before_revision: Raffique Shah  is a Trinidad and Tobago trade union leader and political commentator. He is also a former Member of Parliament and mutineer, having led a mutiny of Trinidad and Tobago Regiment in 1970. He was born the son of a sugar cane worker and housewife in March 1946. His early education was at Presentation College, Chaguanas, where he gained a Grade I Cambridge School Certificate. He later won a cadetship to the prestigious British Royal Military Academy Sandhurst between 1964 and 1966. As a Lieutenant in the Trinidad and Tobago Regiment, he led an army mutiny in 1970. In the midst of Black Power riots, the People's National Movement government led by Eric Williams proclaimed a State of Emergency April, 1970 and arrested several Black Power leaders and Trade Unionists. In a move to prevent Williams from using the military against the masses, a portion of the Regiment stationed at Teteron (on the Chaguaramas Peninsula), led by Lieutenants Shah and Rex Lassalle mutinied. In response, the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard fired on the mutineers who returned to Teteron Barracks, abandoning their foray into Port of Spain. After ten days the mutineers surrendered. The leaders were court-martialed and Shah and Lasalle were jailed. They both went on to win their appeals at the local Court of Appeal, and judges at the Privy Council in London, England, ruled against the State's appeal in July , 1972. Shah, Lassalle and all the other mutineers were freed within 24 hours of that ruling. After being released from prison Shah joined the Trade Union movement leading the ICFTU, a body of cane farmers who sought to displace the government URLanisation, TICFA . He , URLe Weekes and Basdeo Panday went on to found the United Labour Front  in 1975 as a labor confederation and transformed it into a political party in 1976. During general election later that year, the ULF secured 10 of the 36 seats in Parliament and became the official Opposition. Basdeo Panday was appointed Leader of the Opposition, but following a bitter row in the party, Shah was able to displace him, and served as Leader of the Opposition between August 9, 1977 and March 31, 1978 when Panday regained control of the party. Shah went on to lead the cane farmers and won an election to head the Trinidad Islandwide Cane Farmers' Association (TICFA), in 1998. He has been chairman of URLanisation to date. Shah also served as editor of the Trinidad and Tobago Mirror newspaper for 17 years and today serves as an op-ed columnist in the Trinidad  Express newspaper. He is also known as the man who founded the prestigious annual Clico Trinidad & Tobago International Marathon, an event that spawned road running throughout the Caribbean. He remained chairman of URLanising committee until he stepped down in 2005. He served, too, as secretary of the local National Amateur Athletics Association and still holds a strong interest in sports in general and athletics in particular.
after_revision: Raffique Shah (born 1946)Raffique Shah, "Slaves to technology", Trinidad and Tobago News Blog, 11 April 2018. is a Trinidad and Tobago trade union leader and political commentator. He is also a former Member of Parliament and mutineer, having led a mutiny of Trinidad and Tobago Regiment in 1970. Biography Shah was born the son of a sugarcane worker and housewife in March 1946. His early education was at Presentation College, Chaguanas, where he gained a Grade I Cambridge School Certificate. He later won a cadetship to the prestigious British Royal Military Academy Sandhurst between 1964 and 1966. As a Lieutenant in the Trinidad and Tobago Regiment, he led an army mutiny in 1970. In the midst of Black Power riots, the People's National Movement government led by Eric Williams proclaimed a State of Emergency in April 1970 and arrested several Black Power leaders and Trade Unionists. In a move to prevent Williams from using the military against the masses, a portion of the Regiment stationed at Teteron (on the Chaguaramas Peninsula), led by Lieutenants Shah and Rex Lassalle mutinied. In response, the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard fired on the mutineers who returned to Teteron Barracks, abandoning their foray into Port of Spain. After 10 days, the mutineers surrendered. The leaders were court-martialed and Shah and Lasalle were jailed. They both went on to win their appeals at the local Court of Appeal, and judges at the Privy Council in London, England, ruled against the State's appeal in July 1972. Shah, Lassalle and all the other mutineers were freed within 24 hours of that ruling. After being released from prison Shah joined the Trade Union movement leading the ICFTU, a body of cane farmers who sought to displace the URLanisation, TICFA (Trinidad Islandwide Cane Farmers' Association). Shah , URLe Weekes and Basdeo Panday went on to found the United Labour Front (ULF) in 1975 as a labour confederation and transformed it into a political party in 1976. During general election later that year, the ULF secured 10 of the 36 seats in Parliament and became the official Opposition. Basdeo Panday was appointed Leader of the Opposition, but following a bitter row in the party, Shah was able to displace him, and served as Leader of the Opposition between August 9, 1977 and March 31, 1978 when Panday regained control of the party. Shah went on to lead the cane farmers and won an election to head the Trinidad Islandwide Cane Farmers' Association (TICFA), in 1998. He has been chairman of URLanisation to date. Shah also served as editor of the Trinidad and Tobago Mirror newspaper for 17 years and went on to serve as an op-ed columnist in the Trinidad and Tobago Express newspaper. He is also known as the man who founded the prestigious annual Clico Trinidad & Tobago International Marathon, an event that spawned road-running throughout the Caribbean. He remained chairman of URLanising committee until he stepped down in 2005. He served, too, as secretary of the local National Amateur Athletics Association and still holds a strong interest in sports in general and athletics in particular.
edit_actions: A
edit_actions: (born 1946)Raffique Shah, "Slaves to technology", Trinidad and Tobago News Blog, 11 April 2018.
edit_actions: meaning-changed
edit_actions: meaning-changed meaning-changed meaning-changed
edit_actions: R
edit_actions: He
edit_actions: Biography Shah
edit_actions: meaning-changed
edit_actions: meaning-changed meaning-changed meaning-changed
edit_actions: R
edit_actions: sugar cane
edit_actions: sugarcane
edit_actions: fluency
edit_actions: fluency fluency fluency
edit_actions: R
edit_actions: April,
edit_actions: in April
edit_actions: fluency
edit_actions: fluency fluency coherence
edit_actions: R
edit_actions: ten days
edit_actions: 10 days,
edit_actions: fluency
edit_actions: fluency fluency clarity
edit_actions: D
edit_actions: ,
edit_actions: fluency
edit_actions: fluency fluency fluency
edit_actions: D
edit_actions: government
edit_actions: fluency
edit_actions: fluency fluency fluency
edit_actions: R
edit_actions: . He
edit_actions: (Trinidad Islandwide Cane Farmers' Association). Shah
edit_actions: meaning-changed
edit_actions: meaning-changed meaning-changed meaning-changed
edit_actions: A
edit_actions: (ULF)
edit_actions: meaning-changed
edit_actions: meaning-changed meaning-changed style
edit_actions: R
edit_actions: labor
edit_actions: labour
edit_actions: fluency
edit_actions: fluency fluency fluency
edit_actions: R
edit_actions: today serves
edit_actions: went on to serve
edit_actions: clarity
edit_actions: clarity clarity clarity
edit_actions: A
edit_actions: and Tobago
edit_actions: meaning-changed
edit_actions: meaning-changed meaning-changed meaning-changed
edit_actions: R
edit_actions: road running
edit_actions: road-running
edit_actions: fluency
edit_actions: fluency fluency fluency