided to substantiate this belief, 42 percent of teachers said that they believe well-traveled students look more attractive to college admissions recruiters and are more like to be accepted.
A “well-traveled” student doesn’t necessarily mean the child has gone on an epic globetrotting trip to Asia. Impactful family travel can be as small as venturing domestically to a city or town vastly different from where the child grew up. Small, frequent weekend trips can be just as beneficial as a trip to Europe.
H/T: Travel & Leisure | <urn:uuid:9ffc7ae8-7327-433b-afe7-85adef1a53be> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://matadornetwork.com/read/traveling-kids-better-students/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.964548 | 345 | 2.78125 | 3 | 3 |
New research suggests that our immune system may play an active role in shaping the digestive-tract flora, which is tightly linked to health and disease.
An innovative approach from Priya Rajasethupathy has been used to link genetics to behavior in mice. The analysis identifies a gene that underpins the role of the brain’s thalamus region in maintaining short-term memory.
Research led by Jean-Laurent Casanova shows Covid-19 patients with life-threatening illness have antibodies that disable key immune system proteins called interferons.
Just how sick we get from COVID-19 depends on genetic variations, including ones that sabotage immune molecules called interferons. Jean-Laurent Casanova's work aims to better understand why, which could lead to new treatments for COVID-19 and other scourges. | <urn:uuid:adf703d6-5015-4d8c-8dc3-4235a665454e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.rockefeller.edu/news/?start-date=10%2F28%2F2020&end-date=10%2F28%2F2020 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141163411.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123153826-20201123183826-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.928781 | 174 | 3.328125 | 3 | 4 |
Dairy health experts at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine’s New Bolton Center (NBC) have seen an increase in pneumonia cases this year, particularly in growing heifers and calves, resulting from the wide temperature swings and wet-warm weather in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions. NBC experts have provided several important tips for area producers to aid in the prevention and management of pneumonia in dairy cows.
Producers should ensure that their operations offer good ventilation, which significantly impacts the air quality and cooling capacity necessary to prevent illness. Keeping curtains and windows open will allow for good air flow. Producers operating on older farms should consider installing a forced or tube installation system in their barns, and all operations can benefit from having an air-quality and air-flow test run on their facility.
Vaccinations are a key component to disease prevention, but only if they are utilized correctly. The best way to ensure that a vaccine program that will work well for a specific operation is to consult with a veterinarian, or have them develop a plan specific to the operation’s needs. Consider adding pneumonia-specific vaccinations just before the most challenging times the year, early and late winter, to provide added protection for your animals. Some intranasal vaccines are particularly helpful, and provide better localized immunity in the airways.
Be sure to avoid or minimize as many additional sources of stress as possible during the winter months. Transportinganimals, excessive intermingling, or bringing in new stock from outside sources or sale barns should be kept to a minimum if possible.
Monitoring animals regularly, checking for signs of illness and taking the temperatures of animals that present any symptoms, can help producers to recognize the existence of illness early, which will give the best chance of effective treatment and prevention of long-term damage.
Finally, if an outbreak does occur, fast and aggressive treatment is the key to success. Treat affected animals early, and consider isolating them to help prevent the disease from spreading. Blanket treatments, including feed through antibiotics, can be effective when dealing with a larger outbreak, but be sure to consult a veterinarian before doing so. | <urn:uuid:754687e9-b546-4ddd-9d41-721b9df29433> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://animal.agwired.com/2016/01/21/pneumonia-prevention-tips-from-upenn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.947776 | 438 | 2.859375 | 3 | 5 |
Since the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were identified in Wuhan, China, late last year, researchers have established that a viral surface structure called the spike protein is highly immunogenic. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of this viral protein has been shown to elicit neutralizing antibodies as early as 3 days following the onset of symptoms. Still, the question if serological memory persists over time remains unanswered.
The information regarding the dynamics of antibodies and their association with RBD-specific B cells in recovered COVID-19 patients is lacking. This information would help researchers access the breadth of the humoral memory and the fact that it contributes to long-lasting serological memory. Researchers investigated the dynamics of the serological and cellular response in recovered COVID-19 patients using blood serum collected from 54 symptomatic patients with active disease, 57 recovered patients (6 of whom provided follow-up samples), and 26 healthy controls. Serum tests were conducted to determine levels of RBD-specific immunoglobulins (Igs) and their ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2.
The team found that levels of RBD-specific antibodies quickly increased among symptomatic patients. Among recovered patients, the team found that the RBD-specific antibody titers declined over six months following symptom onset, pointing to decay in serological memory over time. These RBD-specific memory B cells were stable during the six months. Because the virus-specific antibodies declined over time, the team hypothesized that the differentiation of B cells into long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells (LLPCs) following SARS-CoV-2 infection is impaired. The researchers studied the association between the frequency of RBD-specific subsets of plasmablasts and the frequency of RBD-specific memory B cells, which revealed that the frequency of both subsets was strongly correlated.
They also investigated the association between RBD-specific plasmablasts and antibody titers to test whether the main contributor to serum antibody levels was short-lived plasmablasts. The team reports that the frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cell plasmablasts was indeed associated with levels of virus-specific antibodies. The persistence of RBD-specific memory B-cells could provide a robust recall immune response in cases of re-infection. | <urn:uuid:df9d4f70-eecf-44c4-87da-fc2d46f53825> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://whitecoats.com/allaboutcovid/2020/09/03/persistence-of-memory-b-cells-post-covid-recovery/?replytocom=88994 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.945884 | 485 | 2.625 | 3 | 6 |
People taking cholesterol meds may be at higher risk for the flu
While vaccines are available to mitigate the risk of coming down with the flu, a pair of studies suggest seniors with high cholesterol may still be vulnerable to the illness.
One study, published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, found that the use of statins may reduce the effectiveness of the flu vaccine. Statins are drugs used to help lower cholesterol and, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, they are used by more than 40 percent of adults 65 years old and older in the United States.
Older adults using statins were found to have a reduced immune response to the vaccination, possibly making them less protected from influenza.
“The flu is a serious virus that can have harmful effects for seniors, especially if they are already experiencing health complications,” says Dr. James Malow, infectious disease specialist at Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center in Chicago. “Flu vaccines are important for preventive care and we should do everything we can to ensure their effectiveness.”
The second study analyzed the effect of statins on the flu vaccine’s ability to prevent respiratory illness.
Like the first study, the findings suggested statins decrease the vaccine’s success, possibly making seniors more susceptible to the flu and conditions that come along with it as a result.
“These studies are very preliminary and additional research is necessary to confirm their findings,” says Dr. Malow. “If this information is confirmed it could change the way physicians help patients prevent and manage multiple health conditions at once, such as influenza and high cholesterol.”
The CDC recommends that everyone 6 months old and older receive a flu vaccine. For further protection, Dr. Malow advises avoiding others who are sick and washing your hands often. See a doctor if you experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, body aches and fatigue.
About the Author
health enews staff is a group of experienced writers from our Advocate Aurora Health sites, which also includes freelance or intern writers. | <urn:uuid:9d35dab6-3297-4ce1-8764-60ff70caa772> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.ahchealthenews.com/2016/01/26/people-taking-cholesterol-meds-may-be-at-higher-risk-for-the-flu/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.949054 | 422 | 2.828125 | 3 | 7 |
The Danse Macabre, also known as the Dance of Death, was a popular artistic genre during the Middle Ages that explored the inescapability of death. Many were directly connected to the plagues and epidemics that ravished medieval Europe.
Artwork relating to the genre often displays death, or death personified, as leading a procession of dancing people to their graves. The depictions were also meant to drive home the theme that no matter one’s social standing, there was no escaping death. Some historians believe the paintings depicted people rejoicing with death to help survivors cope with mourning and to unite a populous with strict social hierarchy.
Only a handful of Danse Macabre paintings survived the era. Those featured inside the Chapel of St Mary of the Rocks are among the oldest. They were crafted by master painter Vincent de Kastav and feature scenes from the life of Mary and Jesus, along with a portrait of Saint Martin to name a few. The chapel was finished in 1474.
Along the western wall is the best example of the Danse Macabre and features a pope, cardinal, bishop, innkeeper, and several others dancing with death depicted as skeletons. Death is also playing a harmonious tune on a set of bagpipes. What makes this fresco even more interesting is that children and the infirmed are leading the procession.
Part of the fresco was damaged during the 18th century when windows were installed on the side walls. Most of the decorations, including the main part of the Dance of Death procession, survived the times and presents visitors with an insight into medieval mortality.
Know Before You Go
The key is kept by Mrs Sonja Šestan, phone: + 385 (0)91 580 6083. | <urn:uuid:f479954d-7149-4ed0-b2b5-73636ffedfde> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/svetiste-sv-marije-na-skriljinah-the-sanctuary-of-st-mary-of-the-rocks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.975552 | 356 | 3.21875 | 3 | 8 |
A psycho-educational assessment can identify learning challenges in students of all ages, from young children to adults.
Learning disabilities, ADHD, anxiety, or depression often stay hidden, and impact a student’s performance and behaviour, both in and outside of the classroom.
A psycho-educational assessment identifies areas of strength and weakness in a student’s learning profile, and provides a deeper understanding of their educational abilities. It can also identify Learning Disabilities, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Intellectual Disabilities, reading (dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia) and mathematic (dyscalculia) challenges, and other mental health issues that can interfere with learning.
A psycho-educational assessment diagnoses the root cause of a student’s academic or behavioural issues, and identifies a plan for solving the problem.
The assessment report can help students in receiving special accommodations and support at school, college, or university. | <urn:uuid:1b2d9c57-6b39-43b9-9fbd-a8a24e179388> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.pxcentre.com/psycho-ed-evaluations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141177607.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124224124-20201125014124-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.898908 | 197 | 3.671875 | 4 | 9 |
Doesn't this sound like a cross between a dinosaur and a snake? Actually, bronchoconstriction affects the airways in a person's lungs. You can think of airways like straws or tubes. They let air flow in and out so you can breathe. These airways have muscles, but not the kind you flex! When bronchoconstriction occurs, the muscles surrounding the airways contract, or tighten. This narrows the airways so there's less space inside for air to get through. Bronchoconstriction happens to people who have asthma, but asthma medicines can help relax the muscles in the airways and make breathing easier. | <urn:uuid:c076ffc5-71e4-43d5-9759-0798c4e9b27b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://m.rossa-editorial.kidshealth.org/en/kids/word-bronchoconstriction.html?WT.ac=m-k-ra | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141186761.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126055652-20201126085652-00160.warc.gz | en | 0.88123 | 135 | 3.75 | 4 | 10 |
Bad breath is a symptom of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is when bacteria gets beneath the gums, destroying tissue surrounding the teeth. If left untreated, your pet could lose his teeth.
Additionally, bacteria festering in the gums could enter the bloodstream and travel to his kidneys, heart and liver, causing serious health issues, reducing quality of life, and even shortening his life span.
Dogs and cats whose teeth aren’t brushed daily are more susceptible to periodontal disease, but even a pet with spotless teeth can have this disease beneath the gum line.
This is why a dental cleaning is performed under general anesthesia. Anesthesia is important because the most serious health concerns are caused by disease beneath the gum line, which can only be detected and treated while under general anesthesia. It also ensures that Jack doesn’t feel any pain or discomfort during the procedure. | <urn:uuid:4265254b-730a-4f89-8e28-6c12c07a4de9> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.companionanimalclinicvirginia.com/blog/periodontal-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141186761.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126055652-20201126085652-00160.warc.gz | en | 0.950246 | 185 | 2.796875 | 3 | 11 |
Decades have gone by, letting researchers analyze the impact stress has on our brain, disrupting our daily routine. The ongoing pandemic has been identified as a great opportunity to study the connection between stress and routine. Even though the study is far from ending, one thing is for sure: the COVID-19 crisis has led humanity into uncharted territory.
The human brain activity happens for a reason: a specially designed web of nerve cell connections. In this very case, the prefrontal cortex is the place where it all starts. Whether we are talking about abstract thinking, focusing, planning, or making connections between pieces of information, it is the prefrontal cortex that makes all of these happen.
However, studies on both lab animals and humans have determined that stress can influence all of these. According to Elizabeth Phelps, a psychologist working for the Harvard University has declared that even the smallest bit of stress has a tremendous impact on our way of thinking and acting.
In addition to this, stress involves physical destruction to the brain, having the ability to shrink nerve cells, as well as their connections. All of these affected areas are found in the prefrontal cortex, and it is even thought that many other brain cells are also vulnerable, as shown by a recent study on mice.
Ever since the pandemic was declared, the researchers have started assessing the implications of this stressful period in our daily lives. Up until now, 294 research projects are under development, and it is not the first time for analyzers to conduct such experiments on people experiencing uncontrollable stress.
According to Phelps, the COVID-19 situation is affecting people’s ability to timely and accurate decisions. Her study aims to provide data regarding the influence of these external factors on one’s ability to respond to feedback, as well as how the motivation to work changes. | <urn:uuid:2efcef5f-3392-4ff7-a924-937d774c0686> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.dualdove.com/stress-versus-decision-making-who-will-win-in-light-of-the-ongoing-pandemic/10723/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141186761.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126055652-20201126085652-00160.warc.gz | en | 0.96915 | 369 | 3.546875 | 4 | 12 |
Chinese–American relations are often viewed through the prism of power rivalry and civilization clash. But China and America’s shared history is much more than a catalog of conflicts. Using culture rather than politics or economics as a reference point, Xu Guoqi highlights significant yet neglected cultural exchanges in which China and America have contributed to each other’s national development, building the foundation of what Zhou Enlai called a relationship of “equality and mutual benefit.”
Xu begins with the story of Anson Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln’s ambassador to China, and the 120 Chinese students he played a crucial role in bringing to America, inaugurating a program of Chinese international study that continues today. Such educational crosscurrents moved both ways, as is evident in Xu’s profile of the remarkable Ge Kunhua, the Chinese poet who helped spearhead Chinese language teaching in Boston in the 1870s. Xu examines the contributions of two American scholars to Chinese political and educational reform in the twentieth century: the law professor Frank Goodnow, who took part in making the Yuan Shikai government’s constitution; and the philosopher John Dewey, who helped promote Chinese modernization as a visiting scholar at Peking University and elsewhere. Xu also shows that it was Americans who first introduced to China the modern Olympic movement, and that China has used sports ever since to showcase its rise as a global power. These surprising shared traditions between two nations, Xu argues, provide the best roadmap for the future of Sino–American relations. | <urn:uuid:9d63177c-7097-41f5-80ff-0dc0e78bac91> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674052536 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141186761.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126055652-20201126085652-00160.warc.gz | en | 0.962417 | 312 | 3.21875 | 3 | 13 |
Republics of Knowledge
Nations of the Future in Latin America
An enlightening account of the entwined histories of knowledge and nationhood in Latin America—and beyond
The rise of nation-states is a hallmark of the modern age, yet we are still untangling how the phenomenon unfolded across the globe. Here, Nicola Miller offers new insights into the process of nation-making through an account of nineteenth-century Latin America, where, she argues, the identity of nascent republics was molded through previously underappreciated means: the creation and sharing of knowledge.
Drawing evidence from Argentina, Chile, and Peru, Republics of Knowledge traces the histories of these countries from the early 1800s, as they gained independence, to their centennial celebrations in the twentieth century. Miller identifies how public exchange of ideas affected policymaking, the emergence of a collective identity, and more. She finds that instead of defining themselves through language or culture, these new nations united citizens under the promise of widespread access to modern information. Miller challenges the narrative that modernization was a strictly North Atlantic affair, demonstrating that knowledge traveled both ways between Latin America and Europe. And she looks at how certain forms of knowledge came to be seen as more legitimate and valuable than others, both locally and globally. Miller ultimately suggests that all modern nations can be viewed as communities of shared knowledge, a perspective with the power to reshape our conception of the very basis of nationhood.
With its transnational framework and cross-disciplinary approach, Republics of Knowledge opens new avenues for understanding the histories of modern nations—and the foundations of modernity—the world over. | <urn:uuid:e97615f4-8585-4dbc-9bb0-4de15f120f0c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://childrensbookworld_1.mymustreads.com/id007025609/Republics-of-Knowledge | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141193221.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127131802-20201127161802-00240.warc.gz | en | 0.930649 | 330 | 3.1875 | 3 | 14 |
Dark Myst Pygmies are, despite their dark and gloomy appearance, merry creatures that are usually seen in dark swamps playing among tree branches. These small dragons love humidity, as it keeps their skin well-hydrated, and are most happy when it is raining or foggy. They feed off larvae and insects and occasionally hunt for tiny lizards and frogs.
Pygmy dragons are the smallest category of dragons, being on the same scale as domesticated animals. They are often found around concentrated populations of dragons, relying on their larger brethren to ward away potential predators and leave scraps. As such, the majority of a pygmy’s diet is scavenged. Due to their tiny size, pygmies do not breed with larger varieties of dragons. | <urn:uuid:9a3240da-6eb0-4147-a54f-50320739a47a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://dragcave.net/view/nqFMu | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141193221.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127131802-20201127161802-00240.warc.gz | en | 0.968041 | 155 | 2.625 | 3 | 15 |
Get hands-on with physics and engineering by constructing eight awesome walking machines! Explore the workings of gear trains, linkages, and intermittent gears as you discover how these elements work together to create complex walking devices.
