The study resolves the order of amino acid recruitment into the genetic code by analyzing ancient protein domains from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). The results show that smaller amino acids were added to the code earlier, and metal-binding and sulfur-containing amino acids were added earlier than previously thought.
Highlights
The study analyzed 969 Pfams and 445 clans to determine the order of amino acid recruitment into the genetic code.
Smaller amino acids were found to be added to the code earlier.
Metal-binding and sulfur-containing amino acids were added earlier than previously thought.
The results suggest that the genetic code evolved in stages, with early amino acids present on Earth before the emergence of life.
The study proposes a revised order of amino acid recruitment, with glutamine being added later than previously thought.
The results have implications for understanding the origins of life and the evolution of the genetic code.
The study provides a new perspective on the evolution of the genetic code and the role of metal-binding and sulfur-containing amino acids.
Key Insights
The study's findings suggest that the genetic code evolved in response to the availability of amino acids on early Earth, with smaller amino acids being more readily available.
The early addition of metal-binding and sulfur-containing amino acids suggests that these amino acids played a crucial role in the emergence of life.
The revised order of amino acid recruitment proposed by the study has implications for understanding the evolution of the genetic code and the origins of life.
The study highlights the importance of considering the evolutionary history of protein domains when studying the genetic code.
The results of the study provide a new perspective on the evolution of the genetic code and the role of amino acids in the emergence of life.
The study's findings have implications for understanding the origins of life on Earth and the possibility of life on other planets.
The study demonstrates the importance of using ancient protein domains to study the evolution of the genetic code.
Mindmap
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Citation
Wehbi, S., Wheeler, A., Morel, B., Manepalli, N., Minh, B. Q., Lauretta, D. S., & Masel, J. (2024). Order of amino acid recruitment into the genetic code resolved by last universal common ancestor’s protein domains. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Vol. 121, Issue 52). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2410311121
"""
return post, image
def create_post(title, category, summary, mindmap, citation):
post_title = title
post_category = f"{category}"
try:
post_body, post_image = generate_post_html(title, summary, mindmap, citation)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error generating post: {e}")
return None, None, None, None
return post_title, post_category, post_body, post_image
def post_post(title, category, body, image):
data = None
try:
data = requests.post(
url='https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token',
data={
'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
'client_secret': client_secret,
'refresh_token': refresh_token,
'client_id': client_id,
},
).json()
url = f"https://blogger.googleapis.com/v3/blogs/{blog_id}/posts"
headers = {
'Authorization': f"Bearer {data['access_token']}",
"content-type": "application/json"
}
post_data = {
"kind": "blogger#post",
"blog": {
"id": blog_id
},
"images": [{
"url": image
}],
"title": title,
"content": body,
"labels": [category, "ZZZZZZZZZ"]
}
data = requests.post(url, headers=headers, json=post_data).json()
if data['status'] == 'LIVE':
print(f"The post '{title}' is {data['status']}")
return True
else:
print(f"Error posting {title}: {data}")
return False
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error posting {title}: {e}")
return False
def post_blog(title, category, summary, mindmap, citation, uaccess_key, wait_time=5):
if uaccess_key != access_key:
return False
else:
status = True
post_title, post_category, post_body, post_image = create_post(title, category, summary, mindmap, citation)
if not all([post_title, post_category, post_body, post_image]):
print(f'Failed to create post {post_title}')
return False
status = post_post(post_title, post_category, post_body, post_image)
print(f"Waiting for {wait_time*60} seconds...")
