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30,288,608 | Nitrogen enrichment in host plants increases the mortality of common Lepidoptera species. | The recent decline of Lepidoptera species strongly correlates with the increasing intensification of agriculture in Western and Central Europe. However, the effects of changed host-plant quality through agricultural fertilization on this insect group remain largely unexplored. For this reason, we tested the response of six common butterfly and moth species to host-plant fertilization using fertilizer quantities usually applied in agriculture. The larvae of the study species Coenonympha pamphilus, Lycaena phlaeas, Lycaena tityrus, Pararge aegeria, Rivula sericealis and Timandra comae were distributed according to a split-brood design to three host-plant treatments comprising one control treatment without fertilization and two fertilization treatments with an input of 150 and 300 kg N ha | Oecologia | 2,018 |
30,288,610 | Impact of a prenatal episode and diagnosis in women with serious mental illnesses on neonatal complications (prematurity, low birth weight, and hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units). | Pregnancy in women with mental disorders is increasingly common. The aim of this study was to determine, in women with severe mental illnesses, whether a prenatal episode was related to neonatal complications and if a specific disorder was associated with a higher risk. A population of infants and their mothers (n = 1439) jointly admitted to psychiatric Mother-Baby Units in France and Belgium (2001-2010) was assessed respectively for prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and maternal mental health during pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between neonatal complications and a prenatal episode of mental illness and if the presence of a specific disorder was related to a higher risk, taking into account maternal socio-demographic characteristics, pregnancy data, and antenatal exposure to psychotropic drugs. Among the children, 145 (10.2%) were premature, 226 (15.8%) had a LBW, and 348 (24.3%) have been hospitalized in neonatology. The presence of an episode of mental illness during pregnancy was linked to LBW (OR = 2.21 [1.44-3.38]; p = 0.003) and NICU hospitalizations (OR = 1.53 [1.06-2.19], p = 0.002). Among diagnoses, the presence of a severe substance use disorder in these women was related to LBW (OR = 2.96 [1.49-5.85]; p = 0.002) and NICU (OR = 2.88 [1.56-5.29]; p = 0.04). Our results underline the importance of systematic and early detection of psychiatric symptoms and substance use disorders during pregnancy in preventing neonatal complications in women with serious mental illness. | Archives of women's mental health | 2,019 |
30,288,611 | In situ assessment of mitochondrial calcium transport in tobacco pollen tubes. | Pollen tubes require functional mitochondria in order to achieve fast and sustained growth. In addition, cell wall expansion requires a calcium gradient in the tube apex formed by a dedicated array of calcium pumps and channels. Most studies have traditionally focused on the molecular aspects of calcium interactions and transport across the pollen tube plasmalemma. However, calcium transients across mitochondrial membranes from pollen tubes are beginning to be studied. Here, we report the presence of a ruthenium red-sensitive mitochondrial calcium uniporter-like activity in tobacco pollen tubes with functional oxidative phosphorylation. The present study provides a framework to measure in situ specifics of mitochondrial transport and respiration in pollen tubes from different plants. The relevance of a mitochondrial calcium uniporter for pollen tube growth is discussed. | Protoplasma | 2,019 |
30,288,614 | Investigating the effect of climatic parameters on mental disorder admissions. | The main objective of this study was to evaluate the role of climatic parameters and phenomena including the monthly number of dusty/rainy/snowy/foggy days, cloudiness (Okta), horizontal visibility, and barometric pressure (millibar) on major depressive disorder, bipolar, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective admissions. The monthly data related to the number of admissions in Farshchian hospital and climatic parameters from March 2005 to March 2017 were extracted. Random forest regression and dynamic negative binomial regression were used to examine the relationship between variables; the statistical significance was considered as 0.05. The number of dusty/rainy/snowy/foggy days, cloudiness, and the number of days with vision less than 2 km had a significant positive relationship with admissions due to schizophrenia (p < 0.05). Barometric pressure had a negative effect on schizophrenia admissions (p < 0.001). The number of dusty/rainy/snowy/foggy days and cloudiness had a significant effect on schizoaffective admissions (p < 0.05). Bipolar admissions were negatively associated with rainy days and positively associated with dusty days and cloudiness (p < 0.05). The number of rainy/dusty/snowy days and cloudiness had a positive significant effect on major depressive disorder admissions. The results of the present study confirmed the importance of climatic parameter variability for major depressive disorder, bipolar, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective admissions. | International journal of biometeorology | 2,018 |
30,288,617 | Long-term outcomes after prophylactic use of onlay mesh in midline laparotomy. | The prevalence of incisional hernias (IHs) is still high after midline laparotomy (ML). There is an increasing body of evidence that prophylactic mesh placement (PMP) can be safe and efficient in the short-term outcomes, but there still are some concerns about the potential long-term complications of these meshes. This study describes our long-term PMP experience. | Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery | 2,018 |
30,288,631 | Secretion and Uptake of α-Synuclein Via Extracellular Vesicles in Cultured Cells. | In Parkinson's disease and other Lewy body disorders, the propagation of pathology has been accredited to the spreading of extracellular α-synuclein (α-syn). Although the pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood, cell-to-cell transfer of α-syn via exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been reported. Here, we investigated whether altered molecular properties of α-syn can influence the distribution and secretion of α-syn in human neuroblastoma cells. Different α-syn variants, including α-syn:hemi-Venus and disease-causing mutants, were overexpressed and EVs were isolated from the conditioned medium. Of the secreted α-syn, 0.1-2% was associated with vesicles. The major part of EV α-syn was attached to the outer membrane of vesicles, whereas a smaller fraction was found in their lumen. For α-syn expressed with N-terminal hemi-Venus, the relative levels associated with EVs were higher than for WT α-syn. Moreover, such EV-associated α-syn:hemi-Venus species were internalized in recipient cells to a higher degree than the corresponding free-floating forms. Among the disease-causing mutants, A53T α-syn displayed an increased association with EVs. Taken together, our data suggest that α-syn species with presumably lost physiological functions or altered aggregation properties may shift the cellular processing towards vesicular secretion. Our findings thus lend further support to the tenet that EVs can mediate spreading of harmful α-syn species and thereby contribute to the pathology in α-synucleinopathies. | Cellular and molecular neurobiology | 2,018 |
30,288,633 | Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and pharmacological characterization of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) melanocortin-5 receptor. | The melanocortin-5 receptor (MC5R) plays an important role in the regulation of exocrine secretion in mammals. Its function in fish is not well established. In this study, we reported the molecular cloning, tissue expression, and pharmacological characterization of Megalobrama amblycephala MC5R (MamMC5R), as well as the effect of catching stress on its expression. The full-length cDNA of Mammc5r gene was 1237 bp, consisted of a 990-bp open reading frame encoding 329 amino acids. Sequence analyses revealed that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Mammc5r were highly homologous (> 90%) with MC5Rs of zebrafish, common carp, and goldfish. Tissue expression profile analysis showed that Mammc5r was widely expressed in both central and peripheral tissues, with the highest expression in the brain. Catching stress significantly changed the expression of Mammc5r in the skin, brain, and eye. In the skin, the expression level of Mammc5r was significantly reduced at 1 h and 4 h and increased at 24 h after catching stress. The Mammc5r expression level was rapidly upregulated in the brain and eye at 1 h and then decreased to the level before stress at 4 h and 24 h. With human MC5R (HsaMC5R) as a control, several agonists including α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and β-MSH in addition to an analogue [Nle | Fish physiology and biochemistry | 2,019 |
30,288,634 | Selective Enzymatic Digestion of Proteoglycans and Collagens Alters Cartilage T1rho and T2 Relaxation Times. | Our objective was to determine the relationship of T1rho and T2 relaxation mapping to the biochemical and biomechanical properties of articular cartilage through selective digestion of proteoglycans and collagens. Femoral condyles were harvested from porcine knee joints and treated with either chondroitinase ABC (cABC) followed by collagenase, or collagenase followed by cABC. Magnetic resonance images were acquired and cartilage explants were harvested for biochemical, biomechanical, and histological analyses before and after each digestion. Targeted enzymatic digestion of proteoglycans with cABC resulted in elevated T1rho relaxation times and decreased sulfated glycosaminoglycan content without affecting T2 relaxation times. In contrast, extractable collagen and T2 relaxation times were increased by collagenase digestion; however, neither was altered by cABC digestion. Aggregate modulus decreased with digestion of both components. Overall, we found that targeted digestion of proteoglycans and collagens had varying effects on biochemical, biomechanical, and imaging properties. T2 relaxation times were altered with changes in extractable collagen, but not changes in proteoglycan. However, T1rho relaxation times were altered with proteoglycan loss, which may also coincide with collagen disruption. Since it is unclear which matrix components are disrupted first in osteoarthritis, both markers may be important for tracking disease progression. | Annals of biomedical engineering | 2,019 |
30,288,635 | Alveolar Macrophage Chemokine Secretion Mediates Neutrophilic Lung Injury in Nox2-Deficient Mice. | Acute lung injury (ALI), developing as a component of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced in part by the neutrophil NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALI. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated the development of pulmonary inflammation in Nox2-deficient (gp91 | Inflammation | 2,019 |
30,288,637 | Ultrasound evaluation of fetal critical aortic stenosis using the left atrium area/cardiac area ratio and the Doppler patterns in the pulmonary veins. | In fetal critical aortic stenosis (AS), a double reverse pattern in the pulmonary veins (PVs) is associated with a poor prognosis. We evaluated the hemodynamic changes using PV Doppler and the left atrium area/cardiac area (LA/CA) ratio in a fetus at 28 weeks of gestation with critical AS complicated with hydrops fetalis, polyhydramnios, and cardiac abnormality. A markedly enlarged LA and severe mitral regurgitation with critical AS were detected, with LA/CA ratio = 0.40 and double reverse pattern with forward/reverse velocity time integral ratio (FRVR) = 1.18 on PV Doppler. After amniotic reduction at 31 weeks, the LA/CA ratio decreased (0.24) and the FRVR in PV increased (7.11). Forward flow through the fetal aorta was seen spontaneously, and hydrops fetalis was relieved with LA volume reduction. A male neonate weighing 2171 g was delivered via cesarean section at 36 weeks with an Apgar score of 5 and 6 at 1 and 5 min, respectively. He required atrial septal opening and bilateral pulmonary artery banding after birth, followed by Norwood operation. The double reverse pattern in PVs might be reversible. The change in FRVR in PVs and LA/CA ratio would be helpful in understanding the hemodynamic change in fetal critical AS. | Journal of medical ultrasonics (2001) | 2,019 |
30,288,638 | Ready player one? Autophagy shapes resistance to photodynamic therapy in cancers. | Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a procedure used in cancer therapy that has been shown to be useful for certain indications. Considerable evidence suggests that PDT might be superior to conventional modalities for some indications. In this report, we examine the relationship between PDT responsiveness and autophagy, which can exert a cytoprotective effect. Autophagy is an essential physiological process that maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading dysfunctional or impaired cellular components and organelles via a lysosome-based pathway. Autophagy, which includes macroautophagy and microautophagy, can be a factor that decreases or abolishes responses to various therapeutic protocols. We systematically discuss the mechanisms underlying cell-fate decisions elicited by PDT; analyse the principles of PDT-induced autophagy, macroautophagy and microautophagy; and present evidence to support the notion that autophagy is a critical mechanism in resistance to PDT. A combined strategy involving autophagy inhibitors may be able to further enhance PDT efficacy. Finally, we provide suggestions for future studies, note where our understanding of the relevant molecular regulators is deficient, and discuss the correlations among PDT-induced resistance and autophagy, especially microautophagy. | Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death | 2,018 |
30,288,640 | Position and Content Paradigms in Genome Rearrangements: The Wild and Crazy World of Permutations in Genomics. | Modellers of large-scale genome rearrangement events, in which segments of DNA are inverted, moved, swapped, or even inserted or deleted, have found a natural syntax in the language of permutations. Despite this, there has been a wide range of modelling choices, assumptions and interpretations that make navigating the literature a significant challenge. Indeed, even authors of papers that use permutations to model genome rearrangement can struggle to interpret each others' work, because of subtle differences in basic assumptions that are often deeply ingrained (and consequently sometimes not even mentioned). In this paper, we describe the different ways in which permutations have been used to model genomes and genome rearrangement events, presenting some features and limitations of each approach, and show how the various models are related. This paper will help researchers navigate the landscape of permutation-based genome rearrangement models and make it easier for authors to present clear and consistent models. | Bulletin of mathematical biology | 2,018 |
30,288,641 | A Kinetic Analysis of Coupled (or Auxiliary) Enzyme Reactions. | As a case study, we consider a coupled (or auxiliary) enzyme assay of two reactions obeying the Michaelis-Menten mechanism. The coupled reaction consists of a single-substrate, single-enzyme non-observable reaction followed by another single-substrate, single-enzyme observable reaction (indicator reaction). In this assay, the product of the non-observable reaction is the substrate of the indicator reaction. A mathematical analysis of the reaction kinetics is performed, and it is found that after an initial fast transient, the coupled reaction is described by a pair of interacting Michaelis-Menten equations. Moreover, we show that when the indicator reaction is fast, the quasi-steady-state dynamics are governed by three fast variables and one slow variable. Timescales that approximate the respective lengths of the indicator and non-observable reactions, as well as conditions for the validity of the Michaelis-Menten equations, are derived. The theory can be extended to deal with more complex sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. | Bulletin of mathematical biology | 2,018 |
