[
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0001", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 1 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia January 1. 1794\n          I have taken a Sheet of Paper, only to wish you an happy new Year and many happy repetitions of this Aniversary.\n          I received yesterday a Letter, and Pacquet of his Liberty Papers and Pamphlets from Mr B. Hollis dated 18. Feb. 1793. Where it has been I cannot guess. He Sends his best Wishes to you and hopes you have recovered your health and Spirits.\n          I Suppose Columbus has now done with G\u2014 I read his Number 5. yesterday. The Printers are all Poltroons or they would insert the whole in all their Papers; They are afraid of an Antifoederal Party and of a French Party now associated in one, and very powerful with many Readers of Newspapers. If Genet has by his Conduct made many of them afraid to avow their Attachment to him, they Still avoid giving him offence and will come out in his vindication whenever they think they may with Safety.\n          Cheesman is not arrived and Brisler is put to more Inconvenience than I am for want of our Trunk. It is feared he is lost, but I still hope he will be heard of, after some time. My Duty Love & Compliments where proper\n          yours this Year as last", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0002", "content": "Title: John Adams to Charles Adams, 2 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Charles\n            Dear Charles\n            Philadelphia Jan. 2. 1794\n          This morning I recd your agreable Letter of the 30. Ult.\u2014I wish you would explain to me what you mean, by \u201cmost of them finding their Purses lightened by their Connections[\u201d] with (blank). Have they lent him Money?\n          The Letter you mention was written in a careless haste intended for no Eye but yours and I fear not fit for any but a partial one\u2014 but if you think it will do any good, you may give an Extract, without any name or hint that can turn the Attention to me. if you do, cutt it out of the Paper and inclose it to me, for I have forgotten almost all about it and have no Copy. have all the five Numbers of Columbus been printed in the N. York Papers? I have not seen any one.\n          I have Seen and detested the Libel on the President and observed the Proceedings in Consequence of it. Between you and me, if Virtues descend not by Inheritance, the Printer in Question is a Proof that an ill temper sometimes does. I am sorry however for I feel a regard for the Race who have good Qualities tho obscured by a little ill Nature. Mr Jefferson resigned his Office at the End of the Year and Yesterday was nominated and this day appointed Mr Randolph in his Stead. Mr Jefferson is going to Montecello to Spend his Days in Retirement, in Rural Amusements and Philosophical Meditations\u2014 Untill the President dies or resigns, when I suppose he is to be invited from his Conversations with Egeria in the Groves, to take the Reins of the State, and conduct it forty Years in Piety and Peace. Amen. He goes out with a blaze of Glory about his head, at least in Southern Eyes for his astonishing Negotiations with Hammond Genet and Viar. I cannot Say however that I am pleased with his Resignation. He might have worn off his sharp Points and become a wiser Minister than he has been sometimes. His Abilities are good\u2014his Pen is very good\u2014and for what I know the other Ministers might be the better for being watched by him. They will however be watched by other Centinels in sufficient Numbers. I dont dislike a Precedent of Resignation, for I sometimes feel as if it would one day be my own Case and I should be glad to have an Example to quote.\n          The Reasonings of Columbus, I am informed have carried Conviction to multitudes whose opinions were very different for Want of\nInformation. It is indeed a luminous Production. The Writer had better mind his office, there are quantum meruits there. but none in Politicks, for an independent Man.\n          My Regards where due.\n          Fennos Paper is now a daily Advertising Paper, and whether it will be better than others I dont yet see. You have all in your N. York Papers that appears here and more. Not one Printer in this City has had the sense, Taste or Spirit to reprint a Line of Columbus; an habetude unpardonable.\n          You must be very discreet with my Letters\u2014 I shall write to you in Confidence Things not fit to be seen by others, as not sufficiently guarded & reserved.\n          yours as ever", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0006", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to John Adams, 5 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, John\n          I must apologize for not having answered before this your last Letter; but your conjectures with respect to Columbus were not without foundation, and what with politics and Law, what with public and private discussion, I have scarcely had a moment that I could call my own to perform my duties to you.\u2014 Columbus has been attacked in the Chronicle by a writer under the signature of Americanus, and defended by another subscribing himself Barneveld. Columbus and Barneveld we are told, are one and the same person, and the discussion is therefore still protracted; though I hope it will soon be closed.\n          The public here, have been sufficiently favourable to Columbus: the applause which from many different quarters has been bestowed upon his Letters, in private conversations has been so much superior to their merits, that I dare not repeat the observations which have been reported to me, lest you should suspect the author\nof Vanity beyond the limits of common extravagance. In one of the late Centinels there is a Sonnet to the writer of Columbus, which you will probably have seen before this reaches you, and by which you will perceive that even the Muses have promised him the wreath of Glory to entwine his brows. On the other hand the saturnine Genius of the Chronicle has devoted to ineffable contempt the \u201cpetulance and affected wit of Columbus and Barneveld most of which (he says) is a sort of litterary plagiarism from Junius[\u201d]; they are called the \u201caspirations of family pride,[\u201d] and the \u201cJuvenile author\u201d is assured that he will not be rescued from contempt even by the \u201chigh station of his Sire.\u201d\n          You will not suspect me to be much affected by criticisms like this. But there is one symptom, calculated above all others to congeal every source of future exertion. It is the manner with which these publications are received, by some of my friends, and by many others, who would be clamorous enough in praise of the sentiments, if they were not disposed to check the aspirations of the writer. The public is a Lady having so many admirers, that a favour is not to be obtained from her by one of them with impunity. And even when the favour desired is nothing more than a simple smile of approbation, she cannot grant it, without exciting all the evil energies of those whose ardour aims at much more familiar caresses.\n          Yet I cannot write for the common purposes of Ambition. I cannot wish to be the rival of any candidate for public office of any kind. My first, and certainly at present my only object is to run with honour and reputation the career of my profession; and whenever I have joined in the public discussion of political questions, it has certainly been from motives more patriotic than personal. My Country is entitled to my services however small their value may be, and if she will but approve, I shall not ask her to reward them.\n          The state of our public affairs assumes an appearance, not only critical, but alarming. Yet I cannot think our greatest danger to be apprehended from external enemies. They may distress us, but we can be ruined only by ourselves. We shall soon have no friends on this side Heaven, and we shall have none but enemies there, unless we heal in some measure our internal divisions.\u2014 To conciliate and unite appears to me at the present moment more than ever, the interest and duty of every American.\u2014 With respect to Genet, and his frenzies the object is in some measure accomplished. But the prime agent to produce this effect has been his own folly. I wish that the\nwisdom of others may extend the principle of reconciliation to the other important interests of the Country.\n          The winter vacation has given me some considerable respite from the forms of attending upon Courts: but our Common Pleas commence their Session this week, and for the future three months my attention will again be directed to my own concerns. No Man, I find can serve two Masters, and my professional studies have been somewhat neglected, while I have been perplexing myself with the affairs of the Nation.\u2014 The Attorney General is now at home, so that I shall of course be superseded in my official ministration at the Sessions. He looks at me with less complacency than ever, and is said to be the writer of Americanus.\u2014 He intends it is said to stand as candidate for Governor, and I have some curiosity to see how he will manage his card so as to keep upon terms with the prophet Samuel, and his party. Both Jacobins; both Frenchmen; both pretending so be the slavish adorers of our Sovereign Lords the people.\u2014 It is however conjectured by some that Sullivan, will crouch, and accommodate by taking the second station: this would certainly be his best policy, and would probably unite a strong party in his favour. The oldest head will no doubt wear the Tiara, but his Ambition will perhaps not be contented with a place, which would deprive him of his present office, which is doubly lucrative, and perhaps tie up his tongue at the bar.\n          My mother and all our friends here are well.\u2014 My Brother Thomas will accept of my affectionate remembrance, and my congratulations upon his opening at the bar. I shall write to him as soon as possible.\n          With all filial respect and affection I remain your\u2019s", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0007-0003", "content": "Title: II. John Adams to Charles Adams, 9 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Charles\n              Dear Charles\n              Philadelphia January 9. 1794\n            I received this Morning your valuable Letter of the 6th and am much pleased with your Observations as well as with your\nResearches. but I wish you would examine the Passage in Polybius in Greek. It is the highest Satisfaction to me to perceive that you have so just a sense of the Importance of the Beleif of a Deity and his Providence and moral Government to the Happiness of Nations as well as Individuals. Although your Opinion of the Duration of Christianity is not expressed in Terms so decided, I am also happy to find that you think it promotive of the happiness of Mankind. Let me however recommend to you, not easily to believe that it is in much danger. You may take my Word for it, that if any Gates could have easily prevailed against it, it would have disappeared long ago. If you live to the Age of Man, you will find the Faith in it very little diminished. It is founded on that eternal and fundamental Principle of the Law of Nature Do as you would be done by: and Love your Neighbour as yourself. Equality, Equality is the Element of Christianity, and how the Preachers of Equality of the present day can be so absurd as to quarrell with their best Friend & supporter I know not. You may perhaps be surprized to find me an Advocate for the modern Doctrine of Equality: but your surprize may cease when I tell you that I was one of the earliest and most explicit asserters of it. I drew the Article in the Massachusetts Declaration of Rights, which has given so much offense. All Men are by Nature free And equal. I have heard such Men as Mr Gerry Mr Parsons & Mr Bradbury say lately that they wished this Article out of the Constitution because it is not true. I wondered at this and differed entirely in opinion. It was opposed in Convention and I was called upon to defend and explain it.\u2014 I asserted it to be a fundamental elementary Principle of the Law of Nature: and We were then in a state of Nature laying down first Principles. It meant not a Phisical but a moral Equality. common sense was sufficient to determine that it could not mean that all Men were equal in fact, but in Right. not all equally tall, Strong wise handsome, active: but equally Men, of like Bodies and Minds, the Work of the Same Artist, Children of the Same father, almighty. all equally in the Same Cases intitled to the Same Justice.\n            How the present Age can boast of this Principle as a Discovey, as new Light and modern Knowledge I know not. as I wish you to look into this subject I will enlarge upon it. But not at present. You may consider this as an Introduction.\n            To Day I recd. your Letter without date with the Paper inclosed.\n            The Death of the Queen of France, affecting as it is, is not half so shocking as the last Article alledged against her. What will not those People do to render an unfortunate Woman odious.? There is nobody will believe it, but their own Dupes.\n                I am your affectionate Father", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0007-0006", "content": "Title: V. Charles Adams to John Adams, 17 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, Charles\nTo: Adams, John\n              My dear Father\n            I have duly received your letters up to the first of this month and am grateful for your kindness towards me your extracts from Heineccius and your remarks About three years ago I read this author. I cannot find him in this City our public library is very badly selected in my opinion although it has the effect of all public libraries\nthat is to make individuals careless of collecting books. The great Doctrine is that \u201cAll men are born free and equal\u201d that is to say in a State of Nature they may be. and this is the distinction you have made but how any man of reflection can hold up the idea as it relates to a state of Society is wonderful It is certainly not true that they are born free and equal If it is said they are equally born or that they ought to be born free there may be some plausibility in the pretence\n            The purity of Mr Madison\u2019s intentions is a theme much discanted upon. I should however hardly advise to place so much reliance. He cannot wish to injure the Goverment are words which fall from many lips But I think we should do very wrong to fall asleep and trust the Child to such a nurse. What will these Democratic Societies which are establishing in the different States come to Are they not too faithful imitations of the Jacobins? Or are they not in fact branches of that Club Is there no power in our Government to check such associations And if not will not their influence be dangerous and perhaps fatal to the Federal Government? I am fearful that the antifederal party in Congress are gaining too much ground.\n            It is a question upon which I have never yet been able to satisfy my mind fully Whether Receiving a minister from France at the time Mr Genet was received was a measure of policy or a measure we were obliged to adopt to support our good faith The Government of France if I recollect right had been decreed to be Revolutionary which in my acceptation of the word means that the six seven or dozen men who could from time to time get uppermost were to govern. We are then to day to receive the Ambassador of Pethion tomorrow of Brissot the next day of Robertspier &c &ca It is said by many who question the policy of the measure that this Country would never have suffered the minister to be rejected that it would have created a fatal fermentation There may be truth in this but I fear we shall be led into more difficulties by the reception than we could have been by refusal. Suppose that monarchy were again to be established in France would not the Court call for the repayment of that part of the debt we have paid to the Soi disant republic? And if we refused would it not be a very plausible pretence to go to war with us? I am aware of the distinction which is made between personal treaties and real treaties but surely we had a good pretext to refuse what by France was demanded Vattel B 2d Chap 12 Sec 197 \u201cThe ally remains the Ally of the State notwithstanding the Change which has happened in it. However when this change renders the\nalliance useless dangerous or dissagreeable it may renounce it: For it may say upon a good foundation that it would not have entered into an alliance with that nation had it been under the present form of Government.[\u201d] In our present situation we should explain our treaties with different nations so as to make them appear consistent if possible We should not conceive that we owe all to one Nation without examining if we have no duties to discharge toward others we certainly have and we could not perform what is required by the French without breaking our treaties with other nations are we than to suffer an explanation which would involve us in war with most of the great Nations of Europe?\n            I have looked over the Constitutions of the different States I find nothing relative to the right of emigration except in the fifteenth article of the Pensylvania Bill of rights towit That all men have a natural inherent right to emigrate from one State to another that will receive them, or to form a new State in vacant Countries or in such Countries as they can purchase, whenever they think that thereby they may promote their own happiness. This article appears to me to have been made in contradistinction to the doctrine advanced by some writers of Respectability That a man can never relinquish his allegiance to the Country where he was born Sir William Blackstone and Lord Hale appear to me to carry this idea rather too far Yet we are not to suppose that expatriation is a thing of so little moment or that upon the most trifling occasions or upon every momentary impulse we can justifiably divest ourselves of all duty to our Country much less to infringe the Supreme Laws of the Land with impunity. The line should be drawn some where so as neither wholly to preclude our Citizens from emigrating nor permit chichaning pretences to screen them from the arm of the Laws when they commit such acts as endanger the peace and wellfare of the Community. The President by his proclamation declared to the People of the United States the situation of their Country the duties they owed to the respective Powers engaged in the War enjoined a strict neutrality and forbid them to be aiding and abetting &ca This was not a law made for the occasion but a statement that such engagement did exist between the United States and several of the European nations engaged in the war Treaties are Laws of the highest authority Everry Citizen who acts contrary to them becomes liable to punishment and should receive it. I can hardly suppose that\nobservations of this nature have not been made to the juries who have acquitted several offenders I should rather impute it to the obstinacy of prejudice, but many things go wrong.\n            You will perceive by the latter part of my letter that I have received your favor of the 13th inst For which accept the sincere thanks of your Affectionate son\n              Charles Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0009", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams Smith, 7 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Smith, Abigail Adams\n              My Dear Daughter:\n              Philadelphia, January 7, 1794.\n            Colonel Smith spent the last evening with me, and presented me with your kind letter of the 29th of December. I have seen Mr. G.; he made me a visit which I returned. His conversation was agreeable enough; but he appeared, by all his discourse, to be a young gentleman of much ingenuity, a lively wit and brilliant imagination, enamoured to distraction with republican liberty, but wholly without experience, in any free government, very crude and inaccurate in his ideas of a republic, and as yet totally uninformed of the operations of the human heart and the progress of the passions in all public assemblies, whether of the people at large, or of a representation of them, or of a senate or any other selected few of even the wisest and best men.\n            You think I can now judge \u201cwhether he has a disposition to involve us in a war\u201d or not. What is his disposition, or what have been his intentions, I know not; but I think it certain, that his conduct, if it had not been checked in its career, would infallibly have brought upon us a war with all Europe, except his constituents, and with the house of Bourbon, all the great families of France, and all their\necclesiastics and all their adherents, now united, in some degree, with the combined powers.\n            I think, too, that his forcible resistance to the execution of our laws, his enlistments of men for any military service by land or sea, his endeavours to set our people against their government, are all unjustifiable, and his uniting with a party inexcusable.\n            This party has misled him, and filled his head with prejudices against the President and his Ministers, and, no doubt, against the Vice-President too, which have done him no good nor them any harm. In all my own negotiations abroad for ten years, in three different nations, I made it a constant rule, never to make myself subservient to the friends of any party, nor not even so far as to get credit and confidence with them. Had Mr. G. relied on his cause and his honour, without seeking aid from party passions, he would have had more friends and fewer enemies.\n            Your proverb that a tenant of a glass house should never throw stones at the passengers in the street, has great and sound sense. But I am sorry to say, that our people in America have not attended to it. Many have discovered a desire of provoking a war; debtors sometimes find a war convenient to themselves, whatever it may cost their country. The anti-federal party have courted French republicans, in hopes, by their aid in demolishing the Constitution of the United States, and have made a catspaw of the French Minister. But they have all been deceived by their wishes. The body of the people is wise and federal, and wishes to be neutral in foreign wars, and even between the parties in France.\n            Return to my dear grandson\u2019s their kind compliments of the season. I wish them long life, and prosperous as well as virtuous courses.\n            I am my dear child, / Very affectionately, / Your father,\n            My aged and venerable mother is drawing near the close of a virtuous and industrious life. May her example be ever present with me! May I be enabled to fulfil the duties of life, as well as she has done. I would not exchange her morals, for all the offices, honours, and profits of the world.\n            I pray you to present my best thanks to Mrs. Fitch, for her kind present of a turtle; if it had come here, I could have only given it to the President or some of his Ministers. I could have had no use for it.\n            There is no doubt in my mind, that General Knox will continue in office. The possibility of a war, which the intemperance of our people has rendered now more than possible, though I still hope for peace, will be excuse enough for the Secretary of War to continue where he is, notwithstanding all the resolutions and declarations of retiring. This, at least, is my opinion.\n            The cause of liberty, my dear daughter, is sacred. Your father has spent all his life in it, and sacrificed more to it than millions who now inflame the world. But anarchy, chaos, murder, atheism, and blasphemy, are not liberty. The most dreadful tyranny that ever existed upon earth, is called liberty by people who know no more about liberty than the brutes.\n            I fear the next post will bring me the melancholy news of my mother\u2019s departure to meet my father. May they be happy to all eternity. Two purer spirits never came within the knowledge of / Your affectionate father,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0010", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to George Cabot, 8 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Cabot, George\n          When I had the pleasure of visiting you in the Summer you may recollect Some conversation which too place respecting a young Gentleman whom You was pleasd to say you wishd to see engaged in writing upon a certain subject as You thought many circumstances concured to render him the most suitable person. at that Time he declined.\n          But an opportunity has since offerd to discuss a subject, by which he conceived he might render some service to the publick\n          a Number of papers have been printed in Russels Centinal, under the signature of Columbus\u2014begining the 30 of Novbr and closing the 21. of December. if you see them and read them in course you will judge Sir whether a Republication of them in Philadelphia in the News papers or a pamphlet, (as they have become fashionable)\nwill tend to throw any light upon a Subject which at present occupies much of the publick attention\n          you will be sensible why I address myself to you rather than to an other person, to whom I have not even communicated my intention I had rather upon this occasion resign Solely to your judgment and am Sir With Sentiments of respect for you and affectionate Regard to your Lady / Your Humble Servant\n            Izabella", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0011", "content": "Title: Charles Adams to John Adams, 8 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, Charles\nTo: Adams, John\n            My Dear Father\n          Your letter inclosing the Pamphlet, came very safe to hand. I thank you, for your kindness. The Mails between this City and Philadelphia are very safe and secure. I have never heard of any accident happening to anything sent by this conveyance. Many of the communications published in this pamphlet have already appeared in our papers You know Sir that it is an idea cherished by many that a Republic should have no secrets. This doctrine carried to its full extent will no doubt lead us into some disagreable scrapes but I also think that we must pay the price of experience for all the wisdom we are likely to obtain. You letter I transcribed and gave in to the Printers of the Minerva I have taken such precautions that no person can know from whence it came. I gave it in the evening before last, it has not yet appeared. Whether there is anything in it which does not suit their palates I cannot say but I am sure there are truths which ought to be told and which ought to be regarded by Americans. Please to give my Love to Thomas and beleive me your affectionate son\n            Charles Adams\n            We are told that Genl Knox will resign. where is the man who can, and will supply his place?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0012", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 9 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia Jan. 9. 1794\n          The Anxiety you express (in your kind Letter of Decr 31 which I received this morning) for your Country and the Happiness of your Children is very amiable. The Prospects of this Country are gloomy, but the Situation of all Europe is calamitous beyond all former Examples. At what time and in what manner and by what means, the Disasters which are come and Seem to be coming on Mankind may be averted I know not. Our own People have been imprudent, as I think and are now Smarting under the Effects of their Indiscretion. But this instead of a Consolation is an aggravation of our Misfortune. Mr Genet has been abusive on the President and all his Ministers beyond all measures of decency, or Obligations of Truth, and in other respects not yet publickly investigated, his Conduct has been Such as to make it difficult to know what to do with him. But I cannot explain myself fully: you must wait for time to bring forth Events and Ecclaircissments\n          I have read all the Numbers of Columbus, and although I am pleased with the style and Arrangement, the extent of Learning and force of Reason, I thought in some Places a little less Indignation, might have been more becoming. Whether the President has read them I know not. I have been afraid to ask questions or make Observations to any body lest I should be thought to be too much interested. There are Quantum Meruits in a Lawyers Office, but none in a printing office for an honest Man, any more than in a senate.\n          Thomas inclosed to his Brother at Boston a Check on the Bank for 400 Dollars to pay Gen. L.\u2014 but has received no Acknowledgment of it.\u2014 I must send you Some Money\u2014 You must have Hay, and all other Necessaries.\u2014 No News of Cheesman.\n          Mrs Washington always enquires affectionately after your health, and I never forget to present your Respects.\n          The News of this Evening is, that the Queen of France is no more\u2014 When will Savages be Satiated with Blood.? No Prospect of Peace, in Europe, and therefore none of internal Harmony in\nAmerica. We cannot well be in a more disagreable Situation than We are with all Europe, with all Indians and all Barbary Rovers.\n          Nearly one half the Continent is in constant opposition to the other, and the Presidents situation which is highly responsible is very distressing. He made me a very friendly Visit Yesterday which I returned to day and had two Hours Conversation with him alone in his Cabinet. The Conversation which was Extreamly interesting and equally affectionate, I cannot explain even by a hint. But his earnest desire to do, right, and his close Application to discover it, his deliberate and comprehensive View of our affairs with all the World, appeared in a very amiable and respectable Light. The Antifoederalists and the frenchified Zealots have nothing now to do, that I can conceive of but to ruin his Character destroy his Peace, and injure his health. He Supports all their Attacks with great firmness and his health appears to be very good. The Jacobins would make a Sortee upon him in all the force they could muster, if they dared. I run on and say nothing so I will conclude your ever affectionate", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0013", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 12 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my Dearest Friend\n          My Neighbour captain Beals went to Town yesterday and was so good as to bring up, and send me my Letters last Evening, whilst I was sitting mourning that I had no hope of getting them, as the travelling was very bad and the Day stormy. I find the Family an agreable acquisition. we live upon friendly & social terms. I agree with mr Izzard, that we are grown too old to live seperate, and I could literally construe that part of the marriage Service, which says, \u201cwhat God has put together, let no man put assunder,\u201d for in Youth most people are too young to be Seperated. he understood Humane Nature well; who pronounced that it was [\u201c]not good for Man to be alone\u201d our present seperation is much mitigated by the frequent intercourse we are enabled to hold by Letter. Columbus finishd in his 5th Number, and I mean to hint to Barnevelt to close as soon as possible. Americanus is by no means a match for him, but he is a false, fibbing contemptable antagonist, and will with a Brasen front; affirm that white is black, & black white, and tho the publick may\nbe benifitted by shewing the Man in his true light and Character, there is no touching pitch without being defiled, and in order to confute him, he must be followd through his windings, and his inconsistences. these two writers may be compared to the Eagle and the Snake \u201cthe Side way and oblique motion with which the Snake goes on, points out the deceit he proceeds with. his Breast fix\u2019d to the Earth, shews his adherence to self interest; the various inflexions and foldings of his Body are descriptive of his crooked Soul; and his conceald venom denotes the evil intention he hides.\u201d The generous Eagle aspires to mount through the pure Air, by an honest flight, with his own Native strength, and the shafts which may be thrown at him, will recoil and wound the pursuers. if as you have heard Columbus is republishing both in N york and Philadelphia, he will have opponents sufficient to keep down any vanity which might otherways arise in, his breast. he will find sufficient mortification in beholding so many of his fellow creatures disposed to Ruin and overthrow a Government under which they might live quiet and peaceable Lives. he will see that he has a Herculean task to perform, and as many monsters to contend with. I would not however advise him to notice any of his opponents The Truth of his own arguments cannot fail to carry conviction to every candid inquirer, and like Gold will only shine the brighter the more they are Rub\u2019d. the French Jacobins have united with our dissafected and unprincipald citizens, and will create much trouble I fear. an act of the state of Georgia respecting suits in the Federal Court, breath a spirit of defiance, and Virginia by some of her resolves plainly shews what manner of spirit she is of\u2014 the great Body of the people are however contented and happy. we know that they may be wrought up to a Spirit of resistance & madness\u2014but it will not be very easy to impose upon them. general Lincoln tells me that in his late journeys he had much opportunity of conversing with them, and that he did so freely, but found them universally pleasd and happy. I find by the Papers that mr Jefferson has resignd, and that the Virgina corps fill the vacant places. it is prudent perhaps that it should be so; I think I have heard you express a good opinion of the Talants of mr Taylor. I should suppose that it ought to be a distinguishd, & solid Law, Character to fill that office with respectability what ever may be mr Jeffersons motives for resigning, I presume he will not be neglected. most men grow either Avaricious or ambitious as they advance in Life. It is storied of Pausanias that he inquired of Hermocrates how he might become eminent, and was answerd, by taking of\nthe Head of the most eminent Man; Ambition has not yet reachd that Sumit in this Country, but overturn our Religion, and all the rest would soon follow. if these Jacobin Societyes are permitted and countananced in this Country, from the Strides already made we have every thing to fear.\n          In France they have at length added the Murder of the unfortunate Queen to the measure of their Iniquity, whilst Humanity sickens at the recital of their crimes, her Death is less horible than the cruel imprisonment and indignities she has sustaind.\n          I think we have great reason to fear that Cheeseman is lost. you had the value of one hundred dollors on board one whole suit of black Broad cloth seven shirts which is a whole peice of Linnen one other coat & waistcoat stockings and your Green damask Gown draws waistcoats &c, and Thomass Boots which I suppose he is in great want of. poor Brisler too is a sufferer\u2014\n          Mr Pratt brought me his account last week\u2014 I told him previously that I could not pay it till I had written to you. the foot of it is 34\u00a3 10s. 7d. Humphries & Porter call\u2019d upon me for their pay for cutting 22 cords of wood two pounds four shilling, which I dischargd. the payment of this Bill, and some small family demands have left me 0. really in such a situation as I never was before\u2014 the Dr will discharge 200 this week and in order to do it he appropriates the whole interest due. I have given my word to Savil that he shall be payd this Month. I believe there will be no risk in sending I am told by your Brother who was in Town last week that a great uneasiness prevails on account of this Jacobine club\u2014and that they have for one object the overturning of the funding system, and an other is to rule the comeing Election. the south end politicians have three candidates whom they mean to set up. the present Lt Governour judge Dana & mr Gerry. I wish we may have as good Men as the two last, one man, who I know not declares that you are the only man he will vote for tho he should stand alone.\n          my best Respects to mrs washington with many thanks for the honor done me by her repeated kind inquiries. I honour her for a prudence, which I know I do not possess\u2014 I could not keep Silence as she does. to all my other Friends Male and Female present me kindly. I am often with them in imagination.\n          In reality I am with every / tender affection yours.\n            mrs Brisler is well. Love to Thomas.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0014", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Quincy Adams, 12 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n          I wish you to direct the inclosed Letter\u2014to your Father I read Barnevelt in Mondays paper. it may be necessary to defend himself, but I look upon his opponent in a contemtable light, and that no honour or reputation is to be obtaind in a contest with him. I therefore wish to see Barnevelt close Your Father is really affraid that columbus may be inflated with vanity and too much emboldened. he writes a hard word for you to construe I suppose. I cannot festine lente Yet he says as much as any one to raise vanity, because we value his judgment. Webster is republishing Columbus in N york in a large handsome Type so he may expect Veritas & Helvidius & cato for his opponents there. a Printer in Philadelphia having heard mr Ames say that Columbus was a very compleat thing, has thoughts of publishing them in Philadelphia. he added that there was but one Man in Boston that he knew of who could write them. I would not however advise columbus to enter the list with any one who may throw him the Gauntlet. if the metal is pure Gold, the more it is Rub\u2019d the brighter it will shine. I believe it will stand the ordeal\u2014\n          I know of but one tittle which Americanus has to respect, and that is what nature could not withhold from him, Age. considering that, I thought Barnevelt in his last number discoverd rather too much contempt, both of his knowledge, his abilities, and his Morals\nI think it was swift who used to read his peices before he publishd them to an old woman and by her observations he judged how the publick would receive them. perhaps an old woman may be usefull again. I have not however heard any remarks", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0015", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 14 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia January 14. 1794\n          I had Yesterday the Pleasure of yours of January 5. I will Send, to Mr Adams a Check upon the Branch Bank for two hundred Dollars as soon as I can get Thomas to transact the Business for me.\n          I am glad to find that you have had Applications for the Farms\u2014 I wish you to hear them all and enquire their Characters and Circumstances\n          We are all of Us here, very much concerned for Cheesman. he has not been heard of.\n          I have not seen Americanus nor Barneveldt. But in the former the latter has to deal with a Man who is the least of a Gentleman of any one in Boston. I hope the latter will not forget that he is one.\n          Our son will find the Envy of his Friends, the bitterest Drop in the Cup of Life. He must have a Care however not to give them Advantages by indiscreet Exultations, nor by any unmanly humiliations. Let him take no improper Notice, of what he must see and feel. I could entertain even you with a long History of my own Sufferings in this Way.\n          I have read of a People in Antiquity called The Ephesini who\npassed a fundamental Law in these Words \u201cLet none of Our Citizens excell others in merit, if he does let him live elsewhere and with others.\u201d For this horrible decree Heraclities pronounced them all worthy of dying in the prime of Life.\n          These are Vices to which Democratical Governments are more peculiarly liable than any others. Our son must expect to Smart under them all his Life\n          yours affectionately", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0016", "content": "Title: George Cabot to Abigail Adams, 17 January 1794\nFrom: Cabot, George\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            Philadelphia 17th Janry 1794\n          The ice in the Delaware having delayed the post beyond it\u2019s usual period I had not the honor to receive your esteemed letter of the 8th until this moment, but my respect for the writer constrains me to acknowledge it\u2019s arrival before I can be prepared to give an answer to its contents.\n          in a free country it is so important that the people shou\u2019d entertain just sentiments respecting their public affairs, that I feel myself much more indebted to those who contribute by their labors to rectify public opinion than I do to those who immediately share the administration of the Government, and upon this principle I have expressed very freely my obligation to Columbus.\u2014\n          as I beleived that the peices under that signature woud be useful I have made it a practice to circulate among my friends the Newspapers which contained them, & thus it happens that at the moment I wish to review them they are not at my command.\u2014 I have hopes however that the Vicepresident has them, & with this expectation I have engaged Mr. Otis to procure them.\u2014 when this is done I shall reexamine them for the purpose you have suggested & shall shew you by my frankness & sincerity that I am ambitious of retaining the confidence you have so generously bestowed.\u2014\n          it was natural enough that Mrs. Cabot shoud be a little alarmed at\nseeing me read, with a pleasure which I coud not disguise, a letter from a Lady with a feigned signature & without the date of place\u2014but as she discoverd that you expressed all your affection for her & only respect for me, her agitations subsided & she desired me to send back an unfeigned assurance of both\u2014in which I might join / with every consideration", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0017", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to George Cabot, post 17 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Cabot, George\n          Your obliging favour of the 17 of Jan\u2019ry reachd me a few days sine the polite and Friendly manner in which You communicate Your inttentions call for my acknowledgment. our Legislators never having considerd our Sex sufficiently dangerous to enact a salique Law or perhaps entertaining too good an opinions of us to suppose we would encroach upon their establishd perogatives have left us to the fre excercise of our judgments and opinions upon political subjects fixing however a sutle Stigma upon the character of a Female politician to deter us from entering too far into the character. At such an Aeon as the present who can be an unconcern\u2019d Spectator? of the mighty Revolutions which are revolving round us\u2014in which kingdoms Principalities & powers are shaken to thir center, when the shocks of the old world extend their agitations even to our peacefull Shoars and would envolope us in the general Crush if the matrials of which we are composed were alike combustible.\n          Heaven avert the dangers which threaten us, and as we reside in a glass House, may our politicians beware of throwing stones\n          tell mrs C. that I am no Friend to Favoriteism, yet in this instance she will permit me to unite with her in those Sentiment of respect and esteem which long ago attached her affections to a Friend who has done much honour to her taste and judgment that she must now be satisfied to share with all those who must not resuse others an attachment from the same source\n          and to whom she will not refuse the plasure of Subsribing with renewed assurences of Regard / his Friend & Humble / Servant\n            Issabella\n            as not to permit", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0019", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 18 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia January 18 1794\n          I Send you, at present the Negotiations with Mr Hammond as I sent you before those with Mr Genet. I wish I could send you \u201cThe Example of France a Warning to Britain\u201d a Pamphlet of Arthur Young the Secretary of Sir John Sinclairs Agricultural Society: but it is borrowed and must be returned. He is more Burkish than Burke I think.\n          Congress will do little this session I believe and perhaps the less the better.\n          Americanus has received just such a Flagellation as he has deserved these twenty Years. His Blunders, his Ignorance his Dulness, his Duplicity and Insincerity has been detected and exposed. And if The Blockhead had always been treated with the Same Freedom & Spirit he would have been held in total Contempt before this day and would have been quite harmless. I hope however that Barneveld will not make himself cheap by meddling much with Such Fools and Knaves.\n          Nec Deus intersit nisi dignus Vindice nodus.\n          Thomas has Sent to his Brother, two hundred dollars for you, in a Check on some bank.\n          We have an open Winter, much too mild to clear the Atmosphere of all its Vapours. It is Said that a dry Fall is commonly followed by an open Winter. When the large Tracts and great Lakes in the North West are not wet and full of Water in the Fall before Winter setts in, there is seldom must snow or great Cold in the Course of it. I presume the Ice is not sufficient any more than the Snow for our Wall Operations but our Wood may be brought home for the whole summer I should Supppose. There is a quantity of manure thrown out of the Ditches of the Coves which I should wish carted or Sledded into the yard if it can be conveniently: but I would not plan too much Work. Duty & Love", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0020", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 21 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia January 21. 1794.\n          We go Slowly forward: So Slowly as to produce no Results, which is a better course than to run rapidly in a Career of Mischief.\n          I go to Senate every day, read the News papers before I go and the Public Papers afterwards, see a few Friends once a Week, go to Church on Sundays; write now and then a Line to you and to Nabby: and oftener to Charles than to his Brothers to See if I can fix his Attention and excite his Ambition: in which design I flatter myself I shall have Success.\n          John may pursue his Studies and Practice with Confidence as well as Patience. His Talents, his Virtues his Studies and his Writings are not unknown, nor will they go without their Recompence, if Trouble is a Recompence for Trouble. If the People neglect him the Government will not: if the Government neglect him the People will not, at least very long.\n          Thomas is reading Clarendon, in order to form a Judgment of the Duration of the French Republick; and all other such Democratical Republicks which may arise in the great Maritime and commercial, Avaricious and corrupted Nations of Europe.\n          Cheesman I hear is returned to Boston\u2014 Our Trunk had better be taken out. Thomas\u2019s Books and Boots should be Sent here: but the rest may be carried to Quincy. I want nothing and Brisler says having done without his Things so long, he had rather do without them now till We return.\n          The Senators and Reps. Say that We must Sit here till May\u2014 Some hope to be up in April. I cannot flatter myself to be at home till the first of May. If the Yellow Fever Should make its Appearance, We Shall Seperate earlier, but the general Opinion and universal hope is that it will not return at all: at least till after the extream Heats of summer.\n          Col. Smith Spent about a fortnight here and is now returned. He\nis tormented by his Ambition but has taken very unsagacious measures to remove his Pains. I know not what he is in Pursuit of.\n          I am affectionately yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0023", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 24 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n          We have had four days and Nights of Rain an old fashiond rain. if there had been upon the Ground a Body of snow, the flood of Rain, would have carried away all our Mills and Bridges it has laid our fenses in the meddow below the House flat the water is a foot above the bridge at mr Blacks, and over the Top of his wall which he built last Summer. till this Rain we have not had water to Grind with in Town, & the wells were very low. I expect a Fe\u2019bry. winter.\n          The news of last Evening is that the duke of yorks Army with himself are captured and Toulon retaken with every ship, this in a hand Bill from Genet, who seems out of Breath for Joy, as he represents the whole city of Philadelphia he says the News arrived by a vessel from France which was sent there by the President, \u201cand that Congress could not stay in their sitting\u201d\n          if I thought such an event would accelerate an Honorable Peace in Europe and enable France to Govern themselves, I could most sincerely unite in acclamations and congratulation\u2019s but such is the state of wild Frenzy which possesses that devoted Nation, that they\nwill instanly invade England if in their power, possess themselves of Spain, & over turn every Throne, which they have ability to assault. Brissot and 14 others have follow\u2019d the Queen in quick succession. Houchard we are told is also Goullitened, if it was not treating a subject so melancholy, with too much levity; one might advise any future general, whom the Convention may be disposed to invest with the Chief command, to send them such an answer, as it is said Harry the 8th of England received from a Foreign Lady to whom in the latter part of his Reign, he signified that it was his pleasure to marry her. to which she replied, [\u201c]I am highly sensible of the honor your Majesty intends me, and if I had more Heads than one, should be proud of the Alliance, but as I have not, I must beg leave to decline the connexion\u201d\n          I hope tomorrows post will bring us more particulars, than Genets hasty hand Bill. I am some times almost tempted to wish that I was as ignorant of the Affairs of my Country, as those who are busied in a Round of dissipation. I should at least be free from the constant anxiety and solicitude which at present occupies all my thoughts, if by it, I could render any Service to my country, I should receive some compensation. I want to hear every day from you. I want to sit down and converse with you. every evening, I sit here alone and Brood over probabilities and conjectures. The Democratick Societys might more properly be termd Genetian. the resolves publishd in yesterdays paper of that society in Philadelphia, are rather more assuming than their Boston Brethren. they are not yet sufficiently powerfull to carry their measures into effect. Swift says that [\u201c]Man is so much of the Nature of a sheep, that whoever is bold enough to give the first great Leap over the Heads of those about him, tho he be the worst of the flock, shall be quickly followd by the rest, besides when Parties are once formd, the Stragglers look so ridiculous and become so insignificant, that they have no other way but to run into the herd, which at least will hide and protect them, and where to be much considerd requires only to be very voilent.\u201d from these causes I dare say do the Numbers in these Societyes increase, for the People are happy are contented Satisfyed with the Government and those who administer it. all those who wish to disturb it, will be found like Jarvis Austin Morten when weighd in the balance, wanting\u2014wanting office wanting property or wanting morals\u2014\n          Thus do I run on, merely for the sake of saying something to you, which may perhaps be as much to the purpose, as somethings which you hear in the assembly over which you preside, and if it should not, why then I can relinquish my right to a terms so long hackned that I am almost tempted never to claim it again, except it is to assure\n          You that my Heart bears an equal degree of affection and tenderness towards you with that expressd by your own, for your\n            Mrs Brisler was well this evening\n            Love to son Thomas\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0026", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to William Cranch, 26 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Cranch, William\n            My dear William\n            Philadelphia 26th: Jany:. 1794\u2014\n          I hasten within two hours after the receipt of your Letter, which came to my hands while at my Father\u2019s lodgings, to commerce an Answer\u2014tho\u2019 I must frankly own, without the smallest idea of the arrangement of the matter which crouds itself upon my mind in the perusal of your favor\u2014 I wish to communicate my whole soul to a friend, of all others, most deserving of the confidence\u2014 But how I shall begin, or where find a fit point for pausing after I have entered upon the task, must be left to the same kind of casualty, which I fear will be found too intimately interwoven with anticipated joys & delightful reveries whenever they are indulged. I could be angry with you for having so long forborne the communication, now received\u2014 And yet I am unhappy in my knowledge, & fain would wish it had slept for ever in silence\u2014for I know not what to say, think, or do. Such was the conflict, (if sacred writ be true) that agitated the human breast, when first the fatal apple plucked from the Tree of knowledge, met the lip of Eve\u2014 Excuse the greatness of the example adduced for illustration;\u2014the mixture of sacred with profane. Humannature from this first period, bears the stamp of frailty. The iron rules of Society allows less indulgence to our weakness\u2014Than the laws of God to our vices. In one case, a single fatal error draws down damnation on the offenders head, without the hope of a mediator; in the other, repentance, penitent & sincere will \u201cwork out salvation.\u201d I believe neither you or myself expected such a begining, to this\u2014what shall I call it?\n          The introduction shall stand God-Mother, and pronounce its baptismal ceremony; I christen it then, by the amorous name of Love Song. As you have accidentally been made the Father Confessor, between me and another, in an affair perhaps of all others the most delicate\u2014 I shall withhold none of my thoughts, and will endeavor to explain such parts of my conduct, as may have given occasion to a result of this nature.\n          If I mistake not, you once had an \u201cEclairecissement\u201d of this kind while you resided in Boston, with Miss F\u2014\u2014 it is rather hard that you should have to fight in the wars of Cupid, not only your own, but the Battles of your friends\u2014 I feel much obliged by your prowess, and the feats of General-ship so ably displayed; certain I am, that I never could have managed my own cause with half the dexterity & cleverness, & so much to the mutual satisfaction, (as I hope) of the parties concerned. Accept therefore my thanks, and now the relation.\n          The Letter which contained the expressions (too strong I confess, if esteem & friendship alone had guided the pen,) and which I wished might rather be communicated by the ear, than the Eye, to the object that occasioned them\u2014was written but the day previous to my intended departure for Philada.\u2014 You knew not the real cause perhaps of my sudden resolution to return; and thought not of the true reason of my studied avoidance of a visit, to which your pressing invitation, and my strong inclination were such powerful inducements\u2014 You see my conduct explained by those very lines;\u2014 another weeks delay would have left me no excuse for declining your request\u2014 Had I complied\u2014I felt the consequence\u2014I might have commited that unpardonable offence to which I observed before the laws of Society allow no indulgence. You have painted the consequences, which you say haunt your dreams and have illustrated by an example already realized Happy then is he, that foresees & shuns the rock\u2014 I have practised that inestimable virtue\u2014self renunciation\u2014longer than you immagine\u2014but I never have repented when the struggle ceased. The rules of Society are doubtless wise\u2014but they produce an eternal conflict between the discordant passions of man. Prudence is a virtue little known in savage life; an unbridled gratification of Passion is its substitute\u2014 You will not think I hope that I prefer the latter\u2014 No, I take Society as I find it, and exert my reason, against my will. The immortal Shake-spear has not left this trait of human nature unconsidered\u2014 His words are these\u2014\n          \u201cIf the ballance of our lives had not one Scale of reason, to poise\nanother of sensuality, the blood and baseness of our natures, would conduct us to most preposterous conclusions. But we have reason, to cool our raging motions, our carnal stings, our unbitted lusts.\u201d &ca.\n          The note\u2019s of confession and subsequent explanation which passed between you & Miss H, are to me a fresh evidence that my partiality was not misplaced The confession itself so flattering that I cannot take it in the full latitude which the just rules of interpretation might admit. I perceive by your answer, appeared to you rather too frank & undisguised. In cases of this kind it is at least doubtful, whether a \u201cthird eye should ever be witness;\u201d if there can be such an instance, this is it. I have not another friend on Earth to whom this business could have been communicated without causing me great anxiety\u2014with you it is a secret still; and instead of exciting unfavorable sentiments of either party, must increase your esteem for one, & confirm it towards the other.\n          You will never think that my German Constitution can be worked up to the pitch of Romantic extravagance, which must necessarily have contributed largely to the completion of my wishes, if the event alluded to before had taken place. I am not one of those who brave impossibilities\u2014 I hardly suffer myself to think of a thing, until I know it prudently practicable. Sometimes however I have been surprised when off my guard, and the contest to regain my post is allways arduous & painful. The footing on which this affair, (it is a novel term to be applied to a transaction in which I am a party) now rests, is the best I could look for\u2014 If I dared I would swear to her, that the \u201cFriend of my younger days\u201d should never be forgotten, whatever might become of the favorite\u2014but you have commanded me to silence, & I know the command however irksome must be obeyed. I wear about me a constant memento of this friend\u2014 it is a Broach; you may have seen it\u2014 \u201cDark in itself & indigent, but rich in borrowed lustre from an higher Sphere.