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009556d69e54aadd0c5b5273a32956e9c3b68b59 | {
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"DOI": "10.3390/min9120791",
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"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:bel-225448",
"https://www.mdpi.com/journal/minerals"
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"name": "Minerals",
"type": "journal",
"url": "http://www.e-helvetica.nb.admin.ch/directAccess?callnumber=bel-225448"
} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/009556d69e54aadd0c5b5273a32956e9c3b68b59 | Synthesis of Geopolymers from Mechanically Activated Coal Fly Ash and Improvement of Their Mechanical Properties | Coal fly ash is a spherical fine powder by-product discharged from coal-fired power plants. When coal fly ash is used as raw materials for the synthesis of geopolymers, there are practical problems associated with the stable surface of the particles that do not allow the production of geopolymers with sufficient strength. A long-time is also required for the curing. In this study, we aim to promote the curing reaction of geopolymers by activating the surface of coal fly ash particles. By mechanically activating the surface of coal fly ash particles using an attrition-type mill, the dissolution of Si4+ and Al3+ in coal fly ash is promoted, and the acceleration of the reaction taking place during curing is also anticipated. The surface morphology and crystal phase of coal fly ash particles change with the use of an attrition-type mill. The mechanical activation results in improvement of the compressive strength and the acid resistance under milder curing conditions by the densification of the hardened body. Thus, it is clearly shown that mechanical activation is effective for the production of geopolymers with beneficial mechanical properties under milder curing conditions. | Minerals | 2,019 | 10 | {
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/9/12/791/pdf?version=1576743218"
} | [
{
"authorId": "34495230",
"name": "Mitsuaki Matsuoka"
},
{
"authorId": "23671084",
"name": "Kaho Yokoyama"
},
{
"authorId": "1389626169",
"name": "Kohei Okura"
},
{
"authorId": "30667412",
"name": "N. Murayama"
},
{
"authorId": "39729352",
"name": "M. Ueda"
},
{
"authorId": "69404397",
"name": "M. Naito"
}
] | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/9/12/791/pdf?version=1576743218 | www.mdpi.com | 0 |
01db18a79c0b3b99644015e473fe9bb72c4aaae9 | {
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"DOI": "10.3989/CYV.222014",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/01db18a79c0b3b99644015e473fe9bb72c4aaae9 | Síntesis de compósitos cerámicos Ba0.75Sr0.25Al2Si2O8 - ZrO2 por reacción en el estado sólido de mezclas precursoras activadas mecánicamente | espanolMezclas precursoras de cenizas volantes, BaCO3 , SrCO3 , Al2 O3 y ZrO2 , fueron activadas mecanicamente en un molino de atricion por 0-8 h y luego prensadas uniaxialmente y sinterizadas a 900-1500 °C/5 h, para la sintesis in situ por reaccion en el estado solido de compositos con relaciones nominales Ba0.75Sr0.25Al2 Si2 O8 (SBAS)/ZrO2 en masa de: 1) 90/10, 2) 70/30, y 3) 50/50. La activacion mecanica, combinada con la probable generacion de una cantidad considerable de liquido transitorio, incremento notablemente la reactividad de las mezclas precursoras. La ZrO2 disminuyo la conversion de la fase hexagonal (Hexacelsiana) a la monoclinica (Celsiana) del SBAS, lo cual fue mas pronunciado cuando el contenido de ZrO2 se incremento en los compositos. Fue posible obtener conversiones casi completas a temperaturas tan bajas como 1100 °C, activando mecanicamente las mezclas precursoras por tiempos que se incrementaron con el incremento en el contenido de ZrO2 en los materiales. El incremento en el tiempo de activacion mecanica de las mezclas precursoras, asi como en su contenido de ZrO2 y en la temperatura de sinterizacion, incremento las propiedades mecanicas de los materiales sintetizados. Asi, las mejores propiedades mecanicas correspondieron a la composicion 3 molida por 8 h y sinterizada a 1500 °C. EnglishPrecursor mixtures composed of fly ash, BaCO3 , SrCO3 , Al2 O3 and ZrO2 , were subjected to attrition milling for 0-8 h and then uniaxially pressed and sintered at 900-1500 °C/5 h, for the in situ solid state synthesis of composites with nominal Ba0.75Sr0.25Al2 Si2 O8 (SBAS)/ZrO2 mass ratios of: 1) 90/10, 2) 70/30, and 3) 50/50. Mechanical activation, combined with the likely generation of a considerable amount of transient liquid during sintering of the composites, notably enhanced the reactivity of the precursor mixtures. ZrO2 decreased the conversion from the hexagonal (Hexacelsian) into the monoclinic (Celsian) phases of SBAS in the composites, which became more pronounced when the content of ZrO2 was increased in the materials. Nearly full conversions could be achieved at temperatures as low as 1100 °C, by mechanically activating the precursor mixtures for times that increased with increasing content of ZrO2 in the materials. An increment in the time of mechanical activation of the precursor mixtures, as well as in their ZrO2 content and in the sintering temperature, increased the mechanical properties of the synthesized materials. Thus, the best mechanical properties were obtained for composition 3 milled for 8 h and sintered at 1500 °C. | 2,014 | 3 | {
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3989/cyv.222014"
} | [
{
"authorId": "2069983141",
"name": "M. Ramírez"
},
{
"authorId": "2052422580",
"name": "J. Cuevas"
},
{
"authorId": "144319275",
"name": "J. L. R. Galicia"
},
{
"authorId": "122604051",
"name": "J. Angeles"
}
] | https://doi.org/10.3989/cyv.222014 | doi.org | 1 |
|
02a8d851a7ecaad38e0f150f9d68784f0f88f728 | {
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"DOI": "10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.396-398.615",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/02a8d851a7ecaad38e0f150f9d68784f0f88f728 | Study and Characterization of Powders Nanocomposites Calcium Phosphate/Silica-Gel (SiO2n) Obtained from Attrition Milling: For Biomedical Applications | The bioceramics nanostructured have made important characteristics in biomedical applications, especially the calcium phosphate ceramics. The aim of this work is synthesis and characterization of calcium phosphate and nanocomposites powders, the method of dissolution of CaO in liquid medium, precipitation and formation of bone calcium phosphate matrix, and nanocomposites by adding the solution of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The nanocomposites powders were synthesized using as strengthening silica gel nanometer (20nm) at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3% and 5% by volume and subjected to heat treatment to 900°C for 2 hours, seeking obtained HA (Hydroxyapatite). Later the bone matrix of calcium phosphate and nanocomposites powders were subjected from process attrition milling for 2 hours, by way of comparison. The studies characterizations were conducted through the technique of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dilatometric test. | 2,008 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "91279549",
"name": "R. Brandao"
},
{
"authorId": "114725736",
"name": "Fernando Pupio"
},
{
"authorId": "93343324",
"name": "N. H. Camargo"
},
{
"authorId": "15673937",
"name": "E. Gemelli"
}
] | null | null | 2 |
|
030fdc047bb7fc0e49cc76bc9647b375288ffc85 | {
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"DOI": "10.3740/MRSK.2012.22.6.321",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/030fdc047bb7fc0e49cc76bc9647b375288ffc85 | Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk Using Microwave Heating Induced KOH Activation | The production of functional activated carbon materials starting from inexpensive natural precursors using environmentally friendly and economically effective processes has attracted much attention in the areas of material science and technology. In particular, the use of plant biomass to produce functional carbonaceous materials has attracted a great deal of attention in various aspects. In this study the preparation of activated carbon has been attempted from rice husks via a chemical activation-assisted microwave system. The rice husks were milled via attrition milling with aluminum balls, and then carbonized under purified N2. The operational parameters including the activation agents, chemical impregnation weight ratio of the calcined rice husk to KOH (1:1, 1:2 and 1:4), microwave power heating within irradiation time (3-5 min), and the second activation process on the adsorption capability were investigated. Experimental results were investigated using XRD, FT-IR, and SEM. It was found that the BET surface area of activated carbons irrespective of the activation agent resulted in surface area. The activated carbons prepared by microwave heating with an activation process have higher surface area and larger average pore size than those prepared by activation without microwave heating when the ratio with KOH solution was the same. The activation time using microwave heating and the chemical impregnation ratio with KOH solution were varied to determine the optimal method for obtaining high surface area activated carbon (1505 m2/g). | 2,012 | 9 | {
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201220962919454.pdf"
} | [
{
"authorId": "49035034",
"name": "Tuan Dung Nguyen"
},
{
"authorId": "14283069",
"name": "Jung-In Moon"
},
{
"authorId": "48675669",
"name": "Jeong-Hwan Song"
},
{
"authorId": "92195655",
"name": "T. Kim"
}
] | https://koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201220962919454.pdf | koreascience.or.kr:80 | 3 |
|
04ffde0f176c535b296c57d476934fe628da30d5 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/04ffde0f176c535b296c57d476934fe628da30d5 | Mechanochemical Modification of the Properties of Antihelminthic Preparations | The processes of joint mechanical activation of some benzimidazole antihelminthic preparations with water-soluble polymers in the mills of shock-attrition type were studied. The conditions of synthesis of supramolecular complexes with different components ratios and energy strain of activator mills were discussed. The products of mechanochemical synthesis were characterized on the basis of water solubility and particle size. The products obtained possess higher water solubility and smaller particle size than the initial benzimidazole compounds; the products are of interest as potential antihelminthic preparations with increased efficiency. | 2,011 | 1 | null | [
{
"authorId": "8418159",
"name": "S. Khalikov"
},
{
"authorId": "82368441",
"name": "M. Khalikov"
},
{
"authorId": "90497320",
"name": "E. S. Meteleva"
},
{
"authorId": "144875723",
"name": "S. Guskov"
},
{
"authorId": "6989688",
"name": "V. Evseenko"
},
{
"authorId": "5314335",
"name": "A. Dushkin"
},
{
"authorId": "93346448",
"name": "V. S. Buranbaev"
},
{
"authorId": "120478861",
"name": "G. Fazlaev"
},
{
"authorId": "2036976071",
"name": "Z. Galimova"
},
{
"authorId": "91140379",
"name": "A. M. Galiullina"
}
] | null | null | 4 |
|
08025fb96de082c8fe75930bb0f697ebec199c11 | {
"ACL": null,
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"DOI": "10.1111/J.1151-2916.2000.TB01422.X",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/08025fb96de082c8fe75930bb0f697ebec199c11 | Synthesis of Pure Monolithic Calcium, Strontium, and Barium Hexaluminates for Catalytic Applications | Calcium, strontium, and barium hexaluminates have been prepared via a chemical route. In light of their interest as catalytic substrates the relation between attrition-milling time and density was studied, with the scope of obtaining fired bodies with suitable pore structure. It was found that all hexaluminates grew in elongated structures; longer milling times resulted in higher aspect ratios for calcium hexaluminate, with less than 75% of the theoretical density. Strontium and barium hexaluminates were prepared with even lower densities, but the reason is the inherent poor densification, and not the growth of mutually interfering elongated structures, as in the case for calcium hexaluminate. | 2,004 | 7 | null | [
{
"authorId": "2089528295",
"name": "Lucia Di Filippo"
},
{
"authorId": "48070513",
"name": "E. Lucchini"
},
{
"authorId": "49148850",
"name": "V. Sergo"
},
{
"authorId": "6583639",
"name": "S. Maschio"
}
] | null | null | 5 |
|
0af79b35d8980e6d13c430ec815d74c0635c49f0 | {
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"DOI": "10.1111/IJAC.13172",
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} | {
"alternate_issns": null,
"alternate_names": [
"Int J Appl Ceram Technol"
],
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"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17447402",
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1744-7402"
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"id": "b673c47c-d24b-4a1d-a774-5c5b18cf11d5",
"issn": "1546-542X",
"name": "International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology",
"type": "journal",
"url": "http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=journal&issn=1546-542X"
} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0af79b35d8980e6d13c430ec815d74c0635c49f0 | Sintering behavior of magnesium aluminate spinel MgAl
2
O
4
synthesized by different methods | This paper is focusing basically on the ceramic technology, of which several methods for the synthesis of MgAl 2 O 4 have been investigated. The synthesis conditions regarding the powders cleanliness, microstructure, and sintering parameters of MgAl 2 O 4 were studied. MgAl 2 O 4 powder was synthesized via conventional solid-state route using different milling process vertical attrition milling, WAB as a high-energy horizontal attrition milling, and Pulverisette as a planetary ball miller, and via solution combustion route using Urea, Glycine, and a mixture of Urea/Glycine. Urea and Glycine was used as fuel. The white powders were obtained for all solid-state routes and for Urea-combustion technique. The black and gray powders were obtained in the case of combustion technique, respectively, using a fuel of Glycine and Glycine/Urea mixture. The obtained powders and pellets were characterized by XRD, SEM, and Dilatometry. The results show that, among all the solid-state route processes, wet attrition milling gives the better and clean spinel phase. The WAB milling and Pulverisette miller introduce a contamination by some yttria-stabilized zirconia balls in the corresponding powder. Furthermore, the flash combustion technique permit to have nanoparticles with a dense spinel phase of MgAl 2 O 4 and with lower sintering temperature in less time and with no calcination step. © 2019 The American Ceramic Society | International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology | 2,019 | 11 | null | [
{
"authorId": "75086498",
"name": "M. Mouyane"
},
{
"authorId": "112850991",
"name": "B. Jaber"
},
{
"authorId": "12320563",
"name": "B. Bendjemil"
},
{
"authorId": "144362059",
"name": "J. Bernard"
},
{
"authorId": "91411244",
"name": "D. Houivet"
},
{
"authorId": "13711780",
"name": "J. Noudem"
}
] | null | null | 6 |
0d6784d78c9ac8ded37747e5c9ac2aa2027bf5b5 | {
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} | {
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"1674-4799"
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"International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials",
"Int J Miner Metall Mater",
"International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials"
],
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"https://link.springer.com/journal/12613",
"https://www.springer.com/materials/journal/12613"
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"issn": "1001-053X",
"name": "International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials",
"type": "journal",
"url": "http://erf.sbb.spk-berlin.de/han/caj/eng.oversea.cnki.net/kns55/oldnavi/n_item.aspx?NaviID=48&BaseID=BJKY&Flg=local&NaviLink="
} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0d6784d78c9ac8ded37747e5c9ac2aa2027bf5b5 | Synthesis and characterization of the nanostructured solid solution with extended solubility of graphite in nickel by mechanical alloying | null | International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials | 2,019 | 5 | null | [
{
"authorId": "151406928",
"name": "N. Kundan"
},
{
"authorId": "2272203934",
"name": "Biswajit Parida"
},
{
"authorId": "3132439",
"name": "A. Keshri"
},
{
"authorId": "70527551",
"name": "P. R. Soni"
}
] | null | null | 7 |
0f759047986c3936a5596257208b4aec297c423a | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0f759047986c3936a5596257208b4aec297c423a | World's Science, Technology & Medicine Open Access book publisher | The chapter presents the possibility of applying high-energy ball milling techniques to car‐ ry out the synthesis of ceramics with perovskite structure, thereby eliminating prolonged use of high temperatures in their preparation. On the examples of alkaline-earth metal perovskites, an influence of the most significant parameters of mechanochemical treatment on their forming process and product quality was illustrated. For the first time, it was done that the contamination of the product de‐ rived from the attrition of the grinding media and internal parts of the vial can constitute modifiers of the functional properties of produced electroceramics. Dielectric characteristics of mechanochemically produced materials as well as using high- temperature solid synthesis were compared. | 2,017 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "2326416763",
"name": "Piotr Dulian"
}
] | null | null | 8 |
|
17e1fa8f4879f788857a38f890768df3221bc761 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/17e1fa8f4879f788857a38f890768df3221bc761 | Synthesis of Nano-Crystalline Gamma-TiAl Materials | One of the principal problems with nano-crystalline materials is producing them in quantities and sizes large enough for valid mechanical property evaluation. The purpose of this study was to explore an innovative method for producing nano-crystalline gamma-TiAl bulk materials using high energy ball milling and brief secondary processes. Nano-crystalline powder feedstock was produced using a Fritsch P4(TM) vario-planetary ball mill recently installed at NASA-LaRC. The high energy ball milling process employed tungsten carbide tooling (vials and balls) and no process control agents to minimize contamination. In a collaborative effort, two approaches were investigated, namely mechanical alloying of elemental powders and attrition milling of pre-alloyed powders. The objective was to subsequently use RF plasma spray deposition and short cycle vacuum hot pressing in order to effect consolidation while retaining nano-crystalline structure in bulk material. Results and discussion of the work performed to date are presented. | 2,003 | 2 | null | [
{
"authorId": "143753760",
"name": "S. Hales"
},
{
"authorId": "51914918",
"name": "P. Vasquez"
}
] | null | null | 9 |
|
1b42303600891854cf6605edc8ee3a91e091fdce | {
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"DOI": "10.1021/JP806708Z",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b42303600891854cf6605edc8ee3a91e091fdce | CCVD Synthesis of Single-And Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes : Influence of the Addition of Molybdenum to Fe-Al2O3 Self-Supported Foams | Powders of α-Al1.8Fe0.2O3 solid solution are prepared by combustion and are attrition-milled with different amounts of ammonium heptamolybdate before being transformed into self-supported foams by impregnation of a polyurethane foam. Carbon nanotubes, mostly single- and double-walled, are prepared by catalytic chemical vapor deposition using the foams as catalytic materials. Extensive characterization reveals that the addition of a small amount of molybdenum first favors the formation of double-walled nanotubes over that of single-walled nanotubes and second activates smaller nanoparticles, thus producing smaller-diameter nanotubes. A detailed Mossbauer spectroscopy study reveals that there is no interaction between iron- and molybdenum species, pointing to a role of molybdenum favoring some phenomenon happening in the gas phase, as opposed to any alloying effect. | 2,008 | 6 | {
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://hal.science/hal-03578387/file/Cordier_2623.pdf"
} | [
{
"authorId": "2070931902",
"name": "A. Cordier"
},
{
"authorId": "91056075",
"name": "V. Resende"
},
{
"authorId": "15797437",
"name": "E. Grave"
},
{
"authorId": "3165251",
"name": "A. Peigney"
},
{
"authorId": "50439122",
"name": "C. Laurent"
}
] | https://hal.science/hal-03578387/file/Cordier_2623.pdf | hal.science | 10 |
|
1f4cc6ea16dfe2588ea5591d71964fc787c0609f | {