30,288,642 | Polymorphism distribution of RYR1, PRKAG3, HFABP, MYF-5 and MC4R genes in crossbred pigs. | This study was designed to screen the crossbred pigs for SNPs in five candidate genes, associated with pork quality traits and to differentiate their genotypes by PCR-RFLP. The results indicated that genotypes of crossbred pigs were NN (90%) and Nn (10%) for RYR1; RR (83%) and QR (17%) for PRKAG3; HH (98%), Hh (1%) and hh (1%) for HFABP; DD (99%) and CD (1%) for MYF-5; and AG (57%), GG (26%) and AA (17%) for MC4R SNPs, respectively. Allelic frequencies for five SNPs {RYR1 (1843C>T), PRKAG3 (c.599G>A), HFABP (c.1322C>T), MYF-5 (c.1205A>C) and MC4R (c.1426A>G)} were 0.95 and 0.05 (N/n), 0.08 and 0.92 (Q/R), 0.99 and 0.01 (H/h), 0.00 and 1.00 (C/D) and 0.45 and 0.55 (A/G), respectively. The effect of RYR1 (1843C>T) SNP was significant on pH | Molecular biology reports | 2,018 |
30,288,643 | TCF4 and GRM8 gene polymorphisms and risk of schizophrenia in an Iranian population: a case-control study. | TCF4 and GRM8, two significant genes involved in the normal nervous development and glutamate pathway, are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ). We aimed to explore the association of TCF4 and GRM8 gene polymorphisms with risk of SCZ. The rs8766 in TCF4 and rs712723 in GRM8 were selected for genotyping in a set of Iranian case-control samples including 215 patients and 220 matched healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Although rs8766 increased the OR, we found that rs8766 allele and genotype frequencies were not significantly different between case and control groups and a significant association cannot be suggested for the selected SNP. However, allele C and genotype CC (allele C: OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.13-1.94; genotype CC: OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.09-2.68) of rs712723 polymorphism was found to have a significant association with risk of SCZ. Frequency of allele C (P = 0.003) and genotype CC (P = 0.017) was higher in the schizophrenic patients, while allele T (P = 0.003) and genotype TT (P = 0.028) frequencies were found lower in patients. Our findings indicate that rs712723 in GRM8 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SCZ. However, our conclusion needs to be confirmed in other population. | Molecular biology reports | 2,018 |
30,288,639 | TAK1 mediates convergence of cellular signals for death and survival. | TGF-β activated kinase 1, a MAPK kinase kinase family serine threonine kinase has been implicated in regulating diverse range of cellular processes that include embryonic development, differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis and cell survival. TAK1 along with its binding partners TAB1, TAB2 and TAB3 displays a complex pattern of regulation that includes serious crosstalk with major signaling pathways including the C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and I-kappa B kinase complex (IKK) involved in establishing cellular commitments for death and survival. This review also highlights how TAK1 orchestrates regulation of energy homeostasis via AMPK and its emerging role in influencing mTORC1 pathway to regulate death or survival in tandem. | Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death | 2,019 |
30,288,644 | SMER28 Attenuates Dopaminergic Toxicity Mediated by 6-Hydroxydopamine in the Rats via Modulating Oxidative Burdens and Autophagy-Related Parameters. | Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that occurs due to cellular autophagy deficiency and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of the brainstem. The SMER28 (also known as 6-Bromo-N-prop-2-enylquinazolin-4-amine) is an autophagy inducer. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of SMER28 were evaluated on autophagy induction, antioxidant system activation, and microgliosis attenuation. The Parkinson's disease model was developed in the male Wistar rats by injection of 6-OHDA into the left striatum. Apomorphine-induced behavior assessment test and SNc cell counting were performed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SMER28. This study examined the pharmacological roles of SMER28, especially by focusing on the autophagy (p62/ SQSTM1 and LC3II/LC3I ratio where LC3 is microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3), inhibiting free radicals, and activating the antioxidant system. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), GSH/glutathione peroxidase (GP | Neurochemical research | 2,018 |
30,288,647 | Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commonly consumed seafood from coastal areas of Bangladesh and associated human health implications. | Levels, distribution, possible sources and potential risks of 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated comprehensively in frequently consumed seafood species collected from the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Samples were collected in winter and summer, 2015. The total concentration of PAHs (∑PAHs) in the examined seafood was 184.5-2806.6 ng/g wet weight (ww) in winter and 117.9-4216.8 ng/g ww in summer, respectively. The levels of ∑PAHs were comparable to or higher than those reported from other coastal areas. Seasonal variation was not significant for the majority of the monitored PAHs. Spatial distribution revealed that the seafood collected from areas with recent urbanization and industrialization (Chittagong, Cox's Bazar and Sundarbans) was more contaminated with PAHs than those from the unindustrialized area (Meghna Estuary). Low-molecular-weight isomers dominated the PAH composition. Molecular ratios suggested the abundance of mixed sources of PAHs in the Bangladeshi coastal areas with a slight imposition toward the petrogenic origin. A preliminary evaluation of human health risk indicated that the dietary PAH exposure from consumption of Bangladeshi seafood would certainly induce adverse health effects. This finding suggests the need to enhance risk management regarding seafood consumption through public advisory in Bangladesh. | Environmental geochemistry and health | 2,019 |
30,288,648 | Do Beliefs About Whether Others Can See Modulate Social Seeking in Autism? | Autistic people process gaze differently than typical people, but it is not yet clear if these differences lie in the processing of eye-shapes or the belief in whether others can see (perceptual mentalizing). We aimed to investigate whether these two models of gaze processing modulate social seeking in typical and autistic adults. We measured preferences of participants to view videos of an actress with visible or hidden eyes, who can or cannot see out. While typical participants preferred videos where the actress can see through and has visible eyes, autistic people showed no preference for these videos. These findings are discussed in the context of perceptual mentalizing and the social motivation theory of autism. | Journal of autism and developmental disorders | 2,019 |
30,288,649 | Suture dehiscence and collagen content in the human mitral and tricuspid annuli. | Postoperative suture dehiscence is an important mode of short-term mitral and tricuspid valve (MV, TV) repair failure. We sought to evaluate suture pullout forces and collagen density in human atrioventricular valves for a better understanding of the comparative physiology between the valves and the underlying mechanobiological basis for suture retention. Mitral and tricuspid annuli were each excised from hearts from human donors age 60-79 with no history of heart disease (n = 6). Anchor sutures were vertically pulled until tearing through the tissue. Suture pullout force (F | Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology | 2,019 |
30,288,654 | C-Reactive Protein Level Predicts Survival Outcomes in Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Total Mesorectal Excision After Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy. | Systemic inflammatory response, as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), is associated with prognosis in various types of human malignancies. However, to the best of our knowledge, the clinical significance of CRP in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer that undergo preoperative chemoradiation has not been investigated in detail. This retrospective study validates CRP as a potential predictive marker for survival outcomes in rectal cancer patients. | Annals of surgical oncology | 2,018 |
30,288,657 | Genome-wide exploration of C2H2 zinc finger family in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. Durum): insights into the roles in biological processes especially stress response. | C2H2 type of zinc finger transcription factors (C2H2-ZFP TFs) play crucial roles in plant developments and stress response. Regarding its importance, genome-wide study of C2H2-ZFs were performed in multiple important plant species, but any such investigation was not fulfilled in Triticum turgidum ssp. Durum (durum wheat) as an important nutritional crop. The present study identified 122 C2H2-ZFs in durum wheat and physically mapped them onto the genome. The phylogenetic analysis classified these TFs into six major groups. Genes structure and conserved motifs assay showed TtC2H2-ZF involvement in the important cellular functions. Comparative phylogeny between durum wheat TtC2H2-ZF genes and the orthologs in rice revealed the evolutionary relationships of C2H2-ZF proteins. The gene ontology and promoter cis-element analysis indicated that most of TtC2H2-ZF genes are involved in multiple molecular functions including metal ion-binding and various stimuli responses. Further, the miRNAs targeting TtC2H2-ZF transcripts, homology modeling and proteins interaction network were also demonstrated, suggesting the vital cellular functions of TtC2H2-ZFs during various circumstances. The expression heatmap demonstrated differential and tissue-specific expression patterns of these genes. Expression profiling of this gene family members in response to dehydration and heat stresses showed differential expression pattern of these genes at multiple time points of stresses. This study can prepare a comprehensive overview of the durum wheat C2H2-ZF gene family and may provide a new perspective on the evolution of them, which will form the basis for further investigation of the roles of this family members and future genetic engineering studies in crops. | Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine | 2,018 |
30,288,656 | Intercalated discs: cellular adhesion and signaling in heart health and diseases. | Intercalated discs (ICDs) are highly orchestrated structures that connect neighboring cardiomyocytes in the heart. Three major complexes are distinguished in ICD: desmosome, adherens junction (AJ), and gap junction (GJ). Desmosomes are major cell adhesion junctions that anchor cell membrane to the intermediate filament network; AJs connect the actin cytoskeleton of adjacent cells; and gap junctions metabolically and electrically connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cardiomyocytes. All these complexes work as a single unit, the so-called area composita, interdependently rather than individually. Mutation or altered expression of ICD proteins results in various cardiac diseases, such as ARVC (arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy), dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypotrophy cardiomyopathy, eventually leading to heart failure. In this article, we first review the recent findings on the structural organization of ICD and their functions and then focus on the recent advances in molecular pathogenesis of the ICD-related heart diseases, which include two major areas: i) the ICD gene mutations in cardiac diseases, and ii) the involvement of ICD proteins in signal transduction pathways leading to myocardium remodeling and eventual heart failure. These major ICD-related signaling pathways include Wnt/β-catenin pathway, p38 MAPK cascade, Rho-dependent serum response factor (SRF) signaling, calcineurin/NFAT signaling, Hippo kinase cascade, etc., which are differentially regulated in pathological conditions. | Heart failure reviews | 2,019 |
30,288,662 | Effectiveness of intraoperative visual evoked potential in avoiding visual deterioration during endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors. | Postoperative visual function is a major concern in transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Although several reports have demonstrated the importance of visual evoked potential (VEP) monitoring during TSS, the usefulness of VEP monitoring have been controversial because of its reproducibility. Efficacy of VEP was analyzed in 20 consecutive cases of patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal TSS surgery. We adapted a high-power light-emitting diode stimulator with electroretinography using venous anesthesia. In addition, we used black shield patch and braided codes to obtain reproducible VEP amplitudes. Stable and reproducible VEP waveforms were obtained in 38 of 39 eyes (97.4%) before surgery. Fifteen eyes had deteriorated VEP amplitude during operation, and nine eyes had improved VEP amplitude at the end of surgery, and six eyes had not improved VEP amplitude. But no postoperative visual impairment was observed in all cases by temporary halting the surgical manipulation when the VEP was deteriorated. In conclusion, VEP monitoring could be a warning sign to avoid postoperative visual dysfunction. We recommend VEP as a routine monitoring in TSS. | Neurosurgical review | 2,020 |
30,288,664 | Does proton pump inhibition change the on-treatment anti-Xa activity in xabans-treated patients with atrial fibrillation? A pilot study. | Proton pump inhibition (PPI) reduces gastrointestinal bleeding on direct oral anticoagulants. However, PPI may affect dabigatran on-treatment levels; and there is no information regarding the effect of PPI on xabans on-treatment activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of PPI on therapeutic anti-Xa activity in rivaroxaban- and apixaban-treated patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This single-centre pilot prospective study enrolled 77 consecutive xabans-treated patients (42 rivaroxaban-treated and 35 apixaban-treated patients) with AF. PPI was administrated in 44 patients. Trough and peak anti-Xa activity was assessed with factor Xa-calibrated anti-Xa chromogenic analysis. There were no significant differences in trough anti-Xa activity comparing PPI-treated patients and patients without PPI (80.5 ± 66.5 ng/mL in PPI group vs. 71.6 ± 64.1 ng/mL in non-PPI group, p = 0.57, Table 2). Similarly, there were no significant differences in peak anti-Xa activity between compared groups (175.2 ± 102.5 ng/mL in PPI group vs. 202.9 ± 84.1 ng/mL in non-PPI group, p = 0.21). This pilot study did not reveal significant changes in xabans on-treatment anti-Xa activity according the PPI status. | Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis | 2,019 |