\u201d But I have done\u2014I am sure your patience will be tried with this, I will not say uninteresting, but at least unsatisfactory explanation.\n          I think you have recd: my letter of nearly the same date with yours, before this\u2014 write me soon\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0027", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 31 January 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            My deares Friend\n          We have had a severe Snowstorm but attended with such a voilent wind that half the Ground is bare, whilst the other is almost impassible Banks; I hear nothing from Town this week. even the post has not come, but I have good domestick intelligence for you, which is that this day I think our Parent better, and I am much encouraged she says with one of her smiles, tell my son that I am here pestering yet, and that I have the best daughter in the whole world. I am obliged to do the whole message or be undutyfull.\n          we are all waiting with impatience to learn the purport of the last news from Frane. it must be of concequence to Electrify congress in such a manner that they could not keep their sittings\n          I have written only a few lines\u2014least I should not be able to get my Letters in town soon enough for the post, on monday Captain Beals is kind enough to call this evening and let me know that he is going to town tomorrow, and would take Letters for / your ever affectionate", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0028", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 2 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n          I last Evening received your kind Letters of Jan\u2019ry 18, 21 & 22d accompanied with the Negotiation\u2019s I have read the two pamphlets\nyou sent me before. if the American pamphlet is the production of the person to whom report asscribes it, I think very little honour is due to his Head, and none to his Heart. I am sorry he is calld to fill so important an office, as the one to which he is lately appointed. his Ideas are many of them derived from the Gambling table and his allusions from a Brothel which he coarsly distributes without respect to his readers. he might not imagine that his subject would draw the attention of a Female reader yet he who respects himself would have been more delicate, if the Ideas had not been too Familiar to him, and his uncloathd Negroes had blackned his mind. I cannot give full credit to his representations respecting the Banks and funding system, nor can I asscribe such dreadfull plots to those who have the management of them as this modern Argus sees. that multiplied Banks are productive of many of those evil concequences which he enumerates I both see and feel. that many persons are making fortunes from them I believe, that they are an indirect tax upon the comunity I fully credit, but his proposed remedy would be worse than the disease. his attempt at wit and his affected ridicule upon the balance of power, proves his grose ignorance of a subject, upon which his Ideas, are all bewilderd, and incoherent. it is plain however that this pamphlet is the continuation of the system adopted last winter & Breaths the same spirit with Giles & his veterans. the Letter addrest to mr Pitt, is well written, and contains matter of weighty concequence, and serious consideration. the writer accounts in the most rational Manner for that Spirit of Frenzy & Madness which continues to Swallow up reason, reflection and all the social affections and manly virtues, in the French Nation. Shakspear has well described these scenes too applicable to the present.\n            \u201cThe gates of Mercy are all shut up;\n            And the fleshd soldier, rough and hard of Heart.\n            In liberty of Bloody-hand, doth range\n            With conscience wide as hell, mowing like grass\n            The fresh fair virgins, and the flowering Infants\n            Fathers are taken by their Silver Beards\n            And their most reverend heads dashd to the walls\n            or spitted upon pikes, whilst their enraged wives\n            With their loud howls, do break the clouds\n            What rein can hold licentious wickedness\n            When down the Hill he holds his fierce career\u201d\n          The warning to Great Britain I have not read. our son brought it up one Saturday Evening but not having read it himself and being obliged to return it on Monday prevented my reading it. I wish it might be a sufficient warning to us to continue our Neutrality unimpared.\n          The dull and gloomy weather I perceive had influenced your spirits, and the politicks of the day had made you sick. you wanted the repose of your Family and the Bosom of your Friend. I know how it was by your Letter Pupil of woolsoncroft confess the Truth, and own that when you are sick of the Ambition the intrigues the duplicity and the Treachery of the aspiring part of your own sex, it is a comfort and a consolation to retire to the simplicity the Gentleness and tenderness of the Female Character. those qualities, says a candid writer are more benificial to the humane race than the prudence of all its individuals, and when conducted with good Sense, approach to perfection.\n          You can do much service to your sons by your Letters, and advise. you will not teach them what to think, but how to think, and they will then know how to act. I am glad you have read Barnevelt, and do not think him too roughly handled. his Age only intitled him to any respect. he evidently felt himself in the back ground, and sunk out of sight, but Secretly from the dark shoots a poisond Arrow.\n          I shall attend to your wishes with respect to every thing which can be done. the winter has been unfavourable for buisness. the pond is hard enough frozen, if we had but sufficient snow to cover those parts of the Ground which are bare. the wood we get when practacable, but I have made an important discovery viz that an old Man is not a young one. Belcher however is in many respects preferable but cannot be so active as when young he is not devoted to the Rum bottle. I informd you that I had received the Bills, and have dischargd the accounts of Phipps Savil & bought an other load of Hay\u2014paid to mrs Brisler ten Dollors which she had occasion for, which you may mention to him.\n          I have been to visit our Parent who is low and weak I do not however see any imediate danger\u2014 I hope the Phylidelphians will keep a viligent look out, and if the dreaded fever should break out\u2014remove the inhabitants. the Rain of three days which I mentiond to you was warm & relaxing to an allarming degree. it affected me so much that I was several days sick, and all the servants were debilitated in one way or other. it brought on your Mothers illness and in many instances in Town a Lung fever. mrs Field now lies sick with it, mrs\nBrislers Mother. Your Letters was the first intelligence I had of the return of Cheeseman. I shall make inquiry into the Matter.\n          adieu my Dearest Friend and be / ever assured of the affectionate Regard / of your\n            I received a letter last Evening for mrs Brisler which I sent to her she was finely to day the Boy is stout & strong", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0029", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to Abigail Adams Smith, 3 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Smith, Abigail Adams\n            My Dear Mrs. Smith,\n          I have not written to you since I received yours of January 5th. I go from home but very little, yet I do not find my time hang heavy upon my hands. You know that I have no aversion to join in the cheerful circle, or mix in the world, when opportunity offers. I think\nit tends to rub off those austerities which age is apt to contract, and reminds us, as Goldsmith says, \u201cthat we once were young.\u201d Whilst our presence is easy to youth, it will tend to guide and direct them.\n            \u201cBe to their faults a little blind,\n            Be to their virtues ever kind,\n            And fix the padlock on the mind.\u201d\n          To-morrow our theatre is to open. Every precaution has been taken to prevent such unpleasant scenes as you represent are introduced upon yours. I hope the managers will be enabled to govern the mobility, or the whole design of the entertainment will be thwarted.\n          Since I wrote you last, a renewal of the horrid tragedies has been acted in France, and the Queen is no more.\n            \u201cSet is her star of life;\u2014the pouring storm\n            Turns its black deluge from that aching head;\n            The fiends of murder quit that bloodless form,\n            And the last animating hope is fled.\n            Blest is the hour of peace, though cursed the hand\n            Which snaps the thread of life\u2019s disastrous loom;\n            Thrice blest the great, invincible command,\n            That deals the solace of the slumbering tomb.\u201d\n          Not content with loading her with ignominy, whilst living, they blacken her memory by ascribing to her the vilest crimes. Would to Heaven that the destroying angel might put up his sword, and say, \u201cIt is enough;\u201d that he would bid hatred, madness, and murder cease.\n            \u201cPeace o\u2019er the world her olive branch extend,\n            And white-robed Innocence from Heaven descend.\u201d\n          I wish, most ardently, that every arm extended against that unhappy country might be withdrawn, and they left to themselves, to form whatever constitution they choose; and whether it is republican or monarchical is not of any consequence to us, provided it is a regular government of some form or other, which may secure the faith of treaties, and due subordination to the laws, whilst so many governments are tottering to the foundations. Even in one of the freest and happiest in the world, restless spirits will aim at disturbing it. They cry \u201cA lion! a lion!\u201d when no real dangers exist, but from\ntheir own halloo, which in time may raise other ferocious beasts of prey.\n          I hope to hear from you soon. I wrote to you by Dr. Appleton. Your grandmother has been very sick, and is still in so poor a way that I have very little expectation of her ever going abroad again. She is cheerful and pleasant, and loves to hear from her children and grandchildren and great grandchildren. She has ever been a woman of exemplary benevolence, a friendly, open, candid mind, with a naturally good understanding, and zealousy anxious for the welfare and prosperity of her family, which she has always promoted by every exertion in her power. Her only anxiety seems to be, lest she should live to be a burden to her friends; but this will not be her hard lot.\n          Your mother,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0030", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 4 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia Feb. 4. 1794\n          The Mail of Yesterday brought me, a rich Treasure in your kind Letters of the 18. 24 and 25th of January\u2014 Ice in the Rivers or Snow or some other Obstructions on the Roads have delay\u2019d the Conveyance of some of them and occasioned their Arrival all together.\n          Columbus and Barneveld were both written with Elegance and Spirit and the poor Wretches who so justly fell under their Lashes were never before nor Since so exemplarily and so justly punished.\n          I hope my old Friend, will never meet the Fate of another Preacher of Egalite, who was I fear almost as sincere as himself. By The Law of Nature, all Men are Men and not Angells\u2014Men and not Lyons\u2014Men and not Whales Men and not Eagles\u2014That is they are all of the same Species. And this is the most that the Equality of Nature amounts to But Man differs by Nature from Man, almost as much as Man from Beast. The Equality of Nature is Moral and Political only and means that all Men are independent. But a Physical Inequality, an Intellectual Inequality of the most serious kind is established unchangeably by the Author of Nature\u2014 And Society has a Right to establish any other Inequalities it may judge necessary for its good.\n          The Precept however Do as you would be done by implys an Equality which is the real Equality of Nature and Christianity, and has been known and understood in all Ages before the Lt. G. of Massachusetts made the discovery in January 1784.\n          I am pleased to hear that the Court appointed again their late state Attorney.\u2014 Mr Dalton called on me a few Weeks ago to communicate to me a great Secret. The President had the Evening before took him aside and enquired of him very particularly concerning the Vice Presidents Son at Boston: his Age, his Practice, his Character &c &c &c at the Same time making great Inquiries concerning Mr Parsons of Newbury Port\u2014 From all which Mr D. conjectured that Mr Gore was to be appointed Attorney Gen. of U. S. and J. Q. Adams Attorney for the District.\u2014 I was somewhat allarmed and was determined to Advize my son to refuse it, if it should be so, though I did not beleive it.\u2014 I would not advize Mr J. Q. A. to play at small Games in the Executive of U. S.\u2014 I had much rather he should be State Attorney for Suffolk. Let him read Cicero & Demosthenes, much more eloquent than Madison & smith.\n          The rascally Lie about the Duke of York in a Cage at Paris and Toulon and all the English Fleet in the Hands of the Republick was fabricated on purpose to gull the Gudgeons and it completely Succeeded to my infinite mortifications. An Attempt was made to get me to read the red hot Lie in Senate in order to throw them into as foolish a Confusion as that below them: but I was too Old to be\ntaken in, at least by so gross an Artifice, the falshood of which was to me palpable.\n          You Apologize for the length of your Letters and I ought to excuse the shortness and Emptiness of mine. Yours give me more entertainment than all the speeches I hear. There is more good Thoughts, fine strokes and Mother Wit in them than I hear in the whole Week. An Ounce of Mother Wit is worth a Pound of Clergy\u2014 and I rejoice that one of my Children at least has an Abundance of not only Mother Wit, but his Mothers Wit\u2014 It is one of the most amiable and striking Traits in his Compositions\u2014 It appeared in all its Glory & severity in Barneveld.\n          If the Rogue has any Family Pride, it is all derived from the Same source. His Pa renounces and abjures every Trace of it. He has Curosity to know his descent and Comfort in the Knowledge that his Ancestors on both sides for several Generations have been innocent\u2014 But no Pride in this\u2014 Pomp Splendor, Office Title, Power, Riches are the sources of Pride, but even these are not excuse for Pride\u2014 The Virtues & Talents of Ancestors, should be considered as Examples and solem Trusts and Produce Meekness Modesty and Humity, least they should not be imitated & equelled. Mortification & Humiliation can be the only legitimate feelings of a Mind conscious that it falls short of its Ancestors in Merit.\n          I must Stop. / yours affectionately\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0031", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 4 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            private & secret\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia Feb. 4. 1794\n          The Indisposition of my ever honoured and beloved Mother gives me a very tender Anxiety\u2014 I hope she may yet get the better of her Disorder and enjoy a good share of Health\u2014 remember me to her in the most affectionate and dutiful manner\n          You ask me if I wish to give any Directions. I pray you not to let the good old Lady know that you have asked or I answered such a\nQuestion. But if the Melancholly Event should unhappily take Place, I desire to be at the whole Expence of a decent Funeral and pray My Brother to accept of all Claims from me of any share in whatever may be left. But if Health should be restored I pray you to burn this Letter and say not a Word of it to any one.\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0032", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 8 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n          I was very sorry to learn by your last Letters that you had little hopes of getting home till May. there are so many new Arrangments to make upon our places that I really feel unequal to the Task, but if it must be so, I will do the best I can according to my ability, and if I fail in the execution, you must at least allow for the intention. I would wish you to think what you would have done upon the several Farm\u2019s: Humphries is gone into the Country, and I doubt very much, whether Porter will not be so quidling that I shall not be able to agree with him. his woman is so weakly, and Maids are so nice now, that they cannot drive a Cow to pasture, &c I mentiond to you in a Former Letter that I had offers of several persons, and I have seen the Son, & daughter, of the Richards Family, and told them my Terms. they have them under consideration; I have inquired their Characters of Dr Tufts and he apprves of them. he thinks I could not do better. they are an able Family and have been used to a dairy upon a large scale. the young Man is a Shoe Maker, but would like to let himself for 6 or 8 months the rest of his Time he would work at his trade. what his terms would be he could not tell, yet. Shaw came down last week to let me know that he and Alice had a mind to come and live upon one of the places. I told him my terms, not quite so liberal as those you agreed to Porter, and he will come if we chuse. he brought with him a Man by the Name of Joy, a smart looking man who wanted to go upon a place, whose wife Shaw Says, made 9 hundred weight of Cheese last year from six cows\u2014 as I considerd one of the places engaged to Porter, I did not converse with him only as I told shaw that he might mention the Terms to him. I am determind however that Porter shall give me his answer in the course of a few Days\u2014 Thayer removed this week, and shaw would come by the first of March. Faxon does not go of till sometime in\nApril which will be inconvenient on some accounts, as the Team would be useful to us for much business before that time. I had thoughts of letting shaw; if you approve come into Thayers House by the first of March, and as he will not have any stock to look after, to employ him here to Tar trees, and in such other business as we have to do, or I will put him off till the first of April if you think best. if we keep a dairy only upon Thayers place, it will be best to place the Family there, who are the most accustomed to a large dairy and will not think much of the work. if we divide and keep a dairy upon both places; Shaw may be fixt at either place, as he is now a good deal used to a Team. if you thought it best not to commit either place to Shaw, he would like to come down, and take part of the H[ouse] in which Faxon, is & let himself here by the Year upon this place to work occasionally upon either. I wish you to consider of all these matters here is Arnold and Copland, as jealous of each other as two ministers of State, each of them eager to be employd and watching the motions of each other. I have not had much occasion for either, but that their Rivalry might not be too great, have employd them alternatly. if Young Stock is to be purchased what Month will it be best to Send out for it? if cows the beginning of April will be the best season Dr Tufts gave 18 dollors last week for a cow to calf in March\n          do you propose to sow grass-seed with the Barley? and what kind suppose I could get it. I purchasd Thayer Cheese press\u2014other things he took with him.\n          Cheeseman is in South Carolina instead of Boston. he has just escaped with his Life sufferd every thing both he his mate, and a Boy were washd over board. they recoverd the captain and mate, but lost the Boy. I fear your Trunk will be in bad plight if you ever get it. he lost every article of, of deck\n          I wish my dear Friend I could tell you that our parent was essentially better, but that would be flattering you further than I dare. her strength daily declines. her coughs is in some measure relieved. she does not suffer pain but I do not think she will ever go abroad again she may continue in this way, for some weeks, and she may sink in less than one I know you would not permit your Brother were you here to be at expences which sickness necessarily occasions in a Family, such as an extra fire, Candle Light, and other necessaries\u2014 I have attended to these things as well as to every comfort she May want, and would as far as in me lies, that she should not feel the want of an own daughter who has so well deserved from all her\nchildren. her Granddaughters are very attentive and good I have been with her every day when I have been well enough to go out, and shall so long as her Life is spaired. I am however fearfull of this Month on my own account, as two years it has been very unfortunate to me adieu I am just going to your Brothers. col Thayer departed this Life yesterday. Mrs Brisler and child are well, but mrs Feild is very dangerously sick\u2014 I am my dear Friends / most affectionatly yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0033", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 8 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia Feb. 8. 1794\n          I have recd yours of the 30th. Ult. and given the inclosed to son Thomas, who will do with it what he can.\n          Congress have been together, more than two Months and have done nothing, and will continue Sitting two Months longer, and do little. I for my part am wearied to death with Ennui\u2014 Obliged to be punctual by my habits, confined to my Seat, as in a Prison to see nothing done, hear nothing Said, and to Say and do nothing. Oh that my Rocks were here within a mile or two, and my little habitation and pretty littl Wife above all. Ah I fear that some fault unknown has brought upon me such Punishments to be Seperated both when We were too young and when We are too old.\n          I dont believe We shall adopt Mr Madisons Motions nor build a Navy: But if We do not purchase a Peace with the Algerines We shall all deserve to become their Captives.\n          The Genetians had a frolic on the 6th in commemoration of the Treaty and drank Toasts enough to get merry. so cordial so loving so\nfraternal, so neat and elegant, so sweet and pretty! have you read them. Franklin Bryant, Reed, Hutchinson & sargeant the Heroes. fit company for Dallas Mifflin & Genet.\u2014 No harm done however that I hear of.\u2014 a sharp shot or two at the President.\n          The Havock made in our Trade I fear will distress Us\u2014 I suspect that immense sums borrowed of Banks have fallen a sacrifice in France, as well as on the seas and When the day of Payment comes, more Credits must be given or Bankruptcies ensue. Borrowing of Banks for a trading Capital, is very unmercantile. However, We shall not go to War, and nothing is to be dreaded so much as that.\n          I fear The English will have all the West Indies leaving a little to Spain. This I dont like at all. We shall see what another Campain will do in Europe. If the English assist La Vendee, which if they had been cunning or wise they would have done last Year it is thought that Brittany Normandy and Pichardy will declare for a King: But of this there can be no certainty.\n          I am going to dinner at Mr Daltons with Judge & Mrs Cushing who will call on you on her return and tell you the News in the South.\n          My Mother I hope is growing better\u2014 Remember me to her tenderly\n          Tenderly says Eccho yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0035", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 10 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n          I have recd yours of Jan. 31.\u2014 And it has relieved me from a Melancholly which has hung upon me and been taken notice of by every body, since you wrote me of my Mothers illness\u2014 Present her my dutiful Affection and tell her that I hope to enjoy the Pleasure of her Company yet for many Years\u2014 That I am of her Opinion that she has the best Daughter and that the best Mother ought to have such a Daughter.\n          It is Day about with the Newsmongers. France is in not so good a Way. Even Mr Butler told me this day that \u201che turned away his Face and thoughts from France with Disgust and Horror.\u201d\u2014 A shambles is called a Republic\u2014And if they would but have read the Discourses on Davila they would have seen all this foretold in plain Language. St. Bartholomews Days are there said to be the natural and necessary Consequence of such a form of Government. And St. Bartholomews Days will endure as long As the form of Government\u2014 Aussi longtems qu\u2019il plaira a Dieu.\n          I am weary of this eternal Indecision. I wish for the Times when Old sam. and Old John conducted with more Wisdom and more success. This is Egotism enough to deserve the Guillotine to be sure but I cannot but recollect old sc\u00e6nes, and old Results.\u2014\n          The Rascals are now abusing the President as much as ever they abused me\u2014 And We shall see that A life of disinterested Devotion to the Publick is no more sacred in him than in another. In this Days Paper he is compared to Cosmo De Medicis to sylla to C\u00e6sar: and charged with arbitrary illegal Conduct in many particulars particularly in the Proclamation respecting Duplaine.\n          He cannot get out, any more than the Stirling, but I believe he desires it as fevently. I am determin\u2019d to be saucy and I say that a Parcell of ignorant Boys who know not a rope in the ship, have the Vanity to think themselves able seamen.\n          We ought to authorize the President in perfect Secrecy to go as far as two hundred Thousand Pounds to obtain a perpetual Peace with the Algerines\u2014 Build a few Frigates if you will but expect they will be useless because unmanned.\u2014 But there is not a Member of either House who is not more master of the Subject than I am\u2014 so I should be modest\n          yours as ever", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0037", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to Thomas Boylston Adams, 13 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, Thomas Boylston\n            My dear Brother\n          I received by the last post your favour enclosing a draft upon the branch Bank, for 100 dollars.\n          The political speculations of which your fraternal feelings have formed so favourable a judgment, originated in motives at least as disinterested, as are the common sources of patriotism. That a literary reputation is an object of Ambition to the writer, it would be false and absurd to deny. That the public mind, required some light upon the subjects discussed, at the time of their appearance, I believe is true. But political ambition was not in the smallest degree concerned in the production.\u2014 If those writings have done any service, to the cause of real Liberty, and of my Country, I am amply rewarded; and if my vanity has been flattered by the approbation of my friends, it was but a momentary exultation, which immediately vanished, and left me in possession of all the humility ever allotted to me.\n          I know very well, that my own opinion ranks me in the scale of importance, at least as high as I deserve; that it rates my powers perhaps more than at their full value. Yet my success in the world\nhas not hitherto been such as to feed my vanity very plenteously. Though advanced almost to the age of thirty, I have no political existence, and my ideas of Liberty and Government, are so widely distant from the fashion of the day, that they are much more likely to be injurious than beneficial to my advancement. At the bar after nearly four years practice, I remain obscure and unknown; without any expectation of brilliant success, and scarcely with the Hope of obtaining with all the industry in the power of Man, and with integrity unblemished, even a decent subsistence. Surely then as far as success is the criterion of talents, I have no Reason to be vain.\n          From what I have last said, you will not I trust conclude that I am discontented with my present situation. My greatest fear for myself at present is, that I shall grow too easy, careless and indolent.\n          My profession at present gives me bread, and my business, however slowly seems gradually to improve. At our late Court of Sessions, I acted again in behalf of the Commonwealth: and again was in every instance of indictment successful.\u2014 At the Court of Common Pleas which sat at the same time, I argued three Causes to the Jury, and obtained two verdicts. Our Supreme Court, sits here the next week, and I shall be engaged in several Causes which are for trial; two or three of them important. So that you may conclude I am not entirely idle. I am still however upon probation and still consider all my professional employment as accidental and precarious.\n          We have this day a Town-meeting to consider what measures they will take to secure their carrying trade.\u2014 I shall not attend it. The measure is perfectly Jacobin, and I am afraid they will do something foolish. I do not like altogether the complexion of this Town\u2019s present sentiments, and the democratical Societies, are much more dangerous than a pestilence. Parties grow warm and bitter. There must be a critical time for the present Government, and that crisis I think is fast approaching.\u2014 I will keep myself out of troubled waters as long as possible.\n          Present my compliments to Mrs: Wilson, and tell her that the Heart which even her charms could not unlock and expand; must have been reserved and unsocial indeed. The frost must be rigorous indeed, which is not disolved by a solstitial Sun.\n          The other Boston Ladies at Philadelphia, particularly the Miss Brecks\u2019, are often present to my mind, and are very pleasing in remembrance. They cannot be admired beyond their merits And\nwhatever pleasure their presence gives to the new place of their residence, it is at least equall\u2019d by the regret which their absence leaves in that of their former abode.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0039", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 17 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia February 17. 1794\n          We have done nothing hitherto, but prevent our Countrymen from plunging blindfold into a War, with they know not whom, and for they know not what. If We continue to sit till June, and do no more nor less We shall do well.\n          Tomorrow the Senate is to discuss the Election of Mr Gallatin, with their Doors open for the first Time. Whether a Vote will be carried for building a Gallery or for keeping the Doors open upon other Occasions of Legislative and Judiciary Business I know not.\n          You gave me, in one of your late Letters, one of your sly Jokes about Family Pride. I answer in the Words of Horace which I desire your son and mine to translate for you and study well for himself.\n            Longe mea discrepat istis\n            Et Vox et Ratio, nam Si natura juberet\n            A certis annis \u00e6vum remeare peractum\n            Atque alios legere ad fustum quosumque parentes\n            Optarit Sibi quisque: meis contentus, honestos\n            Fascibus et Sellis nollem mihi Sumere; demens\n            Judicio Vulgi, Sanus fortasse tuo. Hor. Satyr. 6. line 92. &c\n          It is not however the less true, as He says line 33 &c\n            Sic qui promittit Cives, Urbem Sibi cur\u00e6,\n            Imperium fore, et Italiam, et delubra Deorum;\n            Quo patre Sit natus, num ignot\u00e2 matre in honestus\n            Omnes mortales curare et qu\u00e6rere cogit.\n          nor is it less true as he says in the 19th Line\n            populus L\u00e6vino mallet honorem\n            Quam Decio mandare novo;\n          You may however tell John that he is in more danger of loosing Attention from the fault of Virgil than from Family Pride. He may read it in the 3d Satyr. v. 30.\n            rideri possit eo quod\n            Rustici\u00f9s tonso toga defluit, et male laeus\n            In pede calceus h\u00e6ret, at est bonus, ut melior Vir\n            Non alius quisquam; at tibi Amicus: at ingenium ingens\n            Inculto latet hoc Sub corpore.\n          There I have given you Riddes enough to vex you\n          I have shipped an hundred Weight of Clover seed and twelve Quarts of Herds Grass, which is to be sown, one half of it at least in the last Years Corn field with the Barley. Brisler has shipped some Rye flour.\n          It is nearly time for our Tar Brushes to be brandishing round the Appletrees.\n          John, I hope has an Abundance of Business, which takes up all his Time, for that fact is the only admissable Excuse for his not writing me.\n          Tell him to remember, that a Writer whose drift is to foment Prejudices, will be more popular than one who Strives to moderate or correct them, though the former should he honestus and the latter Columbus. Let not the Conclusion be, to imitate the inflamers of popular Passions. Tis better to Serve than to please the People: and they in time will be Sensible of it.\n          The People like a Mistress must not be courted with too much Complaisance\u2014 They must be kept at a distance. The Moment either find you are their slave they will tyrannize. The People can do nothing for John at present but Mischief.\n          affectionately", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0040", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 17 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n          I this day recd your favours of the 8. and 12th. but how this last could have leaped to this distance in five days I know not.\n          It is impossible to Say precisely when Congress will rise: but I will go home as soon as possible; I hope in April. I am very willing to confide all Arrangements to you\u2014 I like shaw and his Wife: and I like Richards and Joy from your Account of them.\u2014 We will try a dairy at each house: ten Cows at Thayers and Ten at Faxons\u2014but they must all go to Pasture up Pens hill, till after, mowing the fresh Meadows. I wish you to buy as many Yearling Calves and two year olds as you can\u2014and Cows to make up the No. 20 reserving two for our own home. I have sent an 100 Wt of Clover seed and twelve Quarts of herds Grass.\u2014 Shaw may go into Thayers House the first of March if he will, and if you have not other Employment he may mow Bushes in the Pasture opposite.\u2014 I shall plant again where Faxon planted last Year.\u2014 The Fences should be put up as early as may be, and the manure carted in season.\n          My Mothers Indisposition continues to affect me most sensibly: I hope for her Blessing on you and me and on all our Posterity\u2014and I thank you for your tender Care and watchful Attention to her, and I hope you will continue to supply every Want as far as may be in our Power. As We are not to live long in this earthly Residence, she\nhas remained longer, and fullfilled every Duty of Life better than Mankind in general, and We shall again meet her I hope in a better World. This is scarcely worthy of Persons of her Character. She goes to the World where our Fathers are gone, and We must soon follow.\n          I am with every tender sentiment yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0041", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, ca. 20 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n          The post of the last saturday was the first for a long period, which faild of bringing me a Letter from you. I should have been more anxious but that I received one from you on the wedensday preceeding: you say so many handsome things to me respecting my Letters that you ought to fear making me vain. since however we may appreciate the enconiums of the world, the praises of those whom we Love, and esteem, are the more dangerous because we are led to believe them the most Sincere.\n          When I read in your Letter the communication made you by mr D\u2014\u2014 I drew a very different conclusion from it. from what he did, I believe the P. had some hint of the writer of certain peices and was led to make those inquiries respecting the Master, and the pupil that he might the better judge, whether the Pupil was alone capable of writing them. I am much better pleasd that this should have been his object, than the appointment mr D. sugested have taken place\u2014if I have Pride, and Ambition, it would not have been gratified by that for instead of benefiting, or advancing our son, it would have Created envy, injured him in his present prospect of increasing buisness, and have been a feather whose point would have proved a sting he has acquired to himself by his writings his abilities and his general Character for information a Reputation which his enemies fear, and which cannot be combated by any imputation upon his Life and manners. Americanus is so sensible of this that he thinks it better to appear upon Friendly terms than otherways. I wish I could impute to this Man any thing, but sinester views. the Two Gentlemen were engaged in an insurence cause before Referees lately, a Cause of considerable concequence in which a vessel and Cargo were involved. the vessel was sent to the west Indias & there lost. the cargo was put on Board a Spanish vessel & was captured by French privateer the Question was; were the underwriters liable for\nthe Cargo. in the course of the Argument, this learnd Gentleman, advanced that by our Treaty with Spain such & such things were stipulated. not by Treaty sir replied his opponent. still he went on either really through Ignorance or wickedness, with our Treaty with Spain. no Treaty sir, I beg your pardon sir, we never had a Treaty with Spain. the cause was finally adjuged in favour of the defendents, very fully. a few days after mr S\u2014\u2014n sent to request the favour of speaking with A\u2014\u2014s. he went nothing could exceed his servility I must call it. I wish Brother A to engage you in a cause with me, the circumstances are so & so. I am much engaged at present in the impeachment of mr Hunt, and I wish you to take the whole Charge of it upon yourself so saying he gave him a handsome fee and they parted. what a Character?\u2014\n          Prince Edward saild last sunday. he sent his Aids to visit the L\u2014\u2014r Governour but would not go himself. he dinned with mrs Hancock and was visited by many Gentlemen in Town. he went to the assembly with mr Russel, and danced with mrs Russel he went to visit the colledge, but I did not hear that he had any curiosity to see Bunker Hill. he related an Annecdote at the table of the English Consul. as he was comeing from Quecbeck he stopd at an Inn, where an Elderly Countrymen desired to see him. after some bowing &c the Countryman said, I hear you are King Georges son. they tell me so said the Prince. and pray how do you like this Country. why very well replied his Highness\u2014and how do you think your Father lik\u2019d to lose it? why not half as well as I should like to live in it replied the Prince which answer pleasd the countrymen. I hear he took Notice of all the French Refugees, and offerd any of them a passage with him to the west Indias. his stay here was very short and it was best it should be so.\n          There are new Rumours prevailing that Touloun is recaptured &c it is said to be one of the enigmas of Pythagoris, \u201cwhen the winds rise, worship the Echo,[\u201d] which has been thus interpreted: when rumours increase, and when their is abundance of Noise and Clamour, believe the second report. if Congress had attended to this, they would not have been sported with for their credulity.\n          you will be sick enough of Politicks by next May I fancy to long after your Rocks and Hills, and I shall be sick enough of Hills and Rocks by that time to wish you joy of them, and that you may like Popes happy Man, be \u201cContent to breath your Native Air, on your own Grounds\u201d those who can be usefull in all states, are compared to gentle streams, that not only glide through lonely valleys and\nforests, amidst the flocks and the shepherds, but visit populous, Towns in their course and are at once of ornament and use.\n          you hinted in a former Letter as tho a Friend of our was panting after something.\n            \u201cWho pants for glory finds but short repose\n            A Breath revives him, or a Breath o\u2019erthrows\u201d\n          I wish he would seek the substance and no longer grasp a shadow\n          I must not close this Letter without informing you that our Parent remains much in the state as when I wrote last. exhausted nature appears to be seeking repose, and the sitting sun will go down calmly and serenly, and rise to a more perfect day, freed from the clogs of Mortality which now encumber it. for that inevitable lot may you and I my Dear Friend ever be ready is the Ardent Prayer of / Your", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0043", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 23 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n          The Birthday was celebrated Yesterday with as much Joy affection and Festivity as ever, and as it happened the New French Minister was then presented. Poor Genet I fear is undone\u2014 Bad as his Conduct has been I cannot but pity him. What will become of him I know not. The Name of his Successor is Fauchet. Gloomy as I was in expectation daily of afflicting News from home, I contented myself with paying my Respects to The President with the senate but I thought it would not become me to be present at the Ball of a saturday night, especially at a time when I could not get it out of my Thoughts that my venerable Parent might be closing her Eyes forever.\n          The Senate has been Several Days trying a contested Election of Mr Gallatin, with their Doors open. It is at length determined that a Gallery is to be built and our Debates public, at the next session of\nCongress. What the Effect of this measure, which was at last carried by a great Majority, will be, I know not: but it cannot produce greater Evils than the Contest about it, which was made an Engine to render unpopular some of the ablest and most independent Members. some of the younger Members may descend from their Dignity so far perhaps as to court Popularity at the Expence of Justice Truth and Wisdom, by flattering the prejudices of the Audience but I think they will loose more Esteem than they will acquire by such means.\n          If my Mother still lives present her my Duty and tender sympathy under her Affliction.\n          I am with every tender sentiment / yours forever\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0044", "content": "Title: Mary Smith Gray Otis to Abigail Adams, 23 February 1794\nFrom: Otis, Mary Smith Gray\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            Philadelphia Feby 23d 1794\n          I am quite ashamed my dear Mrs Adams that I have so long neglected writeing to you, indeed I can make but a very poor excuse for so doing, & must depend wholly on your candor to excuse my neglegence.\n          You wish to know how your acquaintance are, Mrs Washington enjoys as much health as can be expected at her time of life, and her spirits are better than I expected to find them. Mrs Powell, I am told is still very much distresed. Mrs Morris, Mrs Hamilton, & Mrs Dalton, are in very good health & spirits.\u2014 You would not suppose were you here, from anything you saw, that this had been a place of so much distress, as it really was, the last summer;\u2014the only impression it seems to have made, is, to secure a retreat, in case the fever should appear again. It is said there is not a room to be let within 10 miles of Philadelphia.\u2014\n          The assembles have commenced, & the new Theatre is opened notwithstanding the opposition made to it by the Quakers; it is attended with great egerness, I restrain my curiosity till the crowd have done going.\n          There has not been any large partys amongst the married ladys, but the young ones, say, they have been more disapated this winter,\nthan they ever were before, there haveing been so many private balls.\u2014\n          Yesterday was the Presidents birthday, & was observed with every mark of respect, in the eveg: was a splended ball. I did not pay my respects by attending, for two reasons; the force of Education & habit, was so strong on my mind, that I could not help thinking it would encroch too near upon the Sabbath, the other that I should not be mised in the crowd.\u2014\n          Your good gentleman I think enjoys his health very well, he some times says he is not, but he looks fat & hearty, I rather think he is more homesick, & times-sick, than bodily indisposed.\u2014\n          My love to Mrs Cranch, Louisa, and all other friends. Mr Otis & Harriet desire their kind remembrances to you, we all enjoy good health, excep[ting] Saml Otis, who has kept house for 3 weeks, with the same complaint which has afflicted him all the last Summer.\u2014That you may enjoy a confirmd state of health, is the fervent wish of / Your Affectionate Cousin", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0045", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 26 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my Dearest Friend\n          Not receiveing any Letters on saturday evening I was so impatient that I sent James to Town on sunday afternoon, and he brought me home your kind favours of the 8th 9th & 10th of this Month; I do not omit writing to you once a week, and sometimes twice\n          The late King of Prussia Said that every age must commit its own follies, and that the experience of others was but of little benifit to them. \u201cNational corruption must be purged by National\nCalamities. A real reformation is not to be accomplish\u2019d by ordinary means; it requires those extraordinary means which become punishments as well as lesson\u2019s,\u201d were the observations of a great Politician: whether France will ever emerge from the horrids Scenes, that deluge her with carnage, havock, and Blood, \u201cis in the dark Gloom and abyss of Time\u201d there present situation is well pictured in the following line\n            \u201cThe Sacred arts of rule\n            Turn\u2019d to flagitious leagues against mankind\n            And arts of plunder more & more avow\u2019d\n            Devotion turn\u2019d to a Solemn farce\n            To holy dotage virtue; even to guile,\n            To Murder, and a mockery of oaths;\n            Dishonour\u2019d courage to the Bravo\u2019s trade\n            To civil Broil; and Glory to romance\n            Alass poor Gallia! What a bitter cup\n            of vengeance hast thou drain\u2019d?\n            How many a ruffian form hast thou beheld?\n            What horrid jargons heard, where rage alone\n            Was all thy frighted ear could comprehend?\n            How frequent by the red inhumane hand\n            yet warm with Brother\u2019s husbands, Fathers Blood,\n            Hast thou thy Matrons and thy virgins seen\n            To voilation dragg\u2019d, and mingled death\u201d\n          you ask me what mr Wibird says now to the French. he says that he believes that they will all go to the Devil and that they deserve to, but still insists that they never would have gone to such dreadfull lengths if they had not been invaded and driven to Desperation by foreign powers, and that future generations will be benifitted by their calamity. The abuse upon the President which you mention, but which I do not see, proves that the most virtuous and unblemishd Characters are liable to the Malice and venom of unprincipald Wretches. Such virtue such disinterested Patriotism when thus requited, has frequently become Tyranical, and unlesss mankind were universally enlightned, which never can be. they are unfit for freedom, nor do I belive that our Creator designd it for them if such a Boon had been designd for them, all Ages and Nations from Adam to the present day would not have been one standing continued and universal proof to the contrary. Some were made for Rule others for submission, and even amongst my own Sex this doctrine holds\ngood. History informs us that of the few Queens who have reigned for any length of Time as absolute Sovereigns the greatest part of them have been celebrated for excellent Governours. Pliny, tells us that in Meroe, Women reigned for many Successive ages\u2014 among the Lacedemonians, the women had a great share in the political government; and that it was agreeable to the Laws given them by Licurgns in Borneo, the women Reign alone, and their Husbands enjoy no other privilege than that of being their most dignified Subjects; but as Reigning and Ruling is so much out of fashion at the present day, my ambition will extend no further than Reigning in the Heart of my Husband. that is my Throne and there I aspire to be absolute.\n          you will see in the Centinal a very vapid answer to a very vapid speach, and the estimation in which it was held, by the committe appointed to carry it. I have read with pleasure two very judicious papers in the Centinal taken from a Phyladelphia paper under the signature of Americanus. such writers are wise and salutary;\n            \u201coh Peace! thou source and soul of social Life\n            Blest be the Man divine, who gives us thee\u201d\n          I have deliverd your message to your Mother. she bids me tell you that she leaves you her Blessing, that she request your remembranc of her to the Throne of Mercy, that she is hastning to an other and a better Country, where she hopes one day to meet You, but that here she shall never see you more, and of this opinion I am daily more and more, as her decay becomes more and more visible a few weeks if not days must put a period to a long and to a very irreproachable Life. my constant attendance upon her has very much lessned my desire of long life. her fears least she should recover & become useless, her appearing to have out lived every enjoyment, shews that life at best is but a poor play, and the best that can come of it. it is a misirable Benediction.\n          these Reflections exclude any further addition to my Letter, than the sincerest which / I can make you of being ever / yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0046", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 28 February 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n              my Dearest Friend\n            I yesterday received your favours of the 17th of this Month. I was attending at the sick Bed of our dear Parent, from whence for six weeks I have been very seldom absent unless a Nights; my Health would not permit me to be with her then. she you will find by a letter received before this Date, had anticipated your wishes, and sent you her blessing. upon me she hourly bestows them, and I never quit her but with her gratefull acknowledgments to me for every little attention I can render her even to giving me pain. she is weaker, her decline is gradual, but thank God she does not suffer severe pain. I have past through this month without being confined as in two former years. I have had a slight attack or two, but by taking an Emetick it went off. I cannot feel sufficiently thankfull as I have been enabled to \u201cMake Langour smile, & smooth the Bed of Death\u201d\n            I sent your Lattin to John. I should like to puzzel you as much; I have not said a word of the late movements in Boston. as he was upon the spot, I supposed he would give you an accurate statement of them. you will learn before this reaches, you that the Feaderialists carried their points, and by a very great Majority. not only this, but I was assured yesterday that they were determind, that Honestus should quit the Senate & Jarvis the House at the next Election, & that Judge Cushing should be placed in the Chair. we shall soon see if they have the wisdom and power they claim. this meeting\noriginated with the Jacobin Society who have received a check from which they will not soon recover. I was much diverted with the account I received yesterday of a certain weather cock. the General court were sitting upon the Impeachment of Hunt, and this person was obliged to leave the meeting to attend. when he went out of the meeting he was with the Majority who were in favour of some resolves which past at a former meeting during his absence the reasoning & Arguments of the Minority became so convincing that in poling for the vote the Minority had now become the Majority. just as this juncture he returnd, and upon entering the Hall, he limp\u2019d first to one side, & then to the other not knowing in the croud what had happend, and finally fix\u2019d himself in the Minority, upon which an acquaintance, cry\u2019d out \u201cah Jemmy thou art caught this time\u201d to the utter dismay of the Camelion\n            you observe that Congress have done little Buisness\u2014except preserve their Country from going to War. that is a service inestimable in my account, and time and disenssion have unfolded to this people the views and designs of Foreign courts and countries towards them, which will ultimately benefit them.\n            I thank you for the Register which will be very usefull to me. I Received mr Brislers Letter and Bill of layding. you will give directions what ground you would have Sowed and what planted with corn. I am now so full of Buisness that I scarcly know which to do first. I have 5 Hands & two Teams employd in Sliding the stones over the pond. we have had hard frosts, and now a slight snow of a couple of Inches which we are improving whilst it lasts. the Ground has yet kept so hard frozen that I have not heard of a single person who have begun taring. we shall begin with the first we have a large Quantity of posts & Rails brought which as Belcher is so good a hand at making that he will go to it as soon as he can we have not yet got all our wood home. shaw I expect in about a week or ten days at furthest. I shall place him at present upon the upper place. Porter was not satisfyd with the Terms you offerd, and I did not make any new ones to him. I cannot yet say who will go upon the other place. when the land is cleard & sweetned we may increase our stock. Cows and all stock is high 18 & 20 dollors is the price of a good Cow. Faxon has two already calf\u2019d, but I could not prevail with him to raise the calfs. We have one which is raising and 9 Lambs. we have not yet lost any, but we are obliged to feed the sheep with corn. if Belcher thinks we can accommodate more cows here I will buy three as soon as I can. we have Salt Hay in abundance. we \ncannot put any more stock upon the other place to feed with Hay, as the Hay must be divided upon the 20 of May & Faxon is very contrary, tho he does himself as he pleases\u2014 I had some trouble to get his Team for the Buisness we are about we must hire the peice of land belonging to the Heirs of Thayers Sister. I think he told me that he gave four pounds the last year and that a Major Penniman is Guardian. I rather think we shall conclude to take the Man who accompanied shaw and of whom Shaw gives a good Character, as upon dr Tufts inquiry respecting Richards it proved a Family different from the one he supposed it to be. I can have joy if I chuse & upon the same terms with shaw which is that of only finding wood during the Summer. Young Stock must be sent out after. I shall have occasion for the following large Articles, a Load of English Hay some time in March a Barrel of Rum a Barrel of Molasses and a hundred of Brown Sugar which would be best purchased soon, as their is a prospect from the fluctuating state of things that they will be much higher. I have a prospect of 8 Barrels of cider. I should be glad you would let Brisler procure me a couple of Barrels super fine flower and 50 wt of loaf sugar which last will be a years stock for me. you will think whether it is best to send some Porter round.\u2014\n            Newcombs papers came Safe. Arnold is with me and I shall engage him through the Month of March. there is no want of Buisness.\n            I hope my Health may be continued and then I shall go through every care with pleasure provided I can give satisfaction. I am now and ever / most affectionatly / Yours,\n            your Mother is Still Living and no otherways worse than weaker", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0047", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 2 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia March 2d. 1794\n          The Senate were obliged to Spend the whole of the last Week, in a Solemn Tryal of the Election of Mr Gallatin: and I find that a great Impression has been made upon the Public, by the Learning Eloquence and Reasoning of Some of the Senators. The Decision has given general Satisfaction.\n          That Popularity was more courted than Truth by a few Individuals, I fear will be the Judgment of some of the most enlightened and independent Spectators.\n          I have been again unfortunate at Sea. The Vessell in which I shipped my Grass seeds and two Barrells of Rye flour for you has been run down and sunk in the River by a large ship. most of the Cargo was Saved but whether my Adventure was saved or lost I have not yet learned.\n          The Weather, to Day has been very warm and the snow which generally covered the Earth this Morning is I presume nearly gone. The Spring will advance with rapid Strides and I shall be impatient to be at home: but I cannot prevail upon myself to ask leave of Absence from my Post at this critical Time, when We know not what Questions or Events a day may bring forth.\n          The new French Minster, M. Fauchet is about 33. He is not quite So unreserved as his Predecessor: but he Seems to me to be in great distress. He was received by the Galleries in the Theatre with three Cheers: but the People have not addressed him or made much Noise about him. at the Birthnight Ball, he was placed by the Managers on the right hand of the President, which gave great Offence to the Spanish Commissioners: and it is Said Mr Hammond has left the Theatre, offended or digusted at some partial popular distinctions there.\n          My melancholly Anxiety for my Mother prevents me from visiting Theatres and Assemblies, so that I know nothing but by Hearsay.\n          The Discussions of last Week kept me five or Six hours a day in so close a Confinement and the Croud of Hearers injured the Air, so that I was almost Sick but a Day or two of rest has relieved me in some degree.\n          I long for my home, but that is not to be my felicity for some time.\n          I am as ever most entirely / yours\n            young Mr Otis is here Under Dr shippens hands in a very disagreable situation. Thomas Lee shippen is in a dangerous Way.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0048", "content": "Title: John Adams to Charles Adams, 2 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Charles\n            Dear Charles\n            Philadelphia March 2. 