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"DOI": "10.5772/61521",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f4cc6ea16dfe2588ea5591d71964fc787c0609f | Solid-State Mechanochemical Syntheses of Perovskites | The chapter presents the possibility of applying high-energy ball milling techniques to car‐ ry out the synthesis of ceramics with perovskite structure, thereby eliminating prolonged use of high temperatures in their preparation. On the examples of alkaline-earth metal perovskites, an influence of the most significant parameters of mechanochemical treatment on their forming process and product quality was illustrated. For the first time, it was done that the contamination of the product de‐ rived from the attrition of the grinding media and internal parts of the vial can constitute modifiers of the functional properties of produced electroceramics. Dielectric characteristics of mechanochemically produced materials as well as using high-temperature solid synthesis were compared. | 2,016 | 9 | {
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/49424"
} | [
{
"authorId": "92386037",
"name": "P. Dulian"
}
] | https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/49424 | www.intechopen.com | 11 |
|
20d541ef0d05f83b028ce2bee36966fc0f789927 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/20d541ef0d05f83b028ce2bee36966fc0f789927 | INFLUENCE OF BINDER COMPOSITION AND MICROHARDNESS ON WEAR PROPERTIES OF LIGHT WEIGHT COMPOSITES | Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis (SHS) method was used to produce the light weight composites on boron carbide and boron nitride base by liquid condition of aluminum alloy binder. SHS method for recycling of composites with disintegration and attrition milling of powders was used too. Special wear tests in unlubricated sliding friction condition against steel, friction coefficient and hydroerosion in solution were performed. The wear mechanism, wear rate and the wear loss in solution during testing of different composites and phase’s microhardness of composites were investigated and results are compared. | 2,003 | 2 | null | [
{
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"name": "R. Traksmaa"
},
{
"authorId": "118202959",
"name": "E. Kimmari"
}
] | null | null | 12 |
|
216ca948dc25fa7068fd5d039ba114a2e9bb532d | {
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"DOI": "10.3365/kjmm.2010.48.09.831",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/216ca948dc25fa7068fd5d039ba114a2e9bb532d | Synthesis and Dispersion Stabilization of Indium Tin Oxide Nanopowders by Coprecipitation and Sol-Gel Method for Transparent and Conductive Films | Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanopowders were synthesized by coprecipitation and the sol-gel method to prepare a stable dispersion of ITO nano-colloid for antistatic coating of a display panel. The colloidal dispersions were prepared by attrition process with a vibratory milling apparatus using a suitable dispersant in organic solvent. The ITO coating solution was spin-coated on a glass panel followed by the deposition of partially hydrolyzed alkyl silicate as an over-coat layer. The double-layered coating films were characterized by measuring the sheet resistance and reflectance spectrum for antistatic and antireflective properties. | 2,010 | 2 | null | [
{
"authorId": "2256961",
"name": "Young‐Sang Cho"
},
{
"authorId": "16295802",
"name": "Jeong-Jin Hong"
},
{
"authorId": "123634097",
"name": "Youngkuk Kim"
},
{
"authorId": "113767389",
"name": "K. Chung"
},
{
"authorId": "144686963",
"name": "Chul-Jin Choi"
}
] | null | null | 13 |
|
2242412c9edba8f8341e496e14d01eb8497d90a8 | {
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"DOI": "10.7316/khnes.2011.22.6.759",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2242412c9edba8f8341e496e14d01eb8497d90a8 | Powder Synthesis and Membrane Deposition of BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 and SrCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 System for Hydrogen Separation Application | Mixed-conducting oxide powders, (BCY) and (SCY) powders have been prepared by a solid-state reaction method. Xray diffraction patterns of the prepared powders showed the sharp peaks of the and phases. The oxide powders that were prepared by attrition milling showed rather large particles and severe necking between particles in FE-SEM images as well as residual reactant () and secondary phases ( and ) in XRD patterns. The oxide powders prepared using ball milling showed particles under approximately 500 nm and typical XRD patterns of the and phases. Ceramic membranes of the and phases were fabricated by the aerosol deposition method using the oxide powders synthesized. | 2,011 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "2114071314",
"name": "Kyung-Min Kang"
},
{
"authorId": "49636996",
"name": "Y. Yun"
}
] | null | null | 14 |
|
2510904c588ef805e59f4c72e844af20d81b7f30 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2510904c588ef805e59f4c72e844af20d81b7f30 | Effect of Attrition Milling and Calcination Temperature on Phase Composition of Strontium-and Magnesium-Doped Lanthanum Gallate | Oxygen-ion conductors based on strontium-and magnesium-doped lanthanum gallate have been proposed to be used as solid electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperatures (500-700 °C), due to their high ionic conductivity and stability over a wide range of oxygen partial pressures. In this work, the effect of attrition milling on phase composition of powder and consolidated specimens prepared by solid state synthesis has been investigated. The results show that both the attrition milling and the calcination temperature play a major role in the phase composition. Powders with negligible amount of secondary phases were obtained after two steps of calcination at high temperature followed by attrition milling. | 2,012 | 2 | null | [
{
"authorId": "5468166",
"name": "S. Reis"
},
{
"authorId": "91896476",
"name": "E. Muccillo"
}
] | null | null | 15 |
|
25faa16678af331c55242a7e0552f38b54257ad8 | {
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"DOI": "10.1557/JMR.2007.0012",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/25faa16678af331c55242a7e0552f38b54257ad8 | Solvothermal synthesis of zirconia and yttria-stabilized zirconia nanocrystalline particles | A solvothermal method was used to prepare zirconia and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) particles using zirconium hydroxide and yttrium hydroxide particles as precursors and ethanol or isopropanol as reaction media. The particle properties were characterized with x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermal analysis, laser particle-size analysis, nitrogen adsorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method) and Zeta potential analysis. Cubic/tetragonal ZrO_2 and YSZ nanocrystals with crystallite size around 5 nm were obtained. The effect of different hydroxide precursors, attrition milling of hydroxide precursors, solvothermal processing conditions, and mineralizer was investigated and discussed by referring to the crystallization process of zirconium hydroxides. | 2,007 | 6 | null | [
{
"authorId": "50141555",
"name": "Xin Wang"
},
{
"authorId": "48597051",
"name": "P. Xiao"
}
] | null | null | 16 |
|
28f8b58e8d41cbe04fe11b235d110e21fb51bac6 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/28f8b58e8d41cbe04fe11b235d110e21fb51bac6 | MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS | In this paper, the mechanical properties of nanostructured materials, defined hereafter as having a mean grain size that falls in the 50-200 nm ranges, is reviewed and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on nanostructured materials that are processed via two synthesis approaches: consolidation of nanocrystalline powders and electrodeposition. The present review demonstrates that processing history significantly influ- ences mechanical behavior as revealed by the following observations. First, a low strain harden- ing behavior is usually observed during the plastic deformation of nanostructured materials processed by milling (also known as mechanical milling or attrition). The phenomenon can be attributed to the process of dislocation annihilation or dynamic recovery during plastic deforma- tion. Second, the reported asymmetry of yield strength between tension and compression can be rationalized based on the existence of porosity or the presence of a bimodal phase distribution. Third, significant strain hardening behavior is generally observed in nanostructured materials processed by electrodeposition. The observation of strain hardening in nanostructured materi- als can be explained on the basis of dislocation multiplication. Fourth, the low ductility that is frequently reported for nanostructured materials is related to an absence of dislocation activity. Recent work reviewed suggests that this limitation may be surmounted by implementing the concept of multiple length scales in the microstructure. | 2,005 | 74 | null | [
{
"authorId": "143955270",
"name": "B. Han"
},
{
"authorId": "114920864",
"name": "E. Lavernia"
},
{
"authorId": "16187239",
"name": "F. Mohamed"
}
] | null | null | 17 |
|
292bb55e10f2f787da639111a291db897b84fada | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/292bb55e10f2f787da639111a291db897b84fada | SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE TiN POWDER BY REACTIVE MILLING | TiN powder was obtained by reaction milling of a titanium powder in air. The Ti powder was milled in an attrition mill or a Spex mill. Characterization of the powders was carried out by means of chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The reaction took place in 12 h in the Spex mill. It took 96 h in the attrition mill to complete the reaction. The XRD results indicate that a cubic TiN-like phase crystalline structure was produced in the two mills, with a lattice parameter of 4.38 A and 4.23 A, respectively. The morphology of the obtained powders was nodular, with particle size within the nanometric size range. | 2,008 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "116327750",
"name": "J. O. Lara"
},
{
"authorId": "145169757",
"name": "H. B. Ramírez"
}
] | null | null | 18 |
|
29407295a166f995056e8ed81a5ddfd9605292eb | {
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"DOI": "10.1080/17458080.2015.1036323",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/29407295a166f995056e8ed81a5ddfd9605292eb | A green synthesis of bis[1-(hydroxy-κO)-2(1H)-pyridinethionato-κS2]-(T-4)-zinc (zinc pyrithione) nanoparticles via mechanochemical milling | Particulate bis[1-(hydroxy-κO)-2(1H)-pyridinethionato-κS2]-(T-4)-zinc (zinc pyrithione; ZPT) in the diameter range 0.5–0.7 µm is a US FDA-approved anti-dandruff active widely used in anti-dandruff shampoos. A nanoparticulate form of ZPT is expected to exhibit a higher activity, be distributed more effectively on the scalp, require less thickening agent in the shampoo formulation to ensure its stability against settling than the standard form of ZPT, and would enable clear anti-dandruff shampoo formulations. We demonstrate, for the first time, that a green, mechanochemical nanoparticle synthesis process can be used to prepare nanoparticulate ZPT from zinc chloride and sodium pyrithione monohydrate. Both a Reeves attrition mill and a Retsch MixerMill were found to be effective tools for delivering the mechanical energy needed for the conversion. The infrared spectra and X-ray powder diffraction patterns for the products correspond to those for the known desired material. Transmission electron microscopic analysis indicates that ZPT nanoparticles with primary particle diameters in the range of 20–200 nm (mean diameters of 65–100 nm) can be obtained via this method. | 2,016 | 4 | null | [
{
"authorId": "13083006",
"name": "T. Kalantar"
},
{
"authorId": "50368267",
"name": "P. Foley"
},
{
"authorId": "1881451",
"name": "C. Tucker"
},
{
"authorId": "93249323",
"name": "M. Felix"
},
{
"authorId": "14820051",
"name": "S. Rozeveld"
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{
"authorId": "144467739",
"name": "J. Harris"
},
{
"authorId": "65969673",
"name": "C. Crowder"
},
{
"authorId": "87484514",
"name": "K. E. Howard"
}
] | null | null | 19 |
|
2fecd2c774eb9b9ad65b9d123061f2700444b880 | {
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"DOI": "10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.336-338.1833",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2fecd2c774eb9b9ad65b9d123061f2700444b880 | Making Fluorophlogopite Ceramics through Ceramic Processing | Fluorophlogopite ceramics, which possesses very good machinability, high electrical resistance and high dielectric strength, is very difficult to be sintered to fully dense state. It is usually made through glass-ceramics processing. In this paper the effects of particle size distribution and sintering agents on sintering of fluorophlogopite ceramics are investigated. The study concludes that dense fluorophlogopite ceramics can be produced through ceramic processing, including careful synthesis of fluorophlogopite powder as raw material, grinding with attrition mill, and pressureless sintering with the help of plumbum contained boron silicate glass as sintering agent in the temperature range of 1100 to 1200°C. | 2,007 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "118020158",
"name": "M. Li"
}
] | null | null | 20 |
|
30a60bcb5858fa36eb7702417ee47008fc9d3b2c | {
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"DOI": "10.1109/ISAF.2013.6748713",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/30a60bcb5858fa36eb7702417ee47008fc9d3b2c | Electrocaloric properties of 0.7Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -0.3PbTiO 3 ceramics | The electrocaloric (EC) effect is a conversion of electrical energy to heat and may be defined as an adiabatic and reversible temperature change that occurs in a polar material upon external electric field. The aim of our work was to prepare 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (0.7PMN-0.3PT) ceramics and to study the EC temperature change (ΔT) vs. applied electric field and temperature. For the synthesis of the 0.7PMN-0.3PT bulk ceramics, PbO, MgO, TiO2 and Nb2O5 were used. The homogenized, stoichiometric powder mixtures were mechanochemically activated in a high-energy planetary mill, and milled in an attrition mill in isopropanol. The powder compacts were sintered at 1200 °C for 2 h in double alumina crucibles in the presence of the packing powder. The ceramic was single phase perovskite, with the relative density of 97 % and a uniform microstructure with the median grain size of 1.0 μm ± 0.5 μm. In order to study the EC effect, a high resolution calorimeter was used. The observed magnitudes of the EC effect confirmed the existence of a large EC effect in this material. A characteristic peak of AT as a function of the electric field was observed near the critical point, with the AT of 2.7 K at 90 kV/cm and 430 K. | 2,013 | 2 | null | [
{
"authorId": "6682109",
"name": "M. Vrabelj"
},
{
"authorId": "5407999",
"name": "H. Uršič"
},
{
"authorId": "50405855",
"name": "B. Rožič"
},
{
"authorId": "6314001",
"name": "Z. Kutnjak"
},
{
"authorId": "6575236",
"name": "S. Drnovsek"
},
{
"authorId": "48359429",
"name": "B. Malič"
}
] | null | null | 21 |
|
32b6f8d3c6a45e8d3d11cdbe2429346cea52ca94 | {
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"DOI": "10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.539-543.860",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/32b6f8d3c6a45e8d3d11cdbe2429346cea52ca94 | Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Al Matrix Composites | We have synthesized multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced Al matrix composites. The Al/MWCNT composite powders were prepared by ball milling using pristine Al or ball-milled Al powders as starting materials. The composite powders were consolidated by a conventional cold-compaction, followed by sintering. Uniform dispersion of individual MWCNTs within the matrix was in particular a critical factor for obtaining high density and high quality Al/MWCNT composites. Compared to pristine Al powders as starting materials, the Al powders previously attrition-ball-milled with carbon-based PCA (process control agent) in an ammonia atmosphere resulted in a better distribution of carbon nanotubes within the Al matrix and a higher density after sintering. | 2,007 | 2 | null | [
{
"authorId": "1807203",
"name": "Jung-Ho Ahn"
},
{
"authorId": "2152550079",
"name": "Yan Li Wang"
},
{
"authorId": "2169549752",
"name": "Yong Jin Kim"
},
{
"authorId": "2194734627",
"name": "Sung Jin Kim"
},
{
"authorId": "30622278",
"name": "Hyungsik Chung"
}
] | null | null | 22 |
|
3574de5e685b4b440f714be4d3c9eda9da68a6c1 | {
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"DOI": "10.5075/EPFL-THESIS-3856",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3574de5e685b4b440f714be4d3c9eda9da68a6c1 | Preparation and properties of KNbO3-based piezoelectric ceramics | During the last several years, new lead-free piezoelectric materials have been developed to replace the lead-based materials, such as PZT. Presently, the family of lead-free ceramics showing the most promising piezoelectric properties is based on potassium sodium niobate (KNN). The KNN ceramics have been investigated since 1960s, but many problems arise, especially during the synthesis. Potassium and sodium based powders are moisture sensitive leading often to disintegration of samples after sintering and to moisture dependent properties. Another drawback is the poor densification during sintering. Elaborated procedures (hot pressing, special handling of powders) are needed to produce high quality KNN ceramics in a reproducible way, and their properties are inferior to those of PZT. Li, Ta and Sb modified KNN, however, were reported in 2004 to exhibit properties comparable to those of PZT. These modified compositions promise to be a new generation of environmentally safer piezoelectric materials. The goals of this thesis are to prepare selected compositions within this family and examine their properties relevant for applications in medical transducer. The emphasis of the work is on piezoelectric properties and their stability with respect to the temperature, humidity, and preparation conditions. The unmodified, and lithium (K, Na, Li)NbO3 and the lithium with tantalum modified KNN ceramics, (K, Na, Li)(Nb, Ta)O3 have been produced by the conventional solid state synthesis. The conventional processing steps have been adapted with a goal to obtain reproducible high quality samples without using complex techniques such as hot pressing or special powder handling. In particular, the particle grain size and particle size distribution have been controlled for all the steps; this control starts with the initial powders. To reduce the particle sizes the most efficient milling method has been found to be attrition milling. Another important point is the compositional homogeneity. To improve this homogeneity, a second calcination step has been added to the process. Finally, the sintering step is sensitive, the sintering temperature range in these compositions is as narrow as 5 °C and in some cases, the dwell time is reduced to minimum (several minutes) to avoid grain growth. The densities of the so-obtained ceramics are higher than 95%, but some compositional inhomogeneities have been observed in electron microscopy. The electromechanical properties at room temperature are promising for example d33 = 240 [pm/V], kt = 51%, kp = 45% with e = 919 [-] and tanδ = 2.6% for ceramics modified with 7 at% lithium, and d33 = 310 [pm/V], kt = 46%, kp = 46% with e = 829 [-] and tanδ = 2.4% for ceramics modified with 3 at% lithium and 20 at% tantalum. These properties are especially enhanced for compositions with the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition close to room temperature. Dielectric and piezoelectric (resonance, converse and direct) measurements as a function of temperature have demonstrated that the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition is strongly dependent on temperature unlike in PZT, where it is controlled primarily by the composition. The thermal behaviour of ceramics is thus influenced by the presence of the phase transition in the analysed temperature range. The thermal stability has been analysed in the perspective of medical transducers, which are subjected to sterilisation cycles up to 140 °C. A depolarisation after the first cycle has been observed for all the compositions, the smallest being for the lithium and tantalum modified KNN ceramics. After the second cycle, the properties stabilise, being the best for the compositions (K0.465Na0.465Li0.07)NbO3 and (K0.485Na0.485Li0.03)(Nb0.80Ta0.20)O3. As the enhanced piezoelectric properties of these materials are related to the presence of a phase transition, the determination of the contributions of the domain walls in either phase is then of practical importance. The intrinsic and extrinsic contributions of the piezoelectric response can be separated by analysing the piezoelectric response as a function of the applied stress (direct measurements). It has then been shown that the intrinsic contribution is always higher than the irreversible domain wall motion contribution. This latter contribution is nevertheless higher in the orthorhombic phase than in the tetragonal phase. Finally, as the potassium niobate based ceramics have shown in the past their moisture sensitivity, aging measurements have been done in different atmospheres. Surprisingly, the properties of the modified KNN ceramics studied are not found to be dependent on the moisture and only small aging has been noticed. After 100 days, the (K0.485Na0.485Li0.03)(Nb0.80Ta0.20)O3 ceramics show a decrease of the electromechanical properties below 10% and the coupling coefficient are almost stable with time. With these electromechanical properties and their time/thermal stabilities the modified KNN ceramics are promising substitutes to lead-based materials, in particular the lithium and tantalum modified ceramics. | 2,007 | 5 | null | [