30,288,663 | The Time Course of Dorsal and Rostral-Ventral Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activity in the Emotional Stroop Experiment Reveals Valence and Arousal Aberrant Modulation in Patients with Schizophrenia. | This paper aims to investigate the temporal dynamics within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the rostral-ventral (rv) ACC during the interaction of emotional valence and arousal with cognitive control in patients with Schizophrenia (SZ). Although cognitive deficits in SZ are highly relevant and emotional disturbances are common, the temporal relationship of brain regions involved in the interaction of emotional and cognitive processing in SZ is yet to be determined. To address this issue, the reaction time (RT), event-related potential (ERP) and temporal dynamics of the dACC and rvACC activity were compared between SZ subjects and healthy controls (HC), using a modified emotional Stroop experiment (with factors namely congruence, arousal and valence). EEG was recorded with 64 channels and source localisation was performed using the sLORETA software package. We observed slower initial increase and lower peaks of time course activity within the dACC and rvACC in the SZ group. In this particular group, the dACC activity during late negativity was negatively correlated with a significantly higher RT in the high arousal conflict condition. In contrast to HC subjects, at the N450 window, there was no significant valence (ERP and rvACC ROI) modulation effect in the SZ subjects. Using high density EEG and source localisation, it was possible to distinguish various disturbances within the dACC and rvACC in patients with SZ, during emotion-cognition processing. | Brain topography | 2,019 |
30,288,667 | Contributions of TaSUTs to grain weight in wheat under drought. | The homologous genes to OsSUT1-5 in wheat were identified and detailed analysed. TaSUT1 was the predominant sucrose transporter group and it illustrated the genotypic variations towards drought during grain filling. Sucrose transporters (SUT) play crucial roles in wheat stem water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) remobilization to grain. To determine the major functional SUT gene groups in shoot parts of wheat during grain development, drought tolerant varieties, Westonia and Kauz, were investigated in field drought experiments. Fourteen homologous genes to OsSUT1-5 were identified on five homeologous groups, namely TaSUT1_4A, TaSUT1_4B, TaSUT1_4D; TaSUT2_5A, TaSUT2_5B, TaSUT2_5D; TaSUT3_1A, TaSUT3_1D; TaSUT4_6A, TaSUT4_6B, TaSUT4_6D; TaSUT5_2A, TaSUT5_2B, and TaSUT5_2D, and their gene structures were analysed. Wheat plants above the ground were harvested from pre-anthesis to grain maturity and the stem, leaf sheath, rachis, lemma and developing grain were used for analysing TaSUT gene expression. Grain weight, thousand grain weight, kernel number per spike, biomass and stem WSC were characterized. The study showed that among the five TaSUT groups, TaSUT1 was the predominant sucrose transporting group in all organs sampled, and the expression was particularly high in the developing grain. In contrast to TaSUT1, the gene expression levels of TaSUT2, TaSUT3 and TaSUT4 were lower, except for TaSUT3 which showed preferential expression in the lemma before anthesis. The TaSUT5 gene group was very weakly expressed in all tissues. The upregulated gene expression of TaSUT1 Westonia type in stem and grain reveal a crucial role in stem WSC remobilization to grain under drought. The high TaSUT1 gene expression and the significant correlations with thousand grain weight (TGW) and kernel number per spike demonstrated the contribution in Kauz's high grain yield in an irrigated environment and high TGW in Westonia under drought stress. Further molecular level identification is required for gene marker development. | Plant molecular biology | 2,018 |
30,288,668 | L-Norvaline Reverses Cognitive Decline and Synaptic Loss in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease. | The urea cycle is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Arginase-I (ARGI) accumulation at sites of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition is associated with L-arginine deprivation and neurodegeneration. An interaction between the arginase II (ARGII) and mTOR-ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (S6K1) pathways promotes inflammation and oxidative stress. In this study, we treated triple-transgenic (3×Tg) mice exhibiting increased S6K1 activity and wild-type (WT) mice with L-norvaline, which inhibits both arginase and S6K1. The acquisition of spatial memory was significantly improved in the treated 3×Tg mice, and the improvement was associated with a substantial reduction in microgliosis. In these mice, increases in the density of dendritic spines and expression levels of neuroplasticity-related proteins were followed by a decline in the levels of Aβ toxic oligomeric and fibrillar species in the hippocampus. The findings point to an association of local Aβ-driven and immune-mediated responses with altered L-arginine metabolism, and they suggest that arginase and S6K1 inhibition by L-norvaline may delay the progression of AD. | Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics | 2,018 |
30,288,669 | Comparison between Enteroscopy-Based and Laparoscopy-Assisted ERCP for Accessing the Biliary Tree in Patients with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. | Although balloon-assisted enteroscopy-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (BAE-ERCP) is a well-described means of accessing the duodenal papilla in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), it is associated with modest clinical success rates. Laparoscopy-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP)-performed by advancing a standard duodenoscope through a gastrostomy into the excluded stomach and duodenum-has emerged as a viable alternative to BAE-ERCP, with apparently higher success rates. In this systematic review, we compare LA-ERCP with enteroscopy-based techniques in post-RYGB patients, including 22 case series that provided data on papilla identification, papilla cannulation, and complications. We found that LA-ERCP was superior to the enteroscopy-based techniques in its capacity to reach the duodenal papilla, although complication rates were lower for the latter. Comparative studies are needed in order to corroborate our findings. | Obesity surgery | 2,018 |
30,288,670 | Is There a Better Design for a Bariatric Procedure? The Case for a Single Anastomosis Duodenal Switch. | The majority of bariatric surgical stapling procedure concepts were developed prior to the understanding of obesity as an energy storage disease. Conventional treatments did not consider the impact of macronutrients on hormones and glucose variability. Current recommendations suggest diets low in glycemic load, with moderate protein and unsaturated fat. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass promotes glucose variability which can be harmful for health and encourage weight regain. Classic duodenal switch with short common channels may prevent absorption of measurable fat-soluble vitamins and frequently untested essential fatty acids. The purpose of this review is to discuss these factors and explain why single anastomosis duodenal switch reduces glucose variability, allows for absorption of critical fats and fat-soluble vitamins, and has potential to offer better weight loss and metabolic outcomes. | Obesity surgery | 2,018 |
30,288,671 | Order matters: Alphabetizing in-text citations biases citation rates. | Though citations are critical for communicating science and evaluating scholarly success, properties unrelated to the quality of the work-such as cognitive biases-can influence citation decisions. The primacy effect, in particular, is relevant to lists, which for in-text citations could result in citations earlier in the list receiving more attention than those later in the list. Therefore, how citations are ordered could influence which citations receive the most attention. Using a sample of 150,000 articles, we tested whether alphabetizing in-text citations biases readers into citing more often articles with first authors whose surnames begin with letters early in the alphabet. We found that surnames earlier in the alphabet were cited more often than those later in the alphabet when journals ordered citations alphabetically compared with chronologically or numerically. This effect seemed to be stronger in psychology journals (which have a culture of alphabetizing citations) compared with biology or geoscience journals (which primarily order chronologically or numerically) and was strongest among moderately and highly cited articles. Therefore, alphabetizing in-text citations biases citation decisions toward authors with surnames occurring early in the alphabet. These citation decisions result from an interaction between cognitive biases (more attention devoted to items earlier in a list) and the structure of the citation environment (the style in which citations are ordered). We suggest that journals using alphabetically ordered citations switch to chronological ordering to minimize this arbitrary alphabetical citation bias. | Psychonomic bulletin & review | 2,019 |
30,288,673 | Activation of peroxymonosulfate by Fe-N complexes embedded within SBA-15 for removal of organic contaminants via production of singlet oxygen. | Persulfates are recognized as promising oxidants and an alternative to Fenton reaction for water treatment. However, activation methods in hand restrict the practical application. Herein, we explore the possibility of Fe-N complexes being a catalyst for persulfate activation for the first time. The catalyst denoted as Fe-Im-SBA was synthesized from ferric chloride, imidazole, and SBA-15 at high temperature. The internal pore structure of Fe-Im-SBA was maintained well; Fe, N and C elements are evenly distributed on the catalyst. This catalyst presents an extraordinarily catalytic activity for Rh B removal by PMS activation with a removal rate of Rh B that reached up to 97.0% in the first 5 min. It also performed well in a wide pH range with complete removal of Rh B in pH ranged from 0.5 to 10, suggesting the stability of this catalyst in both acidic and alkaline conditions. It also showed high adaptability to degrade different kinds of pollutants, which could give an attractive advantage of Fe-Im-SBA for environmental implications. Through X-ray absorption spectroscopies analysis, it shows that the active sites of Fe-Im-SBA are composed of Fe-N | Environmental science and pollution research international | 2,018 |
30,288,674 | Dietary propionic acid enhances antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of oxytetracycline on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. | This study was carried out to evaluate the potential antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of the dietary acidifier propionic acid (PA) when given alone or in combination with oxytetracycline (OTC) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Apparently healthy O. niloticus (n = 240; 52 ± 3.75 g) were randomly allocated into four equal groups (n = 60/group): control group fed a basal diet alone and the other three groups fed basal diets supplemented with either PA (200 mg /kg of diet, PA group) or OTC (500 mg/kg of diet, OTC group) alone or in combination (PA + OTC group). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 30/subgroup, each subgroup had triplicate of 10 fish); subgroup (A) was used to evaluate the antibacterial effects with the aforementioned 2 weeks feeding regime, and subgroup (B) was used to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects against Aeromonas hydrophila infection with similar 2 weeks feeding regime. Among the four groups, PA + OTC group showed the highest significant (p < 0.0001) antibacterial activity as indicated by widest inhibition zones against A. hydrophila and lowest total gastrointestinal bacterial counts. Additionally, this group had the best immunomodulatory effect as noticed by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in total serum protein, globulin, IgM, phagocytic activity and index, lysosome activity, and significant (p < 0.05) upregulation in the expression levels of immunity-related genes (MHC I, MHC IIA, MHC IIB, Tlr7, IgM heavy chain, TNFα, and IL1β) in head-kidney. Notably, the combined dietary PA and OTC improved the hematological parameters and reduced the oxidative damage of hepatopancreas and head-kidney induced by OTC. This data suggests dietary PA as potential adjuvant to OTC in O. niloticus diets to get maximal antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects. | Environmental science and pollution research international | 2,018 |
30,288,678 | Non-granulomatous cerebellar infection by Acanthamoeba spp. in an immunocompetent host. | Acanthamoeba spp. is a free-living amoeba, frequently involved in keratitis by contact lens in immunocompetent hosts. Anecdotal reports associate Acanthamoeba spp. as a cause of severe granulomatous encephalitis in immunocompromised and, less frequently, in immunocompetent subjects. Data regarding clinical and therapeutic management are scanty and no defined therapeutic guidelines are available. We describe an unusual case of non-granulomatous Acanthamoeba cerebellitis in an immunocompetent adult male, with abrupt onset of neurological impairment, subtle hemorrhagic infarction at magnetic resonance imaging, and initial suspicion of cerebellar neoplasm. Histopathological findings of excised cerebellar mass revealed the presence of necrosis and inflammation with structure resembling amoebic trophozoites, but without granulomas. Polymerase chain reaction from cerebellar tissue was positive for Acanthamoeba T4 genotype. Due to gastrointestinal intolerance to miltefosine, the patient was treated with long-term course of fluconazole and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, obtaining complete clinical and neuroradiological resolution. | Infection | 2,018 |
30,288,682 | Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Anti-influenza Agent Baloxavir Marboxil in Healthy Adults: Phase I Study Findings. | Baloxavir marboxil, a prodrug that is metabolized to baloxavir acid, suppresses viral replication by inhibiting cap-dependent endonuclease. This first-in-human phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of baloxavir marboxil/baloxavir acid in healthy Japanese volunteers (Study 1), while food effects were evaluated in a separate phase I, crossover study in healthy Japanese volunteers (Study 2). | Clinical drug investigation | 2,018 |
30,288,683 | Exploration of Implementation Patterns and Content from a Text-Based Outreach Intervention Clinical Trial for Newly Diagnosed, HIV-Positive MSM in Beijing, China. | The Multi-component HIV Intervention Packages for Chinese MSM (China MP3) project sought to facilitate engagement in care and initiation of antiretroviral therapy among newly HIV-diagnosed men who have sex with men in Beijing, China through the implementation of in-person peer-counseling (PC) and a weekly short message service (SMS)-based outreach text with as-needed follow-up during the first 12-months of living with HIV. Implementation of the interactive text-based intervention used a 'ticket system' to monitor and document responses to texted check-ins and PC follow-up. Using this tracking system, we characterized the 1521 tickets generated during the China-MP3 intervention across 184 intervention participants. A wide variety of topics were the focus of interactions prompted by texted outreach although most appeared to focus on issues related to ART and CD4 and viral load. Almost all participants engaged in at least one SMS-related discussion. Sending regular check-ins may offer unique opportunities to newly diagnosed MSM to ask questions or gather support between face-to-face visits. | AIDS and behavior | 2,019 |
30,288,686 | One mirror effect: The regularities of recognition memory. | The mirror effect is a pattern of results generally found in two-condition recognition memory experiments that is consistent with normative signal detection theory as a model of recognition. However, the claim has been made that there is a distinct mirror effect, the "strength mirror effect," that differs from the normative one. This claim is based on experiments on recognition memory in which repetition or study time is varied to produce differences in accuracy, where typically the ordinary mirror effect pattern is absent. If this claim is correct, it has major implications for theories of recognition memory. Therefore, a full examination of the data that support the claim was called for. To do that, we replicated the basic demonstration of the no-mirror-effect data and analyzed it further in a series of experiments. The analysis showed the following: (1) Whether or not the mirror effect occurs is determined by whether the experimenter furnishes effective discriminanda that distinguish the weak and strong conditions for the participant. (2) Once Finding 1 is taken into account, no adjustments of or additions to the normative signal detection theory explanations are necessary. (3) There is only one mirror effect, and no separate "strength mirror effect." | Memory & cognition | 2,019 |
