before_revision: Symptoms and signs The clinical condition denoted abulia was first described in 1838; however, since that time, a number of different  definitions have emerged , with some contradicting others .Vijayaraghavan, L., Krishnamoorthy, E. S., Brown, R. G., & Trimble, M. R. (2002). Abulia: A Delphi survey of British neurologists and psychiatrists. [Article]. Movement Disorders, 17(5), 1052-1057. Abulia has been described as a loss of drive, expression, loss of behavior and speech output,  slowing and prolonged speech latency, and reduction of spontaneous thought content and initiative.Jahanshahi, M., & Frith, C. D. (1998). Willed action and its impairments. [Review]. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15(6-8), 483-533.. The clinical features most commonly associated with abulia are: Difficulty in initiating and sustaining purposeful movements Lack of spontaneous movement Reduced spontaneous speech Increased response-time to queries Passivity Reduced emotional responsiveness and spontaneity Reduced social interactions Reduced interest in usual pastimes A 2002 survey of two movement disorder experts, two neuropsychiatrists, and two rehabilitation experts  did not seem to shed any light on the matter of differentiating abulia from other DDMs. The experts used the terms apathy and abulia interchangeably and debated whether or not abulia was a discrete entity, or just a hazy gray area on a spectrum of more defined disorders. Four of the experts said abulia was a sign and a symptom, and the group was split on whether or not it was a syndrome. Another survey, which consisted of true and false questions about what abulia is distinct from, whether it is a sign, symptom, or syndrome, where lesions are present in cases of abulia, what diseases are commonly associated with abulia, and what current treatments are used for abulia, was sent to 15 neurologists and 10 psychiatrists. Most experts agreed that abulia is clinically distinct from depression, akinetic mutism, and alexithymia. However, only 32\% believed abulia was different from apathy, while 44\% said they were not different, and 24\% were unsure. Yet again, there was disagreement about whether or not abulia is a sign, symptom, or syndrome.
after_revision: Symptoms and signs The clinical condition denoted abulia was first described in 1838; however, since that time, a number of different , some contradictory, definitions have emerged .Vijayaraghavan, L., Krishnamoorthy, E. S., Brown, R. G., & Trimble, M. R. (2002). Abulia: A Delphi survey of British neurologists and psychiatrists. [Article]. Movement Disorders, 17(5), 1052-1057. Abulia has been described as a loss of drive, expression, behavior and speech output, with slowing and prolonged speech latency, and reduction of spontaneous thought content and initiative.Jahanshahi, M., & Frith, C. D. (1998). Willed action and its impairments. [Review]. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15(6-8), 483-533.. The clinical features most commonly associated with abulia are: Difficulty in initiating and sustaining purposeful movements Lack of spontaneous movement Reduced spontaneous speech Increased response-time to queries Passivity Reduced emotional responsiveness and spontaneity Reduced social interactions Reduced interest in usual pastimes A 2002 survey of two movement disorder experts, two neuropsychiatrists, and two rehabilitation experts , did not seem to shed any light on the matter of differentiating abulia from other DDMs. The experts used the terms "apathy" and "abulia" interchangeably and debated whether or not abulia was a discrete entity, or just a hazy gray area on a spectrum of more defined disorders. Four of the experts said abulia was a sign and a symptom, and the group was split on whether or not it was a syndrome. Another survey, which consisted of true and false questions about what abulia is distinct from, whether it is a sign, symptom, or syndrome, where lesions are present in cases of abulia, what diseases are commonly associated with abulia, and what current treatments are used for abulia, was sent to 15 neurologists and 10 psychiatrists. Most experts agreed that abulia is clinically distinct from depression, akinetic mutism, and alexithymia. However, only 32\% believed abulia was different from apathy, while 44\% said they were not different, and 24\% were unsure. Yet again, there was disagreement about whether or not abulia is a sign, symptom, or syndrome.
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