{
"authorId": "94477588",
"name": "Evelyn Hollenstein"
}
] | null | null | 23 |
|
3592d32ebe819f269505740a4a0e1a3a78472aba | {
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"DOI": "10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.445.827",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3592d32ebe819f269505740a4a0e1a3a78472aba | Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of a Novel Al/Β-Al3Mg2 Nanocomposite Prepared by Mechanical Alloying Process | Complex metallic alloys (CMA) are new crystalline intermetallic phases representing an upcoming field in materials science. The β-Al3Mg2 intermetallic compound belongs to this new class of materials. Different amounts of pre-alloyed β-Al3Mg2 nanoparticles (from 0 to 20 wt.%) were mixed with aluminum matrix powder and then co-milled in attrition ball mill for 10 hours. Consolidated samples were prepared by hot pressing of blended composite powders. Microstructural characterization, applying an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer confirmed the formation of uniformly distributed β-Al3Mg2 nanoparticles in the matrix. Furthermore the results indicated that, increasing the amounts of β-Al3Mg2 nanoparticles leads the matrix grain size to be reduced. Effects of reinforcement contents on mechanical properties of nanocomposite samples were also investigated via hardness, compressive and wear tests. The results revealed that with increasing reinforcement content in the matrix, mentioned attributes of the composites are significantly improved. | 2,012 | 1 | null | [
{
"authorId": "87469424",
"name": "R. Khosroshahi"
},
{
"authorId": "31144093",
"name": "A. Zolriasatein"
},
{
"authorId": "152549017",
"name": "M. Emamy"
},
{
"authorId": "22526276",
"name": "N. Nemati"
}
] | null | null | 24 |
|
36d2e88835b25f897a40a306a5d9ea17e971cb4e | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36d2e88835b25f897a40a306a5d9ea17e971cb4e | EFFECTS OF COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS PROCESSING AND PARTICLE SIZE ON (Y1-m-nCemGdn)2SiO5 PHOSPHOR | The blue-emitting phosphor, yttrium silicate activated with cerium (Y1-mCem)2SiO5, was produced by combustion synthesis. The effect of particle size and processing conditions on the cathodoluminescence efficiency was investigated. Thermodynamic modeling of the combustion reaction shows that as the fuel-to-oxidizer ratio increased, the amount of gases produced by the reaction also increased. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope micrographs show an increase in the crystallite size with increasing fuel amount. Powders annealed at 1350°C for 1 hour were settled in deionized H2O and attrition milled to determine the effect of particle size on the efficiency. The efficiency of the settled powders was not found to be dependent on the particle size. The efficiency of the milled powders decreased with increasing milling time. | 2,001 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "14522019",
"name": "E. Bosze"
},
{
"authorId": "143604978",
"name": "J. McKittrick"
},
{
"authorId": "38944968",
"name": "G. Hirata"
},
{
"authorId": "33352004",
"name": "L. Shea"
}
] | null | null | 25 |
|
36f29a4f79c5ec4318ff63b15279fb7776e12135 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36f29a4f79c5ec4318ff63b15279fb7776e12135 | Synthesis Method of Nano-Chemical Manganese Dioxide by Recycle Process for Cathode material used in Secondary Battery | The present invention is crushed into the manganese dioxide seed of nanopowders industrial manganese carbonate (MnCO At this time, by recycling the reaction filtrate (solution) separated in order to obtain a powdery primary manganese dioxide (CMD1), by utilizing the reaction mother liquid for the preparation of secondary and tertiary manganese dioxide (CMD2 and CMD3), manganese dioxide in the total reaction process and so that the yield can be improved, and charging of the lithium rechargeable battery also to mass production of the manganese dioxide, as well, and for use as the positive electrode material precursor (前驅 體) of the lithium secondary battery, using them as a cathode material, secondary battery positive electrode by using a recycle process so that the discharge efficiency can be further improved damper nano manganese dioxide (CMD) relates to a process for producing the same. The technical configuration, a) further comprising: manganese dioxide jongjaeul produced by cooling was continued for 30 minutes ~ 10 hours industrial manganese carbonate at a temperature of 300 ~ 450 ℃ under Air atmosphere; b) wherein a) the manganese dioxide produced in step jongjaeul control tree illustration mill (attrition mill) a plurality of ceramic balls (zirconia ball) for rubbing against the manganese dioxide pulverized by a pulverizer 20 ~ 30wt% To 62wt% distilled water and 8 ~ 18wt% blend was pulverized, and the step of making a powdery manganese dioxide seed drying the pulverized product to remove the ceramic balls; c) the use of a stirrer the pulverized manganese dioxide Mixing the mixture at a constant temperature inside the stirrer seeds and sulfuric acid; d) In addition, the step of using a stirring mixture of manganese sulfate and deionized water mixed at a constant temperature within the stirrer; e) In addition, a step of using a stirring mixture of sodium chlorite and mixed with distilled water at a constant temperature within the stirrer; f) step of mixing the mixture of step c) and step d) at a constant first temperature; g) step of first separating the drive CMD1 and the reaction filtrate f) e with a mixture of phase) were mixed and stirred with a mixture of a predetermined temperature step in this solid-liquid separator; h) step of the inside of the reaction filtrate of the solid-liquid separated a predetermined temperature c) and step e) after mixing and stirring the mixture of step at a constant temperature in the solid-liquid separating this second drive CMD2 the reaction filtrate from solid-liquid separator; i) wherein h) the ends of the again the reaction filtrate was separated from the solid-liquid separation process, recycle the filtrate in step h), mixing the mixture again in the step c) and e) phase inside the recycled reaction filtrate at a constant temperature, and It is to be prepared, including a base; after stirring it into the solid-liquid separating three drive CMD3 and reaction filtrate from solid-liquid separator. | 2,013 | 0 | null | [
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"name": "조해란"
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39b6ec57960a657e0d58878c9a90bbe49e96be1c | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/39b6ec57960a657e0d58878c9a90bbe49e96be1c | Robust Immobilized Amine CO2 Sorbent Pellets Utilizing a Poly(Chloroprene) Polymer Binder and Fly Ash Additive | Pelletization of ca. 50 wt % amine/silica carbon dioxide sorbents was achieved with the novel combination of fly ash (FA) as a strength additive and hydrophobic poly(chloroprene) (PC) as a binder. The PC content and overall synthesis procedure of these materials were optimized to produce pellets, labeled as FA/E100-S_(20/80)_12.2, with the highest ball-mill attrition resistance (<0.5 wt % by fines, 24 h) and maximum CO2 capture capacity of 1.78 mmol CO2 g−1. The strength of the pellets was attributed to hydrogen-bonding of the relatively homogeneous PC network with the interlocked FA and BIAS particles (DRIFTS, SEM-EDS). The low degradation of 3–4 % in the pellet's CO2 capture capacity under both dry TGA (7.5 h) and practical fixed-bed (6.5 h dry; 4.5 h humid,≈5 vol % H2O) CO2 adsorption–desorption conditions highlights the pellet's excellent cyclic stability. These robust pellet characteristics make PC/FA/sorbent materials promising for commercial scale, point-source CO2 capture. | 2,017 | 10 | null | [
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3e04b342e25a9676b8ee601d9a1f818e88558a85 | In situ CCVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes within a commercial ceramic foam | Consolidated nanocomposite foams containing a large quantity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within millimetre-sized pores are prepared for the first time. A commercial ceramic foam is impregnated by a 60 g L−1 slurry of a (Mg(1−x)(Co0.75Mo0.25)xO solid solution (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2) powder in ethanol. Three successive impregnations led to deposits several tens of µm thick, with a good coverage of the commercial-ceramic pore walls but without closing the pores. The materials were submitted to a CCVD treatment in H2–CH4 atmosphere in order to synthesise the CNTs. When using attrition-milled powders, the carbon is mostly in the form of nanofibres or disordered carbon rather than CNTs. Using non-milled powders produces a less-compact deposit of catalytic material with a higher adherence to the walls of the ceramic foam. After CCVD, the carbon is mostly in the form of high-quality CNTs, as when using powder beds, their quantity being 2.5 times higher. The so-obtained consolidated nanocomposite materials show a multi-scale pore structuration. | 2,005 | 27 | {
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] | http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/10381/1/Cordier_10381.pdf | oatao.univ-toulouse.fr | 28 |
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"url": "https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/boms/038/06/1539-1544"
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] | https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/boms/038/06/1539-1544 | www.ias.ac.in | 29 |
45203a0354942843899718773dde07fb59729de6 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/45203a0354942843899718773dde07fb59729de6 | Synthesis of advanced nano-composites – MCrAlY powders for high temperature applications | The developmental work contributing to the synthesis of nano-Ni powders by chemical reduction is presented; nano-crystalline Ni, Cr and Al have also been produced by attrition milling in a liquid medium using a Planetary Ball Mill. Binary and ternary alloys of these elements i.e., NiAl, AlCr, NiCr NiCrAl were then synthesised by mechanical alloying. These NiCrAl powders will be used to synthesise MCrAlY powders after doping with yttrium. Commercially used MCrAlY powders investigated had been found to be larger than 100 μm in diameter. The focus of this study is in the application of nano-composites in industrial turbines for aero-engine/power generation industry. Finer particles are expected to increase high temperature properties of the thermally sprayed MCrAlY overlay coatings. These particles were characterised using SEM; XRD measurements show the crystallite size to be less than 20 nm; the powder particle size was in the range of 200-270 nm; no undesirable particle contamination was detected. | 2,009 | 1 | null | [
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"name": "Salah Al-Swailem"
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"name": "A. Hala"
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/48686de55469a4df051691c5faf50822fa02ec92 | Two-Dimensional Metal Nitride (Mn+1Xn) MXene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Application as Energy Storage Materials | MXenes was known as potential candidates for a myriad of applications ranging from electrochemical energy storage materials (Batteries and supercapacitors), sensors, and electronic devices. Here I am proposing a new method to synthesize two dimensional metal nitride. IndexTerms – Mxenes, metal nitride, 2D materials, energy storage The energy crisis and environmental pollution have forced us to adopt electricity generated by renewable energies such as wind, solar, and water power. However, due to the intermittent nature of these renewable energies, it is imperative to develop energy storage devices for the more efficient utilization of renewable energies. MXenes, a family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, was developed by a group of researchers from Drexel University have attracted extensive research attention for energy storage in the past years because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Their general formula is Mn+1XnTx (n = 1–3), where M represents an early transition metal (such as Sc, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and so on), X is carbon and/or nitrogen and Tx stands for the surface terminations (for example, as -O, -OH, and -F). MXenes was known as potential candidates for a myriad of applications ranging from electrochemical energy storage materials (Batteries and supercapacitors), sensors, and electronic devices etc.. Among all the applications listed, most explored is their use in energy storage applications utilizing its ability to accommodate ions of various sizes between 2D layers, good electronic properties and large surface areas of MXenes. In Li-ion batteries, a steady-state capacity can be achieved when Li ions are intercalated into MXenes. Moreover, Li ions are predicted to diffuse quickly on the surface of MXenes, resulting in large storage capacity and outstanding high rate capability. Similarly supercapacitors have attracted a lot of research interest due to the high power density, rapid charging/discharging rate and long cycle life, but compared with batteries, supercapacitors suffer from lower energy density. MXene-based materials are expected to be promising candidates for supercapacitors because of above-mentioned characteristics. In contrast to carbides and carbonitrides MXenes, nitride-based MXenes possess several advantages due to their higher electronic conductivity. However, nitride-based MXenes remain unexplored due to the intricacy in the synthesis and due to their low stability in etchants such as HF. Herein we propose the synthesis of metal nitrides (MXene) (Zr, V, Cr, Hf etc.) from its 3D counterpart (Max phase). MXenes can be prepared by selectively etching the reactive “X” layers in laminated nitrides Max phase. The synthesis conditions remarkably influence the properties of the final products and thus directly affect the performances of MXenes in their applications. The most commonly used method for the synthesis of MXene flakes is by LiF + HCl etching. However, this will results MXene have a larger lateral size without nanoscale defects. Therefore, mild etching conditions are usually preferred to synthesize MXenes for energy storage applications. However, a low concentration of HF or HF-containing salt and a short etching time may reduce the yield of the desired product. Therefore, the preparation conditions must be optimized to maximize the yield and application range of MXenes. Thus through this proposal, we would like to explore various method to synthesize novel metal nitrides by adopting different approaches. The approaches are summarized below. 1. Reducing the MAX phase particle size by attrition or ball milling: Discrepancies in M-X bond energies for different MAX phases also require different etching conditions. For example, the larger Ti-Al bond energy in Ti2AlC compared with the Nb-Al bond energy in Nb2AlC resulted in extended etching time and increased HF concentration. This can effectively reduce the necessary etching time and/or HF concentration. 2. One step etching: Ammonium bifluoride, (NH4HF2), as an etchant instead of the hazardous HF. Its milder nature and concomitant intercalation of cations during the etching process render it more suitable for preparing delaminated MXenes as the etching and intercalation processes occur simultaneously. 3. Fluorine-free etching process: Using alkaline solution: Differing from the previous fluoride-containing acidic etching routes the surface terminations are only -OH and -O groups only will occur during this approach. This fluoride free method significantly reduces safety concerns and provides an alkali-etching strategy for exploring new MXenes. © 2020 JETIR August 2020, Volume 7, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR2008415 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 830 References 1. Naguib, M. et al., Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 4248–4253. 2. Xiao T., Xin G., Wenjian W., and Guoxiu W., Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 1801897 3. Bhuvaneswari S. and Benny K. G., ACS Nano, 2017, 11, 8892−8900. 4. Urbankowsk P., Anasor B., Makaryan T., Er, D, Kota S.,Walsh L. P., Zhao M., Shenoy V. B., Barsoum M. W. and Gogotsi Y. Nanoscale, 2016, 8, 11385−11391. 5. Babak A., Maria R. L. and Yury G., Nature Rev., Mater., 2017, 2, 16098. 6. Kai H., Zhongjun L., Jing L., Gang H. and Peng H. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2018,47, 5109. | 2,020 | 0 | null | [
{
"authorId": "11940918",
"name": "Sanoop Paulose"
}
] | null | null | 31 |
|
4fd851b46f0d14415d36a8540c302ace272d1916 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4fd851b46f0d14415d36a8540c302ace272d1916 | Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposite HA/α-Al2O3 Sol-Gel Powders for Biomedical Applications | The calcium phosphate nanostructured bioceramics and nanocomposites with calcium phosphate matrix are subjects of research and have raised scientific, political, industrial and commercial interest because these biomaterials present differentiated properties from microporosity, bioactivity and cell adhesion on the surface of grain and micropores compared to conventional biomaterials. This work aimed at the wet synthesis of a nanostructured hydroxyapatite bone matrix for subsequent preparation of nanocomposite hydroxyapatite/α-Al2O3 sol-gel powders, at concentrations 1, 2, 3 and 5% in volume of nanocrystalline α-Al2O3 dispersed in inter-intragranular position in the hydroxyapatite matrix. The method used for the preparation of HA/α-Al2O3 nanocomposite powders was high-energy attrition milling. This method allows obtaining nanocomposite powders formed by fine particles with sizes smaller than 100nm. The technique of scanning electron microscopy served for observation of morphology, microstructure and nanostructure. The X-ray diffractometry, laser particle analysis method and differential thermal analysis technique were used to identify the phases, particle sizes and thermal behavior for nanostructured powders retrieved from the attrition milling. | 2,014 | 0 | null | [
{
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"name": "P. F. Franczak"
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507c28ce0a46aa92ceb5f802fafb9fff93d2e7cd | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/507c28ce0a46aa92ceb5f802fafb9fff93d2e7cd | Solventless Synthesis of MOFs at High Pressure | Besides the substitution or minimization of the use of harmful solvents, one essential goal of chemistry is to try to avoid their use altogether whenever possible. In the case of the synthesis of MOFs (metal–organic frameworks), this can only be achieved by finding alternatives to conventional processes. An example is the approach described here which involves working at high pressure (at 0.31 GPa) without using a solvent. This has evident advantages over mechanochemical synthesis by grinding or milling (also a solventless process) where the sample is submitted to attrition. The present paper reports the simple high pressure synthesis of the ZIF (zeolitic imizadolate framework) ZIF-8. This methodology enables fast synthesis of MOF materials and offers new insights into their industrial implementation. In addition, this technique could be applied to the synthesis of other MOFs and even COFs (covalent organic frameworks). | 2,016 | 40 | null | [
{
"authorId": "16070994",
"name": "Lorena Paseta"
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{
"authorId": "13023888",
"name": "G. Potier"
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{
"authorId": "15141987",
"name": "Sara Sorribas"
},
{
"authorId": "145420589",
"name": "J. Coronas"
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] | null | null | 33 |