30,288,684 | The Depression Treatment Cascade: Disparities by Alcohol Use, Drug Use, and Panic Symptoms Among Patients in Routine HIV Care in the United States. | Little is known about disparities in depression prevalence, treatment, and remission by psychiatric comorbidities and substance use among persons living with HIV (PLWH). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in a large cohort of PLWH in routine care and analyzed conditional probabilities of having an indication for depression treatment, receiving treatment, receiving indicated treatment adjustments, and achieving remission, stratified by alcohol use, illicit drug use, and panic symptoms. Overall, 34.7% (95% CI 33.9-35.5%) of participants had an indication for depression treatment and of these, 55.3% (53.8-56.8%) were receiving antidepressants. Among patients receiving antidepressants, 33.0% (31.1-34.9%) had evidence of remitted depression. In a subsample of sites with antidepressant dosage data, only 8.8% (6.7-11.5%) of patients received an indicated treatment adjustment. Current drug users (45.8%, 95% CI 43.6-48.1%) and patients reporting full symptoms of panic disorder (75.0%, 95% CI 72.9-77.1%) were most likely to have an indication for antidepressant treatment, least likely to receive treatment given an indication (current drug use: 47.6%, 95% CI 44.3-51.0%; full panic symptoms: 50.8%, 95% CI 48.0-53.6%), or have evidence of remitted depression when treated (22.3%, 95% CI 18.5-26.6%; and 7.3%, 95% CI 5.5-9.6%, respectively). In a multivariable model, drug use and panic symptoms were independently associated with poorer outcomes along the depression treatment cascade. Few differences were evident by alcohol use. Current drug users were most likely to have an indication for depression treatment, but were least likely to be receiving treatment or to have remitted depression. These same disparities were even more starkly evident among patients with co-occurring symptoms of panic disorder compared to those without. Achieving improvements in the depression treatment cascade will likely require attention to substance use and psychiatric comorbidities. | AIDS and behavior | 2,019 |
30,288,690 | Feature-based attention across saccades: Pop-out in color search is spatiotopic. | Our perception of the world remains stable despite the retinal shifts that occur with each saccade. The role of spatial attention in matching pre- to postsaccadic visual information has been well established, but the role of feature-based attention remains unclear. In this study, we examined the transsaccadic processing of a color pop-out target. Participants made a saccade towards a neutral target and performed a search task on a peripheral array presented once the saccade landed. A similar array was presented just before the saccade and we analyzed what aspect of this preview benefitted the postsaccadic search task. We assessed the preview effect in the spatiotopic and retinotopic reference frames, and the potential transfer of feature selectivity across the saccade. In the first experiment, the target and distractor colors remained identical for the preview and the postsaccadic array and performance improved. The largest benefit was observed at the spatiotopic location. In the second experiment, the target and distractor colors were swapped across the saccade. All responses were slowed but the cost was least at the spatiotopic location. Our results show that the preview attracted spatial attention to the target location, which was then remapped, and suggest that previewed features, specifically colors, were transferred across the saccade. Furthermore, the preview induced a spatiotopic advantage regardless of whether the target switched color or not, suggesting that spatiotopy was established independently of feature processing. Our results support independent priming effects of features versus location and underline the role of feature-based selection in visual stability. | Attention, perception & psychophysics | 2,019 |
30,288,688 | Association of CILP, COL9A2 and MMP3 Gene Polymorphisms with Lumbar Disc Degeneration in an Indian Population. | Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is a multifactorial disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors. Polymorphisms in several structural and inflammatory genes like collagens, aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinases are associated with the risk of disc degeneration. In this study, we analyzed the role of a few important single nucleotide polymorphisms in cartilage intermediate layer protein (CILP), collagen 9A2 (COL9A2) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) genes in LDD from an Indian population. Two hundred patients with LDD and 200 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination assay. The rs2073711 polymorphism (CILP gene - GG genotype) was associated with reduced risk of LDD in the Indian population (OR = 0.43, p = 0.016). The rs591058 polymorphism (MMP3 gene - TT genotype) is found to be associated with lower risk among women (OR = 0.34, p = 0.041). No significant association was found between COL9A2 polymorphism rs7533552 and the risk of LDD. We conclude that the CILP gene polymorphism (rs2073711) is associated with a lower risk of LDD, the MMP3 (rs591058) gene polymorphism is associated with LDD among women, and the TT genotype confers a lower risk of LDD. | Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN | 2,018 |
30,288,689 | Agaricus bisporus supplementation reduces high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and fatty liver development. | Obesity is a global epidemic characterized not only by excessive fat deposition but also by important complications such as nonalcoholic liver steatosis. Beneficial antiobesogenic effects have been described for some mushrooms. The current study aimed to demonstrate the protective effect of Agaricus bisporus (AB) supplementation against the metabolic alterations induced by high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed for 10 weeks with one of the following diets: (1) control diet (n = 7), (2) HFD (n = 7), (3) HFD supplemented with 5% AB (n = 9), and (4) HFD supplemented with 10% AB (n = 9). A pair-fed group was also included for the 10% AB group (n = 6). The impact of AB supplementation on food intake, body weight gain, and liver and fat pad weights was examined. Biochemical, histological, and molecular parameters were also analyzed. Dietary supplementation with 10% AB reduced the HFD-induced increase in body, epididymal, and mesenteric fat weights (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively). Supplementation with AB also reduced liver damage in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). This effect was confirmed by histological analysis that showed that liver steatosis was markedly reduced in mice fed with AB. The beneficial properties of 10% AB supplementation appear to be mediated through a decrease in food intake and via stimulation of mesenteric and hepatic free-fatty acid beta-oxidation, along with a decrease in epidydimal and hepatic expression of CD36. In conclusion, supplementation with AB prevents excessive body weight gain and liver steatosis induced by HFD consumption. | Journal of physiology and biochemistry | 2,018 |
30,288,693 | Early ileostomy reversal after minimally invasive surgery and ERAS program for mid and low rectal cancer. | Diverting loop ileostomy following low anterior resection (LAR) is known to decrease quality of life and prolongs the return back to patients' baseline activity. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore feasibility and safety of an early ileostomy reversal strategy in a cohort of patients undergoing minimally invasive LAR within an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program. Prospectively collected data from 15 patients who underwent minimally invasive LAR and diverting ileostomy at the Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Verona Hospital Trust between September 2015 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 15 patients, 10 patients underwent laparoscopic LAR and 5 patients a robot-assisted procedure. Post-operative complications were observed in 5 patients. Four patients suffered Clavien-Dindo grade 1 or 2 complications, and one patient required redo surgery due to bowel obstruction at the ileostomy site (grade 3b). Following ileostomy reversal, 10 out of 15 patients experienced complications. Two patients required redo surgery for bowel obstruction (grade 3b), whilst eight patients suffered grade 1 or 2 complications, being surgical site infection the most frequently observed (6 cases). Despite that, 80% of patients had their ileostomy reversed within 30 days and median time from initial surgery to ileostomy reversal was 22 days (range 10-150). Early ileostomy closure after minimally invasive LAR and ERAS program is feasible although it carries non-negligible risk of severe complications which, however, does not hinder its accomplishment. | Updates in surgery | 2,019 |
30,288,694 | Neuron-Type Specific Loss of CDKL5 Leads to Alterations in mTOR Signaling and Synaptic Markers. | CDKL5 disorder is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder associated with epilepsy, developmental retardation, autism, and related phenotypes. Mutations in the CDKL5 gene, encoding CDKL5, have been identified in this disorder. CDKL5 is a protein with homology to the serine-threonine kinases and incompletely characterized function. We generated and validated a murine model bearing a floxed allele of CDKL5 and polyclonal antibodies to CDKL5. CDKL5 is well expressed in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, localized to synaptosomes and nuclei and developmentally regulated in the hippocampus. Using Cre-mediated mechanisms, we deleted CDKL5 from excitatory CaMKIIα-positive neurons or inhibitory GABAergic neurons. Our data indicate that loss of CDKL5 in excitatory neurons of the cortex or inhibitory neurons of the striatum differentially alters expression of some components of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Further loss of CDKL5 in excitatory neurons of the cortex or inhibitory neurons of the striatum leads to alterations in levels of synaptic markers in a neuron-type specific manner. Taken together, these data support a model in which loss of CDKL5 alters mTOR signaling and synaptic compositions in a neuron-type specific manner and suggest that CDKL5 may have distinct functional roles related to cellular signaling in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Thus, these studies provide new insights into the biology of CDKL5 and suggest that the molecular pathology in CDKL5 disorder may have distinct neuron-type specific origins and effects. | Molecular neurobiology | 2,019 |
30,288,698 | A robust method for segmenting pectoral muscle in mediolateral oblique (MLO) mammograms. | Accurately detecting and removing pectoral muscle areas depicting on mediolateral oblique (MLO) view mammograms are an important step to develop a computer-aided detection scheme to assess global mammographic density or tissue patterns. This study aims to develop and test a new fully automated, accurate and robust method for segmenting pectoral muscle in MLO mammograms. | International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery | 2,019 |
30,288,697 | Inhibition of Autophagy by Captopril Attenuates Prion Peptide-Mediated Neuronal Apoptosis via AMPK Activation. | Accumulation of prion protein (PrPc) into a protease-resistant form (PrPsc) in the brains of humans and animals affects the central nervous system. PrPsc occurs only in mammals with transmissible prion diseases. Prion protein refers to either the infectious pathogen itself or the main component of the pathogen. Recent studies suggest that autophagy is one of the major functions that keep cells alive and which has a protective effect against neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated whether the anti-hypertensive drug, captopril, could attenuate prion peptide PrP (106-126)-induced calcium alteration-mediated neurotoxicity. Treatment with captopril increased both LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-II) and p62 protein levels, indicating autophagy flux inhibition. Electron microscopy confirmed the occurrence of autophagic flux inhibition in neuronal cells treated with captopril. Captopril attenuated PrP (106-126)-induced neuronal cell death via AMPK activation and autophagy inhibition. Compound C suppressed AMPK activation as well as the neuroprotective effects of captopril. Thus, these data showed that an anti-hypertensive drug has a protective effect against prion-mediated neuronal cell death via autophagy inhibition and AMPK activation, and also suggest that anti-hypertensive drugs may be effective therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative disorders, including prion diseases. | Molecular neurobiology | 2,019 |
30,288,696 | Early Manifestations of Brain Aging in Mice Due to Low Dietary Folate and Mild MTHFR Deficiency. | Folate is an important B vitamin required for methylation reactions, nucleotide and neurotransmitter synthesis, and maintenance of homocysteine at nontoxic levels. Its metabolism is tightly linked to that of choline, a precursor to acetylcholine and membrane phospholipids. Low folate intake and genetic variants in folate metabolism, such as the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 C>T polymorphism, have been suggested to impact brain function and increase the risk for cognitive decline and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Our study aimed to assess the impact of genetic and nutritional disturbances in folate metabolism, and their potential interaction, on features of cognitive decline and brain biochemistry in a mouse model. Wild-type and Mthfr | Molecular neurobiology | 2,019 |
30,288,722 | A Relational Ontology for Psychology: Life as an Asymmetric Subjet-Object Choosing Relation : Review of A New Logical Foundation for Psychology, J. Mammen, Springer, 2017. | This review of Mammen's new book (2017), provides a brief summary of the first part, stressing the main points of the author's constructive critique of the unfortunate issues psychology inherited from the atomistic mechanism of classical physics. Driving the discussion on the ontological level, Mammen briefly shows how nowadays natural sciences provide the main components psychology needs to overcome the everlasting crisis of psychology since its constitution as a science: discontinuity, contextuality, etc. Making of the relation between subject and object the foundation of any science, Mammen contributes to a new ontology specific to human study with elements of last century mathematics, notably the axiom of choice, bridging the rift between natural and human sciences with a continuum from inert matter to more or less advanced life forms. Mammen's constructive proposal opens the building site of a new foundation for life sciences, avoiding both simplistic mechanism and nihilist post-modernism. | Integrative psychological & behavioral science | 2,019 |
30,288,724 | How do you feel when you check your body? Emotional states during a body-checking episode in normal-weight females. | Cognitive-behavioral theories posit that body checking decreases negative emotions, but increases levels of arousal. However, few studies have investigated the effects of body checking on the course of emotional states. Therefore, the current study examined how normal-weight females with higher and lower eating, weight, and shape concerns feel during a checking episode of their most-liked and least-liked body parts. | Eating and weight disorders : EWD | 2,020 |