A 48-page manual guides you through builds of eight robots that are powered by a motor box. Each model moves in a different way. For example, the four-legged terrain-walker bot keeps its body level as it moves step by step, while the kangaroo-bot hops forward on two legs. The leopard-bot has four long legs while the wild boar has four short legs. The fairy shrimp model wriggles along on swimmerets while the monkey model uses its arms to crawl along a string. | <urn:uuid:036142d3-cd82-4f2f-b057-2690536d7522> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.circleofknowledge.com/terrain-walkers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141193221.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127131802-20201127161802-00240.warc.gz | en | 0.933631 | 151 | 3.21875 | 3 | 16 |
Items in New York Heritage are organized into collections, which provide additional context for understanding their significance and meaning.
This collection is one of the largest and finest on yellow fever anywhere in the world. It contains monographs and reprints, representing the development of medical thought on yellow fever over the course of a century and a half. It reflects the confusion of 18th-century physicians when confronted with a new and deadly malady; the static debates between contagionists and non-contagionists during the 19th century; early attempts to identify a bacterial agent; and the consequences of Walter Reed's discovery of a mosquito vector. It also provides a view into the panicked efforts of local, state, and national government to respond to yellow fever's introduction and to check its spread; and to religious leaders' fervent warnings of pestilence as punishment for public sins. The digitization of the Yellow Fever Collection is made possible through a generous gift from Ranlet and Beth Miner. | <urn:uuid:a32c6fac-dfac-404e-ae46-688f598c677e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.nyheritage.org/explore/collections/field_alpha_sort/Y/time_period/1870 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195929.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128214643-20201129004643-00320.warc.gz | en | 0.954151 | 197 | 3.046875 | 3 | 17 |
Astronomers have discovered the oldest stars ever seen, dating from before the Milky Way Galaxy formed, when the universe was just 300 million years old.
The stars, found near the centre of the Milky Way, are surprisingly pure but contain material from an even earlier star, which died in an enormous explosion called a hypernova.
“These pristine stars are among the oldest surviving stars in the universe, and certainly the oldest stars we have ever seen,” said Louise Howes from The Australian National University (ANU), lead author of the study published in the latest issue of Nature.
“These stars formed before the Milky Way, and the galaxy formed around them,” said Ms Howes, whose research was done during a PhD at the ANU Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics.
The discovery and analysis of the nine pure stars challenges current theories about the environment of the early universe from which these stars formed.
“The stars have surprisingly low levels of carbon, iron and other heavy elements, which suggests the first stars might not have exploded as normal supernovae,” said Ms Howes.
“Perhaps they ended their lives as hypernovae — poorly understood explosions of probably rapidly rotating stars producing 10 times as much energy as normal supernovae.”
Project leader Professor Martin Asplund, from ANU Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics said finding such rare relic stars amongst the billions of stars in the Milky Way centre was like finding a needle in a haystack.
“The ANU SkyMapper telescope has a unique ability to detect the distinct colours of anaemic stars — stars with little iron — which has been vital for this search,” said Professor Asplund.
Following the team’s discovery in 2014 of an extremely old star on the edge of the Milky Way, the team focused on the dense central parts of the galaxy, where stars formed even earlier.
The team sifted through about five million stars observed with SkyMapper to select the most pure and therefore oldest specimens, which were then studied in more detail using the Anglo-Australian Telescope near Coonabarabran in New South Wales and the Magellan telescope in Chile to reveal their elemental make-up.
The team also demonstrated that the stars spend their entire lives near the Milky Way centre and are not just passing through, a further indication that the stars really are the oldest known stars in the universe. | <urn:uuid:a39b85b8-ec72-4ecf-b0ea-6aca2ac55fa5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://astronomynow.com/2015/11/12/oldest-stars-ever-seen-found-near-milky-way-centre/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195929.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128214643-20201129004643-00320.warc.gz | en | 0.962072 | 504 | 3.96875 | 4 | 18 |
The mechanisms governing tree drought mortality and recovery remain a subject of inquiry and active debate given their role in the terrestrial carbon cycle and their concomitant impact on climate change. Counter-intuitively, many trees do not die during the drought itself. Indeed, observations globally have documented that trees often grow for several years after drought before mortality. A combination of meta-analysis and tree physiological models demonstrate that optimal carbon allocation after drought explains observed patterns of delayed tree mortality and provides a predictive recovery framework. Specifically, post-drought, trees attempt to repair water transport tissue and achieve positive carbon balance through regrowing drought-damaged xylem. Further, the number of years of xylem regrowth required to recover function increases with tree size, explaining why drought mortality increases with size. These results indicate that tree resilience to drought-kill may increase in the future, provided that CO2 fertilization facilitates more rapid xylem regrowth. | <urn:uuid:7144bf0a-3c58-47eb-acfc-9766c95f13ff> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://hive.utah.edu/catalog?f%5Bcreator_sim%5D%5B%5D=Bartlett%2C+M.+K.&f%5Bkeyword_sim%5D%5B%5D=carbon+metabolism&f%5Bkeyword_sim%5D%5B%5D=hydraulic-carbon+coupling&f%5Bkeyword_sim%5D%5B%5D=CO2+fertilization&f%5Bresource_type_sim%5D%5B%5D=Dataset&locale=en&per_page=10&sort=system_create_dtsi+asc&view=gallery | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195929.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128214643-20201129004643-00320.warc.gz | en | 0.918531 | 188 | 3.5 | 4 | 19 |
NASA launched the last of its longtime tracking and communication satellites Friday, a vital link to astronauts in orbit as well as the Hubble Space Telescope.
The end of the era came with a morning liftoff of TDRS-M, the 13th satellite in the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite network. It rode to orbit aboard an unmanned Atlas V rocket. There were handshakes all around two hours later, when the satellite successfully separated from the rocket’s upper stage.
“We’re going to really celebrate this one,” said launch director Tim Dunn.
NASA has been launching TDRS satellites since 1983. The 22,300-mile-high constellation links ground controllers with the International Space Station and other low-orbiting craft including Hubble.
“It’s like our baby,” said NASA’s Badri Younes, deputy associate administrator for space communications and navigation.
“People have invested their soul and their sweat into making it happen” over the decades, Younes said on the eve of launch. “This spacecraft has served us so well.”
This latest flight from Cape Canaveral was delayed two weeks after a crane hit one of the satellite’s antennas last month. Satellite maker Boeing replaced the damaged antenna and took corrective action to prevent future accidents. Worker error was blamed.
The rocket and satellite cost $540 million.
Space shuttles hoisted the first-generation TDRS satellites. The second in the series was aboard Challenger’s doomed flight in 1986. It was the only loss in the entire TDRS series.
TDRS-M is third generation. NASA’s next-generation tracking network will rely on lasers. This more advanced and robust method of relaying data was demonstrated a few years ago during the moon-orbiting mission LADEE. NASA hopes to start launching these high-tech satellites by 2024. Until then, the space agency will rely on the current network.
NASA needs seven active TDRS satellites at any given time, six for real-time support and one as a spare. The newest one will remain in reserve, until needed to replace aging craft.
Besides serving other spacecraft, the satellites help provide communication to outposts at the South Pole. In 1998, the network provided critical medical help to a doctor diagnosed with breast cancer. | <urn:uuid:12fbc09a-dcc8-4e84-b6d6-d5f084ebdea3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://uponsoft.com/science-news/nasa-launches-last-of-its-longtime-tracking-satellites.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195929.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128214643-20201129004643-00320.warc.gz | en | 0.930452 | 483 | 2.59375 | 3 | 20 |
Why do teens smoke e-cigarettes? Is it safe to say that they are more health cognizant than their flammable cigarette ancestors? Or else, are they more defiant and risk taking than their conventional smoking companions?
In any case, e-cigarettes are rapidly developing in fame and use among youngsters.
“The predominance of electronic cigarette use in this populace was significantly higher than rates reported from past studies carried out in 2011 to 2012,” as per a team of specialists who considered 1,941 ninth and tenth grade students in Hawaii. The study is published in the current issue of Pediatrics.
The specialists start to figure out if teens who use e-cigarettes captivate uniquely in contrast to customary smokers or non-smokers in other risk taking practices like drinking or marijuana. They found that dual smokers — the individuals who smoked both e-cigarettes and customary cigarettes — are more inclined to take risks.
“Individuals who utilized just e-cigarettes did not score high on variables, for example, defiance, sensation seeking, and peer smoker affiliations contrasted and dual smokers,” said by study authors, headed by Thomas A. Wills, Phd, University of Hawaii Cancer Center. “The dual smokers evidently symbolize individuals who are inclined to problem behavior.”
As anyone might expect, non-smokers symbolized the least hazard while e-cigarette smokers or just conventional cigarettes fell someplace in the center.
The electronic cigarette industry is making an exhaustive job of showcasing their item as 96% of secondary school students utter full consciousness of e-cigarettes. The rate of utilization (17%) among this age group far surpasses ignitable just use (3%).
Teens in Hawaii see more tobacco advertisements than in different parts of the United States, maybe to adjust for a much higher sales tax on the item. The researchers propose that the high rates of e-cigarette smokers among this group may likewise be helped by their guardians.
“Reports from school directors propose that a few parents see e-cigarettes as alluring and purchase them for teenagers,” said the researchers. “Heads observe this when they take e-cigarettes from students, parents’ complaint and ask them back.”
Conventional cigarette users did not accept e-cigarettes to be any healthier. These teens “are more susceptible to the impacts of nicotine, reflected in their high score on smoking hopes, and maybe they are less socially involved in peer gatherings,” say the analysts. | <urn:uuid:a9f0f1f4-d188-4945-9484-5bb2316544f0> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.capitalwired.com/tag/thomas-a-wills/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195929.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128214643-20201129004643-00320.warc.gz | en | 0.938266 | 513 | 2.734375 | 3 | 21 |
For thousands of years, hickory nuts were an important part of the diet of the Choctaw people in
present-day Mississippi and Alabama. In this area, pecan trees were very rare. As Choctaws
moved westward on hunting trips, and later through the Trail of Tears, they encountered the
pecan nut. Similar to the familiar hickory, but with a thinner shell, they called “Oksak Fvla”, or
“Shelled Hickory Nut”.
Rooted in pride and planted with passion, a spirit of goodness goes into every bag of pecans we
harvest at Choctaw Farms. This is why the pecan nut harvest remains an enjoyable fall tradition
for generations of Choctaw families in Southeast Oklahoma. | <urn:uuid:8c339078-25a3-4f0a-8fc3-d376fadbb1c5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.miocoalition.com/choctaw-farms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195929.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128214643-20201129004643-00320.warc.gz | en | 0.940153 | 167 | 2.890625 | 3 | 22 |
Inguinal hernia is the most common type of hernia. It occurs when a portion of the intestines protrudes through the inguinal canal. General symptoms include pain, discomfort, and possibly a lump near the groin. These symptoms tend to get worse during the day, while coughing, during exercise, or while bearing down (for example, during a bowel movement). Symptoms may improve when lying down. Surgery is not always necessary, but the situation can become a medical emergency if the protruding organ gets cut off from its blood supply. | <urn:uuid:5cadbebf-6649-4809-b8cf-e25a80130909> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://herniapedia.com/faqs_type/what-is-an-inguinal-hernia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141211510.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130065516-20201130095516-00400.warc.gz | en | 0.96261 | 110 | 2.734375 | 3 | 23 |
The Civil War’s second major amphibious operation was the capture of Port Royal Sound on November 7, 1861. Flag Officer Samuel Francis Du Pont was the newly minted commander of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. He needed to capture Port Royal Sound, South Carolina, to use as a base for his squadron. Du Pont placed his warships on an elliptical course and forced forts Walker and Beauregard to surrender. The Sound enabled the Federals to maintain a blockade of Charleston and Savannah. The Union’s occupation of South Carolina’s Sea Islands resulted in the Port Royal Experiment. Abolitionists toiled to assist these formerly enslaved people become literate and self-reliant wage earners. Once the Emancipation Proclamation was made law, this coastal region became a recruitment center for African American soldiers.
Blockade Strategy Board
When Fort Sumter fell to the Confederates on April 14, 1861, President Abraham Lincoln declared a blockade of the southern coastline from Virginia to Texas. Winfield Scott, then general in chief of the US Army, suggested the Union’s primary war aim be a blockade of southern ports, including the capture of the Mississippi River. Scott knew that the closure of these ports would end the cotton for cannon trade which was so necessary for the South’s survival. A commission was formed known as the Blockade Strategy Board, also known as the Du Pont Board. | <urn:uuid:605db58d-3a92-454a-8bbc-d95e8cf1e5fb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://blog.marinersmuseum.org/tag/p-g-t-beauregard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141681209.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201170219-20201201200219-00480.warc.gz | en | 0.953124 | 289 | 4.28125 | 4 | 24 |
Few Christian thinkers have brought such an array of intellectual, scientific, spiritual, and religious resources to bear on faith and society as Bernard Lonergan (1904-1984). A Jesuit philosopher and theologian, Lonergan worked to integrate faith with the promotion of justice.
Taught by one of the world’s leading experts on Lonergan, this 12-lecture course introduces you to the breadth of Lonergan’s thought. You will focus on his method of better knowing yourself through your web of natural, social, and religious “ecologies.”
Dr. Gordon Rixon, a professor at the University of Toronto, helps you arrive at abiding truths through personal discovery, critical reflection, and introspection. In the process, you’ll run the gamut of natural, human, and theological sciences, contemplating such topics as:
the artwork of Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Käthe Kollwitz; the physiology and spirituality of breathing; the metaphysics of knowledge as explained by St. Thomas Aquinas; the social impact of climate change; the mystery of the Incarnation as defined by the Council of Chalcedon; and the joy of contemporary evangelization as described in Pope Francis’s Evangelii Gaudium. You’ll walk away with a transformed understanding of Lonergan’s legacy and significance, emboldened by a religious faith that acknowledges scientific inquiry while recognizing the beauty of the beguiling unknown. | <urn:uuid:5a7752ec-4f7f-4c23-9d1e-7e97d96bc9b5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://books.apple.com/ca/audiobook/bernard-lonergan-christianitys-response-to-a-secular-age/id1508511507 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141681209.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201170219-20201201200219-00480.warc.gz | en | 0.902969 | 306 | 2.671875 | 3 | 25 |
At the end of a long day, especially one with a lot of standing and walking, it is not uncommon for the feet to feel tired, ache, and burn. This condition of burning feet can become more common after the age of 50. However, if burning feet turns into a chronic and recurring experience, it can indicate a serious underlying health issue, such as diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, or nerve problems. Because of this, it is important to contact a podiatrist if burning feet persists or becomes a regular occurrence. Burning feet can also result from obesity or alcohol abuse.
To help with burning feet, wear properly-fitting, supportive footwear in a breathable material, along with cotton socks; cushioned inserts can also provide more comfort while standing. Custom orthotics can correct foot imbalances that may lead to the sensation of burning feet. Rest the feet from time to time when standing for long stretches. Foot baths can soothe hot, sweaty feet. | <urn:uuid:f7d9791c-1983-48e8-bc57-58ed26d18e54> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://hometownfootcare.com/term/burning-feet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141681209.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201170219-20201201200219-00480.warc.gz | en | 0.940999 | 195 | 2.625 | 3 | 26 |
Solgar Vitamin D
Known as the sunshine vitamin, vitamin D3 contributes to the normal function of the immune system and the maintenance of normal bones and teeth. Vitamin D deficiency affects at least half the population. Those most at risk include: over 65s; pregnant and breast-feeding women; children under 5; people with low exposure to the sun and people who have darker skin.
Also check out the rest of our Solgar range here.
Additionally find out more about the benefits here. | <urn:uuid:61deffc3-dd84-46d4-a3be-75bed4b1294d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.mycoresupplements.ie/product/solgar-vitamin-d/?add-to-cart=8495 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141681209.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201170219-20201201200219-00480.warc.gz | en | 0.90642 | 100 | 2.609375 | 3 | 27 |
Mississippi finally changed its state flag, which has served as a symbol of hate for more than a century.
On Tuesday, June 30, 2020, Gov. Tate Reeves signed a bill that will enforce the removal of the Confederate battle flag from its design, according to WJCL.
The Confederate battle emblem was added by Mississippi in 1894 as a response to Black progression following the Civil War. After slavery, Blacks began gaining political and economical power across the South. Racist Whites responded with lynchings in the streets and by enacting laws that legally prevented progress for Black citizens.
The Confederate flag soon became embraced by racist organizations such as the KKK as states like Mississippi sided with hate.
In the wake of George Floyd’s death, an uprising has occurred across the country and sparked greater awareness of racial disparities. Many called for Mississippi leaders to remove the Confederate emblem from the state flag.