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50e871df75a962b0e479383cc84fc5f8474d1626 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50e871df75a962b0e479383cc84fc5f8474d1626 | Mechanical Behaviour of Hard Ceramic Based Composites Obtained from SHS Powders | TiC-TiB2-Al2O3, TiC-TiB2-Ni composites were prepared by hot pressing. The raw materials used were obtained by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS). These materials will be evaluated as possible candidates to produce cutting tools. The SHS process gives the possibility to obtain materials at very low cost. In these cases TiC, TiB2 were synthesized from TiO2, B2O3 and C, using Al or Mg as reducing agent. In the first case, Al2O3 is the third phase of the composite, and in the second one MgO has been lixiviated, after the synthesis, using HCl. Nearly fully densified materials obtained were characterized microstructurally by SEM and mechanically through elastic modulus, Vickers microhardness and fracture toughness measurements. Some commercial available cutting tools based on these materials were also characterized in order to compare with materials obtained by this low cost way. From the experimental results it can be concluded that materials obtained from SHS powders show similar mechanical behavior that commercial ones and sometimes values of KIC as high as 6.4 MPam 1/2 were reached. Introduction Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) is a low cost process to obtain ceramic based composites [1]. Usually synthesis of these materials is carried out using high temperature furnaces. This way is expensive mainly because high temperatures and long times are required. SHS process requires minimum energy consumption and low cost raw materials can be used in order to synthesize ceramic materials. Also its high productivity and low cost of reactors make this technology a great candidate to substitute for classical routes for the synthesis of a lot of ceramic and intermetallic materials. In this work TiB2-TiC based materials have been synthesized by SHS using two routes, and processed powders were sintered by Hot Pressing in argon atmosphere. The compositions studied in this paper are candidates to be used as dispersed hard phases in MMC (metal matrix composites) or directly, after sintering, as materials to be used for wear resistant components or cutting tools. Experimental Synthesis was carried out considering the following reactions: (1+y) TiO2 + y B2O3 + 2/3 (2+3y) Al + C → TiC + y TiB2 + (2+3y)/3 Al2O3 (1) (1+y) TiO2 + y B2O3 + (2+3y) Mg + C → TiC + y TiB2 + (2+3y) MgO (2) Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-05-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 264-268, pp 1025-1028 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.264-268.1025 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,18:14:10) Raw materials used were: TiO2 (Anatase. Quimialmel. Spain). D50= 0.5 μm. Purity > 99%. B2O3 (CPH. Netherland). D90< 90 μm. Purity > 99%. Al (Alcoa. U.S.A.). D90< 30 μm. Purity > 99%. Mg (AMP, Luxemburg). D50= 180 μm. Purity > 99.5%. C (Sofacel . France). D50= 1.7 μm. Purity > 99%. Raw materials were weighted in order to reach TiC/TiB2 = 60/40 ratio. Powders were dry mixed and introduced (400 gr) in the SHS reactor on a graphite boat. The reactor was purged with Ar in order to reach an atmosphere free from oxygen. Reaction was ignited with a W coil (0.5 mm. in diameter) using a 20 volt DC source during 5 seconds. When Mg was used as reactant, the initial pressure of the reactor was 10 atm. to avoid evaporation of the metal. For the alumina based compositions, the desired ratio was Al2O3 / TiC-TiB2 = 70/30, higher than the one obtained from reaction (1), α-alumina (CT-3000 SG, Alcoa Co. USA) was added during attrition milling. Other additives like Ni (10 %) and MoC (5%) used as metal matrix and wetting additive, and TiH2 (3 %) as liquid phase sintering additive, were also added during attrition milling. Considering these additions, compositions or each material were: TiC-TiB2-Al2O3 was 18 %, 12% and 70% in weight respectively. TiC-TiB2-Al2O3-TiH2 was 17.5%, 11.6%, 67.9% and 3% in weight respectively. TiC-TiB2-Ni-MoC was 51%, 34%, 10% and 5% in weight respectively. Obtained cakes were crushed and milled by attrition using Si3N4 balls, using isopropyl alcohol as medium, up to an average particle smaller than 2 μm. Slurry was dried and powders 60 μm. sieved. Obtained powders were introduced in a 50 mm in diameter graphite dye and hot pressed. Sintering temperatures were 1800 oC for compositions with Al2O3 and 1500 oC for composition with Ni. In all cases the heating rate was 10 oC/min and the applied pressure was 25 MPa. Density was measured by the Archimedes method. The mechanical properties of the composite materials were studied by means of indentation test. For testing purposes ten samples were dipped into a resin and then polished until bright. In order to carry out the hardness and toughness measurements, a Vickers indenter and a Leco microhardness tester were used. Loads of 200 N were applied for 15 s. In all cases the experimental errors evaluated were lower than 5%. For Young’s Modulus evaluation Knoop indentation was used. From the patterns, i.e. from the measurements of the indentation semi-diagonals (a) and crack length (c) (Fig. 1), the hardness and toughness values were computed, applying the equations of Nihiara et al. [2]. Polished samples were studied by Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Results and Discussion Table I shows the results obtained for density, hardness (Hv), Young modulus (E) and Toughness (KIC) of the different sintered composites. 1026 Euro Ceramics VIII | 2,004 | 5 | null | [
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52424dd26aa8bf5acdec339fc70aac3efbee0413 | Synthesis of sea urchin-like carbon nanotubes on nano-diamond powder. | Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have unique atomic structure and properties, such as a high aspect ratio and high mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. On the other hand, the agglomeration and entanglement of CNTs restrict their applications. Sea urchin-like multiwalled carbon nanotubes, which have a small aspect ratio, can minimize the problem of dispersion. The high hardness, thermal conductivity and chemical inertness of the nano-diamond powder make it suitable for a wide range of applications in the mechanical and electronic fields. CNTs were synthesized on nano-diamond powder by thermal CVD to fabricate a filler with suitable mechanical properties and chemical stability. This paper reports the growth of CNTs with a sea urchin-like structure on the surface of the nano-diamond powder. Nano-diamond powders were dispersed in an attritional milling system using zirconia beads in ethanol. After the milling process, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) was added as a linker. Silanization was performed between the nano-diamond particles and the metal catalyst. Iron chloride was used as a catalyst for the fabrication of the CNTs. After drying, catalyst-attached nano-diamond powders could be achieved. The growth of the carbon nanotubes was carried out by CVD. The CNT morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mean diameter and length of the CNTs were 201 nm and 3.25 microm, respectively. | Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology | 2,012 | 4 | null | [
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577c33f67560a1549bb2ef6121e056f2ebee81f0 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/577c33f67560a1549bb2ef6121e056f2ebee81f0 | Influence of mechanical activation on the synthesis of Sr-Celsian employing a precursor mixture containing coal fly ash | Strontium aluminosilicate, SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 (SAS), especially in its monoclinic polymorphic form known as Sr-Celsian, is a very interesting material due to its high resistance toward oxidation and reduction, low dielectric constant, low coefficient of thermal expansion (2.5 x 10/ C), and high melting point (|1650 C) (1-4), and because it is potentially useful as a matrix for ceramic composites with applications at high temperatures (5). However, a hexagonal polymorphic form known as Sr-Hexacelsian tends to be the first phase to appear during the synthesis of SAS, tending to remain metastably at low temperatures. Sr-Hexacelsian is an undesirable phase due to its high coefficient of thermal expansion (8 x 10/ C) (1, 6), and because it undergoes a reversible transformation into an orthorhombic form in the temperature range of 600800 C, which causes a volume expansion of |3% (1), and this is associated with the generation of microcracks in the material. Some Sr-Celsian synthesis methods require costly and energy-intensive multi-step processes. For instance, some solid state reaction processes require the employment of temperatures of at least |1200 C in order to attain full Sr-Hexacelsian to Sr-Celsian conversion (4, 7). Similarly, the glass-ceramics route requires the use of melting temperatures of |2000 C to obtain the initial glass, which is subsequently Strontium aluminosilicate, SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 (SAS), was synthesized by a solid state reaction using coal fly ash (CFA) as main raw material. A precursor mixture of SrCO 3 , CFA and Al 2 O 3 was mechanically-activated for times of up to 12 h using an attrition mill, and subsequently sintered at temperatures of 900-1300 °C. The CFA and the mechanical activation were employed with the aim to promote the transformation from the hexagonal (Sr-Hexacelsian) into the monoclinic (Sr-Celsian) polymorphic form of SAS, since the latter phase is associated with better physical and mechanical properties but the former tends to be the first one to appear. The mean particle size, the crystallite size and the temperature at the end of the curve of weight loss (T f ) decreased, while the specific surface area and the degree of amorphization increased, with increasing milling time. Samples milled for at least 4 h and then sintered at 1100 °C achieved full transformation into Sr-Celsian. The same result was obtained for sintering temperatures higher than 1100 °C, independently of milling time. An increment in both the milling time and the sintering temperature allowed us to improve the densification and the mechanical properties of the synthesized materials. | 2,013 | 2 | null | [
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5cf08f41ce3d3ea9eff3e295d04b8574046c8f0c | Thermoelectric properties of barium doped calcium cobaltite obtained by simplified chemical route | The dissipation of energy in the form of heat in automobiles, aircraft turbines, power plants, and factories is hardly recovered since there are several dissipative sources spread throughout the planet. This dissipation accounts for about 70% of the primary energy produced [1, 2]. To minimize this problem, thermal-electric energy converters can be used to partially recover this energy and increase the efficiency of the system. Thus, locally, it is possible to have a thermoelectric generator (TEG) made of semiconducting materials, fitting perfectly into this scenario. The classic thermoelectric generators are produced from intermetallic compounds, such as lead and bismuth tellurides, and silicongermanium. The extent of their application is limited by some factors: decomposition at relatively low temperatures, low availability of precursors, high toxicity, and cost. Therefore, it has been preferred to use thermoelectric oxides to act as charge carriers, because they avoid most of the intermetallic compound limitations [2]. In 1997, the discovery of the thermoelectric (TE) properties of sodium cobaltite (NaCo2O4) opened the way to the development of polycrystalline oxides capable of converting waste heat into usable energy [3]. Several high-performance thermoelectric oxides such as Ca3Co4O9 [4], CaMnO3 [5], SrTiO3 [6], and donor-doped ZnO [7] were produced and improved. Among these materials, layered cobalt oxide Ca3Co4O9, a CoO2based oxide, has been the concern of many studies since it is a p-type semiconductor with wide application in the conversion of residual thermal energy. Ca3Co4O9 structure consists of alternating layers of a distorted CaO-CoO-CaO rock salt-type layer (RS) and a CdI2-type CoO2 layer stacked in the direction of the c-axis. The bulk ceramics combine a high Seebeck coefficient around 125 μV.K-1 [4] with a relatively high electrical conductivity at room temperature. Many approaches regarding the enhancement of TE performance of calcium cobaltite (CCO) are conveyed through doping with alkaline metals [8, 9], alkaline earth metals [10-13], transition metals [14, 15], and/or rareearth metals [16] at Ca site. A comparison between some synthetic routes in the obtention of Ca3Co4O9 phase shows that attrition milling and chemical methods produce very reactive precursors, reflected in the decomposition of CaCO3 after a single heat treatment at 1023 K for 12 h. The attrition milling and the classical solid-state methods still contain small amounts of Ca3Co2O6 phase while the chemical method can produce near pure Ca3Co4O9 phase [17]. The synthesis of calcium cobaltite by chemical route has been preferred since the reactants are mixed in stoichiometric proportions, which increases the reaction rate, allowing the obtention of a homogeneous powder with nanoscale particle size [2]. However, the synthesis of CCO ceramics with good thermoelectric properties and high density is a challenge due to the plate-like morphology of its particles, which can compromise green bodies packing and densification. Many studies have shown that the preparation methods can drastically influence the final bulk properties of CCO ceramics [17, 18], but synthesis methods have not yet been enough explored. This work consists of the evaluation Cerâmica 67 (2021) 90-97 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132021673813034 | Cerâmica | 2,021 | 4 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/63667cc538984384f763d8429375b6724acaa6d5 | Characterization and synthesis of aqueous pink-red ceramic ink for digital inkjet printing | Ceramic ink-jet printing technology in art tiles, decorated tablewares and other porcelain products has many advantages of fast and precision printing of various images with high efficiency and low cost. For the application to ink-jet printing, ceramic ink requires a stable dispersibility with nano-sized pigments. In this paper, characteristics of pink-red aqueous ceramic ink for ink-jet printing was demonstrated. CaCr0.1Sn0.8SiO5 pigment was synthesized using solid state reaction and deagglomerated using attrition milling. The aqueous ceramic ink contains 10 wt% of the obtained CaCr0.1Sn0.8SiO5 nanopigment with 0.4 wt% of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a dispersion agent. Viscosity of CaCr0.1Sn0.8SiO5 aqueous ceramic ink was adjusted using 0.18 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for a suitable jetting from the nozzle. The prepared pink-red ceramic ink showed a good jetting property with formation of a single sphere-shaped droplet after 180 μs without a tail and satellite droplet. | 2,015 | 2 | {
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/666269eec8a248a059ea24aaf527980bd440f1bc | Preparation of dense La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ with high ionic conductivity by solid-state synthesis | null | Ionics (Kiel) | 2,018 | 5 | null | [
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/683321c9409dc603abe9a5c0f11f165dd0d10084 | Synthesis and characterization of mechanical properties of boron–carbon-based superhard composites | null | Carbon letters | 2,022 | 1 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6b8d5f40652a6282b63938894b22571f633a1d8e | HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT USING VARIOUS NANO FLUIDS –A REVIEW | Heat exchanger plays a very important role in modern industry. To improve the heat transfer rate the new innovative fluid is introduced called Nanofluid to improve the overall heat transfer. Nano fluid is Nano meter sized particle such as metal, oxide, and carbide etc., dispersed into base heat transfer fluid. This review paper is on the preparation of the nanofluids. Comparison of the past research on Nanofluids. Applications of the Nanofluids. Thermal conductivity is affected by the following parameters like shape, size, clustering, collision, porous layer, melting point of nanoparticle etc., controlling this type of parameters to increase the thermal conductivity of Nano fluid. © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 25 • Bio-medical application • Drilling and lubrication • Engine cooling 4. SYNTHESIS OF NANO PARTICLES Various methods of preparing nanomaterials including Gas Condensation, Vacuum Deposition and Vaporization, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Chemical Vapor Condensation (CVC), Mechanical Attrition, Chemical Precipitation, Sol-Gel Techniques, Electrodeposition.[4] 4.1 Gas Condensation Gas condensation was the technique used to synthesize nanocrystalline metals and alloys. In this technique, a metallic material is vaporized using Joule heated refractory crucibles or electron beam evaporation devices as source for thermal evaporation. At atmosphere of 1-50 m bar. In gas evaporation, a high residual gas pressure causes the formation of ultra-fine particles size of particles are 100 nm. 4.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) In CVD process solid is deposited on a heated surface via a chemical reaction from the vapor or gas phase. In thermal CVD the reaction is activated by a high temperature above 900C. A Setup includes of gas supply system, deposition chamber and an exhaust system. There are different CVD methods. • In plasma CVD, the reaction is activated by plasma at temperatures between 300 and 700°C. • In laser CVD, pyrolysis occurs when laser thermal energy heats an absorbing substrate • In photo-laser CVD, the chemical reaction is induced by ultra violet radiation which break the chemical bond in the reactant molecules. In this process, the reaction is photon activated and deposition occurs at room temperature SiC/Si3N are the composite powder was prepared by CVD using SiH4, CH4, WF6 and H2 as a source of gas at 1400°C.(A1.2) 4.3 Chemical Vapor Condensation (CVC) Chemical vapor condensation (CVC) was developed in Germany in 1994. It involves pyrolysis of vapours of metal organic precursors in a reduced pressure atmosphere. Particles of ZrO2, Y2O3 and Nano whiskers have been produced by CVC method. A metal organic precursor is introduced in the hot zone of the reactor using mass flow controller. (A1.2)[4] 4.4 Mechanical Attrition Mechanical attrition produces its nanostructures by the structural decomposition of coarser grained structures as a result of plastic deformation. Elemental powders of Al and βSiC were prepared in a high energy ball mill. Mechanical alloying process can be carried out at room temperature. The process can be performed on both high energy mills, centrifugal type mill and vibratory type mill, and low energy tumbling mill. (A1.2)[4] High energy mills include: • Attrition Ball Mill. • Planetary Ball Mill • Vibrating Ball Mill • Low Energy Tumbling Mill • High Energy Ball Mill 5. PREPARATION OF NANOFLUIDS (A1.3)[1] 5.1 Two-Step Method. (A1.4)[5] Two-step method is the most widely used method for preparing nanofluids. Nanoparticles used in this method are first produced as dry powders by chemical or physical methods. Then, the nanosized powder will be dispersed into a fluid in the second processing step with the help of intensive magnetic force agitation, ultrasonic agitation, high-shear mixing, homogenizing, and ball milling. Lee et al. [6], Wang et al. [7] used two-step method to produce alumina nanofluids [1] Two step method is the most economic method to produce Nanofluids in large scale, because Nano powder Synthesis is techniques have already been established in industrial production levels. Due to the high surface area and surface activity, nanoparticles have the tendency to aggregate. functionality of the surfactants under high temperature is also a big concern, especially for hightemperature applications. 5.2 One-Step Method(A1.4)[5] To reduce the agglomeration of nanoparticles, Akoh et al. [8]developed a single-step direct evaporation method. This process is familiar as VEROS (Vacuum Evaporation onto a Running Oil Substrate). But it was difficult to separate nanoparticles form fluids. Eastman et al. [9]developed a modified VEROS technique, [1] Eastman et al. developed a one-step physical vapor condensation method to prepare Cu/ethylene glycol nanofluids [10]. The one-step process consists of simultaneously making and dispersing the particles in the fluid. In this method, the processes of drying, storage, transportation, and dispersion of nanoparticles are avoided, so the agglomeration of nanoparticles is minimized. One-step physical method cannot synthesize nanofluids in large scale, and the cost is also high, so the one-step chemical method is developing rapidly. Zhu et al. presented a novel one-step chemical method for preparing copper nanofluids by reducing CuSO4 5H2O with NaH2PO2 H2O in ethylene glycol under microwave irradiation [11]. there are some disadvantages for one-step method. The most important one is that the residual reactants are left in the nanofluids due to incomplete reaction or stabilization. It is difficult to elucidate the nanoparticle effect without eliminating this impurity effect. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 | 2,018 | 1 | null | [
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71f75af184fa50a9cffc7f2429ea04f61b26f33a | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71f75af184fa50a9cffc7f2429ea04f61b26f33a | Mechanical-Activation-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of SiC | Mechanical-activation-assisted combustion synthesis of SiC was conducted with PVC and/or NH4C1 as promoters. The mechanical activation of the Si-C reactants through high-energy attrition milling results in substantial decrease of the ignition temperature and the incubation time for the Si-C combustion reaction. Ultra-fineβ-SiC powders with equiaxed grains can be synthesized at the preheating temperature as low as 1050℃. The specific surface area (SSA) of the combustion synthesized SiC powders is 4.36m2/g, and the average particle size is less than 5μm. | 2,007 | 2 | null | [