30,288,725 | Affect, reward, and punishment in anorexia nervosa: a narrative overview. | Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric disorder that is difficult to treat and often follows a protracted course. A number of theoretical models have been proposed for the etiology and maintenance of AN. Two domains that have received substantial attention in the literature on AN are affect and reward/punishment processes. However, despite an overlap in the nature and implications of these processes, studies of AN addressing these constructs have typically investigated them independently. | Eating and weight disorders : EWD | 2,018 |
30,288,730 | Early parenting predicts hippocampal subregion volume via stress reactivity in childhood. | Rodent models indicate that parenting shapes offspring outcomes by programming the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress and, ultimately, altering brain structure and function. The present study tested this hypothesis and explored possible timing-dependent associations in a longitudinal sample of children (N = 63). At Time 1 (M = 4.23 ± 0.84 years) and Time 2 (M = 7.20 ± 0.89 years), children completed parent-child interaction tasks and a laboratory stressor after which salivary cortisol samples were collected. At Time 2, children also completed a structural MRI. Analyses revealed timing- and region-dependent associations between early and concurrent parenting and cortisol reactivity and hippocampal subregion volumes. Moreover, greater negative parenting during early childhood predicted greater cortisol reactivity three years later, which, in turn, led to reduced left hippocampal tail volume. Findings suggest that the hippocampus is sensitive to environmental influences during early childhood, a result that parallels findings from rodent models. | Developmental psychobiology | 2,019 |
30,288,732 | Repetitive neonatal pain and reduced maternal care alter brain neurochemistry. | Preterm infants are exposed to many stressors while in the neonatal intensive care unit including pain and reduced maternal care. Both stressors can have a profound negative impact on brain development, and the present study sought to investigate some of the biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Rat pups underwent a series of repetitive needle pokes and/or reduced maternal care through a novel tea-ball infuser encapsulation model during the first four days of life. On postnatal day four, pups were sacrificed and serum was analyzed for corticosterone, while brains were tested for various neurotransmitters and brain metabolites through magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We found that exposure to maternal isolation and neonatal pain produced an increase in serum corticosterone but decreased glutamate levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. These alterations in stress responding and neurochemistry in response to the early-life stressors may help explain some of the negative outcomes seen in preterm infants. | Developmental psychobiology | 2,018 |
30,288,733 | Interpregnancy interval and abnormally invasive placentation. | The presence of a previous uterine scar is a strong risk factor for developing abnormally invasive placentation (AIP). We sought to determine whether a short interpregnancy interval predisposes to AIP. We hypothesized that a short interpregnancy interval after a previous cesarean delivery increases the risk of AIP in comparison with a longer interpregnancy interval. | Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica | 2,019 |
30,288,735 | Novel exostosin-2 missense variants in a family with autosomal recessive exostosin-2-related syndrome: further evidences on the phenotype. | Biallelic exostosin-2 (EXT2) pathogenic variants have been described as the cause of the Seizures-Scoliosis-Macrocephaly syndrome (OMIM 616682) characterized by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms and seizures. More recently, it has been proposed to rename this disorder with the acronym AREXT2 (autosomal recessive EXT2-related syndrome). Here, we report the third family affected by AREXT2 syndrome, harboring compound missense variants in EXT2, p.Asp227Asn, and p.Tyr608Cys. In addition, our patients developed multiple exostoses, which were not observed in the previously described families. AREXT2 syndrome can be considered as a multiorgan Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation caused by a significant, but non-lethal, decrease in EXT2 expression, thereby affecting the synthesis of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which is relevant in many physiological processes. Our finding expands the clinical and molecular spectrum of the AREXT2 syndrome and suggests a possible genotype/phenotype correlation in the development of the exostoses. | Clinical genetics | 2,019 |
30,288,737 | The uses of disorder in negotiated information orders: information leveraging and changing norms in global public health governance. | The SARS epidemic that broke out in late 2002 in China's Guangdong Province highlighted the difficulties of reliance on state-provided information when states have incentives to conceal discrediting information about public health threats. Using SARS and the International Health Regulations (IHR) as a starting point, this article examines negotiated information orders in global public health governance and the irregularities in the supply of data that underlie them. Negotiated information orders within and among the organizations in a field (here, e.g., the World Health Organization, member states, government agencies, and international non-governmental organizations) spell out relationships among different categories of knowledge and non-knowledge - what is known, acknowledged to be known, and available for use in decision making versus what might be known but cannot be acknowledged or officially used. Through information leveraging, technically sufficient information then becomes socially sufficient information. Thus it is especially information initially categorized as non-knowledge - including suppressed data, rumour, unverified evidence, and unofficial information - that creates pressure for the renegotiation of information orders. The argument and evidence of the article also address broader issues about how international law and global norms are realigned, how global norms change, and how social groups manage risk. | The British journal of sociology | 2,018 |
30,288,736 | Supraglottic airway devices in difficult airway management: a retrospective cohort study of 658,104 general anaesthetics registered in the Danish Anaesthesia Database. | Indications for using supraglottic airway devices have widened over time and they now hold a prominent role in guidelines for difficult airway management. We aimed to describe the use of supraglottic airway devices in difficult airway management. We included adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia registered in the Danish Anaesthesia Database from 2008 to 2012 whose airway management had been recorded as difficult, defined as: ≥ 3 tracheal intubation attempts; failed tracheal intubation; or difficult facemask ventilation. In the Danish Anaesthesia Database, a separate difficult airway management module requires the technique used in each successive airway management attempt to be recorded. The primary aim of the study was to describe the use of supraglottic airway devices in cases of difficult airway management. Secondary aims were to examine success rates of supraglottic airway devices in difficult airway management cases, and specifically in the cases of 'cannot intubate, cannot facemask ventilate'. Difficult airway management occurred in 4898 (0.74% (95%CI 0.72-0.76%)) of 658,104 records of general anaesthesia. Supraglottic airway devices were used or use was attempted in 607 cases of difficult airway management (12.4% (95%CI 11.5-13.3%)), and were successful in 395 (65.1% (95%CI 61.2-68.8%)) cases. In 'cannot intubate, cannot facemask ventilate' situations, supraglottic airway devices were used in 86 (18.9% (95%CI 15.6-22.8%)) of 455 records and were successful in 54 (62.8% (95%CI 52.2-72.3%)) cases. We found that supraglottic airway devices are not widely used in the management of the difficult airway despite their prominent role in difficult airway management guidelines. | Anaesthesia | 2,019 |
30,288,739 | Inhaled nitric oxide. | Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas that induces relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the vasculature. Because NO reacts with oxyhaemoglobin with high affinity, the gas is rapidly scavenged by oxyhaemoglobin in red blood cells and the vasodilating effects of inhaled NO are limited to ventilated regions in the lung. NO therefore has the unique ability to induce pulmonary vasodilatation specifically in the portions of the lung with adequate ventilation, thereby improving oxygenation of blood and decreasing intrapulmonary right to left shunting. Inhaled NO is used to treat a spectrum of cardiopulmonary conditions, including pulmonary hypertension in children and adults. However, the widespread use of inhaled NO is limited by logistical and financial barriers. We have designed, developed and tested a simple and economic NO generation device, which uses pulsed electrical discharges in air to produce therapeutic levels of NO that can be used for inhalation therapy. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc. | British journal of pharmacology | 2,019 |
30,288,744 | Sadder but wiser: Emotional reactions and wisdom in a simulated suicide intervention. | Scholars within the Berlin paradigm have analysed participants' responses to a hypothetical vignette about a friend's suicide ideation. However, no study has yet focused on participants' emotional reactions to this scenario, an important aspect of wisdom performance. We conducted a Thin-Slice Wisdom study where participants were asked to give advice to a hypothetical friend contemplating suicide. We analysed their emotional profiles using facial expression analysis software (FACET2.1 and FACEREADER7.1). Participants' verbal responses were also transcribed and then scored by 10 raters using the Berlin criteria. Results revealed that the sadder the participants felt, the wiser their performance. Wiser participants may have been better at exploring this sad, but true, existential human dilemma. | International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie | 2,019 |
30,288,742 | An analysis of a multiple biomarker panel to better predict prostate cancer metastasis after radical prostatectomy. | A plethora of individual candidate biomarkers for predicting biochemical relapse in localized prostate cancer (PCa) have been proposed. Combined biomarkers may improve prognostication, and ensuring validation against more clinically relevant endpoints are required. The Australian PCa Research Centre NSW has contributed to numerous studies of molecular biomarkers associated with biochemical relapse. In the current study, these biomarkers were re-analyzed for biochemical relapse, metastatic relapse and PCa death with extended follow-up. Biomarkers of significance were then used to develop a combined prognostic model for clinical outcomes and validated in a large independent cohort. The discovery cohort (n = 324) was based on 12 biomarkers with a median follow-up of 16 years. Seven biomarkers were significantly associated with biochemical relapse. Three biomarkers were associated with metastases: AZGP1, Ki67 and PML. Only AZGP1 was associated with PCa death. In their individual and combinational forms, AZGP1 and Ki67 as a dual BM signature was the most robust predictor of metastatic relapse (AUC 0.762). The AZPG1 and Ki67 signature was validated in an independent cohort of 347 PCa patients. The dual BM signature of AZGP1 and Ki67 predicted metastasis in the univariable (HR 7.2, 95% CI, 1.6-32; p = 0.01) and multivariable analysis (HR 5.4, 95% CI, 1.2-25; p = 0.03). The dual biomarker signature marginally improved risk prediction compared to AZGP1 alone (AUC 0.758 versus 0.738, p < 0.001). Our findings indicate that biochemical relapse is not an adequate surrogate for metastasis or PCa death. The dual biomarker signature of AZGP1 and Ki67 offers a small benefit in predicting metastasis over AZGP1 alone. | International journal of cancer | 2,019 |
30,288,743 | Pathogen enrichment sequencing (PenSeq) enables population genomic studies in oomycetes. | The oomycete pathogens Phytophthora infestans and P. capsici cause significant crop losses world-wide, threatening food security. In each case, pathogenicity factors, called RXLR effectors, contribute to virulence. Some RXLRs are perceived by resistance proteins to trigger host immunity, but our understanding of the demographic processes and adaptive evolution of pathogen virulence remains poor. Here, we describe PenSeq, a highly efficient enrichment sequencing approach for genes encoding pathogenicity determinants which, as shown for the infamous potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, make up < 1% of the entire genome. PenSeq facilitates the characterization of allelic diversity in pathogen effectors, enabling evolutionary and population genomic analyses of Phytophthora species. Furthermore, PenSeq enables the massively parallel identification of presence/absence variations and sequence polymorphisms in key pathogen genes, which is a prerequisite for the efficient deployment of host resistance genes. PenSeq represents a cost-effective alternative to whole-genome sequencing and addresses crucial limitations of current plant pathogen population studies, which are often based on selectively neutral markers and consequently have limited utility in the analysis of adaptive evolution. The approach can be adapted to diverse microbes and pathogens. | The New phytologist | 2,019 |
30,288,741 | The effect of force applied to the left paratracheal oesophagus on air entry into the gastric antrum during positive-pressure ventilation using a facemask. | Cricoid force is widely applied to decrease the risk of pulmonary aspiration and gastric antral insufflation of air during positive-pressure ventilation, yet its efficacy remains controversial. We compared manual oesophageal compression at the low left paratracheal and cricoid levels for the prevention of gastric antral air insufflation during positive-pressure ventilation by facemask in patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. After gaining written consent, participants were randomly allocated by sealed envelope to one of three groups: oesophageal compression by 30 N paratracheal force (paratracheal group); oesophageal compression by 30 N cricoid force (cricoid group); or no oesophageal compression (control group). Gastric insufflation of air was assessed before and after positive-pressure ventilation by ultrasound measurement of the antral cross-sectional area and/or presence of air artefacts in the antrum. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of participants with ultrasound evidence of gastric insufflation. We recruited 30 patients into each group. Before facemask ventilation, no air artefacts were visible in the antrum in any of the participants. After facemask ventilation of the participant's lungs, no air artefacts were seen in the paratracheal group, compared with six subjects in the cricoid group and eight subjects in the control group (p = 0.012). Our results suggest that oesophageal compression can be achieved by the application of manual force at the low left paratracheal level and that this is more effective than cricoid force in preventing air entry into the gastric antrum during positive-pressure ventilation by facemask. | Anaesthesia | 2,019 |
