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30,288,825 | Increased risk of morbidities and health-care utilisation in children born following preterm labour compared with full-term labour: A population-based study. | Recent evidence is emerging indicating long-term effects in infants born after an episode of preterm labour (PTL), even if birth is at term. This population-based study compared long-term rates of outcomes and health-care utilisation (HCU) in children born following spontaneous preterm labour, irrespective of gestational age at delivery or of an uncomplicated pregnancy (SPTLu), with children born following full-term labour (FTL), overall stratified by comorbidity status and assessed using a composite morbidity measure (CM). | Journal of paediatrics and child health | 2,019 |
30,288,832 | ZFAS1: A novel vital oncogenic lncRNA in multiple human cancers. | Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of noncoding, endogenous, single-stranded RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides in length that are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Mounting evidence has indicated that lncRNAs play key roles in several physiological and pathological processes by modifying gene expression at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, epigenetic, and translation levels. Many reports have demonstrated that lncRNAs function as potential oncogene or tumour suppressors and thus play vital regulatory roles in tumourigenesis and tumour progression. ZNFX1 antisense RNA 1 (ZFAS1), a novel lncRNA transcribed in the antisense orientation of zinc finger NFX1-type containing 1(ZNFX1), was found to be increased in multiple cancers, such as gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, contributing to cancer development and progression. In the present review, we summarized recent progression on study of the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of ZFAS1 related to occurrence and development of multiple cancers. | Cell proliferation | 2,019 |
30,288,831 | Facing somatic symptom disorder in the emergency department. | Somatic symptom disorder is a condition in which a patient's subjective report of physical symptoms is associated with distress; disruption of day-to-day functioning; or disproportionate thoughts, feelings and behaviours regarding the symptoms, whether or not they are associated with an identified medical condition. While somatic symptom disorder affects a considerable proportion of children and adolescents presenting to the emergency department (ED), it has not been well investigated in the ED literature, nor is there much formal training in, or guidelines for, how to care for affected patients in the ED. The aim of this paper is to highlight the historical clues commonly reported by these patients in order to try to help the emergency physicians recognise patients affected by a somatic symptom disorder. Adolescent age, the presence of daily subjective symptoms presenting daily for weeks or months, a long medical history record, an extensive diagnostic workup and, most of all, disproportionate functional impairment related to the symptoms are all features strongly suggestive of this disorder. Emergency physicians should become used to taking advantage of these clues to formulate a positive diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder according to the most recent diagnostic criteria. Emergency physicians have the unique opportunity to contribute to the correct diagnosis and treatment of these patients and to have a positive impact on their prognosis. | Journal of paediatrics and child health | 2,019 |
30,288,833 | Placental histopathology in preterm fetal growth restriction. | Approximately 6-9% pregnancies are affected by fetal growth restriction (FGR). Placental alterations related to utero-placental insufficiency in FGR may induce placental vascular remodelling to the detriment of the fetus. The objective of this article was to study histopathological features of placentae in a cohort of preterm growth-restricted infants in comparison to a cohort of preterm appropriately grown infants. | Journal of paediatrics and child health | 2,019 |
30,288,840 | Intersession improvement and outcome in psychotherapy. | Psychotherapy patients who experience large, stable symptomatic improvement between sessions are more likely than those without such sudden gains to benefit from treatment. However, there is limited empirical basis for the definition of sudden gains, and it is unclear how they may affect symptomatic change at other points in treatment. | Clinical psychology & psychotherapy | 2,019 |
30,288,838 | Coronary artery injury related to catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias: A systematic review. | Catheter ablation (CA) has emerged as the preferred modality of treatment for many cardiac arrhythmias. Anatomical sites of ablation are often located in close proximity to coronary arteries. However, the incidence of CA-related coronary injury has not been well studied. We sought to systematically evaluate all cases of CA-related coronary injuries. | Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology | 2,019 |
30,288,841 | Macroreentrant atrial tachycardia detouring the epicardium at the anterior wall of the left atrium. | A 79-year-old woman with a history of pulmonary vein isolation for persistent atrial fibrillation was admitted for recurrence of atrial tachycardia, with a tachycardia cycle length of 236 milliseconds. The ultra-high-resolution mapping system revealed that tachycardia circuit detouring the epicardium at the anterior wall scar and breaking through to the endocardium below the left atrial appendage. Radiofrequency energy was applied to this site, which successfully terminated the tachycardia. This case suggests that epicardial conduction could occur even at the left atrial anterior wall and identifies a variation in epicardial conduction around the left atrium, which could be a tachycardia circuit. | Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology | 2,019 |
30,288,842 | Life events, coping styles, and psychological well-being in children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol. | Children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol might experience more life events, in particular negative, than children living with parents who do not harmfully consume alcohol. They also primarily use less adaptive coping styles and often demonstrate lower resilience. No studies evaluated whether coping styles or psychological well-being might influence the risk of life events occurrence in children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol. | Clinical psychology & psychotherapy | 2,019 |
30,288,844 | The biopsychosocial model of pain in the context of pediatric burn injuries. | Burns are a common and traumatic source of childhood injury in the United States. The treatment and recovery from burn injuries can be significantly painful and may lead to chronic or persistent pain for years following the initial incident. Further, burn injuries in youth have been found to increase the potential for significant psychosocial (e.g., anxiety, depression, PTSD) and physical (e.g., decreased mobility) impairment. Relatedly, the general experience and processing of pain in youth can also be associated with greater psychosocial (e.g., anxiety, depression) impairment and functional disability over time. However, the phenomenology and associated characteristics of the pain experience following burn injury and, in particular, the potential for combined impact on physical and psychosocial outcomes in youth with severe and/or prolonged pain and a history of burn injury is poorly understood. | European journal of pain (London, England) | 2,019 |
30,288,845 | The temporal signature of self: Temporal measures of resting-state EEG predict self-consciousness. | The self is the core of our mental life. Previous investigations have demonstrated a strong neural overlap between self-related activity and resting state activity. This suggests that information about self-relatedness is encoded in our brain's spontaneous activity. The exact neuronal mechanisms of such "rest-self containment," however, remain unclear. The present EEG study investigated temporal measures of resting state EEG to relate them to self-consciousness. This was obtained with the self-consciousness scale (SCS) which measures Private, Public, and Social dimensions of self. We demonstrate positive correlations between Private self-consciousness and three temporal measures of resting state activity: scale-free activity as indexed by the power-law exponent (PLE), the auto-correlation window (ACW), and modulation index (MI). Specifically, higher PLE, longer ACW, and stronger MI were related to higher degrees of Private self-consciousness. Finally, conducting eLORETA for spatial tomography, we found significant correlation of Private self-consciousness with activity in cortical midline structures such as the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. These results were reinforced with a data-driven analysis; a machine learning algorithm accurately predicted an individual as having a "high" or "low" Private self-consciousness score based on these measures of the brain's spatiotemporal structure. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Private self-consciousness is related to the temporal structure of resting state activity as featured by temporal nestedness (PLE), temporal continuity (ACW), and temporal integration (MI). Our results support the hypothesis that self-related information is temporally contained in the brain's resting state. "Rest-self containment" can thus be featured by a temporal signature. | Human brain mapping | 2,019 |
30,288,846 | Efficacy and safety of motherwort injection add-on therapy to carboprost tromethamine for prevention of post-partum blood loss: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | Motherwort (YiMuCao), a traditional Chinese herb, has been shown beneficial effects for women's diseases. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of motherwort injection add-on therapy to carboprost tromethamine for prevention of post-partum blood loss. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang from their inception to December 2017. Randomized controlled trials that determined the add-on effects of motherwort injection to carboprost for prevention of post-partum blood loss were eligible. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to summarize the effect sizes. Eight trials including 1276 pregnant women fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Prophylactic use of motherwort injection add-on therapy significantly reduced the post-partum 2 h (MD -127.5 mL; 95% CI -149.13 to -105.88) and 24 h (MD -146.85 mL; 95% CI -179.77 to -113.94) blood loss and incidence of post-partum hemorrhage (RR 0.28; 95% CI 0.17-0.45) than carboprost. Moreover, adjunctive treatment with motherwort injection significantly decreased the length of the third stage of labor (MD -3.41 min; 95% CI -4.33 to -2.49) and duration of lochia (MD -7.13 days; 95% CI -8.49 to -5.76). There was no statistical significant difference in the incidence of adverse events (RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.50-1.16). Prophylactic use of motherwort injection add-on therapy to carboprost tromethamine could reduce post-partum blood loss. However, more well-designed trials are necessary to confirm the findings of this study due to the methodological flaws of the included trials. | The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research | 2,019 |
30,288,850 | Sensory disturbances induced by sensorimotor conflicts are higher in complex regional pain syndrome and fibromyalgia compared to arthritis and healthy people, and positively relate to pain intensity. | Sensorimotor conflicts are well known to induce sensory disturbances. However, explanations as to why patients with chronic pain are more sensitive to sensorimotor conflicts remain elusive. The main objectives of this study were (a) to assess and compare the sensory disturbances induced by sensorimotor conflict in complex regional pain syndrome (n = 38), fibromyalgia (n = 36), arthritis (n = 34) as well as in healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 32); (b) to assess whether these disturbances were related to the intensity and duration of pain, or to other clinical variables assessed using questionnaires (abnormalities in sensory perception, depression and anxiety); and (c) to categorize different subgroups of conflict-induced sensory disturbances. | European journal of pain (London, England) | 2,019 |
30,288,851 | IRGM promotes glioma M2 macrophage polarization through p62/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway mediated IL-8 production. | Alternatively activated (M2) macrophage promotes glioma progression and immune escape as the most immunocyte in glioma microenvironment. Finding out the key protein regulating M2 macrophage polarization is necessary for improving treatment. Whether immunity related GTPase M (IRGM) is involved in glioma development and M2 macrophage polarization is unknown. IRGM and M2 macrophage marker CD206 expression were examined using immunohistochemistry among 35 glioma and 11 non-cancerous brain specimens. We found IRGM scores were positively correlated with CD206 scores in glioma specimens and monocyte proportion in blood samples. A172 glioma cells transfected with either IRGM knock-down lentivirus (Lenti-IRGM) or control lentivirus (Lenti-HK) were subcutaneously injected into nude mice. In vivo, xenografted glioma size of the Lenti-IRGM group was smaller and had weaker fluorescence signal than Lenti-HK control group. Immunofluorescence results showed that there was obviously decreased IRGM, CD206, and IL-8 expression in the mice glioma of Lenti-IRGM group than Lenti-HK control group. In vitro, flow cytometry results showed that M2 polarization from THP-1 cocultured with Lenti-IRGM glioma cells decreased in contrast to that with Lenti-HK glioma cells; there were less interleukin-8 (IL-8) and macrophage inflammation protein 3-α (MIP-3α), but more interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the supernatant of Lenti-IRGM glioma cells than matched control. Western blot and immunofluorescence displayed that IRGM strongly promoted sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1), necrosis factor receptor-activating factor 6 (TRAF6) expression and NF-κB transportation to the nucleus. Realtime PCR results demonstrated IRGM also promoted NF-κB downstream cytokines IL-8 and MIP-3α mRNA expression. These data suggested that IRGM could promote glioma development and M2 macrophage polarization by regulating p62/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway-mediated IL-8 production. | Cell biology international | 2,019 |