{
"authorId": "95640933",
"name": "L. Zhi"
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] | null | null | 42 |
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76a429a021ad8c279c503026c4fba3712ccea1da | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76a429a021ad8c279c503026c4fba3712ccea1da | Synthesis of Nanomaterials | This book consists Top-down & Bottom-up techniques: Formation of nanostructures by mechanical milling (ball.milling) and mechanical attrition, Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), Physical vapour deposition.(PVD) thermal and e beam evaporation, Pulsed laser ablation (PLD). Chemical Routes for synthesis of. Nanomaterials: Chemical.precipitation and precipitation,chemical bath deposition (CBD), Sol-gel synthesis, Microemulsions or reverse micelles,Solvothermal synthesis, Thermolysis routes and spray pyrolysis, Optical lithography: Light sources – photo mask and alignment, Resolution in projection systems– positive and negative photo resists, Electron beam lithography ,Semiconductor.processing. Nanolithography, Nanoimprint lithography, Dip-pennanolithography. Preparation of amorphous materials, metallic glass, thermal evaporation techniques such assputtering, CVD Techniques, quenching. Glasses, theory of glass transition, glass transitiontemperature. Structure of disordered materials. Experimental techniques, electronic density ofstates. Localization phenomenon, transport, optical and dielectric properties. Characterization Techniques Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), etc | 2,019 | 0 | null | [
{
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"name": "J. Chauhan"
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] | null | null | 43 |
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79d7c0b7b315f3903690491094616f169df847a1 | Synthesis of Ag coated Cr4+/Cr3+ nanocomposites by mechanical attrition method | Here, we report an innovative technique of synthesis of stable Cr4+/Cr3+ nanocomposite coated with a thin surface layer of metallic silver. The process involves a high energy milling of CrO3 powders leading to an amorphous precursor powder. The amorphous powder is coated with a thin layer of silver by a simple chemical reduction method, followed by a heat treatment at 400 °C, which leads to the formation of recrystallized Ag coated Cr4+/Cr3+ nanocomposite. | 2,013 | 0 | null | [
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{
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"name": "Haigun Lee"
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7e293df704d3007b4df23e684bdfbcea91484752 | Influence of Water Addition on the Kinetics of Mechanochemical Synthesis of Hydroxyapatites from DCPD+CaO | Mechanosynthesis is a new possible route to obtain calcium phosphates of biological interest. In most of papers concerning the mechanosynthesis of apat ites, grinding was performed under wet conditions. The influence of the water content of the slurry on the kinetic parameters of the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate – calcium oxide reaction mechanica lly activated was investigated varying the powder-to-water ratio and the calcium-to -phosphate ratio in the powder. Ground powders before and after heating at 950°C for 2 h were analyzed by XRD. The addition of water decreases, not linearly, the reaction rate and, after he ating, increases the amount of α and βtricalcium phosphate to the detriment of hydroxyapatite for a give n calcium-to-phosphate ratio. Dry grinding seems preferable to wet grinding to obtain bioceramics with the expe ct d Ca/P ratio. Introduction Calcium phosphate or biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics can b e prepared by sintering a calcium deficient or stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (CDHA or HA respectively) obtained by precipitation or hydrothermal reaction. Mechanosynthesis is a new possible route to obtain HA or CDHA [1-3]. Mechanochemical synthesis can be performed under wet or dry conditions. Under wet conditions, a slurry of the starting materials, with a powder-to-l iquid ratio ranging generally from 10 to 40% w/w, was subjected to mechanical attrition. Under dry condit i s, starting powders are directly ground without addition of liquid. In most of papers or patents conce rni g the mechanochemical preparation of calcium phosphates, mechanosynthesis was performed under wet condition [1,2,4 and references therein]. Thus we investigated the influenc e of the water addition on the mechanochemical reaction kinetics of dicalcium phosphate dihydrat e (DCPD) with calcium oxide (CaO) (Eq. 1 with 3 ≤ x ≤ 4). 6 CaHPO4·2H2O + x CaO → Ca(6+x)(HPO4)(4-x) (PO4)6-(4-x) + (14-(4-x)) H2O (1) Materials and Methods CaO (from Aldrich) was heated at 900°C for 2 h to remove H 2O and CO2 and stored in a vacuum desiccator. After heating, median particle size d 50 was around 7 μm (d10–d90 = 2–40 μm; calculated specific surface area = 4.3 m 2 g, Mastersizer, Malvern Instruments). DCPD (from Fluka), median particle size 8 μm (1.6–27 μm; calculated specific surface area, 3.5 m 2 g) was used as received. Slurries were prepared by adding various volumes of distilled wate r (from 5 to 100 ml) to 15 g of a mixture of DCPD and CaO each weighted to obtain the desired molar calcium-to-phosphate ratio (Ca/P = 1.5, 1.6 or 1.67). They were ground in a planetary ball mill (Ret sch Instruments: porcelain Key Engineering Materials Online: 2003-12-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 254-256, pp 931-936 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.254-256.931 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,19:47:26) vial eccentricity on the rotating sun disc 3.65 cm) at a rotation ve locity of 350 rpm with 5 porcelain balls, 2.4 cm in diameter (total mass 119 g and surface area 98.5 cm2). To study the reaction kinetics, after different intervals, 200-500 μ l of the suspension was taken, filtered onto a fritted glass filtering flask (porosity 4) under vacuum, washed with acetone for water removing and dried in a stove at 37°C for 1 h. The DCPD content i the dried powder at the different intervals was determined either by differential sc nning calorimetry (DSC6 PerkinElmer), value of the enthalpy change of the endotherm between 170-210°C corresponding t the DCPD dehydration into DCPA, or by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface a r a of the DCPD peak at 5.80° θ (plane 0.2.0) after baseline subtraction [5,6]. The rate constant (k) of DCPD disappearance was given by the slope of the ln(DCPD) = f(t) plot (Figs. 1 and 2) and t he final reaction time (t f) was determined with a phenolphthalein test ( φφ test) [6]. In this test, some grains of powder are poured in water containing φφ and a pink color of the solution or of the grains indicates the presence of unreacted calcium hydroxide. After complete reaction (negative φφ test) the as-prepared powders and powders after heating at 950°C for 2 h were analyzed by XRD (Philips PW3830X, horizontal goniometer CGR, Cu K α1 = 1.5405 Å, Ni filter) from 2 to 30° θ, by 0.02°θ, 20 acquisitions, acquisition delay 500 ms. | 2,003 | 2 | null | [
{
"authorId": "1438355600",
"name": "H. El Briak-BenAbdeslam"
},
{
"authorId": "13878131",
"name": "C. Mochales"
},
{
"authorId": "7031185",
"name": "J. Planell"
},
{
"authorId": "144000146",
"name": "M. Ginebra"
},
{
"authorId": "37141852",
"name": "P. Boudeville"
}
] | null | null | 46 |
|
7f4a06c0a3f296e518e6cfc6aa18094b7de1230f | {
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"name": "Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society",
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7f4a06c0a3f296e518e6cfc6aa18094b7de1230f | Effect of precursors on the microstructure and electrical properties of Bi2Ba2Co2Ox | null | Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society | 2,017 | 7 | null | [
{
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"name": "A. Sotelo"
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{
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"name": "M. Torres"
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"name": "M. A. Madre"
},
{
"authorId": "144999929",
"name": "J. Diez"
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81fffb03eef97767514be43762be1787027f0d37 | {
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"http://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials"
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"issn": "1996-1944",
"name": "Materials",
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/81fffb03eef97767514be43762be1787027f0d37 | Solid State Processing of BCZT Piezoceramics Using Ultra Low Synthesis and Sintering Temperatures | Lead-free (Ba0.92Ca0.08) (Ti0.95 Zr0.05) O3 (BCZT) ceramics were prepared by a solid-state route (SSR) using ultra-low synthesis (700 °C/30 min and 700 °C/2 h) and sintering temperatures (from 1150 °C to 1280 °C), due to prior activation and homogenization by attrition milling of the starting high purity raw materials for 6 h before the synthesis and of the calcined powders for 3 h before the sintering. The comparison of the thermal analysis of the mixture of the starting raw materials and the same mixture after 6 h attrition milling allowed to evidence the mechanisms of activation, resulting in a significant decrease of the perovskite formation temperature (from 854 °C down to 582 °C). The secondary phases that limit the functional properties of the ceramic and their evolution with the sintering conditions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which allowed the design of a two-step sintering method to eliminate them. A pure tetragonal BCZT perovskite phase (P4mm, c/a = 1.004) and homogeneous ceramic microstructure was obtained for synthesis at 700 °C for 2 h and sintering with the use of a two-step sintering treatment (900 °C for 3 h and 1280 °C for 6 h). The best electromechanical properties achieved were d33 = 455 pC/N, kp = 35%, Qm = 155. | Materials | 2,023 | 3 | {
"status": "GOLD",
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} | [
{
"authorId": "2122895022",
"name": "Marzia Mureddu"
},
{
"authorId": "39543428",
"name": "J. Bartolomé"
},
{
"authorId": "1400999119",
"name": "S. Lopez-Esteban"
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{
"authorId": "81004810",
"name": "M. Dore"
},
{
"authorId": "90339260",
"name": "S. Enzo"
},
{
"authorId": "103409720",
"name": "Alvaro García"
},
{
"authorId": "47489112",
"name": "S. Garroni"
},
{
"authorId": "48136412",
"name": "L. Pardo"
}
] | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/3/945/pdf?version=1674194835 | www.mdpi.com | 48 |
82873bd318249b0876829924b822691387015a9f | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/82873bd318249b0876829924b822691387015a9f | Synthesis, Characterisation and Device Application of Silicon Nanoparticles produced by Mechanical Attrition | Nanostructured silicon is a promising materials for research because it serves as building blocks for nanotechnological applications, such as nano and quantum electronics, sensors and energy applications. However, many of the synthesis methods come with an increased level of sophistication, and thus the unit cost of material produced is high. The study shows that cheap and mass production of silicon nanoparticles can be achieved efficiently with a topdown process of mechanical attrition, particularly using an orbital pulveriser. The inclusion of the powder in a polymeric binder resulted in a new class of nanocomposite whose electrical properties are promising for devise applications using simple printing processes. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that the powders consist of a wide range of size and shape distribution, with large faceted particles with sizes between 1− 3μm and relatively small particles of sizes 40− 100nm. The variation of the average particle size with milling time fits well with a first order exponential decay model which was used to evaluate the limiting particle size as about 120nm. The structural properties of the nanocomposites was investigated using small angle X-ray scattering, while the electrical properties were investigated by conducting I − V measurements on a metal-nanocomposite-metal structure. Further tests for electronic properties like field effect mobilities were achieved by using the nanocomposite as the active layer in an insulated gate field effect transistor structure. Electrical characterisation reveals that the carrier injection and transport is determined by two main factors: the concentration of particles constituting the composite, and the level of external bias voltage on the structure. The nanocomposite systems show a clear percolation threshold for charge conduction. Below the percolation threshold, transport is mainly limited by the matrix or insulating binding medium. Direct tunneling and field emission (FE) are the major transport mechanism for all concentrations at low voltages, while thermally activated processes, such as hopping and thermionic emission are major contributors at low concentrations. At higher concentrations and field, Poole-Frenkel and Richardson-Schottky conduction mechanisms, resulting from barrier limiting process in the interface, of the metal contact to an interfacial insulator is dominant. Similar pronounced contribution from space charge limited current process resulting from accumulation of charges at the interface, and traps in the bulk, is pronounced at concentrations above the percolation threshold. The transistors function as ambipolar devices, where the dominance of either carrier is deteri Un ive rsi ty of Ca pe To wn mined by the sign and swing direction of the gate potential. The best transistors fabricated have a hole mobility of 2.63× 10−5cm2/V s and electron mobility 7.81× 10−7cm2/V s. ii Un ive rsi ty of Ca pe To wn | 2,009 | 3 | null | [
{
"authorId": "115442196",
"name": "A. Odo"
}
] | null | null | 49 |
|
82e658976527b736591c749b0b88bacd20238ebb | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/82e658976527b736591c749b0b88bacd20238ebb | Correlation of Catalyst Morphology with Attrition Resistance and Catalytic Activity of Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts | Three alumina based support materials for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalyst has been prepared and investigated. The three support materials were prepared in order to obtain different mechanical strengths, henceforth denoted weak, medium and strong support. Magnesium modified γ-alumina support material calcined at 950°C and 1050°C were prepared as the medium and strong support respectively, whereas the unmodified alumina was used as the weak support. The modified support materials were both prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method to obtain 10 wt .% Mg. Several batches were prepared to gain enough material for the planned experiments. Each of the support materials were subject to one crushing process in order to try to alter the particle morphology. The chosen method was determined based on the results from the specialization project. In this project, one method gave a larger change in morphology than other methods. Therefore a ball mill was the method of choice. Unprocessed samples and samples subjected to the ball mill for the three different materials were tested for attrition in an attrition rig, and characterized in terms of morphology using a particle analyzer. The different fractions were also analyzed with respect to particle morphology using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). FTS catalysts with 12 wt. % Co and 0,5 wt. % Re were prepared from the weak and the medium support materials, both unprocessed and milled fractions, using the incipient wetness impregnation. These four catalyst samples were tested for dispersion using a chemisorption experiment, and for activity and selectivity using a dedicated setup. Results from the particle analyzer showed that the morphology had not been altered as much as expected. Most change in shape occurred for the medium strength support material, but the observed alteration was much less than observed for the same experiment in the specialization project. For the weaker and stronger support, only a slight change was observed, and for the strong support material this change was in the direction of rounder particles. This is probably due to the excellent mechanical strength of the strong support, which leads to grinding of the kinks and corners of the particles and not the breakage of whole particles to smaller and more uneven fragments. With such relative small differences in morphology between the unprocessed and the milled materials, correlations of morphology with other parameters are difficult to obtain. The same correlation as from the specialization project, with rounder particles having a higher attrition resistance, was observed. A slight degree of correlation was also found between particle morphology and dispersion, where more uneven particles gave a slightly higher value of cobalt dispersion. | 2,013 | 1 | null | [
{
"authorId": "114609293",
"name": "Thomas Haukli Fiske"
}
] | null | null | 50 |
|
85cdbabf573a8d65c92e8b75af4c8e63c1a8724b | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/85cdbabf573a8d65c92e8b75af4c8e63c1a8724b | Synthesis and Characterization of W80Ni10Mo10 alloy produced by mechanical alloying | The present study aims at synthesis and characterization of nanostructured W80Ni10Mo10 (wt. %) alloy produced by mechanical alloying (MA). Elemental powders of tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo) were subjected to mechanical attrition in a high energy planetary ball-mill using chrome steel as grinding media and toluene as a process control agent. The crystallite size and lattice strain of the nanostructured powders at different stages of milling (0 h to 20h) was calculated from the X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The crystallite size of W in W80Ni10Mo10 powder was reduced from 100 μm to 55 nm at 10 h and farther reduction to 40 nm at 20 h of milling with increase in lattice strain of 0.25% at 20 h of milling. The lattice parameter of tungsten showed initial expansion upto 0.03% at 10 h of milling and then contraction upto 0.04% at 20 h of milling. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed mixed morphology of W80Ni10Mo10 powders consisting spherical and elongated particles after 20 h of milling. SEM analysis also revealed that particle size reduced from 100 μm to 2 μm with an increase in the milling time from 0 to 20 hours. The dark-field Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations revealed that the crystallite size of W in milled W80Ni10Mo10 alloy is in good agreement with calculated crystallite size from XRD. | 2,015 | 6 | {
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"url": "http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/75/1/012032/pdf"
} | [
{
"authorId": "120398506",
"name": "A. Patra"
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{
"authorId": "92555532",
"name": "S. K. Karak"
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{
"authorId": "94982352",
"name": "S. Pal"
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] | http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/75/1/012032/pdf | iopscience.iop.org | 51 |
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85fdccf92c3481184b429d5c01d31f6fada72313 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/85fdccf92c3481184b429d5c01d31f6fada72313 | MAGNESIOCHROMITE (MgCr2O4) SYNTHESIS: EFFECT OF MECHANICAL AND MICROWAVE PRETREATMENT | Magnesiochromite spinel synthesis based on oxides, hydroxides and nitrates of magnesium and chromium was investigated. The precursors reactivity was compared by means of effective rate constants calculated by Ginstling-Brounshtein equation. The possibility of use of this equation was confirmed by the dependences linearity with high linear approximation coefficients. The reactivity of MgO various forms (soft-burned, or caustic magnesite, and dead-burned, or periclase) in the spinel formation was compared. Oxide precursors (especially with the periclase participation) reacted with the substantially less rate in comparison with hydroxides and salts. The influence of a preliminary mechanical activation by impact-and-attrition (planetary mill) and attrition (ball-ring mill) action as well as a microwave treatment (2.45 GHz) was analyzed. The most positive effect of a mechanical treatment in a planetary mill that was associated with an activation of Mg and Cr compounds became apparent in the field of relatively low temperatures (700-1100 °С). For example, MgCr2O4 yield at 1000 °С and the joint impact treatment of oxides was twice as much than under the simple mixing. The subsequent temperature rising lead to some decrease of a pretreatment effect so long as diffusion coefficients in these conditions grew, so the reaction run rapidly even without a preliminary mechanical treatment. It was noticed that an appreciable reduction of MgO reactivity in the spinel formation after a certain attrition in a ball-ring mill linked to the plane sliding in cubic crystals and resulted in the removing of the most disordered and defective layer from grains and the plane surface uncovering. The combined method consisting of a mechanical treatment of magnesium and chromium nitrates mixture in a planetary mill and the subsequent burning in a thermal kiln (1000 °С) was considered as the most effective as it resulted in practically single product. The microwave treatment took up an intermediate position by the effectiveness. | 2,020 | 1 | {