30,288,746 | Evolution and expression of core SWI/SNF genes in red algae. | Red algae are the oldest identifiable multicellular eukaryotes, with a fossil record dating back more than a billion years. During that time two major rhodophyte lineages, bangiophytes and florideophytes, have evolved varied levels of morphological complexity. These two groups are distinguished, in part, by different patterns of multicellular development, with florideophytes exhibiting a far greater diversity of morphologies. Interestingly, during their long evolutionary history, there is no record of a rhodophyte achieving the kinds of cellular and tissue-specific differentiation present in other multicellular algal lineages. To date, the genetic underpinnings of unique aspects of red algal development are largely unexplored; however, they must reflect the complements and patterns of expression of key regulatory genes. Here we report comparative evolutionary and gene expression analyses of core subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, which is implicated in cell differentiation and developmental regulation in more well studied multicellular groups. Our results suggest that a single, canonical SWI/SNF complex was present in the rhodophyte ancestor, with gene duplications and evolutionary diversification of SWI/SNF subunits accompanying the evolution of multicellularity in the common ancestor of bangiophytes and florideophytes. Differences in how SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling evolved subsequently, in particular gene losses and more rapid divergence of SWI3 and SNF5 in bangiophytes, could help to explain why they exhibit a more limited range of morphological complexity than their florideophyte cousins. | Journal of phycology | 2,018 |
30,288,745 | Comparative characterization of putative chitin deacetylases from Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana highlights the potential for distinct chitin-based metabolic processes in diatoms. | Chitin is generally considered to be present in centric diatoms but not in pennate species. Many aspects of chitin biosynthetic pathways have not been explored in diatoms. We retrieved chitin metabolic genes from pennate (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and centric (Thalassiosira pseudonana) diatom genomes. Chitin deacetylase (CDA) genes from each genome (PtCDA and TpCDA) were overexpressed in P. tricornutum. We performed comparative analysis of their sequence structure, phylogeny, transcriptional profiles, localization and enzymatic activities. The chitin relevant proteins show complex subcellular compartmentation. PtCDA was likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotes, whereas TpCDA has closer relationships with sequences in Opisthokonta. Using transgenic P. tricornutum lines expressing CDA-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins, PtCDA predominantly localizes to Golgi apparatus whereas TpCDA localizes to endoplasmic reticulum/chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum membrane. CDA-GFP overexpression upregulated the transcription of chitin synthases and potentially enhanced the ability of chitin synthesis. Although both CDAs are active on GlcNAc | The New phytologist | 2,019 |
30,288,747 | Transcriptomic analysis reveals the possible roles of sugar metabolism and export for positive mycorrhizal growth responses in soybean. | To elucidate molecular mechanisms controlling differential growth responses to root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi varying in colonization and cooperative behavior, a pot experiment was carried out using two soybean genotypes and three AM inocula. The results showed that inoculation by cooperative Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) or less cooperative Glomus aggregatum with high AM colonization (Ga-H) significantly promoted plant growth compared with inoculation by G. aggregatum with low AM colonization (Ga-L). A comparative RNA sequencing analysis of the root transcriptomes showed that fatty acid synthesis pathway was significantly enriched in all three AM inoculation roots. However, sugar metabolism and transport were significantly enriched only in Ri and Ga-H inoculation, which was consistent with positive growth responses in these two inoculation treatments. Accordingly, the expression levels of the key genes related to sugar metabolism and transport were also upregulated in Ri and Ga-H roots compared with Ga-L roots. Of them, two sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) transporter genes, GmSWEET6 (Glyma.04G198600) and GmSWEET15 (Glyma.06G166800), and one invertase (Glyma.17G227900) gene were exclusively induced only in Ri and Ga-H roots. Promoter analyses in transgenic soybean roots further demonstrated that GUS driven by the GmSWEET6 promoter was highly expressed in arbuscule-containing cortical cells. Additionally, Ri and Ga-H inoculation increased the contents of sucrose, glucose and fructose in both shoots and roots compared with those of Ga-L and non-mycorrhizal. These results imply that positive mycorrhizal growth responses in plants might mostly be due to the stimulation of photosynthate metabolism and transport by AM fungal inoculum with high colonization capabilities. | Physiologia plantarum | 2,019 |
30,288,748 | Avoiding damage to transvenous leads-A comparison of electrocautery techniques and two insulated electrocautery blades. | Electrocautery (cautery) can damage transvenous cardiac device leads. The purpose of this study was to compare lead damage from an insulated cautery blade when used with several different techniques that included coagulation (COAG) versus cutting (CUT) mode, perpendicular active edge (active) versus parallel flat blade (flat) orientation (phase 1), and using one commercially available blade (PhotonBlade) versus another (PlasmaBlade) (phase 2). | Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE | 2,018 |
30,288,749 | Aging, the menopausal transition, and hormone replenishment therapy: retrieval of confidence and compliance. | The negative health consequences of age and the postmenopausal hypoestrogenic state and their clinical management are described in this paper. While some dysfunctional elements are irreversibly entrained, others can be modified by an updated menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) strategy reflecting revision and reassessment of the initial Women's Health Initiative (WHI) reports. However, until that positive outcome is realized, menopausal women and their healthcare providers must re-establish willingness to utilize these effective strategies. This reluctance is fueled by persistent mistaken application of WHI results that reflect the bundled risk and benefits of MHT in asymptomatic women aged 50-79 (average age 63), as opposed to women in their 40s and 50s who initiate therapy because of vasomotor symptoms. The absolute risk of adverse outcomes is much lower and the benefits dramatically higher in these younger women. In addition, newer FDA-approved formulations, lower dosage regimens, and transdermal delivery methodologies offer wider choice of approaches and promise even greater safety. The positive and negative lessons of the WHI have been learned and can be applied effectively. | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | 2,019 |
30,288,750 | Albugo candida race diversity, ploidy and host-associated microbes revealed using DNA sequence capture on diseased plants in the field. | Physiological races of the oomycete Albugo candida are biotrophic pathogens of diverse plant species, primarily the Brassicaceae, and cause infections that suppress host immunity to other pathogens. However, A. candida race diversity and the consequences of host immunosuppression are poorly understood in the field. We report a method that enables sequencing of DNA of plant pathogens and plant-associated microbes directly from field samples (Pathogen Enrichment Sequencing: PenSeq). We apply this method to explore race diversity in A. candida and to detect A. candida-associated microbes in the field (91 A. candida-infected plants). We show with unprecedented resolution that each host plant species supports colonization by one of 17 distinct phylogenetic lineages, each with an unique repertoire of effector candidate alleles. These data reveal the crucial role of sexual and asexual reproduction, polyploidy and host domestication in A. candida specialization on distinct plant species. Our bait design also enabled phylogenetic assignment of DNA sequences from bacteria and fungi from plants in the field. This paper shows that targeted sequencing has a great potential for the study of pathogen populations while they are colonizing their hosts. This method could be applied to other microbes, especially to those that cannot be cultured. | The New phytologist | 2,019 |
30,288,752 | Micra implantation in a patient with transposition of great arteries. | We describe a 56-year-old male with transposition of the great arteries and Mustard repair, superior vena cava obstruction, atrial fibrillation, and progressive deterioration of his epicardial lead performance. We were successful in deploying of Micra (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) at the septo-apical area of his nonsystemic ventricle in a stable position with satisfactory pacing and sensing thresholds. | Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE | 2,019 |
30,288,751 | FoxO1 is a critical regulator of M2-like macrophage activation in allergic asthma. | The pathogenesis of asthma and airway obstruction is the result of an abnormal response to different environmental exposures. The scientific premise of our study was based on the finding that FoxO1 expression is increased in lung macrophages of mice after allergen exposure and human asthmatic patients. Macrophages are capable of switching from one functional phenotype to another, and it is important to understand the mechanisms involved in the transformation of macrophages and how their cellular function affects the peribronchial stromal microenvironment. | Allergy | 2,019 |
30,288,753 | Biatrial volume, estimated using magnetic resonance imaging, predicts atrial fibrillation recurrence after ablation. | The predictive value of left atrial volume (LAV) in atrial fibrillation (AF) is known, but the relationship of right atrial volume (RAV) and biatrial volume (BAV) with AF recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is not clear. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging allows us to more precisely quantify atrial volume. We investigated LAV, RAV, and BAV as predictors of AF recurrence following PVI in AF patients. | Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE | 2,018 |
30,288,754 | The regulatory module MdPUB29-MdbHLH3 connects ethylene biosynthesis with fruit quality in apple. | The plant hormone ethylene is critical for climacteric fruit ripening, while glucose and anthocyanins determine the fruit quality of climacteric fruits such as apple. Understanding the exact molecular mechanism for this process is important for elucidating the interconnection of ethylene and fruit quality. Overexpression of apple MdbHLH3 gene, an anthocyanin-related basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH TF) gene, promotes ethylene production, and transgenic apple plantlets and trees exhibit ethylene-related root developmental abnormalities, premature leaf senescence, and fruit ripening. Biochemical analyses demonstrate that MdbHLH3 binds to the promoters of three genes that are involved in ethylene biosynthesis, including MdACO1, MdACS1, and MdACS5A, activating their transcriptional expression, thereby promoting ethylene biosynthesis. High glucose-inhibited U-box-type E3 ubiquitin ligase MdPUB29, the ortholog of Arabidopsis AtPUB29 in apple, influences the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes and ethylene production by direct ubiquitination of the MdbHLH3 protein. Our findings provide new insights into the ubiquitination of MdbHLH3 by glucose-inhibited ubiquitin E3 ligase MdPUB29 in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis as well as indicate that the regulatory module MdPUB29-MdbHLH3 connects ethylene biosynthesis with fruit quality in apple. | The New phytologist | 2,019 |
30,288,755 | Breakthrough percepts of famous faces. | Recently, we showed that presenting salient names (i.e., a participant's first name) on the fringe of awareness (in rapid serial visual presentation, RSVP) breaks through into awareness, resulting in the generation of a P3, which (if concealed information is presented) could be used to differentiate between deceivers and nondeceivers. The aim of the present study was to explore whether face stimuli can be used in an ERP-based RSVP paradigm to infer recognition of broadly familiar faces. To do this, we explored whether famous faces differentially break into awareness when presented in RSVP and, importantly, whether ERPs can be used to detect these breakthrough events on an individual basis. Our findings provide evidence that famous faces are differentially perceived and processed by participants' brains as compared to novel (or unfamiliar) faces. EEG data revealed large differences in brain responses between these conditions. | Psychophysiology | 2,019 |
30,288,756 | Sonographic diagnosis of coexisting ectopic thyroid and fourth branchial cleft cyst. | Ectopic thyroid and fourth branchial cleft anomaly are rare congenital anomalies of the neck. This is a case report of the coexistence of these two rare congenital anomalies in a 1-year-old girl. She had ectopic lingual thyroid and asymptomatic abscess in the fourth branchial cleft cyst, which was found in ultrasonography carried out to evaluate congenital hypothyroidism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ectopic thyroid coexisting with fourth branchial cleft anomaly in the same patient. | Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU | 2,018 |
30,288,760 | ZmMADS69 functions as a flowering activator through the ZmRap2.7-ZCN8 regulatory module and contributes to maize flowering time adaptation. | Flowering time is a major determinant of the local adaptation of plants. Although numerous loci affecting flowering time have been mapped in maize, their underlying molecular mechanisms and roles in adaptation remain largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and characterization of MADS-box transcription factor ZmMADS69 that functions as a flowering activator through the ZmRap2.7-ZCN8 regulatory module and contributes to adaptation. We show that ZmMADS69 underlies a quantitative trait locus controlling the difference in flowering time between maize and its wild ancestor, teosinte. Maize ZmMADS69 allele is expressed at a higher level at floral transition and confers earlier flowering than the teosinte allele under long days and short days. Overexpression of ZmMADS69 causes early flowering, while a transposon insertion mutant of ZmMADS69 exhibits delayed flowering. ZmMADS69 shows pleiotropic effects for multiple traits of agronomic importance. ZmMADS69 functions upstream of the flowering repressor ZmRap2.7 to downregulate its expression, thereby relieving the repression of the florigen gene ZCN8 and causing early flowering. Population genetic analyses showed that ZmMADS69 was a target of selection and may have played an important role as maize spread from the tropics to temperate zones. Our findings provide important insights into the regulation and adaptation of flowering time. | The New phytologist | 2,019 |
30,288,761 | Zero-Balance Ultrafiltration of Priming Blood Attenuates Procalcitonin and Improves the Respiratory Function in Infants After Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial. | Blood priming is needed for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in neonates and infants to avoid exceeding hemodilution; however, transfusion-related inflammation affects post-CPB outcomes in infant open-heart surgery. Procalcitonin, a newly detected inflammatory moderator and a sensitive parameter for predicting pulmonary dysfunction secondary to CPB, rises after CPB. We hypothesized that the hemofiltration of priming blood before CPB might decrease inflammatory mediators in the blood and post-CPB inflammatory replications, thereby improving the respiratory function after CPB in infants. Sixty infants with a weight below 10 kg were divided randomly into two equal groups of CPB with the zero-balance ultrafiltration (Z-BUF) of priming blood and CPB without it. The procalcitonin level was measured before anesthesia, after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 24 h afterward. The respiratory index and pulmonary compliance were measured after anesthesia, at the end of CPB, and 2 h after admission to the ICU. Additionally, time to extubation was recorded. The Z-BUF of priming blood maintained electrolytes within a physiologic level, and procalcitonin had a slighter rise in the Z-BUF Group at 24 h after admission to the ICU (P = 0.05). The respiratory index was decreased in the Z-BUF Group, but the difference with the control group did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). The change in pulmonary compliance was significantly increased in the cyanotic patients in the intervention group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The time to extubation and the ICU stay were shorter in the Z-BUF Group (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the peak procalcitonin concentration and the time to extubation directly and pulmonary compliance reversely. These results suggest that the Z-BUF of priming blood may have some beneficial clinical effects such as improved respiratory function and attenuated procalcitonin. | Artificial organs | 2,019 |