30,288,853 | Efficacy and Safety of Computed Tomography-Guided Pulsed Radiofrequency Modulation of Thoracic Dorsal Root Ganglion on Herpes Zoster Neuralgia. | Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) can relieve postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) caused by herpes zoster (HZ) infection. Nevertheless, its curative effect can vary and may be related to the duration of treatment period. The following study investigates the efficacy and safety of CT-guided PRF modulation on HZ neuralgia over different periods and different time points. | Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society | 2,019 |
30,288,854 | Interesting case of dual tachycardia in a patient with surgical closure of atrial septal defect. | A 34-year-old gentleman, who had undergone pericardial patch closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) at 8 years of age, was evaluated for shortness of breath. Electrocardiogram revealed typical atrial flutter with varying atrioventricular conduction. Echocardiogram showed no residual ASD or pulmonary hypertension and good biventricular function. He was taken for an electrophysiological study with the intention of radiofrequency ablation of the typical flutter. | Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology | 2,019 |
30,288,855 | Mesenchymal stem cells induced anti-inflammatory features in B cells from breast tumor draining lymph nodes. | The immune-modulatory effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on B cells in cancer has not been well elucidated. Herein, the interaction between B cells and ASCs isolated from the breast fat of either normal (nASCs) or breast cancer women (cASCs) was investigated. B cells derived from breast tumor draining lymph nodes were co-cultured with nASCs or cASCs and B cells proliferation was assessed in direct and transwell assays. Moreover, B cells were co-cultured with cASCs, nASCs or mesenchymal stromal cells of the tumor tissue (TSCs) and B cell cytokine production was assessed using flow cytometery. cASCs or TSCs were co-cultured with either intact or B cell depleted lymphocytes and frequencies of CD25 | Cell biology international | 2,018 |
30,288,858 | Preservation of the colo-anal reflex in colonic transection and post-operative Hirschsprung's disease: Potential extrinsic neural pathway. | The colo-anal reflex is a distinct reflex whereby the internal anal sphincter (IAS) relaxes in association with colonic high amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs) in contrast to the recto-anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), which is characterized by IAS relaxation upon rectal distension. The RAIR is mediated by the myenteric plexus and therefore absent in Hirschsprung disease. We retrospectively assessed the presence and the characteristics of the colo-anal reflex in children in whom large bowel continuity had been surgically disrupted to assess the role of the extrinsic nervous system in the reflex. | Neurogastroenterology and motility | 2,019 |
30,288,859 | Herniation of the amniotic sac through congenital uterine defect confirmed during operation: A case report. | Herniation of the amniotic sac into the peritoneal cavity or bladder is a rare but serious condition during pregnancy, which has not been reported in pored congenital uterine anomaly. Here, we report a rare case to draw obstetricians' attention to the atypical uterine rupture. A primigravida at 35 weeks of gestation was admitted for upper abdominal pain. A primary diagnosis of uterine rupture was made after finding the amniotic sac herniation through obstetric ultrasound. Exploration during emergent cesarean section revealed symmetrical pored defect on the uterine horn. The diagnosis of uterine anomaly was eventually made. The educational meaning of this rare case is that it is advisable to rule out uterine anomalies when signs of uterine rupture are suspected during pregnancy while contributory risk factors have not been identified. Besides, it is of vital importance to make a full assessment of both the mother and the fetus so to determine the appropriate time of termination. | The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research | 2,019 |
30,288,860 | Loganin prevents BV-2 microglia cells from Aβ | Neuroinflammation is closely related with the pathogenesis and progress of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Loganin, an iridoid glycoside obtained from traditional Chinese medicine Cornus officinalis, has properties of inhibiting inflammation and improving memory. The present study was aimed to investigate effects of loganin on Aβ-induced inflammation and to explore the underlying mechanisms. BV-2 microglia cells were stimulated with 10 µM Aβ | Cell biology international | 2,018 |
30,288,867 | Recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone purification by a short peptide affinity chromatography. | Peptide KVPLITVSKAK was selected to design a synthetic ligand for affinity chromatography purification of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH), based on the interaction of the hormone with the exoloop 3 of its receptor. The peptide was acetylated to improve its stability to degradation by exopeptidases. A cysteine was incorporated at the C-termini to facilitate its immobilization to the chromatographic activated SulfoLink agarose resin. A sample of crude rhFSH was loaded to the affinity column, using 20 mM sodium phosphate, 0.5 mM methionine, and pH 5.6 and 7.2 as adsorption and elution buffers, respectively. The dynamic capacity of the matrix was 54.6 mg rhFSH/mL matrix and the purity 94%. The percentage of oxidized rhFSH was 3.4%, and that of the free subunits was 1.2%, both in the range established by the European Pharmacopeia, as also were the sialic acid content and the isoforms profile. | Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society | 2,018 |
30,288,870 | Characterization of a peptide containing the major heparin binding domain of human hepatic lipase. | Human hepatic lipase (hHL) is a cell surface associated enzyme that hydrolyzes triacylglycerols and phospholipids within circulating lipoproteins. We hypothesized that an amino acid sequence mimicking the major heparin binding domain (HBD) of hHL will displace hHL from cell surfaces. To test this hypothesis, we generated a recombinant protein of thioredoxin linked with a cleavable, tagged sequence containing amino acids 442 to 476 of the mature hHL sequence, which contains the major HBD of hHL. The recombinant protein associated with heparin-sepharose, and its peak elution from heparin-sepharose occurred in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl. We cleaved and purified the tagged sequence containing the HBD from the recombinant protein and tested the ability of the peptide to displace full-length hHL from HEK-293 cells. The peptide indeed displaced hHL from cell surfaces, while no significant displacement was observed in the presence of a peptide with a scrambled sequence. Finally, we obtained structural information for the peptide containing the HBD. | Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society | 2,018 |
30,288,871 | Paradox of meritocracy in surgical selection, and of variation in the attractiveness of individual specialties: to what extent are women still disadvantaged? | Evidence from outside surgery suggests that meritocracy-based processes around selection tend to reduce, rather than increase, diversity. In recent years, the surgical training boards have gone to considerable effort to achieve greater transparency and fairness in their selection processes, and to identify those attributes that are believed to best predict future success as a surgeon. This is consistent with the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Diversity and Inclusion Plan, which places emphasis on gender equity and has goals that include increasing the attractiveness of surgery as a vocation for women, removing impediments to them applying to the surgical training programmes and removing any biases that might disadvantage them during the selection process. | ANZ journal of surgery | 2,019 |
30,288,872 | Secondary failure of TNF-α inhibitors in clinical practice. | Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a leading inflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In case of a severe course of psoriasis and moderate-to-severe disease in which traditional systemic treatments are ineffective or contraindicated, TNF-α inhibitors (iTNF-α) are used. This class of drugs includes monoclonal antibodies and a fusion protein (etanercept) and can induce a humoral or cell-mediated immune response, leading to formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). The immunogenicity may affect iTNF-α drug pharmacokinetics, which would lead to hampering the clinical response (secondary drug failure), so a need to increase the drug dose arises. Antibodies against monoclonal antibodies (adalimumab, infliximab) have been associated with diminished clinical response, while against etanercept are non-neutralizing and appear to have no significant effect on clinical response and treatment safety. Switching of biologic agents may be one strategy in ADA-associated secondary failure of iTNF-α. However researches are needed to identify risk factors for ADA development and investigate management strategies for optimized treatment response. The authors reviewed the literature on the effectiveness of iTNF-α and pointed out the prevention of secondary failure in clinical practice. | Dermatologic therapy | 2,019 |
30,288,875 | Implication of SLIT3-ROBO1/ROBO2 in granulosa cell proliferation, differentiation and follicle selection in the prehierarchical follicles of hen ovary. | The SLIT/ROBO pathway has been implicated in prehierarchical follicular development of hen ovary by an intrafollicular autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. SLIT3, one of the key components of the SLIT/ROBO family, serves as a ligand that potentially interacts with the four receptors, ROBO1, ROBO2, ROBO3 and ROBO4. But the exact roles and regulatory mechanism of SLIT3 in chicken ovarian follicle development remain largely unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the potential roles and molecular regulation of SLIT3 in granulosa cell (GC) proliferation, differentiation and follicle selection within the prehierarchical follicles of hen ovary. We found that SLIT3 interacts physically with the four ROBO receptors, but the expression of the ROBO1 and ROBO2 genes are more susceptible to the regulation of SLIT3 ligand than that of the ROBO3 and ROBO4 genes. Moreover, the siRNA-mediated knockdown of SLIT3 in the follicular GCs leads to a significant increase in cell proliferation. Conversely, overexpression of SLIT3 results in a remarkable reduction in GC proliferation. Furthermore, the overexpressed SLIT3 has notably decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHR), growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) and cytochrome P450 11A1 (CYP11A1) in the GCs. These results indicated that SLIT3 may play an inhibitory effect on GC proliferation, differentiation and follicle selection, and these suppressive actions of SLIT3 in the GC proliferation can be prohibited by the siRNA-mediated knockdown of ROBO1 and ROBO2 receptors. The current data provide a basis for further investigation of molecular mechanisms of SLIT3-ROBO1/2 pathway in controlling the prehierarchical follicle development of the hen ovary. | Cell biology international | 2,018 |
30,288,876 | Experimentally manipulating light spectra reveals the importance of dark corridors for commuting bats. | The rapid global spread of artificial light at night is causing unprecedented disruption to ecosystems. In otherwise dark environments, street lights restrict the use of major flight routes by some bats, including the threatened lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros, and may disrupt foraging. Using radio tracking, we examined the response of individual female R. hipposideros to experimental street lights placed on hedgerows used as major flight routes. Hedgerows were illuminated on one side over four nights using lights with different emission spectra, while the opposite side of the hedge was not illuminated. Automated bat detectors were used to examine changes in overall bat activity by R. hipposideros and other bat species present. R. hipposideros activity reduced significantly under all light types, including red light, challenging a previously held assumption that red light is safe for bats. Despite this, R. hipposideros rapidly adapted to the presence of lights by switching their flight paths to the dark side of the hedgerow, enabling them to reach foraging sites without restriction. Red light had no effect on the activity of the other species present. Slow-flying Myotis spp. avoided orange, white and green light, while more agile Pipistrellus spp. were significantly more active at these light types compared to dark controls, most probably in response to accumulations of insect prey. No effect of any light type was found for Nyctalus or Eptesicus spp. Our findings demonstrate that caution must be used when promoting forms of lighting that are thought to be safe for wildlife before they are tested more widely. We argue that it is essential to preserve dark corridors to mitigate the impacts of artificial light at night on bat activity and movements. | Global change biology | 2,018 |
30,288,878 | Supramolecular Electropolymerization. | Gaining control over supramolecular polymerization mechanisms is of high fundamental interest to understand self-assembly and self-organization processes at the nanoscale. It is also expected to significantly impact the design and improve the efficiency of advanced materials and devices. Up to now, supramolecular polymerization has been shown to take place from unimers in solution, mainly by variations of temperature or of concentration. Reported here is that supramolecular nucleation-growth of triarylamine monomers can be triggered by electrochemistry in various solvents. The involved mechanism offers new opportunities to precisely address in space and time the nucleation of supramolecular polymers at an electrode. To illustrate the potential of this methodology, supramolecular nanowires are grown an oriented over several tens of micrometers between different types of commercially available electrodes submitted to a single DC electric field, reaching a precision unprecedented in the literature. | Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) | 2,018 |