1794\n          What! are my venerable Old Friend Gates, and my respectable old Acquaintance Osgood, and my intimate Connection W. S. Smith, about becoming Town Meeting Men and to aid the Democratical Societies, the Constitutional Societies and the Jacobinical Clubbs, in their Attempts to overawe the Government of their Country? or is the Object to divide the People into Parties? or to force Us into a War Nolens Volens, Nolentes Volentes? or what does it all mean?\n          Is it Clintonian Electioneering? or is it that Osgood and Smith are setting Up for Representatives? Was you at the Meeting? What says the Wise Baron to all this? tell me Charles all about it in Confidence\u2014 Dont let any of them know that I asked the Questions or that you answered them.\n          Let me know another Thing is Mr Burr a Man of Such ample Fortune as to purchase Richmond Hill and large Additions to it, make Improvements of very expensive kinds and all this? Is the Practice of Law such a mine of Gold with You? Has he moreover so great a share of that Practice?\n          We have been a Week with our Doors open trying Mr Gallatins Election: and have had much sterling Sense, much sound Law, much strong Reasoning much harmonious Eloquence and much brilliant Action: but We have had Some puerile Declamation, some Party Spirit, some miserable sophistry, some transports of Passion, and Some ignorant unintelligible Jargon. The Ballance however was greatly for the Honour and Dignity of the senate, and the Decision just and right.\u2014 Be discreet and secret. dont expose these free strictures which are intended for your confidential Use & Amusement.\n          What Figure did you make with your Cause? Dont make me wait a Week now, for an Answer.\n          I am, with usual regard\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0049", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to John Adams, 2 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, John\n          You will doubtless hear before this reaches you, the event of a Town-meeting which was called here lately for the purpose of helping forward Mr: Madison\u2019s resolutions, and of intimidating our respresentatives who opposed them. After great [exertion] had been made to raise a Committee ready for every thing, [and the?] Committee had reported a number of resolves to answer [their purpo]ses, a very decided majority of a crowded town-meeting, voted to adjourn without day, and did not even hear a discussion of the resolves. The lurking serpent was perceived and avoided. The commercial part of the Town were almost unanimous, and the aversion to any measures which might be productive of War, appeared very decidedly to be the prevailing sentiment with the citizens of every description. The Jacobins were completely discomfited, and will have the mortification to find their intended poison, operate as an invigorating cordial.\n          The arrival of the new Minister from France, and recall of Genet is another circumstance of mortification to the same party. They are not yet sure that Mr: Fauchet, will imitate his predecessor by connecting himself and his Country with a desperate Faction intent upon the ruin of our own Government, and while that remains an uncertainty they feel extremely fearful of losing their main support. I hope however that the new plenipoteniary, will pursue a different system, and that we shall still be permitted to remain at Peace.\n          Our Supreme Court has been sitting about a fortnight. Without being overburthened with business, I have on my hand[s sufficie]nt to employ almost all my time, and to keep upon my mind, a continual anxiety, which unfits me for any thing else. This will be my excuse, for having so long neglected to write you.\n          Since the contest between Americanus and Barneveld, the reputed author of the former, has treated me with an unusual degree of civility. He has even in one or two causes of considerable consequence, advised his client\u2019s to engage me.\u2014 I know the Man, and shall have as little dependence upon his kindness, as I have fear of his resentment. I know he will never injure me, while I keep myself out of the reach of his malice.\n          My mother I presume gives you constant information respecting the state of my Grandmother\u2019s health. She has had a long illness, and still continues in a dangerous situation. At her age every disorder is alarming; we have hopes however that she will yet recover.\u2014 The rest of our friends, here, and at Quincy are well.\n          The abandonment of Toulon by the fleet of England and Spain, and recapture of the place by the French republicans is our most recent European intelligence, and that is not yet fully authenticated. We have no late arrivals from Europe here, though I believe some are soon expected.\n          I remain Dear Sir, your affectionate Son", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0050", "content": "Title: Charles Adams to John Adams, 5 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, Charles\nTo: Adams, John\n            My dear Father\n          I have this moment received your letters to the third instant. In answer to the queries respecting The meeting of the Citizens on\n          thursday last I can say that for about a week before the day proposed for the assemblage a Card was inserted in our newspapers inviting the inhabitants to convene on that day to consider the impediments which had been thrown in the way of our Commerce by Great Britain and to pass some resolves declarative of their sentiments upon the subject and to send instructions to our Representatives in Congress relative to the propositions which have agitated the lower house You are acquainted with the violence of the party who style themselves democrats seventy five men Friends to the French Revolution &ca I wrote you last summer an account of some of their proceedings Taking advantage of the moment, plausibly pretending that the virtuous inhabitants of the town of Boston to whose opinion much respect is paid by all clases of people in this City had found it necessary to direct their Representatives contrary to the votes they had given This party upon the day appointed appeared A warning had the evening before been inserted in our paper cautioning any who were opposed to the French revolution any who were not strict Democrats to appear of attempt to use any influence at the meeting. At the first gathering of Citizens on thursday the Cloven foot was discovered and The Democratic Society stood exposed to view The weather cock politics of the Livingstons is not unknown to you They were active in the scene The first Orator was a Mr White Matlack an excommunicated Quaker who for lesser crimes had long since been read out of their Society and who since by fraudulent bankruptcies defrauding widows and filching the poor pittance of the Orphan had sufficiently brazened his face for advocating a total neglect of payment of our debts to England the favorite subject upon which he discanted. The Livingstons came next The detestation of Hamilton and all his proceedings begged in head and ears Indian Wars Algerine depredations British impositions Generosity of France all these were consequences of The Chancellors dissappointment in not obtaining the place of Secretary of the Treasury\u2014 About a thousand Satellites were collected The Committee all previously arranged and everything was swallowed One person who attempted to speak against the tide was hissed threatened to the thrown over the ballustrade and forced to silence. Many of those who were upon the Committee appointed were not at the meeting In answer to your questions respecting Your old friends I will tell you my sincere opinion Gates is superannuated Smith turned fool and Osgood I fear a [knave?] The two former are tools of the Livingstons Col Smith was taken by his foible vanity and put\nupon a Committee to serve their purposes I speak and write my sentiments very freely and if there is any fault in it I must charge those who made me for I am very sure it was born with me. We are tomorrow to consider the resolutions which have been entered into They are indeed very harmless a mere declaration of a few maxims of the laws of Nature and Nations Viz Resolved that a Nation has a right to remain neuter when not inconsistent with existing treaties Resolved that if Nations at war endeavour to prevent that neutrality they act unjustly.\n          Resolved that when nations at war take the ships or goods of the Citizens of Neutral nations unless contraband they do an injury.\n          Resolved that Great Britain has not fulfilled her treaties by not giving up the Western posts &ca Resolved that if Our Rulers should think it necessary to go to war we will submit to the expence. My opinion is if Mr Watts did not know all these things before his Constituents as they call themselves had laid them down he is very unfit for the office he holds They do not however pretend to instruct their Representative which is a modesty I hardly expected. The Chamber of Commerce has publicly called upon all those who have sustained injuries to come forward to them and make complaint They met last evening upon the business Every body would have expected that they would have been fully engaged Not a single complaint except one Captn of a Vessel for some slight offence committed by the Ambuscade. I am not surprized at this I have learned not to be surprised at any thing. By last evenings paper I find that the Committee in Boston had reported and that after some debate The meeting had been adjourned sine die There is certainly a great degree of good sense in that people, They meet together in large bodies discuss subjects of great magnitude with calmness take questions deliberately and separate without broken heads. In this City parties have different meetings where those of different sentiments are in a measure excluded So that meeting is opposed to meeting Resolutions set up against Resolutions and each party strenuous to puff the numerous concourse and Respectable assemblage which they have been able to call together in all the newspapers in town. Mr Burr\u2019s practice must be lucrative Chancery business and that of the Court for the Correction of Errors is what he principally engages in. He has however a very expensive family and is generally supposed to be involved. I managed as well in my last causes as possible that is to say by the help of good Counsel I gained them no more is permitted an Attorneys business consists in drawing pleadings well I am\npretty accurate at that. I wrote a long letter to you respecting Mr G\u2019s reception Proclamations and neutrality you have not acknowledged the receipt. Adieu My dear father beleive me your / Affectionate son\n            Charles Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0051", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 8 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            My dearest Friend\n          Half an hour ago your kind Letters of Febry 23 & 25 were brought to me. I was at my station the Bed of our Parent when they were deliverd, who again renewd Her blessing with the Testimony of your having been always a kind and dutifull son. my duty towards her as your parent, and as an excellent woman whom I love respect and Revere shall in all points be fulfilld, but the scene is sometimes too much for me, and pains me to the Heart. I will not afflict you by the recital. last Night an ulcer upon her Lungs broke & dischargd to day\nshe seems rather Easier. I have left her just to return home and dine. mr storer brought me your Letters, and by his return to Boston I have wrote you a few Lines. I deliberated some time whether I should write you at all till I could say our dear Parent was at rest. I now most Sincerely join with her in hopeing that the hour will speedily arrive for she has finishd her course and done the work assignd her, and I doubt not she goes to reap the Reward of a well spent Life. God Grant you the support & comfort you need\n          Under a Bereavement which my next Letter must to all Humane appearance inform you of, most affectionatly yours\n            tell mrs otis I will write her when my mind is more at ease", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0053", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 8 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia March 8. 1794\n          Your Favours of Feb. 26 and Feb. (blank) arrived not till last night. They deserve my best Thanks on all accounts. They are full of Entertainment and Instruction.\n          S. is as Slippery as an Eel: He is not worth quarrelling with: but certainly is not to be trusted:\u2014 His Treaty with Spain is a great\nCuriosity. I am really at a loss to guess, whether it was Ignorance or Impudence. He has so much of both, and at the Same time so much Imagination and Volubility, as to make a Character quite original. As John has whipped him at the Whipping Post, with at least thirty nine lashes, well laid on, and can lash him again or set him in the Pillory whenever he deserves it, it is not worth his while to break with him in any other Way. There are no moral Feelings in him which John can ever confide in or attach himself to. Honour, Fidelity Sincerity, Friendship, Gratitude, Candour, are not, locked up in that Casket.\n          We have not so forward a Spring as usual. Snow and Rain and Cold Weather. This may be favourable on Account of the Epidemic: but may produce other Complaints.\u2014 Senators talk of rising the first Monday of April, but will not before May.\n          The News from Montserat, of the Capture and Condemnation of Vessells upon pretense of a violation of a Decree of the late King of France, has occasioned a more Serious Allarm than any Thing before: and if thinking Men were not more afraid of the Friendship of France than of the Enmity of England, they would indulge their Resentments more than they do.\n          To make a common Cause with Such Characters, to form intimate Connections; to communicate sentiments, to participate Principles moral, religious or political with Such a sett, is worse than all the Usual Horrors of War. But I doubt whether this People will bear, another whole Year, the detention of the Posts and the depredations in their Trade.\n          The new French Minister Fauchet is a very different Character from Genet. I dined with both together at the Governors on Wednesday. Fauchet is reserved cautious, discreet, hitherto. young; not more than 33.\u2014 Genet was as gay as if nothing had happened to him.\n          I have not heard whether John attended the Town meeting on the 26th, I believe of Feb.\u2014 Otis came forward We are told and got applause.\n          Petry, the French Consul, brought me the Regards of our old Friend The Abby Arnoux\u2014 The Abby De Chalut is dead\u2014 Arnoux lives still in the old Apartment in the Place Vendome.\n          I have dined with Fauchet at the Presidents, Mr Meades, Governor Mifflins and Mr Morris\u2019s.\u2014 The President on Monday sent me a kind Invitation to a seat in his Coach and in his Box at the Theatre. The Building is large handsome and convenient\u2014the sc\u00e6nery\nneat enough, and the Company of Actors, well enough. The House was crouded in every Part.\n          If you see the Journals of the Senate, you will observe the Name of L among an entire new sett of Names, in Several Questions. The approaching Election of Governor as well as Senator, is suspected to give him some Anxiety. His Popularity is not represented to be so clear as it has been. He Seems hurried and worried\u2014 His Vanity more puerile\u2014 His understanding less discerning, if that is possible. In Short he is become the Pity, the Ridicule and Contempt alternately of his old Friends.\u2014 The Dupe and Bubble of his old opponents.\n          From your Accounts of the situation of my honoured Parent, I must give up the Expectation of seeing her again.\u2014 While my Gratitude to you for your unwearied Attention to her Circumstances is in proportion to my Gratitude to her for her tender constant Solicitude for me from my Birth; my Prayers are incessant that she may be Supported with divine Consolations in her last Days and rewarded with the Joys of the faithful, forever.\n          I am with the tenderest sentiments, forever / Yours\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0054", "content": "Title: Charles Adams to John Adams, 9 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, Charles\nTo: Adams, John\n            My dear Father\n          I had the following conversation with a gentleman on thursday last How comes it that you vary so much in your political opinions\nfrom Col Smith and your father? I do not know that I differ in sentiment with My father but there are many principles which Col Smith has lately adopted that by no means accord with my ideas. This is strange it has been given out that Your father and Col Smith coincided in opinion and that he was put upon the Committee as far as possible to unite interests. You may be assured Sir that my father would never countenance such improper interferences with our Government and that it is merely a bait thrown out to allure some who have a veneration for his opinions\n          This report has never before come to my ears but you may be assured it is without foundation. It was spoken of last evening at the Coffee house. Well Sir I shall take the liberty of denying it wherever I hear it. I leave you my dear Sir to make comments. We have a poem entitled Democracy in which the motives of the Resolving party are exposed. It is circulated with so much caution that I cannot procure one or I would send it if I should be able I will forward it sometime next week I shall tomorrow write you the result of my researches upon the subject of the Samaneens\n          Your affectionate son\n            Charles Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0055", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to Abigail Adams Smith, 10 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Smith, Abigail Adams\n            My Dear Mrs. Smith,\n          Although the scenes in which I have been engaged for six weeks past, have been very different from those which you describe, I have been amused and entertained by your account. Though I cannot say\nthat I am charmed with your hero\u2019s personal accomplishments, as you describe them, yet you find\n            \u201cA man of wealth is dubbed a man of worth;\n            Venus can give him form, and Anstis birth.\u201d\n          I think our ladies ought to be cautious of foreigners. I am almost led to suspect a spy in every strange character. It is much too easy a matter for a man, if he has property, to get introduced into company, in this country, of the best kind, and that without recommendations. The entertainment you describe was really very curious.\n            \u201cMen overloaded with a large estate,\n            May spill their treasure in a queer conceit;\u201d\n          and I am sure this was of that kind.\n          You may mix in these scenes, and sometimes join in the society; but neither your habits, your inclination, nor your natural disposition are formed for them. By nature you have a grave and thoughtful cast of temper, by habit you have been trained to more rational and durable pleasures, and by inclination you delight more in them. The frivolity of the present day has been much increased by our foreign connexions. I pray Heaven to preserve us from that dissoluteness of manners, which is the bane of society, and the destroyer of domestic happiness. I think, with the poet,\n            \u201cIf individual good engage our hope,\n            Domestic virtues give the largest scope;\n            If plans of public eminence we trace,\n            Domestic virtues are its surest base.\u201d\n          You complain that there is, in the rising generation, a want of principle. This is a melancholy truth. I am no friend of bigotry; yet I think the freedom of inquiry, and the general toleration of religious sentiments, have been, like all other good things, perverted, and, under that shelter, deism, and even atheism, have found refuge. Let us for one moment reflect, as rational creatures, upon our \u201cbeing, end, and aim,\u201d and we shall feel our dependence, we shall be convinced of our frailty, and satisfied that we must look beyond this transitory scene for a happiness large as our wishes, and boundless as our desires. True, genuine religion is calm in its inquiries, deliberate in its resolves, and steady in its conduct; is open to light and conviction, and labors for improvement. It studies to promote love\nand union in civil and in religious society. It approves virtue, and the truths which promote it, and, as the Scripture expresses it, \u201cis peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreated.\u201d It is the anchor of our hope, the ornament of youth, the comfort of age; our support in affliction and adversity, and the solace of that solemn hour, which we must all experience. Train up, my dear daughter, your children, to a sober and serious sense of the duty which they owe to the Supreme Being. Impress their infant minds with a respect for the Sabbath. This is too much neglected by the rising generation. Accustom them to a constant attendance upon public worship, and enforce it by your own example and precept, as often as you can with any convenience attend. It is a duty, for which we are accountable to the Supreme Being.\n          My pen has again taken a serious turn. I shall not apologize for it. Your own letter led to these reflections; and I am sure they flow from a heart anxiously solicitous for the happiness of you and yours. That they may make a due impression, is the ardent and affectionate wish of / Your mother,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0057", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 11 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia March 11. 1794\n          I received Yesterday your kind Letter of Feb. 28. and March 1.\u2014 I can never be sufficiently thankful to you for your constant unwearied Attention and tender care of my Mother. I hope that you will be very careful of your own Health and not suffer your Solicitude and Exertions to go beyond your Strength.\n          Our Selfish young Rogue at Boston is so taken up with his Business and his Fees, that he has not written me any Thing this Winter. However he has done a Public Service of more importance than is or ever will be acknowledged, by any Body but his father and Mother.\n          The Federalists must be in high Spirits to threaten Such mighty Things. But I doubt their Power, their Union, their Spirit too much. They are Seeking Popularity and Loaves and Fishes as well as the Anti.\u2019s and find it inconvenient to act a decided open Part in any Thing. But for this, many Things would have gone better. But for this your Husband would not have been Sacrificed, nor the unrivalled unexampled Writings of your son persecuted or neglected, as they have been. Let him listen to the Charge of a Father to mind his private Business and keep himself forever independent of the Smiles or Frowns of political Parties. A rigorous Frugality in Spight of all the Sneers of Bankrupts, Debauchers and Puppies. A Solid Income from a landed Estate in the Country; an unwearied Attention to study and Business: and an Integrity inexorable to every temptation, will carry him, as it has his father, through Life with more comfort and Honour and enable him to do more good than hundreds of thousands of Reptiles and Insects by which he may be sometimes annoied.\n          You go on in the Conduct of your Farm with so much Spirit, amidst all your melancholly Avocations, that it is a noble Regale to read your Letters. Plant the Ground which We broke up last fall with corn. Sow Barley where We had corn last Year\u2014plant again the lower Garden, Potatoes again at the Beach Meadow. Plant again\nFaxons last Years Corn field. Buy as many Cows and young Stock as you can keep in plenty. Send the sheep as soon as convenient to the Pasture by Harmans.\n          I shall send you some Money in a fortnight or three Weeks.\n          I know not whether John was at the Boston Town Meeting. Col Smiths Meeting at New York did not terminate so gloriously quite, as that at the Old South.\n          most tenderly your\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0058", "content": "Title: Charles Adams to John Adams, 12 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, Charles\nTo: Adams, John\n            My dear Father\n          The Samaneens were a sect of Philosophers of India They embraced the doctrine of Butta or Budda whom the Indians have placed among their Gods and beleive him born of a Virgin One peculiar difference between this sect and that of the Brachmans was that originally the Brachmans were all of one tribe or Cast The Samaneens did not exclude any class from their body The were much respected and venerated. It appears by the history given of them in the Encyclopedie that they suffered persecution on account of their principles and were expelled from many parts of India \u201cIl n\u2019en reste plus de traces sur les c\u00f4tes de Malabar et de Coromandel Le culte des brachmes \u00e2 succ\u00e9d\u00e9 a celui des Samaneens; ceuxci selon le temoignage des Brachmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 detruits par le Dieu Vischnou parce qu\u2019ils blasphemoient ouvertment contre sa religion; regardoient tous les hommes comme egaux n\u2019admettoient aucune difference entre les diverses tribus ou Castes, detestoient les livres theologiques des Brachmes et vouloient que tout le monde f\u00fbt soumis a leur loi.[\u201d] This article is interesting I have made an abridgment for you, as you desired me. I could wish neither to speak or hear of Col Smith his flights are too sublime for my comprehension In his late capacity of Committee man he has gained the honor of putting much more milk and water into the Resolutions than would have been mingled had he not been there. I have received your favors of the eighth and tenth inst In answer to the Question Whether all connection had ceased between me and The family of Smith I shall say that it was my wish to have concealed in my own bosom\nevery chagrine I never go there I have not even seen my Sister more than once in three months and that by accident Why should I be called upon to say anything further I know not. How to answer the other question? Should I use deceit towards my father and tell him that I am perfectly convinced of [my] weakness and error? Were I to say so, it would be far from the truth. Were I to declare that I did not entertain the same opinion of Sally Smith that I ever did, I should declare a falshood If you have questioned too closely it is not my fault I have obeyed\n          With every affection I am your son\n            Charles Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0060", "content": "Title: John Adams to John Quincy Adams, 13 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            Philadelphia March 13. 1794\n          This morning I had the Pleasure of your Letter of the 2d of this month. The Town meeting did itself honour by its judicious Result. But there has not been the Same Wisdom in New York nor\nPhiladelphia: nor is there equal Wisdom and Decision in either house of Congress. All that has been done has been to restrain and moderate the constant disposition to rashness Intemperance and Madness.\n          Mr Fauchet is a very different Man from Genet and is pursuing a different system.\n          I am glad to hear you have been busy and wish you may be more so. Your Letters always give me Pleasure but I can easily Admit your Apology for Writing so seldom as I well remember when I was of your Age and standing at the Bar. A few Lines however now and then would not cost you much time and would give me great Comfort.\n          Proteus will never merit your Friendship and is not worth your Enmity. Do him Justice but court neither his Ill Will or Good Will. You have made him feel your Superiority to him, and it may not be amiss, and you will have Opportunities enough for it, to put him now and then in mind of it, by making him see his own Ignorance and Absurdity.\n          The Decline of my beloved Mother is a sourse of Melancholly to me, which I cannot and ought not to dissipate. My You and I my dear son fulfill our Duties in Life as well as she has done. We can never be too sensible of the Obligations We are under to this worthy Woman. She is about to leave a World on fire for Abodes of Innocence Peace and Bliss. Such is my Faith, and without it I should be in despair.\n          The Defection of certain New England Characters from what I think the line of their Duty and the true Interest of their Country, will oblige me to remain here I fear till the End of the session. This however in Confidence. I have a great Aversion to a War by Implication and Construction. We may be too soon compelled into it very expressly. But I am determined to do all that may depend on me to keep it off as long as possible. I am my Dear son / Your Affectionate Father\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0061", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 14 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n          This Letter will not bear you so melancholy tidings, as from the close of my last, I apprehended. our Parent still lives; the ulcer which in my last, I informd you had broken upon her Lungs, and brought on the Symptoms of a speedy dissolution; she had Strength sufficient to Grapple with; all day on Sunday, we expected every moment would be her last, but she fell in to a quieter Sleep; and was revived with it; and has to the astonishment of her Friends Survived an other week. her cough has again become very troublesome, but she is not so distresst as she was: and may continue for some time to come she is loth we should think her better: tomorrow will be her Birth day; when she will commence her 86th year. since she was taken sick, she has seen & heard of 5 person in her Neighbourhood carried to their Graves; it has been very sickly here. mrs Bass who lived in our House was buried this week; she died of a mortification occasiond by a Rupture, which she had for several years, and not properly attended too. mr Seth Baxters wife, & Mrs Pray of a Lung fever, & two children\u2014\n          The weather has been so warm for three days, this week, that I could not but be anxious for my Philadelphia Friends: I fear the late intelligence will oblige Congress to sitt long. What can be done with that mad & I may say unjust Nation? if they force us into a war with them George will deserve a second time, to lose his Head; so sure as he provokes America into a war, so sure he will lose his crown. Heaven avert from us so distressing a calamity but there is a General Gloom and distress amongst the mercantile people.\n          our People commencd war\u2014against the canker worm, the 2 day of March. we were the earliest in Town, and we have already slain our thousands. other people are but just begining, mr Black yesterday. I have sent to Town for an other Barrel of Tar\u2014yet they use it more prudently than the last year. the Season is not so forward by a fortnight as the last year. the Roads have been so bad the frost just comeing out of the Ground, that Shaw is not yet come. I expect him in a few days\u2014and have agreed to take Joy, and family. I shall want 5 cows. I can not hear of any under 20 dollors a peice I sent last week by a person going into the country after stock for cows & young cattle. he returnd without getting any with word that they were dearer there than round here. I shall want Pails Tubs pans hoops & the\nwhole Apparatus for a dairy a Cheese press excepted which I bought. I will send out the begining of April for my cows; Belcher Says we can keep them here, being well provided with salt & fresh Hay. we shall be obliged to purchase an other ox, for the other place, by Faxons movements, for he has bought on a match for that he had last fall; & a young Horse by which means he makes a Team up for his Son to work with. he is a sad, and I fear a dishonest Man. I shall be glad when we are rid of him; I have purchased 8 Barrels of cider: and I have engaged a Barrel of Rum, & a Barrel of molasses, a hundred of sugar as every article is rapidly rising in concequence of the detention of our vessels and the Ruin of our trade; some other articles I have omitted least I should plunge too deep; I have engaged an other load of Hay. tis a sad expensive thing to have to feed sheep 4 months with corn and English Hay. I make my Boys with one Man Tar for the most part; as soon as the frost is out, we shall finish breaking up the peice of ground for corn. I should like to know whether you design to Break up any New Ground at the other place, or plant over again part of what Faxon broke up last year. I long to have the places arrang\u2019d Gardening will soon come on\u2014 I wish Brisler could send me some willow Trees\u2014 tell him I saw mrs Brisler & his Boy this week. both are well, and the Boy half grown a very fine child. I have been once only at my sisters for near Nine weeks. adieu my dearest Friend. Heaven preserve you in Health and return you in safety to your affectionate\n            Abigail Adams\n            The Hayseed not yet arrived.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0062", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 15 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia March 15. 1794.\n          I know not how to throw off, the Lassitude that hangs upon me.\u2014weary of a daily round, which to me is more confined and more insipid than to any other. I would gladly go home: but at a time So critical as this, it would not be justifiable, to quit my Post if there were no particular Reasons against it. But as the Senate is nearly\ndivided in all great questions, and the President pro tem, has lately taken it in his head to Shift his Box, my retirement would give an entire new Complexion to the Government. This Circumstance however must not be repeated from me: but it is true.\n          Great Pains have been and Still are taken to inflame the Populace of Philadelphia and New York, and they have no Method to correct this heat by a Town Meeting and by the temperate Reasonings of the Soundest Part of the Community, as they have at Boston: the Consequence of which is that Clubb meets to countract Clubb, Merchants to undo what Merchants or pretended Merchants have done, and the public Opinion is a Chaos, a Proteus any Thing every Thing and nothing. Yet all Sides trumpet and dogmatize about the public opinion.\n          If the New England People Suffer themselves to be artfully drawn into a War, they will be Dupes indeed, for all the Men and most of the Money must be forced from them, and while others, will throw off the Burthen of British Debts, and obtain all the Advantages of Fur and Petry Trades and Western Lands, We have not the smallest Thing to hope, unless it be by Privateering, and such is now the tremendous Naval Superiority against Us that We shall loose more than gain by that.\n          A General Dearbourne from the Eastward and a Mr Lyman from North hampton discover a Disposition to go wrong. Whether the first wants Employment in an Army I know not. the last is a Pupil and Correspondent of Sullivan, certainly: probably of Jarvis and Austin. He has a false a Subtle and a malicious Countenance: This I know, from my Sight. That he is so in realty I have heard. But a Pettifogger a Tool to Sullivan is enough to decide a Character: and by Such Characters is this Country to be cursed with War, and an Additional Debt of hundreds of Millions, while they are every hour declaiming against Debts and Taxes.\n          Raynal prayed that rather than Men should always be Knaves and Fools, the Species might be annihilated. at present it seems in a fair Way to be so. I love them too well with all their faults to be glad to see their present rapid Progress towards destruction. All that I have and all that I am would I chearfully give to prevent it. but I see no means. Havock must have its perfect Work and then Eyes will begin to open.\n          It is some relief against Melancholly to laugh: and Libells themselves evil as they are have their Uses. The inclosed from New York may divert you and the more so because you are a stranger as well\nas I to most of the Characters. The Patriots in New York should seem to be at least as pure Characters as those at Boston, if the Poem is not mere fiction.\n          I have some hopes that your next Letter will inform me my Mother / is better. I am yours forever\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0063", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 17 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n          I received your two kind favours last Evening of march 2d & 8th. the seasons I belive have been very near alike both here and with you. we have had several days of warm & muggy weather, the Ground thawing the slug & miller very industerous, and as the Scripture assures us that tis Lawfull to do good upon the Sabbeth, my people are employd in Annoying these destructive Enemies, who make not the Sabbeth a day of rest; I hope our care and early attention will put an effectual stop to their career. our Neighbours are pretty generally taking the same precaution, tho they have been too neglegent of the season; I wish you to enable me as soon as possible, to send out for stock. Cows are in such demand that they rise in price every day. Col Bass of Randolph is after 20, and many others are in quest of them I should have sent the comeing week if I could.\n          I am much dissapointed at your loss, as I know not how to help myself here I want about 3 hundred Dollors. one hundred & 50 I shall send out for stock. we cannot expect to get Cows under 20 & some have been sold at 23 dollors. we have two calves which we are raising\u2014 I have got a Barrel of Rum and a Barrel of Molasses a hundred of sugar, which come to 54 dollors all these articles have risen since I first sent to ask the price of them. I want 50 weight of Coffe & some Chocolat I wish to know whether you would not think it best to get an other Barrel of Rum? there is a strong talk of a\nGeneral Embargo\u2014 whether Congress have such an object in contemplation I cannot tell, but trade is much distress\u2019t. Rye has fallen in Price and as the Spring advances will be still lower. of that I would purchase 12 Bushel flower for what reason I cannot tell has risen three shillings in a Barrel. veal is currently Sold at 6 pence pr pound good Mutton and the best of Beaf at the same price so that the Farmer need not much complain. Hay keeps up at 7/6 & 8 shillings & Butter at 1/4 pr pound. these things must soon fall, if the Spring comes forward with a good Prospect. Cider I bought, drawn of at 2 dollors pr Barrel, which is said to be as cheep as 10 shilling would have been in the fall, considering the waste there always is in a Barrel\u2014\n          what you mention respecting L\u2014\u2014n I am sorry to learn. I always had a good opinion of him. poor Humane Nature, How few of they ospring are \u201cfirm and steady to their trust, inflexible in ill and strictly just\u201d\n            \u201cFame is a Bubble the Reserv\u2019d enjoy,\n            Who strive to Grasp it, as they touch, destroy.\n            Who pants for Glory finds but short repose\n            A Breath revives him, or a Breath o\u2019erthrows\u201d\n          I never knew so little of what was passing in Congress. we have only mutilated speachs and as to the Senate we are not informd of a Single movement how was Gallitan Election determind?\n          I am like to be in trouble in my oun Family Polly Howard is taken sick with the prevailing Lung fever. I hope a well timd bleeding may save her. I have hopes of the Recovery of our Parent \u201clet none despair she says, if I recover, it may be calld a Resurection from the dead.\u201d I cannot say she is out of danger, but she is certainly better, tho her cough is still very bad, and she is extreemly weak and low\u2014\n          My Love to Thomas I have so many cares upon me that I do not get time to write to him so often as I wish. I am my dearest Friend most / affectionatly Yours,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0064", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 17 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia March 17. 1794\n          Your favour of 8. March is just put into my hand.\u2014 My beloved Mother is very near my heart and has Spread a gloom over my Days from the first of her Illness. I must resign her to the Disposition of the supreme Ruler and prepare to follow her Example if I can in Life and in Death. My Love to my Brother and his Family who will be sincere Mourners with me and you upon this occasion. It grieves me to think that you are called to go through this melancholly Scene without the Participation of your Partner: But the Distresses of our Country have often destined Us to such Misfortunes for which We have little praise and less Thanks. The Prospects of our Country at this time are far from being bright. The Infatuation of our People has I fear brought upon them Resentments, more lasting and more fatal than they are aware. I still hope however that We shall not be involved in War: but our Madmen will provoke it if they can.\n          Brisler is this day beginning to Ship our Goods on board a Vessel that is to carry them into Qumcy Creek if he can. they must be carried on shore in the Scow I believe. I shall send you 500 Dollars by our son Thomas to his Brother John to Morrow perhaps. This must last Us till June, for I fear I shall be compelled to spend all the rest here if not more. I am most tenderly / yours forever\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0065", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to William Cranch, 19 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Cranch, William\n            My dear William\n            Philadelphia [19] March [1794]\n          My last Letter to you was of such a nature, that I can easily persuade myself no matter arose out of it sufficient to furnish an answer. the subject was personally interesting to me alone, and as\nsuch, it deserved only to be dwelt on by me. I am manifestly also in your debt for your agreeable favor of the 18th Jany:. You ask me to \u201clet you know the State of Politic\u2019s at the fountain head.\u201d Alas! I am not a Physician; and if I were, my chance for accuracy of judgment would be no greater than that of others; and when I tell you that scarcely two people judge alike of the actual State of the public pulse; that the most skillful differ materially in their conclusions, whether it beats the standard of health & tranquility, or indicates a latent disease, the first symptoms of an approaching eruption, or the sure prelude to actual tumult; your surprize perhaps, will be exceeded, only by your conviction of the falibility of human skill\u2014nor will you tax me with a deficiency of discernment above the ordinary run of geniuses, when there are so many professing themselves equally bewildered with myself.\n          The crisis is thought to be near at hand, when the American council must pronounce how far they will tamely submit to insult, depredation, & unlawful spoliation from the powers of Europe\u2014 English pollicy is more blind & besotted than ever it has been heretofore\u2014 they are streching on the rack, the cool and collected spirit of American Independance, whose sinnews will bear but little more tension before a total dissolution must ensue. \u201cO c\u00e6cas hominum mentes, O pectora c\u00e6ca.\u201d Their policy may be good, but our partiality will suggest its apparent fallacy so far as our interest is affected by it. It has long been in the power of Great Britain to bind America forever to her interest, without any uncommon share of favor extended on her part; instead of performing those friendly offices, usually practised among civilized nations, her system has been that of an overbearing, insolent, & haughty Nation, swallowed up in her own self sufficiency, & confiding in the brutal arm of force to procure advantages, which she is too proud to reciprocate. To this conduct we may object, but if breach of faith had not been added to the Catalogue, we could hardly be justifyed in a formal complaint. An Independant Nation may refuse to another privileges of intercourse & may abridge the advantages of a Commercial connection; but if the advantages are reciprocal, the door is open for similar conduct on the other side. This appears to be nearly our situation at present with reference to England\u2014 Mr: Madisons Resolutions, which have made so much talk in Congress and in all parts of the Union, contemplate something similar to this mutual restriction. They have met a violent opposition, more from the Idea that they were premature, & probably would be ineffectual for the \naccomplishment of the object that produced them, than a conviction that our wrongs called not at this time for redress. Every American heart I am fully persuaded palpitates opposition to British insolence; but that we are in a situation to avenge our injuries at this time, if pacific measures should prove fruitless, is a question that excites no small degree of embarrasment by the doubtfullness of its nature.\n          War is become a common topic in the Seaport towns; it is in a measure familiarized to all classes, by the frequent meetings of Merchants that have been convoked. For the most part, the result of these Assemblies, by the aid of those not so immediately desirous of violent measures, has been favorable. It has been thought prop[er] to leave the business with those, in whom the regulation of Nati[onal] measures is legally vested.\n          In this place much pains is taken to inflame the public mind against England; you may easily immagine that our National prejudice requires little provocation of the artificial kind; the spur to our antipathy need not be sharpened, for the mettle is genuine, & to have been once sorely pricked, is sufficient to persuade us, that the part is tender. With me, you will join in an earnest prayer that we may neither suffer too long, nor resent too hastily the oppression with which we are threatned. That we may be as terrible in our resentments, as our forbearance has been magnanimous.\n            Thomas B Adams.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0066", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 22 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my Dearest Friend\n          Yours of March 11th reachd me yesterday I have the satisfaction to anounce you our Parents Life, her complaints graduly decrese. her Health appears to be languidly returning, and last night for the first,\nshe passd without a Watcher. Nine weeks she has been confind, but as her disorder of Body gives way, her faculties which all along during her Sickness seemd brightned, appear to be impaird, which is often the case in Younger and stronger persons. She now hopes to be Spaired to see you once more. my own Family is very sick, both my girls confind with this Lung fever. Polly Howard got better, but too soon exerting herself got cold and is worse than at first. we have had very warm weather for several days uncommonly so for March. the Grass is turning Green and to day we have a fine rain. we have taken advantage of the weather and finishd the breaking up. the Slug & millar are thought to be in greater plenty than usual. we have not omitted tarring every day. I went this week to see the new House and Farm. the House I found in such a state as to require imediate attention. like the Augean Stable it wanted a River Turnd through it, to do them justice they had engaged to have it cleand, but the woman never did it. I sent a couple of Hands and it took them two days to make it decent. there are a dozen Squares of Glass out, and some small matters which want to be put in order without. I went into the Barn & out buildings which are convenient and I think the purchase not a very dear one considering the Buildings. Thayer drove all his Stock into the country in November & sold his Hay so that there is very little manure, not much more than will be wanted to put upon the peice of ground which was planted last year to corn, & must now be Sown to Barley. you direct to plant again Faxons last years corn Field. would not it be better to break up a few acres more, & sow down a part of what was last year planted. I wish to execute your commissions directly, respecting stock, but it will not do to send out without the needfull. I have been up to Faxons to examine what I shall want for both places for the dairy. Pratt I find were out every thing they had, & what Faxon has belongs to them excepting a cheese press so that I hall have occasion for 6 dozen milk pans 6 creem pots 8 milk pails 2 cheese Tubs & Baskets 2 churns Hoops &c some more Tools will be wanted. Thayer has a pr of Broad Wheels would you take them? wanting Hay & oats I have been obliged to apply to the dr for 15 pounds. my workmen want their pay weekly, and the Spring opens new wants daily. we have had a subscription for purchaseing a new funeral pall which was much wanted, the cost of which was 60 dollors. I gave 5 towards it. the subscription was soon filld and the purchase made. is there any prospect of your Grass-seed, or is it all gone. let me know as I believe I can get some in Boston\u2014\n          The Genett Party the Jacobine club\u2014are trying for an other civic feast in Boston, but I believe will not succeed with only their own Party every article of foreign produce is risen a Quarter higher.\n          we hope you are all employd in doing much good but we know very little what\n          most affectionate Regards attend / you from your", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0067", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to Abigail Adams, 23 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dear Mother\n            Philadelphia 23d: March [1794]\n          I have neglected writing to you longer than usual, that I might have it in my power to give you some more favorable prospect of publick affairs, than for some time past has presented itself to my mind; I have had some serious thoughts of the alteration of my pospects, in the event of a war. Instead of peaceably pursuing the path of my profession; the law of Arms would probably excite my attention; I know not whether I was born with courage enough for a Warrior, but at least I should not be deficient in inclination. The subject of war has been & [sti]ll continues to be much talked of; but I apprehend it [to] be farther distant than is generally immagined. The People at large have scarcely heared of such a thing, and the Rulers of our Country understand too well the responsibility of their Offices to hazard a headlong & precipitate measure, which is to affect so sensibly the purses of their Constituents. The Sea Ports are generally irritated by the depredations of the powers at war upon their Navigation & Commerce, but however clamorous they may seem for the moment, many of them are too sensible that the condemnations that have taken place of their Vessels & Cargoes, have not been without a justifyable cause in many instances. Doubtless there are cases which wear the appearance of arbitrary rule, & the propriety of the law or proclamation, which declares a particular course of trade contraband, may excite a doubt; but in our earnestness to obtain redress, we should be careful how we furnish a plea of justification to the aggressors. If Great Britain has violated or infringed our just rights, (and none will doubt but she has,) if she has done it under a plea of necessity, & leaves the justice of it to be discussed at a future period, when that necessity has ceased, it may be\ndoubtful whether a patient forbearance on our part till that period arrives would not be the most adviseable conduct. But it may be objected, that our losses under her present system are continually weakening our power & exhausting our resources, and the longer we forbear, the less able we shall be to obtain redress by force\u2014 This argument would carry force with it in my mind, if I thought we were able to [\u2026] with all the powers combined against France in [the pre]sent situation; but we are not, & a war would cost [the coun]try infinitely more than she is likely to loose by the restriction of her trade. The populace will always follow the impulse of passion & resentment, without considering the consequences; & opposition to their opinions is looked upon by them as a decided approbation of the measures they reprove. They acknowlege no medium, between being with them, or against them. This is a misfortune to which all popular questions are liable. And a greater one than this, is, that they never can be persuaded that a measure which they advocate will opperate injuriously till they actually feel its effects. Congress have been occupied with the question of imposing an embargo for 30 days on all vessels now in port; but it has been negatived by a small majority\u2014 As the debate was private I know not who were its advocates or opponents.\n          I am preparing to make a Journey into the interior part of this State, in a Circuit with my Master Ingersoll, who as Attorney Genl. of the State is required to attend the Supreme Court in his official capacity. It will be useful to make an acquaintance with the State in which I am to reside; I have held in a favorable light the idea of a settlement in some Country Town hitherto, but as my Father & my Master think a continuance in the City more favorable, & as my father is willing to extend his assistance till I may obtain business sufficient to support myself, the probability is that I shall settle here\u2014 Dependance is at all times irk[some and] I feel the weight of the obligation too strongly [. . . .] in my endeavors to place myself beyond the [. . . .] I can hardly expect however that my success will b[e as] rapid as that of a native citizen, supported by a numerous family of relations. I never will omit an opportunity of introducing myself to business where it may be done with honor; & if my talents do not entitle me to notice the defect must be radical, & not the fault of my own endeavors.\n          I am / my dear Mother / with the strongest affection / your Son\n            Thomas B Adams\n            PS Give my love to Louisa & remember me to Uncle Cranch\u2019s family.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0068", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to John Adams, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, John\n          I received on Saturday your favour of the 13th: Instt: Our Supreme Court closed their session in this town last monday, and I am thereby left with more leisure, and less care upon my hands than I had been for some time past used to. The anxieties of business carry with them an antidote, but the anxieties of no business have nothing to weaken or alleviate them.\n          My Grandmother is still living, and we have yet hopes of her recovery. I heard from her on Saturday, that her symptoms were more favourable than they had been for some time.\n          The depredations committed upon the commerce of this Country, have considerably distressed, and still more alarmed our merchants, and if the principle upon which the british have lately proceeded to seize our ships be persisted in, I fear we shall have no alternative but War; indeed it is of itself a state of War, to have every thing that passess under the denomination of supplies liable to capture.\n          The aversion of our people to War is however constantly strengthening; and has of late upon several occasions appeared in a very decided manner The Event of our town-meeting exhibited very forcibly the public sentiment here; a still later occasion has shewn the prevalence of the same Sentiments.\n          An attempt was last week made to celebrate the late successes of the French, by a second civic festival.\u2014 It was set on foot by the Jacobin-antifederal faction, and they appointed a Committee who applied to the Lieutenant Governor to order out the military and to make a display in behalf of the Commonwealth\u2014 He at first complied with their request, ordered out an artillery company, and directed that they should be supplied with one hundred cartridges at the expence of the State; that is from the public magazines; but what with squibs upon the subject in the newspapers and with serious expostulations from some respectable gentlemen, he got intimidated; one despicable passion rescued him from the disgrace which another was bringing upon him, and he countermanded his orders; the civic festival is postponed, and we shall hear no more of it untill some new accident, shall give another clue to those who set it on foot.\n          The old Gentleman has hurt himself by this improper compliance with an insolent request; the general opinion seems to be that there will be no choice of a Governor by the people at our ensuing election. It is my opinion however that Mr: Adams will be chosen.\u2014 He may do less harm than some others, but he will certainly never do any good. Stat magni nominis umbra. His present impotence leans for support on his former services; and the office will be given him as a reward, not as an employment.\n          I am Dear Sir, ever your\u2019s", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0069", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 26 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            My dearest Friend\n          our two Tenants are come, and I have occupation enough. I have set them to clear the manure out of the Barn and to digg the Garden put all the wall up and look to the fences. when that is done, I shall send them to clear up the Bushes in Curtis\u2019s pasture. I hope you will not be detaind longer than the Month of April. you will be weary of hearing of my wants, and of supplying them, but I find we want for the Two Farms a Wheelbarrow for each place 2 spades 2 forks 2 shovels 2 axes 2 hoes. I shall order two more Sythes immediatly\u2014each place must be supplied for it will not be working it right to carry from this place those articles as at present, we are obliged to, and still worse to Borrow\u2014 I shall Buy 50 weight of clover and a few quarts of Herds Grass seed. I wish you to inform me whether for the corn land which is broken up here, the manure is to be spread as the last year. Belcher is of opinion that as the land is cold it would be better to manure in hills\u2014 I am waiting for a Remittance to proceed with courage. mrs Brisler, too want me to let her have some money, or you had better let Brisler have it for her, but I shall let her have 5 dollors as I promisd it her\u2014 for myself I have spent only 2 dollors & half through the winter & that was for shoes\u2014 the whole of the Family expences are upon my Books. Arnold seemd so desirious of continuing with us, that I think to hire him for 8 Months, or by the Year if you think best.\n          we continue our daly Labour of tarring how long it is to hold I know not, but it will be necessary to get an other Barrel of Tar, as the animals are so thick as to oblige them to lay on plentifully every day.