Kylin Hill of Mississippi State University, one of the nation’s top running backs, said he would sit out his senior season at MSU if the state continued to fly the flag bearing the Confederate symbol.
“Either change the flag or I won’t be representing this State anymore,” Hill wrote in a tweet.
Hill’s voice and the push by lawmakers helped to initiate the change | <urn:uuid:652b95bc-4b26-4f17-9f18-65271d5005c4> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://rollingout.com/2020/07/01/mississippi-finally-removes-confederate-symbol-from-state-flag-after-126-years/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141718314.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20201203031111-20201203061111-00560.warc.gz | en | 0.969039 | 272 | 2.890625 | 3 | 28 |
The fairy stones of Northern Canada were discovered by the Algonquin Indians when they came upon Canada’s second longest river during a hunting expedition. Looking strangely like biscuits, they named the river Harricana, which means “river of the biscuits“, in the Algonquin language. The stones soon adopted the name “fairy stones” as they proved over and over to be a lucky charm for all those who own one.
Lovers offer these beautiful stones to their loved ones. These unique stones occupy a place of honor in homes and according to the legend, these special stones assure protection against the bad spirits. They are also believed to bring good health and prosperity to the occupants of the premise.
Large stone measuring 1 1/4″ to 2″. Each stone is different and unique. Andrew will choose the right one for you! | <urn:uuid:531bd194-9080-46ea-a173-373529868d2c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.peacefulmind.com/product/fairy-tumblestone-only/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141718314.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20201203031111-20201203061111-00560.warc.gz | en | 0.946977 | 176 | 2.53125 | 3 | 29 |
Drug companies around the world are working to develop a vaccine for Covid-19. In mid-November, both Pfizer and BioNTech and Moderna, report that — based on early data — they have vaccines that are about 90 percent and 94 percent effective against Covid-19, respectively.
Even with this news, Vox’s Umair Irfan reports, many key steps remain before a vaccine is rolled out. First, the trials must be completed, the vaccines must be proven safe, and they need to get approved. Once that happens, a global supply chain, from the glass vials that hold the vaccine to the syringes used to inject them, needs to spool up to make huge quantities of the vaccines.
Manufacturers will also have to ensure that vaccines remain intact and under strict temperature controls from the factory to the hospitals and clinics where they will be used. The process of manufacturing, distributing, and administering a vaccine could take months.
And vaccine research doesn’t end once a vaccine gets approved. Researchers and companies will still have to track complications across millions of people and pay attention to how quickly immunity wanes.
It’s also important to remember that a vaccine is not enough on its own to end the pandemic. Measures like social distancing, good hygiene, and wearing face masks will remain essential to control the spread of Covid-19 until a vaccine is widely available. Public acceptance will also be a major issue, and health officials will have to overcome a wave of vaccine hesitancy. | <urn:uuid:18da511a-809e-4235-9316-87bf8084a50c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://apostz.com/covid-19-vaccines-news-and-updates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141737946.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204131750-20201204161750-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.955449 | 315 | 3.484375 | 3 | 30 |
cancers of unknown primary
Posted on by Dr. Francis Collins
When cells die, scissor-like enzymes snip their DNA into tiny fragments that leak into the bloodstream and other bodily fluids. Researchers have been busy in recent years working on ways to collect these free-floating bits of DNA and explore their potential use in clinical care.
These approaches, sometimes referred to as “liquid biopsies,” hinge on the ability to distinguish specific DNA fragments from the body’s normal background of “cell-free” DNA, most of which comes from dying white blood cells. Seeking other sources for cell-free DNA in particular situations is beginning to bear fruit, however. Current applications include: 1) a test in maternal blood to look for DNA from the fetus (actually from the fetal component of the placenta), which provides a means of detecting a possible genetic abnormality; 2) a test in a cancer patient’s blood to look for cancer-specific mutations, as a way of assessing response to treatment or early signs of relapse; and 3) a test in an organ transplant recipient, where increasing abundance of DNA fragments from the donor can be an early sign of rejection.
But recent proposals have been floated about looking for cell-free DNA in healthy individuals, as an early sign of some health problems. Suppose something was found—how could you know the source? Now a team of NIH-funded researchers has devised a new method that uses distinctive features of DNA packaging to provide an additional layer of information about the origins of free-floating DNA, vastly expanding the potential uses for such tests . | <urn:uuid:decaa06e-79a4-4936-b0b6-df7252f0c330> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://directorsblog.nih.gov/tag/cancers-of-unknown-primary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141737946.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204131750-20201204161750-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.942522 | 332 | 3.375 | 3 | 31 |
A recent study is giving us all another reason to enjoy that cup of coffee. Research conducted by the University of Illinois indicates that caffeine may help to slow weight gain from an “obesogenic” diet—a diet that is likely to make you gain weight, such as eating foods high in fat and sugar.
The study was conducted over a four week period and involved feeding different groups of rats the same diet. The diet consisted of 40 per cent fat, 45 per cent carbohydrates, and 15 per cent protein (essentially the opposite of a Mediterranean diet). Some of the rats were also given what would be the equivalent of four cups of coffee per day from various sources. When the four weeks were done, the rats given caffeine had gained 16 per cent less weight and had added 22 per cent less body fat than the other rats. Curious, the researchers tracked down what they feel is the cause, namely that caffeine decreases the accumulation of lipids in adipose cells by 20 to 40 per cent. They also tracked the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and obesity, discovering that caffeine consumption also drops production of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver. “Considering the findings…caffeine can be considered anti-obesity agents,” says the study. “The results of this research could be scaled to humans to understand the role of caffeine as potential strategies to prevent overweight and obesity, as well as the subsequent metabolic disorders associated with these conditions.”
So go ahead and have that doughnut in the morning, as long as you accompany it with a cup of coffee. The caffeine just might help you keep the weight off—if you’re a rat. The study still needs to be done with humans to fully understand if caffeine is a viable strategy to “prevent overweight and obesity, as well as the subsequent metabolic disorders associated with these conditions.” | <urn:uuid:b1ec63af-5dd5-4674-92c1-ea117c149450> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://manofmany.com/lifestyle/drinks/studies-show-coffee-might-help-you-lose-weight-and-body-fat | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141737946.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204131750-20201204161750-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.971671 | 388 | 3.15625 | 3 | 32 |
Look at the Weather
From 7 | 152 pages
Through four chapters—sun, rain, ice and snow, and extreme weather—this book explores different weather phenomena, from rainbows and sunsets to clouds, frost, and rainstorms. Moments of distress and destruction are offset by the calm after a storm or the peaceful feeling of a blanket of fresh snow.
Evocative paintings convey the sheer power of weather, while lyrical text captures the richness of our natural environment. The book takes an inspiring tone rather than an exhaustive, factual one. The book explicitly makes the links between extreme weather, climate change, and human activity, and poses questions often, inviting young readers to observe and inquire about their own environment or to imagine other ones. | <urn:uuid:6d1c890f-1093-4362-afef-4f0f86db41df> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://shop.owlkids.com/products/look-at-the-weather?variant=37616794817 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141737946.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204131750-20201204161750-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.904097 | 149 | 2.96875 | 3 | 33 |
FM8 Fundamentals and Frequency Modulation Synthesis
The concept behind FM8, and Frequency Modulation Synthesis in general, is that a modulating frequency is used to transform a carrier signal by modulating the carrier’s frequency. In Layman’s terms, Frequency Modulation Synthesis changes the pitch of an existing signal via modulation. Frequency Modulation Synthesis has been used in a number of highly regarded hardware synthesizers over the years, including the Yamaha DX-7, but the fact that FM8 and Frequency Modulation can now be easily manipulated and edited through softare is amazing! This tutorial does a good job of breaking down some FM8 fundamentals and will hopefully help you understand it all better.
This video covers some of the FM8 fundamentals that are easily missed when first getting started. Ideas like not assigning every operator a specific waveform to achieve what you think is the correct output waveform, and using the envelope editor to properly shape your sounds. The ideas expressed throughout this video are worth their weight in gold, and it would be a shame to not consider these approaches in your own sound design quests. This is definitely a video that any promising FM8 sound designer should watch. | <urn:uuid:e4ff24dc-cf58-4753-9df6-7fac1eb645ff> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.adsrsounds.com/fm8-tutorials/fm8-fundamentals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141737946.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204131750-20201204161750-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.932169 | 245 | 2.546875 | 3 | 34 |
MOSCOW (AP) — Russian President Vladimir Putin has rejected claims that Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union share responsibility for starting World War II.
Two weeks after Germany invaded Poland on Sept. 1, 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east, with Adolf Hitler and Soviet dictator Josef Stalin carving up Poland and the Baltic states based on a secret protocol. Russian officials claim Moscow was forced into the move by the West’s failure to stand up to Hitler’s aggression.
Speaking at an international affairs conference Thursday in the southern Russian city of Sochi, Putin said Stalin’s purges marked a “dark page” in Russia’s history. But he rejected the notion that Stalin shared responsibility for starting WWII as “the height of cynicism.” He also highlighted the decisive role that the Soviet Union played in defeating the Nazis. | <urn:uuid:b6b76f10-632b-4242-b6b2-b199a2924e9c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.koin.com/news/international/putin-rejects-blaming-stalin-for-start-of-world-war-ii/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141737946.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204131750-20201204161750-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.943497 | 178 | 3.0625 | 3 | 35 |
Age-related macular degeneration, often referred to as AMD, is a medical condition, which usually causes central vision loss in older adults. Macular degeneration can make it difficult or impossible to read or recognize faces, although enough peripheral vision remains to allow other activities of daily life.
AMD is not painful, which may allow it to go unnoticed for some time. Risk factors for macular degeneration may include smoking, obesity, Caucasian, female, and family history.
Having an annual eye exam is important for adults to allow Dr. JANE SMITH to examine the macula and to measure vision. New research has shown that certain vitamins and proper sunglass protection for ultraviolet sunlight exposure may be helpful to lessen the risk of macular degeneration. Early diagnosis and continued observation by an eye doctor is crucial to protecting eyesight in macular degeneration patients. | <urn:uuid:e2473d10-0f87-4def-9b16-ec0f570d9fdc> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.portzandwadeoptometry.com/portfolio-view/macular-degeneration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141737946.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204131750-20201204161750-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.951522 | 175 | 3.375 | 3 | 36 |
Why do we dance? African-American social dances started as a way for enslaved Africans to keep cultural traditions alive and retain a sense of inner freedom. They remain an affirmation of identity and independence. In this electric demonstration, packed with live performances, choreographer, educator and TED Fellow Camille A. Brown explores what happens when communities let loose and express themselves by dancing together. | <urn:uuid:016d2b28-0f02-4937-ad77-bd34f14e4f56> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.tolerance.org/search?f%5B0%5D=facet_sitewide_grade_level%3A37&f%5B1%5D=facet_sitewide_social_justice_domain%3A42&f%5B2%5D=social_justice_standard%3A50&%3Bf%5B1%5D=facet_sitewide_grade_level%3A38&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B1%5D=facet_sitewide_social_justice_domain%3A39&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B2%5D=facet_sitewide_grade_level%3A38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141737946.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204131750-20201204161750-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.905332 | 75 | 3 | 3 | 37 |
California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Pigeon Point, California
In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
Dietary variability in two common Alaskan skates (Bathyraja interrupta and Raja rhina)
Determining trophic relationships within and among species can provide insight into the structure and function of an ecosystem, and can inform the development of multi-species monitoring and management plans. The goal of this study was to address the need for dietary and trophic information of two common and abundant skates in Prince William Sound (PWS), the Bering skate, Bathyraja interrupta, and longnose skate, Raja rhina. Based on identification and analysis of stomach content data, both species were found to be generalist predators with diets dominated by crustaceans and supplemented with teleosts. The primary source of dietary variability for each species was total length, with spatial variables (i.e., latitude, longitude, and depth) also explaining a large portion of total dietary variability in the Bering skate. However, only a small proportion of the total intraspecific dietary variation was accounted for among the analyzed variables, suggesting substantial individual-based differences in the feeding habits of each species. Trophic level estimates indicated that the Bering skate and longnose skates <100 cm total length (TL) were secondary consumers, whereas longnose skates ≥100 cm TL were more piscivorous, tertiary consumers. Significant interspecific dietary differences were also evident, suggesting trophic separation, likely as a function of skate size. Given their abundance and generalistic feeding behavior, PWS skates can provide a means of monitoring demersal community health; information about their foraging ecology will be valuable in gaining a better understanding of trophodynamics within the PWS food web. | <urn:uuid:3a9ff25f-8035-4c1a-998f-b224cc82b36c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://islandora.mlml.calstate.edu/islandora/search/%20?islandora_solr_search_navigation=0&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B0%5D=-mods_name_personal_namePart_family_ms%3A%22Ebert%22&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B1%5D=-mods_name_personal_namePart_family_ms%3A%22Harvey%22&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B2%5D=-mods_name_personal_namePart_family_ms%3A%22Hamilton%22&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B3%5D=-mods_name_personal_namePart_family_ms%3A%22Foster%22&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B4%5D=-mods_name_personal_namePart_ms%3A%22Margolina%2C%5C%20T.M.%22&display=default&f%5B0%5D=-mods_name_personal_namePart_ms%3A%22Welschmeyer%2C%5C%20Nicholas%5C%20A.%22&f%5B1%5D=-mods_name_personal_namePart_family_ms%3A%22Harvey%22&f%5B2%5D=-mods_name_corporate_namePart_ms%3A%22California%5C%20State%5C%20University%2C%5C%20Sacramento%22&f%5B3%5D=-mods_name_personal_namePart_family_ms%3A%22Graham%22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141164142.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123182720-20201123212720-00280.warc.gz | en | 0.896271 | 534 | 3.09375 | 3 | 38 |
This major exhibition traces the representation of fire in British art across the last four centuries.
In turns destructive and creative, fearsome and fascinating, fire is a subject loaded with symbolism, ritual and emotion. Unsurprisingly, the subject has drawn in artists throughout the ages. The exhibition will examine how artists’ approaches have changed over time, recording historical, religious, domestic or natural events as well as exploring fire as a material phenomenon informed by contemporary themes and issues.
Artists include JMW Turner, Joseph Wright of Derby, William Blake, John Martin, Stanley Spencer, Wilhelmina Barnes-Graham, Eric Ravilious, Jeremy Deller, Tim Shaw, Susan Hiller, David Nash, Douglas Gordon and Cornelia Parker.
The exhibition shows how vital fire has been to the human experience, through technology, storytelling and symbolism and how the duality of our relationship with the element continues to fascinate in the 21st century. | <urn:uuid:dc0ce48c-9aa6-43d4-84c5-69d0332e83a5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.artfund.org/whats-on/exhibitions/2019/06/15/fire-flashes-to-ashes-in-british-art-1692-2019-exhibition | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141164142.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123182720-20201123212720-00280.warc.gz | en | 0.938021 | 189 | 2.59375 | 3 | 39 |
Initially the Spanish tried to use Native Americans to work the New World plantations, but they often died through overwork and disease. European countries then tried to use indentured Scots and Irish immigrants, but plantation owners demanded a cheaper source of labour. As a result, black Africans were shipped across the Atlantic to work as slaves in the fields.
Students could investigate indentured servitude and its relation to industrialisation. Discuss how a surplus of labour leading to lower wages may have made this seem as an appealing option for poor workers.
Compare the conditions for indentured workers with those of slaves and try to explain similarities and differences.
Investigate the cultural and religious factors that led many to view the lives of Black Africans as of lesser importance. | <urn:uuid:10b219ac-63fd-422e-a5e6-807c5b9591bb> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/z7rrkqt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141164142.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123182720-20201123212720-00280.warc.gz | en | 0.973384 | 148 | 4.15625 | 4 | 40 |
At the historic Georgetown Steam Plant, located at the eastern edge of Georgetown, it used to be a little more complicated. With its 1906 dual-pole knife switches with exposed contacts, turning the lights on required a trained electrician to flip multiple switches in separate locations.
All that is in the past now, after a team of project managers, electricians and a historic preservationist came up with a creative upgrade that respected the plant’s history.
Earlier this year, Capital Projects Coordinator Raul “Pepe” O’Baya, Historic Resource Specialist Rebecca Ossa, Crew Coordinator Ed Richards, Electrician Constructors Ben Crum and Ben McDonald, and Apprentice Andrzej Planeta, put together a plan for preserving the original equipment in place, while providing a safe and code-compliant means to turn on the lights.
The project was challenging since the historic panels were not standardized like today’s panels. Not all were installed at the same height or with necessary clearances, and not all switches or later alterations/additions were labeled.
Staff drilled new conduit connections through the side of the historic wood panels. They rerouted conduit runs, and reduced or split them to eliminate unnecessary clutter. They placed boxes in areas that were easily accessible. The boxes were left unpainted, to go with the utilitarian industrial interior of the steam plant, and new black switches were used as a nod to the vintage dark Bakelite switches of old.
The project was completed in mid-September 2014. Now, City Light staff visiting the building can just ‘flip the switch’ to illuminate the interior of the plant. And side by side, the historic and new switches give us an opportunity to examine the steam plant’s technological changes through time, without the need to travel far.