30,288,759 | Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance. | Hypoalbuminemia is associated with inflammation. Despite being addressed repeatedly in the literature, there is still confusion regarding its pathogenesis and clinical significance. Inflammation increases capillary permeability and escape of serum albumin, leading to expansion of interstitial space and increasing the distribution volume of albumin. The half-life of albumin has been shown to shorten, decreasing total albumin mass. These 2 factors lead to hypoalbuminemia despite increased fractional synthesis rates in plasma. Hypoalbuminemia, therefore, results from and reflects the inflammatory state, which interferes with adequate responses to events like surgery or chemotherapy, and is associated with poor quality of life and reduced longevity. Increasing or decreasing serum albumin levels are adequate indicators, respectively, of improvement or deterioration of the clinical state. In the interstitium, albumin acts as the main extracellular scavenger, antioxidative agent, and as supplier of amino acids for cell and matrix synthesis. Albumin infusion has not been shown to diminish fluid requirements, infection rates, and mortality in the intensive care unit, which may imply that there is no body deficit or that the quality of albumin "from the shelf" is unsuitable to play scavenging and antioxidative roles. Management of hypoalbuminaemia should be based on correcting the causes of ongoing inflammation rather than infusion of albumin. After the age of 30 years, muscle mass and function slowly decrease, but this loss is accelerated by comorbidity and associated with decreasing serum albumin levels. Nutrition support cannot fully prevent, but slows down, this chain of events, especially when combined with physical exercise. | JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition | 2,019 |
30,288,762 | Recovery of missing data in partial geometry PET scanners: Compensation in projection space vs image space. | Robust and reliable reconstruction of images from noisy and incomplete projection data holds significant potential for proliferation of cost-effective medical imaging technologies. Since conventional reconstruction techniques can generate severe artifacts in the recovered images, a notable line of research constitutes development of appropriate algorithms to compensate for missing data and to reduce noise. In the present work, we investigate the effectiveness of state-of-the-art methodologies developed for image inpainting and noise reduction to preserve the quality of reconstructed images from undersampled PET data. We aimed to assess and ascertain whether missing data recovery is best performed in the projection space prior to reconstruction or adjoined with the reconstruction step in image space. | Medical physics | 2,018 |
30,288,765 | Power calculation of adjusted McNemar's test based on clustered data of varying cluster size. | McNemars test is often used to compare two proportions estimated from paired observations. When the observations are sampled in clusters, adjustment is needed to ensure that the size of McNemars test does not exceed the nominal level. Eliasziw and Donner (1991) developed an adjustment to McNemars test that involves first estimating the correlation between discordant pairs within a cluster, then using the estimate of the correlation to adjust the usual McNemar's test statistic. Gönen (2004) derived two approximations for calculating the power and sample size for the adjusted McNemar's test. He reported that the accuracy of the two approximations is compromised for large value of intracluster correlation and small value of proportion of discordant pairs; the error of the approximation can be higher than 10 per cent. In this paper, we extend his power formula, developed under fixed cluster size assumption, to accommodate the case where the cluster sizes are not constant. We show via simulations that the theoretical powers calculated from our proposed power formula are close to their empirical counterparts under a variety of settings. More significantly, in the case of fixed cluster size, our reduced power formula provides a more accurate power approximation than Gönen's power formula regardless of the values of intracluster correlation and the proportion of discordant pairs. | Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift | 2,018 |
30,288,766 | The case against categorical risk estimates. | Risk estimates can be communicated in a variety of forms, including numeric and categorical formats. An example of the latter is "low/medium/high risk." The categorical format is preferred by judges and practitioners alike, and is mandated by the most commonly utilized forensic risk assessment instruments (the HCR-20 and the Static-99). This article argues against the practice of communicating risk in categorical terms on empirical and normative grounds. Empirically, there is no consensus about what level of risk corresponds to a particular category, such as "high risk." Moreover, recent studies indicate that categorizing an otherwise continuous risk estimate does not add incremental predictive validity to the risk estimate. Normatively, categorization obscures what is fundamentally a value judgment about the relative costs and benefits of correct (e.g., true positive) and incorrect (e.g., false positive) outcomes. Such a judgment is inherently non-scientific and invades the province of the jury. Indeed, categorical risk estimates are in principle no different than "dangerousness predictions," which are simply binary and which have been denounced by the field. The fact that alternative risk communication formats have limitations does not justify continuing the pervasive practice of communicating categorical risk estimates. | Behavioral sciences & the law | 2,018 |
30,288,769 | Fungal bio-sorption potential of chromium in Norkrans liquid medium by shake flask technique. | In this study, the myco-reduction potential of fungi isolated from soil was ascertained by Norkrans shake flask experiment contaminated with chromium(VI). Fungal tolerance assay and induced tolerance training of the fungi were also carried out. Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, and Saccharomyces strains were isolated from the soil samples using culture based technique. Norkrans samples were collected and analyzed for Cr(VI) concentration using diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometric method. Penicillium strain was observed to be most effect at Cr(VI) concentrations of 16.1 and 8.1 mg L | Journal of basic microbiology | 2,019 |
30,288,770 | Upgrading of by-product from beverage industry through solid-state fermentation with Candida utilis and Bacillus subtilis. | Yellow wine lees (YWL) are the main co-products in yellow wine industry with unbalanced amino acid (AA) profiles. Solid-state fermentation was employed in this study to upgrade the YWL for ruminant animals. A 3 × 3 orthogonal design was conducted to optimize the fermentation condition for optimal crude protein (CP) yield as follows: ratio of water to total solid medium at 50 : 100 (v/w), temperature of 30°C, and ratio of Candida utilis to Bacillus subtilis at 2 : 1. The contents of CP, peptides and AA of fermented products were 14·5, 40·9 and 26·1% higher than those of the unfermented respectively. In particular, the essential AA were highly improved, especially for lysine and methionine. The fermentation increased the in vitro microbial protein synthesis with higher CP digestibility and dramatically enhanced the ability of scavenging free radicals of the YWL. It is concluded that the microbial pretreatment can greatly improve the nutritional value of YWL, making these materials more suitable as feeds for animals, including ruminants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Yellow wine lees (YWL) are the main co-products in yellow wine industry with unbalanced amino acid (AA) profiles and are not well utilized. A strain combination of Candida utilis and Bacillus subtilis was employed to upgrade YWL. Contents of crude protein and peptides of YWL were greatly increased by microbial fermentation. Essential AAs of YWL were highly improved after the solid-state fermentation and no negative impact was observed in in vitro digestibility. Fermented YWL may be a good feed source for ruminants. | Letters in applied microbiology | 2,018 |
30,288,772 | Novel and recurrent mutations in keratin 1 cause epidermolytic ichthyosis and palmoplantar keratoderma. | Mutations in keratin genes underlie a variety of epidermal and nonepidermal cell-fragility disorders, and are the genetic basis of many inherited palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs). Epidermolytic PPK (EPPK) is an autosomal dominant disorder that can be due to mutations in the keratin 1 gene, KRT1. Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI), the major keratinopathic ichthyosis, is characterized by congenital erythroderma, blistering and erosions of the skin. Causative mutations in KRT1 and KRT10 have been described, with PPK being present primarily in association with the former. We report four unrelated cases (one with sporadic EI and three with autosomal dominant PPK), due to two novel and two recurrent KRT1 mutations. Mutations in KRT1 are not only scattered throughout the keratin 1 protein, as opposed to being clustered, but can result in a range of phenotypes as further confirmed by these mutations, giving a complex genotype/phenotype pattern. | Clinical and experimental dermatology | 2,019 |
30,288,771 | Review article: novel antivirals for hepatitis C-sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. | In 2017, the hepatitis C treatment regimens sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX) and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Although both SOF/VEL/VOX (NS5B polymerase inhibitor/NS5A inhibitor/NS3/4A protease inhibitor) and G/P (NS3/4A protease inhibitor/NS5A inhibitor) are pangenotypic regimens, they are indicated for distinct subsets of patients with hepatitis C. | Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics | 2,018 |
30,288,775 | Effects of consecutive monoculture of sweet potato on soil bacterial community as determined by pyrosequencing. | Soil bacteria play key roles in determining soil health and plant growth. In this study, four sweet potato fields that had been consecutively monocultured for 1, 2, 3, and 4 years were used to investigate the effect of monoculture on soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial communities. The results revealed that continuous cropping led to a significant decline in soil pH, soil organic carbon, and soil bacterial abundance. Miseq pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes revealed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the main phyla in the sweet potato monoculture soils, comprising up to 66.24% of the total sequences. The relative abundances of beneficial bacteria, including Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Xanthomonadaceae, Rhodospirillaceae, and Syntrophobacteraceae, as well as their subgroups at the genus and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels, decreased considerably as the number of continuous cropping years increased. In contrast, the number of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Acidobacteria, Sphingomonadaceae, and Pedobacter accumulated with increasing years. The results also showed the alterations to the bacterial community in the sweet potato monoculture soils were mainly driven by soil pH and soil organic matter. Overall, the decline in soil quality after successive sweet potato monoculture can be attributed to the imbalance in soil properties and soil microbes, including the decrease in soil pH and soil organic carbon, and the enrichment of pathogenic bacteria at the expense of plant-beneficial bacteria. | Journal of basic microbiology | 2,019 |
30,288,776 | Handgrip Strength, but Not 5-Meter Walk, Adds Value to a Clinical Nutrition Assessment. | Decreased physical functioning is associated with malnutrition and common in acute care patients; determining loss of function is often considered part of a comprehensive nutrition assessment. Handgrip strength (HGS) and 5-meter timed walk (5m) are functional measures used in a variety of settings. This analysis sought to determine which functional measure could be added to a hospital nutrition assessment, based on its feasibility and capacity to discriminate patient subgroups. | Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition | 2,019 |
30,288,779 | History and future challenges of the subthalamic nucleus as surgical target: Review article. | For many years the subthalamic nucleus had a poor reputation among neurosurgeons as a result of the acute movement disorders that develop after its lesion or manipulation through different surgical procedures. However, this nucleus is now considered a key structure in relation to parkinsonism, and it is currently one of the preferred therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease. The implication of the subthalamic nucleus in the pathophysiology of chorea and in the parkinsonian state is thought to be related to its role in modulating the basal ganglia, a fundamental circuit in movement control. Indeed, recent findings have renewed interest in this anatomical structure. Accordingly, this review aims to present a history of the subthalamic nucleus, evolving from the classic surgical concepts associated with the avoidance of this structure, to our current understanding of its importance based on findings from more recent models. Future developments regarding the relationship of the subthalamic nucleus to neuroprotection are also discussed in this review. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society | 2,018 |
30,288,786 | Oxidative stress in hemodialysis: Causative mechanisms, clinical implications, and possible therapeutic interventions. | Oxidative stress (OS) is the result of prooxidant molecules overwhelming the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Hemodialysis (HD) constitutes a state of elevated inflammation and OS, due to loss of antioxidants during dialysis and activation of white blood cells triggering production of reactive oxygen species. Dialysis vintage, dialysis methods, and type and condition of vascular access, biocompatibility of dialyzer membrane and dialysate, iron administration, and anemia all can play a role in aggravating OS, which in turn has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Oral or intravenous administration of antioxidants may detoxify the oxidative molecules and at least in part repair OS-mediated tissue damage. Lifestyle interventions and optimization of a highly biocompatible HD procedure might ameliorate OS development in dialysis. | Seminars in dialysis | 2,019 |