\n          Mother continues much in the same state as when I last wrote you. she is a mere shadow but the wonder is that she lives. she has been led out of the Room twice\u2014\n          Trade languishes. we are full of wrath but Patient, whilst\n            \u201cA Passenger the voilated Merchant comes along\n            That far sought wealth, for which the noxious gale\n            He drew, and sweat beneath equator suns,\n            By lawless force detained\u201d\n            \u201cWhen ruffian force\n            Awakes the fury of an injurd, state\n            Even the good Patient Man, whom reason Rules\n            Rouz\u2019d by bold insult, and injurious rage\n            with sharp, and sudden check th\u2019 astonishd sons\n            of voilence confounds;\u201d\n          Yet I see no more reason for going to war with England than with France, nor indeed so much for England does not pretend to give us the Fraternal kiss, & judas like betray us, tho I own want of power only to resent their injuries would restrain me, if negotiation should prove unsuccessfull\u2014\n          the civic feast vanishd in smoke. none but the democratic club would unite in it. I have not seen our son for a long time, so that I cannot tell you so much about it as I wish.\n          I am my dearest Friend most affectionatly and tenderly yours.\n            Abigail Adams\u2014\n            I have learnt this afternoon that the L. Govenour assured the Jacobines who waited upon him requesting his attendance to the civic Feast, and that he would order out the Militia, that their request should be complied with. when the real merchants and principal people found that the Government was to be drawn in; they had a meeting, & sent a committee to remonstrate to the Governour, assuring him that it was in direct voilation of their Solemn engagement to remain Neuter; and that if any such thing was attempted more than a thousand of the inhabitants would remonstrate against it; he was much allarmed and said he would use his endeavours to prevent it the Chronical asscribes it to the distress of the Town and the deplorable Situation of the Trade! misirably reduced indeed that not even one solatary Dollor pr head could be furnishd. poor spirited wretches. what shifts to support an abhored system.\n            I must request you to hasten me some money. my Buisness is much impeeded at this time through want of it. I know the reason has been the delay of the Appropriation Bill\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0072", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 31 March 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest friend\n            Senate Chamber March 31. 1794\n          I have scarcely a moment to acknowledge the Rect of your favour of 22 this instant put into my hand. I rejoice in the Recovery of my dear Mother and hope to see her, but I cannot say how soon.\n          We the old Sachems have enough to do to restrain the Ardour of our young Warriors.\u2014 We shall Succeed however, I still hope, in preventing any very rash steps from being taken. There is a dishonourable Motion before the House to sequestre or confiscate private Contracts: but it will not pass the House\u2014if it should the senate will stop it.\n          Break up as much as you please and sow as much as you think proper. I must leave All to you.\u2014 I cannot think of leaving senate yet. I sent you 500 dollars. purchase all the Tools &c that are wanted and stock.\n          I am sincerely\n            I am grieved at the Dotage of the Lt Govr.. He is mad.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0073", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 1 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia April 1. 1794.\n          Cheesman has at length arrived and I have recd my Trunk in much better order than I expected.\n          The People here are much cooler than they were last Week. The Embargo begins to be felt by many who have been the most noisy and turbulent. Speculation mingles itself in every political Operation and many Merchants have already made a noble Spec. of the Embargo by raising their Prices: but the foolish Tradesmen and Labourers who were so ready to follow the heels of their Scheeming Leaders are now out of Employment, and will loose 30 dollars at head by this Embargo. If they had been taxed half the sum to the most necessary and important Measure they would have bitterly complained. I can See little benefit in the Embargo except that it may cool down the Courage of such kind of People. It may be expected that We shall soon have a Clamour against the renewal of it, if not to have it repealed.\n          The Assembly of Pensylvania have this day chosen a senator Mr James Ross of Washington County in the Place of Mr Gallatin.\n          A violent Measure has been proposed in the House to Sequester all Debts due from American Citizens to British subjects. Such a Motion will do no honour to our Country.\u2014 Such Laws are injurious to the Debtor as well as the Creditor, for they cannot annul or dissolve the Contracts. It will not pass the House, and if it did, it would stop in the Senate.\n          We are rejoiced that the civic Feast in Boston Succeeded no better. It is astonishing that Mr Adams should ever have thought of implicating the Government in so indecent and hostile a frolick.\n          We have had an incessant Struggle, all Winter to restrain the intemperate Ardour of the People out of Doors and their too accurate Representatives in both Houses. Too many of our good Federalists are carried away at times by their Passions and the popular Torrent, to concur in motions and countenance sentiments, inconsistent with our Neutrality and tending directly to War. But I hope We shall be able to make a stand against all fatal Attempts.\n          I long to be at home, but I dare not ask leave to go. The Times are too critical for any Man to quit his Post without the most urgent necessity. Ways and Means must be provided to defrey the Expences incurred and I expect this will be put off till May. I Shall be very uneasy through this whole month, but I must take Patience.\n          I hope Mr Adams of Boston, the Lawyer is full of Business and making his Fortune\u2014 I hear so Seldom from him that I must Suppose him busy.\n          Tel my dear Mother that I hope to have the Pleasure of seeing her in the Month of May. Love to my Brothers & sister & Cousins &c\n          I am, most tenderly yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0074", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 3 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia April 3. 1794\n          The Post of the day brought me, your kind Letter of 26. Ult. The more I am charmed with your Bravery and Activity in farming the more I am mortified that my Letters in Answer to yours are so\ninsignificant and insipid. I must leave all your Agriculture to your Judgment and the Advice of your Assitants. I sent you more Grass seeds with the Furniture, which I hope has arrived before now. Mr Adams has sent you the 500 before now. I will sent you a little more if I can possibly Spare it.\n          The Times are so critical and Parties so nearly ballanced that I cannot in honour, nor consistently with my Duty abandon my Post. There are so many wild Projects and Motions and so many to support them, that I am become of more importance than Usual, in the opinion of the Soundest Part of the Community.\n          We have very disagreable Business to do in finding Ways and means for the Expences We have already incurred. It grieves me to the heart to see an increase of our Debts and Taxes, and it vexes me to see Men opposing even these Augmentations who are every day pushing for Measures that must involve Us in War, and ten times greater Expences.\n          But the Inconsistencies and Absurdities of Men are no Novelties to me.\n          I have pleased myself with a hope that I should get home in April: but the general opinion is We shall be obliged to remain here till the middle of May. I have little Expectation of seeing you before Election. You are so valourous and noble a farmer that I feel little anxious about Agriculture. Manure in Hills, if you think best: but manure your Barley ground well and harrow it well.\n          I have now the pleasing hope of Seeing my honoured Mother again in comfortable health. I have Suffered many melancholly hours both on her Account and yours, and I think myself, indebted under Providence to your tender Care and indefatigable Assiduity, for the Prolongation of her Life.\n          If the Yellow fever should mak its Appearance here We shall soon fly: but there is no symptom of it as yet.\n          I am sometimes obliged to give critical Votes which expose me to the Passions of Parties: but I have been wonder fully Spared this session. They find it best to let me alone; for I get credit by their Abuse. I am most sincerely / and most kindly your", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0075", "content": "Title: John Adams to John Quincy Adams, 3 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            Philadelphia April 3. 1794\n          I have recd your favour of the 22d I believe it is, and am glad to hear that the People of Boston are disposed to Stand firm on neutral Ground. Much will depend upon their Stability. There are so many Interests constantly contriving to draw Us off, from that Position, that if Boston should fail Us We should be in great danger. I feel for the Sufferers under the Unexampled depredations of the English, whether they are brought into their present Distresses by mere misfortune or by their own Imprudence: but a War would accumulate burthen upon burthen in Such a manner that it ought to be avoided if possible. This is, for any thing I know, the most cruel War that ever was waged; of the most uncertain Object, and most incomprehensible Issue. We know not who would be our Ennemies, nor who would be our friends, nor what We could get nor what We might loose. We must endeavour to obtain restitution. one is for commercial Warfare, another for Reprisals on private Debts and a third for prohibiting all Intercourse: measures which would do nothing but mischief, if they should not lead, as it is probable they would directly to War.\n          Your Business I hope will encrease. You must bustle in the croud make Speeches in Town Meeting, and push yourself forward. Meet with the Caucusses and join political Clubbs. not the Jacobins however. Some have a faculty of making friends and dependents: some marry fortunes; some marry into Connections. Others find Ways of making money in twenty honest plans. Much more depends on little Things than is commonly imagined.\u2014 an erect figure, a steady Countenance a neat dress, a genteel Air; an oratorical Period, a resolute determined Spirit, often do more than deep Erudition or indefatigable Application. A King a Dexter, an Otis have started up per Saltum into fame. All have not the same Gifts.\n          My sons according to all Appearances, must be content to crawl into fame and be satisfied with mediocrity of fortune, like their Father. Either nature has not bestowed on Us her most exquisite favours, or We have some Aukwardness in Address, or some peculiarity of feelings, which condemn Us to perpetual Drudgery, without much fame fortune, or Attention from the World. so be it. We are under so much less Obligation to Others. You must not complain. The World will take Advantage of every murmur, and revenge itself\non you for that superiority in some Things which it knows you possess.\u2014 You must extort Admiration or you will never have it. If you appear to want it and to seek it, it will fly from you. He who asks favours of the People never fails to be favoured with their Contempt. You must compel them to ask favours of you. If you cannot excite their Enthusiasm, and make them afraid of you, they will never respect you.\n          When you arrive at my Age, and look back upon your youth you will see your Errors as I do. If I were to live over again I would not again be the slave of an ungerous World; so declares your affectionate Father", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0076", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 5 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia April 5. 1794\n          The Weather is cooler And the Minds of Men are calmed by the inclosed Communication. But\n          A Sourd Party will plunge Us if possible. The most uncandid; the most hypocritical Part is acted to take Us in.\u2014 Protestations against War by those who are pushing every Thing that can force War, are not the Worst. The southern Men have Art enough to dupe northern ones to bring forwards measures, that the northern Part may have the Odium of bringing on a War. In short the Knavery of some is so abominable and the stupidity of others so contemptible, that I am almost brought to Raynalls Wish.\n          The old Debtors to Britain uniting with those who are bribed to France, and both operating on the Populaces of our great Towns, will devote this Country to Calamities as unnecessary as they will be dismal; Unless the Vigilance and Patience of those who have no Object but their Countries Good is supported by the sound Part of the People out of Doors.\n          My good and worthy son, I presume sees all I send you\u2014 All my hopes are in him: both for my Family and Country\n          Yours most affectionately", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0077", "content": "Title: John Adams to John Quincy Adams, 5 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            Philadelphia April 5. 1794\n          The Old Debtors to British subjects, united with the over Zealous Friends of France and the Democratical societies of our principal Cities, are urging a sequestration of Things in Action: and as I know you are not inattentive to any question of public Law, I have inclosed you some minutes of Authorities and I wish you to look into all others relative to this subject. I have not Grotius here, who with his Commentators Barbeyrac and Rutherford are Said to hold Actions and Debita among the Property liable to Confiscation in time of War.\n          I know not whether Rutherfords Institutes are in Boston or not: but he is Said to have discussed this question very well. He is a Commentator on Grotius.\n          The Examples adduced by Bynkershoek are all I think more than an hundred Years old: and Vattel represents the rigourous old Law of Nations to be now changed by general Consent in favour of Commerce.\n          At least it cannot be considered as any Thing less than direct Hostility, and yet the motion is made and supported by Persons who unanimously declare themselves against War.\n          The very discussion of such a question I fear will disgrace Us, and diminish the Confidence of all Men in our Honour and public Faith.\n          This Country has been upon a Precipice. A few of Us have been Steady to Peace and Neutrality and We shill hope to avoid a fall. But there is so much more Prejudice than sense, Passion than Reason, and Cunning than Integrity, in Numbers that We shall be long in great danger. If the sound Part of the Community does not exert itself to support Us, they will have severe Cause of Regret, when it may be too late.\n          I am unhappy to be from home, this fine Spring but the ship is too leaky and the Weather too stormy, to allow of my Absence, how little soever I can do for the good of the Voyage.\n          I am my dear son your affectionate / Father", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0078", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 7 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia April 7. 1794\n          Your favour of the 28th. Ult. arrived this morning. before this time I hope you have received your furniture.\n          We are Still endeavouring to preserve Peace. But one moves a Series of commercial Regulations, another a Sequestration of Debts, a third to prohibit all Intercourse with Britain, a fourth to issue Letters of Mark against Algerines, all tending to excite suspicions in Britain that We are hostile to her and mean ultimately to join her Ennemies. One firebrand is scarcely quenched before another is thrown in: and if the sound Part of the Community is not uncommonly active and attentive to Support Us We shall be draw off from our Neutral Ground and involved in incomprehensible Evils.\n          In danger of a War, that will be unnecessary if not unjust; that has no public Object in View; that must be carried on with Allies the most dangerous that ever existed, my Situation is as disagreable as any I ever knew. I Should have no fear of an honest War, but a knavish one would fill me with disgust and Abhorrence.\u2014\n          At nine o Clock at night I suppose your Election is over, and another fortnight will enable Us to guess whether An Adams or a Cushing is to be the great Man. Although the Old Gentlemans Conduct is not such as I can approve in many Things of late years, Yet I find it difficult to believe that the People of Massachusetts will forsake him in his last moments. Alass! his Grandeur must be of short duration if it ever commences. I Shall be happier at home, if Cushing Succeeds and the State I believe will be more prudently conducted.\n          The F\u0153deralists have ventured on a dangerous Manoeuvre. I am afraid the Delicacy which has usually attended Elections in New England, will be injured if not destroyed by these Elections of Governors and senators, so as to be never regained even in the Choice of Representatives. But We must fulfill our Destiny.\u2014 I am afraid I shall not see you till Election. I never longed more to be at home. Yours / most tenderly", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0079", "content": "Title: Charles Adams to John Quincy Adams, 10 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, Charles\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            My dear Brother\n          I received your favor of the 18 ulto inclosing the money you was so kind as to procure for me. I laughed for half an hour at the witticism upon Orator Adams\u2019 occupation. At the second Townmeeting I am informed you came forward and acquired much honor, as the business eventually redounded to the honor of the town of Boston I was pleased that you had signalized yourself I see very plainly whither your buck is tending in vain you may cry Quo me rapit tempestus it must be so you must be your fathers own son notwithstanding the rocks he has pointed out to you. Our Citizens have the greatest desire to be at war with England poor fools they know not what they do No place will fall a more easy sacrifice than New York at present there is not a shadow of defence and a single frigate in four hours might destroy twenty five millions of dollars of property At such a period I have one consolation I have not a shilling to loose and I sometimes thak God that it is so. Yet still I cannot but feel interested in the wellfare of those who are the Children of fortune. We have much ill treatment to complain of from all parties engaged in the European contest We overlook glaring injustice from France while England is the object of inveterate enmity. I sincerely hope that what is right and just will be done but parties among us are very high\u2014\n          I am my dear brother affectionately yours\n            Charles Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0080", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 11 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my Dearest Friend\n          You I presume are so much occupied and fatigued with the duties of your station that you can get but little leisure to write, for of late I have received only a few lines at a Time from you; I hope we may not be driven into a War but the present & past conduct of Great\nBrittain has been such that want of power and ability, are our greatest Security to ourselves and not the Humane Principal of Benevolence or Love of our Country, and tho this Principal has a powerfull influence in the Breast of the Good and virtuous, it would not have power to restrain the passion of those who feel them selves injured and agrieved. You will see by the return of votes that mr Adams is undoubtly chosen Govenour by a large Majority of the people, and it is probable mr Gill will be Leut Govenour judge, Cushing stands high upon the list, but the cry of Gratitude towards an old Servant of the publick, whose years could not be long, was powerfull, nor would they fix a stigma upon him by placing an other over his Head. their Principal was good, and I wish they may always act as wisely. yet at this very critical Time, a more National & unprejudiced Man as well as a more active one, might have proved a greater Blessing to the State. Two of the counsel Daws & Wendle are good Men\u2014 Austin, I need not say What, he has the Mechanick Interest, and the art of making them believe that he has some Brains\u2014 in the counsels of the National Government the confidence of the people appears to be strengthend and as the clouds thicken they look to them for counsel and direction. Thus much for politicks which amidst all my Rural occupations will find place in my mind.\n          I will now as concisely as possible tell you my plan of opperations. The two Tennants have been employd in putting the fences in order and in clearing Bushes in Curtiss pasture. Faxon would not remove a day before his lease expired which will be on twesday next. he has workd down the cattle in such a manner that they are not able to do much more. he has been breaking up ground with four cattle only. the Yoke he bought he takes off as I am advised by no means to give his price which is 21 pounds the oxen are old. he makes out an account and leaves himself in debt only seven shillings. in this neither Stock, or Wagon are included, yet he has used the Team constantly & beat out the Waggon Wheels\u2014 it will be impossible to go on with Buisness without purchasing an other Yoke of oxen, for there is a hundred load of Manure to cart out 9 acres of Hills to plow there and 1 acre & half at Thayers place. Faxon says there is three hundred load of manure. I wish his words were true. our people are plowing here and will sow next week. they Suppose they shall have near a hundred load of manure to cart out here. I have hired Arnold again for 8 Months for the same we gave last year, and an other Man for six Months for 45 shillings pr Month. mr Belcher leaves me\nthe begining of May, to go to mr Cranch. Copland offerd himself to me to day by the Month, and I can have him at the same price with Arnold. Shall I engage him? the Season is comeing on as buisy as any in the Year and shaw must have more help than one hand with him. I believe I shall hire copland without waiting to hear from you. these hands are used to the place & the buisness\u2014which makes some odds\u2014 I agreed with my Tennants upon the Terms you offerd Porter, with this difference, instead of wood for the year, only for the summer, & instead of 36 dollors for the dairy, with which he was not contented I give 30. but one request they have, that as they find themselves, and have Families they may have their pay Quarterly, and that I would advance them ten dollors apeice that whilst Grain is low, they may purchase. this I have agreed to, hopeing you will ratify all my proceedings I am in Quest of oxen & a Farm Horse. one or the other I must have immediatly\u2014both are wanted. I was thinking that if it would suit mr Smith to receive the freight of the furniture in Philadelphia to request you to pay it to captain Eames who will be there again in two or three weeks, and to let me retain in my Hands for the purchase of Stock & the payment of my Labourers and the suppliy of my Family, what you sent me. I have pay\u2019d the expences of the landing carting &c. of it.\n          we are now upon our sixth week of Tarring and the sluggs still Crawl. a Tedious buissness it has been as well as an expensive one. I have done more at the buisness than all the rest who have attempted it, in Town\u2014\n          your Mother is slowly Mending\u2014 this day for the first time Since last Feb\u2019ry I have been as far as weymouth, and in my absence much to my regret, judge Cushing and Lady calld with a design to dine with me, & Mrs Lowel & Mrs Cabot came to visit me.\n          shall I ask you a Question you cannot answer? why No I will not since I know you will not remain a day after you think you can return with propriety, to your ever / affectionate", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0082", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 15 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia April 15. 1794\n          Upon the receipt of your excellent Letter of the fifth of this month I Yesterday sent for our son Thomas and desired him to remit to his Brother at Boston for your Use two hundred Dollars. I have been at Expence to Purchase a Horse Saddle Bridle and Saddlebags to fix out Thomas to ride the Circuit with his Master Mr Ingersol. He begins his Journey on the 28th of this Month. This has left me without Money to pay my Board and my Journey home. If the Money you have is not Sufficient ask my Friend the General whose kindness has so often obliged Us to lend you what you want and I will repay him in June.\n          The House Yesterday passed a Resolution in Committee of the whole, whose Depth is to me unfathomable. The Senate will now be called upon to show their Independence, and perhaps your Friend to shew his Weakness or his Strength. The Majority of the House is certainly for Mischief, and there is no doubt they represent the People in the southern States and a large Number in the Northern. Vox Populi Vox Dei, they Say: and so it is sometimes, but it is sometimes the Voice of Mohamet of C\u00e6sar of Cataline the Pope and the Devil. Britain however has done much amiss and deserves all that will fall thereon. Her Insolence which you and I have known and felt more than any other Americans, will lead her to ruin, and Us half Way. We indeed are in point of Insolence her very Image and superscription. As true a Game Cock as she and I warrant you shall become as great a scourge to Mankind.\n          Our Furniture has had its last removal. Your Distress and Distraction at its landing is very strongly described\u2014 Whatever Crashes have happened shall be the last from Removals.\n          My Countrymen are going into a Career, that I shall not long follow. I dont expect another Election If I should peradventure ride out the storm for the Remainder of my Term.\n          I long to see you, but I fear it will be late in May if not the beginning of June\n          I am with ardent Gratitude and Affection / your\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0084", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to Thomas Boylston Adams, 18 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, Thomas Boylston\n            My dear Brother.\n          Mr: Newcomb has executed a power of Attorney, authorising you to receive his interest due. I herewith enclose it.\u2014 You mention in your Letter to your mother, that you expect to leave Philadelphia the 28th: of this month. But not where you purpose to go. I should be glad to hear from you once in a while. I think you are now in my debt upon the score of our correspondence.\n          War\u2014seems to be now the danger that most imminently besets us. What will be the consequences, if we should get involved in it, is\nbeyond the reach of calculation. The oppression which our commerce has suffered from privateers and privateering judges, is scarcely tolerable, and there is so much weakness, so much folly and so much wickedness in active exertion to foment every particle of our irritation, that it is hardly possible we should continue much longer at peace, if the War in Europe should not terminate.\n          Leonard White went on to Philadelphia, by the last stage\u2014probably you will see him\u2014 \u201cThere swims no goose so grey &c\u201d His taste is not the worse for being singular. You and I perhaps may go further and fare worse, though I have made up my mind tolerably well to the life of a bachelor. There is so much slavery in marriage, even at its best Estate, that it cannot be satisfactory, to one whose existence is liberty.\u2014 I fear I should make an inattentive, if not a neglecting husband, and mean to avoid the sin by denying to myself the happiness of the State.\u2014 As an observer however I should be much gratified with a sight of the meeting between those two Lovers.\u2014 Their enjoyment I think must be overpowering.\n          Affectionately your brother", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0085", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n          A memorable day in our Annals, which is all I shall say of politicks here. the season is very variable from hot to cold & cold to Hot, and much too dry; it has not raind since my poor furniture had such a share of it. the Trees just begin to Bud, and the ground to put on some little verdure. Faxon moved off two days ago and shaw removed in. we are getting things arranged as well as we can. I have purchased a yoke of oxen (and an other cow for Thayers place) I have agreed to take the Waggon and the Bull at the apprizment tho much too high. the yearling calves were apprized so out of Reason, at forty shillings pr Head, that the dr thought best to take only our half\u2014 there has been sad Havock made with the fencing stuff by Faxon I suppose. there will be no Hay to devide if there is enough to last till the 20 of May, which make me rather Backward in\npurchaseing on two more cows, which will compleat the Number we want. Joy has the three Cows I have bought with him, and I removed salt Hay from here for them, and bought half a load of Fresh. our Ground is all prepaird for the seed & tomorrow we Sow\u2014 we have carted what manure we thought we could spair upon the ground, first having it chopt over according to your old custom. some of my Hands are daily employd in that Buisness\u2014and in putting up the walls and fences. I would fain hope that no one thing may be left undone that ought to be done, and that your buisness may suffer as little as possible by your absence. you must make a large allowance in point of Buisness for Seven weeks constant tarring of Trees.\n          our son sees all your Letters when he comes to visit me which is not so often as I could wish. I believe he has his share of Buisness. how profitable it is I know not\n          your Mother has been with me this day. she rode out twice before, and she appears to recover as fast as a person 86 years old could expect to. she desired me to remember her kind Love to you, and to thank you for your good wife, to whom she bids me say under providence She is indebted for the prolongation of her Life \u201cI have obeyd her directions, and expressd her words\u201d\n          be calm as possible amidst the perplexities of State, nor let your Health Suffer the Lord Reigneth, let the Earth rejoice\u2014\n          I am with every Sentiment of affection & Regard Your\n            Love to Thomas\u2014\n            Mrs Brisler and Family are well. tell Brisler to preserve me a quart or two of Strawberries if he stays till Strawberry time\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0087", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 22 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia April 22. 1794\n          I recd. Yesterday your kind favour of the 11th. I have not been able lately to write you so much as I wished. The President has appointed Mr Jay to go to England as Envoy Extraordinary, in hopes that Satisfaction may be obtained for the Injuries done us in the Capture of our Vessells. I have no very Sanguine hopes of his Success, but if any Man can Succeed I presume he is as likely as any. At least he will give as much Satisfaction to the American People as any Man.\n          Mr Adams\u2019s Election is no surprize to me. I should indeed have wondered if he had been disgraced and should have lessened my Veneration for the sentiments of Justice and Gratitude in the Breasts of the People of Massachusetts. I wonder not at his lukewarmness at the national Government. I wonder rather that I am not as indifferent to it, as he is. He knows as well as I do, what a kind of Ennemies We are associated with.\u2014 I have no Apprehension that he will oppose or embarrass the general Government more than another.\u2014 A Governor must ex officio be good for nothing.\n          Mr Gills Election was not so clearly forseen by me. He however can afford to be Lieutenant Governor or Governor as well as any Man, and is for what I know as well qualified. One thing I know We have three Governors in senate neither of whom are a whit wiser or more virtuous than Mr Gill. The People are most afraid of knowing and designing Men, as Governors.\n          You conduct your Farm with great Spirit, and I wish you good Success.\n          Last night and to Day We have a charming Rain after a long droughth\u2014 I hope you will have rain enough for a fruitful Season.\n          I cannot answer your Question: but I hope the Appointment of an Envoy, will accellerate our Adjournment by Some Days.\n          Our Friend here is evidently disappointed. The Farm at Brooklyne will prove like that at Neponsit and like that at Cambridge.\u2014 These Advances to the Chair, are like the Advances of a Mistress: unless\nthey are attempted with great Address and Delicacy they are Apt to cool the Ardour of the Lover.\n          The Election of Mr Austin is no Way unexpected to me. The Mechanicks who think he has Brains, in my Opinion are not wholly mistaken. I wish he had more liberal Connections and better informed Advisers.\u2014 I wish he was a more Sincere Inquirer after Truth less under the Influence of Prejudices and less disposed to flatter the Prepossessions of others.\n          The House has resolved to prohibit British Manufactures next November. Whether a Bill will pass as currently as the Resolve I know not. And What will be the Fate of the Bill if it comes, in the Senate I doubt not.\u2014\n          The English have treated Us very ill: but Neutrality is so much preferable to War, that We shall bear somewhat, rather than fight. We must not bear too much however. The American People must not loose the Sentiment of their Forces, nor submit to too many and too deep humiliations. I am with / an ardent desire to see you, most / tenderly your", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0088", "content": "Title: John Adams to John Quincy Adams, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            Philadelphia April 23. 1794\n          If the combined Powers are exhausted by their Exertions The French must be no less distressed by theirs, and each Party thinks it is contending for Existence.\u2014 My Calculation is that the other \nPowers in Combination will hold out as long as England although Spain and Prussia may Slacken their Exertions: and that England will continue the War till the Three Per Cents Consolidated fall to fifty five or perhaps a little lower. This Campaign and next Winters Budget may reduce them from 68 where they now are to 60 and the Campain of 1795 and the Budget of 1796 will bring them down to 52 or 53\u2014 Then they must make Peace or become Bankrupt.\u2014 If America next Winter Should be forced into the War, the Stocks will fall more rapidly.\n          I congratulate the People of the Massachusetts upon the Discovery that they are not base and ungrateful enough to disgrace, in his last moments the Man to whom they are under the greatest Obligations. What a Tryumph it would have been to Despots through the World, to have Seen Sam. Adams forsaken by the People.!\n          I approve of your caution in political matters. These are times when Such Circumspection is as much a Duty as an Interest.\n          The Mediocrity of Fortune that you profess or affect ought not to content you.\u2014 You come into Life with Advantages which will disgrace you, if your success is m\u00e9diocre.\u2014 And if you do not rise to the head not only of your Profession but of your Country it will be owing to your own Laziness Slovenliness and Obstinacy.\n          Is there Such a Book in Boston as Pr\u00e9cis du Droit des Gens moderne De L\u2019Europe, fond\u00e9 Sur les Trait\u00e9s et L\u2019Usage. Auquel on a joint la Liste des principaux Trait\u00e9s conclus depuis 1748 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 present avec l\u2019indication des Ouovages ou ils Se trouvent.\n          Par Mr. Martens Professeur ordinaire en droit de la nature et des gens, et Assesseur de la Facult\u00e9 des Droits en L\u2019Universite de Gottinque. in two Vol. 12mo. It is somewhat like De Mablys Droit Publique de L\u2019Europe fonde sur les Traites.\n          This Professor Martens, to be sure, has had three of King George\u2019s sons, three British Princes under his Care, and his Work is dedicated to them Erneste Auguste, Auguste Frederic and Adolphe Frederic.\n          This Creature of their own, who to flatter them might make what Law of Nations he pleased, they quote as Authority to justify their orders of June 1793 for capturing all Provisions bound to France. Have I adopted a Style too much like that of Genet concerning Grotius & Vatell: if I have I ask Pardon of Mr Professor Martens and recommend his Book as a valuable Manuel. It is worth your writing to Holland for.\n          I have no Faith in the Doctrine that England has a right to consider all France as blocked up and in a state of seige.\u2014 It is a very pernicious System and America ought to set her face against it.\n          The other Doctrine too that they have a Right to capture our Vessells which have Produce of french Islands bound to Europe, is as arbitrary as the former.\n          and the third that they have a right to consider all the West India Islands as in a State of Seige is as bad as the other two.\n          I wish We had a Minister to The Empress of Russia and the other Northern Powers\u2014 If Russia connives at this maritime Tyranny she will hereafter repent of it.\n          The Armed Neutrality ought to be revived.\n          The French and English I see are confiscating Debts, and so are the Spaniards attaching shares in the Bank of st Charles. I wish you would enquire and ascertain these facts with their Dates. Pitt calls it Robbery and our Tracey calls it an Outrage on common Honesty\u2014 But Yet Pitt scruples not to commit Robbery in Retaliation for Robbery.\n          certain Americans will not forget to quote his Example and Authority. Adieu", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0089", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n          I last Evening received your of the 15th and our son the Remittance, which he went directly to pay but mr smith Says the Sum is this currency, whereas mr Brisler expressly wrote me that it was Philadelphia currency and after nameing the sum in pounds, was so particular as to calculate the sum in Dollers. Captain Eames has saild for Philadelphia so that mr smith must wait unless he will credit mr Brislers Letter which I have now inclosed to mr Adams\u2014 I expected captain Eames would have come up from the vessel before he went to Boston, but the rain prevented him. I have no doubt however that mr Brisler who is generally accurate in Buisness did not leave this matter at an uncertainty. if captain Eames is in Philadelphia when this arrives, he had better Sign with Brisler the agreement. I shall do the best I can to make the sum I have last till June. I have delayd any further purchase of cows till May. they will do but poorly without English Hay after they have calvd, and what stock we have will empty our Barns of all but fresh Hay. one of the oxen you purchased last Summer has been Sick with the Yellows & horn distemper and unfit for Buisness this fortnight, so that the odd ox which Faxon left has been of use. Your Brother has a pr which after planting he talks of selling for 25 pounds, but will not take less I gave for those which I purchased sixteen pound ten but they were not in so good order, and older than his. I thought you would turn the yoke of to fat which you bought last year as they had been so over workd, that as the spring advances they fail. we have an ox calld the Twin ox which has a wen and tis supposed that it would be better to turn him off after the spring work is over, but tis probable cattle may be purchased lower after the Month of May. we have the appearence of a dry time, a little rain to day, cold foggy weather our Barlly and Grass Seed are sown. our Men are employd in plowing for planting, at both places\u2014but we have many wheals to set in motion, and much more to look after than we had before. I have not\nbeen absent from home a single day Since you left me\u2014 at length the canker Worms have ceased and the catterpillar begins. I have had all the trees upon this place cleard oncce & I mean it shall be done once a week whilst they appear, but I can promise only for this place the work is so behind hand at the other place that we are driven with it. Shaw I knew to be a steady honest carefull Man his wife I knew to be active neat and clever. the other I took upon shaws recommendation. he is not bigger than Samll Curtis, but twice the spirit and activity of shaw, and it might have been more for our interest to have placed him here prhaps. he has a very likely woman for his wife to appearence, when he has workd here he has never faild being here by sun rise\u2014 I have got an other steady Soul who belongs to sandwick. I took him upon captain Beals recommendation for whom he workd two seasons & came up to let himself again to him, but the captain having let out Squantum to a French Gentleman for six hundred dollors pr Year, he did not want him. the captain says he is faithfull diligent & sober. I have no reason to think otherways of him\n          Would to Heaven you could retire from the Madness of Men to the Rural occupations of your own Farms\u2014and shut out the din of war and all its fatal concequences\u2014 the voice of the landed interest is not for war and I dare say it will be found a sound maxim that the possessors of the soil are the best Judges of what is for the advantage of the country. if an Enemy invades our country, every Man will rise for its defence, but when only the mercantile property is struck at, tho it ultimately affects the landholder Yet the Body of the people had rather suffer than wage war and ways and means will be found more difficult than in any former war, or I see but little way. France will aveng our cause, & we might resent when we are able, or punish them if we can without suffering greater injuries than we can retaliate. Words are easy, but ways & means difficult to obtain. I am my dear sir / With every sentiment of affectionate / tenderness Your\n            I saw mrs Brisler yesterday She and Family are well", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0092", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia April 30. 1794\n          Your favours of 18th. and 19th instant are so full of your Plans and Labours in Agriculture, that I begin to be jealous you will acquire a Reputation as a Farmer that will quite eclypse my own.\n          I rejoice at length that all Tenants are dispossessed and that Land stock and Utensils are now at our own Disposal.\u2014 I am glad you have bought a Yoke of oxen and hope you will buy a farm horse.\n          Our Thomas is fitted off with Horses saddle Bridle and Saddle Bags and on Monday last sett off upon the Circuit with Mr Ingersol\u2014 He will be absent Six Weeks. He goes to Chester Lancaster York Carlisle &c\n          Mr Trumbull our Friend the Painter goes with Mr Jay as his private Secretary.\n          I send you an illiberal Party Pamphlet or two and am tenderly\n            John Adams\n            Has Mr Cranch opend his Post office?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0093", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams Smith, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Smith, Abigail Adams\n            My Dear Daughter:\n          Whether we shall preserve peace, or be involved in war, is a problem, not easily solved; but I think we shall preserve our neutrality another year, and after that I presume that Great Britain will be weary enough with her war against France.\n          In the improbable case of a war, however, it would not be easy to take New-York, and it would be still more difficult to keep it. So large a fleet and so numerous an army must be employed, that I see not where the English can obtain them. They are in too much danger at home, to send away their defence to America.\n          I know not who are \u201chonoured with the attention of the President;\u201d but if any one has, to the neglect of the Baron, I am very sorry for it.\n          Mr. Jay is to carry no sword, that I know of, offensive or defensive; he is to require justice, and I hope will obtain it: if not, as he is generally thought to be a man of as much political prudence as any in our States, the people will be satisfied that nothing has been neglected or omitted by government, which ought to have been done in the way of negotiation.\n          The English Parliament will support the war another year, but they cannot continue it more than two years longer. Their finances, manufactures, and commerce, will not bear the burthen more than that term.\n          I am not able to say when I shall return. I hope Congress will rise the week after next, but cannot depend upon it. Whether I shall go by water from this city to Boston, or only from New-York to Rhode Island, I know not; but my family and affairs are suffering, as well as myself, so much, that I shall not lose a moment\u2019s time in returning.\n          My love to Colonel Smith and the children. Let me entreat you, my dear, to devote yourself to the education of those promising boys, and to the formation of their minds to study and to business. Men of pleasure, in all countries, are contemptible beings; men of science and literature, and men of business, only, are respectable, in this country especially.\n          I am, my dear child, / Your affectionate father,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0094", "content": "Title: John Adams to John Quincy Adams, 2 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            Philadelphia May 2. 1794\n          I have recd your favour of April 22 and am pleased with your Observations on the Doctrine of Reprisals on Choses in Action. As it is a Subject, which is likely to be discussed among Mankind for many Years to come, England France and Spain having lately attempted something of the kind, every Book which can throw any Light on it, ought to be looked up. Spain is Said to have confiscated or Sequestered French Shares in the Bank of st. Charles. The National Convention of France has lately attempted to compel Creditors of British Subjects if not of the British Nation to draw for their dues and Mr Pitt is employed in Parliament in making Retaliation. These Authentic Acts should all be collected and collated in order to see the Principles and form a system.\u2014 If the whole is not to be considered as Anarchic and Revolutionary. If it is We must have a little Revolutionary Retribution or Retaliation I suspect, before all is over, if Mr Jay cannot obtain Satisfaction in a more honourable Way. The Southern Debtors dont Seem to pant after Sequestration nor Confiscation, for this destroys not the Obligation of payment, so much as after War, which would suspend Payment at least. But with constant Declarations in Public for Peace, they frequently suffer to escape them in private Ardent Wishes for War and never fail to vote for every Measure that can provoke it.\n          The Executive and the Senate have preserved Us from War hitherto in opposition to the Ardour of the Majority of the H. of. R.\n          Whether Jay will make the Figure of Rabbi Monis\u2019s Man in Heaven, who understood no Hebrew, stand behind the Door with his Finger in his Mouth I know not.\u2014 But one thing I know John Bull had better be very civil to him. John has many Ennemies, and no Friends but Such as his Guineas purchase for him in Europe and his Purse will be exhausted in a Year or two. Thomas is gone the Circuit of Chester Lancaster York Carlisle &c", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0095", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 3 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            My Dearest Friend\n          I received your two kind Letters of April 19th & 22d I was much gratified by the appointment of mr Jay as Envoy extrodanary. I know not how the President could have made a more judicious choice, but there are Some evil spirits who would fault the measure of heaven & quarrel with the Angle Gabrial were he sent even to declare Peace on Earth, and good will to Men. the Jacobine clubs who watch over the measures of Government, sent their clue to Honest[us], hence the Chronical teams with abuse upon the exe[cut]ive, and clamours against the appointment of [the Chi]ef Justice. I have been credibly informd that Austin [li]ves Principally in the Printing office & has seldom quitted it, upon thursdays & Mondays till 12 at Night, or rather upon the Night preeceeding the publishing of the paper\u2014 I presume if the senate act with consistancy the Negative upon the non importation resolve will be as full as the vote in favour of sending mr Jay abroad, for I do not see upon what Principal they can vote for the one, and agree to the other. you will see before this Lord Lansdowns & Earl Wycombs speaches in the House of Lords, from which we may gather, that they are consious of the evils committed, and anxious for the concequences\u2014 after ways and means are devised I hope Congress will rise directly. their resolve respecting the Prohibition of British Manufactors, has already taxd the consumers twenty & thirty pr cent. the rise of all foreign Articles has been very rapid\u2014 many failures must be the concequence of the detention of our vessels & the depredations upon our Trade\u2014\n          upon the 12 of this Month a peice of land upon which the widow\nvesey formerly lived is to be sold at Auction, 6 Acres. tis expected that you will purchase it. the owner talks [of] a hundred and Eighty pounds for it. as it is to be sold at Auction, I have conversd with dr Tufts who does not think it worth more than ten pounds pr acre. yet to avoid bad Neighbours, he thinks I had better allow it to be bid up to 15 pounds but beyond that he would not advise me to go. I wish I kn[ew] your mind upon it and, whether you will think me distracted [by the] price. the buildings are good for nothing, the land worne out but still I should be loth to have a bad Neighbour there. I wish you would inclose to me a card to Gen\u2019ll Lincoln, and ask him to send me the Money if I should purchase it\n          The trees are very forward & we are like to have upon many of them a full blow, but the Season is dry.\n          tell Brisler his wife and Family were well to day. I am my most tenderly and affectionatly / Yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0097", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to John Adams, 3 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Adams, John\n          The return of some Gentlemen of the Philadelphia Bar gives me an opportunity of droping you a few lines; The Court has been engaged in many important trials, & contrary to their expectations are obliged to meet this day\u2014 Mr: Ingersoll however intends making part of the Journey, to Lancaster this afternoon; To prevent an interference of the Court of Com Pleas & the Supreme Court in Lancaster Coun[ty.] the arrangement is such that the Supreme [Cour]t passes Lancaster for York, & returns to Lancaster a week afterwards\n          I have passed a pleasant week\u2014 the County of West Chester is cheifly inhabited by Quakers, but I do not find that their doctrine of forbearance, has much tendency to diminish the number of Law suits, for I am told that in proportion to numbers there is as much business here as in any other long settled County\u2014 Most of the trials in County Courts are concerning Lands; a majority of trials this Court have been Ejectments. The Country about this place is very delightful\u2014the Season of the year is uncommonly favorable to\ninspire pleasing impressions; but independant of this, there are natural properties such as richness of Soil\u2014situation &ca: sufficient to justify my admiration. If the expression is alowable I would say that the Country is uniformly uneven, Verdant Hills, & cultivated Dales are the prominent figures of a variegated Landscape, and if I were not fearful of growing Poetical I would endeavor to enlarge the description; the land is said to be in general good\u2014 I have viewed it in almost every direction from this place a few miles round & I never was in a Country that pleased me more\u2014 U[pon] average I am told Land in this Count[ry costs?] 6 or 7 Pounds; just round the town a Lot [sells?] for \u00a3100 Pr Acre, but this is no rule for finding the value of a whole Plantatation. As to the town itself, nothing very striking or observable differ\u2019s it from other towns where there is a Court House five or six taverns, a Jail & from 40 to 50 Houses\u2014 it is situated high, and is said to be very healthy\u2014\n          I must not forget my little Mare, whose merits are so great that I am much in love with her\u2014 she travels well\u2014is perfectly sure footed, & by no means vicious; I hope her virtues may increase as they have allready expanded upon acquaintance\u2014\n          I shall be at York Town next week, where a Letter from you would be particularly agreeable to / Sir / your dutiful Son\n            Thomas B Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0098", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 5 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Senate Chamber May 5. 1794\n          I have this moment recd your favour of 25. April.\u2014 If you want more Money before June borrow it of the General whom I will repay when I return. The freight of the furniture was in Mass. L. M.\u2014 The Farm goes on admirably well\u2014 I am well Satisfied with all you do.\n          The Weather is terribly hot and dry for the season. Yet the Country looks charmingly. I hope to be at home by the first of June. Thomas is upon the Circuit.\n          Mr Jay is to immortalize himself over again by keeping Peace\u2014This will depend on the Valour of the french. I begin to rejoice in\ntheir Successes more than I did. The English have treated Us very ill.\u2014\n          We must Send a new Minister to France and another to Holland. Mr Fauchet begins to grace our Democratic Societies with his Presence. This must not be carried very far. These Assemblies are very criminal.\n          Oh that I was with you!", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0099", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to John Adams, 5 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Adams, John\n          In our Journey from West Chester to this place we lodged at Strasburg, a German Village 9 miles the other side of Lancaster; I had little opportunity of viewing the town, as we arrived at dusk & started at 5 oClock the next morning; the lands about it are valuable & well cultivated, the Houses are many of them built with logs, with a Cement of gravel mortar to fill up the chincks\u2014 the people appeared industrious and are said to be rich; we breakfasted on Sunday Morng at Lancaster; Judge Shippen who had lodged there was still in Bed, when we arrived; we stayed but a short time & then sat off for the Susquehannah; on every side the fields of grain met our eyes, and the extent of the Cultivation from the Road was a good indication of the richness of the soil. The river is said to be more than a mile in width, & is in many places so shallow that we were in danger of fixing on the Rocks we reached the other Shore however without difficulty; before I return, this River will be more familiar, as we cross it four times in the course of the Circuit. We dined\nupon fish, caught in the River called Carp, but the House was destitute of Liquor\u2019s except York Beer, which for want of Better was made to answer our purpose The Landlady told us that since there was no market for Flour the waggons had ceased going to Philada:\u2014& she could procure nothing of the drinkable kind for the accomodation of travelers\u2014 Here was the second instance I had met with of personal in convenience from the embargoe, in complaints of this kind\u2014 So far as I can understand, there is very little talk of Politicks in the Country\u2014 they appear perfectly tranquil, and as to war I have not heared a lisp of the kind\u2014 The Mail comes to this place but once a week & arrives on Sunday noon\u2014so that no letter can reach me here as I shall be in Lancaster on Sunday next\u2014 if you should incline to favor me with a line or two, it had better be directed to me at Lancaster where I shall hope to find it.\n          I am / sir / your Son\n            Thomas B Adams\n            PS I shall be glad of Fenno\u2019s latest papers one or two if convenient to send them me at Lancaster\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0100", "content": "Title: John Adams to John Quincy Adams, 7 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            Philadelphia May 7. 1794\n          In reading the Advertisement prefixed to De Lolme p. 6. I met a Passage which recalled to my Mind a Letter of yours concerning the Papers signed Columbus and the cold reception they met with among their Friends.\n          \u201cI shall add, says he, a few Observations, of a serious kind for the Sake of those Persons who, judging themselves to be possessed of Abilities find they are neglected by those having it in their Power to do them occasional Services, and Suffer themselves to be mortified by it. To hope that Men will in earnest assist in Setting forth the mental qualifications of others, is an expectation, which, generally Speaking must needs be dissappointed. To procure one\u2019s notions and Opinions to be attended to and approved, by the Circle of ones\nAcquaintance, is the universal Wish of Mankind. To diffuse these notions further, to numerous parts of the Public, by means of the press, or by others, becomes an Object of real Ambition: nor is this Ambition always proportioned to the real Abilities of those who feel it; very far from it. When the Approbation of Mankind is in question, all Persons, whatever their different Ranks may be, consider themselves as being engaged in the Same career: they look upon themselves as being candidates for the very Same kind of Advantage: high and low, all are in that respect in a State of prim\u00e6val Equality; nor are those who are likely to obtain Some prize, to expect much favour from the others.\u201d Here My son you may read your Destiny.