About the Georgetown Steam Plant
Built in 1906 by the Seattle Electric Company on 18 acres of land along the Duwamish River, the plant stands today as a reminder of the era of electrification of America’s cities, of technological innovation through the development of the vertical Curtis steam turbine, and its use of reinforced concrete construction, a method advocated by Frank B. Gilbreth, an early 20th century efficiency expert. For more information about the plant please visit: | <urn:uuid:a16c464a-181d-4558-aa1a-a325ae0d7888> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://powerlines.seattle.gov/tag/blade-switches/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141180636.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125012933-20201125042933-00360.warc.gz | en | 0.942087 | 483 | 3.078125 | 3 | 41 |
Fort Pulaski National Monument is rich in history and contemporary outdoor recreation. It’s a wonderful place for guests of our Savannah Vacation Homes to visit.
Fort Pulaski has had many jobs over the years. It was originally constructed in the early 1830s to protect the Port of Savannah from foreign invasion. During the Civil War, Fort Pulaski was home to both Confederate and Union troops. It was the final stop on the Underground Railroad before emancipation on nearby Cockspur Island. Later, the fort served as a military and political prison.
Tours of Pulaski National Monument are given twice daily and last approximately an hour. Visitors learn about Civil War technology, life at the fort, and the Battle for Fort Pulaski of 1862.
In addition to learning about the history of the place, visitors can spend many peaceful hours enjoying its natural setting. Trails lead along marshes, through the fort’s original construction village, and around Fort Pulaski. Views of the Cockspur Island Lighthouse, the Savannah River, and the fort itself are unparalleled.
There are also many interpretive programs at Fort Pulaski. Visitors may tour the lighthouse, learn about Musket Firing, and see a cannon fired. Special events, such as guided boat trips around the island, take place from time to time. | <urn:uuid:a02490ff-0647-48b4-a36c-c53689ec76a0> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://savannahvillas.com/2012/05/01/fort-pulaski-national-monument/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141180636.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125012933-20201125042933-00360.warc.gz | en | 0.96161 | 274 | 2.90625 | 3 | 42 |
Judy Nevin of San Antonio was concerned about Monarch chrysalises she’d been monitoring in her garden this week. One had crawled under some plant cloth and frozen when the temperatures dipped below 32. Another had relocated to a former basil plant and formed its green, gold-flecked container on a dead limb, perhaps to emerge on a day like those we experienced this weekend when the sun warmed parts of Bexar County to springlike temperatures in the 70s.
“I had two chrysalises until two nights before last,” said Nevin by phone. One froze and she brought the other inside.
Our schizophrenic weather, freezing one day and balmy the next, has provoked frequent questions from readers about what to do with chryalises found in the winter. Should you bring them inside? And why do they form away from their host plant?
Bringing a chrysalis inside for protection from the elements is a judgement call. We already covered the quandary of moving late season caterpillars indoors in this December post. The same logic applies to chrysalises. Will you be around to release the butterfly or do you plan to keep it inside if the weather is ornery? Do you have nectar for it–either artificial or natural? Depending on where you live and the time of year, the newborn butterfly may have few prospects for food or mating.
Again, there’s no “right” answer here.
As for caterpillars forming their chrysalises AWAY from their hostplants, this is common practice. We’ve brought hundreds of caterpillars and chrysalises inside, and yet it still provokes smiles when we find a chrysalis in an unlikely place. | <urn:uuid:bb7cbd22-9fc2-4e3d-bed5-73f54ab23460> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://texasbutterflyranch.com/2013/01/20/oh-those-crazy-chrysalises-bringing-caterpillars-inside-can-result-in-chrysalises-in-surprising-places/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141180636.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125012933-20201125042933-00360.warc.gz | en | 0.949375 | 367 | 2.78125 | 3 | 43 |
Noisy airplanes aren’t just annoying; they can be bad for your health. Research has linked consistent exposure to airplane noise to high blood pressure and diminished reading comprehension in children. At Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport, scientists have partnered with an architect to tackle noise pollution the most aesthetically pleasing way they know how: with land art.
In 2008, Schiphol assigned the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research to study noise following reports that neighbors could hear the ground vibrations of the airports planes from 18 miles away. The researchers discovered that noise decreased after nearby farmers had plowed their fields; the furrows they left in the earth managed to absorb sound. So why not replicate the phenomenon permanently?
The research team brought on Paul De Kort of H+N+S Landscape Architects to help devise a solution. On 80 acres of land behind the runway, Kort designed 150 symmetrical furrows that, from above, look like the work of aliens. Inside the furrows, you have typical park attractions like sports fields and bike paths.
The design served its purpose. The park was finished in 2013 and, according to Smithsonian, noise pollution in the area dropped to half its previous levels. Measurements showed that noise was below the recommended levels in all 35 monitoring locations. | <urn:uuid:b60c2425-3f97-4ed8-83bd-e5bb87dafcff> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.fastcompany.com/3046874/to-drown-out-noisy-airplanes-just-add-land-art | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141180636.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125012933-20201125042933-00360.warc.gz | en | 0.940712 | 261 | 3.265625 | 3 | 44 |
Hepatosplenomegaly — enlargement of the liver and spleen — can develop as a result of Gaucher disease in adults, according to a case report.
The case report, “Gaucher disease in an adult: A rare cause of hepatosplenomegaly in adults,” was published in the journal Northern Clinics of Istanbul.
Physicians reported the case of a 19-year-old woman with no prior significant medical history who came to the hospital with weakness. Upon physical examination, physicians discovered that the patient had hepatosplenomegaly. The woman had no peripheral lymphadenopathies (disease of the lymph nodes).
Blood tests were conducted, which showed anemia and low platelet levels. Otherwise, the results were normal. Physician then checked the types of cells present in the peripheral blood and determined they were 60% granulocytes — a kind of immune cell that fights infections — and 30% lymphocytes.
Using a technique called color doppler ultrasonography, the patient’s liver and spleen were found to be enlarged, with no abnormalities on the functional parts of each organ.
Physicians screened the patient for a gene mutation of JAK2 and t(9;22) — which would be representative of blood malignancies such as atypical acute myeloid leukemia. However, the test came back negative for these mutations.
Therefore, they conducted bone marrow aspiration and biopsy to determine the presence of atypical cells. These analyses revealed significant levels of macrophages — a type of immune cell.
Those cells were further stained for biomarkers, which were found to be positive for CD68, lyzozyme, and TRAP, but negative for S100 and CD1a. The biomarkers, combined with the physical features of the biopsy, led researchers to diagnose the patient with Gaucher disease.
Physicians then determined the enzymatic activity of beta-glycosidase, which is commonly mutated in patients with Gaucher disease, and found that the patient had low beta-glycosidase.
Further genetic analysis revealed the patient had two mutations consistent with the diagnosis. The patient was started on Cerezyme (imiglucerase) — an enzyme replacement therapy that increases the levels of active beta-glycosidase.
The woman recovered and was healthy on the first-year follow-up with a reduction in the size of her liver and spleen.
“Hepatosplenomegaly is the most common finding; Gaucher disease should be kept in mind in patients with unexplained hepatosplenomegaly,” the researchers concluded.
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Tell us how we can improve this post? | <urn:uuid:db63ead6-9146-4ef1-8123-bd2530ffb45e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://gaucherdiseasenews.com/2018/04/19/gaucher-causes-rare-hepatosplenomegaly-case-report/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141187753.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126084625-20201126114625-00440.warc.gz | en | 0.956392 | 585 | 2.890625 | 3 | 45 |
Researchers from the University of Delaware have found that reading to Spanish-speaking children in their native language can help them better understand the English language. Their study shows that these children are more likely to excel in reading and writing in English when exposed to their native tongue at an early age.
“This suggests that well-developed Spanish reading proficiency early on likely plays a greater role in English reading development than a student’s proficiency in speaking English,” said researcher Steven Amendum.
Seeing a boost in reading levels
Amendum and his team evaluated students from the time they were in kindergarten until they were in the fourth grade. All participants were read to by their parents in Spanish and were reading on their own to try to master English.
Ultimately, the study revealed that early exposure to Spanish was crucial to children developing sharper English reading and speaking skills. This came as a surprise to the researchers because of how young the children were at the beginning of the study.
“Many studies have shown cross-language transfer but not necessarily at such an early age, and we are not aware of any studies that have shown how that influence lasts across such a long learning spectrum,” Amendum said.
Students who weren’t as advanced in their Spanish reading at a younger age were more likely to continue to fall behind as they got older in both reading and speaking English. However, those with a stronger grasp of reading Spanish not only caught up to expected reading and speaking levels in English, but they eventually outperformed other Spanish readers.
According to the researchers, this study highlights the importance of maintaining the native language, as it can be crucial to kids’ development and understanding of other languages.
“We can’t ignore native language,” said Amendum. “Helping kids become bilingual and biliterate is always a great long-term outcome for kids. We want to support a child’s native early reading and language skills, and to help teachers and families understand how they can use a first language to help students learn a second language, while continuing to develop their native language.” | <urn:uuid:593f2854-90fb-4953-b095-e13b3a4a2f21> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.consumeraffairs.com/news/spanish-speaking-children-learn-english-faster-when-parents-read-to-them-in-their-native-language-101719.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141187753.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126084625-20201126114625-00440.warc.gz | en | 0.980519 | 432 | 3.640625 | 4 | 46 |
Every person is born different. Some people are blonde, some dark-haired, some are tall, and others short. One can wonder, how would it be if everyone was the same?
However, can personality traits be linked to our external qualities? A study shows that shorter people are more aggressive than taller people, according to the site Injury Prevention.
According to the research, shorter individuals get angry easier and have a short fuse. This behavior comes from the person’s self-perception.
Short people feel less masculine
They conducted the study on 600 men, between the ages of 18 and 50, at a research center in Georgia, USA. The study included questions about their self-image and how they looked at themselves in their surroundings.
The result showed that shorter individuals felt less masculine compared to taller men and then compensated this with aggressiveness to match their perception of masculinity. The phenomenon is called “male discrepancy stress”.
Previous studies have shown the same results. A research team at Oxford University found that the shorter a person is, the more vulnerable they feel. The famous “Napoleon complex”.
Napoleon complex occurs when a person compensates for something they consider themselves to be lacking. In this case, short height with aggressiveness.
What do you think about this? Do you know any short person who is always angry and aggressive? Press the share button so they can read this vital information! | <urn:uuid:26ccf552-10f7-45e3-a4ff-fb1b5ab70e0a> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.thelaughclub.net/news/short-people-angrier-aggressive/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141187753.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126084625-20201126114625-00440.warc.gz | en | 0.958479 | 294 | 2.921875 | 3 | 47 |
The Transatlantic Slave Trade, the largest forced migration in world history, involved the displacement of at least 13 million African peoples, a majority of them identified as boys or men, a majority of them captives of war sown among West and central African societies by imperial powers within and without the African continent. The grim truth, that it operated as a trade alongside many other profitable goods and exchange, meant that there is considerable record of the transactions themselves. The numbers can blunt us to the human tragedy of it…enslaved Africans had been poets and blacksmiths, brothers and sisters, weavers and house-builders. They were terrified, traumatized; many were from interior regions of the continent, and had never seen an ocean in their lives. To experience it in that fashion, to have nothing but the water, the sound, the smell, the fear, surround you, must have pushed even the bravest to their breaking point. Indeed, slave ships took to installing nets to stop suicide attempts.
But the data of the Transatlantic Slave Trade can also reveal smaller stories, some of which otherwise have been subsumed by the voluminous abolitionist and “slave narrative” accounts. The latter are rightfully important in looking at the trade, but especially abolitionist literature needs to be handled carefully by historians because they were occasionally selective, and thus reductive. That selectivity favored gory details over more widespread experiences, like collective psychological trauma — though seemingly anachronistic, it’s not unreasonable to consider that enslaved Africans would suffer from post-traumatic stress. This could be made worse by the spiritual damage of family and community separation, which for many West and central African religions compromised a person’s ability to be formally initiated into communal ancestry. In fact, a psychological text analysis of Olaudah Equiano’s autobiography reveals dozens of references to 18th century terms for depression (“despair,” “melancholy”, “sad”, as well as the term itself), often focused on longing for family and community. Equiano’s account also draws particular attention to his youth, reminding us of another statistic: the average victim of the Transatlantic Slave Trade was 15 years old.Continue reading “A Glimpse of Predation: Gender and Demography in the Transatlantic Slave Trade” | <urn:uuid:0ef5715c-6ef3-44d7-a89a-6954f4e83bbe> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://benjaminwendorf.com/category/african-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141193856.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127161801-20201127191801-00520.warc.gz | en | 0.967383 | 481 | 3.46875 | 3 | 48 |
About 9,000 years ago, the Fuzhou Basin in southeastern China fell victim to rising sea levels, pushing underwater the marshy lands needed for rice farming. The marooned people there became seafarers, which eventually led to the colonization of Taiwan.
The long-term flooding of the Fuzhou Basin completely changed the topography of the region, turning what are today hilltops into solitary islands not more than a mile across. With rice paddies no longer an option, the ancient inhabitants were forced to find a new way to survive, and they made the most of their sudden influx of water. That's the idea put forward by University of Hawaii archaeologist Barry Rolett, who argues it was this shift to a nautical lifestyle that ultimately made possible the settlement of Taiwan.
Rolett says the area's inhabitants probably built outposts on the newly created islands and began working on their nautical skills. They would have started small, building canoes and bamboo rafts strictly for fishing and the gathering of other aquatic food just off shore. But over time, the maritime culture would have developed to the point that far longer journeys became possible, culminating in the 80-mile trek to Taiwan, and this might well have changed the course of human history.
Linguistic studies suggest ancient Taiwan was the jumping off point for the vast majority of cultures that now populate the Pacific, including the Polynesians whose seafaring culture extended all the way to Hawaii, New Zealand, Easter Island, and perhaps even South America. The basics of the maritime technology that made the settlement of the Pacific Ocean possible might well have originated in the flooded Fuzhou Basin thousands of years ago. | <urn:uuid:4a8894f4-932c-4b52-9b59-05970fe8b524> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://io9.gizmodo.com/how-centuries-of-flooding-turned-the-ancient-chinese-in-5788360 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141193856.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127161801-20201127191801-00520.warc.gz | en | 0.972563 | 338 | 4.03125 | 4 | 49 |
Study states almost 3 billion North American birds have vanished since 1970
Even though a species may be considered "abundant," there's definitely still cause for concern if it's becoming significantly less so. A new study indicates that this is the case with North American birds, the total number of which has reportedly declined by 29 percent since 1970.
Led by Cornell University conservation scientist Kenneth V. Rosenberg, a group of American and Canadian researchers recently examined multiple datasets from ground-based bird-monitoring stations, going back 48 years. They determined that for 529 of the most common species in both countries, a net loss of 2.9 billion birds has occurred since that time.
Over 90 percent of the loss took place within 12 bird families, which included songbird species such as warblers and sparrows. On the other hand, species such as waterfowl and raptors have actually experienced a population increase. This is likely due to conservation efforts, which the study suggests should be extended to other bird species that aren't doing so well.
Additionally, the team analyzed data from the continent-wide NEXRAD radar network, which is capable of detecting flocks of migratory birds. Based on this, it was determined that the "biomass passage of migrating birds" has undergone a similarly steep decline in the past 10 years, particularly in the eastern US.
"Species extinctions have defined the global biodiversity crisis, but extinction begins with loss in abundance of individuals that can result in compositional and functional changes of ecosystems," the researchers state. "Given the current pace of global environmental change, quantifying change in species abundances is essential."
A paper on the study was recently published in the journal Science. | <urn:uuid:ef64e148-ff2e-4d4b-97bc-8d85124faa9f> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://newatlas.com/environment/north-american-bird-abundancy/?0000016e-d4b4-d036-a77f-defe204f0000-page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141193856.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127161801-20201127191801-00520.warc.gz | en | 0.966952 | 349 | 2.78125 | 3 | 50 |
Sometimes, hoarding pays off. That’s one of the lessons in the discovery of western North America’s oldest known tattooing instrument, recently identified after spending more than 40 years in storage.
Andrew Gillreath-Brown, a Ph.D. candidate in anthropology at Washington State University, was taking a routine inventory of stowed archaeological items in July 2017 when he found the tiny tool: a 3.5-inch-long skunkbush handle with two sharp, thin cactus spines extending from the top, each dipped in black ink. Those ink stains stood out to Gillreath-Brown, himself a tattoo aficionado, and he conducted a series of experiments to confirm whether this was indeed a tattoo implement and to assess how old it was. He and his co-authors published their findings today in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.
Before Gillreath-Brown located this particular item, the oldest identified tattooing tools from the region were dated to sometime between the years 1100 and 1280, in present-day Arizona and New Mexico. So the “new” tool, which was found in 1972 in what is now southeastern Utah, pushes the archaeological record back by more than 1,000 years, and confirms that the Ancestral Pueblo people practiced tattooing during the Basketmaker II period. “Tattooing by prehistoric people in the Southwest is not talked about much because there has not ever been any direct evidence to substantiate it,” said Gillreath-Brown in a press release. That all changes now.