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "http://journals.isuct.ru/ctj/article/download/2010/1671"
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{
"authorId": "94308772",
"name": "N. Kosenko"
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{
"authorId": "143724026",
"name": "N. V. Filatova"
},
{
"authorId": "49123541",
"name": "A. A. Egorova"
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] | http://journals.isuct.ru/ctj/article/download/2010/1671 | journals.isuct.ru | 52 |
|
8626eec81b5c2c4854f1511588a546832b83afc7 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8626eec81b5c2c4854f1511588a546832b83afc7 | Removal of Sodium Contained in Al(OH) 3 Synthesized by Bayer Process | In this study, aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) was synthesized by Bayer process and sodium contained in Al(OH)3 was removed with the acid solution such as HCl and acetic acid for the synthesis of high purity alumina. The bauxite produced in Queensland of Australia was used for the production of alumina by Bayer, and was crushed to a particle size of below 10 um by attrition mill. The crushed bauxite was treated in sodium hydroxide solution of 5 N for the elution of aluminum component. The elution of aluminum from bauxite was carried out at 140 ℃ and 3.4 atm in autoclave. The sample solution was separated to the red mud and liquid solution by filter paper. The elution of aluminum from bauxite was confirmed with changing a structure and alu- minum content in both bauxite and red mud analyzed by XRD and EDX. Aluminum contained in the separated solution was crys- tallized to Al(OH)3 with the addition of aluminum hydroxide used as the seed material. Al(OH)3 powder obtained during the crys- tallization process was purified by several times washing with distillated water. It was also confirmed that the sodium remained in Al(OH)3 powder is removed with acid solution. The purity of Al(OH)3 powder produced in this study was 99.3% and the content of sodium was reduced to approximately 0.009% after the acid treatment. | 2,012 | 1 | {
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "http://society.kisti.re.kr/sv/SV_svpsbs03V.do?method=download&cn1=JAKO201218552490493"
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{
"authorId": "2111432325",
"name": "H. Choi"
},
{
"authorId": "2109231801",
"name": "Do Hyeong Kim"
},
{
"authorId": "27890510",
"name": "N. Park"
},
{
"authorId": "46963142",
"name": "T. Lee"
},
{
"authorId": "13245120",
"name": "Misook Kang"
},
{
"authorId": "92095713",
"name": "W. Lee"
},
{
"authorId": "2111427553",
"name": "Duk Kim"
},
{
"authorId": "1390739206",
"name": "Jun Woo Park"
}
] | http://society.kisti.re.kr/sv/SV_svpsbs03V.do?method=download&cn1=JAKO201218552490493 | society.kisti.re.kr | 53 |
|
8dbd5afaa26a8a970c7ee84c9f39aa5adb782e8c | {
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"DOI": "10.4191/kcers.2010.47.2.183",
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8dbd5afaa26a8a970c7ee84c9f39aa5adb782e8c | Preparation of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9Powder by Milling of CeO2Slurry and Oxalate Precipitation | Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9(GDC20) powder was synthesized by milling of CeO2 slurry and Gd oxalate precipitation. The mixture of CeO2 powder and Gd precipitates calcined at 600 o C for 2 h showed the particle size distribution similar to that of CeO2 powder, which had been milled during the synthesis process. Attrition milling of the calcined powder with an average particle size of 0.36 μm for 2 h resulted in a decrease in the particle size to 0.24 μm. Although the milled powder consisted of small particles(<1 μm), a small amount of fine platy Gd2O3 particles, which had been survived in the milling process, was observed. Sintering of the powder compacts for 4 h showed relative densities of 80.7% at 1300 o C and 97% at 1400 o C, respectively. Densification was found to almost complete at 1500 o C, resulting in a dense and homogeneous microstructure with a relative density of 99.5%. | 2,010 | 0 | {
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://www.jkcs.or.kr/upload/pdf/SRMHB8_2010_v47n2_183.pdf"
} | [
{
"authorId": "92543304",
"name": "Soo-Man Sim"
}
] | https://www.jkcs.or.kr/upload/pdf/SRMHB8_2010_v47n2_183.pdf | www.jkcs.or.kr | 54 |
|
997591f53f8d5d5ecd5169da5526eebc468b80ff | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/997591f53f8d5d5ecd5169da5526eebc468b80ff | Effect of the Mechanical and Thermal Prehistory of Precursors on the Zinc Spinel Synthesis | Thezinc spinel (gahnite) formation by a treatment of reaction mixtures of Zn and Al oxides, hydroxides, and salts was investigated. The influence of a preliminary mechanical activation by impact (planetary mill) and attrition (ball-ring mill) action as well as a microwave treatment was analyzed. The combined method consisting of a mechanical treatment of nitrates mixture in a planetary mill and the subsequent burning in a thermal kiln was considered as the most effective as it resulted in practically single product | 2,020 | 0 | {
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "http://elib.sfu-kras.ru/bitstream/2311/135083/1/07_Kosenko.pdf"
} | [
{
"authorId": "94308772",
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{
"authorId": "143724026",
"name": "N. V. Filatova"
},
{
"authorId": "2131194856",
"name": "V. I. Rodionova"
}
] | http://elib.sfu-kras.ru/bitstream/2311/135083/1/07_Kosenko.pdf | elib.sfu-kras.ru | 55 |
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9acf9e9dd09849d5cf0ff3125dd20dced47d826d | Effect of temperature on mullite synthesis from attrition-milled pyrophyllite and α-alumina by spark plasma sintering | null | Applied Clay Science | 2,018 | 11 | null | [
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a01da04087eb0fe8cf6dc6fadeafaf2da72cdd10 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a01da04087eb0fe8cf6dc6fadeafaf2da72cdd10 | Synthesis and Characterization of Glass and Glass-Ceramic Materials of the System SiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 -BaO-Al 2 O 3 | The effect of mechanical activation on the crystallization of glasses of the system SiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 -BaO-Al 2 O 3 is investigated. The ceramic-glasses are synthesized from silica and iron-rich Ferro-Titanium-Zirconiferous (FTZ) sands available in the state of Coahuila, Mexico. The parent glass is subjected to mechanical activation in a high-energy attrition mill during 4 or 8h. Then, both milled and non-milled glasses are subjected to a thermal crystallization treatment at temperatures of 900 or 1000oC during 2 or 5h. It is found that, in the case of the thermal treatment carried out at 900°C/5h, an increment in the time employed for both the mechanical activation and the crystallization treatment enhanced the crystallization of the parent glasses and produced an increase in the compressive strength of the synthesized glass-ceramics. | 2,012 | 0 | null | [
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a02224bc7e8777671f5fce4e099f1de0522e8016 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a02224bc7e8777671f5fce4e099f1de0522e8016 | CeO₂ 슬러리 분쇄와 옥살산 침전을 이용한 Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 1.9 분말의 합성 | Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 1.9 (GDC20) powder was synthesized by milling of CeO₂ slurry and Gd oxalate precipitation. The mixture of CeO₂ powder and Gd precipitates calcined at 600℃ for 2 h showed the particle size distribution similar to that of CeO₂ powder, which had been milled during the synthesis process. Attrition milling of the calcined powder with an average particle size of 0.36 ㎛ for 2 h resulted in a decrease in the particle size to 0.24 ㎛. Although the milled powder consisted of small particles(＜1 ㎛), a small amount of fine platy Gd₂O₃ particles, which had been survived in the milling process, was observed. Sintering of the powder compacts for 4 h showed relative densities of 80.7% at 1300℃ and 97% at 1400℃, respectively. Densification was found to almost complete at 1500℃, resulting in a dense and homogeneous microstructure with a relative density of 99.5%. | 2,010 | 0 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a2334cd46839915d0e8e5cc5e6f379479647ad9b | Synthesis, characterization, and dispersion properties of hydroxyapatite prepared by mechanochemical–hydrothermal methods | Thermodynamic modeling was utilized to identify reaction conditions to prepare phase-pure hydroxyapatite particulates (HA) by mechanochemical–hydrothermal (M–H) methods using Ca(OH)2 and (NH4)2HPO4 as precursors. The resulting HA powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infra-red spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and dynamic light scattering methods. Choosing reaction conditions in the 99% yield region of the CaO–P2O5–NH4OH–H2O phase-pure equilibrium system, nearly stoichiometric and nanostructured HA powders were prepared at room temperature in as little as 1 h. The minimum time to obtain phase-pure HA was 8 h from the conventional attrition mill. As-prepared powders were found to be highly agglomerated with a mass-weighted mean diameter of 2.6 µm in deionized water and average agglomeration number (AAN) as high as 4.5 × 106. Dispersion studies revealed that the appropriate use of dispersants could reduce the mass-weighted mean diameter and AAN. In the presence of sodium polyacrylate, the mass-weighted mean diameter and AAN were 217 nm and 1600, respectively. | 2,004 | 66 | null | [
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a3837a921386fe234ff52e468259ab08856d1d92 | Hydrogen Separation Application | ABSTRACT Mixed-conducting oxide powders, BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 (BCY) and SrCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 (SCY) powders have been prepared by a solid-state reaction method. Xray diffraction patterns of the prepared powders showed the sharp peaks of the BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 and SrCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 phases. The oxide powders that were prepared by attrition milling showed rather large particles and severe necking between particles in FE-SEM images as well as residual reactant (BaCO 3 ) and secondary phases (SrCeO 3 and CeO 2 ) in XRD patterns. The oxide powders prepared using ball milling showed particles under approximately 500 nm and typical XRD patterns of the BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 and SrCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 phases. Ceramic membranes of the BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 and SrCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 phases were fabricated by the aerosol deposition method using the oxide powders synthesized. KEY WORDS : Mixed-conducting oxide(혼합전도성), Hydrogen separation(수소분리막), Membrane(막), Powder synthesis(분말합성), Aerosol deposition(에어로졸 증착) | 2,011 | 0 | null | [
{
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"name": "Kyung-Min Kang"
},
{
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"name": "Y. Yun"
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] | null | null | 60 |
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a46dbb156bcbc15e56f96ccfd36c04ea8b7e2694 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a46dbb156bcbc15e56f96ccfd36c04ea8b7e2694 | Synthesis of Novel Niobium Aluminide‐Based Composites | A reactive sintering process has been used to produce almost fully dense composites with interpenetrating networks of NbAl 3 and Al 2 O 3 . The process involves the reaction synthesis of niobium aluminides and Al 2 O 3 from compacts of intensively milled aluminum and Nb 2 O 5 powder mixtures. During carefully controlled heating under an inert atmosphere, the oxide reduction by aluminum to form niobium aluminides and Al 2 O 3 , proceeds at temperatures below the melting point of aluminum. At temperatures of >1000°C, the reaction-formed niobium aluminides and Al 2 O 3 sinter. The present paper discusses processing parameters, such as attrition milling, the heating cycle, and the metal:ceramic ratio in the starting mixture, that control microstructure development and mechanical properties. | 2,005 | 15 | null | [
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a5dcc8dad755fdf164a0016e27827813d54e9f2d | Improving Performance of the Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles by Surfactant-incorporated Wet Attrition Milling | null | Silicon | 2,021 | 9 | null | [
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"name": "C. M. Patel"
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a8fce0f92ded17d3e87d31c6791852d67873473e | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8fce0f92ded17d3e87d31c6791852d67873473e | Comparison of Ni-Zn Ferrite Powder Preparation by Combustion Reaction Using Different Synthesization Routes | Ni-Zn ferrite powders with a nominal Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composition were synthesized by combustion reaction and the effect of three different conditions of synthesis on the characteristics of the resulting powders was evaluated. Three synthesization routes were studied. The first, RCB, involved the preparation of the powder using a Pirex-type beaker heated directly on a hot plate at 480oC until self-ignition occurred. By the second route, RCC, the powder was obtained under the same synthesization condition as the RCB route, but a vitreous silica basin was used. The third route, RCCM, involved the same procedure as the RCC route, but the powder was subjected to attritive milling for 4 hours. The resulting powders, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET and Horiba, demonstrated the viability of obtaining crystalline and nanosized Ni-Zn ferrite powders by the three synthesization routes. The first route, RCB, proved to be the most favorable one to obtain powders with high surface area and, hence, smaller particle sizes. | 2,004 | 8 | null | [
{
"authorId": "1518627879",
"name": "Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo Costa"
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"name": "A.P.A. Diniz"
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"name": "M. Morelli"
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ac451a97ee4901a52b0ffe1433b5d530cfc3c50c | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ac451a97ee4901a52b0ffe1433b5d530cfc3c50c | Electrocaloric properties of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 ceramics | The electrocaloric (EC) effect is a conversion of electrical energy to heat and may be defined as an adiabatic and reversible temperature change that occurs in a polar material upon external electric field. The aim of our work was to prepare 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (0.7PMN-0.3PT) ceramics and to study the EC temperature change (ΔT) vs. applied electric field and temperature. For the synthesis of the 0.7PMN-0.3PT bulk ceramics, PbO, MgO, TiO2 and Nb2O5 were used. The homogenized, stoichiometric powder mixtures were mechanochemically activated in a high-energy planetary mill, and milled in an attrition mill in isopropanol. The powder compacts were sintered at 1200 °C for 2 h in double alumina crucibles in the presence of the packing powder. The ceramic was single phase perovskite, with the relative density of 97 % and a uniform microstructure with the median grain size of 1.0 μm ± 0.5 μm. In order to study the EC effect, a high resolution calorimeter was used. The observed magnitudes of the EC effect confirmed the existence of a large EC effect in this material. A characteristic peak of AT as a function of the electric field was observed near the critical point, with the AT of 2.7 K at 90 kV/cm and 430 K. | 2013 Joint IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectric and Workshop on Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (ISAF/PFM) | 2,013 | 0 | null | [
{
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af09660e4da2163d7216d78ff904cc1489d2d853 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/af09660e4da2163d7216d78ff904cc1489d2d853 | Slag Derived α-Sialon Ceramics and their Properties | Slag is a major waste product of metallurgical plants. There are economical and ecological desires for the reuse of this waste. In this work, Ca α-sialon powders were produced from slag based compositions by both carbothermal reduction-nitridation and self-propagating hightemperature synthesis techniques. Production of α-sialon powders by the CRN technique requires starting mixtures of slag and clay. For the SHS process, the slag powder was mixed with Si and Al metal powders and after ignition the reaction occurred in a sealed cabin with a high pressure of N2. The α-sialon powders produced by both synthesis methods were sintered by pressureless sintering and hot-pressing. The slag derived α-sialon materials demonstrated superior erosion resistance compared to commercial wear resistant materials of reaction bonded silicon carbide and silicon nitride. Introduction The high production cost of alpha sialons (α′) is one of the reasons that has limited their wider application despite highly desirable engineering properties such as high hardness, corrosion and wear resistance. One of the main production costs is that of the high-purity, synthesised silicon nitride, aluminium nitride and rare earth oxide powders used in reaction sintering, and the high firing temperatures (1600-1800°C) required. Recent studies at Monash University and Shanghai Institute of Ceramics have produced α-sialon powders by carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CRN) and by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) processes. A major starting material used in these processes is slag powders received from two steelmaking companies in Australia and China. Slag is a by-product of steelmaking and is produced in large quantities on a daily basis. Recycling of industrial wastes is becoming increasingly important for environmentally sustainable manufacturing. Blast furnace-slags have been used to produce cement and glass [1, 2], but there has been little effort in using slag to make advanced ceramics. Although the exact compositions of slag may vary in different plants, the basic composition of slag from a blast furnace contains CaO, MgO, SiO2 and Al2O3. Silicon and aluminium are two major constituents in sialon ceramics, and calcium and magnesium are effective stabilisers for α-sialon phases [3, 4]. Sialons are solid solutions and thus can accommodate certain variations in starting composition. This paper summarises our recent work on preparation of α-sialon powders and bulk materials from slag-based starting materials. Experimental Two types of steelmaking slags were used and their compositions are shown in Table 1. The CRN process. Mixtures of slag:clay ratio varying from 0.2:1 to 3.3:1 (molar ratio) were fired in an alumina tube furnace at 1450°C for 12 hours in N2 flowing at 30 l/hr. Slag powder A was used for this study. The predominant phases in the clay are kaolinite (2SiO2.Al2O3.2H2O) and SiO2 quartz, which give a total SiO2 content 53%, Al2O3 30%, with Fe2O3 and TiO2 being the main impurities. Carbon black was set at 25% of the total batch mass. A small addition of α-Si3N4 ( up to 7 wt%) was added to the mix as a ‘seed’ in the samples. 15g batches were wet mixed in isopropanol, dried, and uniaxially pressed into pellets 1cm diameter and 1cm high at 15MPa prior to the CRN treatment. Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-05-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 264-268, pp 781-786 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.264-268.781 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,18:13:55) Table 1. Chemical compositions of two slag powders used (wt%) CaO MgO Al2O3 SiO2 SO3 Fe2O3 Others* A 39.46 6.19 12.94 33.06 3.22 0.18 4.95 B 39.76 9.18 14.04 34.48 1.36 0.52 0.66 * Others include Na2O, TiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, and MnO (all <1wt%). The SHS process. The nominal composition of α-sialon was designed as Ca0.71Mg0.23Si9.18Al2.82O0.94N15.06. In addition to the slag powder B, the starting mixture contained Si (Si>98wt%, 30μm) and Al (Al>98wt%, 25μm). Small amounts of Si3N4 and AlN powders were used as seeds for the SHS process and were counted into the nominal composition of α-sialon. The mixed powder was put into a graphite crucible and covered with a top layer of titanium powder. A tungsten-heating coil was energised to ignite the Ti powder, which then induced the spontaneous SHS process. The whole reaction was held in a sealed vessel which was under a high pressure of N2. The resulting powders were attrition milled for 8 h. Densification and characterisation. Powders synthesised by the two processes were studied by XRD for phase analysis and SEM for microstructural analysis. They were hot-pressed or pressureless sintered at different temperatures in flowing N2 in graphite furnaces. Hardness and indentation fracture toughness were measured using a Vickers diamond indenter under a load of 100 N. Strength was measured by three-point bending of rectangular bars of 4x4x40mm. The erosion tests were carried out in a gas-blast type erosion test rig, which has previously been described in detail [5]. The erodent particle used was commercial grade SiC grits with a size distribution between 210-500μm (mean 388μm). The test conditions were as follows: the sample-nozzle stand off distance was 13.8 mm; the particle velocity 20m/s and the impact angle 90o. Weight loss from the target materials was measured using an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.1mg. Cumulative weight loss was plotted as a function of the amount of erodent impacting on the materials surface. Results and Discussion α-Sialon powders synthesized by the CRN process. After carbothermal reduction and nitridation at 1450°C, reasonably pure α-sialon powders could be formed from two compositions, 0.2:1 slag:clay (designated K02) and 0.6:1 (K06). An XRD trace of K06 is shown in Figure 1. In K06, minor traces of AlN and E phase (CaAlSiN3) were present. Small unidentified peaks remained in the traces. Increasing the slag content beyond 0.6:1 produced an increasing amount of E phase at the expense of α-sialon. XRD analysis of the powders at intermediate stages of the firing schedule showed that reactions proceeded in three stages with increasing temperature: i) low temperature reactions between oxide batch materials; ii) early stage CRN at 1300-1450°C where the first nitrogen-containing phases β-sialon and M-phase (Ca2AlSi3O2N5) were formed from the amorphous melt; and iii) final stage CRN where the amorphous melted and the transient oxynitride phases further reacted with N2 to produce Ca α-sialon, AlN and E phase. Extending the firing time at 1450°C showed that the E-phase is a metastable product, and further transformation to α-sialon was possible. SEM analysis of the CRN powders showed that the α-sialon powders from K02 and K06 were equiaxed in morphology, and had a size of ~1μm (Figure 2). E-phase in the high slag powders had a plate-like morphology with the plates >10μm in diameter and 1μm thick. Chemical analysis via EDXS showed that the α-sialon was stabilised only by calcium. None of the other possible stabilising elements present as impurities in the raw minerals, including Mg, were detected in the αsialon lattice. The Si:Al:Ca peak height ratio was ~4:2:1, showing a reasonably high Al content for the α-sialon phase. Grains of AlN were also identified, and so were large and irregular FeS particles and small TiN inclusions. Other impurities were found in the grain boundary glass phase, including Na, Mg, Fe, and Ca. 782 Euro Ceramics VIII | 2,004 | 6 | null | [