\u2014\n          In the Discourses on Davila, you will remember, there were many Observations on the Universality Constancy and Energy of the Passion for the Approbation of others. very important Consequences were drawn from it\u2014 No less indeed than the whole Theory of Government, Despotic as well as free. Emulation which is the source of so many Virtues and the motive to so much good; is also the source of many Vices and much Evil. I wish I could See a compleat Treatise on this Ingredient in the Composition of human Nature.\n          You, I fancy, will, one day, find means of compelling, those who are now reluctant, to celebrate Talents which they see and feel although they do not acknowledge. Much reserve however is necessary much Delicacy and much Caution\u2014 A Man must not commit him self\u2014he must not furnish his Rivals with stories to tell, of his Pride of his Vanity of his Imprudence &c Indeed almost too much Design and Art and Craft, is necessary, for an honest Man to stoop to it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0102", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 10 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my Dearest Friend\n          I received your\u2019s of April 27th & 30th together with the Pamphlets last Evening. two of them from the spirit they breathe denote their origin to be of southern extract. they are a counter part with the attacks upon the Secretary made last year in the House. I have ever thought with respect to that Man, \u201cbeware of that spair Cassius\u2014\u201d this might be done consistant with prudence, and without the illiberal abuse in many respects so plentifully cast upon him. the writers however discover too plainly that envy Pride and malice are the Sources from whence their opposition arrises, in stead of the publick good. they are written in the stile & spirit of Honestus, a Rancourous malice or a dissapointed ambition at bottom. you and I know that in two Instances the Letter writer Lies most wickedly and from thence, if he could not be convicted in other instances yet we might safely conclude that many things which he alledges against the secretary are equally false, and I shall Say of the knavish writer as the Son of Vattel says of Genet, that the Books which he abuses will out live his malice and his Mushroom Letters: the North and South appear to be arranged very formidably against each other in politicks and one judas appears from this quarter too conspicuous for his honour, or reputation. tis said here that the Southern Members have promised him the vice Presidency the next Election if the southern states force us into a war\u2014 I hope their Negroes will fight our Battles, and pay these real & haughty Aristocrats all the Service due to them, from the Real & true Republicans. the Pamphlet upon\nProphesy I shall send to mr Cranch who has some time been upon the subject, and told me not long since, that he was persuaded we were entering upon the third woe Trumpet. he has borrowd the last volms of Gebeline lately which he is delighted with. when I have read the dreadfull Scenes which have past, and are still acting in France, when I behold so Numerous and powerfull a Nation overturning all their old established forms both of Government and of Religion opposing & baffeling so successfully so many powers, and that under no Government, that deserves the Name, I have been led to contemplate it, as no common or natural event, arrising from the pressure of any increasd burdens or any new infringment upon their Priveledges, but the over ruling hand of Providence fulfilling great designs. it is the Lords work and it is Marvelous in our Eyes\u2014 the skirt of the cloud will pass over us\u2014and thankfull may we be if justice and Righteousness may preserve us from its Artiliry\n          we are very dry, quite as much so as the last Season\u2014 I aim at no rivalship I only wish to fullfill my duty and pursue that which shall be for our mutual advantage. yet I fear I shall be deemd an unprofitable Servant and that some things will be left undone; which ought to have been done. I have the satisfaction however of thinking that I am more usefull here than I could be by residing at Philadelphia\n          I have very little hopes to give you respecting our aged Parent, who has had a relapse, and a very severe one, but has survived it, and is again better, tho mere Skin and bone, and unable to walk a step alone. tis the decline of Nature aided by a long Sickness. mr Cranch has accepted the post office\u2014 I check every rising wish & suppress every anxious desire for your return, when I see how necessary you are to the welfare and protection of a Country which I love, and a people who will one day do justice to Your memory the reflection however of always having done what you considerd as your duty, will out weigh all popular Breath and virtue be its own reward\u2014 I am most / Tenderly and affectionatly / Your\n            mr Jeffry has sent me the english papers to the 6th of March, and I have been reading the Parlimentary debates the President must feel a pleasure & satisfaction at the justice done to his wise and prudent conduct, and the enconiums paid to his Merrit. Britain has playd a knavish Game towards us, the extent of which, even those who condemn her conduct towards Neutral powers, do not appear\nto be fully apprizd of. I see not but she must humble herself and treat with the Ruling powers in France, or be overwhelmd herself.\n            adieu adieu\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0104", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 11 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my Dearest Friend\n          This day has been our May meeting and without clubs or even Drunkeness, tho we have little purity to boast of in that respect, our Election has been calmly carried, & your Brother chosen. it seems the Name is in high estimation, as the Prophet Samll. find himself not only first but second, being Elected by the people both Govenour & Liut Govenour which I believe is the first instance of the kind in this State. the Land I wrote you about was this day sold for more than a hundred pounds as your Brother informs me, and concequently I was out bidden. Dr Phips purchased it, as your Brother Supposes with an intention of Building upon it. the Town have agreed to sell the front seats in the Meeting House for pews\u2014and your Brother has told them that they shall have that in which we sit, for the use of the Aged, at what it will fetch and he means to purchase for you one of the others. I tell him I chuse that upon the right hand. I suppose they will be high, as that of old captain Beals was sold a few weeks ago at 40 pounds\u2014 Captain Beal will purchase one of them I presume\u2014\n          Dr Bracket of this Town lies dead. he was getting into practise & was much esteemed. mr Howard who mareid your Aunt Dyed last\nSaturday. Your Mother I think is better than she was a week ago. we are extreemly dry here, quite as much so as the last spring. we have but little News. if as tis reported Robertspear is absconded from Paris\u2014some important change will take place in their affairs. he may however have a hydra Head I see by the N york papers that the Gullotine has been advertized to be seen there. I think it should be as \u201cadvertized in England, Here is to be seen the Goulotine of the French\u2014and the Wild Beasts\u201d\n          I begin to expect your return, and one week of expectation will appear longer than a Month when I know you fixt. I am Sorry that the dry weather will give to my labours so unfavourable an appearence\n          present me kindly to all inquiring Friends and, as ever I am wholy / Yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0105", "content": "Title: John Adams to Charles Adams, 11 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Charles\n            Philadelphia May 11. 1794\n          Your Favour of April 19. I believe has not yet been acknowledged. The Extracts from the King of Prussia were very acceptable.\n          Yesterday I received your favour of May 9th.\u2014 You ask whether there might not exist Such an Equality in Society as the Democrats of this Day Seem to advocate? Yes my Son, there are many Such\nSocieties, in the Forrests of America, called Indian Tribes. Yet among these there are Princely Chiefs, noble Families and Aristocratical Sachems and Warriours. Plato\u2019s Laws, are a fictitious Example\u2014 But he thought himself obliged to prohibit Commerce and all Communication with Foreigners. Lycurgus prohibited Commerce & Intercourse with foreigners and made an equal Division of Lands it is Said. The Lawgivers of the East, both in China and in India prohibited Commerce or at least Navigation. Yet in China, they have an oppressive Aristocracy, tho under an Emperor and in India their Casts established as horrid Inequalities as any in Europe.\n          If you admit Arts and Sciences, Manufactures, Commerce and Industry into your Society, you must provide against all Inequalities of Property which will be the natural and unavoidable fruit of them.\n          If you exclude all Art and Industry, you must be Savages, and Submit to all the Evils of that State of society. Yet even there there are Inequalities, of Birth as well as Merit. The Tartars & Arabs who lead the Lives of shepherds are Said to be more absolutely under the Influence of particular hereditary families, than the Indians of America the Negroes of Africa or the polished Nations of Europe.\n          Plato not only equalized Property, or rather established a Community of Property: but in order to make this practicable or even conceivable he was obliged to introduce a Community of Wives and Children: knowing that unequal families would rise up, if Individuals had Wives and Children\u2014 But all systems so unnatural will forever be found chimerical: and impossible.\n          New England is happy from her Education and Institutions: but her happiness is preserved by continual Emigrations into the Wilderness. fill up that Country with People, and their manners & Institutions will change.\n          The other Evils you mention are Corruptions in Elections which arise from Ambition more than Avarice. Ambition or Emulation would exist where there is no Property, or an Equality of Property or a Community of Property. Emulation would produce Jealousy and Envy and consequently Crimes, in every state of society you can conceive, even that the most destitute of Property.\u2014 Love allso would produce disputes and Crimes in all possible states of society\u2014 even in Platos Commonwealth\u2014 For neither Love of Women nor of Children could be extinguished\u2014nor all Knowledge of Parents and Children prevented.\n          I am pleased to see your Mind taking a turn to such Speculations,\nand am glad you have got an office to your Wish. The Baron I fear will find too much Ennui in his retreat. Yet I long for mine\u2014 If I had his Land and even his small Income I should be tempted to follow his Example. I am indeed weary. May you, my son find an easier Path in Life, than that into which Providence has cast / your affectionate Father", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0106", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 12 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia May 12. 1794\n          The Weather is here very hot and dry, which renders our daily Service in Congress more irksome and occasions Some Anxiety for the health of the People and more for the growth of the fruits. I hope you have more rain and less warmth.\n          The House of R. have a Committee out, to prepare a Bill for the Ways and means: how Soon they will report I know not: how long it will take the Members after the Report to make up their Minds, is also uncertain\u2014 But I think when the Senate get Possession of the Bill, it will not require so long a time for them to decide upon it, some Way or other.\u2014 I cannot flatter myself however that I can leave this City, in less than a fortnight. If I can fairly get in motion homewards by the 26th I shall be happy.\n          I hear that the Friends of Mr Adams were driven to their Shifts in Boston. Obliged to assemble Lackies & footmen and Coachmen and an hundred free Negroes, to make up their Number. If this is true, I am sorry for it. The old Tories and their Satellites, have done much Injury to this Country by their constant Indulgence of their hatred of the old Gentleman and their ill natured Opposition to him. He will forever defeat them, unless the People loose all sense of Justice as well as Gratitude. He has more Merit than they all. and in my\nOpinion will be as good a f\u0153deralist as any of them would be, after being chosen Governor. We shall never see a Governor an Overzealous F\u0153deralist.\n          Clinton\u2019s Competitor is taken Away from the Evil to come. And there will be no Contest or but a faint one in that state, Unless Burr should become a Candidate.\n          Thomas has attended the Court at Chester and York town and is now I suppose at Lancaster. He is pleased with his tour. Oh my farm when shall I see thee\u2014 Oh my dear Wife\u2014 But there will be no End of my tragic Oh\u2019s and tragic Ah\u2019s.\u2014 / With the tenderest Affection", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0109", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n          The Alteration of Post Days or some other Cause has disappointed me of a Letter from you this Week, which is the first time I have failled of a Letter on Monday for several months.\n          The Weather has been very hot and dry here. Yesterday however We had a Light shower: but to day it is very hot again.\n          The House is slow upon the Ways and means the essential Measure which remains\u2014 But I think We shall rise by the first of June, and I fear not before. a tedious Six months it has been to me.\n          The Senate have given a gentle Check to a very contemptuous Reprobation of the Measures of Congress, voted in the statehouse yard by a Number of Tobacconists & sugar Bakers &c\n          By the Way this statehouse Yard is a beautiful Thing formed on an English Plan, like the Inclosure in Grosvenor Square. I walk there every day for Air and Exercise in the shade. It is not a Paines Hill nor a stow, nor a Leasows\u2014but it is pretty. I am, Patience almost / exhausted, tenderly tenderly tenderly yrs.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0110", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 17 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia May 17. 1794\n          The long continuance of the session, and the uncommon heat and drought of the Weather have made this, to me an unpleasant Spring. And to increase my Mortification, I have this Week received\nno Letter from you. I have not for Several months before, failed to receive a delicious Letter worth a dozen of mine, once a Week.\n          Well! Boston comes on! Mr Morton is now to be its Leader! How changed in Reputation Since 1788.!\n          I wonder not at the Choice of Well-born Winthrop. He might I Suppose have been chosen at any time. His Father was one of my best Friends. and The Son was a good son of Liberty. I know of nothing to his Disadvantage.\n          The F\u0153deralists committed an egregious Blunder, in a very unwarrantable and indecent Attempt, I had almost Said upon the freedom of Elections, at their previous Meeting for the Choice of Governor. The Opposite Party to be sure practice Arts nearly as unwarrantable, in secret, and by send agents with printed Votes\u2014 But this is no Justification unless upon Catos Principle In corrupt\u00e2 civitate Corruptio est licita. i.e. In a corrupt City corruption is lawful!\n          Elections are going the Usual Way in our devoted Country. Oh! that I had done with them.\u2014 We shall realize the raving in the Tempest, which Charles quoted to me in his last Letter.\n            \u201cIn the Commonwealth We shall by contraries\n            execute all Things: for no kind of Trafic\n            shall We admit; no name of Magistrate;\n            Letters will not be known, wealth, Poverty\n            and Use of service none; contract, Succession\n            bowen bound of Land, tilth, Vineyard none;\n            No Use of Metal, corn or wine or oil;\n            No Occupation, all Men idle all\n            And Women too; but innocent and pure;\n            No Sovereignty.\n            All Things in common nature should produce\n            Without sweat or endeavour; Treason Felony\n            Sword Pike, knife, Gun, or need of any Engine\n            Would I not have; But nature should bring forth\n            of its own kind, all foizon, all Abundance\n            to feed my innocent People.\u201d\n          This is Lubberland indeed\u2014 Le Pays de Cocain, I believe the French call it.\u2014 but it is terra incognita.\u2014 I am afraid We shall have too many of its qualities without its innocence.\n          I have no hope of Congress rising, before the last of May\u2014 Never in my Life did I long to see you more\u2014 I am most ardently / your", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0112", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 19 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia May 19. 1794\n          It is a fortnight to day Since I had a Letter from you but it Seems to me a month\u2014 I cannot blame you for one of yours is worth four of mine.\n          Three Bills, for laying Taxes are yet unfinished and there is little\nReason to hope that they can be finished this Week, perhaps not before the End of the next. I cannot see much room to hope to get away before the first of June. a tedious Seven Months it has been and will be to me.\n          The Committee of Merchants Mr Norris of Salem and Mr Lyman of Boston, have Seen how the Land lays here. They have returned to Boston with more correct Views of Parties in Congress than they brought with them.\n          The Projects for War, have been detected and exposed in every Shape, and under every disguise that has been given them, and hitherto defeated. What another Year may bring forth I know not.\u2014 Britain will not be in a very good condition to provoke a fresh Ennemy, in the Spring of 1795 with her 3 Per Cents Consolidated down at 55 or less; and they will probably be as low as that, even if the combined Powers should have better Successes than they have had.\n          I have no Letter from Thomas last Week. He was at Lancaster.\n          Mr John, I hear rises in his Reputation at the Bar as well as in the Esteem of his fellow Citizens. His Writings have given him a greater Consideration in this Place than he is aware of.\u2014 I am Sometimes told that I ought to be proud of him; and truly I dont want to be told this. He will be made a Politician too soon. But he is a Man of great Experience, and I hope sound Philosophy. He was a greater statesman at Eighteen, than some senators I have known at fifty.\u2014 But he must learn Silence and Reserve, Prudence, Caution\u2014above all to curb his Vanity and collect himself. faculties or Virtues that his Father has often much wanted.\u2014 I have often thought he has more Prudence at 27. than his Father at 58.\u2014\n          I am, impatiently yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0113", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 19 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia May 19. 1794\n          I have this morning recd your kind Letters of 10 & 11th. of May.\u2014 You mention Land bought by Dr Phipps which you had mentioned to me: but I have not recd any Letter from you which hinted at any Land\u2014 By this I fear I lost a Letter last monday by some fault in the Post.\u2014 however I want no more land at present.\n          A Pew I should like to have, and a double one too if possible.\u2014 I shall leave you & my Brother to continue the Business as well as you can.\n          The Weather is at least as dry here as with you\u2014 The Seasons of Rain seem to be past. such a Succession of dry Years, no man remembers.\n          My honoured Mother, I fear, will not Stay with Us long. Dr Welsh writes me discouragingly about her. My Duty to her.\u2014\n          The Joke about V. Presidency is but a Joke, I believe\u2014 The Man was tickled with his Pro temship, but I dont credit the other Insinuation\u2014 He has not been so Steady however this session, as usual.\n          My Brother will not vote for War, I hope before it is necessary as well as just. Great is the Guilt of unnecessary War.\n          I have not a doubt but the farm has been well governed.\u2014 I wish the State and the Nation may be as well conducted.\n          I cannot expect with any Confidence to see you before the 10th. of June.\u2014 I will sooner if I can.\n          I lament the Death of a promising, ingenious Youth in Dr Bracket: My Uncle Howard was a shock of Corn fully ripe.\u2014 My Aunt and my Mother must soon be gathered.\u2014 and then there will be no body before me.\n          The World is a Riddle, which Death, I hope will unravel.\u2014 Amidst all the Tryals I have gone through I have much to be grateful for\u2014 good Parents, an excellent Wife, and promising Children\u2014tolerable Health upon the whole and competent fortune.\u2014 Success, almost without Example, in a dangerous dreadful Revolution, and Still hopes of better Times.\u2014\n          I am most earnestly yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0114", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to John Adams, 20 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Adams, John\n          I was a little disappointed in not finding a letter for me in the Post Office of this place upon my arrival here yesterday\u2014 The arrangement, of the Posts is rather inconvenient in all the towns I have yet visited where there is any\u2014 In West Chester there is none, in York & Lancaster there is but one Mail Pr Week, as also in this place\u2014 the Mail arrived here yesterday from Philadelphia & another will not arrive till monday next\u2014 By this arrangement I fear I shall miss another letter\u2014 Your\u2019s directed to me at York\u2014I recd: yesterday by a Gentn from that place\u2014\n          There was much business done by the Court at Lancaster during the last week\u2014no trials of any great consequence, if the value of the property in dispute alone is estimated\u2014but the length of time that many of them had been upon the Docquet & the expence of the parties made it a considerable object to have them swept off\u2014 Lancaster is said to be the largest inland town in America\u2014 I believe it is\u2014 the people are industrious, & of course wealthy\u2014 The richness of the land in this County affords ample compensation for any labor that is bestowed upon it\u2014 It must be a great advantage to Philadelphia to have so large a town dependent upon it for every article of foreign Growth;\u2014\n          The farmers have heared that the Embargoe is not to be continued, & the price of flour in the City; this has put them upon the move with their Flour, & I presume we did not meet less than 50 waggons heavily loaded on their way thither\u2014many of them from this side of the Susquehannah\u2014 Our ride from Lancaster to this place, about 53 miles, was the pleasantest part of my journey\u2014 The people have got into the practice of raising Rye within a few years, instead of wheat\u2014 with this they feed their horses and make whiskey; It seems to me no very favorable symptom; & I think the change, much for the worse\u2014 We crossed the River about three miles below Harrisburg\u2014 The town was visible from the Ferry, but not distinctly. The Country for 14 or 15 miles on this side the River is beautiful beyond description\u2014 within the distance of 8 or 10 miles\nfrom each other, there are very considerable streams of water, which turn a great number of mills of all kinds\u2014\n          Lands on this side of the River 15 years ago sold for \u00a35 Pr Acre\u2014 they now sell for \u00a315 tho it must be the best kind of land to command this price; Round Carlisle good land [may?] be bought for \u00a37\u201310\u2014\n          My next remove will be to Reading, nearly seventy miles from this; If convenient, I shall be pleased at finding a letter for me there upon my arrival which I expect will be on Monday next\u2014\n          I am / sir / your son\n            Thomas B Adams\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0115", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 23 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n          I last evening received yours of the 12th and 15. the weather for several Days past has been extreem Hot, and as to the drougth it is much sharper than last year we have not had half an inch of rain for two Months & Scarcly a sprinkle for more than a month. neither corn or potatoes can get up, & the few things in the garden wilt like july. I am most discouraged at Farming. I have however Succeeded tolerably in keeping of the canker worm, tho some few have eluded all my vigelence. the caterpillar are also very numerous. every day convinces me of the necessity of an over seer for all the Farms. Faxon or some other Pirates, have made sad havock with the fence. we have already been obliged to carry up loads from here, and every day, new wants arrise, and every Neighbour is preying upon us\u2014 this place I can command but the other place has been too long free plunder to be easily relinquishd. we have attended to the salt Meddows, and been obliged to sit a fence against Jonathan Baxter. The embargo is a very popular measure here and there is much anxiety\nleast it should be discontinued flower & Grain have risen in a few days as well as Lumber. there will be speculators whilst there is Commerce. the report respecting the Election of mr Adams is I believe wholy unfounded. I never heard such a suggestion the people were much united in him, and those who did not wish him to be Govenour voted for him as Leiut Govenour the Jacobines have carried their points so far as to get Several of their Friends chosen Representitives for Boston the meeting was thin, and but little pains taken by the Friends of good order who always rest too secure in the justice of their cause, yet having had a full view of Southern politicks and Southern Elections, I begin to th[ink] we are much the purest part of the union. much as [they] hold Britain in disdain & abuse her constitution, they have adopted the most pernicious part in its most corrupted Stage\u2014 a pack of Negro drivers, they deserve chains themselves. I think you must be near exhausted by the length of the Sessions and your constant attendance\n          I am glad to learn that Thomas is gone into the Country upon a circuit. I hope he will get into Buisness\n          Your Mother remains much as She has been for some time past; Remember me to all inquiring Friends. mrs Brisler and Family are well, his Boy half Grown up\u2014\n          I hope Congress will soon rise, and that without doing any more mischeif\u2014Yours affectionatly", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0116", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 24 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n          Yours of the 17th came this day to me I do not know to what to ascribe the failure of my letters unless our son forgot to put them into the post office. I wrote you twice upon the very week of which you complain; & tho I have not faild writing to you once a week ever since you left me, I have not very often written twice, but some Buisness that week occurd which I wanted your opinion of. That\nMorton is chosen a Rept is not more disgracefull to Boston, than that some others hold a seat there, or than Austin is to the senate but in concequence of their having such Men, they have as a Town, much less weight in the Legislature than they used to have, and the F\u0153deralists may blame themselves for their careless Supineness. I never approved of the measures adopted by them with respect to the choice of Govenour\u2014but they must have been much misrepresented to you. the contest if it may be calld one was only between two candidates, & that maintaind with more Decency & decorum than any Election in any state out of N England. not a tenth part of the opposition to either which upon several Elections I have known take place with respect to Hancock and as to the report of free Negroes voting, I take it upon me to say tis Idle and false, as I never heard a syllable of it. if you had been here you would have been surprizd to find how little bustle there was about the matter. the people were generally disposed to support mr Adams, (as the full vote he obtaind will prove) either as Govenour or Leiut Govenour\u2014and tho\u2019 there was some News paper strictures and Bilingsgate, yet there was very little of it. I suppose some of the stories, have been fabricated to keep our virtuous Southern Brethren in countanance. Boston has behaved very well in many respects, during the whole of these troublesome times, and their democrats have not gone such lengths as in New York or Philadelphia. Jarvis frets & Austin clamours, scolds & writes in the Chronical abuse upon the Government and its Friends: yet in Boston all know who & what he is, and tis very little regarded. it appears to be the General wish that the Embargo may be continued. if you should stay into June & be in a situation to do it I should like whilst flower is low to have a couple Barrels of more flower, that Brisler Sent me is very fine\u2014\n          I received a Book and letter for you to day the Book is dedicated to you & is the History of the County of worcester by Revd peter Whitney of Northborough the Letter is short and handsome the dedication, may rather be calld an inscription, after the Name and tittles of office, is added, \u201cthis History intended to promote the knowledge of a part of his Native commonwealth is inscribed with all respect By his most obedient Humble Servant &c\u201d\n          I have been much gratified in reading it. as you return home I wish you would get one of Thomas\u2019s Bibles. he has printed three Editions and is prepareing to print two others\u2014\n          the weather is cooler to day, a small shower yesterday in Boston &\nCambridge of which we got not a drop, has however coold the air. God Grant it may be our turn soon, or Man & Beast will suffer Hay is very generally expended, and the drought raises the price prodigiously\u2014\n          I am my dearest Friend with the fond hope of giving you more than the Fraternal embrace, even that of an affectionate wife ever / yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0117", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 26 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia May 26. 1794\n          I shall inclose with this, some Letters between Randolph and Hammond which will shew you how quarelsome they are. Poor Fellows! They both desire Peace, but think themselves obliged to wrangle for their Countries.\n          It is fashionable to charge Wars upon Kings: but I think Le Peuple souvereign is as inflamable, and as proud and at the Same time less systematick, uniform & united: so that it is not so easy for them to avoid Wars. We have laboured very hard to preserve our Tranquility: but the Peuple souvereign is continually committing some Intemperance or Indiscretion or other tending to defeat all our Precautions. if We are involved in a War, my head heart and hands shall be guiltless of the Crime of provoking it. But it will be my Duty to Submit to the Legal Voice & Decree of my Country.\n          We have fine Rains here, for three days past, and I hope you enjoy a similar Blessing\n          I shall take Leave on saturday 31. of May: but cannot hope to get home before the 10 or 12th of June. The Journey lies before me, like a Mountain\u2014 I am too old and too feeble for these long Journeys, dry sessions and uncomfortable Sc\u00e6nes\u2014 I am at an Age when I ought to be at home with my Family.\n          I Sent 600 dollars to John last Week, which is our whole Allowance till september.\n          I wish you an agreable Election. Who will be Lieutenant Governor Gill or Gerry?\n          I wrote to Dr Willard, sometime ago a Resignation of the Chair of the Academy of Arts and sciences.\u2014 It would be a farce for me to hold it any longer.\n          My Duty to my Mother\u2014 Tell my Brother that I Suppose he was for War to make himself popular: but I am very sorry to find that warlike sentiments are popular in Quincy. I am glad he is chosen however and hope he will get our Town back to the County of Suffolk.\n          Adieu\u2014 My dearest Friend Adieu", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0119", "content": "Title: John Adams to John Quincy Adams, 26 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            Philadelphia May 26. 1794\n          Since, I wrote you this morning, at the request of Mr Randolph a thousand things occur to me to say to you, but as I have not time at present I shall write you from day to day.\n          You will have a Collection to make of the Journals of Congress and the Laws of the Union; and all the Reports of our Ministers of State to take with you.\n          You must remember all the Relations of the U. S. with all foreign Nations.\n          In holland you must be very cautious between Patriots and Stathouderiens.\n          In your Dispatches you must be very cautious and delicate in casting Reflections upon Nations, souvereigns, and even Courts and Parties. Write nothing which can give personal, party or national offence: unless the public good as well as the Truth, absolutely demand it of you.\u2014 You will have Loans & Money Matters to attend to. Study therefore, the Calculations necessary.\n          You must make yourself Master of all our disputes with England Spain, France. &c\n          You must Study the Lines & Boundaries of the United States.\u2014 You will have to watch the English Ambassador & all the Anglomanes. But I have not time.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0120", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to John Adams, 26 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, John\n          Mr: Dorr obtained a passage in the vessel with Mr: Jay, and Mr: Jones, had an opportunity to go from Newport, so that they had no occasion to make the application to Congress, in behalf of which I requested your favour.\n          I drew another petition some time since, for the manufacturers of snuff and tobacco in this Town, making representations against the tax proposed upon those articles. I know not whether you have seen this petition, or in what light it appeared if you did. In the house of Representatives I believe it was not read, and the tax I understand has pass\u2019d. I was somewhat puzzled for reasons to suggest against it.\n          The Session of Congress, I presume is approaching to a close; The prospects of immediate War appear to blow over. Whether we shall be able to make any terms of accommodation with G. Britain, and obtain proper satisfaction for her insolence and violence is still very questionable, but it is of infinite importance that we should preserve Peace, until war shall become a duty.\n          It is therefore fortunate for the Country, that the passionate measures which have been proposed, were all defeated. That for the suspension of intercourse with G. Britain was one of the most important of them. Your decision of that question probably gives the tone to our affairs for one season further. The fate of this Country depended upon that vote.\u2014 I expected it would have renewed the abusive system which was for some time so rancorously pursued, but which for some time past has drooped away. But very little has been said upon the subject, and I have not seen a single speculation in the prints upon it.\n          The cessation of the embargo is offensive to our Jacobins, who are reduced to the argument, that either the Congress were precipitate in laying it on, or imprudent in taking it off. I have silenced some of them, by avowing the former as my opinion.\n          You have seen the operation of democratic clubs, in this Town, by the dismission of Mr: Jones and the election of Mr: Morton as a\nrepresentative. Morton has of late been a violent sans-culotte and faction covers at least as great a multitude of sins as Charity.\n          The opposite party have not so much industry, and have not the advantage of an organized system. Otis had about 200 votes but did not obtain his election. Jarvis was formerly his warm political friend, and probably viewed him as a disciple of his own; but finding him untractable, and rather falling into the other scale, he has forsaken him, and of course carried off a powerful interest. Jarvis\u2019s electioneering influence in this Town, is very great.\n          I think I have every day less ambition than the former, to pursue a political career. In my profession I trudge along, without eminence, and without total idleness. I see very few things in this life beyond the wants of nature, that I desire: and whether it be philosophy or insensibility, I find myself contented with my state as it is.\n          I hope to see you in the course of a few days, and remain in the meantime affectionately your Son", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0122", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia May 27. 1794\n          It is proper that I should apprize you, that the President has it in contemplation to Send your son to Holland, that you may recollect yourself and prepare for the Event. I make this Communication to you, in Confidence, at the desire of the President communicated to me Yesterday by the Secretary of State. You must keep it an entire Secret, untill it shall be announced to the Public in the Journal of the Senate. But our son must hold himself in readiness to come to Philadelphia to converse with the President, secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury &c and receive his Commissions and Instructions, without Loss of time. He will go to Providence, in the Stage and thence to New York by Water and thence to Philadelphia in the Stage.\u2014 He will not sett out however untill he is in form\u2019d of his Appointment.\u2014 Perhaps the Senate may negative him, and then his Journey will be unnecessary.\n          I shall go in the Stage on saturday to New York, and be at home I hope by the 12 of June", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0123", "content": "Title: John Adams to John Quincy Adams, 29 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            Philadelphia May 29. 1794\n          Yesterday the Senate advised the Appointment of Mr short to Madrid, but there has as yet been no nomination to the Vacancy at the Hague. The Person however is determined on, and the Nomination will probably be made as soon as I am gone homewards\u2014 I have but one night and an half more to stay here.\n          This Nomination, which is the Result of the Presidents own Observations and Reflections, is as politick, as it is unexpected. It will\nbe a Proof that Sound Principles in Morals and Government, are cherished by the Executive of the United States and that Study, Science and Literature are recommendations which will not be overlook\u2019d. It will or at least it ought to have in England and Holland more Effect, than any Thing that has been done, except perhaps the Appointment of Mr Jay. It is a Pledge given by the American Cabinet, that they are not Ennemies to a rational form of Government; and that they are not hurried away by a wild Enthusiasm for every unmeaning Cry of Liberty, Republicanism and Equality.\u2014 It will be a Serious Trust for the Man appointed. It ought to make a deep Impression on his Mind. Such Trusts are Sacred Things. The Law of Nations, and Diplomatique Researches, should engage his early Attention as well as the Dutch Language: but especially every Thing relative to the Interests of the U. S.\u2014 a few Years Spent in the present Grade, will recommend him to Advancement to higher stages and larger Spheres.\n          The Interests Views and Motions of the Belligerent Powers, will engage his constant Attention and employ all his sagacity.\n          He must come here and read before he goes all Mr shorts & Mr Dumas Letters\u2014 He must consult with The President Mr Randolph and Mr Hamilton.\n          He must attend a little to his Dress and Person. No Man alive is more Attentive to these Things than the President. neat at least and handsome.\n          When he gets to Europe he cannot keep a Coach, nor keep House\u2014 Dress is an abominably expensive Article\u2014but he will not run into it I hope.\u2014 He may dress and ought to dress as handsomely as any of them: but he ought not to change so often. Economy must be his study and his Practice.\n          In his Dispatches he ought to be very cautious, and he ought to employ all the Elegance and Art of his Pen.\n          I shall drop hints broken hints from time to time for I have many Things to say.\n          Dumas Luzac, Willinks, Vanstaphorst, Crommeline\u2019s &c will be your first Acquaintances: but you must be upon your guard even with them", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0125", "content": "Title: John Adams to John Quincy Adams, 30 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            Philadelphia May 30. 1794\n          The Senate have this Day unanimously advised and consented to the Appointment of John Quincy Adams to the Hague.\n          If this Event should affect your Sensibility as much as it does mine, it will made a deep Impression upon Your Mind, both of the Importance of the Mission and of your obligation to Gratitude Fidelity and Exertion in the Discharge of the Duties of it.\n          At two O Clock tomorrow Morning I Sett off homewards.\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0126", "content": "Title: Daniel Denison Rogers to Abigail Adams, 2 June 1794\nFrom: Rogers, Daniel Denison\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            Dear Madam\n          After a Number of mortifying Disapointments I am happy at last in having it in my powers to present you a Miniature Copy from an Original Portrait of Mrs: R. done by Mr: Copley:\u2014it appears to be well executed and I think a very good likeness\u2014\n          Nothing could have been more flattering to me than the Request you were pleas\u2019d to make of a likeness of my Angel-Wife nor anything more mortifying than the Delays which have attended the obtaining it\u2014 If our departed friends are conscious of what passes here, and are susceptibe of additions to their Happiness, I am sure that a wish on your part to keep alive a kind Remembrance of a warm, tho\u2019 transient friendship here will be an Increase of Happiness to our departed friend: whilst the Hope of a Renewall of it must be a fresh Source of Bliss\u2014 Mrs: Rogers\u2019s Letters to me when absent, were replete with Acknowledgments of the Obligations she was under to you for the kindest Attentions and politeness: and she ever took delight in expressing her Love, Esteem and Respect\u2014\n          It is pleasing to reflect that such friendships will be renewed hereafter: indeed it would be horrid, for a Moment to think that Death is eternally to seperate those who were particularly dear to each other on Earth:\u2014 Mrs: R. was a Woman of uncommon Virtue and unaffected Piety\u2014the more I reflect on her Conduct in Life, the more estimable she rises:\u2014 in prosperity or Adversity: Health or Sickness, she was the never ceasing Adorer and Lover of her Creator and Redeemer\u2014a pleasant, agreeable, amiable Companion\u2014 a warm faithfull Friend\u2014 she neglected no Opportunity for doing good, but study\u2019d to be usefull and acted well her part in Life:\u2014\n          The Endeavour to embalm the Memory of a Woman of so many amiable, estimable Virtues, and pleasant agreeable Qualities in the Minds of her friends, as well as in my own; will, I hope, be delightfull to me thro\u2019 Life, and may apologize for my being thus particular\u2014\n          I beg you, Dear Madam, to present my Respects to the Vice-President on his return, and to believe me, with the greatest Esteem and Respect, Dear Madam, / Your much oblig\u2019d & most obedt. Hum1. Servt.\n            Daniel Denison Rogers", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0127", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to John Adams, 3 June 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Adams, John\n            Philadelphia June 3d: 1794\n          I arrived in Philada: on Sunday Morng & was not a little disappointed at finding you had taken your departure only the Day before; I hastened my return from Reading, that I might reach Philada: before you left it. My Journey has been as pleasant as I co[uld] wish, & I have returned not a little prejudiced in favor of the State of Pennsylvania. If my conject[ures] are well founded, it will be nearly the richest State in the U[ni]on in a very few years. The River Susquehannah is the widest & most shallow, I have ever seen; the Soil within 8 or 10 miles on each side of it, is a rich Black mould & the growth of the Trees, Grain & Grass appears peculiar to itself. I received great civility from the Gentlemen of the Bar in the different Counties; but I saw no place during the Circuit, which held forth sufficient inducements for me to quit Philadelphia\u2014 As yet I have not found an Office to my mind; my Present Landlord has concluded to stay in the same house, I must therefore find a Room in the Neighborhood for my purpose, or remove my Lodgings somewhere else\u2014\n          Congress did not rise to Day as was expected\u2014 Some new Communications from the President relative to indian affairs, it is thought will detain them a day or two longer\u2014\n          With Respect / I am &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0128", "content": "Title: Elizabeth Smith Shaw to John Quincy Adams, 9 June 1794\nFrom: Shaw, Elizabeth Smith\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            Haverhill June 9th. 1794\n          My Dear Nephew could not suppose a Friend to merit, could read a Paragraph in last Saturdays Paper, without feeling themselves gratified, by finding that the opinion of Persons of the highest eminence entirly coincided with their own\u2014\n          He who has obstinately, & undeviateingly persevered in a course of Study, who \u201ccan bring back at Eve, the manners of the Morn immaculate,\u201d & steadily pursue the Path of Virtue, though Pleasures allure, & Temptations await him, is the only fit Person for the Publick to confide in. They shall bear the Palm, if they faint not And though \u201cConfidence be a Plant of slow growth in the publick Mind,\u201d yet when once rooted, it generally yeilds its Possessor a rich, & valuable Product.\u2014 I presume the desire of deserving the Esteem, & obtaining the Plaudit of your Country, will not lesson your anxiety, & Concern for her Interest\u2014 The late appointment of the Presidents will be an additional weight; & the Atlas of publick Care, which has for a long time oppressed you, will now (I fear) fix an indeliable [tr]ace upon your Brow\u2014\n          William Cranch of whom you ever speak with so much Love, & affection, has not yet become a Votary at the Shrine of Hymen\u2014 He pines\u2014he languishes for the sweets of domestick Life; & as heaven has formed him with a Mind peculiarly suited for that State, I am grieved that Fortune has not blessed him with sufficient Property\u2014 As she is a fickle Dame I hope she will soon shew herself more kind\u2014for if rectitude of Heart, & sweetness of Temper can entitle any One to her Favours W. C. has an undoubted Claim\u2014\n          And now permit me, my worthy Nephew to congratulate you upon the cold apathy which you say has, (or you fancy has) taken\npossession of your Breast\u2014 If real, it must be extremely advantageous to your Peace, & Tranquility\u2014\n          When I have beheld you nobly struggling with those tender Passions, which few at your age, would have thought of contending with\u2014& seen you sacrificing your own Inclinations, to Situation, & filial Duty, my Heart has honoured, & paid a silent Tribute to your merit\u2014 I knew that your Health suffered\u2014& indeed I feared you would have fallen a Victim to the strength of your Reason, & your frozen Judgment\n          Perhaps, no one, knew better than myself, the strong emotions which tore, & agitated your Mind\u2014 I could have sat by your side & counted out Tear, for Tear\u2014 I longed to lighten your Heart\u2014& to have you pour out all your Grief, into my feeling\u2014faithful Bosom\u2014\n          But you must pardon me, if I could not (feeling as my heart is) but smile at your fears, that the Tyrant Love, would never again take possession of your Breast, even though your Circumstances should permit you, to sollicit his recall\u2014 Believe me, my dear Nephew, if virtuous Friendship be the Basis, (& upon no other build) a Soul like yours, susceptive of every fine emotion, can never be in want of Objects to light the Torch, & place his affections upon\u2014 for there is no Principle in Phylosophy more just, than that a noble generous Heart, will gravitate towards O[ne] he finds in Unison with his own\u2014 And that there are Ladies possessed of those qualities of the Mind, & those Virtues of the Heart, which beggar the \u201cwealth of Ormus, & of Ind\u201d\u2014 every Year evinces, & introduces upon the Stage of Life, some new Candidate for the nuptial State\u2014\n          Amiable Minds are said to be the most susceptive of Love\u2014 Your Heart has felt his Power, & bowed full many a time at the Shrine of Beauty, & Excellence\u2014 Yet let me hope, that whenever you may wish to pay your Vows at the Altar of Hymen, you may find a Daughter who excelleth them all\u2014in real worth, as in Beauty\u2014Who is deserving of your highest Esteem, & tenderest Love\u2014One, who (as the Poet says) \u201clooks like Nature, in the Worlds first bloom\u201d\u2014 And when judgment, & cool Reason gives a sanction to your Choice, then may you find all your Sacrifices\u2014all your Anxieties\u2014Your daily Labours\u2014& midnight Toils amply rewarded in the Love, & affection of this happy fair One\u2014\n          \u201cHappy they\u2014the happiest of their kind, whom gentler Stars unite, in one fate, their Hearts\u2014their fortunes, & their Beings blend\u201d\u2014\n          Perhaps you may wonder that I should take up the Ideas in your Letter of May 23d. 1793, & notice them at so late a period\u2014 But be assured I have read it repeatedly, & felt myself soothed, & honoured by the confidence you are pleased to repose in me\u2014though I might never have written, if the late appointment, had not have pressed it upon me as a Duty, owing to a Nephew I sincerely loved, & in whose Prosperity, & Happiness I felt myself highly interested\u2014\n          If the wishes of your Friends, & the tender Affection of an Aunt, can be any inducement to you, to make us a Visit in Haverhill, you certainly will not leave America without seeing\n            Elizabeth Shaw\u2014\n            Please to excuse the writing as my Eyes are poor, & Abby Adams is round me all the time chattering like a Mag-Pye\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0129", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to Abigail Adams, 14 June 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dear Mother\n            Philadelphia 14th: June 1794.\n          It is a fortnight to day since my return to the City, & I have been waiting the arrival of every Post in hopes of hearing from my friends\u2014 I missed seeing my Father by one day only, & I have not yet heared of his safe arrival at home. It is probable you are busy in preparing my Brother for his departure\u2014 I hope however he will be called to Philadelphia before that takes place\u2014 I know not whether it be necessary that he should come here, but at least I wish it. It seems as if our family were destined to distant separations; it is within three Days of Six Years since your return from Europe, which I believe is the longest period for many years that the whole of our Family have sojourned in the same Land. Like the Patriarchal\nfamilies of old, we have wandered thro\u2019 strange & foreign regions, not in search of \u201cthe Promised Land,\u201d but for promised honors & expected benefit. I too have travelled. In the course of five weeks I visited the rich & fertile Counties of Pennsylvania. Wealth, Health, & consequent contentment, were the Guests of every village\u2014 Vegetation of spontaneous growth every where charmed the Eye, while the product & reward of Laborious industry afforded a gratification as pleasing to the Spectator, as it is profitable to the owner. I passed a week in each County where the Court was held, & it would be difficult for me to decide, which claims the prefference in my opinion. West Chester, York Town, Lancaster, Carlisle & Reading, were the five I visited; I also passed thro\u2019 Harrisburg on my return. This last is situated directly upon the Fertile Banks of the Susquehannah; in point of local situation it has the advantage over all the others; but within two or three years past, it has been subject to Ague\u2019s & Intermittant\u2019s; particularly last Fall\u2014 it lost more inhabitants in proportion to its numbers, than the City of Philada:; but for this circumstance the growth of this town would be as rapid as it has been hitherto; there are now 2 or 300 houses, & 8 years ago, there was but one & that was the Ferry house. The water, through out the Country I visited is said to partake the qualities of the Limestone, & I found it peculiarly serviceable to my health; The exercise of riding on Horseback so long a Journey was rather more severe than I have been accustomed to, but tho\u2019 it took away some of my flesh, it contributed much to my health. If it were not for the expence of keeping a Horse in the City, I should be fond of retaining mine till Fall\u2014 I could not have been suited better for my purpose any where\u2014 The only objection is that it is a female, which among Beasts of burthen & service is not much of a recommendation. But I am in debt for my Bard between fifty & sixty Dollars, & for other things a few more, & I must endeavor to make so good a bargain of my Beast, as to pay my last quarter\u2019s expences.\u2014\n          I have the promise of an Office in my neighborhood & hope to be in it shortly, I could have got one before at a distance from my lodgings, but the convenience of having it near me, induced my delay.\u2014 If I can make my Office support itself for the first year, it will be as much as I expect, tho by no means so much as I could desire\u2014but we must all be humbled before we are exalted\u2014 I never was much in love with myself, & I feel less so [no]w than ever.\n          With the warmest affection / yours &ca:\n            Thomas B Adams\n            P S, Be good enough to inform me if Newcomb\u2019s money arrived safe\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0130", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to Martha Washington, 20 June 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Washington, Martha\n            my dear Madam\n          I cannot omit so good an opportunity as the present by my son of paying my respects to you, and of acknowledging the honor done him by the unsolicited appointment conferd upon him by the President at a very early period of Life I devoted him to the publick, and in the most dangerous and hazardous time of the War consented that he should accompany his Father in his embassys abroad, considering it of the utmost importance that he should receive his early Education & Principals under his immediate Eye, and I have the satisfaction to say to you Madam, perhaps with the fond Partiality of a Parent, that I do not know in any one Instanc of his Life conduct either at home or abroad, he has given me any occasion of regreet, and I hope from his Prudence honour integrity & fidelity that he will never discredit the Character so honorably conferd upon him. painfull as the circumstance of a Seperation from him will be to me Madam I derive a satisfaction from the hope of his becomeing eminently usefull to his Country whether destined to publick, or to Private Life\n          Be pleased to present my most affectionate Respects to the President and my Love to master Washington & Miss Custus from Madam Your obliged Friend / and Humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0131", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to Abigail Adams, 8 July 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dear Madam\n          The stage in which I had engaged a passage for Philadelphia this morning, has gone away by mistake, and left me behind, which gives me leisure to write a line by my brother. He intends to pay you a visit this summer, and will be the bearer of this.\n          I was detained three days in Newport for a wind, but otherwise have had a very comfortable passage from Boston hither\u2014 I find my health better than when I saw you, and hope that the heats of Philadelphia, will not prove injurious to it. I shall make as short a stay there as possible.\n          I have met here with Messrs: Talleyrand and Beaumiez, who are about to proceed eastward, and will in the course of a fortnight or three weeks pay you a visit. I have likewise seen a Mr: Colomb, an aid to Mr De la Fayette; who went to Europe in 1779 with us on board the Sensible. \u201ctempora mutantur et nos mutamur in illis.\u201d Mr: Colomb and I sat and conversed very sociably together for half an hour before either of us discovered that we had been formerly acquainted, and fellow passengers.\n          If you do not understand my Latin quotation, I must plead the example of the most respectable authority as a precedent to excuse my inserting it.\n          Mrs Smith and the family are well, but her children were in the Country, and I was disappointed in not seeing them.\u2014 At three this afternoon I start for Philadelphia, from which place, I hope you will shortly hear from me.\n          In all duty and affection, I remain your Son.