30,288,887 | A Tailored DNA Nanoplatform for Synergistic RNAi-/Chemotherapy of Multidrug-Resistant Tumors. | Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the clinical treatment of cancer. Herein, a facile strategy is reported to construct a versatile DNA nanostructure as a co-delivery vector of RNA interference (RNAi) and chemodrugs to combat multidrug-resistant tumor (MCF-7R) in vitro and in vivo. In the tailored nanocarrier, two linear small hairpin RNA (shRNA) transcription templates targeting MDR-associated genes (gene of P-glycoprotein, a typical drug efflux pump; and gene of survivin, a representative anti-apoptotic protein) are precisely organized in the chemodrug (doxorubicin, DOX) pre-loaded DNA origami. With the incorporation of active targeting and controlled-release elements, these multifunctional DNA nanocarriers can successfully enter the target MCF-7R cells and synergistically inhibit tumor growth without apparent systemic toxicity. This tailored DNA nanoplatform, which combines RNAi therapy and chemotherapy, provides a new strategy for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tumors. | Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) | 2,018 |
30,288,888 | Genetic determinants of activity and antigen levels of contact system factors. | Essentials Genetic variation may provide valuable insight into the role of the contact system in thrombosis. Explored associations of genetic variants with activity, antigen, and disease in RATIO study. Two novel loci were identified: KLKB1 rs4253243 for prekallikrein; KNG1 rs5029980 for HMWK levels. Contact system variants and haplotypes were not associated with myocardial infarction or stroke. SUMMARY: Background The complex, interdependent contact activation system has been implicated in thrombotic disease, although few genetic determinants of levels of proteins from this system are known. Objectives Our primary aim was to study the influence of common F11, F12, KLKB1, and KNG1 variants on factor (F) XI activity and FXI, FXII, prekallikrein (PK) and high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK) antigen levels, as well as the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Patients/methods We analyzed samples from all 630 healthy participants, 182 ischemic stroke patients and 216 myocardial infarction patients in the RATIO case-control study of women aged < 50 years. Forty-three tagging single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were genotyped to represent common genetic variation in the contact system genes. Antigen and activity levels were measured with sandwich-ELISA-based and one-stage clotting assays. We performed single variant, age-adjusted, linear regression analyses per trait and disease phenotype, assuming additive inheritance and determined conditionally independent associations. Haplotypes based on the lead SNV and all conditionally independent SNVs were tested for association with traits and disease. Results We identified two novel associations of KLKB1 SNV rs4253243 with PK antigen (β | Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH | 2,019 |
30,288,891 | Treatment of patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcoma: predictors of outcome from an Australian specialist sarcoma centre. | Several unanswered questions surround the management of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). Guidelines recommend treatment by a multidisciplinary team at a specialized referral centre. The objective of this study was to describe the management of RPS at an Australian specialist sarcoma centre, comparing outcomes to international standards and analysing for predictors of local failure. | ANZ journal of surgery | 2,018 |
30,288,893 | Update on diagnosis and anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism. | Venous thromboembolism (VTE) continues to be a common medical problem requiring the need for rapid treatment with anticoagulant therapy. Until the recent availability of the direct oral anticoagulants for treatment of VTE, the option for oral anticoagulation was limited to warfarin therapy. The addition of these new medications has been welcomed, but has led to added complexities in deciding the most appropriate agent for each patient based on individual risk factors. Furthermore, there are several circumstances where optimal duration of therapy is not well established. This article will focus on the diagnosis of VTE, the choice of anticoagulant and treatment duration. | Internal medicine journal | 2,018 |
30,288,895 | Supporting the on-call primary care physician with community paramedicine. | Prior to being referred to the emergency department (ED), patients such as the frail elderly often call their primary care physician. However, the on-call primary care physician or covering provider does not always have the tools to make an accurate and safe assessment over the phone or to treat patients remotely. This often results in preventable transport to an ED, avoidable admissions and iatrogenic events. An opportunity exists to reduce unnecessary ED referrals by enhancing the capabilities of the on-call primary care physician. In this communication, we describe the development of a community paramedicine programme that supports on-call primary care providers managing a high-risk patient population with the goal of reducing avoidable ED referrals. | Internal medicine journal | 2,018 |
30,288,901 | Low rates of eligibility for lung cancer screening in patients undergoing computed tomography coronary angiography. | Incidental findings, including pulmonary nodules, on computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) are common. Previous authors have suggested CTCA could allow opportunistic screening for lung cancer, though the lung cancer risk profile of this patient group has not previously been established. Smoking histories of 229 patients undergoing CTCA at two tertiary hospitals were reviewed and only 25% were current or former smokers aged 55-80 years old. Less than half of this group were eligible for screening based on the PLCO | Internal medicine journal | 2,018 |
30,288,903 | Changing landscape of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer germline genetic testing in Australia. | Federal funding for germline genetic testing in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) was recently introduced. Germline testing for HBOC under Medicare Benefits Schedule items 73296/73297 can be requested by any specialist, whereas the previous state- and territory-funded testing was limited to those operating within a familial cancer service. The impact of this decentralisation of HBOC testing on health and economic outcomes is uncertain, primarily as it has potential to significantly disrupt the clinical framework that generated the evidence used to justify clinical implementation of the Medicare Benefits Schedules. | Internal medicine journal | 2,018 |
30,288,899 | Absence of renal phenotype in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. | Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is characterised by abnormal blood vessel formation, producing telangiectasia and arteriovenous malformations in multiple organs. Information regarding possible renal involvement in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is limited. This study assessed renal structure and function in 11 patients with genetically confirmed diagnosis and known arteriovenous malformations in lung, liver, gastrointestinal tract or brain. All had significant current or past epistaxis. Despite the vascularity of the kidneys, we found no evidence of renal involvement. This observation warrants further consideration. | Internal medicine journal | 2,018 |
30,288,900 | Decompressive hemicraniectomy after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction: does hospital of origin matter? | Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) has been shown to reduce mortality in malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Our primary objective was to compare 1-year mortality between patients receiving DHC for malignant MCA infarction at our institution based on hospital of origin. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients treated for malignant MCA infarction with DHC at our institution over a 3-year period. One-year mortality rates and time to surgery were comparable regardless of whether the patient first attended the tertiary referral centre or a peripheral centre. | Internal medicine journal | 2,018 |
30,288,909 | Improving the accuracy of the initial rise method and extending its applicability to evaluate the order of kinetics of TL glow peaks. | The classical initial rise method is limited to evaluate the activation energy for signal levels that do not exceed 10-15% of the maximum intensity. When it becomes necessary to include higher signal levels the associated error in the activation energy increases. In the present work we introduced a new correction factor for the activation energy obtained by the initial rise method in terms of the percentage of maximum intensity and the geometrical factor of the glow peak. The new expression reflects the dependence of the correction factor on the order of kinetics through the geometrical factor, especially when high signal levels are involved in the analysis. With this correction, the initial rise method can be applied to signal levels up to 70% of the maximum intensity with errors lower than those encountered in applying the classical method at low intensity levels (~10% of the maximum intensity). In addition, the order of kinetics was evaluated based on the difference between the corrected value of E and the one obtained by the initial rise method. The present procedure was applied to the glow curve of Li | Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence | 2,018 |
30,288,907 | Discovery of an MLLT1/3 YEATS Domain Chemical Probe. | YEATS domain (YD) containing proteins are an emerging class of epigenetic targets in drug discovery. Dysregulation of these modified lysine-binding proteins has been linked to the onset and progression of cancers. We herein report the discovery and characterisation of the first small-molecule chemical probe, SGC-iMLLT, for the YD of MLLT1 (ENL/YEATS1) and MLLT3 (AF9/YEATS3). SGC-iMLLT is a potent and selective inhibitor of MLLT1/3-histone interactions. Excellent selectivity over other human YD proteins (YEATS2/4) and bromodomains was observed. Furthermore, our probe displays cellular target engagement of MLLT1 and MLLT3. The first small-molecule X-ray co-crystal structures with the MLLT1 YD are also reported. This first-in-class probe molecule can be used to understand MLLT1/3-associated biology and the therapeutic potential of small-molecule YD inhibitors. | Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) | 2,018 |
30,288,911 | A "seasonal bromoderma" in a farmer. | Bromoderma is a rare skin disease caused by the ingestion, inhalation, or contact with products containing bromides. We report a case of bromoderma in a 36-year-old farmer, characterized by remission during the spring and exacerbation during the winter. The recognition of the use of products containing bromides during the winter helped us to understand the cause of the clinical condition. | Dermatologic therapy | 2,019 |
30,288,904 | Never too old for an inherited condition. | Primary ciliary dyskinesia is an uncommon, inherited condition causing progressive suppurative airway lung disease with subsequent bronchiectasis, chronic rhinitis-sinusitis, deafness and reduced fertility. Diagnosis is often delayed by lack of awareness of the condition in the medical community and limited access to the few centres in Australia able to do full diagnostic testing. This report details the late diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia in two adults who have had long-standing interactions with medical services but in whom the diagnosis was never considered or even dismissed. Greater awareness of the condition will reduce time to diagnosis, prevent administration of ineffective therapy and allow earlier institution of targeted therapy. | Internal medicine journal | 2,018 |
30,288,912 | Cell Wall Proteome Investigation of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Developing Grain in Endosperm and Outer Layers. | The remodeling of cell wall polysaccharides is controlled by cell wall proteins (CWPs) during the development of wheat grain. This work describes for the first time the cell wall proteomes of the endosperm and outer layers of the wheat developing grain, which have distinct physiological functions and technological uses. Altogether 636 nonredundant predicted CWPs are identified with 337 proteins in the endosperm and 594 proteins in the outer layers, among which 295 proteins are present in both tissues, suggesting both common and tissue specific remodeling activities. These proteins are distributed into eight functional classes. Approximatively a quarter of them were predicted to act on cell wall polysaccharides, with many glycosylhydrolases and also expansin, lyases, and carbohydrate esterases. Therefore, these results provide crucial data to go further in the understanding of relationship between tissue-specific morphogenesis and cell wall remodeling in cereals. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010367. | Proteomics | 2,018 |
30,288,910 | Sexual dimorphism in immunity across animals: a meta-analysis. | In animals, sex differences in immunity are proposed to shape variation in infection prevalence and intensity among individuals in a population, with females typically expected to exhibit superior immunity due to life-history trade-offs. We performed a systematic meta-analysis to investigate the magnitude and direction of sex differences in immunity and to identify factors that shape sex-biased immunocompetence. In addition to considering taxonomic and methodological effects as moderators, we assessed age-related effects, which are predicted to occur if sex differences in immunity are due to sex-specific resource allocation trade-offs with reproduction. In a meta-analysis of 584 effects from 124 studies, we found that females exhibit a significantly stronger immune response than do males, but the effect size is relatively small, and became non-significant after controlling for phylogeny. Female-biased immunity was more pronounced in adult than immature animals. More recently published studies did not report significantly smaller effect sizes. Among taxonomic and methodological subsets of the data, some of the largest effect sizes were in insects, further supporting previous suggestions that testosterone is not the only potential driver of sex differences in immunity. Our findings challenge the notion of pervasive biases towards female-biased immunity and the role of testosterone in driving these differences. | Ecology letters | 2,018 |