To confirm that the tool was, indeed, used for tattooing, Gillreath-Brown analyzed the tips using an electron microscope and techniques involving X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive ray spectroscopy. The tests indicated the likely presence of carbon, which is often seen in tattoo ink. But just to cover all his bases, Gillreath-Brown even took a replica of the instrument and used it to tattoo pig skin.
The Ancestral Pueblo people lived in areas now including parts of the Four Corners states: Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah. Their descendants live today in tribes such as the Hopi, Zuni, Acoma, and Laguna. The early periods of Pueblo history are divided into different “Basketmaker” eras because archaeologists commonly uncover impressive baskets and other woven items at Pueblo sites. Gillreath-Brown says he is hopeful that the finding could have broader implications for future sociological studies of the ancient Pueblo people, who may have used tattoos to differentiate between tribes as humans became more sedentary and different tribes began living among one another. | <urn:uuid:ffd2474f-c7e4-4fba-aef5-a38187a976a7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/found-the-oldest-tattoo-needles-in-western-north-america | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141193856.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127161801-20201127191801-00520.warc.gz | en | 0.961266 | 548 | 3.5 | 4 | 51 |
"Martin Luther King Drives, Boulevards, and Avenues are important centers of African American identity, activity, and community—constituting what journalist Jonathan Tilove has called 'Black America's Main Street.'"
Traditionally, public commemoration in the South has been devoted largely to remembering the region’s role in the Civil War and the mythic Old South plantation culture supposedly lost as a result of that conflict. These memories remain deeply ingrained in the southern landscape of monuments, museums, historical markers, and place names. Yet, African Americans who seek to make their own claim to the South and its history increasingly challenge Civil War-centered conceptions of the past. Perhaps the best known of these struggles involve ongoing calls to remove public symbols of the Confederacy. At the same time, African American southerners are using direct political action to build memorials that recognize their own historical experiences, struggles, and achievements. A major pillar in this trend is the commemoration of another, quite different revolution from that of the Civil War—the Civil Rights Movement. | <urn:uuid:781b8d4e-cc8b-4631-881f-34916e31b383> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.southerncultures.org/article/martin-luther-king-jr-streets-in-the-south-a-new-landscape-of-memory/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141193856.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127161801-20201127191801-00520.warc.gz | en | 0.943822 | 214 | 3.71875 | 4 | 52 |
When God created man He granted him the ability to freely choose between good and evil, truth and falsehood, right and wrong. In this class, we will discuss the most basic corollary of free will: taking responsibility. Taking responsibility extends beyond ourselves to incorporate our families, our nation, humanity, and the entire universe, applying to both the physical and spiritual realms. Accountability for our decisions is the natural outgrowth of taking responsibility. The system of reward and punishment serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of the responsibility we have to use our free will in the correct way. | <urn:uuid:2d3df108-18a4-4899-ad6f-e0f5a221c800> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://nleresources.com/olami-morasha-syllabus/core-beliefs/taking-responsibility-sechar-vonesh/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195967.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20201129004335-20201129034335-00600.warc.gz | en | 0.953616 | 116 | 2.9375 | 3 | 53 |
We went over problems involving electric forces.
For one the horizontal components of the forces canceled out, using that information, we could calculate the sum of the vertical forces and figure out the charges by using Coulomb’s Law.
You can either use trig functions or the Pythagorean Theorem, or a combination, for some of these problems.
Labeling things with subscripts becomes more important once the problems get more complicated.
One problem involved early kinematic equations.
To figure out the units for something, like electric field, you can use the simplest equation you know for that thing and go from there. | <urn:uuid:d61d7440-2d78-48c0-af59-e0a604740a3e> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://nealien.com/tutoring-physics-2-focusing-on-components/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195967.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20201129004335-20201129034335-00600.warc.gz | en | 0.91144 | 128 | 3.640625 | 4 | 54 |
Thin-film based optical analogue of a phenomenon in special relativity known as the Thomas Effect
We present a low-cost, simple design, thin-film-based Michelson-Gires-Tournois Interferometer (MGTI) as an optical analogue to the special relativity phenomenon known as Thomas effect. The MGTI is a typical Michelson Interferometer (MI) where one of the reflecting mirrors is replaced by Gires-Tournois Resonator (GTR). On the other hand, the Thomas Effect is a perceived rotation of the coordinate axis as observed at the initial reference frame when two relativistic non-collinear velocities are added. Formalizing the "Thomas effect-MGTI analogy" requires two steps. First, we establish a partial mathematical link between the Thomas effect and the phase response of the GTR. We then complete it by converting the phase response of the GTR to intensity using the unbalanced MGTI. Evaluating the analogue via simulation shows that the extracted phase response from MGTI captures the essential characteristics of the Thomas effect, confirming its viability as an optical analogue. | <urn:uuid:ae803476-5c63-4342-89f9-cc74575031c3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://proceedings.spp-online.org/article/view/SPP-2019-2C-05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195967.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20201129004335-20201129034335-00600.warc.gz | en | 0.908482 | 234 | 2.6875 | 3 | 55 |
Field Testing Experience
During my recent field-testing in Kindergarten, students worked with different pictures of teddy bear counters and with five frames. I would give the students a picture and they would build the picture in their five frame, then fill in their sentence frames and read them.
They did a great job! They were combining reading and math, while supporting their conceptual development of decomposing numbers. But it got me thinking, where does this lead? Sure it supports their number sense right now, but does it do more?
Here is a video explaining how decomposing numbers fits into the bigger picture of math.
So, decomposing numbers in Kindergarten builds a foundation for understanding number grouping. This carries over into understanding numbers as well as understanding our place value system. So many students see a number for simply the name it holds, like seven. But it is so much more! Truly understanding the number seven, or any number, and flexibly thinking about how to decompose it, will build a foundation for students to know how to decompose numbers in our place value system and bring meaning to the operations we require them to learn.
Here are two ways students could decompose numbers.
Shoestrings and beads
I will be blogging about some more ideas and thoughts about how decomposing numbers are linked to math concepts. You can view the next post here. | <urn:uuid:9b2c3599-77cb-463b-a049-2cfd13b23433> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.aimsedu.org/2013/03/21/decomposing-numbers-with-kindergarteners/?replytocom=245 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195967.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20201129004335-20201129034335-00600.warc.gz | en | 0.952201 | 281 | 3.109375 | 3 | 56 |
A new species of a bird-like dinosaur that lived 99 million years ago has been identified from a fossilized skull trapped in a block of amber, a study said.
Even tinier than a hummingbird, it's among the smallest dinosaurs from the Mesozoic Era yet found. It's also one of the most ancient birds ever reported.
"When I first saw it, I was blown away," Jingmai O'Connor, a paleontologist from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and lead author of the study, told AFP.
“Amber preservation of vertebrates is rare, and this provides us a window into the world of dinosaurs at the lowest end of the body-size spectrum," said study co-author Lars Schmitz, a biologist at the W.M. Keck Science Department in California, in a statement.
The skull specimen, which was discovered in a mine in northern Myanmar, is only about 1/2 inch in length. The entire bird weighed less than a tenth of an ounce, scientists estimate.
The animal was given the scientific name Oculudentavis khaungraae. Oculudentavis means “eye tooth bird,” reflecting notable features that give hints into how the animal lived.
The creature's skull is dominated by a large eye socket that's similar to a modern lizard’s eye. The eye socket has a narrow opening and only lets in a small amount of light, which means that Oculudentavis was suited to being active in daylight conditions.
Its upper and lower jaws contain a large number of sharp teeth and the study authors estimate each jaw would have had 29 to 30 teeth in total.
Despite its small size, this finding suggests Oculudentavis was a predator and likely ate small arthropods or invertebrates, unlike similar-size modern birds, which have no teeth and feed on nectar.
“This is truly one of the rarest and most spectacular of finds!” The University of Central Florida paleontologist Ryan Carney, who wasn’t involved with the study, told National Geographic. “Like capturing Cretaceous lightning in a bottle, this amber preserves an unprecedented snapshot of a miniature dinosaur skull with exciting new features.”
The researchers concluded that the specimen's tiny size and unusual form suggests a never-before-seen combination of features.
"This discovery shows us that we have only a small glimpse of what tiny vertebrates looked like in the age of the dinosaurs," Schmitz said.
The study was published in the peer-reviewed British journal Nature. | <urn:uuid:dabf16ce-6a65-4858-9c39-da450dd46e3b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.capecodtimes.com/zz/news/20200312/new-species-of-tiny-bird-dinosaur-discovered-trapped-in-99-million-year-old-amber | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195967.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20201129004335-20201129034335-00600.warc.gz | en | 0.958183 | 535 | 3.9375 | 4 | 57 |
A while back, Robert Kosara and Caroline Ziemkiewicz shared their work on Parallel Sets, a way to visually explore categorical data. Software developer, Jason Davies, just ported the technique to Data-Driven Documents (D3). The interactions for sorting and rearranging are similar to the Kosara and Ziemkiewicz version, but the D3 version of course runs in the browser and has some nifty transitions. Try toggling the show curves box and the icicle plot one.
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The Most Gender-Switched Names in US History
We use some names mostly for boys and some mostly for girls, but then there is a small percentage that, over time, switched from one gender to another. Which names made the biggest switch?
Shifted Social Media Usage, Among Teens
Facebook took the biggest hit in the past three years. Snapchat and Instagram got more likes. | <urn:uuid:d9257e2f-4b51-415d-8021-d09ec65fb10b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://flowingdata.com/2012/05/03/parallel-sets-for-categorical-data-d3-port/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141213431.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130100208-20201130130208-00680.warc.gz | en | 0.916827 | 191 | 2.515625 | 3 | 58 |
NASA astronaut Douglas Wheelock, who was aboard the International Space Station in November 2010, reflected on a photograph taken from the station of the Bahamas, “Of all the places on our beautiful planet few can rival the beauty and richness of colors in the Bahamas.” The clear, turquoise waters that surround and flow between this group of about 700 atolls and cays, making up the Bahamian islands, are indeed a diver’s paradise.
The shallow waters surrounding New Providence hold gardens of coral heads, which are scattered across the sandy bottom, creating individual ecosystems. These hubs of activity are perfect spots for all water enthusiasts. From boaters and fishermen to snorkelers and scuba divers, the Great Bahama Bank has been a long-time resource for both locals and tourists alike.
School House Reef
This spot is just one example of what shallowreef diving in the Bahamas is all about. The large cluster of coral heads, sponges and extensive rocky outcrop is an ideal spot for photo enthusiasts, students, non-certified divers and those who enjoy really examining all parts of a reef, especially for those elusive critters that are easy to miss such as blennies and gobies. Found in only 20 feet (6 m) of water, Schoolhouse Reef on a still and warm summer’s day truly illustrates the magic of the Bahamian ocean. | <urn:uuid:b009b570-ee07-4239-9601-4711b3130fea> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://scubadiverlife.com/dive-site-school-house-reef-nassau-bahamas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141213431.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130100208-20201130130208-00680.warc.gz | en | 0.928733 | 287 | 2.515625 | 3 | 59 |
The universe works in mysterious ways; something that the latest NASA discovery attests to. Astronomers at the space agency have spotted strange patterns of what seem to be dark dunes on the Martian surface. Interestingly, these patterns bear uncanny resemblance to the dots and dashes of Morse code.
Although not the first time that such patterns have been captured in photo, the unique topography of this particular Martian dune field has allowed researchers to interpret the message for the first time. Located south of the Red Planet’s north pole, the dunes are believed to have been naturally formed. Sorry, if you were hoping for some kind of extraterrestrial involvement.
These dunes show the bizarre patterns in striking detail, which could be because they were formed inside a naturally-occurring depression with limited amount of loose sand. As the scientists point out, the dots and dashes were likely the result of strong winds blowing over the Martian surface. The dashes, for instance, were created by bi-directional winds travelling at nearly right angles to the dark dunes.
The dots, according to the researchers, are known as “barchanoid dunes”. These structures are quite mysterious, with the scientific world still unsure as how they are actually formed. Some geophysicists are of the opinion that the Martian dots are produced when something comes in the way of the winds forming linear dunes. NASA, however, is not convinced.
As the team points out, the images were captured in February of this year by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera, situated onboard the space agency’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. For those wondering what the message actually says, Veronica Bray, a planetary scientist at NASA, successfully translated the Morse code:
NEE NED ZB 6TNN DEIBEDH SIEFI EBEEE SSIEI ESEE SEEE !! | <urn:uuid:4f67e0d7-ba8c-4ccb-b1f5-09801d61f414> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.hexapolis.com/2016/07/11/martian-sand-dunes-carry-bizarre-morse-code-message/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141213431.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130100208-20201130130208-00680.warc.gz | en | 0.943067 | 389 | 3.828125 | 4 | 60 |
In what may prove to be a significant boon for industry, separating mixtures of liquids or gasses has just become considerably easier.
Using a new process they describe as “reverse fossilization,” scientists at Kyoto University‘s WPI Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) have succeeded in creating custom designed porous substances capable of low cost, high efficiency separation.
The process takes place in the mesoscopic realm, between the nano- and the macroscopic, beginning with the creation of a shaped mineral template, in this case using alumina, or aluminum oxide. This is then transformed into an equivalently shaped lattice consisting entirely of porous coordination polymer (PCP) crystals, which are themselves hybrid assemblies of organic and mineral elements.
“After creating the alumina lattice,” explains team leader Assoc. Prof. Shuhei Furukawa, “we transformed it, molecule for molecule, from a metal structure into a largely non-metallic one. Hence the term ‘reverse fossilization,’ taking something inorganic and making it organic, all while preserving its shape and form.”
After succeeding in creating both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional test architectures using this technique, the researchers proceeded to replicate an alumina aerogel with a highly open, sponge-like macro-structure, in order to test its utility in separating water and ethanol.
via Science Daily
The Latest Streaming News: Gas and Liquid Separation updated minute-by-minute | <urn:uuid:e3553b95-25b4-40bc-ab7f-d3e119ffd270> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.innovationtoronto.com/2012/06/faster-cheaper-gas-and-liquid-separation-using-custom-designed-and-built-mesoscopic-structures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141213431.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130100208-20201130130208-00680.warc.gz | en | 0.883125 | 313 | 3.078125 | 3 | 61 |
The short trip to Mons Porphyrites is a popular excursion from Hurghada.
Egypt’s rare porphyry was highly valued by the ancient Romans, and these former Roman quarries were mined for their precious purple and white crystalline stone, used to decorate columns, sarcophagi and temples.
This former quarry town was once a thriving settlement of houses, temples and workshops. Today, you can still see relics of this activity, which involved not only quarrying the semiprecious stone but also dragging it for miles across the remote desert sands to the Nile, from where it was shipped to Rome.
Nearby Mons Claudianus supplied the Romans with rare black granite, which was used to carve the pillars of Rome’s Pantheon. | <urn:uuid:ca8c0b78-3377-4f9a-a9f6-fbd1ba8e4b4d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://25602.partner.viator.com/Hurghada-attractions/Mons-Porphyrites/d800-a1838 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141685797.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201231155-20201202021155-00040.warc.gz | en | 0.968831 | 158 | 2.609375 | 3 | 62 |
Many people mistake knowledge for wisdom because they are intimately related, and this is unfortunate because they are quite different in an important way. Knowledge is the accumulation of facts and information. Wisdom is the synthesis of knowledge and experiences into insights that deepen one’s understanding of relationships and the meaning of life. In other words, knowledge is a tool, and wisdom is the craft in which the tool is used.
If one understands this difference, he or she will also appreciate why it is vital to properly distinguish between the two. With the Internet, it is now relatively easy for a reasonably diligent person to quickly become knowledgeable in virtually any field of his or her choosing. We are literally awash in a sea of information! But having a hammer and knowing how to use it are two entirely different propositions. A hammer is amoral. Whether it is used for good or ill depends entirely on the wielder. Sadly, history is a lengthy record of the harms wrought by knowledgeable, well-meaning people who lacked wisdom.
In contrast to knowledge, wisdom is generally considered to be morally good. Why is this the case? Albert Einstein once said, ‘Wisdom is not a product of schooling but of the lifelong attempt to acquire it.’ Such a process is lengthy and arduous, which teaches the pursuer patience and humility. Seldom is a person unchanged by such a trial. When one finally uncovers a connection or insight that he or she believes to be universally applicable ‘truth,’ it often inspires awe akin to a spiritual experience.
‘Knowledge comes, but wisdom lingers,’ wrote Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Truths stay with a person for the rest of his or her life, coloring all subsequent thoughts and actions. Wisdom requires no law or threat of punishment to ensure compliance. The practitioner typically feels a strong compulsion to obey his or her own beliefs. The wise can still fall prey to indiscretions and questionable moral behavior–being flesh and blood like us all–however, if one tracks such statistics, the odds of such failings are likely to be very small compared to the general populace.