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0134", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to John Adams, 14 July 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Adams, John\n            Philadelphia 14th: July [1794]\n          Your kind Letter by my Brother was delivered a few days since; as the proposal it contains is of very considerable importance, I have taken time to consider it before I returned an answer. As you have been good enough to leave it in my option whether to adopt the plan, or not, I shall express my sentiments with the freedom which your indulgence seems to authorize. I am sensible that a young man, just commencing his career in the line of a Profession, should have no local attachments but such as are founded on the superior advantages, immediate or remote, which one spot may claim over another; Nor should favorable prepossessions be indulged, farther than they are subservient to his interest. My prospects in the Profession as yet, are not of that flattering nature, which would induce me to forego an offer of greater advantage in another place; but from mature deliberation on the idea of removal to the Office of my Brother in Boston, and consultation with him on the subject, I am induced to believe, that my continuance here will be most favorable to my interest. I have occupied an Office nearly opposite my Lodgings, for three weeks past; for which I am to pay at the rate of Seventeen Pounds pr Ann; I have the use of a Library belonging to a young man, who was my predecessor, and who gave up the Office for my accomodation, sooner than he otherwise would have done, and entrusted me with the management of several causes yet unsettled on his Dockett. These are the inducements which opperate on my mind for remaining in Philadelphia, and tho they are in some\nmeasure circumstances of a casual nature, the least I can do is to think them fortunate. I have felt more satisfaction in the three weeks attendance on my Office, than for Six months past; & tho my consequence hitherto has depended on my own opinion, at least I have enjoyed some satisfaction in the anticipation of its further extension. In making this choice, I renounce the satisfaction which a nearer residence to my Parents would afford\u2014but so long as the Office you hold requires your attendance at this place for some months in the year, I shall enjoy the pleasure & benefit of your company. Here I have already made a begining in the Profession\u2014in Boston I am unknown\u2014 Here I have qualifyed myself in some degree for the Practice in this state\u2014In Massachusetts I should have to learn the first rudiments\u2014 But droping the parralell I will close with observing, that at all times I shall pay obedience to the commands of my Parents, tho\u2019 in a matter of option I may give my reasons without reserve for not closing with their proposals.\n          With much affection / your Son\n            Thomas B Adams.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0136", "content": "Title: Martha Washington to Abigail Adams, 19 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, Martha\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dear Madam\u2014\n            Philadelphia July the 19th 1794\n          Mr Adams (your son) presented me with your obliging favor of June the 20th. and I pray you to accept my thanks for your kind remembrance of me; and the assurance of the pleasure I felt at hearing that you had quite recovered your health again.\u2014\n          That parental feelings should be put to the test at a seperation (perhaps for years) from a dutyful, and meritorious son, is not to be wondered at; but as there is no trial bereft of consolation, so in the one before you, you have a flattering v\u1ebdw of his future welfare.\u2014 The prudence, good sence and high estamation in which he stands, leaves you nothing to apprehend on his account from the want of these traits in his character;\u2014whilst abilities, exerted in the road in which he is now placed, affords him the fairest prospect rendering\neminent services to his country; and of being, in time, among the fore most in her councils.\u2014 This I know is the opinion of my Husband, from whom I have imbided the idea.\u2014\n          he begs me to present his best wishes and respectful compliments to you, and joins me in sincear regards for the Vice-President\n          With very great esteem I remain / Dear Madam your / affectionat Servant\n            M Washington\n            Nelly and Washington write with me in good wishes for miss Smith", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0137", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Quincy Adams, 20 July 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n          I received your Letter this morning of the 12th and one from N york by your Brother Charles, who got here the day before commencment; in good Health & spirits. your Father and Brother, myself and Louissa all went together to commencment. the weather was uncomfortably Hot. it was otherways an agreeable day. I hope you will not experience any unusual inconvenience from the Heat of Philadelphia. your stay there will not be longer than you are obliged to. I cannot think of your going abroad without returning here. Your Father will write to you respecting your Proposal for Thomas\u2014 you knew my mind upon the Subject before you left me. provided you had an allowence for a secretary, I have always wisht that your Brother might have an opportunity of going abroad for a short period of Time, and as you are inclined to have him accompany you, I think it is not probably that a better opportunity will ever present itself, for him, as you may be mutually benificial to each other, and it will not be so Solitary to you. I will not take my own personal feelings into the question. What ever may be for the benifit of my children I acquiese in.\n          Tilly went as I wrote you to get innoculated but as no other person presented they thought it would not do to take one person only. he is however determind to go with you & risk it.\n          Let me hear from you by every the post I think you will be like to get a passage from hence as readily as from N york or Philadelphia. I have a request to make you and Your Brother. if there is a minature painter in the city Set for your Liknesses large enough for\nBraslets & if You get them give them to mr Anthony to set with a lock of each of your Hairs to be put on the back together with Your Names in a cypher and whatever the expence may be I will repay you here. the Likeness may be taken and the pictures left with mr Anthony as it will take him some time to set them. you must Spair Time for it if possible\u2014\n          Yours affectionatly", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0138", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to John Adams, 27 July 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, John\n            Philadelphia July 27th: 1794.\n          I expected to have been on my way to Boston before this; but Mr: Hamilton is gone into the Country, and I cannot be supplied with my instructions untill he returns. He has been expected every hour these four days, and it is very possible that four days hence he may still be hourly expected. In the mean while I am here lolling away my time, and sweating away my person, with nothing to do, and waiting with as much patience, as I have at command.\u2014 I am unable to say therefore when I shall leave this place, but hope it will be by the middle of this week.\n          But I presume that my instructions after all will contain nothing very particular. The Secretary of State says that the mission is almost exclusively reduced to a pecuniary negotiation.\n          To have nothing further to do, but to borrow money, and superintend the loans already existing, is an employment, to which for a certain Time I have no reluctance in submitting. It is a situation in which my services may be of some small utility to my Country, and which may afford me a valuable opportunity to improve my own information and talents: but I cannot think of it with any satisfaction as a permanency whether I consider it with reference to the public or to myself.\n          As it respects the public it is a situation of small trust and confidence under the present circumstances. The credit of the United States stands upon such ground, that very little or none of their future success or failure will depend upon the personal character or\nabilities of their Representative there. And I presume the Executive Government of this country will not think it necessary to keep a minister constantly resident at the Hague, for the sole purpose of occasionally borrowing a sum of money for the public at Amsterdam.\n          Should that however be the policy of the Government, and should it be at my option to continue from year to year in this state of nominal respectability and real insignificance, it is proper for me to determine how long I shall bear it: and this is a subject of much reflection and much anxiety to my mind.\n          I have abandoned the profession upon which I have hitherto depended, for a future subsistence; Abandoned it, at a time, when the tedious noviciate of hope and fear was nearly past; when flattering and brightening prospects were every day opening more and more extensively to my view; when I was at least upon a footing of equal advantage with any one of my own standing in the profession, and advancing if not rapidly at least with regular progression towards eminence: when the reward of long and painful expectation began to unfold itself to my sight, and give me a rational hope of future possession. At this critical moment, when all the materials for a valuable reputation at the bar were collected, and had just began to operate favourably for me, I have stopped short in my career; forsaken the path which would have led me to independence and security in private life; and stepped into a totally different direction.\n          To that profession I can never return without losing many of the advantages, which rendered its practice tolerable. The reputation which hitherto I had acquired was still very much confined and limited; it was founded upon four years of constant application and attention to business. My absence will not only stop its growth, but will carry me back to that obscurity in which I began. The study of the common and Statute Law has nothing attractive to secure any attention to it unless some inducement of immediate interest serves as a stimulus. My business, and my studies in the character which I am now to assume, have very little affinity with those of a practicing lawyer; I shall probably have but little leisure, and shall not be disposed to devote it to Kings-Bench or Chancery Reports, to Littleton\u2019s Tenures or Coke\u2019s Commentaries. Yet these studies must essentially be uninterrrupted to preserve the learning of a lawyer, and two or three years intermission will have the double effect of disgusting me with them, and of disqualifying me from the practice of the Law, without a redoubled application to them.\n          In proportion as my own professional advancement will be checked that of my contemporaries and particularly of those who started from the goal nearly at the same time with myself, will be promoted. They will continue to make their way, and will in a few years have reached the summit of reputation and of business.\u2014 My juniors who are now just opening their Offices, or are yet students will then have reached the station from which I have departed, and thus after having been elevated to a public station much beyond my own wishes and expectations, and invested with a character more conspicuous than those of my fellow citizens of equal years and standing in the world, in returning to the bar I shall descend as much below the level of my ambition and pretensions as I have been by my present appointment raised above it.\n          The profession therefore can be considered by me in no other light, than that of a last resort, in case all other resources should fail; and yet I have no reason to suppose, that any thing more eligible will occur to me in case I should at the end of two or three years be destitute of public employment.\n          Unpleasant however as this perspective is, I think it infinitely preferable to that of remaining in the public service, to perform duties which may be executed equally well by any other man; and with the consciousness of holding a public office without confidence, without utility, and for no other purpose than barely to give me a subsistence\n          The idea of being many years absent from my Country; from my family my connections and friends is so painful that I feel a necessity for fixing upon some period to which I may look forward with an expectation of being restored to them. The distance between the two Countries is so great and the communication of course so small, that it is hardly possible for an American to be long in Europe, without losing in some measure his national character. The habits, the manners and affections insensibly undergo an alteration; the common changes to which Society is incident remove many of the friends and connections which he left behind him, and no others are substituted in their stead; his own propensities are so liable to follow the course of the stream into which he has been launched, that he gradually takes an European disposition, becomes a stranger to his own Country, and when at length he returns finds himself an alien in the midst of his own fellow-citizens.\n          The attachment which I feel for my native Land, is not merely a sentiment of the Heart; it is also a principle dictated by my Reason.\nIndependant of my feelings and Inclinations, I hold it to be a duty of the most rigid obligation, to make the place of my birth, the centre of all my wishes and the chief object of all my pursuits. Wherever my lot may be cast; I hope I shall always turn towards it with as much frequency of devotion and as constant veneration as that with which the most faithful disciple of Mahomet presents his face towards the tomb of his prophet. I cannot therefore look forward with indifference to any situation that shall have a tendency to loosen the ties which connect me with my Country. I cannot anticipate without concern a length of absence, which may give my inclinations a bias different from that of my duty.\n          For these Reasons I am convinced of the propriety there is in marking out for my own determination the limits of Time for the duration of my present mission. It is very possible that I may have no occasion for any such limitation, and that my commission will be superseded by the will of the President, as soon or sooner than I shall desire; but this is an Event which is wholly out of my controul and which therefore cannot enter into my calculations.\n          If after three years residence at the Hague, I should see no particular object requiring my further continuance there; if the business of an American Minister there should continue to be the mere agency of a broker, and my office be of no benefit but to me, I shall feel myself under an obligation to return home; and resume my profession or any other employment in private life, that shall afford me an honourable support.\n          I have written very freely to you Sir upon this subject, because I wish to have the sanction of your opinion and your advice. The principle which I have adopted has been so consonant to your own practice, and has been in my mind so clearly the result of your instructions, that I think it cannot but meet with your approbation.\u2014 Perhaps the Time upon which I have fixed may not preserve so accurately the medium as I should wish, and if you are of that opinion, I must solicit you for the result of your reflections, in writing if it be not too inconvenient.\u2014 Your kindness will excuse the unceasing egotism of this Letter, which could admit of no apology, were it not directed to the indulgence of a parent for the purpose of obtaining the guidance of paternal wisdom.\n          Since I wrote you last my brother has received your Letter, and I have the answer to mine consenting to his going with me. You have been kind enough to promise him the continuance of your assistance to him, to enable him to bear the expences of his foreign tour;\nbut since I made the application to you, I find that an allowance is made for a private Secretary, and my brother is willing to accompany me in that capacity; so that he will have it in his power to unite business and amusement, and may have the advantage of travelling without incumbrance to you.\n          In ten or twelve days I hope I shall see you at Quincy, and in the mean time remain affectionately your Son.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0139", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to Abigail Adams, 29 July 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dear Madam\n            Philadelphia July 29th: 1794\n          I am still waiting for the arrival of Coll: Hamilton whom it is necessary for me to see before my departure, and who has been detained several days in the Country by the sickness of a child.\n          I received your favour of the 20th: instt: and my brother is now prepared to go with me.\u2014 We should be very happy to comply with your request respecting the bracelets, but we shall certainly not have time for the miniatures to be taken here; and indeed our miniature painters are so indifferent workmen, that it will be best to have them done in Europe.\n          A very serious opposition to the collection of the Excise has taken place in one of the western Counties of this State. The Collector\u2019s House has been burnt down, and an action between the insurgents and a company of soldiers terminated in the loss of several lives.\u2014\n          I enclose with this a pamphlet which has just made its appearance; written as I judge from the face of it by some Englishman, but I know not any Briton in this Country equal to it.\n          There is much party spirit, much virulence, and some\ncontroversial disingenuity conspicuous in this publication. It is certainly not written with a view to popular approbation. But I believe the Doctor and his friends would not find it an easy task, really to answer it\u2014\n          A french fleet of forty sail which went from hence about a fortnight since has been picked up by an English squadron on the Coast; and a very small portion of them have escaped.\u2014 There is some suspicion I believe of treachery among the french, or by the American Pilots who were with them; but I know not exactly what it is.\n          On the other hand the combined armies in Europe, have no reason to boast of their success. Their situation is even extremely critical. And the violent measures pursued by the ministry in England, indicate a consciousness of internal weakness more than any thing that has hitherto occurred.\n          No account of Mr: Jay\u2019s arrival as yet.\n          The Secretary of State and Hammond continue bickering and recriminating.\u2014 If the latter is not absolutely instructed to pick a quarrel with us at all hazards his conduct is very indiscreet. He is now at New-York.\n          A pompous Letter from London giving an Account of the present internal state of France has been published in most of the newspapers here, and has probably found its way into those of Boston. It was written by Jackson, the ci-devant Secretary to the President. It contains information really important, but I know not how far it is to be depended upon. There is a circumstance which proves that the author was vain of his Letter at least.\u2014 He addressed and sent it to two different persons: Mr: Pinckney in London, and Mr: Willing in this City.\u2014 Mr: Pinckney sent a copy of it to the Secretary of State; so that when Mr: Willing received that sent to him, and was anxious to communicate his very interesting intelligence, he was greatly surprized to find that the President was already in possession of it.\n          Instead of Salvator-Rosa, methinks this incident would supply a tolerable subject for the pencil of Hogarth.\n          I write very freely: indeed I find it difficult to realize that henceforth my Correspondence must be armed at all points, or confidential. It will take me some time to ease myself in diplomatic buckram completely. I have no occasion to request of you that my future letters, may be reserved from all but my father\u2019s inspection.\u2014 You will easily distinguish those parts of them which are intended only for yourself and him.\n          I am in all duty and affection your Son", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0140", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to Thomas Boylston Adams, 13 August 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, Thomas Boylston\n            My dear Brother\n          Coll: Hamilton arrived in Philadelphia, the night before you left it, but from the pressure of business more immediately urgent, was not prepared for me untill last Friday. On that Evening I left the City, in company with Genl Knox, and arrived here (quite overcome\nwith fatigue, and somewhat unwell of the complaint which you brought from the same place) on Saturday at about 6 in the Evening.\n          The Secretary of State supposed he should have some farther commands for me, and requested me to stop here until Friday next, accordingly, I have hitherto been here recruiting my health & strength.\n          So long as my departure is delayed by the orders of my Superiors, I must submit cheerfully, but I am very anxious that no additional delay of my own should postpone the voyage, beyond the line of absolute necessity. I hope therefore that you will have some Vessel ready to Sail, within a few days after I reach Boston. The best season for the Voyage, we must be content to lose. I shall sail for Providence on friday or Saturday, I hope; and in the mean time am affectionately your Brother", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0141", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to William Cranch, 15 August 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Cranch, William\n            Dear William\n          Your last favor was handed me by Mr C Hall on the road between Philadelphia and New York\u2014 It gave me pleasure to receive it, particularly as it was delivered by a Gentleman for whom I have the highest esteem, and who from the satisfaction that was visible in his countenance, discovered the pleasure he must have received in his visit, and the still greater gratification of your acquaintance. I have so far proceeded in my arrangements for leaving the Country as to have arrived safely in this place, and am now waiting with no small degree of impatience for an opportunity to Embark\u2014 You know the hurry, bustle &c of such a period as the present, and therefore will pardon me in telling you, that present appearances afford me no prospect of paying a visit to my favorite spot in which you have the happiness to reside. It may however be possible, but if not, the consequence must be that you come and pass a few days with me. I shall be happy if it is in my power to save you the trouble, but if your business will admit your absence for a few days, it will\nprobably be more convenient, than for me to visit you. My Brother whom I left in Philadelphia, has not yet arrived in Boston, tho\u2019 I expect him by every Post; when he returns I shall be able to inform you whether a week of pleasure can be afforded me or not. As there are no vessels up for London at present, the period of our Embarkation is yet uncertain\u2014 We may be detained four or five weeks; and if in that time all matters can be brought to bear, I will run away to you with as much eagerness as ever a hungry boy ran to his breakfast.\n          Your Family were all well yesterday; Present me affectionately to all your friends at Haverhill and receive for your individual self the best wishes of\n            Thomas B Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0143", "content": "Title: Elizabeth Smith Shaw to Abigail Adams, 10 September 1794\nFrom: Shaw, Elizabeth Smith\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dear Sister\u2014\n            Haverhill September 10th 1794\n          My Cousins most agreeably supprized me by a Visit\u2014 I had been informed that your Sons were to sail the week before\u2014 I thought they were upon the wide Ocean, & many a fervent wish for their saefty T had breathed forth\u2014 I am sorry I could not have the pleasure of seeing my other Nephews, especially your eldest Son, as perhaps, it will be many a year before I see him, if ever\u2014 It is an unstable world we live in\u2014 And we Sisters seem to be called, to be separated from some of our dearest Connections all at once\u2014 For I must think, I shall feel the Separation from Mr Cranch, even more than his own Father, & Mother\u2014 For I had considered him as fixed among us\u2014as a dear Relative, & worthy Friend, as a Protector to me, & my Children, one whom I hoped to have lived, & died with\u2014but Providence seems to be pointing out to him another Place\u2014a Sphere of more extensive usefulness, I trust, & ought I to murmur, or to repine.\u2014 He that cuts of one branch, can cause another to shoot forth\u2014& if it is best, it will be done\u2014 Reliance upon the wisdom, & goodness of the divine Being, has the most salutary effect\u2014 We derive from it, our sweetest Comforts, & it gives peace, & serenity to the mind when nothing else can\u2014\n          Cousin Betsy is much better, riding she finds of service, I hope\nshe will be able to make you a visit at Quincy when my Cousin Lucy returns\u2014\n          The bag the oatmeal was in, I should be obliged to you, if you would send it\u2014 It is a nice one for my William to pack his Cloaths in\u2014 I mean to do his washing\u2014 more cloaths is necessary, but I can do it, better than hire\u2014 what you was so kind as to give me I found of great service, they were much better than we could afford to buy\u2014 turning the hind part before, & making them over again, made quite useful small cloaths\u2014\n          Adieu my dear Sister\u2014may you, & Yours be protected from every kind of danger, & evil\u2014\n            Elizabeth Shaw\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0146", "content": "Title: Charles Adams to Abigail Adams, 22 September 1794\nFrom: Adams, Charles\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dear Mother\n          My books arrived in good order and well conditioned the day after I last wrote to my father. By some mistake the 28th volume of The Dictionaire Diplomatique was left behind. Though I have not seen an account of the departure of my brothers I suppose from my father\u2019s last letter that e\u2019er this they must have sailed One half of your children are called away from you and though seas do not divide you from the others yet necessity obliges them to be absent but wherever they are I trust they never can forget the maternal tenderness you have ever exercised toward them. You have indeed been a mother to us and such a one as we never can too highly value. My sister wishes you to pass the winter with her but I fear you will not again venture from home. Mrs Fitch has been very civil to me they appear to have a great affection for our family She says one of the principal inducements that Mr Fitch has for coming to settle in America is the friendship he has for my father The opinions of people here are very various respecting the success of Mr Jay\u2019s mission. We have accounts that Genl Wayne has taken several British subjects in a late engagement with the Indians and hung them upon the trees I do not vouch for the truth of this but the conduct of the officers of the British Government towards this Country bear not a very favorable aspect. The antifederalists here predict that the whole power of the United S[tates] cannot quell the insurrection in Penn[sylvania] that open hostilities must be commenced there is no doubt for the indignities offered to the Commissioners cannot be overlooked The volunteers from N Jersey and Pennsylvania are very numerous In the former State they would not agree to the regular draft but insisted upon drafting for those who should not go. There has been as yet no requisition from this State if there should be one I shall take my musket and march in the ranks as I have been drafted as one of the minute men: this will not be altogether so convenient for me.\n          On the fourteenth of October I shall set out for Albany The earnest solicitations of the Baron have drawn a promise from me to spend a few days with him at his solitude after I have passed my Counsellors examination. I have always lamented that you have so little acquaintance with this excellent man I never have know a\nmore noble character and his affection for me calls forth every sentiment of gratitude which can exist in my breast. I hope you will write to me frequently I feel as if every day some friend and I have not many was taken from me to those who remain I am more strongly attached but the affection to my Mother can never suffer any alteration I shall ever remain as heretofore I ever have been yours with the sentiments of the purest filial tenderness\n            Chas Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0147", "content": "Title: Samuel A. Otis to John Adams, 16 October 1794\nFrom: Otis, Samuel Allyne\nTo: Adams, John\n          Agreeable to intimation I have been enquiring for accommodations for you but to no purpose unless you should like rooms in Francis\u2019s house. It is not easy to know exactly what will be agreeable to our friends tho we may sometimes please ourselves\u2014 I have gone so far however as to engage with Francis on condition you like & wish for your immediate answer\u2014\n          Francis\u2019s house is in 4th Street near Indian Queen.\n          He will let you have a genteel room, front, one pair of stairs for a drawing room, & A convenient & contiguous lodging room on the same floor\u2014 Breakfast & Coffee in the afternoon in your own\nappartments, dine with the Gentlemen lodgers, to number of nine or ten, to be all members of Congress\u2014 To accommodate Mr Brasler with a lodging room & board\u2014you to find your own liquor fire and Candles and pay twenty dollars the week for self & Sert accommodated as above to wit: Two rooms for yourself & a lodging room for Mr Brasler. You will please to observe, If you ask company to dine transiently you pay consideration pr Man. If you make a dinner specially, for which by the way there will be no occasion, you agree specially\u2014 The price & large company will be objectionable, but I suppose the members of Congress for a single room must pay 10 dollars a week & 4 or 5 for servant\u2014 You have two rooms & Valet de Chambre a lodging room. As to the Company they will be all members of Congress. If you go to private logings you will perhaps be obliged to sit down with some tradesman & wife or both\u2014 And Iz\u2014\u2014d who is breaking up house keeping & sending off the baggage says he\u2019ll be d\u2014\u2014ned if he sits down to dine with a hairdresser\u2014 However I have endeavored to state matters to your view minutely and to add, tis not black Sam but the other Francis, who with wife appear to be decent kind of people, that I am in negotiation.\n          The fever and ague has prevaled at New York New Jersies & thro this State and City. Intermittents also prevail, And there have been a few cases of yallow fever. People however are now pretty easy. No cases have happened of yallow fever above 2d Street, and fever & ague abates\u2014\n          Fitzsimmons will be run hard if he dont lose his election. Tis hoped however that the army will bring him in. The Legislature having provided for their voting by special statute.\u2014 The accounts are favorable from the west\u2014 The President being expected prior to the Session\u2014 Mrs Otis & Miss S join me in best remembrances to yourself & the ladies\u2014\n          I am / Sir / Respectfully / yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0148", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to John Adams, 19 October 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Adams, John\n          I embrace the earliest opportunity to acquaint you of our safe & happy arrival at this place after a Passage of 28 days. I scarcely conceive it possible at any Season of the year to have a more delightful Voyage; we got soundings on the 21st: day after our departure, and arrived at Deal on the 28th: in London the 29th: exactly four weeks from the day of Embarkment at Boston. With a fast sailing vessel we should probably have made a much shorter passage, for during the first 23 days, we had not six hours unfavorable wind\u2014 With such good fortune the Atlantic Ocean would become a much less formidable object; I thought myself quite an experienced Navigator compared with some on board, particularly our Servant, who was during the greater part of the time rather in need of attendance, than capable of affording any. My Brother scarcely lost his appetite, and our fellow Passenger Mr: Walker was as little indisposed as myself. \u201cIt is a good Bridge (says the proverb) that carries you safe over\u201d; our Ship, tho\u2019 old, leaky, & weak has brought us in a short time & in perfect safety, upon this principle she deserves our commendation; we might have gone further & fared worse.\n          Since my arrival, I have scarcely been able to do any thing of consequence; if the novelty of the scene into which I have entered does not confuse my ideas too much, I shall be able perhaps at an early period to commence the subject of Politic\u2019s, at present I can attempt only to give the flying rumors of the day, without being able to distinguish the degree of probability due to any of them.\n          The French have within three months past, been successful beyond calculation; they have penetrated into Holland, much farther than at any former period; they have taken Bois-le-duc, Crevec\u0153ur &ca within a fortnight past, and the general apprehension here seems to be, that they will in a short time, be in possession of Amsterdam\u2014 The Stadtholder is at present invested with absolute power, & the only question seems to be, whether he shall capitulate for his Country & surrender it under the best terms he can make to the French, or make the attempt to save it by inundation\u2014a measure to which we are told the Dutch are less inclined at this moment, than at any former period\u2014\n          There is a rumor of a Battle having been fought by Genl Wayne, & the Canadians in conjuction with the Indians; scarce a day passess but some story of this sort is buffeted about, to keep the mind in agitation, or to answer some stock jobing purpose\u2014and yet, if a war should take place between us\u2014not the hundredth part of this people would know the cause or the occasion\u2014 It is certain to me, that they never make the enquiry upon any occasion\u2014whether right or wrong, is not a matter that seems to concern them? Why should it? The Government under which they live appears to be essential to their happiness, and if in need of support or defence it must & will have it\u2014\n          Yet the Administration appear to have terrors and apprehensions, which are real, or they are merely fictitious, and are to be used as the signals of destruction to some of the most obnoxious characters in this Kingdom. Under an accusation of Treason several persons are now in confinement; Bills of Indictment have been found against them & their trials are shortly to come on; among others is the celebrated Horne Tooke\u2014\n          Mr Jay\u2019s negotiations are much the subject of conversation; what he has done, or is likely to effect is as little known here, as in America\u2014 I have heared but one sentiment expressed upon the subject by the people I have seen; it is, that the dispute may be amicably adjusted; the expectation however of the sudden accomplishment of so vast an object, is not so sanguine here, as with you\u2014 Diplomatic delay is perhaps better understood. Mr Jay is rather indisposed by a Rheumatic affection in his head; he is better at present, than we found him upon our arrival\u2014\n          At present I can only add that I am in all / duty & affection / Your Son", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0149", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to Abigail Adams, 20 October 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dear Mother\n          A Passage of 28 days, landed me & my fellow Passengers safe on the shore of England\u2014 Our desire was to be put on shore at Dover, but the tide being against us from the place where the Vessel came to, we were obliged to put in to Deal; a little swindling village a few miles above Dover; here we landed, & asif we had been made of Gold or something more precious, the people were crouding round us by dozens. I assumed an aspect as ferocious & forbiding as I was able, but it neither prevented their officiousness, nor disconcerted their most disinterested civility. I had prepared Whitcomb for the reception, by all the previous instruction within my knowledge, and I believe he was fully persuaded, that every man he saw was a Knave, and not to be trusted out of ones sight, nor in it. I gave him the Counter sign, & he let go the end of a Trunk which a sturdy Porter was attempting to take up, & which would have cost some trouble but for the sign. Whitcomb was sick most of the Voyage, & was not only useless, but an incumbrance; you informed me of one complaint which I found very prevalent at Sea; and your specific for it was the only thing forgotten; I trusted to you or Dr: Welsh to have it put up; but neither our private medeine chest, nor that belonging to the Vessel contained it. A spoonful of Castor Oil would have prevented many bad effects, which other medicines did not for a\nlongtime relieve\u2014 we all found ourselves tollerably well upon arrival; indeed I was really Sea sick but about 12 or 20 hours, & that on the second day. The weather for the most part was pleasant enough; sometimes a little blustering but as it was usually fair, it was perhaps better to have too much, than too little\u2014\n          Since my arrival here, I have scarcely been able to transact any business; when the novelty of the scene shall be passed, I hope to rally my scattered senses, round the standard of reason & moderation once more. At present, were I to attempt a description of the different impressions I have received, my language must partake of the incoherence of my ideas; wandering as a dream, & more rapid in succession, a detail at present might bear a nearer resemblance to a real reverie, than afford a true sketch of occurrences.\n          For the movement of the political waters, I must refer to what I have written to my Father. It is a small portion only, of the news of the day, & very hastily, drawn. We are waiting for the return of the Mail from Holland to learn the real state of affairs in that Country, and what we are to expect upon our arrival there\u2014 The general apprehension here seems to be that the ruling powers of Holland will negotiate the most favorable terms with the French, they can; but it scarce admits a doubt, that the French will be able in a short time to impose what terms they please. It will not be a pleasant thing to reside in that Country at this period; but since the death of Robespiere the system of the French is said to be less sanguinary, & should they even overrun Holland during our residence, we may chance to escape molestation. In the course of a week from this time, we expect to take our departure from London.\n          Mr: Jay we found somewhat indisposed, but he has recovered so far as to go out\u2014 He is treated with a vast deal of respect & attention. A War with America, is the subject of conversation, but the universal wish so far as I have heared seems to be for peace & amity\u2014 The French are & have been successful, beyond all calculation for four months past.\n          I cannot omit to mention the Civility of Mr. Dickason & his family;\u2014every attention has been shewn us by them within their power. In the procurement of our Bagage we have received every assistance. Mr. Vaughan, Mr Bird, and in short every person to whom we have been introduced, have discovered a disposition to serve us, much beyond my expectations. I shall certainly be ennamored with the hospitality of this people, whatever drawback may arise from other sources\u2014\n          I wish to say a thousand things more, but for the present must content myself with subscribing\n            Thomas B Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0150", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to Abigail Adams, 25 October 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dear Madam\n          We have been already ten days in this place, but there has been no opportunity to Boston since our arrival. And altho\u2019 I have done but very little, yet I have been so perpetually busy, that I have scarce found time even to write to the Secretary of State, and to my Father.\n          My Brother I presume has informed you, how pleasant our passage was in every respect, excepting the conveyance, & how very unpleasant in that. It is the second time I have been to Sea in a crazy Ship, I think I shall beware of the third.\n          Mr Jay is yet here, and I hope there is a prospect of his coming to some terms with the Ministry, which will be satisfactory to the honor, and advantageous to the interests of the United States.\n          The situation of their affairs here is such that an absolute quarrel with America, would not be a eligible thing for them; I believe they are sick enough of their war with France.\n          The Hollanders must either make a separate peace, or lay the whole Country under water, or surrender at discretion to the French Armies. Flanders and Brabant are in possession of the Republican\ntroops; Maestricht & Nimeguen are beseiged, and are not expected to hold out long.\n          In Spain, Sardinia, and the Austrian Dominions the French are equally successful. If they can but learn to be moderate in their prosperity, there is no doubt but they may make their own terms of peace with all the allies except Britain; There is little present prospect of peace between these two powers.\n          You have heard what has been the fate of Robespierre. A party of moderates have succeeded him, their characteristic is clemency and gentleness; But their power is far from being established, and the Jacobins are against them. There will be more bloody work among them before long.\n          In this Country, Loyalty is yet very fashionable I was at Covent Garden Theatre the other evening, when the tune of \u201cGod save the King\u201d was played by the band; the whole audience rose, & stood all the time it was performing, clapping their hands, and crying Bravo, as if it had been the scene of a favorite Play. I suspect the heart, did not in every instance join in the applause.\n          Horne Tooke, & eight other persons, are to be tried for High Treason, next week. It will require some latitude of construction, to make their offence if proved, amount to High Treason, but from the temper of the times, they will probably, many of them be found guilty.\n          A Conspiracy to assassinate the king, has been discovered, or invented; but the story of it, contains so much of the marvelous, that I think it hardly worth telling, and indeed I know not precisely what it is.\n          The political situation of this people, is far from being happy. But the face of the Country is beautiful beyond description. Its appearance between Dover & this City, has greatly improved since we travelled that road together. The Country is under higher cultivation, and the towns exhibit greater opulence. The roads are in higher perfection, and the Inns more elegant, and with greater accomodations. You will scarcely believe all this to be possible, but it is unquestionably true. Since the peace with America, this Country has been prosperous in its Commerce beyond all conception, and at this moment, its opulence is incredible. Britain is the Sidon of the day, but I think she has now reached the ultimate point of her exaltation, and her future glory will be to tell of what she was.\n          We intend to sett out for the Hague, next tuesday, which will be, the 28th: instant. The situation of that Country is so very critical,\nthat I cannot omit going over without an hour of unnecessary delay. You will not harbor any anxiety on our account from the French Armies being there. We are Neutrals, and peaceable men; friends of both parties, and shall take no share in their contests on either side. Our rights therefore will undoubtedly be respected. The french armies are said to be under the severest discipline, and observe the most perfect regularity and order. The British troops there, have a reputation so different, that the Hollanders are much more afraid of their allies, than of their Enemies.\n          But our immediate departure, obliges us further to postpone, the fulfilment of our promise of the Miniatures in Bracelets; we have been so much employed every moment of our time, that it has been altogether impossible for us to get the likenesses taken; We shall however, if we can find an artist in Holland, of proper skill, have them taken there, & the setting, we can have done here at any time.\n          There are not many Americans here at this time, and I have seen but few of your old acquaintance. Mr T Boylston paid us a visit yesterday; he is at liberty, but pretty well stripped of his immense fortune; He speaks of his will, and of the extraordinary things, he would have done and appears to think the Town of Boston, and the State of Massachusetts as much indebted to him, as if they actually enjoyed all the benefits he intended for them. I gave him some offence by scrupling to give him a certificate that he is a Citizen of the United States. \u201cAfter all he had done for us he thought it a little extraordinary, that I should have any doubts upon the subject.\u201d On the whole, I believe he is really an American Citizen, but I was not certain, and refered him for his certificate to the American Minister at this Court.\n          We are to dine with Mr Hallowell tomorrow. Mrs Hallowell labors under a severe disorder, which they expect will soon take her to a better world.\n          We have not seen Mrs Copley, but your letter has been delivered to her, and we shall see her before we go to Holland. Mr Copley is employed upon a picture of Charles the 1st: demanding the five members in the house of Commons. It is a very good subject, and will I think be particularly interesting at the present time.\n          We have been once to each of the two Theatres, Mrs Siddons still commands universal admiration at Drury Lane, and a Miss Wallis has appeared this Season with great applause at Covent Garden. I enclose a new Comedy of Cumberland, which I hope will afford you an hour\u2019s amusement.\n          Please to remember me affectionately to all our friends at Quincy, and accept the assurance of the most unalterable respect, and attachment / from your Son.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0151", "content": "Title: Samuel A. Otis to John Adams, 28 October 1794\nFrom: Otis, Samuel Allyne\nTo: Adams, John\n          I wrote you soon after my arrival that I had engaged you lodgings at Franciss Hotel, Two rooms first floor, for 20 dollars, but not having your answer shall relinquish them\u2014And for two reasons\u2014 1st The\nplace is two public\u2014you must dine with a large Company and not the most respectable part of Congress; in short you must lodge at a tavern and at a dear rate\u2014 2d I have got you two rooms on the first floor and room for a servant in a private family for 16 dollars, To have a table to yourself\u2014 This family are younger English people by the name of Alder, and have no young children\u2014And are recommended as sober decent people. They live in the house next to where Wolcott formerly lived fronting Binghams; So from your front chamber you may see madam prink about her Garden as often as you think it worth while to go from your fire to your window.\n          I dont know any objection you can have except to distance from Congress. But tis not half so far as you usually walk for pleasure\u2014\n          Your friends did not like the Idea of setting you down with all the company usually dining at the Hotel of Francis, and I confess it was until now Hobsons choice\u2014 There is one spare room [at] Alders which they will or will not put a Gentleman in as you prefer and none but such as you may approve\u2014 Not having an Idea that you will disapprove the plan as now altered, I enclose you Alders direction\u2014Who has engaged to furnish the rooms in a neat genteel Style.\n          With respects to Mr Smith & Lady I have the honor to be / your most humble Sert\n            Nothing need be said to Francis but that you preferred more retired Lodgings\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0154", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 4 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n            wedensday Quincy Novbr 4th 1794\n          This is the first fair morning we have had since you left me. you must have had an unpleasent journey Sunday the afternoon was pleasent, but Monday & twesday very rainy. I was anxious to learn how the Election went in Boston and sent to inquire last Evening of mr Black if he had heard from Town, and to my great Satisfaction learnt that mr Ames was chosen there; by what majority I did not hear. the present Post will however inform you. the Influence of the Jacobines has received a blow in concequence of it. tis said Jarvis will lose his senses\u2014 the publick will be no looser if that should be the case. Austin came forward in a publication last week with his Name in which he declares he will not stand a candidate in oppostion to Jarvis, concequently all his party were united with Jarvises\n          you will want to know how the Farming Buisness goes on. the orchard is all coverd with sea weed as you desired. this day will compleat the spreading of it. about 90 Bushels of potatoes have been dugg at the two places to day the Hands propose to finish the Beach meddow\n          I am better than when you left me, So is Louissa. the Blister has proved very salutary in removing the pain from her stomack. I shall wish to hear soon from you. I forgot to request 2 Barrels of flower by the first vessel.\n          Yours most affectionatly", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0155", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 8 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia Nov. 8. 1794\n          We took the Packet at New Haven, and arrived at N. York as Soon as the Stage\u2014 Although We Saved no time, We avoided some bruizes, at the Expence of a little of the Mal De Mer.\n          Mrs Smith and Children all well. Charity Smith married to Mr Shaw, Brother of the late Consul at Canton.\u2014 Our Charles at Steuben after an Examination at Albany and an honourable Admission to the Rank of Counciller at Law. I was at his Office and Saw his Clerk who appears well pleased, and Says his Master has good Business. We arrived last night in this City and lodged at a Mr Alders opposite to Mr Binghams.\n          No Senate yet.\u2014 The President returned. All Submission, in the Whiskey Counties. But a Force will be kept there to ensure their Obedience for some necessary time.\n          Antif\u0153deralism, Jacobinism and Rebellion are drooping their heads, very much discouraged.\n          Clark of N. Jersey and Comr. Gillon dead. Smith of Carolina elected with great Ecclat. Butler gone to Charleston last Week unaccountably.\u2014 &c &c &c. Bradley left out, for a Man of different Politicks. Langdon in danger. These are Symptoms. If Ames fails The next Congress will be more f\u0153deral than any that has yet assembled. but I Still hope better Things.\n          Fine Weather\u2014 I will write nothing as yet of Agriculture. Take great Care of your health which is prescious to me beyond all Calculation.\n          The Fall of Robespierre, has a great Effect on the Public Mind.\u2014 It has Startled and terrified many, whose Confidence in him was excessive. I am as ever. yours / without reserve.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0156", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 9 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia November 9. 1794\n          I am now Settled.\u2014 The first night I went to a Mr Alders, opposite to Mr Binghams, but not liking the circumstance of living in an English Family an Upholsterer lately emigrated and not admiring the Rooms, I removed last night to Francis\u2019s Hotel in 4th. Street, between Market and Chesnut Streets. Here I Shall be at School with a Society of Patriotic Members of Congress who are all, virtuous Republicans. I Shall agree with them as Gentlemen, but shall claim the Right of a virtuous Republican, to differ from them in political Questions, whenever I may think them in the Wrong.\n          Our Sensible and worthy Nephew Mr William Cranch Spent the last Evening with me, and gave me a particular Account of the vast Projects of Mr Greenleaf. His Sawmills in Georgia, his Iron Works on Hudsons River, his forty or an hundred Houses building in the F\u0153deral City &c &c &c. But among the rest I was Sorry to hear of his Opening a Loan in Holland though only at four Per Cent, to enable him to make Payments to his Workmen. I am apt to Suspect Speculations upon Credit, tho sometimes they may be Successful. I however have always placed my Glory in Moderation, not having Spirit enough to undertake, nor Understanding enough to conceive great Projects and Enterprizes.\n          My Lodings are the most decent of any in Town that I know of, and my Accommodations are quite agreable. Brisler has orders to send you Wheat & Rye Flour for a whole Year, but probably he will not ship it, till Ames returns from Boston. With the flour I shall send Grass seeds for next Spring. The Season with you, I hope is as agreable for Business as it is here, and if it is I hope to have all the Yards filled with The Treasures of the sea thrown in Such\nAbundance on shore, and All the Grass Land in Hancock\u2019s orchard covered with it.\n          If Hancocks Meadow could have a covering it would be more grateful for it, than any other Land I have at present.\n          Every Body is anxious about Mr Ames\u2019s Election and impatient to know the Decision: if I he falls it will only be to rise the higher and the faster, for certainly a Man who has had so great a share in producing the present Prosperity of this Country cannot at his years be neglected. The Supposition is too dishonourable both to Government and People. both must be neither generous nor even selfish with common sense, to overlook so useful and honourable an Instrument, of their own fame and their own good. To choose in his Place at such a time as this a Man who has Opposed and Obstructed that very Prosperity, and who would probably very often put it to a hazeard as far as his Vote would go, would be Such a Proof of Levity Wantoness and Folly as I shall not believe till it is proved.\n          Mr Otis & Family are all very well, very kind and obliging.\u2014\n          Above all Things take great Care of your Health and Louisa\u2019s too\n          Yours as ever\n            My Duty to my Mother & Lover to Brothers & sisters & Cousins &c", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0158", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 11 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia November 11. 1794\n          Since the Certainty has arrived of the very honourable Reelection of our Friend Mr Smith of S. Carolina, the wiser Part of the Community have been the more anxious for that of Mr Ames. The Orrery from Boston, which arrived Yesterday has excited great Expectations, that the District in which Boston is placed, will not disgrace itself by disgracing Sound Principles and independent Conduct in that worthy Representative. Thursdays Post will relieve Us from all Uncertainty. Mr Swanwick is announced to be elected instead of Mr Fitsimmons, by a Small Majority, but it is Said it will be a contested Election Still, and Swanwick may be, for any Thing that I know as f\u0153deral as his Rival.\n          The President told me that Mr Finlay Said to him, at their Interview, that the Opposition of the People in the rebellious Counties of Pensilvania was not a Resistance to the Excise, or any other\nparticular Measure of Government, but it was an universal Opposition to All Law, all Government and all Magistracy. And that rather than go through Such another Sc\u00e6ne as he had witnessed among them he should wish to quit the Sc\u00e6ne of Life. This Declaration from Finlay is as important as it is curious.\n          If The French Should be in Possession of The Hague and the United Provinces, Our Minister will not go there. His Credentials are to their High Mightinesses and His most Serene Highness, but if their Authority is annulled, either by Conquest or by a Change of Government, Mr Adams will wait in England for new Powers or further Orders. I do not believe however that the French will be in Holland nor the Government changed.\n          The President and his Lady enquired kindly after your Health. Mr Cranch I took with me on Sunday Evening and presented him to All the Family, where We drank Coffee and Spent two Hours. He gave The President & Lady a particular Account of the present State of the City of Washington.\n          Miss Custis, Mr Cranch Says, is to be married to Mr Peter of George Town son of a rich Proprietor in the F\u0153deral City.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0159", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to Abigail Adams, 11 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dear Madam\n            The Hague November 11. 1794.\n          The day after the date of my last Letter, we dined at Mr: Hallowell\u2019s, and were entertained with much hospitality. We saw his\nDaughter, whom we found very amiable and accomplished After seeing her, I felt myself at least highly flattered by the proposal Mrs: Gill made to you, and the young Lady, certainly took the shortest way to my heart, by the manner in which she spoke of you. I was much gratified with my visit, and should have been really alarmed for myself, had not the absolute necessity for my immediate departure ensured my safety.\n          The day after we dined at Mr Copleys; and had the pleasure of seeing his two daughters. They are quite grown up, and the eldest particularly is pretty and engaging. I suppose my brother will write you more about her than I shall, for he was so much captivated, that I did not know, but I should have had to leave him behind.\n          We both however made out to escape from that fascinating city, on the 28th: of the month, and by means of a fortunate water passage arrived here three days after.\n          As to the curiosities of London, we had not a moment of time to spare for the sight of them, which I regretted on my brother\u2019s account, having seen heretofore most of the rarities myself. You will perhaps enquire how we could be so exceedingly busy for a whole fortnight. But what with the letters and visits to be delivered and paid; the trouble and vexation of getting our baggage through the gauntlet of Custom-House rapacity, the invitations to dinner which we could not avoid, and which the civility of our friends repeated every day of our stay there, the letters which we were obliged to write to America, to give notice of our safe arrival, and the time I was compelled to devote to conferences with our Ministers in London, I assure you we found it extremely difficult to get from thence as we did, and excepting two evenings which we filched to see a representation at each of the Theatres, we absolutely saw nothing atall.