30,288,919 | Canonical Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling regulate animal/vegetal axial patterning in the cephalochordate amphioxus. | In bilaterians, animal/vegetal axial (A/V) patterning is a fundamental early developmental event for establishment of animal/vegetal polarity and following specification of the germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm), of which the evolutionary origin is enigmatic. Understanding A/V axial patterning in a basal animal from each phylum would help to reconstruct the ancestral state of germ layer specification in bilaterians and thus, the evolution of mesoderm, the third intermediate cell layer. Herein, data show that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin (cWnt) and Notch signaling pathways control mesoderm specification from the early endomesoderm in the basal chordate amphioxus. Amphioxus belongs to the deuterostome, one of the main superphyla in Bilateria. In the present study, genes (tcf, dsh, axin, gsk3β) encoding cWnt components were expressed in the endomesoderm during the gastrula stages. Excess cWnt signaling by BIO, a GSK3 inhibitor, expanded the expression domains of outer endomesodermal genes that include future mesodermal ones and suppressed inner endomesodermal and ectodermal genes. Interfering Notch signaling by DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor, resulted in decreased expression of ectodermal and endomesodermal markers. These results suggest that cWnt and Notch have important roles in mesoderm specification in amphioxus embryos. The evolution of the mesoderm is also discussed. | Evolution & development | 2,019 |
30,288,920 | Gender-Specific Body Areas Satisfaction and Body Weight Status in Adolescents: Mediating Effects of Physical Activity, Fruit and Vegetable Intake, and Energy-Dense Food Intake. | Body satisfaction is one of the key modifiable cognitive determinants of eating behaviours, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). As the sociocultural models suggest, low body satisfaction may explain unhealthy eating and exercise behaviours. Importantly, body satisfaction levels and body areas that individuals focus on vary across genders. This study aims at investigating links between the global index of body areas satisfaction (BAS), gender-specific BAS, fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake, energy-dense foods intake, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and BMI. | Applied psychology. Health and well-being | 2,019 |
30,288,922 | Draft genomes and genomic divergence of two Lepidurus tadpole shrimp species (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Notostraca). | Crustaceans of the order Notostraca (Branchiopoda) are distributed worldwide and are known for the remarkable morphological stasis between their extant and Permian fossil species. Moreover, these crustaceans show relevant ecological traits and a wide range of reproductive strategies. However, genomic studies on notostracans are fairly limited. Here, we present the genome sequences of two notostracan taxa, Lepidurus arcticus and Lepidurus apus lubbocki. Taking advantage of the small genome sizes (~0.11 pg) of these taxa, genomes were sequenced for one individual per species with one run on the Illumina HiSeq X platform. We finally assembled 73.2 Mbp (L. arcticus) and 90.3 Mbp (L. apus lubbocki) long genomes. Assemblies cover up to 84% of the estimated genome size, with a gene completeness >97% for both genomes. In total, 13%-16% of the assembled genomes consist of repeats, and based on read mapping, L. apus lubbocki shows a significantly lower transposable element content than L. arcticus. The analysis of 2,376 orthologous genes indicates an ~7% divergence between the two Lepidurus taxa, with a nucleotide substitution rate significantly lower than that of Daphnia taxa. K | Molecular ecology resources | 2,019 |
30,288,930 | Hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer: Impact of CDK4/6 inhibitors on the current treatment paradigm. | Resistance to endocrine therapy is a significant therapeutic challenge in the treatment of women with hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy have been shown to improve progression free survival, overall response rate and clinical benefit rate in women with HR+ HER2- metastatic breast cancer compared with endocrine therapy alone. This review examines the clinical evidence to support the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in first and second line settings. Practical guidance is provided for the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors, including tolerability data, monitoring requirements and management of key toxicities for each of the available agents. | Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology | 2,018 |
30,288,929 | Emerging data and future directions for CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment of patients with hormone receptor positive HER2-non-amplified metastatic breast cancer. | Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4/6) inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy are currently the optimal first line treatment for hormone receptor (HR) positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) non-amplified metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, not all patients benefit from this treatment and all patients will inevitably progress. Identifying therapeutic strategies in this setting is therefore of immediate clinical importance. We present an overview of the mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors and review potential biomarkers that may guide therapy selection. We also discuss the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the context of non-HR-positive/HER2-non-amplified breast cancer and in combination with therapies other than endocrine therapy. | Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology | 2,018 |
30,288,932 | The Neuropeptide Secretoneurin Exerts a Direct Effect on Arteriogenesis In Vivo and In Vitro. | It is well known that nerves modulate the development and remodeling of blood vessels by releasing different neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. Secretoneurin (SN), a neuropeptide located in nerve fibers along blood vessels, acts as a pro-angiogenic agent and induces postnatal vasculogenesis. However, little is known about its involvement in arteriogenesis. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that SN promotes arteriogenesis in a rat model of hind limb ischemia, as such, we evaluated the effect of this neuropeptide on proliferation and the production of adhesion and chemotaxis molecules in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the main component that carries the burden of the transformation of a small arteriole into a large collateral vessel. In vivo, SN-immunoreactive nerve fibers were abundantly distributed in the adventitia of the collateral vessel. Moreover, administration of SN induced cell proliferation in the vascular wall and the infiltration of inflammatory cells/macrophages to promote collateral vessel growth. This was shown by an increased density of arterioles/arteries, together with a well-developed network of collateral vessels, and well-preserved skeletal muscles. In vitro, SN exerted proliferative effects on VSMCs and stimulated these cells to express adhesion molecules. In conclusion, our data demonstrate for the first time that SN acts as a mediator of inflammation, contributing to collateral vessel growth, in addition to directly stimulating cell proliferation in the vascular wall to promote collateral vessel growth in a rat model of hind limb ischemia. Anat Rec, 301:1917-1927, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) | 2,018 |
30,288,933 | Non-human primates as a reservoir for rabies virus in Brazil. | Rabies virus (RABV) does not persist in the environment as it is a very fragile agent. The primary hosts are mammalian species in the orders Carnivora and Chiroptera. Since the late 1980s, RABV has been isolated from non-human primates, Callithrix jacchus (the white-tufted marmoset), in four coastal states (Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Piauí and Pernambuco) in north-eastern Brazil, where this species is indigenous. The original habitat of C. jacchus consisted of two Brazilian biomes, the Atlantic Forest and the Caatinga. However, these marmosets have since adapted to other ecosystems as a result of human activities. Between 1988 and 1989, RABV isolates were obtained from white-tufted marmosets in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, but antigenic and genetic identification studies were not conducted at that time. In the following years, three additional states reported cases (Ceará, Piauí and Pernambuco). In two of these states (Ceará and Piauí), human cases of rabies transmitted by marmosets were reported. According to Brazilian Health Ministry data, at least 19 human cases in which this species was the source of infection were registered in between 1990 and 2016. Recent findings in laboratory tests of 12 rabid samples from humans and marmosets and the regional transmission among these animals for over 20 years, together with the gradual increase in the affected geographic area, support the concept of the emergence of a new RABV reservoir. Regional tourism, the wild animal trade and the cultural practice of maintaining these animals as pets, particularly in coastal regions, appear to be major risk factors for the increase in human cases. Additional epidemiological and ecological studies are required to better understand local disease dynamics and to identify ideal opportunities for prevention and control of this fatal infection. | Zoonoses and public health | 2,019 |
30,288,931 | Ion- and Electron-Conductive Buffering Layer-Modified Si Film for Use as a High-Rate Long-Term Lithium-Ion Battery Anode. | The rational design of electrochemically and mechanically stable Si anodes is of great importance for the development of high energy density lithium-ion batteries. In this study, patterned Si-based (Si/ZnO/C) trilayer composite films were synthesized by magnetron sputtering with the assistance of a patterned mask. The electron-conductive C layer at the top of the composite film is deposited to enhance the interfacial stability between active film and electrolyte. The ion- and electron-conductive Li | ChemSusChem | 2,019 |
30,288,935 | Defining specific residue-to-residue interactions between the gp120 bridging sheet and the N-terminal segment of CCR5: applications of transferred NOE NMR. | Infection by HIV-1 requires protein-protein interactions involving gp120, CD4 and CCR5. We have previously demonstrated that the transferred nuclear Overhauser effect (TRNOE), in combination with asymmetric deuteration of a protein and a peptide ligand can be used to detect intermolecular interactions in large protein complexes with molecular weights up to ~ 100 kDa. Here, using this approach, we reveal interactions between tyrosine residues of a 27-residue peptide corresponding to the N-terminal segment of the CCR5 chemokine receptor, and a dimeric extended core | The FEBS journal | 2,018 |
30,288,934 | Rapid determination of anticoagulating effects of dabigatran in whole blood with rotational thromboelastometry and a thrombin-based trigger. | Essentials A rapid test to detect thrombin inhibition by dabigatran would be valuable in acute situations. A thrombin-based trigger was applied in whole blood using rotation thromboelastometry. Effects of dabigatran were assessed in vitro and in samples from patients on dabigatran. The test produced data rapidly and was sensitive to dabigatran concentrations from 20 to 500 ng mL | Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH | 2,018 |
30,288,936 | GammaKnife versus VMAT radiosurgery plan quality for many brain metastases. | The purpose of this work was to compare dose distributions between two radiosurgery modalities, single-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and GammaKnife Perfexion (GK), in the treatment of a large number (≥7) of brain metastases. Twelve patients with 103 brain metastases were analyzed. The median number of targets per patient was 8 (range: 7-14). GK plans were compared to noncoplanar VMAT plans using both 6-MV flattening filter-free (FFF) and 10-MV FFF modes. Parameters analyzed included radiation therapy oncology group conformity index (CI), 12, 6, and 3 Gy isodose volumes (V12 Gy, V6 Gy, V3 Gy), mean and maximum hippocampal dose, and maximum skin dose. There were statistically significant differences in CI (2.5 ± 1.6 vs 1.6 ± 0.8 and 1.7 ± 0.9, P < 0.001, P < 0.001), V12 Gy (2.8 ± 6.1 cc vs 3.0 ± 5.2 cc and 3.1 ± 5.4 cc, P = 0.003, P < 0.001), and V3 Gy (323.0 ± 294.8 cc vs, 880.1 ± 369.1 cc and 937.9 ± vs 361.9 cc, P = 0.005, P = 0.001) between GK versus both 6-MV FFF and 10-MV FFF. No significant differences existed for maximum hippocampal or skin doses. In conclusion, highly optimized VMAT produced improved conformity at the expense of a higher V12 Gy and V3 Gy volume when compared with highly optimized GK. | Journal of applied clinical medical physics | 2,018 |
30,288,937 | The effects of endogenous and exogenous catecholamines on hypoxic cardiac performance in red-bellied piranhas. | Catecholamines protect the fish heart during hypoxia. However, the humoral adrenergic stress response may only be invoked in extremis. We investigated the hypothesis that endogenous (e.g., neuronal) myocardial catecholamines may also impact cardiac performance during hypoxia in a hypoxia-tolerant tropical fish, the red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri). First, we measured endogenous tissue catecholamines and in vitro catecholamine release from piranha myocardium using ultraperformance liquid chromatography. Ventricle homogenates contained detectable levels of both adrenaline (7.27 ng/g) and noradrenaline (14.48 ng/g), but only noradrenaline was released from ventricular tissue incubated in Ringer's solution. Noradrenaline released in this assay was not affected by hypoxia but was promoted by the catecholamine releasing agent tyramine. Our second series of experiments explored cardiac contractile performance in vitro using tyramine, exogenous noradrenaline or adrenaline, and propranolol (a β-adrenoceptor antagonist). In ventricular strip preparations, β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol had no effects on twitch force or contraction kinetics in either normoxia or hypoxia, confirming that spontaneous endogenous catecholamine release did not impact cardiac performance. However, in the absence of propranolol, tyramine mimicked the positive inotropic effect of noradrenaline (10 µM) during hypoxia, although adrenaline was capable of generating larger effects. Our results suggest that, although it is not spontaneously released, inducible endogenous noradrenaline release may have a significant β-adrenoceptor-dependent impact on hypoxic performance in the fish heart. | Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology | 2,019 |