Society esteems the wise for their virtuosity and for their rarity. Subject matter experts number in the thousands, but the wise may only number in the tens or hundreds. And history records their names and achievements for posterity’s sake. | <urn:uuid:f76bf65c-9b14-4ca9-ad01-df6463fb17d1> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://philoscifi.com/2010/09/26/knowledge-vs-wisdom/?replytocom=208 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141685797.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201231155-20201202021155-00040.warc.gz | en | 0.961647 | 485 | 2.9375 | 3 | 63 |
In collaboration with The Ohio State University, Ford is researching the potential of extracting a milky, white substance from dandelion roots to produce eco-friendly rubber. Ford says the rubber could be used as a plastics enhancer in interior components like cup holders, floor mats and other trim pieces.
Ford research engineer, Angela Harris, said the manufacturer was committed to finding new sustainable production methods and lowering its carbon footprint.
“Synthetic rubber is not a sustainable resource, so we want to minimise its use in our vehicles when possible,” Ms Harris said.“Dandelions have the potential to serve as a great natural alternative to synthetic rubber in our products.”
The particular species under investigation is the Russian Dandelion. A test sample is currently being grown at the university’s Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Centre.
Before the weed-derived rubber can be used in production vehicles, Ford will assess the quality of the material and its durability, and look at how it performs in a range of different plastics.
Ford already incorporates a range of renewable and recycled materials into its vehicles, including soy products for seat cushions, post-industrial yarn for fabrics and old blue jeans for interior padding.
At the other end of the vehicle lifecycle, around 85 percent of the materials currently used on Ford vehicles are recyclable. | <urn:uuid:1fb23b2c-526e-437a-9006-a9d2aefd82f4> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.caradvice.com.au/118392/ford-investigating-dandelions-for-sustainable-rubber-source/photos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141685797.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201231155-20201202021155-00040.warc.gz | en | 0.928449 | 277 | 3.109375 | 3 | 64 |
Operating ratios compare the operating expenses and assets of a business to several other performance benchmarks. The intent is to determine whether the amount of operating expenses incurred or assets used is reasonable. If not, management can take steps to prune back on certain expenses or assets. The exact specifications of these ratios will vary, depending on the line items used in a company’s financial statements.
Operating Ratio is a ratio that shows the efficiency of a company’s management by comparing operating expense to net sales. Calculated as:
Examples of the more common operating ratios are:
- Operating assets ratio. Compares the assets used to generate revenues to total non-cash assets. The intent is to eliminate those assets not contributing to operational performance, which reduces the total asset base of a business.
- Operating expenses to sales. Compares the amount of operating expenses incurred to a given sales level. The result is usually tracked on a trend line, to see if the proportion is changing over time. The analysis does not always work, since many operating expenses are fixed, and so do not vary directly with sales.
- Net profit percentage. Compares after-tax profits to sales. This is an indirect measure of operating expenses, since the percentage also includes the cost of goods sold, financing costs, and income taxes.
- Sales per employee. Compares full-time equivalent headcount to sales. This is used in environments where employees are deeply involved in sales, so there is a direct relationship between headcount and sales. The ratio is included here, because the cost of compensation can comprise a large part of total operating expenses.
All of these ratios use aggregated operating expenses, and so do not provide any insights into trends in specific expenses. Consequently, it is necessary to drill down well below the level of each ratio to determine the nature of a problem, and how to correct it. | <urn:uuid:6ca8d89a-a9ba-411c-8574-b1cb1ca1ec43> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.qsstudy.com/accounting/what-are-operating-ratios | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141685797.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201231155-20201202021155-00040.warc.gz | en | 0.933414 | 383 | 3.375 | 3 | 65 |
This essay asks how several major figures of Renaissance and early-modern philosophy saw the Earth as agential. It argues that the Earth’s agency served as a well-articulated and fundamental concept in their philosophies. That is, figures like Giordano Bruno and Johannes Kepler conceived of the Earth’s agency such that it solved key problems in their cosmological systems. The essay is inspired by Bruno Latour’s ecological thought, even as it acts as a corrective to certain of his assertions about early modernity. The essay concludes with some practical lessons that might be taken from early modernity. | <urn:uuid:073f5979-aaf3-4c0e-882f-73040905549b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://meridian.allenpress.com/esh/article-abstract/39/2/409/447600/SCENES-WITH-THE-EARTH-AS-ACTOR-AGENCY-AND-THE?redirectedFrom=fulltext | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141727627.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20201203094119-20201203124119-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.966949 | 125 | 3.09375 | 3 | 66 |
How long will we live? The answer isn’t in a crystal ball. But it might be in our brains.
Northeastern biology professor Javier Apfeld can extend the lifespan of a worm by manipulating how its brain processes information. Now he wants to know why in the hopes that maybe worms can teach us something about our own mortality. | <urn:uuid:59e8ff59-1e49-4865-a94a-f70931715cf8> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://news.northeastern.edu/tag/mechanisms-of-aging/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141727627.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20201203094119-20201203124119-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.93165 | 70 | 2.515625 | 3 | 67 |
NASA released an impressive inventory of 219 recently discovered "planet candidates," 10 of which are close to the size of Earth and could conceivably host intelligent alien life.
Objects of interest identified by NASA's Kepler space telescope are eventually called "planet candidates" after further vetting. Some candidates can end up being false positives later on, meaning that they're not new planets, after all. But even if that happens, Kepler's catalogue gives us some interesting insight, particularly on "exoplanets" (planets that exist beyond our solar system).
"We're going to determine how common other planets are. Are there other places we could live in the galaxy that we don't yet call home?" Susan Thompson, a Kepler research scientist at the SETI research, said at a press conference on Monday.
Many of the possible planets Kepler has collected have already been filed into two noticeably different groups: gaseous planets that are generally smaller than Neptune, and rocky planets around the size of Earth.
“We like to think of this study as classifying planets in the same way that biologists identify new species of animals,” Benjamin Fulton, a doctoral candidate at the University of Hawaii in Manoa, said in a NASA release. "Finding two distinct groups of exoplanets is like discovering mammals and lizards make up distinct branches of a family tree."
The 10 new Earth-like planet candidates bring the total list to 49, Business Insider reported, and they could conceivably support alien life so long as they have a "stable atmosphere."
Of course, there's a slightly less exciting alternative to consider, too. These potential new planets — and their speculated extraterrestrial citizens — could just end up being false positives. | <urn:uuid:4342b0ff-1430-476e-bba3-816a7ed0df64> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.mic.com/articles/180388/a-nasa-telescope-just-spotted-219-possible-planets-including-10-that-could-support-life | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141727627.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20201203094119-20201203124119-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.948743 | 348 | 3.359375 | 3 | 68 |
The history of the human race is always moving forward. Sometimes, though, conflict gets in the way of things, and things stall a bit. This is what happens when countries encounter battles, and nations encounter wars.
Why do such battles and wars happen? If we look at the earliest recorded history, we can see several obvious reasons for such moves: expansion being one. Smaller nations that are already affluent find themselves embarking on expeditions that aim to claim uncharted territories in unknown places. Whenever they encounter resistance from indigenous peoples occupying the land, though, this is where expansion turns into invasions, thereby forming small battles and even large-scale wars.
Many major battles throughout history have also been turning points in human development as well. And whether we like it or not, these events actually still influence and even continue to shape humankind in the present time and day.
So, do you think you can identify some of these battles, or even some of the crucial details and information involving famous battles of history? Open this quiz and take a look! | <urn:uuid:80e9bde4-ef9c-4e5b-a058-463e8c7a1669> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://play.howstuffworks.com/quiz/the-major-battles-throughout-history-quiz?scroll_question=true&rmalg=es&remorapos=9&remorasrc=3188780676b2432dbec9f230c8ee30e9&remoraregion=bottom | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141743438.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204193220-20201204223220-00200.warc.gz | en | 0.952412 | 213 | 3.296875 | 3 | 69 |
China has formed an innovation alliance to foster the research and application of extracting uranium from seawater, according to China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC). The alliance involves around 20 research institutions and universities. Uranium has been extracted in small quantities from the ocean. However, the cost is about $400-600 per kilogram. This is about 7 to ten times more than the $60 per kilogram price of uranium from regular mines. The alliance will focus on setting up standards for the technology and products used in the extraction process. It will help accelerate the development of core technologies and new products, as well as create research platforms and a test base for uranium extraction from seawater to overcome hurdles in practical application.
It is estimated that about 4.5 billion tonnes of uranium is reserved in seawater, about 1,000 times of the land proven reserves, but the concentration of uranium in seawater is extremely low, making it a huge challenge to develop cost-effective seawater uranium extraction technology.
The USA, Japan and China have all researched and experimented with extracting uranium from seawater.
In March 2019, US scientists have demonstrated a new bio-inspired material for an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to recovering uranium from seawater. A research team from the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of South Florida developed a material that selectively binds dissolved uranium with a low-cost polymer adsorbent. The results, published in Nature Communications, could help push past bottlenecks in the cost and efficiency of extracting uranium resources from oceans for sustainable energy production.
To work as a scaled-up concept, ideally, unwanted elements would not be adsorbed or could easily be stripped during processing and the material reused for several cycles to maximize the amount of uranium collected,” said Popovs.
Unlike vanadium-laden materials, the H2BHT polymer can be processed using mild basic solutions and recycled for extended reuse. The eco-friendly features also bring significant cost advantages to potential real-world applications.
The next step, say researchers, is to refine the approach for greater efficiency and commercial-scale opportunities. The journal article is published as “Siderophore-Inspired Chelator Hijacks Uranium from Aqueous Medium.” | <urn:uuid:4e659b25-05e4-4886-934c-00dbe3093f03> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.planettechnews.com/china-makes-innovation-alliance-to-accelerate-extracting-uranium-from-seawater/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141743438.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204193220-20201204223220-00200.warc.gz | en | 0.924328 | 478 | 3.40625 | 3 | 70 |
Colours are for everyone in this lively, feel-good story that challenges gender norms. Bronte is a little girl who is expected to like pink. But that won't always do, as Bronte eloquently expresses in Rainbow is My Favourite Colour. She loves the green of grassy hills, the blue of her favourite boots and the purple of plums – in fact, she loves all the colours of the rainbow! Rainbow is My Favourite Colour is an irresistible rhyming story that will charm all young colour enthusiasts (and those who enjoy smashing gender stereotypes!). | <urn:uuid:8168d1a6-b5f3-4740-87cb-1ccbdbc804ce> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://constantreader.com.au/p/australian-picture-books-rainbow-is-my-favourite-colour | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141168074.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123211528-20201124001528-00560.warc.gz | en | 0.942998 | 116 | 2.53125 | 3 | 71 |
This practice originated in India, where they have been practicing it for centuries as part of their purification rituals (Jala Neti) utilizing a pot similar to a teapot called Neti pot. In the West, nasal irrigation with a syringe or bulb is a traditional home-based remedy against excessive nasal congestion.
Different studies in the past few years have demonstrated that irrigation of the nose once or twice a day with a saline solution diminishes nasal obstruction and is particularly efficient for rhinitis or sinusitis patients.
The irrigation liquid cleans the nasal channels due to its drag effect, removing accumulated secretions, pus, allergens and other contaminants deposited in the nasal mucosa during breathing. This cleansing considerably reduces nasal congestion and has an anti-inflammatory effect on the mucosa. | <urn:uuid:13374dd0-c912-48c7-8a7e-b72ccce9b6a4> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.inmunotek.com/en/nasal-irrigation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141168074.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123211528-20201124001528-00560.warc.gz | en | 0.937264 | 160 | 2.859375 | 3 | 72 |
A waxy substance found in apple peels may promote muscle growth and the prevent muscle wasting that is a hallmark of aging, fasting or illness, a new study in mice suggests.
Mice given the compound, called ursolic acid, became leaner and had lower blood levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. The findings therefore suggest that ursolic acid may be responsible for some of the overall benefits of healthy eating, the study said.
Further, the results suggest the compound is a promising drug candidate to treat muscle wasting, the researchers said. Currently, there are no drugs for the condition.
More studies need to be done to determine whether the findings translate to humans. In addition, the researchers aren't sure whether ursolic acid consumed through the diet may be enough to have the effects seen in the study.
Muscle wasting, or atrophy, is loss of muscle tissue. Such atrophy can result from a lack of physical exercise (for example, when someone is bedridden due to illness). Certain diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which affect the nerves that control muscle, can also cause muscle atrophy.
"Muscle wasting is a frequent companion of illness and aging," said study researcher Dr. Christopher Adams, an endocrinologist at the University of Iowa. "It prolongs hospitalization, delays recoveries and in some cases, prevents people from going back home," Adams said.
Adams and his colleagues examined which genes in muscle cells were turned on and off as a result of the fasting, and identified ursolic acid as a compound that would counteract these genetic changes.
They also fed ursolic acid to mice that were fasting and found the compound protected against muscle weakening. In healthy mice, it promoted muscle growth.
The researchers hope to test the compound in trials with people.
The study was funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs, the American Diabetes Association and the University of Iowa Research Foundation, among others.
The findings are published in the June issue of the journal Cell Metabolism.
Pass it on: A substance in apple peels may protect against muscle wasting. | <urn:uuid:f20c5439-063a-4909-9897-c64b42c0a827> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.livescience.com/14489-apple-peels-muscles-appealing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141168074.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20201123211528-20201124001528-00560.warc.gz | en | 0.96932 | 436 | 2.953125 | 3 | 73 |
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Severe storms—known as hurricanes or Nor'easters—bring high winds and flooding. Winds combine with tides to cause storm surge, a huge wave that can push water miles inland. The storms also bring heavy precipitation that comes in bands. The bands can extend for hundreds of miles inland, causing widespread flooding. Slow-moving storms, such as Hurricane Irene in 2011, can travel into mountainous regions and produce especially heavy rain and significant flooding.
With a combination of soaking rain, flying debris, high winds, and tidal surges, hurricanes and tropical storms can pack a powerful punch. Besides causing extensive damage in coastal areas, hurricanes and tropical storms often bring flooding hundreds of miles inland, placing communities that normally would not be affected by the strongest hurricane winds in great danger. Just a few inches of water from a flood can cause tens of thousands of dollars in damage.
Everyone needs to be financially protected from the dangers of hurricanes. Because most policies take 30 days to go into effect, the time to act is now. | <urn:uuid:378e505e-85b4-4758-b5b2-0d4a77204643> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.newmassfloodprogram.com/cape-cod-home-insurance/severe-storms-noreasters | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141181179.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125041943-20201125071943-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.941401 | 261 | 2.53125 | 3 | 74 |
Historically, a diverse community of small mammals occurred within Iowa, most of which were associated with the abundant prairies. It is important to examine the impact of ever-decreasing native prairie in Iowa on small mammal communities. We examined the relationship between habitat and small mammal communities at Whitewater Canyon Wildlife Area (WCWA), a park at the border of Dubuque, Jackson, and Jones Counties in Iowa. The park totals 419 acres and consists of four different types habitat; native prairie, restored prairie, woodland, and cornfield. The park is surrounded on all sides by corn or soybean fields. Small mammals were trapped every other week on five transects using live-traps baited with peanut butter. Strategically placed pitfall traps supplemented the basic trapping protocol. A total of seven species were captured: white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), western jumping mice (Zapus hudsonicus), meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus), eastern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), and masked shrew (Sorex cinereus). Additionally, 13-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecimlineatus), though never captured in a trap, were regularly spotted on the property; their locations were noted. The presence of eastern moles (Scalopus aquaticus) also was noted wherever encountered. Species richness and species diversity were determined for each transect. Small mammal communities differed for all transects, likely reflecting different habitat preferences for each species. It appears that overall species diversity for the park is enhanced by the maintenance of multiple habitat types.
Copyright © 2020,
Designed by Zymphonies | <urn:uuid:8b5b7c8d-17dd-4fdb-a672-279c54fe419d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://digitalud.dbq.edu/?q=islandora/search/%20&type=dismax&islandora_solr_search_navigation=0&f%5B0%5D=dc.creator_ss%3A%22Kieffer%2C%5C%20Lea%5C%20M.%22&f%5B1%5D=-dc.title_ss%3A%22Assessing%5C%20the%5C%20Genetic%5C%20Diversity%5C%20of%5C%20Rediscovered%5C%20Aegla%5C%20of%5C%20Paraguay%5C%20using%5C%20RAPD%5C%20analysis.%22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141181179.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125041943-20201125071943-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.944328 | 380 | 3.1875 | 3 | 75 |
Cystic fibrosis (CF) causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body. The disease is inherited when both parents carry the recessive gene.
A defective gene makes mucus, sweat and digestive juices thick and sticky instead of thin and slippery; tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas become blocked.
The gut microbiota in CF are disrupted by frequent antibiotics as well as the genetic mutation which results in transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. To explore that premise, researchers in Ireland recently looked at the effect of CF on the microbiome. “The altered gut microbiota in adults with cystic fibrosis” appears in BMC Microbiology online in March 2017.
Their study utilized participants from Cork Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Cork University Hospital. The gut microbiota of 43 people with CF compared to 69 without CF was assessed by 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The impact of clinical parameters, including antibiotic therapy, on the results was evaluated.