\n          As you will be informed by the public papers of the invasion of this Country by the French, you will perhaps imagine, that we found every thing here in the utmost confusion. The truth is quite the contrary. Every thing appears to me exactly as it did eleven years ago, except the greater number of Orange cockades at this time. It is probable that in a few days we shall have the cannonading within our own hearing. But these people do not stir a foot the more or the less for it.\u2014 They leave the defence of the Country entirely to the allied forces, who are beaten day after day from one station to another, and will very soon be dispersed, or prisoners of War, or shut\nup within the walls of Amsterdam.\u2014 Maestricht and Nimeguen are both taken, and the next attack will probably be upon Utrecht. Yet here at the Hague, every thing has the appearance of profound peace, and I believe will continue so, happen what may.\n          We have hitherto been detained here, in order to go through the forms of my acknowledgment, but purpose going to Amsterdam in two or three days from this. We shall then see to the Execution of your Commissions for table-linen and broad-cloth, as well as to the arrangements relative to the funds\n          I found here few of my former acquaintance. Mr: Dumas, and his wife are both well, but they do not live together. Their daughter I have not yet seen, but shall pay her a visit ceremoniously tomorrow:\u2014 She is married, and has three children. I shall see her to avoid the appearance of singularity or affectation. I shall see her, I doubt not, with composure; perhaps with indifference, but not with pleasure.\n          We do not find here as yet any of the nymphs of the Country, whose attractions are like to steal our hearts. I do not perceive, that either of the Graces has yet assumed the shape of a Dutch millener, to reduce the dimensions of the hoop, to lengthen the petticoat, or to whiten the stocking. We have seen however in the streets some very beautiful women, whom we have understood to be refugees from France.\n          The number of these unfortunate emigrants is very great; both in England and here. The poverty of many of them, must excite compassion, even without recurrence to the recollection of their former opulence the transition from the most immense fortunes to the most abject indigence is experienced by so many among them, that it is hardly a subject of notice at this time. I have heard it remarked, and I readily believed it to be the fact, that in general this extreme reverse of fortune, is supported with more magnanimity, and submitted to with more dignity by the women than by the men. The instances are not uncommon of families which have been hurrled from affluence to absolute want, the females of which at this day by their industry, obtain a subsistence not only for themselves but for the despicable partners of their misfortunes, who saunter about the streets, and idle away their present existence as they did that of their prosperity, incapable of exertion, and exhibiting the melancholy prospect, of objects, whom not even calamity itself can entitle to respect.\n          What will become of these miserable beings, I know not. For the french Generals always inexorably except them from all terms of capitulation. And all those that have been found bearing arms have been shot without mercy. They are obliged to fly from one place of refuge to another, and are hunted down like wild beasts.\n          Since the fall of Robespierre, every day new details of the most inconceivable cruelty, are produced in the national Convention, and every thing is laid to his charge. The Leyden Gazette of this day contains the debates of the Convention on the subject till the 20th: of October. The eye of humanity turns away from the sight. The most detested despot, that ever afflicted the race of man, the most unrelengting thirst for blood ever indulged by priestly bigotry, the most abominable massacres of religion that ever desolated the earth furnish nothing to exceed the infamies committed in Britanny, La Vendee, and Lyons by the satellites of Robespierre; many of whom are now upon trial for being the instruments of his crimes. I suppose that the debates in the Convention, from whence all these facts appear, will be republished in America, before this reaches you. The wanton and unnecessary effusion of blood, which so long desolated the french republic, has at length become unfashionable: the people are shocked at the proceedings which they so long permitted, and the tail of Robespierre, that is the colleagues and cooperators of this execrable tyrant, have become the objects of public detestation. Barrere, Collot d\u2019Herbois and Billaud, Varennes, dare not open their lips in the Convention. The affiliated popular Societies have become very unpopular, and the Convention will no doubt abolish them as soon as they shall think themselves strong enough to do so. For the popular Societies and the system of terror are still formidable, and if the fashion of humanity should pass as rapidly as all the other political fashions which have alternately had a momentary prevalence, for the last five years, terror will again become the order of the day; new inventions for expediting the wholesale trade of murder will be multiplied, Modesty will again be obliged to hide her head, and Benevolence to weep in secret at the celebration of Republican nuptials, and the furies of destruction will again be loosened to feast on human blood.\u2014 Let us hope however for better things, and in particular that the dreadful evils which France has suffered from this connection of popular societies, evils which she could not arrest, but which she is now obliged to punish by severities almost equally afflicting, may be deeply impressed upon the minds of our own Countrymen, and destroy the influence of those\nself-constituted Legislators, that have arisen among us in imitation of the popular Societies in France.\n          The prospects of Europe are thickening, and a deadly gloom hangs over their futurity. The progress of opinions adverse to the system of hereditary privileges is continually advancing, and the Nations of this Hemisphere, are growing more and more dissatisfied, with the Governments to which they have hitherto submitted;\n          They have not however provided themselves with any rational plan of policy to substitute in their stead. \u201cWith heaviest sound, a Giant Statue falls.\u201d and what sort of fabric will be erected upon its ruins, it would require gifts more than prophetic to conjecture.\n          Whatever the event may be, I am sure you will most fervently pray, that our own Country may still be the abode of Peace and Happiness, in which prayer you will ever be joined by your affectionate Son", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0160", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 14 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n          By the Post of Yesterday I received your kind Letter of the 4th. of this month, and, by it, was relieved from a great Anxiety on Account of your health and that of Louisa. The News from the orchard is also very pleasant, I wish I could hear as good News from Hancocks Meadow. A Covering would keep it warm But I leave all to your better Judgment.\n          No senate Yet.\u2014\n          Mrs Morris by her son has received \u201ca Gallery of Fashion\u201d i.e. Prints of Ladies Dresses in all the Months of the Spring & summer\u2014 The House goes on rapidly.\u2014 Speculation always ends in Extravagance\u2014 I love these People too well to be an uninterested Spectator, of what I fear is not Wisdom\u2014 But it is indeed properly Speaking as you\u2019l say, none of my Business.\n          Mr M. declines the Election as Senator\u2014 Tenche Cox or Fitzsimmons or Bingham will it is said be chosen.\u2014\n          Our senate is under a Cloud\u2014 Two Members Frelinghuysen & Ross are with the Army vs the Rebels\u2014 Butler Bur & Bradley are absent no body knows why\u2014 Several are sick and there are several Vacancies &\n            Col Smith is in Town\u2014 He breakfasted with me two days ago & dined with me & the Ps. yesterdy", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0161", "content": "Title: Susanna Clarke Copley to Abigail Adams, 15 November 1794\nFrom: Copley, Susanna Clarke\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dear Madam\n          I am happy in this opportuntity of thanking you for your kind favor by your sons: whom it gave me great pleasure to meet, and to be particularly infomed of your welfare; as well as that of the rest of your Family, which Blessings I most sincerely hope you and they may long enjoy, and that while you are called to Make so great a sacrafise as the parting with so dear connections will occation, that you may continue to receive the very pleaseing satisfaction of their being so useful to society\u2014\n          I hope that the sattin which I have this opportunity of sending may be approved it is as near the colour as could be found with out haveing it made; but the Variation is now esteemed more fashionable here\u2014 the Vessels haveing left this place before the receipt of your Letter: I was fearful that the season when it was wanted might be passed before I had an opportunity of sending it: but am now happy to have heard from our Friend Mrs: Parker who is ever obliging that she could forward it to you, but not haveing seen her sence: am ignorant in what way but trust it will get safe to hand\u2014 there being some change left of the eight Guinas receivd from Mr: Adams I have laid it out for a Hankerchief, which as they are very Fashionable for the Head I hope will not come amiss\u2014\n          haveing but a few moments notice I can only beg yours, and Mr: Adams\u2019s acceptance of the best regards of this Family, and / to beleive me to be Dear Madam / with great esteem / your sincere Friend", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0162", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 17 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dearest Friend\n          Yesterday I attended the Dedication of a Temple. The Presbyterian Congregation in Market Street, have taken down their old Meeting House, and erected a new one, in the Same Place, much larger higher, more light, airy and elegant. They assembled in it for the first time, Yesterday, when Dr Ewing preached in the Morning and Dr Blair in the Afternoon.\n          I recollected with Pleasure upon this Occasion the Course of sermons delivered in Rotation by the Ministers of Boston in the new Church in Brattle street, and Philadelphia got nothing by the Comparison. Dr Blair however entertained Us with an elegant and Sublime Discourse, in which among other good Things he gave Tom Paine a hearty Reprobation.\n          I dined at Mr Otis\u2019s: all well.\u2014 I hope to receive a Line to day. a Journal, or diurnal Register of farming would be very very refreshing, and entertaining. Oh the tedious solitude that awaits me, for 3 or 4 months, amidst the Noise, Smoke Wealth Luxury, Eloquence, Learning Wit, and Wisdom of this proud City and our venerable Congress.! To me, one Week of Domestic f\u0153licity & Rural Amusement, would be worth it all.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0163", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 18 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n          I had just Sent off to the Poet office, my Letter in which I requested a Diary of Husbandry when I went to The Senate Chamber where I found your Letter of the 10th, which contained the very Thing I had asked for, very accurate & pleasing. I hope for a continuance of it, for nothing refreshes me like it, in the dull Solitude to which I am destined for four months.\n          A Senate was made to Day, by the Arrival of Col Burr, as fat as a Duck and as ruddy as a roost Cock. An hundred Thousand Pounds is a very wholesome Thing I believe, and I Suppose my manifold Infirmities are owing to my Poverty. I know not whether fame lies, on this occasion, but she begins to whisper that Burr has been very fortunate and Successful as well as Several others of Govr Clintons friends, by means that I will not explain till fame explains them more in detail.\n          These Simple Republicans are rewarded in this World for their Virtues, as well as admired for their Talents.\n          Tomorrow We shall have the Speech, which is to be delivered in the House of Representatives as there is some doubt of the Solidity of the Building to hold a Crowd in the Senate Chamber.\n          They have built us no Gallery, from which neglect, Some conclude that the Soi-disant friends of the People are afraid that the Senate will appear to the People better friends than them Selves. The Debate on Mr Gallatin\u2019s Election Seems to have abated the public Curiosity.\n          Mrs Cabot comes here, without Handmaiden or female Companion, in Six Days by the Stage Coach and is as alert as if she had done nothing.\n          I am glad you went to Haverhil to see our unfortunate afflicted Sister, but am anxious about that paltry River, lest it should bring again your intermittent.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0164", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams Smith, 18 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Smith, Abigail Adams\n            My Dear Daughter:\n            Philadelphia, November 18, 1794.\n          After a journey without any accident, I arrived here, in good health, the Friday night after I left you, and went into lodgings, which I did not find convenient, and the next morning removed to Francis\u2019s hotel, where I have good accommodations, with company enough.\n          I forgot to thank you for your kind present of patriotic manufacture; but I own I am not, at my age, so great an enthusiast, as to wear with much pride, these coarse homely fabrics. I was once proud of an homespun camblet cloak, and used to go to meeting in it, at Dr. Cooper\u2019s tasty Society; but I own I was not sorry when a thief, by stealing it, furnished me with an excuse for wearing it no more. Those times were very different from these. My Hartford present of Connecticut broadcloth, I could not long endure; and the New-York cotton is not yet made up. I am not the less obliged to you, however.\n          I have not yet heard whether your brother has returned from his visit to Steuben.\n          Colonel Smith is well. My love to William and John\u2014give them a kiss for me, and present them with the blessing of their / Affectionate grandfather,\n            Your mamma, on the 10th of November, went to Haverhill, on a visit to your unfortunate and afflicted aunt.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0165", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n            Quincy 19 November 1794\n          I received by Saturdays post Yours of Novbr 8th, and was happy to find that you had got well to Philadelphia, and that there was a fair prospect of Peace on all sides. I was fearfull that they would make a senate before you reachd Philadelphia. Butlers conduct is much like the Man, unsteady and wavering. the Democrats have found a spirit in the Body of the people too enlightned, & too Sensible to their own happiness, and the welfare of the Country, to Second their views; in the manner they flatterd themselves. mr Amess Election has dampd their spirits here; and tho Jones upon the Stage in Portsmouth, in the Character of a servant who was puzling his wits for his masters support, Breaks out, that he knew not what to do now unless to invent Lies for the Boston Chronical. (Ben Still goes on lying.) this peice of wit, in the actor, produced a Roar of Laughter through the whole house, which was followd by a Clap in unison, and proved more fully than fifty essays the Estimation in which that paper is held. Tis said Genll Shepard is Elected in the Eastern district, instead of Lyman\n          I made my visit last week to Haverhill and found my sister as well as I expected, tho at times Low in Spirits. She desired me to make her gratefull acknowledgments to you for the aid afforded to her son. without that assistance She should not have ventured to have continued him at Colledge\u2014after the present Year. I am assured that the overseers will grant him every aid in their power, so that he will not be any great expence to his Mother for his Education. Captain Brooks says that the Tennant cannot live in the Farm House at Medford an other Year\u2014that the House is now propd up with Timber & stakes, and that they are in danger every storm. I talkd with mrs shaw. she would sell her part, if she could vest the property in any real estate equally productive, but She has referd herself wholy to dr Tufts to do for her as he would act for a Daughter of his own in the same circumstances. She says, if she Builds she must morgage the interest\u2014for a Number of Years, which under her present circumstances, she knows not how to do without. May Dr Tufts be collecting material this winter for Building.?\n          with regard to Home, the last week our people finishd the potatoes, carted Manure one day brought up three scow loads of seaweed making 18 loads and would have, got an other, but mrs Pope took it into her Head that bringing off the Sea weed, would leave the Farm exposed to be washd away with the sea, so our people lost a tide being obliged to remove to an other place to load the westerly winds & high tides had carried it off from our own ground. last Saturday & several days through the week we had severe weather, and considerable Snow. the Ice has made round the shoar so that at present no more sea weed can be got in that way. savil & Nightingale have cleard the shore hire. the latter brought his account yesterday 28. Load for which I payd him. Bracket & Savil have not yet brought theres. we have got home our new wheels. Splitting Hills, & getting out the remainder of the Manure will be the next object. the Winter however approaches fast. Shaw Suits me exactly\u2014 the 5 oclock hour does not find me in Bed the Sun is just now rising & promising a fine day\u2014\n          to your ever affectionate\n            Abigail Adams\n            Mrs Brisler and Family are well and are to keep thanksgiving here tomorrow", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0166", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n          The Presidents Speech is so important to the Public that I know you will be anxious to See it as early as possible. When the Answers of the two Houses come to be debated We shall See whether there are any Apologists for Rebellion, in these Sanctuaries.\n          As Mr Edwards of Kentucky appeared in Senate to Day, We can do Business if one Member should be Sick, but it will be very\ninconvenient to have so small a Majority. Mr Potts of Maryland and Mr Taylor of Virginia have resigned. The Senate Seems really to be too Small a Body for So important a Branch of the Legislature of so great a People.\n          I feel, where I am, the Want of the society of Mr Otis\u2019s Family, but much more that of my own. I pore upon my Family at Quincy, my Children in Europe, and my Children and Granchildren in New York, till I am Melancholly and wish myself a private Man. That event however would not relieve me, for my Thoughts would be at the Hague and at N. York if I was with you at Quincy. Your Meditations cannot be more chearful than mine and your Visit to our afflicted sister will not I fear brighten your Views or soften your Anxiety. I hope We shall be Supported. But there is no Plan, that occurs to me that can relieve Us from our solicitude. We must repose ourselves upon those Principles in which We were educated and which I hope We have never renounced nor relinquished.\n          I would resign my office and remain with you, Or I would bring you next Winter with me but either of these Plans, the Publick out of the Question, would increase our Difficulties perhaps rather than lessen them. This Climate is Disease to me, and I greatly fear would be worse to you, in the present State of your Health. Mrs Jay, poor Lady is more distressed than We are.\n          I pray you to take Care of your Health and of Louisa\u2019s too. she is a good Girl: but I Sometimes wish she would run about a little more if it was even to look at the young Men.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0168", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to Abigail Adams Smith, 20 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Smith, Abigail Adams\n            My dear Sister.\n            Amsterdam November 20. 1794.\n          About a month after I last took my leave of you in New York, I sailed from Boston, and after a passage of twenty eight days landed at Deal in England. We spent a fortnight in London, where we saw several of your friends who enquired particularly after you: and have now been about three weeks in this Country, principally at the Hague.\n          It is at a very critical and dangerous period for this Country, that we have arrived. The french armies are advancing rapidly into the Heart of the Country. The nation internally is divided into parties extremely inveterate against each other. Their troops are dispirited; their allies troublesome, their fortresses incapable of defence, and their present apparent resources, almost reduced to nothing.\n          But the appearance of the Country is remarkably quiet; and except as a topic of conversation, which frequently occurs, you would\nscarcely imagine the United Netherlands to be in a State of War. Even the dread of conquest is very much abated by the treatment experienced in the towns already taken; and the people in general here appear to be rather indifferent as to the event of the War, provided they can save their money. There is little apprehension of personal danger to any body, particularly at the Hague; there will be certainly none for us.\n          Please to remember my best regards to the Coll: and my respects to Mrs: Smith, and her family. Love to your children, and tell William and John they must not forget me. Our Brother Thomas is well and writes you by this opportunity. His company has been the greatest alleviation to the tediousness both of the voyage, and of my residence here.\n          I am anxiously desirous to hear from my friends in America, among whom there is none whose welfare, more than your\u2019s is at the heart of your ever affectionate brother", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0172", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to Charles Adams, 24 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, Charles\n            My dear Brother\n            Amsterdam November 24th: 1794.\n          I have already written you respecting the private business upon which I was commissioned by your father, and I enclose a duplicate of that Letter, to meet the case of miscarriage, that may happen to the original. But you will expect, and indeed are entitled to some more lines from me, though I have nothing interesting to say to you, except that we are well, and very anxious to hear the same good news from you.\n          Thomas tells me he has written you a long letter; I presume therefore he has related to you the most prominent particulars of our passage & adventures, from the time we left Boston until our arrival here. He has doubtless told you of our hair-breadth scapes, not in the imminent deadly breach, but from the treachery of a faithless bottom on the water, and from the ingenious contrivances of English Thieves on the land; and you know by this time, or will before this reaches you, that our voyage was short & tedious, pleasant & uncomfortable, which indeed is the greatest eulogium that can be past upon the most favorable passage across the Atlantic, that I ever made. It will be equally well known to you that we whirled round in the sling of London City for one fortnight, and then came from Harwich with a Captain, who before we sailed had preceded us by more than half the way, and a huddle of Passengers of all Nations, Countries and Languages, as if a new Babel had been building in England, and the workmen were all going home together. Of all these facts it is therefore unnecessary for me to repeat a detail which has already been made you, and I shall say nothing of them.\n          As to political intelligence you will no doubt expect much of that under an idea that we are now in the very center of information.\nThe truth is however that we have but little, and that is almost exclusively confined to the state of this Country itself in the part invaded by the French armies. In conformity to our engagement before we left America, we shall regularly send you the Leyden Gazette, which will give you most of the information that we could write. We Shall endeavor always to send it you as early as possible, and we earnestly urge you to make the same efforts in return. You will recollect, that personally your information to us, is of great importance, that the essence of valuable intelligence is its early reception, and that our channels of conveyance for American news, are much fewer in number & narrower in extent, than those that flow towards you; We ask not however for more punctuality than we shall shew.\n          I suppose you think we are at this moment swiming in the water, or under the command of Citoyen Pichegru, and I have no doubt but Amsterdam has been taken five times at least before this present hour, in the name of the French Republic, by all the Newspapers in the United States. This is not yet the case however, but if there is any thing in human probability, it will be within two months. Peace upon such terms as the French Republic shall dictate or the immediate interposition of more than human power, are the only things that can arrest the progress of the republican armies short of Amsterdam. In the mean time, we are as quiet and peaceable as we could be in profound peace. Excepting the addition of a few Soldiers, every thing looks exactly as it did thirteen years ago, and the inhabitants of the City, who you know were never very cordial to the cause of their present rulers, shrug their shoulders in the spirit of the gentleman in Ph\u00e6drus who enquires, \u201cnum feram binas clitellas?\u201d\n          In the article of literature, this is the worst place where I could possibly be situated to give you any thing worthy of your attention. France is the only source from which any novelty of merit can proceed, for the public entertainment or instruction here, and all communication with her is interrupted. Old French publications are cheap enough at the present time, for obvious reasons. The circumstances are something like those in the dialogue between Falstaff and Prince Henry, when Land was as cheap as stinking Mackrel, and Maiden-heads to be bought like Hob-nails, by the hundred.\n          This letter you see is not very Diplomatic; but it will serve my turn much better, if it proves to you, that I am with unabated affection your friend / and Brother.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0173", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Quincy Adams, 26 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n          This day compleats Ten weeks, since you sailed and I have had no opportunity before this, by Captain Scott, of writing to you, unless by way of Amsterdam, where I have little hope of finding you. The Arms of France have proved so powerfull, and their victorys have been so rapid, that I should not be surprized to learn, that they had renderd your commission Nul & void, by overturning the Republick, and Demolishing the Government of the Country to which you are accreditted; in that case, you will remain where you are, untill further orders.\n          You will be pleased to hear, as you will no doubt, from various quarters, that the Insurgency is suppressd in Pennsylvania. the determind spirit of the people Soon formed too powerfull an Army for them to make any Head against. they Soon Saw and felt, that they must submit. Numbers of them have been taken, and confined for trial.\n          Mr Findley in an interveiw with the President, told him, that the opposition of the people in the Rebellious Counties, was not a resistance to the Excise, or any other particular measure of Government, but an universal opposition to all Law, all Government, and all\nMagistracy, and that rather than go through such an other Scene, as he had witnessed amongst them he should wish to quit the stage of Life. this from Findlay; looks as if he had been compeld to alter some of his sentiments by sad experience, and will I hope have a good effect upon a Man of real good Sense, and I hope Heart.\n          Mr Smith of S C. is Re Elected, by a large Majority. Mr Ames Election was carried with a firmness and Resolution which abashed all Jacobinism. if the Electors would bear a Scrutiny upon the Side of his opponent, they certainly would upon his. if any credit was to be given to the Chronical, we Should believe that Ames\u2019s party had adopted the sentiment of Hudibrass,\n\u201cTo combat Evil, tis Lawfull to employ the devil\u201d\nBut he remains in full pay of the other Party, and can transform assignatts into Crowns or even Guineys.\n          The New Elections are generally Federal and our Government has taken deeper and firmer Root, for the storms and tempests which have assaild it.\n          Generall Waynes victory over the Savages has had a happy effect upon our Tawnny Neighbours and the Aspect of our Country, is Peace and Plenty. the view is delightfull, and the more so when contrasted with the desolation and carnage which overspread a great proportion of the civilized world.\n          I heard this week from your Father and your Brother and sister, all of whom were well. they will undoubtedly write to you, as vessels are going from thence\n          we have flatterd ourselves that you had a prosperous voyage, as the Winds from shore were favourable for a long time. I hope you will not omit any opportunity of writing to her whose happiness is so intimately blended with your prosperity, and who at all times is your / ever affectionate Mother\n            Abigail Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0174", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 26 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n          The Pamphlet inclosed may be called \u201cThe most astonishing Concentration of Jacobitical Malevolence that ever Scottish Spite exhibited.\u201d I have read it however with Interest and Avidity. It is not badly\nwritten\u2014 It has, no doubt, too much foundation in Truth. It has little of the Wit and none of the humour of Tom Pain, but has more than his Malice & Revenge. It is sometimes amusing to contemplate Sheer Malignity, especially when it seems not to have any Power to do harm. The Writer is a \u201cCallender\u201d now in this City employed as a Writer of Essays and Paragraphs for his Newspaper by Andrew Brown. We shall soon see the offspring of his Genius applied to Men & Measures in America. very soon will he be a Member of the Democratical society, as I foresee. This Country is to be the Asylum of all the discontented, turbulent, profligate and Desperate from all Parts of Europe and Democratical societies are to raise them to fame, Popularity, Station & Power. How long the People will countenance this I know not. Jefferson it seems is to give the first Passport to these Incendiaries. Malignity seemed to have Seized upon that Mans mind as deeply as upon Paines & Callenders.\n            I expect a Letter tomorrow\n          The President and Senate have fixed a Stigma on certain Anarchical societies. The House will do the same though perhaps in feebler terms. No Party No Man in either house has justified them\u2014None has even excused them. some have imprudently admitted their Legality. People have a right to meet & consider of Laws express their Opinions and feelings, for the Purpose of petitioning the Legislature for Repeals Or Amendments. But it is not lawful to meet to frame & publish Censures upon Laws, and Libels upon Men or Measures. If when assembled they do an unlawful Act Their Assembly is adjudged to unlawful from the Beginning. The Legality of the Meeting depends upon the Legality of their Conduct. It is incautious and improvident therefore to acknowledge their Legality, without Exceptions Qualifications & limitations as some have done who are no friends to them.\n          My Waggish Friend Fitch of Jamaica applies to me from the Rolliad, or Probationary Odes.\n            \u201cThere Cornwall Sits, and oh unhappy fate!\n            Must sit forever, through the long Debate;\n            Painful Pre-eminence! he hears, tis true,\n            Fox, North and Burke\u2014but hears, sir Joseph too.\n            Like Sad Prometheus fasten\u2019d to his Rock\n            In vain he looks for Pity to the Clock;\n            In vain the Effects of Strengthening Porter tries\n            And nods to Bellamy for fresh Supplies\n            While Vulture like the dire Mahon appears\n            And far more Savage, rends his suffering Ears.\n            With Mulgrave\u2014at whose Scream, in wild surprize\n            The Speechless Speaker lifts his drowsy Eyes.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0175", "content": "Title: Joseph Cranch to John Adams, 27 November 1794\nFrom: Cranch, Joseph\nTo: Adams, John\n          I will not add to my offence by troubling you with a long apology for this intrusion on your Valuable time\u2014 Suffice it to Say,\u2014that encoraged by the Condesending manner in which you listen\u2019d to my small affairs (interesting however to me in the extreem) I am embolden\u2019d to beg your interest with the General in my behalf, so far as you can do it consistant with your princeples of Propriety\u2014 a word perhaps from you, thrown in apparently by accident may have great effect.\u2014 I had an intervieu with the Secretary at War, after I had the honor of seeing you\u2014 after considerable conversation on the Subject, in which he Seem\u2019d doubtful and hesitating\u2014about making an exchange with the person now at Springfield\u2014 as I was taking leave he Said\u2014\u201cyou would wish an appointment\u201d?\u2014 Certainly Sir\u2014 \u201cand you prefer Springfield to any other Place[?\u201d]\n          On my answering in the affirmative\u2014he Said\u2014\u201cyou had best write and I will answer you immediately.\u201d\u2014\n          In compliance with this enjunction, I have wrote by the Same Post which convays this.\u2014 and Confess I see not how he can get\nover the matter without complying with my request; esspecially when he Sees the extracts which I have taken from letters wrote as far back as the years\u2014: 87 &\u201489\u2014wherin he Says\n          \u201cPersuaded as I am of your industry Skill and integrity, I Shall be extreamly glad to make a permanent arangement to continue you in the publick Service\u201d.\u2014 again he Says\u2014\n          The new Government will require time before it can obtain so much Vigor as to make the necessary arangements of its arsinals in order to find constant employment for you, whenever this event Shall happen, I Shall, as far as I may be concerned, be glad to give you employment, being confident of your ability and faithfulness to Serve the Publick Permit me Sir to breathe a most fervent wish for the happiness of you and yours\u2014and to Subscribe my Self / your greatly obligd / and most Humble Servt\n            Joseph Cranch", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0176", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 30 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n          I have to acknowledg the receipt of Several Letters from you, together with Demourier Memoirs; for which accept my thanks; I wish to hear from you, & to learn something of the Buisy world as often as your Time will permit, but in return I have only to relate to you the Small occurrencies which my Family and Farm afford. Not a son to visit me now, and enliven by his presence once a week or fortnight, a long Winter Evening, and to detail to me what is passing in the more active scenes of Life. Mary is gone home, & Julias sportive gambols are the enliveners of some solitary moments when unoccupied with the cares of my Family; and feeling anxious to hear from my Children, I have just finishd a Letter to each of them to go by captain Scott. I hope you will write to them as I see several vessels up to go from Philadelphia;.\n          The buisness of the week past, has been plowing carting sea weed and stones. two of my Hands will leave me in the course of the present week as their time expires\u2014 they have been very usefull in going with the scow for sea weed. the weather now grows too Boisterous\nto make further use of it, this season. I am in hopes if the season permitts to compleat filling the yards from the shore, but I have made no provision for my fireside yet, but from day to day, I have been so desirious to improve all the open weather for the other buisness.\u2014\n          Mr Pratt has informd mr Cranch that he means to sell his pew. he bid it of at 42 pounds. he laid out in finishing it between 4 & 5 pounds he would sell it for 46\u2014 mr Cranch desired me to let you know it. he will not part with it till he hears from you\n          Dr Tufts desires me to get mr Brisler to inquire the price of clover seed.\n          The President Speach I hear is come I have not seen it. the weather was bad yesterday, and my Neighbours did not get their paper\n          adieu most / affectionatly Yours\u2014\n            Abigail Adams\n            just as I was folding my letter, to close it, yours of the 19 Novbr was brought me. I know our feelings are often in unison, and I fear you would think me in low spirits. my spirits tho sometimes low, from particular causes, are generally on a uniform key. I am sorry you are deprived of mrs otis & Familys Society\u2014 I know it amused you. three Months will soon slide away when I hope we shall meet again. I shall inclose the Presidents speach to our son thanks for the Book\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0178", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 1 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n          Your Letter of the 19th of Nov. gave me, in addition to the ordinary Satisfaction I receive from your Letters, the Pleasure of knowing that your Visit to Haverhill, the damp Vapour of whose River I dreaded, had not injured your health.\n          You ask me, if Dr Tufts may be collecting Materials, this Winter for Building on the Medford farm? I fear it will be a very costly Undertaking considering the Extravagant Prices of every Thing, and it will keep me Streightened and poor for a long time. I expect the Expence of Building will be 300\u00a3, the Interest of which is Eighteen Pounds a Year near half the annual Rent of the whole Estate. I am willing to sell the whole for what it will fetch or to buy the whole at any reasonable Rate. But is it desired of me to build the whole House at my own Expence, when the half only of the Place is yours? I know however your tender and laudable Attachment to the Place, and will consent cheerfully to whatever you determine. or I will desire Dr Tufts to consider me as his son, when he considers sister shaw as his Daughter, and do for Us both, as a father.\n          We had last night and to Day another North East Storm which I hope has brought up a fresh Stock of Seaweed upon the Beach.\nYour Annals of Agriculture are more entertaining to me than political History or amorous Romance.\n          You will see the Address of the House and the Reply. cold, frozen, Stiff, awkward Stuff\u2014 The Reply as an Echo to the Address is an admirable one.\u2014 richly merited.\n          The News from Europe is enigmatical enough at present. The whole Theatre of Europe has been taken up, for years, with the Representation of a Tragedy of Errors. one knows not what is true, nor what is false: what is right nor what is wrong. Suspense and Pyrrhonism is all my Mind can rest on\u2014 One Truth however results from every fact and every Report, every certainty and every Supposition\u2014our own indispensible Duty to preserve our Neutrality.\n          The Members of Congress begin to See the Danger of receiving Foreigners with open Arms, and admitting them into our Legislatures so easily as We have done. The Western Insurgents are almost all Irish White Boys, and peep O Day Boys &c imported and many of them sold since the Peace.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0179", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 2 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n          I have recd your favour of Nov. 23.\u2014 Mr Cooper The Friend of our Diplomatic at the Hague, I hear was very active in the Election of Mr Ames.\u2014 I wish that both Parties and all Parties may be convinced that Some Qualification of Voters is necessary; but if Negroes & Sailors and Tapsters all unqualified by Law as Oliver Cromwell used to call them are to vote for one why not for another.?\n          You have by this time the lively Address of the senate and the lively Reply to it\u2014 You will soon have the dull Address of the House and the cold Reply to it.\n          If Fame Says true Clinton cares little for Popularity: for The Miser has made himself immensely rich, and all his Friends and Tools besides.\n          Mr Cranch is again here\u2014 he has Spent one Evening with me and taken one Breakfast.\u2014 He is busy with Mr Greenleaf, but in very good health.\n          The Mania of Magnificence, is as bad as that of Avarice. King Hooper and Coll Lee, were all their Lives in Such a Rivalry as Mrs Morris & Mr Bingham. Heaven preserve me from Such a Judgment. Industry, Frugality, Moderation, and Resignation are the only Qualities which can render human Life happy.\n          To be first is the Charm as you say. But no more than one can be first\u2014are all the rest to be miserable?\n          Your Annals of Husbandry continue to delight me. Pray have the yards and Styes all filled with Seaweed. There are 2 or 3 Loads of Manure at the sheep barn which ought to be carted up the Hill.\u2014 Joys Manure must be sledded in Winter over the Meadows to our Corn field in the old Plain. The Manure made in the Stable and Barn at home, must be carted or sledded up the Hill before Spring.\u2014 If Seaweed can be obtained, it is my design to cover the Mowing Ground opposite Eb. Pennimans as well as the Meadow by Cleverlys. I dont wish to lay out more Work than our People can do but I only mention these Things to you that they may be kept in mind.\n          Brisler will send you Flour as soon as any Vessell Sails for Boston.\n          Mr Ceracchi has sent here a Present for you\u2014a Medallion in\nMarble of my Head\u2014as grave, as Sad, as anxious as Severe, as the marble is hard, and the work fine. I inclose you his Card", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0180", "content": "Title: John Adams to John Quincy Adams, 2 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\n            Philadelphia Decr 2. 1794\n          Holland, according to our latest Accounts from Europe, may so very possibly have been overrun by the French that it is uncertain where this Letter will find you. As you have a French Tongue in your head, and received a Part of your Education in France, I Should be under no Apprehensions, of your receiving any uncivil Treatment if you were to be wholly among the French, especially as you are a Citizen a Republican and an American. If indeed that Country should be conquered, or if it should become an Ally like Geneva and a new form of Government instituted, all you can do will be to write home and wait for further Orders from The President. I am not however of Opinion that either of these Cases will be reallized.\n          Your rising Reputation at the Bar, your admired Writings, upon occasional Subjects of great Importance, and your political Influence among the younger Gentlemen of Boston sometimes make me regret your Promotion, and the Loss of your Society to me and to\nyour Mother, are additional Circumstances of a disagreable Nature. On the other side, your Appointment is respectable and you see Europe again at the most interesting Period of its History.\n          Our Army under Wayne has beat the Indians, and The Militia under Governor Lee, have Subdued the Insurgents, a miserable though numerous rabble of Irish & Scotch Emigrants and Redemptioners, chiefly imported Since 1783. The good Members of Congress are generally reelected, and some who were not so good have been left out.\n          Your Mother and all your Friends are as well as when you left Us. Your Uncle, who was also to you for sometime a Preceptor and instead of a Father, went off Suddenly and left a Widow and Children in Distress. I must assist them as much as I can. They have deserved it by their Kindness to me and mine upon all Occasions.\n          Charles has passed his Examination with honour and is now a Barrister\u2014or Councillor, and if a premature Marriage should not injure him, in a good Way.\n          The Duke de Liancourt is arrived here in the Pigou, and as it is reported in a very destitute Condition.\n          It is difficult to find opportunities to send you the News papers: but I will seek as many as I can.\n          Mr Greenleaf is soon to embark and will be able to give you all Information\n          With a tender Affection as well as great / Esteem I am, my Dear son / your\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0181", "content": "Title: John Adams to Thomas Boylston Adams, 3 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Thomas Boylston\n            My dear Thomas\n            Philadelphia Decr. 3. 1794\n          You have lost the Opportunity of sharing in the Glory of some of your Friends in this City, who have been out and returned, from the Campain against the Insurrection in the four Western Counties of Pensilvania. Your Friend Climer lost his Life, and is greatly lamented.\n          \u2019Squire Cranch as his Father calls him was here Yesterday with Mr Greenleaf, whose Agent as well as Lawyer he is to be at the F\u0153deral City. A little ill Luck in the Loss of his Books and Cloaths, with Mrs Daltons furniture and Mr Daltons 100 dozen of Madeira Wine, will not I hope discourage him. 40 houses which Mr Greenleaf is building at once will give him Amusement and Employment.\n          Pray how does that mighty Novelty Europe Strike your youthful Curiosity.? Let me tell you a Secret Tom.\u2014 It will either make or mar you. If you prove Superiour to its Blandishments Seductions and false Charms, it will make a Man of you.\u2014 if not you are undone.\n          Your Friends enquire often about you, and express their high Esteem.\n          Your Landlady came with her little Daughter and asked me to lend her your Bed till Spring, in moving Accents which I did not Strive to resist. The other Things We shall take away. The Gentlemen Boarders at your Lodgings enquire civilly & kindly after you.\n          Science, Litterature in general, Law & Policy in particular, Arts Agriculture Commerce and Taste, ought to be your Objects\u2014 And have a Care how you loose your Admiration of the sublimest Philosophy which the human Mind can conceive, or your Love of the purest Morals which ever touched the human heart.\u2014 One God of Wisdom Goodness & Power, creating preserving and Governing the Universe in Truth & Justice and rewarding in a future World Virtue & Benevolence in this. A Wise Man if he could be convinced that this was all fiction and Imposture (which he never can be) would think himself bound if he had either felt Love or Benevolence, to Support it with all his faculties.\n          All our friends are well and anxious to hear from your Brother & you. Adieu my dear son / I am your affectionate\n            John Adams\n            Remember me to all my old friends", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0182", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 5 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia Decr 5. 1794\n          I returned, this Day the Visit of the ci-devant Duke De Liancourt. He is a Sensible Man. He is a Cousin German of the late Duke de la Rochefaucault, and inherited his Estate and for what I know his Titles: but neither the Estate nor Titles are of any Use at present.\u2014 What will be, the future destiny of these high Personages is a curious Problem.\n          I endeavoured to impress upon him as I have upon all other French men, the Necessity of an independent Senate in France, incapable of being warped by Ministers of State on one hand or by popular Demagogues on the other.\n          I begin now to entertain hopes of soon hearing from our Sons, to whom I have written by Mr Greenleaf.\n          This Session of Congress is the most innocent I ever knew.\u2014 We have done no harm.\n          The English are so beaten and the French so tryumphant that I wonder, there are not some Projects for War.\u2014 But it seems Popularity is not now to be gotten by Spirit.\n          I know not what to write to you, unless I tell you I love you, and long to see you\u2014 But this will be no News. I wish I had a farm here\u2014 I would give you my Chronicles of Husbandry in return for yours.\n          Three long months before I can see you. Oh! What to do with myself I know not.\n          Brisler has this day shipped 2 Barrells of flour and the Medallion\u2014by Ames.\n          My Duty to My Mother and Love to Brothers & sisters & Cousins.\n          Mr Morris enquired of me the Character of William Cranch\u2014 besure I gave him a good one.\n          How is Mr Wiberts Health and Mr Quincys?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0184", "content": "Title: John Adams to Charles Adams, 6 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Charles\n            Dear Charles\n            Philadelphia Decr 6. 1794\n          I condole with you, under the mournful News of the Barons Palsy. I have long wondered that a Military Character so habituated to exercise should have neglected it so imprudently for so many Years. This Country is loosing in rapid Succession the Characters\nwho were forward and active in the Revolution. Mr Handcock, Mr sherman Mr Alsop, Mr Witherspoon, Mr Clark Mr Lee, Mr Gillon, and now the Baron, will in a few months lessen the Catalogue of Old Hands. There is however, a young Generation rising who promise to fill their places, with equal Decency Reputation and Utility. May you, my son be one among the many whose Appearance upon the stage, may comfort the hearts and quiet the fears for their Country of the elder Characters as they Advance off. and among the rest of your affectionate / Father\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0186", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 8 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia Decr 8. 1794\n          Your favour of Nov. 30, I received this morning. As every Thing conspires to keep me poor, I may as well give Way as not: so I will even agree to purchase Pratts Pew: But when I can send you Money to pay for it I know not\u2014 The Appropriation Bill is not passed and when it will be brought forward is uncertain, I will Send to the Treasury however and see if I can get a quarter without it. If I cannot I will write you Word in a Post or two. As to Pratts parting with the Pew I believe there is little danger of his finding any other but me imprudent enough to go to his Price.\n          Brisler has given fourteen Pence this Currency, about 11d of our\nLawful Money per Pound for what he has sent by Eames, of Clover Seed, and two dollars for 1/2 Bushell of Herds Grass seed, but it is thought the Price will rise.\n          The Senators and Representatives from N. England come to see me oftener than they ever did when at Mr Otis\u2019s or when I had a Family here, and We converse on a more familiar Footing: But I cannot bear this course of Life\u2014 I must get out of it, some way or other.\n          The Whiskey Rebellion has rendered unpopular the Rant that was in vogue last Winter: but as every Thing has its Revolution in these revolving Days It may become fashionable again.\n          It Seems that Dearborn & William Lyman are not chosen at the first Tryal, and I should guess they will not have a better Chance at the Second.\n          The Situation of Britain is fearful, as well as that of Holland: nor is that of France, notwithstanding their brillant Successes against their external Ennemies less ominous. But The Deneuement, The Catastrophy of the whole vast plot is beyond the reach of my Comprehension or Conjecture.\n          The Right of a nation to institute a Government is undeniable: But whether any nation will ever fairly institute a good one is yet a Problem. I fear that France will be cheated into a bad one after all her struggles & sacrifices.\n          I have written to our sons. I dont flatter myself with hearing very soon of their Arrival. Their Visit is made to Europe in a very critical and a very interesting time. Every Faculty they have, must be excited by the terrors around them, and the Observations Reflections and Conversation they may have, may be of the greatest service to them thro Life.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0187", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 10 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n          Entre nous Mr sheerjashub Bourne called upon me the other Morning to ask me some Questions about Mr Blacks farm and Captn. Beale\u2019s farm. He says both are to be sold\u2014 Beale asks ten\nthousand Dollars for his New House and farm\u2014and the same for Squantm\u2014 Mr Blacks asks Eighteen thousand but it is Supposed would take fifteen. I hope in mercy Bourn will not buy\u2014 Our present Neighbours are I believe much better. dont say any thing of this. Beale and Black are both impatient to be making Money in Boston, and I dare say the Ladies had rather shine in the City.\n          Mrs Hancock it seems, thinks the Captn of a Man of War as great a Man as a Governor or King\u2014 I dare say she will find him a greater. Do you remember a Dialogue of Ld Littleton between The Princess of orange and the Countess of Clarickard? I dare say she has no Idea of devoting herself to the Memory of a deceased Husband. such Ideas are too Heroic & Romantic, for this enlightened Age.\n          Mr Cranch breakfasted with me, this morning. Tomorrow he goes off\u2014 I gave him a Letter to Mr Carrol of Carrolton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0188", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 11 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            Quincy December 11thThursday mor 1794\n            my Dearest Friend\n          I was most sadly dissapointed last Evening when my Newpapers came from the post office without a Letter. the latest date I have received was Novbr 26, so that two post have arrived without a line. I am not anxious if one, only passes, but you are usually so good in writing me once a week always; and very frequently oftener, that I am really allarmd least you are sick, & very sick otherways you\nwould have written. my only hope rest now that mr Freeman who I hear got in yesterday, may have a letter for me. I shall be in the vapours till Saturday, if I do not hear.\n          I have read with great eagerness the Debates in Congress, and whilst I am highly gratified at the firmness and independant Spirits discoverd by those who with superior Tallents Support the Laws & Government, I am mortified to find so large a proportion of that House Abbettors of Jacobine clubbs, and favourers of a spirit of insurrection and Rebellion\u2014 yet tis best that the world should see and know them, and their principals. these have been pretty fully displayd in the late Debates. Austin I hear is thundering his annathamas against the President & Ecoing Giles in the Chronical.\n          we have had remarkable fine weather Since December came in. I pray you to send me for a New years Gift, Lady Cravens Journey to constantinople, Bennet\u2019s Strictures on Female Education, & to Louissa Bennets Letters to a young Lady. they are to be Sold at Davies Book store No 68 market Street.\n          My Creditors call upon me, and I promise to pay them in the course of the Month. I am really in want of a remittance. I know I have it in my power to help myself, but I had rather wait a few days longer\u2014\n          I have only time to add Sincere & fervent wishes for your Health & happiness\u2014without which neither can be the lot of your ever affectionate\n            I have written to you every week", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0189", "content": "Title: Charles Adams to Abigail Adams, 11 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, Charles\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dear Mother\n          Since I left the Baron which was about three weeks ago I have had the melancholy account of his being attacked with the numb palsy. I never expect to see him again his total neglect of exercise has rendered it almost impossible he should ever recover. Thus\nstrikes the hand of disease\u2014and we are no more. To me he has been a friend indeed and I may never expect [\u201c]to look upon his like again.\u201d\u2014\n          My brothers have gone where they will probably behold many scenes of distress. As it does not appear possible to stop the career of the French they may be obliged to return to this Country earlier than we expected. By the latest accounts to be credited the French army have obtained such a footing in Holland that according to their usual mode of progression the whole Country may in a few weeks be in their possession The present Session of Congress promises to be very tedious not an inch but what is disputed with all the virulence of party Messrs Ames and Dexter have gained great credit by the eloquence of their speeches but I fear a majority of Antifederalists in the lower house. If this Country is to be governed by Democratic societies honest men had better retire. \u201cWhen vice prevails and impious men bear sway the post of honor is a private station\u201d Colo Hamilton resigns in January and if Mr Jay does not return I think he will be proposed as Governor for this State. Though nothing of this kind has as yet transpired I have little doubt that it will shortly come forth. Should he prevail it will be the victory of Schuyler over many of our great Demagogues whether \u201cthis is a consolation devoutly to be wished\u201d or not, I leave for those who are more fond of party animosity than I am to determine. Though I have much confidence in the firmness and independence of Col Hamilton yet I freely own I know of no man who can at the present moment support with perfect freedom the dignity of that chair.