time.sleep(wait_time*60)
if status:
print('Post created successfully')
return True
else:
print('Failed to create post')
return False
def test(uaccess_key):
data = {
"status": "success",
"Astrophysics": {
"2412.16344": {
"id": "2412.16344",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.16344",
"title": "Gravitational algebras and applications to nonequilibrium physics",
"category": "Astrophysics",
"citation": "Grant, C. E., Bautz, M. W., Miller, E. D., Foster, R. F., LaMarr, B., Malonis, A., Prigozhin, G., Schneider, B., Leitz, C., & Falcone, A. D. (2024). Focal Plane of the Arcus Probe X-Ray Spectrograph. ArXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2412.16344",
"summary": "## Summary\nThe text discusses gravitational algebras and their applications in nonequilibrium physics, specifically in the context of black holes and de Sitter spacetime. It explores the concept of type III and type II von Neumann algebras and their role in understanding the thermodynamic properties of gravitational systems.\n\n## Highlights\n- The Arcus Probe mission concept explores the formation and evolution of clusters, galaxies, and stars.\n- The XRS instrument includes four parallel optical channels and two detector focal plane arrays.\n- The CCDs are designed and manufactured by MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL).\n- The XRS focal plane utilizes high heritage MIT/LL CCDs with proven technologies.\n- Laboratory testing confirms CCID-94 performance meets required spectral resolution and readout noise.\n- The Arcus mission includes two co-aligned instruments working simultaneously.\n- The XRS Instrument Control Unit (XICU) controls the activities of the XRS.\n\n## Key Insights\n- The Arcus Probe mission concept provides a significant improvement in sensitivity and resolution over previous missions, enabling breakthrough science in understanding the universe.\n- The XRS instrument's design, including the use of two CCD focal planes and four parallel optical channels, allows for high-resolution spectroscopy and efficient detection of X-ray photons.\n- The CCDs used in the XRS instrument are designed and manufactured by MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL), which has a proven track record of producing high-quality CCDs for space missions.\n- The laboratory performance results of the CCID-94 device demonstrate that it meets the required spectral resolution and readout noise for the Arcus mission, indicating that the instrument is capable of achieving its scientific goals.\n- The XRS Instrument Control Unit (XICU) plays a crucial role in controlling the activities of the XRS, including gathering and storing data, and processing event recognition.\n- The Arcus mission's use of two co-aligned instruments working simultaneously allows for a wide range of scientific investigations, including the study of time-domain science and the physics of time-dependent phenomena.\n- The high heritage MIT/LL CCDs used in the XRS focal plane provide a reliable and efficient means of detecting X-ray photons, enabling the instrument to achieve its scientific goals.",
"mindmap": "## Arcus Probe Mission Concept\n- Explores formation and evolution of clusters, galaxies, stars\n- High-resolution soft X-ray and UV spectroscopy\n- Agile response capability for time-domain science\n\n## X-Ray Spectrograph (XRS) Instrument\n- Two nearly identical CCD focal planes\n- Detects and records X-ray photons from dispersed spectra\n- Zero-order of critical angle transmission gratings\n\n## XRS Focal Plane Characteristics\n- Frametransfer X-ray CCDs\n- 8-CCD array per Detector Assembly\n- FWHM < 70 eV @ 0.5 keV\n- System read noise ≤ 4 e- RMS @ 625 kpixels/sec\n\n## Detector Assembly\n- Eight CCDs in a linear array\n- Tilted to match curved focal surface\n- Gaps minimized between CCDs\n- Alignment optimized with XRS optics\n\n## Detector Electronics\n- Programmable analog clock waveforms and biases\n- Low-noise analog signal processing and digitization\n- 1 second frame time for negligible pileup\n\n## XRS Instrument Control Unit (XICU)\n- Controls XRS activities and data transfer\n- Event Recognition Processor (ERP) extracts X-ray events\n- Reduces data rate by many orders of magnitude\n\n## CCD X-Ray Performance\n- Measured readout noise 2-3 e- RMS\n- Spectral resolution meets Arcus requirements\n- FWHM < 70 eV at 0.5 keV\n\n## CCID-94 Characteristics\n- Back-illuminated frame-transfer CCDs\n- 2048 × 1024 pixel imaging array\n- 24 × 24 µm image area pixel size\n- 50 µm detector thickness\n\n## Contamination Blocking Filter (CBF)\n- Protects detectors from molecular contamination\n- 45 nm polyimide + 30 nm Al\n- Maintained above +20°C by heater control\n\n## Optical Blocking Filter (OBF)\n- Attenuates visible/IR stray light\n- 40 nm Al on-chip filter\n- Works in conjunction with CBF"
}
}
}
if data['status'] != 'success':
print('Failed to fetch data')
else:
for category, catdata in data.items():
if category != 'status':
for paper_id, paperdata in catdata.items():
title = paperdata['title']
category = paperdata['category']
summary = paperdata['summary']
mindmap = paperdata['mindmap']
citation = paperdata['citation']
uaccess_key = access_key
status = post_blog(title, category, summary, mindmap, citation, uaccess_key, 0)
print(status)
return status
if __name__ == '__main__':
test(access_key)