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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- agricolture
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- computer-vision
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pretty_name: sen12vts
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---
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# SEN12VTS: Sentinel 1 and 2 Vegetation Time-Series Dataset
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## Overview
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The **SEN12VTS** (Sentinel-1 & Sentinel-2 Vegetation Time-Series) dataset has been created to support research on time-series analysis for vegetation indices, specifically targeting **NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)** regression tasks. Recognizing the lack of datasets catering to this specific temporal and spatial need, SEN12VTS was developed to fill the gap with a high-quality, Europe-focused time-series dataset.
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## Motivation
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This dataset is part of the **GUARDIANS project**, aiming to build models for vegetation monitoring across Europe. The focus is on:
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- **Highly vegetated areas**.
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- Sampling over time to enable the reconstruction of coherent time-series for selected zones.
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## Dataset Description
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### Spatial and Temporal Extent
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- **Region:** Europe (approx. bounded by EPSG:4326 `(-10.5, 34.5, 31.6, 71.5)`).
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- **Temporal Coverage:** 2022–2023.
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- **Spatial Resolution:** 10 meters.
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### Data Sources
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1. **ESA WorldCover 2021**: Used to identify highly vegetated areas.
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2. **Sentinel-1 RTC**: Radiometrically Terrain Corrected radar imagery for ascending and descending orbits, VV and VH polarization.
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3. **Sentinel-2 L2A**: Atmospherically corrected optical imagery with 12 spectral bands and Scene Classification (SCL).
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### Sampling Methodology
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- Bounding boxes (bboxes) of size 512x512 pixels were sampled where **90% of pixels** corresponded to vegetation categories (WorldCover values: 10, 20, 30, 40, 90, 95).
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- Non-overlapping bboxes were selected within the Europe bounds.
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- Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data were downloaded for 1,166 bboxes across the two years.
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- Final cropped tiles: **256x256 pixels**.
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### Dataset Statistics
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- **BBoxes (2022 only):** 36
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- **BBoxes (2023 only):** 454
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- **BBoxes (both years):** 676
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- **Total Dataset Size:** ~824.89 GB
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## Data Structure
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Each bbox folder contains the following subfolders and files:
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```
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bbox_number/
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├── s1_rtc/
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│ ├── ascending/
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│ │ ├── s1_rtc_YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS.tif
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│ │ ├── s1_rtc_YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS.tif
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│ │ ├── ...
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│ ├── descending/
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│ ├── s1_rtc_YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS.tif
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│ ├── s1_rtc_YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS.tif
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│ ├── ...
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├── s2/
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│ ├── s2_YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS.tif
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│ ├── s2_YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS.tif
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│ ├── ...
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├── worldcover/
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├── worldcover.tif
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```
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### File Formats
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- **TIFF (Tagged Image File Format):** Used for storing all raster data with metadata and lossless compression.
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## Sentinel Data Details
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### Sentinel-1 RTC
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- Pre-processed for radiometric terrain correction and orthorectified to UTM zones.
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- Data stored in ascending and descending orbits to allow analysis of orbit-specific effects.
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- Each file has two bands, in this order: VV, VH
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### Sentinel-2 L2A
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- 12 spectral bands selected, along with a scene classification map ([SCL](https://custom-scripts.sentinel-hub.com/custom-scripts/sentinel-2/scene-classification/)).
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- Resolutions vary from **10m to 60m** (resampled to 10m).
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### [WorldCover](https://esa-worldcover.org/en)
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- Extracted and resampled to match bbox projections for consistency.
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## Example Visualization
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The dataset provides:
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- RGB composites from Sentinel-2 (red, green, and blue bands).
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- NDVI derived from Sentinel-2 data.
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- Sentinel-1 radar images for both polarizations (ascending and descending).
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- WorldCover classification maps.
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## Citation
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If you use SEN12VTS in your research, please cite this repository and the corresponding publication.
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---
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## Usage
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The dataset can be used for various applications, including but not limited to:
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- NDVI regression.
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- Vegetation monitoring and analysis.
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- Time-series forecasting.
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- Multi-sensor data fusion.
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## Licensing
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The dataset is distributed under the MIT, and its use is subject to compliance with the Sentinel and ESA WorldCover data usage policies.
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---
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### Contact
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For questions, issues, or contributions, please open an issue on this repository or contact federico.oldani@gmail.com.
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