30,288,938 | Clinical outcomes among morbidly obese patients hospitalized with diabetic foot complications. | The aim of the study is to investigate effects of morbid obesity on patients hospitalized with diabetic foot ulcers and infections (DFU/Is). This retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adults investigated patients with a principal diagnosis of DFU/Is, and compared outcomes based on weight. The primary outcome was lower limb amputations. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, morbidity (sepsis and discharge disposition), resource utilization (length of stay [LOS] and total hospitalization charges). Multivariate analyses adjusted for confounders. A total of 31 730 admissions were included; 14% were morbidly obese. Patients with morbid obesity had overall lower rates of amputations (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-0.80). There was no difference in mortality rates between those who were morbidly obese and the non-morbidly obese patients (aOR: 3.89 [95% CI: 0.79-19.30]). Combined data from 2010 to 2014 have found higher odds of sepsis in morbidly obese patients compared with non-morbidly obese patients after adjusting for confounders (aOR: 1.49 [1.09-2.02], P = 0.01). Patients with morbid obesity were less likely to be discharged to home (aOR: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.70-0.95]), had longer LOS (adjusted mean difference [aMD]: 0.47 [95% CI: 0.13-0.81]) and higher hospital charges (aMD: $3205 [95% CI: $3373-$6037]). Despite having lower amputation rates compared to those who are not morbidly obese, patients with morbid obesity hospitalized for DFU/Is succumbed to sepsis more frequently and had less favourable utilization metrics. Specialized care pathways may be needed to enhance the value of care delivered to this high-risk population. | Clinical obesity | 2,019 |
30,288,940 | A Direct Approach for Process Development Using Single Column Experiments Results in Predictable Streamlined Multi-Column Chromatography Bioprocesses. | An emphasis on continuous monoclonal antibody (mAb) bioprocessing in the pharmaceutical industry necessitates effective approaches for downstream process development (PD). With a PD strategy, the process parameters are optimized to directly develop streamlined three-step continuous chromatography processes. A design of experiment (DoE) approach with single column (batch mode) is used to simulate a multi-column (continuous mode) purification method and characterize each chromatography step: Protein A capture, anion exchange, and mixed mode cation exchange. A novel and targeted approach to quickly characterize a DoE design space was employed and empirical modeling was used to define the capacity for multi-column chromatography to accurately transfer the batch process to continuous mode of purification. This PD approach effectively mimics the continuous mode of operation and provides the flexibility to develop multiple continuous processes with target mAb recovery and purity. By implementing this PD strategy and the process parameters defined in batch mode, two robust and predictable continuous bioprocesses were developed within 7 weeks of investigation, which resulted in a total product yield of recovery at or above 74%, host cell protein (HCP) content below 5 ppm, and aggregate content below 1%. | Biotechnology journal | 2,019 |
30,288,945 | Anatomic Studies of the Miniature Swine Cornea. | The domestic swine eye resembles the human eye both anatomically and physiologically. Xenotransplantation of the swine cornea to humans in need of full keratoplasty shows promise as a potential therapeutic strategy to restore vision in individuals with advanced corneal disease, especially those residing in developing nations. That said, we characterized the morphology of corneas from miniature swine, which are smaller in size, easier to handle, and more cost-effective compared to domestic swine. Eyes (N = 15) were harvested from miniature swine from different age groups: 1 month (N = 3), 2 month (N = 3), 4 month (N = 3), 8 month (N = 3), as well as 24 month old adult domestic swine (N = 3). They were immediately submerged in fixative and processed for histological examination at the light and transmission electron microscopic level. Gross anatomic measurements of the cornea were significantly less (P value ≤ 0.05) in miniature swine versus domestic swine. Corneal strata exhibited morphological characteristics similar to the domestic swine cornea. Adult miniature swine corneas show similar overall corneal thickness at 8 months of age versus domestic swine. Miniature swine exhibit similar corneal morphology with the domestic pig and humans, with the exception of Bowman's layer, which is absent in pigs. Therefore, miniature pigs may be a useful resource of corneal tissue for humans in need of full keratoplasty, as well as serve as a large eye model for ophthalmology residents to develop surgical skills and for development and testing of ocular therapeutic strategies that translate to humans. Anat Rec, 301:1955-1967, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) | 2,018 |
30,288,948 | pH/Redox-Triggered Photothermal Treatment for Cancer Therapy Based on a Dual-Responsive Cationic Polymer Dot. | In the present study, a pH/redox-responsive cationic polymer dot (CD) was successfully prepared for a near-infrared (NIR)-mediated, simultaneously controllable photothermal temperature guided imaging off/on system to monitor therapeutic delivery. Carbonized disulfide cross-linked branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI) was conjugated with folic acid (FA) as a targeting moiety and partially formed an ionic complex with anionic indocyanine green (ICG) to afford a bPEI-based CD (ICG-CD). This was responsive to mild reductive (glutathione, GSH) and acidic tumor conditions, which enabled the simultaneous biodegradation of those hydrophobic and complex sites. The ICG-CD internalized readily into the cytoplasm of cancer cells by a FA receptor and cationic-mediated endocytosis in the off state, whereas if ICG-CD met intracellular GSH at high concentrations, GSH contributed partially to the recovery of fluorescence and was then internalized into acidic endosomes to induce complete restoration of fluorescence. This tumor-sensitive degradability of the CD not only facilitated ICG release in the tumor location but also allowed controllable photothermal therapy effects of nanoparticles under NIR irradiation, which resulted in improved cancer therapy. Taken together, the results indicate great potential in tumor targeting, intracellular imaging, and controllable therapeutic delivery through a fluorescence off/on assay under the pH/redox conditions of cancer cells. | ChemMedChem | 2,018 |
30,288,946 | Plasma markers of chronic low-grade inflammation in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. | Ageing is the strongest predictor of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), where neuroinflammation is known to play a major role. Less is known about polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), which is an important differential diagnosis to neovascular AMD. Here, we report plasma markers of inflammation with age (inflammaging) in patients with PCV, patients with neovascular AMD and a healthy age-matched control group. | Acta ophthalmologica | 2,019 |
30,288,951 | Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a Versatile Platform for Molecular Assembly and Device Fabrication. | Viruses are unique biological agents that infect living host cells through molecular delivery of a genomic cargo. Over the past two decades advancements in genetic engineering and bioconjugation technologies have allowed the unprecedented use of these "unfriendly" biological molecules, as nanoscopic platforms for the advancement of an array of nanotechnology applications. This mini-review focuses on providing a brief summary of key demonstrations leveraging the versatile characteristics of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) for molecular assembly and bio-device integration. A comprehensive discussion of genetic and chemical modification strategies along with potential limiting factors that impact the assembly of these macromolecules is presented to provide useful insights for adapting TMV as a potentially universal platform toward developing advanced nanomaterials. Additional discussions on biofabrication techniques developed in parallel to enable immobilization, alignment, and patterning of TMV-based functional particles on solid surfaces will highlight technological innovations that can be widely adapted for creating nanoscopic device components using these engineered biomacromolecules. Further exploitation in the design of molecular specificity and assembly mechanisms and the development of highly controllable and scalable TMV-device integration strategies will expand the library of nanoscale engineering tools that can be used for the further development of virus-based nanotechnology platforms. | Biotechnology journal | 2,018 |
30,288,953 | Hand Factors in Cardiac Development. | Congenital heart defects account for 1% of infant mortality and 10% of in utero deaths. As the vertebrate embryo develops, multiple tissue types develop in tandem to morphologically pattern the functional heart. Underlying cardiac development is a network of transcription factors known to tightly control these morphological events. Members of the Twist family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, Hand1 and Hand2, are essential to this process. The expression patterns and functional role of Hand factors in neural crest cells, endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium is indicative of their importance during cardiogenesis; however, to date, an extensive understanding of the transcriptional targets of Hand proteins and their overall mechanism of action remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the recent findings that further outline the crucial functions of Hand factors during heart development and in post-natal heart function. Anat Rec, 302:101-107, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) | 2,019 |
30,288,955 | Development of the Myocardial Interstitium. | The space between cardiac myocytes is commonly referred-to as the cardiac interstitium (CI). The CI is a unique, complex and dynamic microenvironment in which multiple cell types, extracellular matrix molecules, and instructive signals interact to crucially support heart homeostasis and promote cardiac responses to normal and pathologic stimuli. Despite the biomedical and clinical relevance of the CI, its detailed cellular structure remains to be elucidated. In this review, we will dissect the organization of the cardiac interstitium by following its changing cellular and molecular composition from embryonic developmental stages to adulthood, providing a systematic analysis of the biological components of the CI. The main goal of this review is to contribute to our understanding of the CI roles in health and disease. Anat Rec, 302:58-68, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) | 2,019 |
30,288,954 | A repeated cross-sectional study of the epidemiology of Campylobacter and antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae in free-living Canada geese in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. | From May through October 2016, we conducted a repeated cross-sectional study examining the effects of temporal, spatial, flock and demographic factors (i.e. juvenile vs. adult) on the prevalence of Campylobacter and antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae among 344 fresh faecal samples collected from Canada geese (Branta canadensis) from four locations where birds nested in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter among all fresh faecal samples was 9.3% and was greatest in the fall when these birds became more mobile following the nesting season. Based on 40 gene comparative genomic fingerprinting (CGF40), the increase in prevalence noted in the fall was matched by an increase in the number of unique CGF40 subtypes identified. Resistance to colistin was detected most commonly, in 6% of Escherichia coli isolates, and was highest in the late summer months. All colistin-resistant isolates were negative for the mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes; a chromosomal resistance mechanism (PmrB) was identified in all of these isolates. The prevalence of samples with E. coli exhibiting multi-class resistance or extended spectrum beta-lactamase was low (i.e. <2% of samples). The intra-class correlation coefficients, estimated from the variance components of multilevel logistic regression models, indicated that the shedding of Campylobacter and antimicrobial resistant E. coli among geese within a flock (i.e. birds collected from the same site on the same day) was moderately correlated. Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal clusters identified using the spatial scan statistic, largely supported the findings from our multi-level models. Salmonella was not isolated from any of the fresh faecal samples collected suggesting that its prevalence in this population of birds was very low. | Zoonoses and public health | 2,019 |
30,288,956 | Adaptive Anatomical Specialization of the Intestines of Alpacas Taking into Account their Original Habitat and Feeding Behaviour. | The gastrointestinal tract of the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is most efficiently adapted to its habitat at high altitudes. Alpacas, just like ruminants, feed on hardly digestible forage. However, it has been demonstrated that the anatomy of the camelid digestive tract has developed independently of ruminants and not in homology to them. Despite a long history of domestication and an increasing number of animals worldwide, little research has been done on the intestinal anatomy of alpacas. The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomical features of the alpaca's intestines and to explain anatomical peculiarities in the context of evolutionary function and morphology. Another goal of this study was the demonstration of weaknesses of the intestinal anatomy predisposing alpacas to certain clinical presentations. Six animals were used for dissection. The basic structure of the intestines was comparable to that in ruminants. However, a number of characteristic peculiarities were found in alpacas, like the duodenal ampulla and the proximal and distal loop of the ascending colon. The jejunum and ileum, unlike those of ruminants, had their own mesentery largely separated from the ascending mesocolon. The main blood supply was provided by the cranial and caudal mesenteric artery. The particular lymph nodes were located along the branches of these two arteries. The spiral colon seemed to play a major role in intestinal digestion and water resorption. The size of the distal fermentation chamber allows the presumption that alpacas belong to the group of animals practicing a fractionated fermentation in the proximal and distal fermentation chambers. Anat Rec, 301:1840-1851, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) | 2,018 |