{
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"name": "Yi-Bing Cheng"
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"name": "M. Terner"
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{
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"name": "W.W. Chen"
},
{
"authorId": "1913833",
"name": "Pei-ling Wang"
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b56c91de9c2d47535883387135687def5159e967 | Mechanochemical Synthesis of BaTiO3 from TiO2 and BaCO3 | Mechanochemical synthesis of BaTiO 3 from a powder mixture of BaCO 3 and TiO 2 was investigated. An attrition type of milling apparatus was used. It was found that the mechanochemical reaction was strongly dependent on the size combination of the respective two materials. By milling a powder mixture of BaCO 3 (50nm) and TiO 2 (7nm), the single phase BaTiO 3 was synthesized after milling for only 15mm. On the other hand, the reaction was not well promoted by the milling of a mixture of BaCO 3 (50nm) and TiO 2 (70nm). | 2,006 | 0 | null | [
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{
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"name": "H. Abe"
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{
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"name": "M. Naito"
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{
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{
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b5bc09ed5eb11a0641ab5a19e970a11c17551918 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b5bc09ed5eb11a0641ab5a19e970a11c17551918 | Synthesis and Densification of CNTs/Fe/Al2O3 Nanocomposite Powders by Chemical Vapor Deposition | CNTs/Fe/Al2O3 nanocomposites were prepared by thermal CVD and SPS methods. The dispersion of CNTs in the Fe/Al2O3 matrix were controlled by an attrition milling process. FESEM analysis revealed that the CNTs of 5 vol.% were homogeneously dispersed in the Fe/Al2O3. The effects of CNTs dispersion on the mechanical and electrical properties of the specimens were investigated. Fracture strength and electrical conductivity of 5 vol.% CNTs/Fe/Al2O3 specimen were measured at 641 MPa and 2.93 10-11 mS/m, whereas that of a 20 vol.% CNTs/Fe/Al2O3 specimen were 208 MPa and 8.46 10-7 mS/m, respectively. In comparison with an Al2O3 monolith, the specimen with 5 vol.% CNTs showed enhanced fracture strength and increased electrical conductivity. | 2,006 | 8 | null | [
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"name": "H.J. Wang"
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{
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{
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] | null | null | 68 |
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b746524214fc3755530fcb13211117a2b576cc90 | XIV INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “PROBLEMS OF SOLVATION AND COMPLEX FORMATION IN SOLUTIONS” The Regulation of Spinel Precursors Reactivity by Means of a Mechanical and a Microwave Treatment | Nickel aluminate spinel synthesis from oxides, hydroxides and nitrates of nickel and aluminum was investigated. The precursors reactivity was compared by means of effective rate constants. Oxide precursors reacted with the substantially less rate in comparison with hydroxides and salts. The influence of a preliminary mechanical activation by mainly impact (planetary mill) and attrition (ball-ring mill) action as well as a microwave treatment (2.45 GHz) was analyzed. The combined method consisted of a mechanical treatment of Ni and Al nitrates mixture in a planetary mill and the subsequent burning in a thermal oven was considered as the most effective because it resulted in the practically single product. The microwave treatment took up an intermediate position by the effectiveness. The maximum yield was under using nickel and aluminum nitrates as precursors. Structural characteristics, UV-visible and FTIR spectra, specific surface area, and pore size of NiAl2O4 were analyzed. | 2,022 | 0 | null | [
{
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"name": "N. Filatova"
},
{
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"name": "N. Kosenko"
},
{
"authorId": "2090617957",
"name": "O. Denisova"
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] | null | null | 69 |
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baa0fa1ffd4609023c69f34c1c7f7c89db60b081 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/baa0fa1ffd4609023c69f34c1c7f7c89db60b081 | Dispersion and Grinding of Oxide Powders into an Aqueous Slurry | The present paper deals with a comprehensive analysis of the dispersion behavior of oxide powders to determine accurate conditions for mixing and grinding dense slurries without the use of steric dispersing agents. The experimental support of the work was the synthesis of (Zr,Sn)TiO4 microwave dielectric ceramics by the solid-state reaction of raw materials mixed and ground by attrition milling. Zeta potential measurements were performed on the raw materials versus pH to determine the optimum pH of the slurry, allowing a good dispersion of all the species: the absolute value of the zeta potential of every powder >20 mV, with all potentials having the same sign. During the grinding process, as the surface of the materials increases due to the breakup of the grains, surface reaction occurs with the dispersion liquid, and pH must be continuously adjusted to be maintained at an adequate level. We have correlated these characterizations of the optimal processing conditions with the rheological behavior of the slurries, thus providing an analysis of the flocculated or deflocculated state. When applied to synthesizing (Zr,Sn)TiO4 microwave dielectric ceramics, these conclusions made it possible to produce reproducible resonators with a k= 37 dielectric constant and characterized by a quality factor, Q×F > 60 000 GHz measured at 3 GHz, the highest value reported for this composition. | 2,004 | 40 | null | [
{
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"name": "J. E. Fallah"
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{
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"name": "J. Haussonne"
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bf6965c744b10761ca9d99c212c8d7319ba89f61 | NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPMENT OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND BIOMATERIALS | NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPMENT OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND BIOMATERIALS The nanometric materials and technologies resulted in nanostructures are reviewed. The examples of nanomaterials are shown. The typical nanotechnologies, including plastic deformation, mechanical attrition, controlled detonation, hot plasma jet synthesis, laser vaporisation, CVD and PVD, mechanical milling, annealing, ultrasonic irradiation, nanolithography, electrocrystallisation, electrospinning, sol-gel method, cryogenic laser-enhanced melting, and hydrogen-enhanced amorphisation, are presented. Typical applications in technics and medicine are given. | 2,011 | 0 | {
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] | https://content.sciendo.com/downloadpdf/journals/adms/11/1/article-p40.pdf | content.sciendo.com | 71 |
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1bcf220ca6eb9e17ef7f50065b92057047f658f | Synthesis of yttrium barium copper oxide-0.325Ag superconductors via intermediate precursor with overall composition Y:Ba:Cu:0=l:2:3:Y, Y>7 produced by high-energy attrition milling | null | 2,000 | 3 | null | [
{
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"name": "Haigun Lee"
},
{
"authorId": "95750825",
"name": "Haiwoong Park"
},
{
"authorId": "73037527",
"name": "Dokyol Lee"
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ca7cd21e736759cc126ab531b4b95c34bcdf5520 | Effect of synthesis process on the densification, microstructure, and electrical properties of Ca0.9Yb0.1MnO3 ceramics | Ca0.9Yb0.1MnO3 thermoelectric materials have been prepared, through a classical solid-state sintering method, from attrition- and ball-milled precursors. After calcination step, microstructural observations have shown that attrition-milled precursors possess much smaller particle sizes than the obtained by ball milling. Smaller precursors sizes lead to higher reactivity, producing higher density, hardness, and thermoelectric phase content in the sintered materials. The thermoelectric properties reflect the microstructural features, decreasing electrical resistivity in the attrition milling prepared samples without a drastic decrease in the Seebeck coefficient. As a consequence, power factor values are higher than the obtained in the classical solid-state method samples. Moreover, the highest power factor values at 800°C are much higher than the best results obtained in this CaMnO3 family. As a result, it has been found that it is possible to tailor the thermoelectric properties of Ca0.9Yb0.1MnO3 ceramics by designing the appropriate preparation procedure while keeping in mind its industrial scalability. | 2,017 | 19 | {
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cd03305e059a5f398c9daeeed2ae5f1cb5c5cb79 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd03305e059a5f398c9daeeed2ae5f1cb5c5cb79 | Preparation of high performance Bi2Sr2Co1.8Ox thermoelectric materials from nanosized precursors | Bi2Sr2Co1.8Ox thermoelectric (TE) materials were prepared by three different synthesis methods producing nanosized precursors: coprecipitation (with ammonium carbonate or oxalic acid) and attrition milling, which were compared with those obtained by the classical solid state method. Microstructure has shown that precursors produced by coprecipitation and attrition milling methods produced nanometric precursors much smaller than the typical sizes produced by the solid state route. The TE properties are in agreement with the microstructural features, leading to lower resistivity in all the samples, compared with the solid state ones, while Seebeck coefficient is practically unchanged in all cases. As a consequence, maximum power factor values of around four times higher than those obtained in the classical solid state method have been determined. Moreover, the highest power factor value at 650°C is higher than the best results obtained in as-grown textured materials produced by the laser floating zone technique. | 2,017 | 4 | null | [
{
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"name": "S. Rasekh"
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"name": "M. A. Madre"
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|
cd28114996a66be1f9c9a896bec635276900851a | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cd28114996a66be1f9c9a896bec635276900851a | Structure and Thermal Stability of Ball-Milled Fe-FeOxide Mixtures | A comparative study of the milling effect on the equimolar mixture of iron and magnetite powders prepared with two different ball milling devices is presented. Sample microstructure and composition were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Using the shaker device grain size reduction and the mechanically induced formation and thermal stability of wüstite was observed. However, using the planetary device only grain size reduction was observed without chemical reaction to form wüstite. The difference in behaviour is attributed to the different energy transfer characteristics of the two devices. Introduction Mechanical attrition technique by ball milling is widely employed in the production of nanocrystalline metals and composite systems at the nanoscale [1]. A common feature of the materials prepared by this technique is the high degree of metastability deriving from the excess of energy stored into the structure. In the production of compounds, chemical reactions are generally induced and are driven by the energy transferred during the milling process [2]. The aim of this research work is to gain an insight into how the different mechanical energy transfer of two different milling devices (a mixer/shaker mill and a planetary ball mill) may affect the synthesis process and the features of the final products. Moreover, information on the relationship between structural characteristics and thermal stability of the milled samples were obtained. Experimental An equimolar mixture of pure (99.99 at%) commercial Fe powder and commercial magnetite (Fe3O4) powder was milled using both a SPEX8000 mixer/mill and a planetary ball mill. In the commercial Fe3O4 powder a hematite (α-Fe2O3) fraction of about 10 mol% was found. For the SPEX milling, the vials were sealed in air with a powder/spheres mass ratio of 1/10. The O2 content inside the vials was estimated to be ~2.7 mol% with respect to Fe and Fe3O4. Four different samples were milled for 2, 4, 8, and 16 hours, labeled respectively as 2hS, 4hS, 8hS, and 16hS. After milling the vials were below atmospheric pressure indicating that no gas exchange with the atmosphere occurred during milling. For the planetary ball milling, the mill was operated in high vacuum with a powder/spheres mass ratio of 1/7. The powders were milled for 50 hours to produce the 50hP sample. The periodic motion of the vials was characterized by frequencies of ~10 Hz for the planetary mill and ~16 Hz for the shaker mill. * On leave from Departamenti i Fizikes, Universiteti “A. Xhuvani” Elbasan, Rruga “Rinia”, Elbasan Albania. Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials Online: 2001-06-01 ISSN: 2297-6620, Vol. 9, pp 37-40 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/JMNM.9.37 © 2001 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-20/03/20,09:44:06) 2 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Structural and compositional analyses of the powders were carried out by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) using a Philips 7310 diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation. The XRD patterns were analyzed for particle size and microstrain refinement using the Rietveld method [3]. In this analysis the single line profile is related to the volume averaged column length DV normal to the reflecting planes and microstrain along the same direction assuming isotropic grain shape and disorder. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed up to 923 K (heating rate = 20 K/min), using a TA Instruments 2010 DSC. For each sample two run were performed, with the second run being carried out on the same sample after lowering the temperature at a cooling rate of 5 K/min. Results and Discussion The XRD spectra of the Fe/Fe3O4 samples milled in the shaker apparatus are shown in Figure 1a. After 2 hours of milling the volume averaged column length DV estimated by the Rietveld analysis of Fe and Fe3O4, is 22 nm and 6 nm respectively (Table 1). The milling process has been much more effective on Fe3O4 probably because of the higher mechanical hardness of oxides, compared to ° ° | 2,001 | 0 | null | [
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"name": "A. Gjevori"
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"name": "L. Pasquini"
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{
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|
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d26527567ac930c05abb738af2c754c08c9376b0 | Effect of Mechanical Activation on the Synthesis of Ba-Celsian and Sr-Celsian using Precursor Mixtures Containing Coal Fly Ash | BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 and SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 were synthesized by solid-state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of either BaCO 3 or SrCO 3 with coal fly ash and Al 2 O 3 . The mixtures were mechanically activated in an attrition mill for up to 12 h and then reaction-sintered at 900-1300 °C, aiming to promote the formation of BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 and SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 as well as the conversion from their hexagonal (Hexacelsian) into their monoclinic (Celsian) forms, which is associated with improved mechanical properties in the sintered materials. Especially in the case of SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 , the formation of Celsian was favored at relatively low sintering temperatures by increasing milling time. Although only the SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 composition was fully converted into Celsian, the Hexacelsian to Celsian conversions obtained for the mechanically-activated BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 composition were significantly higher than those previously reported in the literature for this compound. This could be attributed to the use of coal fly ash as raw material, which contains mineralizers that promote the mentioned conversion. | 2,016 | 1 | null | [
{
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} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3f090711f0213852880772a86cdaf7d7f0f4816 | Synthesis of the Mg2Ni Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying Using a High Energy Ball Mill | Mg2Ni was synthesized by a solid state reaction from the constituent elemental powder mixtures via mechanical alloying. The mixture was ball milled for 10 h at room temperature in an argon atmosphere. The high energy ball mill used here was fabricated at ININ. A hardened steel vial and three steel balls of 12.7 mm in diameter were used for milling. The ball to powder weight ratio was 10:1. A small amount of powder was removed at regular intervals to monitor the structural changes. All the steps were performed in a little lucite glove box under argon gas, this glove box was also constructed in our Institute. The structural evolution during milling was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The hydrogen reaction was carried out in a micro-reactor under controlledconditions of pressure and temperature. The hydrogen storage properties of mechanically milled powders were evaluated by using a TGA system. Although homogeneous refining and alloying take place efficiently by repeated forging, the process time can be reduced to one fiftieth of the time necessary for conventional mechanical milling and attrition.
| Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society | 2,019 | 9 | {
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{
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] | https://www.jmcs.org.mx/index.php/jmcs/article/download/964/803 | www.jmcs.org.mx | 77 |
d3f54556331d5ca4b8829a07a13156302cbd3423 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3f54556331d5ca4b8829a07a13156302cbd3423 | Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Tungsten-30 Atomic % Chromium Produced by Mechanical Attrition and Hydrogen Sintering | Nanostructured W70Cr30 powders were produced by mechanical alloying (MA) of elemental tungsten (W), Chromium (Cr) powders in a high energy planetary ball-mill using tungsten carbide as grinding media and toluene as a process control agent. The crystallite size and lattice strain of the nanostructured powders at different milling time (0 h to 10 h) was calculated from X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The crystallite size of W in W70Cr30 powder reduced from 100 μm at 0 h to 32.8 nm at 10 h of milling with increase in lattice strain of 0.43% at 10 h of milling. The lattice parameter of tungsten shows initial expansion of lattice upto 0.56% at 5 h of milling and contraction of lattice upto 0.93% at 10 h of milling. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph also revealed mixed morphology of elemental W and Cr powders consist of spherical and elongated particles during mechanical alloying (0 h to 10 h). The dark-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicated that the crystallite size (~30 nm) of W in W-Cr alloy in the as-milled powder is in good agreement with calculated crystallite size from XRD. Maximum solid solubility of 4.4 at.% Cr in W was found at 10 h of milling. The dislocation density increases from 6.75 (1016/m2) to 17.56 (1016/m2) with increase in the milling time from 0 h to 20 h. No cracks in the sintered pellets were visible under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hardness and Elastic Modulus of sintered W70Cr30 alloy determined by nanoindentation test are less compared to pure W. | 2,015 | 0 | null | [
{
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{
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"name": "S. K. Karak"
},
{
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"name": "S. K. Pabi"
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] | null | null | 78 |
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d5cb8be1fe73ceb3372699cc1d0e1ca078323f19 | {
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d5cb8be1fe73ceb3372699cc1d0e1ca078323f19 | Felületkezelés és amorfizáció nagy plasztikus deformációval = Surface mechanical treatment and amorphization by severe plastic deformation | A palyazat kereteben a nagy plasztikus deformacion alapulo feluletkezeles (SMAT), ill. nagynyomasu csavaras (HPT) hatasara kialakulo (reszleges) szilardfazisu amorfizacio jelenseget vizsgaltam. Szinkrotronos, rontgendiffrakcios es mikroszkopos vizsgalatok alapjan megmutattam, hogy a Cu hordozo mellett őrolt Zr-Ti porkeverek egy homogen bevonatot eredmenyez, melynek előnyos mechanikai tulajdonsagai az alkalmazhatosag szempontjabol is fontos. Megmutattam, hogy biner kristalyos Cu-Zr rendszer a HPT modszer segitsegevel az extrem deformacionak koszonhetően mar szilardfazisban eredmenyezhet tisztan amorf tartomanyokat. A hagyomanyos modszerekkel tombi formaban Al-alapu amorf otvozetek nem allithatok elő. Uj kompaktalasi eljaraskent, sikerrel alkalmaztuk a nagynyomasu csavarast amorf Al-Ce-Ni-Co, Al-Gd-Ni-Co es Al-Y-Ni-Co otvozetek eseten. | In the present project the effect of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) and high pressure torsion (HPT) on the (partial) solid state amorphization was studied. It was shown by synchrotron measurements, conventional X-ray diffraction and microscopic studies that milling the mixture of Zr and Ti powders near a Cu target provides a homogeneous coating exhibiting enhanced mechanical properties which may lead to industrial applications. Due to the extreme deformation of HPT, some regions of the binary crystalline Cu-Zr system transform in to amorphous. It is well known that the synthesis of Al-based bulk amorphous alloys is strongly restricted. As a new method of compaction, we have shown that HPT of rapidly quenched amorphous Al-Ce-Ni-Co, Al-Gd-Ni-Co and Al-Y-Ni-Co can successfully be applied. | 2,011 | 0 | null | [
{
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d8ed91bf223c516994cc1719229569ced3f77872 | A scalable and facile synthesis of alumina/exfoliated graphite composites by attrition milling | Nanostructured carbon–ceramic nanocomposites are becoming important and promising structural materials for plasma-resistant applications because of their electro-conductive and mechanically robust (fracture-, wear-, and plasma-resistant) nature. In this work, we present a facile one-pot synthesis of alumina/exfoliated graphite (EG) composite by attrition milling employing small ceramic beads. The resulting composite shows homogeneous dispersion of exfoliated graphitic nanosheets in the ceramic matrix. The sintered composites exhibit excellent electrical conductivity (>1000 S m−1), fracture toughness (5.6 MPa m0.5), and wear resistance, which is enhanced by 7.7 times compared to pure alumina. | 2,015 | 9 | null | [
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"name": "W. Shim"
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} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dc18d5e5bc7b63b7ee7e145cfeb8d4d31db36932 | Solid state reaction synthesis of Ba 0 . 75 Sr 0 . 25 AlSi 2 O 8-Al 2 O 3 ceramic composites from mechanically activated precursor mixtures | The Ba 1-x Sr x Al 2 Si 2 O 8 (SBAS) solid solutions are attractive as matrixes for ceramic composites for structural applications at high temperatures. The SBAS solid solutions can be potentially useful for environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) such as those employed for Si-based (SiC, Si 3 N 4 ) ceramic components in the hot section of advanced gas turbine engines (1), as well as for X-ray radiation-shielding applications (2) and for the fabrication of missile nose cones (radomes) (3), among other applications. These materials can be obtained by partial substitution of BaO by SrO in BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 (BAS) (4,5), or alternatively from mixtures of BAS with SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 (SAS) (6). The formation of SBAS obeys Vegard’s law and it can take place over the entire concentration range (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) (5,7). Both BAS and SBAS are denominated either as Celsian (or Monocelsian) when their crystalline structure is monoclinic, or as Hexacelsian when they have a hexagonal lattice structure. The monoclinic phase is of particular interest due to its high refractoriness, low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), good resistance to oxidation and to slag attack, and good thermal shock resistance (4). However, the hexagonal phase is frequently formed first, tending to remain in a metastable state at low temperatures. This phase is undesirable due to its relatively high CTE and because it might transform into an orthorhombic polymorphic form during cooling of the material, which causes differential volume changes in the latter, leading to the generation of microcracks that affect negatively its final mechanical properties (8). Once Hexacelsian has been formed, its conversion into Celsian Ceramic composites with Ba 0.75 Sr 0.25 AlSi 2 O 8 (SBAS)/Al 2 O 3 mass ratios of: 1) 90/10, 2) 70/30, and 3) 50/50, were in situ synthesized at 900-1500 °C/5 h from mixtures of fly ash, BaCO 3 , SrCO 3 and Al 2 O 3 . The green mixtures were mechanically activated for 0, 4 and 8 h in an attrition mill. As a result, the solid state reactions were faster and occurred at lower temperatures. Only the SBAS and Al 2 O 3 phases were obtained at 1300-1500°C, with the SBAS present in composition 1 achieving full conversion from its hexagonal (Hexacelsian) into its monoclinic (Celsian) form, with or without milling. The higher nominal SBAS content of composition 1 facilitated in it the mentioned conversion, in comparison with the other two studied compositions, which required to be mechanically activated for times that increased with increasing Al 2 O 3 content, in order to attain in them similarly high Hexacelsian to Celsian conversions. The mechanical properties of the synthesized materials increased with increasing milling time, sintering temperature and Al 2 O 3 content. Thus, the best mechanical properties were obtained for composition 3 milled for 8 h and sintered at 1500 °C. | 2,014 | 1 | null | [
{
"authorId": "1486274557",
"name": "M. V. RAMOS-RAMÍREZ"
},
{
"authorId": "1404077362",
"name": "J. López-Cuevas"
},
{
"authorId": "2027714051",
"name": "J. C. RENDÓN-ANGELES"
}
] | null | null | 81 |
|
e1ba447bdc9a802cf7ee1b1065198f52bbf2e39e | {
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} | {
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"name": "ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces",
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"url": "https://pubs.acs.org/journal/aamick"
} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e1ba447bdc9a802cf7ee1b1065198f52bbf2e39e | Synthesis of nanoparticles from malleable and ductile metals using powder-free, reactant-assisted mechanical attrition. | A reactant-assisted mechanochemical method was used to produce copious nanoparticles from malleable/ductile metals, demonstrated here for aluminum, iron, and copper. The milling media is intentionally degraded via a reactant-accelerated wear process, where the reactant aids particle production by binding to the metal surfaces, enhancing particle production, and reducing the tendency toward mechanochemical (cold) welding. The mechanism is explored by comparing the effects of different types of solvents and solvent mixtures on the amount and type of particles produced. Particles were functionalized with oleic acid to aid in particle size separation, enhance dispersion in hydrocarbon solvents, and protect the particles from oxidation. For aluminum and iron, the result is air-stable particles, but for copper, the suspended particles are found to dissolve when exposed to air. Characterization was performed using electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Density functional theory was used to examine the nature of carboxylic acid binding to the aluminum surface, confirming the dominance of bridging bidentate binding. | ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces | 2,014 | 33 | null | [
{
"authorId": "46778011",
"name": "Brandon W. McMahon"
},
{
"authorId": "39834925",
"name": "J. P. Perez"
},
{
"authorId": "143615806",
"name": "Jiang Yu"
},
{
"authorId": "3252565",
"name": "J. Boatz"
},
{
"authorId": "11024074",
"name": "S. Anderson"
}
] | null | null | 82 |
e239db83b41c52e5b98be90101c7785a12ad9568 | {
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"CorpusId": 145999279,
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"DOI": "10.4164/SPTJ.56.142",
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} | {
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"alternate_names": [
"Journal of The Society of Powder Technology, Japan",
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],
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"id": "fb6e973c-c64a-4c6a-8df6-6feb43b48118",
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"name": "Journal of the Society of Powder Technology Japan",
"type": "journal",
"url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/sptj/53/8/_contents"
} | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e239db83b41c52e5b98be90101c7785a12ad9568 | Evaluation of YAG:Ce3+ Phosphor Properties Synthesized by Mechanical Method | In this study, the properties of Ce3+-doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG:Ce3+) phosphors for white light emitting diodes by mechanical method was evaluated. The YAG:Ce3+ phosphors were synthesized by the mechanical method using an attrition-type mill without any extra-heat assistance. BaF2, YF3 and Al(OH)3 was used as an additive for its lower temperature reaction, respectively. The synthesis of YAG:Ce3+ phosphor was favorably achieved after 10–30 min by mechanical processing with the addition of each additive. As a result, it was made clear that the quantum yield of phosphor was well related to the crystallite size of the sample regardless of the kind of additives. The absorption rate of YAG phosphors were also well related to its median diameter. Both relationships almost agreed to those obtained for the YAG:Ce3+ phosphors synthesized by solid reaction method. It was suggested that the increase of crystallite size and median size of the sample synthesized by mechanical method is key issue to achieving higher quality of YAG:Ce3+ phosphor. | Journal of the Society of Powder Technology Japan | 2,019 | 0 | {
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sptj/56/3/56_56.142/_pdf"
} | [
{
"authorId": "2059405991",
"name": "K. Kanai"
},
{
"authorId": "91176515",
"name": "Y. Fukui"
},
{
"authorId": "2074589900",
"name": "S. Ozawa"
},
{
"authorId": "46373543",
"name": "A. Kondo"
},
{
"authorId": "2625414",
"name": "T. Kozawa"
},
{
"authorId": "69404397",
"name": "M. Naito"
}
] | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sptj/56/3/56_56.142/_pdf | www.jstage.jst.go.jp | 83 |
e4a32fed9986689c99a8c9189fe5ef6cb1473cb4 | {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"CorpusId": 135834294,
"DBLP": null,
"DOI": "10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.291-294.3024",
"MAG": "2017778186",
"PubMed": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
} | null | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e4a32fed9986689c99a8c9189fe5ef6cb1473cb4 | Development of Recycled TiH2 Feedstock for Powder Injection Molding | Powder Injection molding (PIM) is a cost-effective process for the fabrication of complex shaped parts, and has a great potential in many applications. In this work, an improved wax-based binder was developed for the powder injection molding of TiH2 powder fabricated by recycling of Ti chip. Fine TiH2 powders of about 350 nm in particle size were produced by attrition milling of Ti chip in less than five minutes, resulting from simultaneous self-propagating High temperature Synthesis (SHS) and fracturing. TiH2 feedstock, a mixture of binder and powders, was fabricated with critical powder loading of 68 vol.%. The rheological characteristics of the feedstock were investigated for subsequent processing step. Viscosity of the feedstock showed pseudo-plastic flow behavior and to optimize injection molding parameter, in-mold rheology curve was generated. The results indicated that the recycled TiH2 feedstock can be used for the fabrication of the complex shaped parts with good shape. | 2,011 | 2 | null | [
{
"authorId": "115536849",
"name": "B. Cha"
},
{
"authorId": "145329160",
"name": "J. Jang"
},
{
"authorId": "5670369",
"name": "W. Lee"
},
{
"authorId": "91349325",
"name": "Jung Sik Seo"
},
{
"authorId": "92549309",
"name": "Se-Hyun Ko"
},
{
"authorId": "145989875",
"name": "S. Son"
},
{
"authorId": "50997762",
"name": "W. You"
},
{
"authorId": "1520033314",
"name": "J. Lee"
}
] | null | null | 84 |
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
- Query period: Dec 2024 ~ Jan 2024
- Row example
{
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},
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"url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fe6f7573766e3cd2f268faeb2ef4e24d8820cc48",
"title": "THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FLOW PROCESSING IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS THROUGH THICKNESS THERMOPLASTIC MELT IMPREGNATION: EFFECT OF FABRIC ARCHITECTURE ON COMPACTION AND PERMEABILITY UNDER HIGH PROCESSING PRESSURE",
"abstract": "Introduction Liquid composite moulding (LCM) typically requires low viscosity resins to achieve reasonable processing times. However, by choosing through thickness direction, the impregnation with higher viscosity thermoplastic melt may become an attractive processing method on an injection moulding machine, as demonstrated in [1] for pultrusion. In this process, thermoplastic melt (10-50 Pas) is injected from the top in a gap above the dry preform, and then the fabric is impregnated through the thickness in a compression step. The aim of this work was to optimise the textile architecture of unidirectional glass fabrics to maintain a high permeability under high compaction pressure.",
"venue": "",
"year": 2018,
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"authors": [
{
"authorId": "48837858",
"name": "J. Studer"
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{
"authorId": "143955717",
"name": "C. Dransfeld"
},
{
"authorId": "46923465",
"name": "A. Keller"
},
{
"authorId": "118025385",
"name": "Jon Jauregui Cano"
},
{
"authorId": "145682235",
"name": "B. Fiedler"
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{
"authorId": "117648505",
"name": "J. Hemmer"
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{
"authorId": "144704810",
"name": "F. Bertrand"
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{
"authorId": "9618858",
"name": "C. Binetruy"
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{
"authorId": "1404853524",
"name": "S. Comas-Cardona"
},
{
"authorId": "46728069",
"name": "C. Burtin"
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}
{
"paperId": "fe7ae3cdb88a2f1c7897bc607570e8e6b8928fc2",
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"DOI": "10.3390/met11081204",
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"id": "c6119658-6645-4c6e-90d8-d6cfe758ed2b",
"name": "Metals",
"issn": "2075-4701",
"url": "http://www.e-helvetica.nb.admin.ch/directAccess?callnumber=bel-217879",
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"https://www.mdpi.com/journal/metals",
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"url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fe7ae3cdb88a2f1c7897bc607570e8e6b8928fc2",
"title": "Easily Sinterable Low-Alloy Steel Powders for P/M Diamond Tools",
"abstract": "The work presents the design and fabrication procedures used to manufacture inexpensive iron-base powders employed as a matrix in diamond-impregnated tool components. Three newly developed low alloy steel powders, containing from 94.4 to 99.4 wt.% Fe, have been formulated with the assistance of ThermoCalc software and produced by means of a proprietary process patented by AGH-UST. It has been shown that the powders are readily pressureless sintered to a closed porosity condition (>95% theoretical density) at a temperature range between 840 and 950 °C. All as-consolidated materials achieve the desired tool matrix hardness of more than 200 HV. One of the experimental powders has been designed to partly melt within the sintering window. This is particularly important in fabrication of wire saw beads by the conventional press and sinter route because sintering of a diamond-impregnated ring and its further brazing to a tubular steel holder can be combined into one operation.",
"venue": "Metals",
"year": 2021,
"citationCount": 2,
"openAccessPdf": {
"url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1204/pdf?version=1627613892",
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"authorId": "12553873",
"name": "J. Konstanty"
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"authorId": "1416347329",
"name": "D. Tyrala"
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}
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