CF compared to non-CF controls:
- reduced microbial diversity
- increased Firmicutes
- reduced Bacteroidetes
- CF individuals presenting with severe lung dysfunction had reduced gut microbiota diversity relative to those presenting with mild or moderate dysfunction.
- There was no significant difference in the gut microbiota diversity or bacterial populations in people with CF receiving proton pump inhibitors (PPI) therapy, compared to those not receiving PPIs.
- No significant differences occurred between those carrying C. difficile and those without C. difficile.
Good news. Some studies show probiotic use in CF results in decreased pulmonary exacerbations, reduced hospital admissions and benefits in the gut microbiota. Indeed, a recent review of the literature concluded that “probiotics may improve respiratory and gastrointestinal outcomes in a stable CF clinic population with no reported evidence of harm.”
Unfortunately, due to sparse evidence, many questions arise when deciding strain, species or dose.
Yet that lack shouldn’t prevent people with CF from maintaining or restoring a healthy microbiota in CF. Cultured and fermented foods along with prebiotics (lots of fruits and vegetables) offer safe dabbling while supplement specifics evolve. Dietary advice in CF should move beyond the “any calorie is welcome” to making “every calorie contribute to health.” | <urn:uuid:6331360a-322d-4cae-ab2c-8d0379754863> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://internationalprobiotics.org/altered-microbiome-cystic-fibrosis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141181179.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125041943-20201125071943-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.918553 | 489 | 3.25 | 3 | 76 |
Inventor of KLENS
Ahmad is an Honorary Researcher at Imperial College London, Leading the R&D effort on the self-cleaning laparoscopic technology invention. The invention is called (KLENS, pronounced ‘cleanse’) and is a surgical optics enhancement technology that automates the cleaning process of the lens of the laparoscope.
Surgeons won’t need to pull the scope out of the abdominal cavity or halt the surgery to clean the lens manually. According to their lab tests, the device could clean the camera in 0.4 to 0.8 seconds. Ahmad was able to design a concept that could be used as an inexpensive add-on. It is comprised of a sheath that has inner tubes and chambers that would automatically deliver carefully calculated bursts of fluid along the shaft of the scope directly onto the lens. Then, any residual droplets would be automatically removed off the surface of the lens. Simultaneously, the temperature of the liquid is tightly controlled throughout these miniature tubes to ensure optimal clarity regardless of the cause of camera lens occlusion; fog, fat, debris, or blood. The second biggest challenge is making sure the device does not significantly increase the diameter of the laparoscope’s shaft, which would ultimately require the surgeon to make a bigger incision, and that is undesirable. This is is why Ahmad says he is "developing the most crucial part of his innovation within a surface area of approximately 1mm squared."
His innovation could potentially enhance 15 million surgeries every year, making them significantly safer, shorter, and less expensive. | <urn:uuid:734965ac-fade-4371-a698-4ca42263903c> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://iu35.technologyreview.ae/winner/ahmad-nabeel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141181179.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125041943-20201125071943-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.960052 | 328 | 3.375 | 3 | 77 |
By Stanley Nelson
FREEDOM RIDERS is the powerful harrowing and ultimately inspirational story of six months in 1961 that changed America forever. From May until November 1961, more than 400 black and white Americans risked their lives - and many endured savage beatings and imprisonment - for simply traveling together on buses and trains as they journeyed through the Deep South. Deliberately violating Jim Crow laws in order to test and challenge a segregated interstate travel system, the Freedom Riders met with bitter racism and mob violence along the way, sorely testing their belief in nonviolent activism.
From award-winning filmmaker Stanley Nelson (THE MURDER OF EMMETT TILL), the film features testimony from a fascinating cast of central characters: the Riders themselves, state and federal government officials, and journalists who witnessed the Rides firsthand. The documentary is based on Raymond Arsenault's book Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice. | <urn:uuid:c43b5325-3d39-4f8c-a87b-ca031fd2e682> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://worldchannel.org/episode/american-experience-freedom-riders/?asset_slug=american-experience-leroy-ford-student-freedom-rider | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141181179.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20201125041943-20201125071943-00640.warc.gz | en | 0.937022 | 187 | 2.765625 | 3 | 78 |
Dr Zimmer and collaborators from the Office of Environment and Heritage and the Royal Botanic Gardens are in a race against time to protect the famous Wollemi Pine from extinction.
Less 100 plants were discovered as part of the original Blue Mountain population in 1994, Dr Zimmer is working to safeguard this critically endangered species, by investigating the conditions required to establish much-needed insurance populations.
Already, Zimmer’s experiments indicate that the light levels within the wild population may be far below optimal for seedling growth. This unexpected twist opens up the possibility that future colonies could be established in very different environments to the original population.
But this is just one of the many interesting projects Dr Zimmer is involved in.
“I just work on rare plants, where they live and what they need,” she explained. This entails anything from filling out extinction risk assessments, to marching into the wild to investigate a possible sighting of a rare plant.
Dr Zimmer puts her passion for conservation down to her upbringing growing up in a town known for environmental issues that led her to study conservation and development, “so that I could be one of those people that come back and know everything, and solve all the problems.”
Whilst she admits that it turned out to be a little bit more complicated than that, she cherishes the ability to inform decision making with science.
“There is something really good about working at the interface of science and management, in that you can actually make a difference on the ground,” she said.
However, ultimately Dr Zimmer’s favourite thing about working with the Office of Environment and Heritage is the people, who she described as “interesting and intelligent, and passionate about what they are working on.”
Dr Zimmer does not believe she has been disadvantaged by being a woman in the workplace. However, Zimmer acknowledges that biases often enter the workplace as women enter their late 30’s, due to increased family commitments. To this potential challenge she boldly declares, “I am ready!”
Dr Zimmer’s sage words of advice for aspiring female scientists. “Women can underestimate their abilities where men overestimate theirs. Don’t be intimidated.” | <urn:uuid:a7ad2be2-e240-4d5c-b95c-36c4aa402ffc> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/news/inspiring-stories-from-our-women-in-science | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141188800.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126142720-20201126172720-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.964577 | 453 | 2.65625 | 3 | 79 |
Assessing the prospects for Zero Hunger—Sustainable Development Goal 2—requires an understanding of food security that goes beyond developmental or humanitarian issues, to include linkages with geopolitics. Geopolitical challenges cut across areas such as natural resources, trade, armed conflict and climate change where unilateralism and zero-sum approaches to security directly hamper efforts to eradicate hunger and undermine the frameworks that govern those efforts.
The report provides an overview of how geopolitics interacts with these areas. Competition for agricultural resources can be both a cause and a consequence of geopolitical rivalry. International trade, while essential for food security, also creates vulnerabilities through supply disruptions—sometimes politically motivated. Armed conflict is a driver of food insecurity, which can itself feed into social unrest and violence. Climate change interacts with all three phenomena, reshaping both the physical landscape and political calculus. These overlapping linkages require further integrated policy engagement and analysis. | <urn:uuid:c3beb5e1-b98b-4029-aa68-79ae3f3314d0> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.sei.org/publications/the-geopolitics-of-food-security-barriers-to-the-sustainable-development-goal-of-zero-hunger/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141188800.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126142720-20201126172720-00000.warc.gz | en | 0.918815 | 181 | 2.671875 | 3 | 80 |
by Rashid Khalidi
At a time when a lasting peace between the Palestinians and the Israelis seems virtually unattainable, understanding the roots of their conflict is an essential step in restoring hope to the region. In The Iron Cage, Rashid Khalidi, one of the most respected historians and political observers of the Middle East, homes in on Palestinian politics and history. By drawing on a wealth of experience and scholarship, Khalidi provides a lucid context for the realities on the ground today, a context that has been, until now, notably lacking in our discourse.
The story of the Palestinian search to establish a state begins in the mandate period immediately following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire, the era of British control, when fledgling Arab states were established by the colonial powers with assurances of eventual independence. Mandatory Palestine was a place of real promise, with unusually high literacy rates and a relatively advanced economy. But the British had already begun to construct an iron cage to hem in the Palestinians, and the Palestinian leadership made a series of errors that would eventually prove crippling to their dream of independence.
The Palestinians' struggle intensified in the stretch before and after World War II, when colonial control of the region became increasingly unpopular, population shifts began with heavy Jewish immigration from Eastern Europe, and power began to devolve to the United States. In this crucial period, Palestinian leaders continued to run up against the walls of the ever-constricting iron cage. They proved unable to achieve their long-cherished goal of establishing an independent state-a critical failure that set a course for the decades that followed, right through the eras of the Palestinian Liberation Organization, the Palestinian Authority, and Hamas. Rashid Khalidi's engrossing narrative of this torturous history offers much-needed perspective for anyone concerned about peace in the Middle East. | <urn:uuid:3b4bc1d7-6c57-497b-8686-3f3d0edcdfd0> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://burningbooks.com/products/the-iron-cage-the-story-of-the-palestinian-struggle-for-statehood | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141194634.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127221446-20201128011446-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.946211 | 364 | 3.265625 | 3 | 81 |
This conversation between Fareed Zakaria and Lee Kuan Yew started off as an investigation of Lee’s ideology, but it gradually induced arguments from both sides.(1) Lee finds certain facets of America attractive and worth following, such as the social and political openness, while rejecting total individual freedom in fear of “moral decay”. He believes that culture is the dominant factor behind societal development. In particular, Lee prefers the Asian cultures’ emphasis on family to Western cultures’ faith in governmental influence, arguing that families are more ephemeral and pervasive and thus impact the society more. His proposal that only those between the age of 40 and 60 can vote stems from Confucian filial piety. He also advocates a balance between multiculturalism and interchangeability. Overall, Lee’s arguments seem to serve as the foundation of his political philosophy, as they necessitate certain authoritarian traits of Singapore, including a strict criminal system, Confucian ideals, and national unity.
A recent BBC article talks about Singapore’s focus on tidiness and hygiene.(2) The “Clean and Green” policy was established by Lee Kuan Yew decades ago to improve health conditions and city appearance. Even with 56,000 registered cleaners, there still are many organizations for volunteer cleaning. In addition, fines over tens of thousands are issued each year as punishment for littering alone. The growth of life expectancy from 66 to 83 is said to be correlated to the “Clean and Green” policy.
Lee believes that culture is more impactful than government, but how can government steer society progression by influencing culture?
Long-term policies can change the nations’ culture because of the change in everyday habits. However, a more thorough influence must be exerted through the educational system. Although this approach seems inherently authoritarian or even totalitarian, it exists to some degree in many democratic societies. What really differentiate them is freedom of speech and civil society, which ensure the protection of various opinions.
Dickovick, James Tyler, and Jonathan Eastwood. Comparative Politics: Classic and Contemporary Readings, (New York ; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 69-79
McDonald, Tim. “Capital – The Cost of Keeping Singapore Squeaky Clean.” BBC, BBC, 29 Oct. 2018, | <urn:uuid:ae463f6b-6b5e-42f9-be51-c5bf0b27019f> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://comparativegovernmentblog.com/2019/04/20/interview-of-lee-kuan-yew-by-zakaria/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141194634.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127221446-20201128011446-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.937372 | 508 | 2.75 | 3 | 82 |
Mediterranean diet linked with lower risk of heart disease among young US workers
Among a large group of Midwestern firefighters, greater adherence to Mediterranean-style diet was associated with lower risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), according to a new study led by researchers from Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) and Cambridge Health Alliance (CHA). The study is the first to assess the effects of Mediterranean-style diet among a group of young, working U.S. adults.
The study will appear online in PLOS ONE on February 4, 2014.
"Our study adds more evidence showing the health benefits of a Mediterranean diet, even after adjusting for exercise and body weight," said Stefanos Kales, associate professor in the Department of Environmental Health at HSPH and chief of occupational and environmental medicine at CHA.
U.S. firefighters are known to have a high prevalence of obesity and risk factors for CVD. A Mediterranean diet, rich in fish, nuts, vegetables, and fruits, has been shown in previous studies to lower risk of CVD. However, those studies have primarily been conducted among older people, those with existing health conditions, and among Mediterranean populations.
The researchers analyzed medical and lifestyle data, including dietary habits, from an existing cohort of 780 male firefighters in the Midwest. They developed a modified Mediterranean diet score (mMDS) to assess the participants' dietary patterns.
The firefighter group with greatest adherence to Mediterranean-style diet showed a 35% decreased risk in metabolic syndrome, a condition with risk factors that include a large waistline, high triglyceride level, low HDL ("good") cholesterol level, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar. The group with the highest mMDS also had a 43% lower risk of weight gain compared with the lowest mMDS group. Additionally, greater adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet was significantly associated with higher HDL cholesterol and lower LDL ("bad") cholesterol. Consistent with previous investigations, obese participants in the firefighter study reported a higher intake of both fast foods and sugary drinks.
The study shows that promoting Mediterranean-style diets could have significant health benefits for young, working populations. "The logical next steps from our investigation are studies using the workplace to specifically promote Mediterranean dietary habits among firefighters and other U.S. workers," said Justin Yang, lead author of the study and a post-doctoral fellow at HSPH. | <urn:uuid:dc1ae453-a0d5-4f10-8613-66627710bb11> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-02-mediterranean-diet-linked-heart-disease.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141194634.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127221446-20201128011446-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.950474 | 486 | 2.96875 | 3 | 83 |
The new interface is being developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The project plans to connect the human brain and modern electronics, the source said.
A bio-compatible chip would be no larger than 1 cubic centimeter and act as a translator to convert "electrochemical language used by neurons in the brain and the ones and zeros that constitute the language of information technology," ScienceAlert reported.
Although the military use would most likely be the first use for the new interface, its potential uses go far beyond the battlefield. The device could become a breakthrough advancement for neuroscience, synthetic biology and low-power electronics, just to name a few things, according to ScienceAlert.
The US military hopes that major defense companies will partner with the DARPA, so the agency could work on further research. | <urn:uuid:d2ed1e5d-1dab-4c8f-aae9-d5949966d580> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://sputniknews.com/military/201601241033638457-us-military-cyborgs-chip/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141194634.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127221446-20201128011446-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.934981 | 166 | 2.5625 | 3 | 84 |
MONTREAL ― A new study that attempts to uncover how widely cities spread their wealth has ranked Ottawa among the best in the world, but other Canadian cities don’t fare quite as well.
Canada’s capital city took eighth place in a ranking of 113 cities around the world for “inclusive prosperity” ― a new measure that acts as a sort of shorthand for understanding economic and social inequality.
It’s the highest ranking of any North American city.
The Prosperity and Inclusion Index, funded by institutions and local governments in Spain’s Basque Country, ranks cities on a number of criteria beyond the size of the economy, including housing affordability; access to education and the internet; personal safety; environmental quality; and “density of physicians,” as a proxy for access to health care.
“Economic and social inclusion have never been under such intense scrutiny and the rankings show that Ottawa is characterised by a clean environment and overall quality of life,” said Bruno Lanvin, founder of business advisory D&L Partners, which compiled the data for the report.
These elements “are key to ensuring a city’s population can all share in the benefits of a truly equitable society,” he added. | <urn:uuid:56cd0872-a7ee-4b00-a312-10cc464d1ff3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.ottawaliveshere.com/inclusive-prosperity-ranking-names-ottawa-best-in-north-america/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141194634.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127221446-20201128011446-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.951463 | 262 | 2.515625 | 3 | 85 |
Earliest grave flowers found
When it comes to ceremonies around death - and in particular the significance of flowers - it turns out that our ancestors were not so different from us. New research from an international team led by Israeli archaeologists has now revealed the earliest human graves that show definite evidence of being scattered with flowers, dating them back to between 13,700 and 11,700 years ago. That's roughly around the end of the last major ice age.
There are older burial sites around the world - in some cases from tens of thousands of years ago - but they're more commonly for just a few people, and aren't thought to be places where bodies were regularly and ceremonially buried. These burial sites are in northern Israel, next to the Mediterranean. They're known as Natufian sites and are the earliest cemeteries we know about so far.
Researchers have been studying them for a while, and have found more than 450 bodies buried across a number of sites. Now a new analysis of the graves, published in the journal PNAS from Dani Nadel and his colleagues, shows that they contain impressions of a range of local plants, including herbs such as sage and mint, made in the soft mud lining that had been put into the grave. These plants flower early in the year and are prettily coloured and strongly fragranced, so probably would have been used at spring or early summer burials. The scientists also found evidence of chiselling in caves that were part of the cemetery, suggesting that burial was an important, planned and sophisticated ritual.
This research tells us more about what the human culture was like around that time. Flowers are important in culture worldwide, and have a lot of emotional and spiritual meanings. At the time the Natufians lived, their world was in turmoil, as the environment was changing fast and the population was growing. Perhaps rituals like these elaborate burials helped to bring social groups together, and helped to strengthen their society - much like they still do for us modern humans today. | <urn:uuid:2b1a107f-1a9b-4725-ae8f-291477e7bbd7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/science-news/earliest-grave-flowers-found | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141194634.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127221446-20201128011446-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.986648 | 408 | 3.484375 | 3 | 86 |
THE Gibraltar National Museum and World Heritage Site Viewing Platform at Europa Advance Batteries have fully reopened after months of lockdown-forced closure.