30,288,958 | Heart Anatomy of Rhincodon typus: Three-Dimensional X-Ray Computed Tomography of Plastinated Specimens. | In this study, we examined the structure of the heart of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, using a plastination technique and three-dimensional X-ray computer tomography (3DCT). Inspection of the atrium revealed a symmetric distribution of the pectinate muscles attached to the commissures of the sino-atrial valve, suggesting some functional advantages. The majority of the ventricular wall comprised spongiosa, and compacta accounted for only ~3% of the entire thickness. There were three major fiber orientations in the spongiosa: the fibers on the endocardial side formed trabeculae that were aligned with the blood flow tract, whereas those on the epicardial side formed a circular pattern around the flow tract. Transmural myofibers connected the inner and outer layers in the spongiosa, which may serve as an intraventricular conduction pathway. Plastination and 3DCT is a powerful combination that allowed for multifaceted visualization of the internal structure of rare heart specimens in a nondestructive manner. Anat Rec, 301:1801-1808, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) | 2,018 |
30,288,959 | Linear and nonlinear optical effects in biophotonic structures using classical and nonclassical light. | In this perspective article, we review the optical study of different biophotonic geometries and biological structures using classical light in linear and nonlinear regime, especially highlighting the link between these morphologies and modern biomedical research. Additionally, the importance of nonlinear optical study in biological research, beyond traditional cell imaging is also highlighted and described. Finally, we present a short introduction regarding nonclassical light and describe the new future perspective of quantum optical study in biology, revealing the link between quantum realm and biological research. | Journal of biophotonics | 2,019 |
30,288,957 | Filamin-A as a Balance between Erk/Smad Activities During Cardiac Valve Development. | Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) affects 2.4% of the population and has poorly understood etiology. Recent genetic studies have begun to unravel the complexities of MVP and through these efforts, mutations in the FLNA (Filamin-A) gene were identified as disease causing. Our in vivo and in vitro studies have validated these genetic findings and have revealed FLNA as a central regulator of valve morphogenesis. The mechanisms by which FLNA mutations result in myxomatous mitral valve disease are currently unknown, but may involve proteins previously associated with mutated regions of the FLNA protein, such as the small GTPase signaling protein, R-Ras. Herein, we report that Filamin-A is required for R-Ras expression and activation of the Ras-Mek-Erk pathway. Loss of the Ras/Erk pathway correlated with hyperactivation of pSmad2/3, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) production and enlarged mitral valves. Analyses of integrin receptors in the mitral valve revealed that Filamin-A was required for β1-integrin expression and provided a potential mechanism for impaired ECM compaction and valve enlargement. Our data support Filamin-A as a protein that regulates the balance between Erk and Smad activation and an inability of Filamin-A deficient valve interstitial cells to effectively remodel the increased ECM production through a β1-integrin mechanism. As a consequence, loss of Filamin-A function results in increased ECM production and generation of a myxomatous phenotype characterized by improperly compacted mitral valve tissue. Anat Rec, 302:117-124, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) | 2,019 |
30,288,960 | Light at night affects hippocampal and nidopallial cytoarchitecture: Implication for impairment of brain function in diurnal corvids. | Our previous studies have shown that light at night (LAN) impaired cognitive performance and affected neurogenesis and neurochemistry in the cognition-associated brain regions, particularly the hippocampus (HP) and lateral caudal nidopallium (NCL) of Indian house crows (Corvus splendens). Here, we examined the cytoarchitecture and mapped out the morphology of neurons and glia-neuron density in HP and NCL regions of crows that were first entrained to 12-hr light (LL): 12-hr darkness (LD) and then exposed to the light regime in which 12-hr darkness was either replaced by daytime light (i.e., constant light, LL) or by dim light (i.e., dim light at night, dLAN), with controls continued on LD 12:12. Compared with LD, there was a significant decrease in the soma size, suggesting reduced neuronal plasticity without affecting the neuronal density of both HP and NCL of crows under LL and dLAN conditions. In parallel, we found a reduced number of glia cells and, hence, decreased glia-neuron ratio positively correlated with soma size in both, HP and NCL regions. These results for the first time demonstrate LAN-induced negative effects on the brain cytoarchitecture of a diurnal species and give insight for possible influence on the brain health and functions in animals including humans that might be inadvertently exposed to LAN in an emerging night-illuminated urban environment. | Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology | 2,019 |
30,288,961 | Muscle-specific Perilipin2 down-regulation affects lipid metabolism and induces myofiber hypertrophy. | Perilipin2 (Plin2) belongs to a family of five highly conserved proteins, known for their role in lipid storage. Recent data indicate that Plin2 has an important function in cell metabolism and is involved in several human pathologies, including liver steatosis and Type II diabetes. An association between Plin2 and lower muscle mass and strength has been found in elderly and inactive people, but its function in skeletal muscle is still unclear. Here, we addressed the role of Plin2 in adult muscle by gain and loss of function experiments. | Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle | 2,019 |
30,288,962 | Uterine Receptivity in Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami). | The uterine surface undergoes significant remodeling, termed the "plasma membrane transformation," during pregnancy to allow for implantation of the blastocyst and formation of the placenta in viviparous amniote vertebrates. Unlike other species within the superorder Euarchontoglires, which have a hemochorial (highly invasive) placenta, kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.) exhibit a less invasive endotheliochorial placenta. We characterized the changes that occur to membrane molecules and the cellular ultrastructure of the uterine epithelium during early pregnancy in Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami using electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) is an adhesion protein that forms the adherens junction and is localized to the lateral plasma membrane of uterine epithelium during the nonreproductive state but localizes nonspecifically in the uterine epithelium immediately preceding implantation. Desmosomes are a type of cadherin that form junctional complexes along the lateral plasma membrane of epithelium. Dsg-2, a marker for desmosomes, is localized along the lateral plasma membrane in non-pregnant animals but redistributes to the apical region of the lateral plasma membrane during early pregnancy. The shift in desmosome and cadherin distribution before implantation suggests that there is a reduction in lateral adhesion between epithelial cells to allow for invasion by the blastocyst. Surprisingly, although Kangaroo rats form a less invasive placenta, these same changes occur during pregnancy in species with highly invasive placentation, such as the laboratory rat and human. These commonalities suggest that it is not through the retention of lateral adhesion that the blastocyst is prevented from further invasion in this rodent species. Anat Rec, 301:1928-1935, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) | 2,018 |
30,288,965 | Nonscanning large-area Raman imaging for ex vivo/in vivo skin cancer discrimination. | Imaging Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify cancerous tissue. Traditionally, a step-by-step scanning of the sample is applied to generate a Raman image, which, however, is too slow for routine examination of patients. By transferring the technique of integral field spectroscopy (IFS) from astronomy to Raman imaging, it becomes possible to record entire Raman images quickly within a single exposure, without the need for a tedious scanning procedure. An IFS-based Raman imaging setup is presented, which is capable of measuring skin ex vivo or in vivo. It is demonstrated how Raman images of healthy and cancerous skin biopsies were recorded and analyzed. | Journal of biomedical optics | 2,018 |
30,288,971 | Solid-State NMR Investigations of Carbon Dioxide Gas in Metal-Organic Frameworks: Insights into Molecular Motion and Adsorptive Behavior. | Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) methods have been routinely used for the characterization of both the structure and the dynamics of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), a collection of porous media investigated for potential applications in carbon capture technologies, selective separation of small molecules, and catalysis. (1) The use and development of SSNMR techniques that enable the nondestructive characterization of the adsorbed behavior have become essential steps in bettering our understanding of MOFs and are often complementary to traditional methods of structural characterization. This Review aims to give a brief introduction to the relevant concepts of SSNMR and the methods employed when investigating the phenomenon of adsorbed carbon dioxide gas in MOFs. We summarize the published SSNMR literature on CO | Chemical reviews | 2,018 |
30,288,973 | High-Throughput Open-Air Plasma Activation of Metal-Oxide Thin Films with Low Thermal Budget. | Sputter-processed oxide films are typically annealed at high temperature (activation process) to achieve stable electrical characteristics through the formation of strong metal-oxide chemical bonds. For instance, indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) films typically need a thermal treatment at 300 °C for ≥1 h as an activation process. We propose an open-air plasma treatment (OPT) to rapidly and effectively activate sputter-processed IGZO films. The OPT effectively induces metal-oxide chemical bonds in IGZO films at temperatures as low as 240 °C, with a dwell time on the order of a second. Furthermore, by controlling the plasma-processing conditions (scan speed, distance a between plasma nozzle and samples, and gas flow rate), the electrical characteristics and the microstructure of the IGZO films can be easily tuned. Finally, OPT can be utilized to implement a selective activation process. Plasma-treated IGZO thin-film transistors (TFTs) exhibit comparable electrical characteristics to those of conventionally thermal treated IGZO TFTs. Through in-depth optical, chemical, and physical characterizations, we confirm that OPT simultaneously dissociates weak chemical bonds by UV radiation and ion bombardment and re-establishes the metal-oxide network by radical reaction and OPT-induced heat. | ACS applied materials & interfaces | 2,018 |
30,288,974 | Mild Reduction of the Cancer Cell Surface as an Anti-invasion Treatment. | Cancer cell invasion is the main reason for high mortality in patients with malignant cancers. There has been little improvement in cancer prognosis because of a high rate of infiltration. Therefore, successful treatment requires inhibition of cancer cell invasion. Here, we suggest a new approach to inhibit cancer cell invasion through mild reduction of cell surface proteins to expose free thiols. Through mild reduction, the cancer cell surfaces present free active thiols at the membranes, enhancing cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and decreasing motility. Collectively, we suggest cell surface modification as a new therapeutic approach to treat invading malignant cancers. | ACS applied materials & interfaces | 2,018 |
30,288,975 | Designing Surface Chemistry of Silver Nanocrystals for Radio Frequency Circuit Applications. | We introduce solution-based, room temperature- and atmospheric pressure-processed silver nanocrystal (Ag NC)-based electrical circuits and interconnects for radio frequency (RF)/microwave frequency applications. We chemically designed the surface and interface states of Ag NC thin films to achieve high stability, dc and ac conductivity, and minimized RF loss through stepwise ligand exchange, shell coating, and surface cleaning. The chemical and structural properties of the circuits and interconnects affect the high-frequency electrical performance of Ag NC thin films, as confirmed by high-frequency electromagnetic field simulations. An all solution-based process is developed to build coplanar structures, in which Ag NC thin films are positioned at both sides of the substrates. In addition, we fabricated flexible transmission lines and broadband electrical circuits for resistors, interdigitated capacitors, spiral and omega-shaped inductors, and patch antennas with maximum inductance and capacitance values of 3 nH and 2.5 pF at frequencies up to 20 GHz. We believe that our approach will lead to a cost-effective realization of RF circuits and devices in which sensing and wireless communication capabilities are combined for internet-of-things applications. | ACS applied materials & interfaces | 2,018 |
30,288,977 | Bioactive Penicipyrrodiether A, an Adduct of GKK1032 Analogue and Phenol A Derivative, from a Marine-Sourced Fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ380. | Penicipyrrodiether A, an adduct of GKK1032 analogue and phenol A derivative, was isolated from a culture of marine-associated fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ380 and represents the first example of this type of fungal metabolite. Its structure was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, HRESIMS, MS/MS, and electronic circular dichroism calculation as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Penicipyrrodiether A showed antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 5.0 μg/mL. Its plausible pathway for biosynthesis has been proposed. | The Journal of organic chemistry | 2,018 |
30,288,980 | Photoluminescent Phosphinine Cu(I) Halide Complexes: Temperature Dependence of the Photophysical Properties and Applications as a Molecular Thermometer. | Luminescent thermometers have attracted much attention, because of their fast response, high sensitivity, and noninvasive operation, relative to other traditional thermometers. The extensive studies on the temperature-dependent luminescent properties of Cu(I) complexes make this low-cost metal source a promising candidate as a component of thermometers. Herein, we prepared three luminescent phosphinine Cu(I) complexes whose emission lifetimes are precisely dependent on the temperature variations. For practical utilization, sensor films have been fabricated by doping these Cu(I) complexes into the matrices of polyacrylamide. These films not only exhibit excellent linear correlations between the temperature and emission lifetime over the wide range of 77-337 K, but also show high sensitivity (with the best one to -6.99 μs K | Inorganic chemistry | 2,018 |