30,288,790 | CAR-T cell therapy in melanoma: A future success story? | Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are one of the impressive recent success stories of anti-cancer immunotherapy. Especially in haematological malignancies, this treatment strategy has shown promising results leading to the recent approval of two CAR-T cell constructs targeting CD19 in the United States and the European Union. After the huge success in haematological cancers, the next step will be the evaluation of its efficacy in different solid tumors, which is currently investigated in preclinical as well as clinical settings. A commonly examined tumor model in the context of immunotherapy is melanoma, since it is known for its immunogenic features. However, the first results of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors did not reveal the same impressive outcomes that were observed in haematological malignancies, as engineered cells need to cope with several challenges. Obstacles include the lack of migration of CAR-T cells from blood vessels to the tumor site as well as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment within solid tumors. Another hurdle is posed by the identification of an ideal target antigen to avoid on-target/off-tumor toxicities. Regarding immune escape mechanisms, which can be developed by tumor cells to bypass immune recognition, the observation of antigen loss should also be considered. This article gives an overview of the challenges displayed in CAR-T cell therapy for the use in solid tumors and discusses different new strategies and approaches that deal with these problems in order to improve CAR-T cell therapy, particularly for its use in melanoma. | Experimental dermatology | 2,018 |
30,288,791 | Network analysis of symptoms in a Parkinson patient using experience sampling data: An n = 1 study. | Around 50% of Parkinson's disease patients experience motor fluctuations after long-term treatment with levodopa. These fluctuations may be accompanied by mood fluctuations. Routine cross-sectional assessments cannot capture the extent of these motor and mood fluctuations and their possible associations. Experience sampling techniques that use frequently repeated measurements of symptoms over time are able to capture such fluctuations. Based on such data, longitudinal associations between symptoms can be studied using network analysis. | Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society | 2,018 |
30,288,793 | Formation and emission of hydrogen chloride in indoor air. | To improve our understanding of chlorine chemistry indoors, reactive chlorine species such as hydrogen chloride (HCl) must be analyzed using fast time-response measurement techniques. Although well studied outdoors, sources of HCl indoors are unknown. In this study, mixing ratios of gaseous HCl were measured at 0.5 Hz in the indoor environment using a cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) instrument. The CRDS measurement rate provides a major advance in observational capability compared to other established techniques. Measurements of HCl were performed during three types of household activities: (a) floor exposure to bleach, (b) chlorinated and nonchlorinated detergent use in household dishwashers, and (c) cooking events. Surface application of bleach resulted in a reproducible increase of 0.1 ppbv in the affected room. Emissions of HCl from automated dishwashers were observed only when chlorinated detergents were used, with additional HCl emitted during the drying cycle. Increased mixing ratios of HCl were also observed during meal preparation on an electric element stovetop. These observations of HCl derived from household activities indicate either direct emission or secondary production of HCl via chlorine atoms is possible. Calculations of photolysis rate constants of chlorine atom precursors provide evidence that photolysis may contribute to indoor HCl levels. | Indoor air | 2,019 |
30,288,797 | Developing Telemental Health Partnerships Between State Medical Schools and Federally Qualified Health Centers: Navigating the Regulatory Landscape and Policy Recommendations. | Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) deliver care to 26 million Americans living in underserved areas, but few offer telemental health (TMH) services. The social missions of FQHCs and publicly funded state medical schools create a compelling argument for the development of TMH partnerships. In this paper, we share our experience and recommendations from launching TMH partnerships between 12 rural FQHCs and 3 state medical schools. | The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association | 2,019 |
30,288,800 | A Porous Cobalt Tetraphosphonate Metal-Organic Framework: Accurate Structure and Guest Molecule Location Determined by Continuous-Rotation Electron Diffraction. | Single-crystal electron diffraction has shown to be powerful for structure determination of nano- and submicron-sized crystals that are too small to be studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. However, it has been very challenging to obtain high quality electron diffraction data from beam sensitive crystals such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). It is even more difficult to locate guest species in the pores of MOF crystals. Here, we present synthesis of a novel porous cobalt MOF with 1D channels, [Co | Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) | 2,018 |
30,288,801 | Imide-Functionalized Polymer Semiconductors. | Imide-functionalized π-conjugated polymer semiconductors have received a great deal of interest owing to their unique physicochemical properties and optoelectronic characteristics, including excellent solubility, highly planar backbones, widely tunable band gaps and energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals, and good film morphology. The organic electronics community has witnessed rapid expansion of the materials library and remarkable improvement in device performance recently. This review summarizes the development of imide-functionalized polymer semiconductors as well as their device performance in organic thin-film transistors and polymer solar cells, mainly achieved in the past three years. The materials mainly cover naphthalene diimide, perylene diimide, and bithiophene imide, and other imide-based polymer semiconductors are also discussed. The perspective offers our insights for developing new imide-functionalized building blocks and polymer semiconductors with optimized optoelectronic properties. We hope that this review will generate more research interest in the community to realize further improved device performance by developing new imide-functionalized polymer semiconductors. | Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) | 2,019 |
30,288,809 | Effects of health-related quality of life on health service utilisation in patients with colorectal neoplasms. | This study was to assess the impact of HRQOL on health service utilisation using four different count data models. The HRQOL was measured using the Short-Form Six-Dimension instrument and the functional assessment of cancer therapy-colorectal whereas health service utilisation was measured by the number of monthly clinical consultations and the number of monthly hospitalisation. Different count data models (Poisson's regression, negative binomial regression, zero-inflated Poisson's regression and zero-inflated negative binomial regression) were used to assess the association between HRQOL and health service utilisation. A performance comparison was made between the models. Goodness-of-fit statistics (the Pearson's chi-squared test statistic, the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria) were used to determine the best-fitting model. The negative binomial model performed the best in assessing the association between HRQOL measures and health service utilisation in patients with colorectal neoplasm and thus recommended. Physical well-being of patients was negatively and significantly associated with the monthly rate of health service utilisation after controlling for patient demographics. Both physical and function well-beings of patients were negatively and significantly associated with the number of monthly hospitalisations. If the data for the condition-specific FACT-C are not available, SF-6D showed a very strong negative relationship with health service utilisation. Such models can be used to guide the allocation of clinical resources and funding for the care of colorectal cancer patients. | European journal of cancer care | 2,018 |
30,288,810 | Updates on the surface antigens of basophils: CD16 on basophils of patients with respiratory or insect venom allergy and the rejection of CD203c and CD63 externalization decoupling by bisindolylmaleimides. | CD16 was previously suggested to be a new marker of basophils that is subject to downregulation by FcεRI crosslinking. Certain compounds, including supraoptimal concentrations of the PKC inhibitors, bisindolylmaleimides, decouple the release of granules containing CD203c, CD63 and histamine, and may thus help to identify the mechanisms related to the CD16 externalization. | Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology | 2,019 |
30,288,813 | The relationship between cannabis use and diabetes: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. | The relationship between cannabis use and diabetes is puzzling. Although cannabis users versus non-users should theoretically have a higher likelihood of diabetes, epidemiological studies suggest otherwise. However, previous epidemiological studies have not considered the potential confounding effects of mental health disorders. As such, the relationship between cannabis use and diabetes was examined while accounting for a range of potential confounders, including mental health disorders. | Drug and alcohol review | 2,018 |
30,288,812 | Position Statement: Linear prurigo is a subtype of chronic prurigo. | Chronic prurigo (CPG) is a distinct disease characterized by chronic pruritus, history and/or signs of prolonged scratching and multiple pruriginous lesions. It may present with various clinical manifestations, including papules, nodules, plaques or umbilicated lesions. Some patients with chronic pruritus show pruriginous linear and scaring scratch lesions (LSSL) and it is unclear whether these lesions belong to the spectrum of CPG. | Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV | 2,019 |
30,288,816 | Lon recognition of the replication initiator DnaA requires a bipartite degron. | DnaA initiates chromosome replication in bacteria. In Caulobacter crescentus, the Lon protease degrades DnaA to coordinate replication with nutrient availability and to halt the cell cycle during acute stress. Here, we characterize the mechanism of DnaA recognition by Lon. We find that the folded state of DnaA appears crucial for its degradation, in contrast to the well-known role of Lon in degrading misfolded proteins. We fail to identify a single degradation motif (degron) sufficient for DnaA degradation, rather we show that both the ATPase domain and a species-specific N-terminal motif are important for productive Lon degradation of full-length DnaA. Mutations in either of these determinants disrupt DnaA degradation in vitro and in vivo. However, analysis of truncation products reveals that appending other extensions to the ATPase domain is sufficient to trigger degradation, suggesting plasticity in Lon recognition. Our final working model is that Lon engages DnaA through at least two elements, one of which anchors DnaA to Lon and the other acting as an initiation site for degradation. | Molecular microbiology | 2,019 |
30,288,818 | The proof is in the bulb: glycerol influences key stages of lily development. | A bulb is a whole plant condensed into an underground organ. A geophyte's bulb comprises both food reserves and important developmental history that may affect its whole growth. In Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum), bulb size is associated with the plant's flowering pathway - vernalization or photoperiod - and also affects sprouting, flower quality and abortion rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for the major physiological differences between large and small bulbs. Lily bulbs start their development from secondary meristems along the stem, with large bulbs being heavier and bear more scales than small ones. Peeling the outer scales of a large bulb converts its physiological responses into those of a small bulb, implying that the physiological discrepancies in plants developing from large or small bulbs are mediated by factors inherent to the bulb. We therefore performed broad analyses of the metabolite composition in the scales of bulbs subjected to temperature regimes affecting further plant development. We found a striking association between the level of glycerol, a primary metabolite mostly synthesized in the outer scales, and a delay in sprouting and flowering time, and reduction in abortion rate. Exogenous glycerol application to the bulbs before planting corroborated these results. Moreover, transcriptome analyses showed that flowering-promoting gene expression was downregulated in the bulb after glycerol treatment, while potential flowering inhibitor as well as a dormancy-related gene expressions were upregulated. Based on these studies, we postulate that glycerol is a major factor influencing both vegetative and reproductive development in lily. | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology | 2,019 |
30,288,819 | PacBio full-length cDNA sequencing integrated with RNA-seq reads drastically improves the discovery of splicing transcripts in rice. | In eukaryotes, alternative splicing (AS) greatly expands the diversity of transcripts. However, it is challenging to accurately determine full-length splicing isoforms. Recently, more studies have taken advantage of Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) long-read sequencing to identify full-length transcripts. Nevertheless, the high error rate of PacBio reads seriously offsets the advantages of long reads, especially for accurately identifying splicing junctions. To best capitalize on the features of long reads, we used Illumina RNA-seq reads to improve PacBio circular consensus sequence (CCS) quality and to validate splicing patterns in the rice transcriptome. We evaluated the impact of CCS accuracy on the number and the validation rate of splicing isoforms, and integrated a comprehensive pipeline of splicing transcripts analysis by Iso-Seq and RNA-seq (STAIR) to identify the full-length multi-exon isoforms in rice seedling transcriptome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica). STAIR discovered 11 733 full-length multi-exon isoforms, 6599 more than the SMRT Portal RS_IsoSeq pipeline did. Of these splicing isoforms identified, 4453 (37.9%) were missed in assembled transcripts from RNA-seq reads, and 5204 (44.4%), including 268 multi-exon long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), were not reported in the MSU_osa1r7 annotation. Some randomly selected unreported splicing junctions were verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. In addition, we investigated alternative polyadenylation (APA) events in transcripts and identified 829 major polyadenylation [poly(A)] site clusters (PACs). The analysis of splicing isoforms and APA events will facilitate the annotation of the rice genome and studies on the expression and polyadenylation of AS genes in different developmental stages or growth conditions of rice. | The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology | 2,019 |
30,288,830 | Targeted ablation of specific electrogram patterns in low-voltage areas after pulmonary vein antral isolation in persistent atrial fibrillation: Termination to an organized rhythm reduces atrial fibrillation recurrence. | Ablation strategies have been developed to improve outcomes in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF). However, the impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) termination on late AF recurrence is not well known. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of AF termination to atrial tachycardia (AT) or sinus rhythm (SR) during catheter ablation on late AF recurrence after the 3-month blanking period. | Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology | 2,019 |
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