No bookings are required but staff will enforce limits on visitor numbers.
Visitors must wear masks at all times and observe social distancing rules, including at the Upper Rock sites.
The viewing platform allows visitors to see the Gorham’s Cave Complex without damaging the fragile archaeological deposits inside the Neanderthal Caves.
Those wishing to see inside the caves of the UNESCO site must be accompanied by a guide from the Gibraltar National Museum.
Gibraltar Museum has existed since 1930 when it was founded by the governor General Sir Alexander Godley.
Current exhibits include archeological excavations, 14th-century moorish baths and the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
The museum building itself has a rich history and dates back to the 13th century when the Almohads occupied the Rock.
Almohads were a North African Dynasty who lived in Gibraltar until 1309 when the Rock was commandeered by the Spanish.
Alongside the reopening, the Gibraltar Virtual Museum will also continue to operate online. | <urn:uuid:3f13aeed-0e41-485b-b088-0a3adbdc837d> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2020/07/15/gibraltar-attractions-fully-reopen-after-months-of-covid-19-closure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141194634.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20201127221446-20201128011446-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.928153 | 237 | 2.546875 | 3 | 87 |
Tracing the threads: revealing Cheshire’s commercial past
Cheshire’s location and natural resources have helped create a fascinating commercial history. Salt, silk and soap are especially important, with lots of surprising links across the Museums of Cheshire.
Salt production in Cheshire dates back to the Romans, and its story is told at the Lion Salt Works, home of the country’s last open-pan salt making site. Exhibits reveal the impact of salt on mid-Cheshire’s people, economy and landscape. Weaver Hall Museum, housed in a former workhouse, also tells the story of rock salt mining, using film, models and artefacts from the Winsford salt mine.
The science of salt is explored at Catalyst, the interactive science centre and museum. Visitors here also learn about another important Cheshire industry, soap. However, the venue most closely associated with this industry is Port Sunlight. Industrialist and ‘Soap King’ William Hesketh Lever founded this beautiful garden village in 1888 to house his soap factory workers. Its museum explains how Lever developed both the village and his business, and reveals the lives of the people who lived and worked there.
Many people associate China rather than Cheshire with silk, yet Macclesfield was the centre of a world-renowned silk industry. The town’s Silk Museum and Paradise Mill use its internationally significant collection of silk textiles and machinery to explore the industry from the cocoon to the loom. Its beautifully preserved working silk mill, dating from 1860, gives an authentic glimpse of life in 1930s Macclesfield. The nearby Old Sunday School, which was funded by the proceeds from the local silk industry, completes the picture, telling the story of the day-to-day lives of the families who attended. | <urn:uuid:dc5ddf2f-d8c9-4e2d-a9c6-ac265d5ea424> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://museumsofcheshire.org.uk/themes/commerce | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141197278.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20201129063812-20201129093812-00160.warc.gz | en | 0.954967 | 374 | 2.828125 | 3 | 88 |
It wasn’t man-made lights along a seaside boardwalk that caused this glow in late April and early May. This light show on Southern California and northern Mexico’s Pacific shores was all natural. The bright blue gleam in the crashing waves was caused by bioluminescent plankton tumbling in the surf.
The affected section of the Pacific experienced an algal bloom commonly called “red tide.” By day, the algae, which are a type of phytoplankton, give the water a rusty orange appearance. But at night, they glow neon blue. The phenomenon was a nighttime gift to evening beachgoers—but sadly, with beaches mostly closed, not so many were able to enjoy the rare event. Law enforcement quickly dispersed the crowds that did try to gather. With beach parking areas closed, cars congested roadways along the shoreline, creating potentially dangerous traffic situations. Officials also worried that large groups of spectators might increase transmission of the novel coronavirus.
Surfers did get to enjoy the glow up close as they took advantage of the waves at the beaches of San Diego. There, swimming, surfing, and paddleboarding were all allowed activities despite the stay-at-home orders. Dolphins and sea lions were spotted leaping and diving in the midst of the bloom, churning up the water and causing the algae to flash and sparkle with colored light with each splash and dive.
What makes the algae glow? The microscopic organisms contain chemical molecules called luciferin. The glow may be a defense mechanism for the plankton. When water is turbulently churned up—as it might be if a predator descended on the algae—the algae expends precious energy to release an enzyme called luciferase. When luciferase, luciferin, and oxygen all meet up, a chemical reaction occurs and heatless light results. Scientists speculate that the flashes of light might startle would-be predators, causing them to turn away from the glowing plankton.
Sometimes red tide algae blooms are toxic to other marine life. But that’s not the case with this one, which stretched from Baja California as far north as Los Angeles. This bloom was dominated by a phytoplankton called Lingulodinium polyedra, or L. poly for short. It is a nontoxic alga, even when it is as prolific as this one. | <urn:uuid:65933747-9800-49a0-b9f4-ba37812a9338> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://teen.wng.org/comment/65529 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141216897.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130161537-20201130191537-00240.warc.gz | en | 0.960582 | 498 | 3.15625 | 3 | 89 |
Tooth pain that occurs when you eat or drink something cold or hot is an indicator that your teeth are overly sensitive. It can also result from eating sour or sweet foods, and sometimes just from breathing in cold air. Usually tooth sensitivity happens when your enamel has worn down, exposing the inner part of your tooth where sensitive nerves are located. It’s important to know what kinds of things may trigger tooth sensitivity, in hopes of avoiding it in the future.
Decay leads to cavities, which are holes in your teeth or damage to their structure. Tooth decay and the resulting cavities are often preventable with good dental care. If you develop a cavity, however, it’s vital to get it repaired so that area of your teeth doesn’t become overly sensitive and painful.
Early gum disease, called gingivitis, is usually caused by poor dental hygiene that leads to gum inflammation and redness. Your gums may bleed easily and become sore. As gingivitis worsens, your gums can recede and expose the roots of your teeth. Your roots contain nerve endings, and sensitivity will likely increase.
Accidents to your teeth or gums may lead to sensitivity. Fractured or knocked out teeth are certainly susceptible to painful sensations in your mouth.
Many people who use teeth whitening methods complain that their teeth become more sensitive with use of these products. Some whitening techniques cause this sensation more than others, so you may have to try several if you want to pursue teeth whitening without the sensitivity.
One way to treat this problem is to use toothpaste intended for sensitive teeth. Also, avoid foods and drinks that tend to increase your symptoms. If you do consume items that cause discomfort, gently brush your teeth afterwards to help reduce the effects.
If you live in the Clinton NJ area contact us today | <urn:uuid:a22fc6a7-0297-4f22-840e-dc8f90e81259> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.perryvillefamilydentistry.com/tag/general-dentist-in-cityname/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141216897.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130161537-20201130191537-00240.warc.gz | en | 0.948461 | 378 | 3.125 | 3 | 90 |
Background: The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world, dates back at least 5,000 years. Aryan tribes from the northwest invaded about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture. Arab incursions starting in the 8th century and Turkish in the 12th were followed by those of European traders, beginning in the late 15th century. By the 19th century, Britain had assumed political control of virtually all Indian lands. Indian armed forces in the British army played a vital role in both World Wars. Nonviolent resistance to British colonialism led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU brought independence in 1947. The subcontinent was divided into the secular state of India and the smaller Muslim state of Pakistan. A third war between the two countries in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. Despite impressive gains in economic investment and output, India faces pressing problems such as the ongoing dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir, massive overpopulation, environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and ethnic and religious strife. | <urn:uuid:cae6caaa-65bc-42c4-bba0-063db91b44c9> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.travelblog.org/Asia/India/Sikkim/Pelling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141216897.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130161537-20201130191537-00240.warc.gz | en | 0.956036 | 223 | 3.921875 | 4 | 91 |
This experiment was prompted by a recent NASA report concerning the effects of space weather on aviation. Like astronauts, ordinary air travelers can be exposed to significant doses of radiation when the sun is active. The Oct. 27th flight showed that it is possible to count x-rays, gamma-rays, alpha particles and beta particles using relatively inexpensive equipment. Such data can be used to check and improve research models of radiation percolating through Earth's atmosphere.
Another balloon flight could be in the offing. Solar activity is high, and a new fusillade of X-flares could trigger a radiation storm around Earth. If so, the student scientists plan to send their sensors back to the stratosphere for another look. www.spaceweather.com | <urn:uuid:95010856-46c1-4aa1-9878-e31d2e9af4fd> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.ascensionnow.co.uk/quick-info/space-weather-balloon-readings | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141686635.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20201202021743-20201202051743-00320.warc.gz | en | 0.926321 | 155 | 3.734375 | 4 | 92 |
Black History Month, is an annual celebration of achievements by black Americans and a time for recognizing the central role of African Americans in U.S. history. The event grew out of “Negro History Week,” the brainchild of noted historian Carter G. Woodson and other prominent African Americans. Since 1976, every U.S. president has officially designated the month of February as Black History Month. Other countries around the world, including Canada and the United Kingdom, also devote a month to celebrating black history. Mixed Nation will share some interesting and inspiring African American content throughout the month!
Black History Month
Luke Whitehead / 1 year ago | <urn:uuid:6d8e9886-1784-4164-a730-47da7a103b18> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://mixednation.com/black-history-month/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141686635.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20201202021743-20201202051743-00320.warc.gz | en | 0.940003 | 132 | 3.015625 | 3 | 93 |
Turtles carry salmonellaSalmonella isn’t just a food-borne illness; turtles and other reptiles carry salmonella bacteria, which can be easily transmitted to people.
A small turtle may seem harmless, giving parents a false sense that they’re a safe pet for children.
Can you get salmonella from touching a turtle?
Turtles can carry Salmonella germs in their droppings, even while looking healthy and clean. People can get sick after they touch a turtle or anything in their habitats.
How common is it to get salmonella from a turtle?
A salmonella outbreak in 13 states has been linked to pet turtles, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Twenty-one people have been infected with the strain of Salmonella Oranienburg, the CDC announced Wednesday. Seven of those cases required hospitalization, but no deaths have been reported.
How do you know if a turtle has salmonella?
Watch for symptoms of Salmonella infection, such as diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and headache. Call your doctor immediately if you have any of those symptoms.
Do baby box turtles carry salmonella?
Although turtles are certainly not the only pet or reptile that can carry Salmonella, most turtles carry the infection asymptomatically, which means that they do not show signs of illness. Since box turtles are a common family pet, the danger of infection is very real. | <urn:uuid:14f38167-31f0-4069-bd65-3f42bc9df5ee> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://englewoodcardiacsurgery.com/treatment/do-baby-turtles-carry-diseases.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141727782.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20201203124807-20201203154807-00400.warc.gz | en | 0.941631 | 309 | 3.0625 | 3 | 94 |
Online Dental Education Library
Our team of dental specialists and staff strive to improve the overall health of our patients by focusing on preventing, diagnosing and treating conditions associated with your teeth and gums. Please use our dental library to learn more about dental problems and treatments available. If you have questions or need to schedule an appointment, contact us.
Geographic tongue is characterized by harmless lesions, or patches, that can suddenly materialize on the tongue's top surface. The condition gets its name from the physical appearance of the lesions, which resemble smooth, red islands, possibly rimmed with white. Their smoothness comes from the absence of the tiny bumps or “papillae” that normally cover the entire surface of the tongue. These variations in color and texture give the whole tongue a map-like appearance.
The pattern on the tongue can change daily as the lesions appear to move or migrate, healing in one spot only to reappear in another. That's why the medical term for this condition is benign migratory glossitis. It's scary looking, but does not compromise a person's health.
Discomfort from the condition can sometimes be relieved with over-the-counter pain relievers; mouthrinses containing anesthetics, antihistamines, or steroids; and by avoiding certain irritants such as tobacco, alcohol, and foods that are spicy, salty or acidic.
No one knows exactly what causes geographic tongue. Some factors that may play a role include vitamin B deficiency, irritation from alcohol or spicy foods, and genetics.
This condition can be diagnosed simply by examining your tongue; laboratory tests are usually not necessary. Geographic tongue normally resolves on its own, but a dental professional should be consulted if you notice any changes in your tongue's appearance. | <urn:uuid:10485f1f-38ac-470d-8477-a47e5d6628db> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.mvpsmiles.com/library/7696/GeographicTongue.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141727782.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20201203124807-20201203154807-00400.warc.gz | en | 0.931544 | 360 | 2.9375 | 3 | 95 |
Historically, the quality of a library has been measured by the size of its collection. The acquisition of the millionth volume was cause for celebration, and press releases flooded local and national news media. The millionth volume or a million-dollar “book” budget gave bragging rights to the library’s director. For decades, library directors, upon retirement, wanted to be known for the number of titles added during their tenure.
As the collections grew, space eventually became a problem, so library directors pressed for bigger buildings to house the increased number of volumes. Bigger collections meant the need for more staff and furnishings, especially shelving. Several other factors influenced collection building, especially after World War II. The expansion of colleges and universities in response to the GI Bill meant more faculty had to be hired, and they were expected to “publish or perish” to receive tenure.
Of course, authors wanted the library to purchase their published works. Several publishing companies were launched to translate and reprint works held by major European university libraries that had been damaged during the war. The new faculty expected the library to resemble the one from which they received their doctoral degree—having similar-sized collections and holdings. | <urn:uuid:1d5cc081-93f2-4480-be08-ea0924335960> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.dlcppi.org/press/release/napster1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141745780.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204223450-20201205013450-00480.warc.gz | en | 0.978519 | 247 | 3.28125 | 3 | 96 |
Teaching maths for mastery is a transformational approach to maths teaching which stems from high performing Asian nations such as Singapore. When taught to master maths, children develop their mathematical fluency without resorting to rote learning and are able to solve non-routine maths problems without having to memorise procedures.
When teaching maths for mastery, the whole class moves through topics at broadly the same pace. Each topic is studied in depth and the teacher does not move to the next stage until all children demonstrate that they have a secure understanding of mathematical concepts.
Though the whole class goes through the same content at the same pace, there is still plenty of opportunity for differentiation. Unlike the old model, where advanced learners are accelerated through new content, those pupils who grasp concepts quickly are challenged with rich and sophisticated problems within the topic. Those children who are not sufficiently fluent are provided additional support to consolidate their understanding before moving on.
What does that actually mean?
Please watch the clip below, which another school made to help explain Maths Mastery.
(With thanks to St Bedes Catholic Primary School) | <urn:uuid:109f1555-dab2-41e2-96c3-c3c031b00036> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.learningandachievingfederation.co.uk/mawney-foundation-school/maths-mastery-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141745780.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204223450-20201205013450-00480.warc.gz | en | 0.960605 | 221 | 3.484375 | 3 | 97 |
Relations between the United States and Sweden are built on a shared heritage that dates back to 1638 when the first Swedish immigrants arrived on the shores of Delaware. Sweden was one of the first countries to recognize U.S. independence in 1783, and the two countries have maintained a strong bilateral friendship since then, based on shared values and mutual interests.
Sweden’s commitment to promoting global democracy, human rights, gender equality, and international development and sustainability makes it a respected moral leader in international affairs. The United States has collaborated with Sweden to strengthen Internet freedom in countries emerging from oppressive and autocratic regimes to more effectively promote and protect freedom of expression. The United States also works closely with Sweden to combat corruption and support sustainable economic and human rights-based political development around the world.
Sweden is also an Enhanced Opportunities Partner of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and plays an active leadership role on the international stage. Today, the U.S. embassy is in Stockholm. For more information on our relationship with Sweden, please click here.
Source, United States Department of State, Office of the Historian and Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs. | <urn:uuid:725c891c-8520-445b-836b-5d162dcf69f3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://diplomacy.state.gov/places/u-s-embassy-stockholm-sweden/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141171077.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124025131-20201124055131-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.938823 | 238 | 2.84375 | 3 | 98 |
Factors contributing to individual differences of empathy were examined using behavioral genetics methodology. Data related to individual levels of empathy and parental warmth received during childhood were collected from approximately 450 pairs of twins (ages 14-33). A bivariate model analysis clarified that shared family environmental factors did not contribute to the formation of empathy. No common shared environmental factors were detected between empathy and parental warmth, either. The positive correlation between the two variables was mediated principally by genetics. The result does not support socialization theory, which holds that warm parenting nurtures children's empathy. However, the subsequent gene-environment interaction model analysis revealed that shared family environmental factors significantly affected the formation of empathy for those with high or very low parental warmth. The results imply that individuals with a strong or very weak attachment to their parents were more influenced by the shared family environment.
|Translated title of the contribution||Factors affecting the formation of empathy: A gene-environment interaction model|
|Number of pages||14|
|Journal||Research in Social Psychology|
|Publication status||Published - 2011| | <urn:uuid:502c276b-a47e-414a-9e1d-80ff36f724b9> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/factors-affecting-the-formation-of-empathy-a-gene-environment-int-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141171077.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124025131-20201124055131-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.938001 | 217 | 2.78125 | 3 | 99 |
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