30,288,978 | Dual-Stimuli Responsive Bismuth Nanoraspberries for Multimodal Imaging and Combined Cancer Therapy. | Development of stimuli-responsive theranostics is of great importance for precise cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) modified bismuth nanoraspberries (Bi-BSA NRs) are developed as cancer theranostic agents for multimodal imaging and chemo-photothermal combination therapy. The Bi-BSA NRs are synthesized in aqueous phase via a facile reduction method using Bi | Nano letters | 2,018 |
30,288,982 | Anomalous Exciton Quenching in Organic Semiconductors in the Low-Yield Limit. | The dynamics of exciton quenching are critical to the operational performance of organic optoelectronic devices, but their measurement and elucidation remain ongoing challenges. Here, we present a method for quantifying small photoluminescence quenching efficiencies of organic semiconductors under steady-state conditions. Exciton quenching efficiencies of three different organic semiconductors, PC70BM, P3HT, and PCDTBT, are measured at different bulk quencher densities under continuous low-irradiance illumination. By implementing a steady-state bulk-quenching model, we determine exciton diffusion lengths for the studied materials. At low quencher densities we find that a secondary quenching mechanism is in effect, which is responsible for approximately 20% of the total quenched excitons. This quenching mechanism is observed in all three studied materials and exhibits quenching volumes on the order of several thousand cubic nanometers. The exact origin of this quenching process is not clear, but it may be indicative of delocalized excitons being quenched prior to thermalization. | The journal of physical chemistry letters | 2,018 |
30,288,983 | Direct in Situ Observation and Analysis of the Formation of Palladium Nanocrystals with High-Index Facets. | Synthesizing concave-structured nanoparticles (NP) with high-index surfaces offers a viable method to significantly enhance the catalytic activity of NPs. Current approaches for fabricating concave NPs, however, are limited. Exploring novel synthesis methods requires a thorough understanding of the competing mechanisms that contribute to the evolution of surface structures during NP growth. Here, by tracking the evolution of Pd nanocubes into concave NPs at atomic scale using in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy, our study reveals that concave-structured Pd NPs can be formed by the cointroduction of surface capping agents and halogen ions. These two chemicals jointly create a new surface energy landscape of Pd NPs, leading to the morphological transformation. In particular, Pd atoms dissociate from the {100} surfaces with the aid of Cl | Nano letters | 2,018 |
30,288,984 | Exploring the neurocognitive correlates of challenging behaviours in young people with autism spectrum disorder. | Many young people with autism spectrum disorder display 'challenging behaviours', characterised by externalising behaviour and self-injurious behaviours. These behaviours can have a negative impact on a young person's well-being, family environment and educational achievement. However, the development of effective interventions requires greater knowledge of autism spectrum disorder-specific models of challenging behaviours. Autism spectrum disorder populations are found to demonstrate impairments in different cognitive domains, namely social domains, such as theory of mind and emotion recognition, but also non-social domains such as executive functioning and sensory or perceptual processing. Parent-rated self-injurious behaviour and externalising behaviours, and neurocognitive performance were assessed in a population-derived sample of 100 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Structural equation modelling was used to estimate associations between cognitive domains (theory of mind, emotion recognition, executive functioning and perceptual processing) and self-injurious behaviour and externalising behaviours. Poorer theory of mind was associated with increased self-injurious behaviour, whereas poorer perceptual processing was associated with increased externalising behaviours. These associations remained when controlling for language ability. This is the first analysis to examine how a wide range of neurocognitive domains relate to challenging behaviours and suggests specific domains that may be important targets in the development of interventions in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. | Autism : the international journal of research and practice | 2,019 |
30,288,985 | Measurement Equivalence and Convergent Validity of a Mental Health Rating Scale. | Emotional and behavioral problems among children and adolescents may be studied using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, containing five subscales, based on ratings by parents, teachers, or adolescents themselves. We investigate two measurement issues using data from a longitudinal sample of 8,806 participants aged 7 to 9 years and 11 to 13 years from the Bergen Child Study in Bergen, Norway. First, convergent validity of parent and teacher ratings is studied using a multitrait-multimethod approach. Second, longitudinal measurement equivalence is studied using confirmatory factor analysis, which requires us to deal with the considerable attrition. The multitrait-multimethod indicates not only good convergent validity but also considerable method variance for parents and teachers. The reliability and validity of some subscales are relatively low. Attrition analysis indicates that attrition is not missing completely at random, but estimation assuming missing at random makes no real difference. We conclude that assuming missing completely at random is acceptable. Comparing ratings by parents and teachers results in partial scalar equivalence. In addition, all subscales exhibit (partial) longitudinal scalar measurement equivalence. We recommend using latent variable modeling and not summated scales for longitudinal modeling using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. | Assessment | 2,020 |
30,288,986 | Technology in Public Health Higher Education. | Streamed and recorded lectures as well as audience response technology are increasingly used in public health tertiary education, to train practitioners to address Asia-Pacific region's rapidly changing health needs. However, little is known about the impact on student performance, satisfaction, and understanding. This study aimed to assess postgraduate students' perceptions and their use of technology in a large epidemiology subject at an Australian university in internal and external modes. The study used both routinely collected student data (n = 453) and survey data (n = 88). Results indicate that students accept and use technology-based learning tools, and perceive audience response technology as well as streamed and recorded lectures as useful for their learning (96.6%). Students have shown a preference to review recorded lectures rather than viewing streamed lectures. Analyses further suggest that the use of recorded and streamed lectures may be linked to better student performance for external students (passing, any use odds ratio = 3.32). However, these effects are not consistent across all student subgroups and externally enrolled students may profit more than those enrolled internally. | Asia-Pacific journal of public health | 2,018 |
30,288,989 | Adults with autism spectrum condition have atypical perception of ambiguous figures when bottom-up and top-down interactions are incongruous. | We examined the perception of an ambiguous squares stimulus evoking bistable perception in a sample of 31 individuals with autistic spectrum condition and 22 matched typical adults. The perception of the ambiguous figure was manipulated by adaptation to unambiguous figures and/or by placing the ambiguous figure into a context of unambiguous figures. This resulted in four conditions testing the independent and combined (congruent and incongruent) manipulations of adaptation (bottom-up) and spatial context (top-down) effects. The strength of perception, as measured by perception of the first reported orientation of the ambiguous stimulus, was affected comparably between groups. Nevertheless, the strength of perception, as measured by perceptual durations, was affected differently between groups: the perceptual effect was strongest for the autistic spectrum condition group when combined bottom-up and top-down conditions were congruent. In contrast, the strength of the perceptual effect in response to the same condition in the typical adults group was comparable to the adaptation, but stronger than both the context and the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions. Furthermore, the context condition was stronger than the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions for the typical adults group. Thus, our findings support the view of stimulus-specific top-down modulation in autistic spectrum condition. | Autism : the international journal of research and practice | 2,019 |
30,288,988 | Exploring and building autism service capacity in rural and remote regions: Participatory action research in rural Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. | Based in participatory action research, this project had the aim of building capacity in treatment and support for individuals and families impacted by autism spectrum disorder in remote and rural communities of Canada. Communities were selected based on their rurality and willingness to engage in change efforts for enhanced service delivery within their region. Fifteen discussion groups with key stakeholders were convened in seven communities with ~200 community stakeholders. Based on analyses of these data from the stakeholders, themes were distilled through interpretive description, which in turn were presented to community stakeholders for reflection and collective action. Findings indicate broad thematic domains consisting of: insufficient services, protective factors in community, change efforts via collectivity within community, limitations and benefits of residing in rural communities relative to care associated with autism spectrum disorder, a sense of "community" in rural contexts, and engaging in focused dialogue as a pathway to advancement. Opportunities for building capacity for support in autism spectrum disorder emerged within intersecting layers of leadership, contextual factors, and community collaboration. Consistent with participatory action research principles, emerging local knowledge was supported with strategies for improved autism spectrum disorder service development. | Autism : the international journal of research and practice | 2,019 |
30,288,991 | Quadriceps Function and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients With or Without Knee Osteoarthritis. | Relationships between quadriceps function and patient-reported outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are variable and may be confounded by including patients at widely different time points after surgery. Understanding these relationships during the clinically relevant phases of recovery may improve our knowledge of specific factors that influence clinical outcomes. | Journal of athletic training | 2,018 |
30,288,995 | Betulinic acid improves insulin sensitivity, hyperglycemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome rats via PI3K/Akt pathways. | This study investigated the influence of betulinic acid on high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Oral administration of betulinic acid significantly reversed high-fructose diet-mediated increase in body mass index and blood glucose. Furthermore, betulinic acid restored high-fructose diet-mediated alterations in metabolic hormones (insulin, leptin and adiponectin). Betulinic acid-mediated upregulation of protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphoinositde-3 kinase (PI3K) anulled high-fructose diet mediated depletion. Also, elevated tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and -8 were significantly lowered. Administration of betulinic acid restored high-fructose diet-mediated increase in the levels of lipid profile parameters and indices of atherosclerosis, cardiac and cardiovascular diseases. High-fructose diet-mediated decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and increase in oxidative stress biomarkers (reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation products, protein oxidation and fragmented DNA) were significantly restored by the phenolic acids. Conclusively, betulinic acid improves insulin sensitivity, elevated blood glucose, inflammation and dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome through the PI#Kand Akt pathways . | Archives of physiology and biochemistry | 2,020 |
30,288,997 | Deep learning and virtual drug screening. | Current drug development is still costly and slow given tremendous technological advancements in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Using machine learning (ML) to virtually screen compound libraries promises to fix this for generating drug leads more efficiently and accurately. Herein, we explain the broad basics and integration of both virtual screening (VS) and ML. We then discuss artificial neural networks (ANNs) and their usage for VS. The ANN is emerging as the dominant classifier for ML in general, and has proven its utility for both structure-based and ligand-based VS. Techniques such as dropout, multitask learning and convolution improve the performance of ANNs and enable them to take on chemical meaning when learning about the drug-target-binding activity of compounds. | Future medicinal chemistry | 2,018 |
30,288,999 | Women's Experiences of Day-and-Night Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery During Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancy. | Closed-loop insulin delivery has the potential to improve day-to-day glucose control in type 1 diabetes pregnancy. However, the psychosocial impact of day-and-night usage of automated closed-loop systems during pregnancy is unknown. Our aim was to explore women's experiences and relationships between technology experience and levels of trust in closed-loop therapy. | Journal of diabetes science and technology | 2,018 |
30,289,002 | Phylogeny and acoustic signal evolution of a pure tone song katydid Pseudophyllus titan (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) based on the complete mitogenome. | Ensifera is an extremely diverse group in the order Orthoptera, and it has been the subject of considerable research, especially in terms of phylogeny and bioacoustics. Katydids are known for using high-frequency broadband signals whereas most cricket songs are pure tones with a frequency range of 2-8 kHz. Pseudophyllus titan is a special katydid emits low-frequency pure tone songs similar to that of crickets. Acoustic communication of Ensifera were widely studied, but song evolution could deserve new examination taking into account the newly available phylogenies. To examine the song evolution of P. titan in the Ensifera, the mitogenomes of P. titan and three other ensiferan species (Sphagniana ussuriana, Oecanthus sinensis, Truljalia hibinonis) were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. In addition, the phylogeny of Ensifera was reconstructed including 63 in-group taxa, and the divergence time was further estimated for major ensiferan lineages. Lastly, the evolutions of song frequency were evaluated based on an ancestral character state reconstruction (ACSR). Moreover, we have studied the calling songs of 78 katydids and performed ACSR based on five genes. All phylogeny analyses confirmed that the superfamily Schizodactyloidea was placed basally to the non-grylloid clade. P. titan was in the Pseudophyllinae clade, and this clade had a distant relationship form other lineages in Phaneropteridae. The ACSR showed that P. titan evolved low-frequency pure tone songs independently after ancestors of katydids evolved high-frequency broadband noise. Referring to the geologic time scale, we suggest that the song frequency evolution in the Ensifera to some extent caused by adaptations to the changing habitat under conditions of climate change and plant evolution. | Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis | 2,019 |
30,289,006 | A Commercially Available Thermogenic Dietary Supplement Increases Resting Metabolic Rate in Physically Active Males: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Investigation. | Males seeking to improve body composition may ingest thermogenic dietary supplements with the goal of elevating resting metabolic rate. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a commercially available dietary supplement (containing ingredients that promote thermogenesis) on resting metabolic rate (RMR) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Ten healthy, physically active males (age: 26.5 ± 6.4 years; height: 177.6 ± 7.2 cm; body weight: 80.5 ± 10.8 kg) underwent two testing sessions separated by approximately 7 days. Following baseline assessments of RMR, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP), each participant ingested a thermogenic dietary supplement or a placebo. Assessments were repeated at 60, 120, and 180 minutes postingestion. Approximately 1 week later, participants ingested the alternative supplement and the assessments were repeated. Post hoc analyses revealed that the dietary supplement treatment demonstrated significant elevations in RMR during the postingestion period ( | Journal of dietary supplements | 2,020 |
30,289,007 | Visceral leishmaniasis elimination targets in India, strategies for preventing resurgence. | Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal parasitic disease caused by a parasite belonging to the Leishmania donovani complex and transmitted by infected female Phlebotomous argentipes sand flies. The VL elimination strategy in the Indian subcontinent (ISC), which has a current goal of reducing the incidence of VL to below 1/10,000 of population by the year 2020, consists of rapid detection and treatment of VL to reduce the number of human reservoirs as well as vector control using indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, as the incidence of VL declines toward the elimination goal, greater targeting of control methods will be required to ensure appropriate early action to prevent the resurgence of VL. Area covered: We discuss the current progress and challenges in the VL elimination program and strategies to be employed to ensure sustained elimination of VL. Expert commentary: The VL elimination initiative has saved many human lives; however, for VL elimination to become a reality in a sustained way, an intense effort is needed, as substantial numbers of endemic subdistricts (primary health centers (PHCs) blocks level) are yet to reach the elimination target. In addition to effective epidemiological surveillance, appropriate diagnostic and treatment services for VL at PHCs will be needed to ensure long-term sustainability and prevent reemergence of VL. | Expert review of anti-infective therapy | 2,018 |
30,289,008 | Calendula officinalis: Potential Roles in Cancer Treatment and Palliative Care. | A continuous challenge in cancer management is to improve treatment efficacy and to diminish its side effects. Consequently, new conventional and unconventional drugs and bioactive compounds from plants are constantly developed, characterized, and used for in vitro and in vivo models. This review focuses on the antitumor properties of Calendula officinalis, its biological and molecular effects in tumor cells and animal models, as well as its role in cancer palliative care. A systematic review of studies describing the cytotoxic role of C officinalis and its therapeutic role on cancer cells were carried out using the PubMed database. Albeit C officinalis extracts have cytotoxic activity toward different cancer cell lines, a high grade of variation between studies was observed, depending on plant organ subjected to extraction, extraction method, and the cancer cell lines used for each study. Nevertheless, its cytotoxic activity is related to a few bioactive compounds, presenting multiple roles in both activation of proapoptotic proteins and decreasing the expression of the proteins that inhibit cell death. Moreover, due to its anti-genotoxic/protective as well as antitumor and antimetastatic effects proven in animal models, C officinalis could have important future implications in developing novel cancer treatment strategies, while until now it has been used especially for diminishing the side effects of radiotherapy. | Integrative cancer therapies | 2,018 |
30,289,012 | Genipin crosslinked curcumin loaded chitosan/montmorillonite K-10 (MMT) nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery applications. | Here, we have reported the influence of MMT and genipin in releasing curcumin from the Genipin crosslinked Chitosan/MMT nanoparticles, prepared by ionic gelation method. The nanoparticles were characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Zeta potential and average diameter of the nanoparticles were found in the range 32-47 mV and 430-560 nm. Swelling and release of curcumin from the nanoparticles increased with the decrease in pH of the medium, MMT, and genipin content. Curcumin released from the nanoparticles reduced the viability of MCF-7 and Hep G2 cells as compared to untreated cells. The nanoparticles increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase level in human PBMCs and decreased the level of Lipid peroxidation suggesting an enhanced protection against cellular damage. Lower pH and higher MMT concentration in the nanoparticles improved the mucoadhesive properties. | Journal of microencapsulation | 2,018 |
30,289,015 | Cold hypersensitivity after hand injuries. A prospective 7-year follow-up. | We studied changes in cold hypersensitivity from 3 to 7 years following severe hand injuries. Data was collected using postal questionnaires 7 years after injury in 71 patients who had participated in a 3-year follow-up from the time of injury. There was no change in cold sensitivity measured using the McCabe Cold Sensitivity Severity scale (CSS) from 3 to 7 years after injury. However, there was a trend toward decreased severity measured using a five-level scale of self-reported cold hypersensitivity. Compared to the 3-year follow-up, fewer respondents rated their condition as severe and two patients had recovered from their cold hypersensitivity at the 7-year follow-up. Furthermore, 21 (30%) of the respondents stated a decrease in cold hypersensitivity during the last 2 years. Limitations in cold associated activities and the importance of being less limited in leisure activities (NRS 0-10) did not change between the two follow-ups. In conclusion, the CSS-scores did not change from 3 to 7 years after injury. Several patients experienced improvements in cold hypersensitivity, but few recovered completely from the condition. | Journal of plastic surgery and hand surgery | 2,018 |
30,289,023 | Narrating ethnicity and diversity in Middle Eastern national genome projects. | Most Middle Eastern populations outside Israel have not been represented in Western-based international human genome sequencing efforts. In response, national-level projects have emerged throughout the Middle East to decode the Arab, Turkish and Iranian genomes. The discourses surrounding the 'national genome' that shape scientists' representation of their work to local and international audiences evoke three intersecting analytics of nationalism: methodological, postcolonial and diasporic. Methodologically, ongoing human genome projects in Turkey and Iran follow the population logics of other national and international genome projects, for example justifying research with reference to projected health benefits to their fellow citizens. Meanwhile, assumptions about and representations of ethnicity and diversity are deeply inflected by local histories of scientific development and nationalist politics. While Iranian geneticists have transformed this paradigm to catalog national genetic diversity through a discourse of 'Iranian ethnicities', Turkish geneticists remain politically constrained from acknowledging ethnic diversity and struggle to distance their work from racialized narratives of Turkish national identity. Such nationally-framed narratives of genomic diversity are not confined to their original contexts, but travel abroad, as demonstrated by a US-based genome project that articulates a form of Iranian-American diasporic nationalism. | Social studies of science | 2,018 |
30,289,024 | "I Asked Myself If I Would Ever Love My Baby": Mothering Children Born of Genocidal Rape in Rwanda. | The 1994 Rwandan genocide was characterized by brutal acts of widespread sexual violence against women that, for some, led to unwanted pregnancy, childbirth, and motherhood. This study explores the perspectives and experiences of 44 Rwandan women with children born of genocidal rape through in-depth qualitative interviews. Emerging from the data are the themes of identity and belonging, ambivalence, and truth-telling in the mother-child relationship. Findings highlight the lasting and intergenerational legacy of genocidal rape, and practice and policy implications are discussed. | Violence against women | 2,019 |
30,289,026 | The pharmacodynamic profile of "Blackadder" blackcurrant juice effects upon the monoamine axis in humans: A randomised controlled trial. | Emerging evidence from human intervention trials indicates health benefits of consuming blackcurrant fruit, including improvements to cognitive performance, modulation of blood flow, regulation of blood glucose and inhibition of enzymes underpinning normal cognitive function. Of particular relevance is our previous demonstration of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and B inhibition after the consumption of a New Zealand "Blackadder" blackcurrant juice in humans. The current study uses a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised cross- over design to assess the pharmacodynamics of the effects on platelet MAO-B inhibition and associated substrates, plasma prolactin levels and blood glucose levels after consumption of a single serve of "Blackadder" blackcurrant juice standardised to 500 mg polyphenols. Eight healthy male (20--35 years) participants completed the trial. Measurements were obtained at baseline 15, 30, 45, 60, 100, 120, 150, 180, 240 mins and 24 h post dose. A fast, absolute and reversible inhibition of blood platelet MAO-B ( | Nutritional neuroscience | 2,020 |
30,289,027 | On mountains and prophets: targeting majorities to support minorities by using norm-critics in health education. | This debate article advocates for norm-critics instead of empowering coping and pedagogy of tolerance as an educational approach to mitigate stigmatization as well as blame and guilt for health-deviant minorities within the field of health disparities. Norm-critics is a way of making members of the (presumably healthy) normative majority uncover and question their health-related norms and raise awareness for the processes by which members of that majority re/construct images of stereotypic figures (such as "the fatso" or "the couch-potato") with certain personal character traits which are to be condemned and, in doing so, limit the acting space of those identified as examples of those figures. The approach, its theoretical background, arguments promoting norm-critics, and some suggestions for its practical application are presented. It is concluded that norm-critics render a valuable and much needed addition to the health intervention repertoire. | International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being | 2,018 |
30,289,030 | Energy flux: staying in energy balance at a high level is necessary to prevent weight gain for most people. | Energy flux, the rate of energy conversion from absorption to expenditure or storage, is a critical component of understanding weight management. Individuals who maintain body weight over time have common characteristics including a relatively high level of physical activity and minimal changes in body composition, muscle mass and metabolic rate. A higher state of energy flux resulting from high energy expenditure may provide for a greater 'sensitivity' between energy intake and expenditure. This sensitivity stabilizes body weight by enhancing reciprocal compensation among these components with changes in eating or activity. The energy balance framework suggests that a higher level of energy expenditure requires higher energy intake to maintain body mass. Maintaining energy balance at a higher caloric intake and expenditure should be a more successful long-term strategy for weight maintenance than reduced consumption or extreme caloric restriction at a low level of energy expenditure (a low energy flux) and improve intervention effectiveness for sustainable methods for body weight stability. | Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism | 2,015 |
30,289,031 | The impact of fibroblast growth factor-23 on the cardiovascular system in chronic kidney disease. | Chronic kidney disease is associated with an accelerated risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Seminal work over the last decade has identified abnormal bone metabolism as an important modulator of the increased CV burden in this cohort. In particular, FGF23, a phosphaturic hormone with serum levels found to be markedly elevated in chronic kidney disease, is independently associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality and CV events. This editorial will discuss the proposed mechanisms linking FGF23 to CV disease in chronic kidney disease, namely, direct cardiac myocyte toxicity, endothelial dysfunction and vascular calcification. | Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism | 2,015 |
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