\n          Adieu my dear Mother believe me ever your / affectionate son\n            Charles Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0190", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 12 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my dearest Friend\n            Quincy December 12th 1794\n          If I had waited patiently for the post of Thursday Noon, I need not have had so much anxiety, but I had Sent on Wednesday to the office, and received my papers, & word that there were no Letters, so not having been very well myself, my Imagination conjured up\nthat you were not only sick, but very sick, or you would not let two posts pass without writing. I was relieved by your Letters of December 1 & 2d. what I wrote you respecting the Medford Farm, and collecting Materials for Building, went only upon the Supposition that my Sister should sell. the Building I know will be expensive, but according to Captain Brooks, the house is Scarcly habitable If I had more landed estate, which had been my Fathers, I should regreet less the parting with my part of the Medford Farm. For I never had an anxiety upon my mind, but what if I was ever to be so unhappy as to need it, that I should be sufficiently provided for. yet as that is my Birth Right; been upwards of ninety years in the Family & sixty Tennanted by the Same Name; I own I should part with it with great reluctance. captain Brooks told me that there had been a Number of persons to him, since the death of mr shaw to inquire if mrs shaw would sell, & whether it were possible to purchase the whole. the Cannals have given a rise to land in that Neighbourhood if Mrs shaw does not sell, she will Mortgage the income to Build I have conversd with the Doctor upon the Subject. he means to go to Medford & take a Carpenter with him and estimate the cost. Mrs Shaw has some thoughts of selling Hockly which will enable her to Build without relinquishing her income from the Medford Farm, but she is still undertermind, & wishes for advise\u2014 I did not like to give it, first, because I really could not say which was best for her to do, and because I was an interested person. tho I know I am not selfish, and should dispise my self if I was capable of even wishing an advantage over any person, much less the widow & Fatherless. I was gratified the last week in hearing of an act of benevolence in the Haverhill Farmers. some of them proposed to the Gentlemen of the Town, that if they would purchase a Quantity of wood in the woods Sufficient for Mrs shaw this Winter, they would cut & draw it, which was accordingly done, and at Thanksgiving they continued & manifested their regard and affection towards her. who ever goes after her in the Relation in which she has stood, will find a difficult Task to make her place good. no person could wish to be more loved & regarded by a people than she is by them.\n          Have you read the Jacobiniad in the orrery? do you know its features? you will recollect a request made for a coppy of a poem. the Reply was that it was out of the hands of the owner. if they become Sausy & Insolent it shall be printed, said they who the retailer is I know not. I suppose Honestus\u2019s attack upon the President has brought forth the extracts alluded to. I was pleasd with the address\nof the Senate, and observd to mr Cranch, how feelingly the President replied, & with an ardour & warmth, that shew his sensibility upon the occasion\u2014 the address of the House, is like the motion of a Caterpillar, slow & heavy; I expect the Countanance which the Democrats have met with from the House, and their unwillingness to censure them, will cost this Country a standing Army. as France has had a great hand in raising the Spirit of munity & Rebellion here, now she appears to be convinced of the pernicious concequences resulting from her Revolutionary Tribunals, Jacobine clubs &c & Since the convention have declared it a disgrace to suffer any voices to be heard in the Republick, which shall speak louder than the National representitives. I hope their influence will be as great in crushing this Hydra, as in giving birth to it, but the Devil is always easier raisd than laid. what say the Jacobins to that part of the address, which says\u2014\u201cNo private Authority, or society is the People; or ought to act or speak in their Name.\u201d Holland it is generally believed is in the Hands of the French\u2014 England is just ready for Tumult. happy America, Land peculiarly blest! long may it continue thus, under an all gracious Providence, to whom do this people owe their safety and security? to their wise govenours\u2014their judicious patriots, & to the enlightned part of the community.\n          present my respectfull compliments to mr Ceracchi for his obliging present. if it is as good a likeness as the Bust, I shall value it highly\u2014 I wish I could obtain a Medallion of the President as a companion to it. this Country will never again be blest, as it is at this Period. may the Remembrance be perpetuated. I see the Secretary of the Treasury has Sent in his determination to resign. have his adversaries hunted him down? or has he more asspiring views.? where will be found a successor?\n          The Farmers Calender must Succeed. this week 3 days have been employd in the woods, one day in plowing for mr Belcher. diging up the wall & heaping the Stones for sleding has occupied some of their time. to day they are in quest of more sea weed, but my people, all report, that they have cleard the Shores of it. the manure at the Barn will be attended to. at present we see no prospect of Snow, nor does the Season look like winter. shaw told me a few days ago that he had been seven weeks here, & that his Team had not stood still a day during the whole time, Sundays excepted. his Name sake wants more energy. tis difficult getting him in motion.\n          Mrs Brisler is here to day She and her Family are well\u2014 our Friends are all So. your Mother has walkd here twice this week, and\nspent two days with me. Remember me to mrs otis & cousin Betsy. they were all well at her Brothers yesterday\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0191", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to Abigail Adams, 12 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            The Hague December 12th: 1794\n          The Commission with which you charged me for the Messrs Willink has been executed so far as depends upon me. The Gentlemen have promised to embrace the first opportunity that offers for Boston, to forward the things to you. I thought that they were too large to be sent with convenience form New York, for which port only, were there any vessels to sail immediately from Amsterdam. The commissions with which I was charged for Mrs Welsh to be executed in England, were duly attended to. The Silk was colored according to the pattern given; and the money delivered to Mrs Copley to purchase the other silk, who promised to send it by the first opportunity addressed to you. I believe this is all the important business I have to communicate.\n          I wish it were in my power to afford you any amusement by this opportunity; but having experienced very little myself since my residence here, I have nothing to relate which could be worthy of your perusal. I past a few days some time since at Amsterdam, and received many flattering civilities from many people there, but as I cannot yet speak either french or the language of the Country, I felt\nmyself what I actually was in most companies, a mere cypher. I understand almost every thing spoken in French, and hope shortly to acquire the talent of speaking that language, which is more generally in use than the language of this Country.\n          I was pleased with the City of Amsterdam, which in point of appearance is much superior to London. We were occasionally in company with the Orangists & the Patriots, and sometimes there was a mixture of both; the professions of friendship & cordiality were greater from some of the patriotic party than the orangists, but I should do violence to my opinion if I said, that any difference was discernible in the actual attentions we experienced. I could easily discover the exciting cause of professions of attachment to America, which came from gentlemen, who owe all their present wealth to the lucrative commerce they carry on with that Country, and I could not but think, that the warmth of expression was in some measure proportioned to the degree of benefit. In short there is a species of idolatry to money in this Country, which altho\u2019 it may not be more fervent than in other places, at least has the appearance of devotion, because it is not a point of delicacy to conceal their homage. I began in England to despise the sordid temper which appear\u2019s to actuate that people in a great degree, but my contempt was not complete till I saw this passion in its most lively colors in the genius of a Dutchman. I have no contempt for the possession of money, as it is a means of obtaining the goodthings of this world, but to possess millions, and convert them to no use for the benefit of others, is practising avarice in its most approbrious shape. I suppose however that the doctrine of Hobbes is more strikingly illustrated in this Country, than any other; and that the ladder of power is made of gold, instead of personal merit. It is but a different mean of attaining the end & aim of all mankind. When gold is wisdom, or in the same estimation among a whole people, the heaviest purse is sure of the greatest patronage. It is a circumstance as singular in my opinion as it is true in fact, that this principle of avarice is so strong, that it will not suffer these people to contribute a trifling proportion of their wealth to defend and secure the whole. I suspect that the despotic dominion of their glittering Master, has so dazzled the active force of independence in their minds, that they will submit to any foreign power, that may chose to take them under protection. Present appearances authorize all these reflections; you will not therefore accuse me of severity; when they deserve a better opinion I shall be happy to embrace it.\n          You will wish to know in what manner we pass our time here. I can satisfy you in a few words. We rise in the morning between 8 & 9, write all the forenoon, that is till 3 \u2019o\u2019Clock. Get our dinner, and then read or write till between 12 & 1. at night. This is the journal of one day, and it answers equally well for all. When the weather permits I take a walk in the wood, where the only beings with whom I have any connection are an army of half naked beggars who are emploring a hard earned pittance from the close-clinched fist of charity. This place is in itself a delightful spot. I never saw a City altogether so beautiful; in Summer it must be another paradise, you see already I have begun to rebell.\n          Remember me to all friends in your neighborhood, and believe me now & at all times / your Son\n            Thomas B Adams.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0192", "content": "Title: Charles Adams to John Adams, 13 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, Charles\nTo: Adams, John\n          I yesterday received your favor of the 11th inst enclosing the Post note for 100 Dols: for which receive my thanks. Our election for members of the house of Representatives was finished yesterday and thus an end put for sometime to the iniquities which upon such occasions are always practised. The friends of the Democratic Mr Livingston and of the Aristocratic Mr Watts flatter themselves that their respective Candidate will obtain the seat. Among the many odd circumstances in this world that the Livingston family should obtain the reputation of Democrats is not the least curious but not surprising.\n            \u201cObserve their courtship to the common people:\n            How they do seem to dive into their hearts,\n            With humble and familiar courtesy;\n            What reverence do they throw away on slaves;\n            Wooing poor craftsmen with the craft of smiles,\n            And patient underbearing of their fortunes,\n            As \u2019t\u2019were to banish their affects with them.\n            Off goes each bonnet to an oyster wench:\n            A brace of draymen bid God speed them well!\n            And had the tribute of their humble knees;\n            With\u2014Thanks our Countrymen our loving friends.\u201d\n          I suppose in case Mr Jay does not soon return Col Hamilton will be proposed for the office of Governor of this State. Mr Burr expects to obtain it. Mr Clinton is to resign as is said. Chancellor Livingston has pretensions. Not one among these candidates can supply the place of Mr Jay whether this State is to be ruled by the Schuyler or Livingston family is of no great importance and by one or the other it must be if the Chief Justice does not return. These are my sincere sentiments, sentiments which if made public would damn me in the eyes of both parties. I beleive them just and I cannot and will not go every length with any party whatsoever.\n          I am my dear Sir your affectionate son\n            Chas Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0193", "content": "Title: John Adams to Charles Adams, 13 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Charles\n            Dear Charles\n            Philadelphia Decr. 13. 1794\n          The Nature, Designs, rise, Progress, present State future Operations and successes of \u201cSelfcreated Societies,[\u201d] are likely to become Objects of interesting Enquiry and should be critically Studied by a Lawyer. We know something of the History of them in France. The fruits of them in Geneva you will see in the Pamphlet inclosed which was written by D\u2019Ivernois. The fruits of them in Scotland, you may see in another Pamphlet inclosed, the Tryal of Wat and Downie.\u2014 I may send you another Pamphlet shewing them in Lauzanne and Le Pays de vaud in Switzerland\u2014as also in some other Tryals in England and Scotland.\n          It behoves you as a Lawyer to Settle in your Mind accurate Ideas of the Limits prescribed to the Legality of Such Societies,\nAssemblies Conventions or Clubbs. I will assist you in furnishing you with Information on these Subjects.\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0194", "content": "Title: John Quincy Adams to Abigail Adams, 13 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My dear Madam.\n            The Hague December 13 1794.\n          I hear of an opportunity from Rotterdam to Boston, but so lately that I have scarce time to write any Letters except my necessary dispatches. General Eustace goes as a passenger in this vessel, and I have given him letters of introduction to you and several other of my friends in Boston.\n          Had I known of this vessel earlier I could have taken measures to send your things by her; which for the present must be postponed. I hope however we shall have occasions from Amsterdam.\n          Of news I can say but little. The detail of war is as insipid in relation as it is inhuman in action. The french armies do not go into winter quarters; three days since they attempted at three several places to cross the Waal, but failed of success. The other army at Mentz last week renewed an assault upon that city five times but were still repulsed, as is pretended with great loss.\u2014 All this amounts to nothing upon the great scale. The success of the French is at this time secured almost beyond the malice of Fortune. Another campaign appears however to be inevitable\n          We begin to be very anxious to hear from our friends in America; we hope they will not wait to hear of our arrival, before they write to us. It is probable that the present state of affairs in this Country may deter our merchants from sending their vessels to Holland.\u2014 You will therefore be so kind as to write by every opportunity to England, enclosing your letters under cover addressed either to Mr: Pinckney or Mr: Johnson. I shall easily receive them in either case.\n          Before this reaches you the Treaty signed by Mr: Jay and Lord Grenville, will no doubt have reached America, and be under the discussion of the Senate. The rumour of Mr: Jay\u2019s being further employed in negotiations for Peace is revived, and it has even been publicly said that he is gone to Paris. I have however already observed to you that I see no real prospect of Peace whatever\n          At Paris, the moderate party still maintain their ascendancy and the Jacobins are nearly dissolved to appearance. I retain however the opinion upon this subject, that I expressed in my Letter to you from London.\u2014 It is the effervescence of boiling water, which only subsides for a moment after overflowing. \u201cModeration\u201d like all the other principles for these five years in that Country, is the watchword of a Faction, used to oppress another faction whose watchword was \u201cterror.\u201d Which ever of the two prevails will extinguish the other in blood. I should not be surprized to see within six months the Jacobins restored to all the plenitude of their power and glory; though at this time they are becoming from day to day more and more unpopular.\n          In England the Parliament is prorogued to the 30th: of this month, and will probably be so until the 21st: of the next. The trials for hightreason have all terminated triumphantly for the prisoners. The war becomes burdensome and unpopular; the administration is illsorted and discordant, the people are clamorous for Peace, and the Government decided for War.\n          In this Country, the States of all the Provinces have recommended Negotiations for peace. The Government party pretend that they are going forward: the patriots think that they are the only persons with whom France will treat, and they most devoutly hope that the first article of the pacification may prescribe the extirpation of the present ruling power.\n          Though we have no Letters from America, our intelligence is as late as the beginning of November, from thence and we are happy to find it agreeable. Peace, Prosperity, and Happiness, inseparable in their nature; that they may be all enjoyed by our Country is the most fervent wish of, Dear Madam, your affectionate Son.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0195", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 14 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest friend\n            Philadelphia Decr 14. 1794\n          I wrote you last Week and inclosed an order for 600. Let me know when you receive it.\n          Although the Weather is the most beautiful I ever knew in December, the Time Seems longer to me, than ever any time did in America\u2014 The Business of Congress this session is Dulness Flatness and Insipidity itself.\n          Mr Cranch went off, on Fryday for Washington as he intended to go to Anapolis, I gave him a Letter to Mr Carrol of Carrolton.\n          I have been much engaged in Reading the Tryals of Muir, Margarot, Wat, Downie, and Walker.\n          Mr Walker of Manchester appears to have been very ill used by\nthe Church Party: but he was honourably acquitted. The others, I suppose could not be held guiltless, according to the Laws of scotland, and England. The severity however of their Sentences may excite rather than Suppress discontent and Mutiny. Selfcreated Societies, must be circumspect. It is very easy for them to transgress the Boundaries of Law, and as soon as they do they become unlawful assemblies, Seditious societies, mischievous Conventions, pernicious Associations, dangerous and destructive Combinations and as many such hard Appellations as you choose to give them.\n          I take it for granted that political Clubbs must and ought to be lawful in every free Country.\u2014 I belonged to several in my youth and I wish I could belong to one now. It would save me from Ennui, of an Evening, which now torments me as bad as the blue Devils would, if I had them, which by the Way I never had, and so cant say by Experience. Low Spirits and the blue Devils are not the Same.\u2014\n          I think I will read Sweedenbourgs Works\u2014 I dare Say they are as entertaining as The Pilgrims Progress or Robinson Crusoe or the seven Champions. Any Thing that shows a strong and strange Imagination and is neither melancholly nor stark mad, is Amuzing. I fear the Atheistical and Theistical Philosophers lately turned Politicians, will drive the common People into Receptacles of Visionaries, Enluminees, illumin\u00e9es &c &c &c For the Common People will undoubtedly insist upon the Risque of being damned rather than give up the hope of being Saved in a future State. The People will have a Life to come, and so will I.\u2014\n          I fear you will think me a little crazy\u2014so I / conclude Adieu\n            I send you an History of Geneva", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0197", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 16 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my Dearest Friend\n          Tomorrow will compleat three Months Since our dear sons saild, and this moment I have received a Letter from Town with this agreable intellegence, \u201con Sunday Evening the 14 Captain Joy arrived from England. just before he saild from the Downs, a ship came too about 2 miles a head, of him. the Pilot who came on Board Captain Joy told him she was the ship Alfred in 32 days from Boston.[\u201d] tho I have no letters; yet to know that the vessel is safe arrived, has given me a pleasure which you will easily conceive and participate, and I seazd my pen instantly to communicate it to you. I pray God our dear Children may be safe and well.\n          I expect Letters from you tomorrow. mr Brislers Letter came to day inclosing a Bill of Laiding our people have compleated covering the Medow with sea weed, which is all that can be obtaind untill a North East wind replenishs our shores again. mr Brisler mentions a case & tells me it must not be brought up in a cart, but Does not say what the contents are. adieu I am / most sincerly & affectionatly yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0198", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 16 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia December 16. 1794\n          I had flattered myself all the last Week with the Hope of a Letter on Monday: but when Yesterday came I found in the Door Keepers lodge of the Senate, no Letter for me, though the Post was arrived, and the other Gentlemen had their Letters. Disappointed, mortified, sometimes half resentful, but more often anxious and Apprehensive that you were sick, I passed but an unpleasant Morning: After dinner your Letter of the 6th. was brought to me in my Chamber, having been left with Mr Francis, I know not why, by one of the Presidents servants.\n          Callendars \u201cPolitical Progress,[\u201d] is a Part of a great System of Reform or Sedition, which made a great Noise in Scotland, and has\noccasioned the transportation to Botany Bay of Muir, Margarot, & Gerald; a sentence of High Treason against Wat and Downie, &c &c.\n          Self created Societies are setting all Mankind together by the Ears. They will not cease in other Countries till they are laid aside in France, where they begin to be found inconvenient and to be thought dangerous. The popular Society of Caen resolved \u201cWe Acknowledge none but you for the Chiefs of the State: We own the national Representatives as the only point of rallying, and the People alone for sovereign. We Swear to be always faithful to the Convention. We will regard as the Ennemy of the People every Man who would rouse, near you, any Rival, insolent and usurping Authority.\u201d Bache\u2019s Paper tells Us it is The Spirit of the times to Support the constituted Authorities against all self created, usurping rival Pretensions.\u2014\n          Whether The French or the Dutch are Uppermost in Holland our Sons have nothing to fear: I hope in a month or six Weeks We shall hear from them.\n          Solus has it right\u2014 I want my Wife to hover over and about me.\n          I hope Shaws Yard and Joys Yard, are or will be fill\u2019d with sea Weed as well as mine. The Business has gone on charmingly\u2014 dont forget your Daily or Weekly Chronicles of Farming.\n          As Dorothy has hitherto had only a peevish, fretful feeble Child for an Husband, I congratulate her on her opening Prospects of Advancement in the World, to the Arms of a generous, cheerful, good humoured, and able bodied Man. As the service of the People, according to modern Principles is no honour, Hopkintonianism in Politicks being the orthodox creed there can be no distinction between a Governor of a State and a Commander of a ship, except such as The Nerves confer. I suppose he has Property, which Added to hers will make their old Age comfortable and that is enough. Literary Taste, intellectual Joys, Delicacy of the Sense of honour, and Reputation are about equal. I am not censorious. Not I. As Governors Wife, like her Husband, she has been an unprofitable servant and has no Merit\u2014 Why then should she have any Pride or Ambition?\u2014\n          The Weather has been so fine, that I hope Eames has Arrived with your Flour seeds and Medallion. I hope you will consent to request Ceracchi, to give that Image to Harvard or the Accademy.\n          Love & Duty. Adieu.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0200", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 19 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n          I promised you in my last an Account of the Commencement in the Methodists Meetinghouse north fourth st. near Vine street. But as a Bill which had some Allusion to the late Rebellion, and consequently interested the feelings of Parties, came on in Senate I could not get out of my Chair till three O Clock, and was therefore disappointed.\n          I sent at once and bought the Books: but as I have made a free Use of the Post office of late I must not send them too fast.\u2014 I have read Lady Craven to day & Yesterday, with more Amusement than Edification.\u2014 I shall Stiffle myself with reading. The late Tryals in Scotland and England, have attracted my Attention very much. State Prosecutions of such Severity bode nothing good to Britain\n          Eames with your Flour and my Letter with an order are arrived before this I presume.\n          The Weather has been Spring like and fair along time. To Day it rains most abundantly. We expect cold after it.\n          Your last Letter had not one Word of Agriculture in it,\u2014 I hope my broad Wheels are under Salt Water\u2014and that Joys Yard and shaws Yard are filled with Seaweed, and especially I hope that soft and Warm Beds are made of it for our Swinish Multitude in all our Yards.\n          Love & Duty. Adieu.\n            Can you find the Portraits of the Kings and Queens of England & France in the inclosed Riddle? Look upon the White upon the Edges of the Serpents and the Urn.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0201", "content": "Title: John Adams to Charles Adams, 20 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Charles\n            Philadelphia December 20. 1794\n          The inclosed Tryals of Muir, Margorot and Gerald, will afford you Entertainment and Information. as Nothing lays open the Spirit and Temper of the Times, better than the Criminal Proceedings in the Courts of Justice: I thought I could not send you a more acceptable Present.\n          The great Question whether a Part of the People may So far assume the Powers of Government, already delegated by the whole to the ordinary Legislative Executive and Judicial Authorities, as to appoint Deputies to meet in Conventions even for the Purposes of petitioning, or of instructing Representatives, will now receive a decision in more Nations than one. The Right of meeting in Societies, Sodalities or Clubbs, to converse, investigate, examine criticise, even the Measures of Government, or the Characters of Governors is one Thing. A Claim to meet for the Purpose of publishing Censures, or of opposing Measures or of writing Laws is another. A Pretension to meet by Proxies, for such Purposes is a third Thing.\n          If the French national Convention should put down Such societies, they will dwindle also in America.\n          King McClenican has come out to Day with a Manifesto against the President, senate & Representatives of the United States: and a few Days ago, appeared an Apology of the Society in Baltimore. I Suppose the Measure will go through and We shall see, the Eloquence and Learning of all the Clubbs in the Union\n          The Tryal of Gerald is the most valuable, of any I have yet seen. The Arguments of Mr Gilles and Mr Laing his Council are masterly Productions; Those of Mr Montgomery and the other Council for the Crown are ingenious, too\u2014 The Prisoners had all been to School,: Muir and Margarot to France: Gerald to Philadelphia.\n          The Tryals of Sinclair, Skirving and Palmer I have not yet been able to procure.\u2014 My old Acquaintance, Lord Daer, son of the Earl of Selkirk I find was a Member of The British Convention, and the first to assume and bestow the Appellation of Citizen. He is a Man of Learning. He brought Letters to me in Paris and was treated with a good deal of Civility. I wonder he was not Sent to the Bay. But I Suppose that Transportation like kissing goes by favour.\n          The Papers announce to Us the Death of our Friend the Baron,\nwhom I Sincerely lament. The Importance of his services to this Country were not known to every One so well as to me.\n          I hope your Finger is better: and that your Business is brisk.\n          I am told there are many Runners and Riders in your State, employed to bring forward Mr Burr to the Chair.\n          Adieu, my Son. Write as often / as you can to your Father\n            John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0202", "content": "Title: Thomas Boylston Adams to John Adams, 20 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, Thomas Boylston\nTo: Adams, John\n            The Hague December 20th: 1794.\n          The rumor\u2019s of peace have almost totally subsided; those still in circulation deserve as little credit, as they generally receive. The hope is still cherished, and even encouraged by the Government here, merely to silence the importunate demands of many of its\nadherents. In a former letter I mentioned the report then current, that a cessation of hostilities had been agreed to, by the armies in this neighborhood. The occasion of this rumor, which was premature, was the actual suspension of military movements on either side, for the space of four weeks, but the subsequent activity of the french in renewing with the utmost vigor their martial operations, seems to determine the error of the report. On the 11th: instt: aided by an impenetrable fogg, the french army under General Pichegru attempted to take the City of Mentz by assault five times repeated, but each with the same ill success. At the same time there was an ineffectual effort to cross the Waal in three different places, but they were every where repulsed. Their decided superiority of force must shortly surmount this obstacle, which will compel the British Troops to evacuate this territory somehow or other.\n          As a consequence of the cessation of peaceful rumors, the prospect of another campaign becomes the order of the day.\n          That the combination will be diminished, either by the obtainment of peace, which the ruling power in the National Convention has avowed itself disposed to grant to all but Great Britain, or by actual conquest on the part of France, is the general belief. But the last effort is yet to be made, and without almost miraculous intervention, it must terminate like all that have preceded, in disgrace, accumulated oppression, & final defeat.\n          The latest intelligence from Paris, brings the account of the fresh triumph of Moderateism, as it is called over the Jacobin faction, in the decree of Accusation against Carrier. It passed the Convention almost unanimously, and like many other unanimous votes, numbers who gave it their sanction, have signed their own death warrants. No system will or can be permanent, having Moderation for its basis, while there exists a faction, determined on its destruction, & willing to risque their own existence on the issue. \u201cAlmost any man,\u201d says Dr Priestly, and every other observing mind, \u201cmay command the life of another, if he make no difficulty in sacrificing his own.\u201d The factions in france, are but an aggregate comment upon this fact. I know not what purpose in the order of creation, these Millions of human Sacrifice are ordained to answer. If they should eventually teach wisdom to mankind, and induce them to impose the proper checks upon their passions, the end will be in some degree porportioned by its salutary effects, to the desperate, & melancholy operation of the means. But that experience is dearly bought, which threatens anihilation in the attainment.\n          I have hitherto omitted to give you a detail of our private pursuits and occupations. It is necessary occasionally to be a little garrulous about oneself. For the most part, our time is spent in domestic retirement. Bellona has expelled the Muses & the Graces from the public, & we are induced to hold converse with them only in private. My Brother has purchased something of a Library, by attending Public Sales, which are frequent in this place; this affords us occasional relaxation from Official functions, and we hope e\u2019re long to be tolerably skilled in Diplomatic mysteries.\n          I begin to find the french language tolerably familiar to me. I cannot speak it with fluency, but shall not fail to make myself master of it in time. The little knowledge I had acquired of the German, has proved of some utility, I can make myself understood in this language better than any other but my own, as yet; though the occasions for using it are seldom.\n          The Country, & particularly the Cities I have yet seen, are beyond my expectations in point of magnificence. The Inhabitants, like all money making people, are more attentive to the main chance than social intercourse; but I have no reason to complain of a failure of hospitality towards us. The Climate has not yet impaired my health, but I have seen two or three frightful foggs, thick enough to disseminate agues in abundance. I adhere as much as possible to the regimen of exercise, but am not always at liesure to pursue it. I am not the less convinced of its necessity, and shall proportion my efforts to persevere, to the exigency of the Climate.\n          I take the liberty to enclose to your care, three numbers of the Leyden Gazette, and to request that after reading them your self, you will be good enough to dispatch them to my brother Charles at New York. I hope he will be as punctual in the performance of his engagement, as I endeavor to be in discharging mine.\n          I also enclose a letter for Mr Ingersoll, which you will oblige me by sending to him.\n          With a proper share of filial affection & duty / I remain / your Son\n            Thomas B Adams.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0203", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia Decr 23. 1794\n          Monday, which is the pleasantest day of the Week, because it always brings me a Letter, produced me your favour of the 12th.\n          I am ready to purchase for you, the other half of the Medford Farm, if it is to be Sold, or to advance my your half for Building, if it is not. I think you are right not to sell. keep it as a Remembrancer. Paternal Acres are always good Land.\n          What may be Hamiltons Views I know not: but I Suppose he cannot live here, nor can any other, but in a Style altogether unsuitable to his Station. The Petulance of the People, will fatigue every Man out of his Life, if they continue to be goaded by Seditious Societies. The People will be compelled, either to dismiss their Congress or to restrain their Clubbs.\u2014 I dont mean to hang, or transport to Botany Bay the Members of these Societies as the English and Scotch have done: nor to banish, imprizon or hang as the Canton of Berne has done: but to discountenance and discourage their assemblies.\n          I have read the Jacobiniad\u2014 A Statesman must not be a Satyrist, a Poet, nor a Wit.\u2014 but a \u201cSad Man.\u201d\n          Your Farmers Calender refreshes me like a Cordial. The Weather here is Still so Spring like, that one almost forgets the Season We are in.\n          It has been reported here that Mr Fauchet is to be recalled, how truly I know not.\u2014 They will never Send a Man who will do them more honour or better service\n          I dined Yesterday with Thommy Shippen, and his pretty little Puppet of a Wife\u2014 The poor fellow is as pale and lean as a ghost.\u2014 They have two little Boys.\u2014 Mrs Livingston was there.\n          To return to Jacobinical societies. is it not abominable. To see a Crew headed by Such an ignorant blundering, thick-sculled Irishman as Blair McClenican, publishing their Manifestoes against the President and both Houses of Congress?\n          I send you Bennetts strictures. Louisa\u2019s Book I will send as soon as I have read it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0204", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 24 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my Dearest Friend\n            December 24 Quincy 1794\n          I received your kind favour of the 5th 7th 8th & 10th. what you mention with respect to the sale of the Farms in the Neighbourhood, may be true for ought I know. Mr Black is really in earnest to dispose of his. a Gentleman was up last week to look at it, but thought the price too high. as to the other, I am sure he is not happy here. he has not sufficient Farm to occupy his time here, and as soon as he has compleated all his Buildings he will be still more misirable. he has no resource within himself 4 or 5 sons to Educate, or put into Buisness. it would not be surprizing to me if he should sell provided a purchaser appeard. commerce flourishes so surprizingly, not with standing the \u201cdepredations of unreasonable despoilers\u2014\u201d that I presume these Gentlemen are solicitious to put their property to a better use, than delving in the Earth, merely to get a daily sustanance. I should however be sorry to have them leave the Neighbourhood, as they are good Neighbours.\n          You inquire after mr Wibird. he vegetates, without courage, without Spirit, without resolution. he visits his old Friends some times, but has not been out to meeting once. mr Briggs continues to preach. by his means I have had the pleasure of hearing mr Harris & mr Ware. in short we shall be so nice soon, that we shall be willing that mr Wibird may go & sleep with his Ancestors. I went to see uncle Quincy the other day he was as well as usual\u2014 our Clergy many of them attackd the self created clubbs in their Thanksgiving Sermons, before the President & senate, denounced them. Mr Ware of Hingham, mr Gardner of Boston, and mr osgood of Medford\u2014 whose sermon was printed. I have been so much pleasd with the perusal of it, that I have sent to purchase a couple, and in the mean time have taken Brother Cranchs to forward to you. Mr Ames has not spoken with more force or Energy, than mr osgood has preach\u2019d against these Anarchist\u2019s. mr osgood has taken particular notice of the Govenours Proclamation for Thanksgiving, and given him a well\nmerritted repremand, for his total neglect of the National Government, and asscribed it I believe to the true source.\n          Mr Cranch desires me to thank you for your kind attention to his Son. I hope some arrival will soon bring us good News from ours\u2014 we see so little way before us\u2014that I think it best to submit all futurity into the hands of the great Disposer of events, who has directed us not to be anxious over much \u201cto enjoy is to obey\u201d I will therefore with gratitude reflect upon the large portion of comfort and happiness which has fallen to my lot, without repineing at that which is denyd me.\n          Eames is arrived. tomorrow I shall send for my flower & Seed\n          I am obliged to make use of the credit left me. I did not know that an Appropriation was necessary till March, and I had engaged to discharge some accounts to my Tennants to the sea weed carters Black smiths &c the middle of the Month\u2014so that for a week past I have been affraid to hear a rap at the door least it should be a dun.\n          Remember me to Mrs Washington most affectionatly. I respect & Love that good Lady you have never said a word about Fr\u00e8ire & his Lady. I presume you have exchangd visits.\n          I have been reading Mores 2d volm Journal, and what surprizes me is, that when Robertspears Character was so justly appreaciated & his views suspected, that he was able to gain such an assendency, & to rule so despotically for two years after the death of the King\u2014 a Man who appeard so unpopular as he was in the convention\u2014it must have been oweing to the assendency of the Jacobines & the Mountain.\n          The spirit of Faction has received a wound, happy would it be for America if it was a Fatal one. The Presidents frown, the Senates supporting him and, the spirit of the people in marching against the insurgents all has conspired to Stiffle the Flame, even the Chronical can barely find fuel\n          adieu I am with the tenderest affection / ever Yours\u2014\n            Abigail Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0205", "content": "Title: John Adams to Charles Adams, 24 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Charles\n            Dear Charley\n            Philadelphia Decr 24. 1794\n          Our Patriots are so anxious lest Aristocracy should take root, that I wonder they do not eradicate all the seeds of it. instead of Addressing Mr Speaker, they should address Freddy Mulenbourg\u2014 instead of talking of the Gentleman from Virginia they should quote Billy Giles &c &c &c\n          The Purity of this Symplicity has always appeared among Insurgents. In Chaises and Bradfords Patriotick Efforts I dare say that Gaffer and Gammar, Mr and Mrs were laid aside.\n          There is an historical Poem or Chronicle of the Insurrection in the Reign of Richard the Second, written by Sir John Gower, in which this delicious Naivete, this beautiful Simplicity is perfectly preserved. The Title of the Poem is Vox clamantis.\n          The following Catalogue of the Leaders of the Insurgents is inimitable, but it ought as far as possible to be imitated, by our modern Insurgents.\n            Watte vocat, cui Thome venit, neque Symme retardat,\n            Bitteque, Gibbe, Simul Hykke, venire jubent.\n            Colle furit, quem Gibbe juvat nocumenta parantes,\n            Cum quibus ad damnum Wille coire vovit.\n            Grippe rapit, dum Daive Strepit, comes est quibus Hobbe\n            Lorkin, et in medio non minor esse putat.\n            Hudde ferit quos Judde terit, dum Tibbe juvatur\n            Jakke domos que viros vellit, et ense necat &c &c.\n          When this or something like it, Shall be adopted as a Model for the Debates of our Legislators, We may hope that We shall be out of Danger of Titles and Aristocracy.\n          This must be quite a Secret between you and me: but I will laugh a little with my Children at least, at the Follies of the Times.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0206", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 25 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n            Phila. Christmas Day 1794\n          This being one of the pleasant Days of the Week, Thursday the Post brought me your kind Letter of the 16th.\u2014 The News of The Alfred was written me the Day or next Morning of its Arrival in Boston by our ever kind and attentive friends Dr Welch and Mr Smith, and I should have instantly written it to you, with great Joy if I had not known, that you must have had it, much sooner than I from the Same Sources. Although there is a feeling of Disappointment, accompanies the Intelligence, arising from not having any direct Account of our sons, yet the high probability of the Safe Arrival of the ship, is a great Consolation. I congratulate you upon it, with cordial Sympathy, and join with you most Sincerely in your devout Ejaculation for the health & safety of our sons.\n          The Case mentioned in Brislers Letter contains the Marble Medallion as brittle as it is elegant.\n          The Weather is as beautiful, as mild, soft clear and wholesome as can be imagined: but We had lately a North East Wind and Rain, which I hope has thrown up, on the shores of Quincy a fresh supply of Seaweed. I want to have the mowing ground opposite to Pennimans and Hardwicks upon Pens hill covered with it, if possible\n          I am delighted with the Activity and Energy with which the affairs of the farm have been conducted, since I left you\u2014 a few years of Such Exertions will make the Place productive of most of the Necessaries of Life for Us and I hope We shall be indulged with the quiet Enjoyment of it for as many Years as We can be useful to our Country our Friends or ourselves.\n          I have been to Church at Dr Ewings and heard a good sermon. Mrs Otis & Mrs Betcy are well.\n          The News of my Mothers Health and Activity is in a high degree delightful to me\u2014 My Duty to her\n          inclosed is a Book, a present for Louisa. a pretty Book it is.\u2014 a good Book.\u2014 I have very little fault to find with it, of any kind. His opinion of Grecian Taste in Arts & Literature are so exactly like my own, that he makes me regret, deeply regret, that the Avocations of my Life, have not permitted me, to pursue it with So much Attention as I always desired: but still more than I have not had Opportunity to impress it upon my sons, as I ought. They have better Opportunities and Means than I had.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0208", "content": "Title: Abigail Adams to John Adams, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, Abigail\nTo: Adams, John\n            my Dearest Friend\n            Quincy December 26 1794\n          I fear you will think me tardy in not acknowledging sooner the Receipt of your Letter of the 11th with the order upon the Bank for 600 dollors, but tho I sent to the post office & wrote to mr Hastings, I was told that the Post had brought no Letters for me. Since the establishment of a Post office in Quincy the Letters are sorted & put up for each office, so that a Letter comeing in of a Wednesday, I cannot get till thursday Noon, which makes it impossible for me to reply or answer till the next Mondays post which is the reason you some times miss of a Letter when you expect one. for be assured however barren my letters are, nothing Short of a sickness confineing me to my Bed & the loss of my Hands will prevent me writing once a week to you; the Letter you mention brought by the Presidents Servant, must as sometimes used to happen have been by mistake, taken for the President;\n          I enjoy at present as much Health as usual; having done Pennance for a Month. I did not however suffer so severely as in times past. I was first seiazd upon my Lungs with a Hoarsness a cough, & fever followd; all my complaints are of an inflamitory kind. I got better, and went below stairs was attackd with the intermitting & confind a fortnight longer\u2014yet I did not omit writing you; tho I would not make you uneasy by letting you know that I was sick\u2014 I think I feel better now than I have done through the fall or winter, and have been less troubled with the pain in my Head. I do not like to hear you complain so much of Lowness of spirits. a Cheerfull Heart doth good like a Medicine Zimerman may prate about the blessings of solitude, but Man was not made to be alone; I must say to you, as Lord Lyttleton wrote to his Father, \u201csuffer not a depression of spirits to rob you of that pleasing hope which both Supports & nourishes. think less of those circumstances which disquiet you,\u201d and rejoice in those which ought to gladden you consider the reputation you have acquired, the Glorious reputation of integrity. Imagine that your Posterity will look upon it, as the Noblest fortune you can leave them, and that your Childrens, Children will be incited to virtue by your example. Here I will transcribe the overflowings of a gratefull, Heart from a letter this Moment received. \u201cWhen did You hear from my dear Brother Adams\u2014Patron of his Country & Friend of the Fatherless. how was his great soul moved, tenderly\nSympathizing with his poor Bereaved Sister. his compassionate looks made an indeliable impression upon my mind. Pilgrimages are out of date, or I could go Barefoot to Mecca, or any where else, to honour him. he did not satisfy himself with ineffectual wishes, of \u2018Be ye warme\u2019d, & be ye cloathed[\u2019] but was kindly relieved my mind by assisting me with means to Educate william. when I reflect upon this instance of his Pity & Generosity and of the kindness of my other Friends, I cannot find words to express the gratefull Sense I have of their favours.\u201d\n          Your Letters of December the 14th and 16 came by the post of the 24th together with the Book and pamphlet, but I have not received a News paper since the 8 of December\u2014I know not the reason. if Congress have so little buisness upon their Hands, I hope they will do it in season & do it well. is there no pleasure but in troubled waters? Mr osgoods sermon has run through two Editions, and the Printer says he never had such a demand for a sermon in his Life. the Chronical writers attack it, but mr osgood will not notice any one who does not Sign their real Name. I was mistaken in my Idea respecting the Poem call\u2019d the Jacobiniade. it is upon the same plan, but not half so keen or severe. the second Number convinced me of my mistake.\n          I shall purchase the pew\u2014 I had not taken any money of Genll Lincoln. I was to have it on saturday, but I have informd him that I have no occasion for it. I am sorry to say that I shall be obliged to purchase Hay for the Horses\u2014 the Calender of the week past may be comprizd in carting sea weed & spreading it. I have had the peice of ground next mr Bass oposite your Brothers coverd this week, but tis slow work to cart it so far as the other place\u2014and two loads is the most which they can accomplish tho the weather is the finest I ever knew in December. our people are constantly Employd. I will say to you in my next Something respecting the Medallion. when you wrote me of a Medallion in Marble, I thought it had been of the size of a Crown peice Such as I have seen abroad.\n          I long to hear from our dear Children but my Heart was several pounds lighter when I heard the vessel was safe arrived. the Baron I see by the papers is no more Charles has lost a valuable Friend, and will be a sincere mourner for him\u2014\n          Mr Cranch desires me to thank you for your kind attention to his Son. our Friends are all well. Your Mother is as well as I have known her for several winters\u2014 my Love to Mrs otis, & cousin Betsy\nI think often of mrs Smith & mrs otis & hope to learn agreable tydings from each of them\n          Mr & Mrs Storer mr & Mrs Smith the Dr & mrs Welch & old Aunt Edwards made up a party the day before Christmass and dinned with me. Aunt Edwards says she shall not forget the May day in december the middle of the next Century. the Rose Bush under the window is leaving out, the bunches of clover are quite as lively as may, & the Grass is changed. adieu julia is as cheerly and as playfull as ever, but will not sit or lye upon the settee\u2014\n          I am with every Sentiment of the tenderest affection ever yours\n            Abigail Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0209", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 28 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia. Decr. 28. 1794\n          I went on Fryday night with Mr Storer to the Drawing Room, where the Warmth of the Weather increased by a great fire and a Croud of good Company, gave me one of my annual great Colds. The Same Evening the large Lutheran Church in our old\nNeighbourhood took fire and was burnt down. The next morning Mrs Otis was brought to bed and the Mother and the Daughter are very well.\n          So much for News good and bad.\n          The Weather continues very moderate: but the old Adage a green Chrismas makes a growing Church Yard, or a fat Church Yard as the various readings have it, is a damper to its Pleasures. Our Country is not yet sufficiently drained, for these warm Winters. Cold Weather is necessary to confine, or kill the putrid deleterious vapours, which Arise from uncultivated forests and undrained Marshes.\n          Parson Osgoods Sermon makes a great Noise here.\u2014 What Says The Governor to his Share of the Whipping?\n          The Clergy of New England have trumpetted Paine and Robespierre, till they begin to tremble for the Consequences of their own Imprudence. Did Mr Wibirt in complaisance to the Proclamation omit the national Government?\n          Old Men Say that time flys faster and faster every year. if I concur in this Observation it must be when I am at Quincy. Here my moments are long and slow. I read my Eyes out, and cant read half enough neither.\u2014 The more one reads the more one sees We have to read\u2014\n          An horrid Journey of 3 or 400 miles, before I can get home lies before me like a mountain.\n          Charles has lost his Friend Steuben\u2014 I have written to him a great many Letters: but I can get only a line in Answer. At one time he says he has a Witlow on his Finger at another he is very busy. This is good news. I have invited him to come and Spend a Week with me in January if his Business will allow.\n          I have bought the Tryals of the Scotch Jacobins, and sent them to him as Presents. They are in the Way of his Profession and will be both Entertainment and Information to him. Self Created societies in Switzerland, England & Scotland, dont come off with a gentle rap over the knuckles in a Speech or a sermon: but they promote their Members to the Cord or to Botany Bay, to Banishment Transportation or Death.\n          The Mildness of our Government is a pleasing delightful Characteristic: and although it will probably give Encouragement to some Disorders, and even some daring Crimes, it is too prescious to be relinquished without an Absolute Necessity.\n          Have my Mother with you as often as possible and tell her I hope to see her again in two months", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0210", "content": "Title: Charles Adams to John Adams, 30 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, Charles\nTo: Adams, John\n          I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letters accompanying the trials of Gerrald Muir and Margarot. I am perfectly of your opinion that Gerrald\u2019s is worth all the rest, his defence is able eloquent and pathetic. Muir also discovers marks of a great mind Posterity will give very little praise to the independence or candour of Scotch Judges. In a former letter you ask why I suppose Mr Jay less a Livingston than Hamilton a Schuyler. I beleive you could answer that question much more satisfactorily than myself. Whatever influence the agrandizement of one\u2019s family may have on men yet it would be looking too much on the dark side of the picture of human nature to suppose that every man would give up honest principles to attain their objects. Mr Jay is an object of envy to the Livingstons he is an outcast from the family a circumstance which as much as any other raises him in my opinion I should acquiesce in the Government of Mr Hamilton Yet I do not think it derogatory to his character to say I prefer Mr Jay.\n          Governor Clinton Colo Burr Pierpont Edwards and others hold meetings in which not only business of election is transacted but also matters which concern their private interests. Clinton is the channel through which all applications are made to the land office for the purchase of the very valuable lands belonging to the State. McComb purchased four millions of acres some few years since at a very triffling rate. The late disclosure of his affairs did not disclose who were his copartners there was a certain share not inconsiderable for which an owner could not be found. It has been proved that much greater offers were made for this tract of land than McComb gave. People reason in this way Gov Clinton when he came to the\nChair was worth nothing. He now owns lands in every part of the State. How does it happen? Mr Burr preys like a vulture upon the pockets of his Clients; in his family he knows no bounds to profusion. Mr Burr has lately made a large purchase of lands. More than one person have expressed ideas to me which this line from Juvenal will convey. \u201cConsumtis opibus, vocem Damasippe locasti.\u201d I beleive notwithstanding the great virtue of Americans that French gold has and may yet do much harm\u2014\n          You may well suppose that I write in confidence Such suggestions are not to be published to the world without proof. When however we hear such insinuations we are naturally lead to enquire into the possibility and practability of things of this nature.\n          With sincere affection I am your son\n            Charles Adams\n            I shall consider of your proposal of visiting Philadelphia", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/04-10-02-0211", "content": "Title: John Adams to Abigail Adams, 30 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Adams, Abigail\n            My Dearest Friend\n            Philadelphia Decr 30. 1794\n          Your favr of 24th marked by the Post office 22d of Decr. I recd. Yesterday.\n          Mr Osgoods sermon was plenty here\u2014 I recd one from Boston before.\u2014 The Clergy I think ought to pray for the national Government.\u2014 If our Dissenting Ministers will not at Quincy I will go to Church, where a form is prescribed by Authority which even Mr Cleverly complies with.\n          Within a Day or two after your last I presume you recd an order for 600, which will enable you to repay what you have borrowed.\n          Mrs Washington Mrs Cabot & Mr Cabot desire me to send you their Regards &c.\n          Not one Word about the Farm in this last Letter, a fatal omission\u2014 Tell Joy I expect hope to see my Cattle fat, though he works them hard.\u2014\n          Now come great Things. Knox is to go out tomorrow. He insists\non beginning the Year 1795 a freeman. He told me Yesterday, he had been 20 Years (next April) in service. that if he should die, tomorrow his Wife & Children would not have enough to live on two Years\u2014 That he had not above ten Years to live\u2014 that he had the means at the Eastward of making Something and that it was his Duty to do it.\n          This Man is capable of flattering himself with hopes that to others appear Chimerical\u2014 He is capable of thinking himself popular enough in Massachusetts to be chosen Governor at the first Vacancy\u2014 But I suspect he cherishes another hope, that is of being Governor of Maine\u2014 These however are hints between you and me, & to go no farther.\n          Another Gentleman Yesterday let me read in his Heart without suspecting it\u2014 Mr Cabot told me, he thought he should not come again to senate\u2014 Mrs Cabot was averse to coming this time. He had Difficulty to persuade her\u2014 He thought she would not come again and if she declined he would not come without her. You know my Opinion of the Motive of his removal to Brooklyne. His Resignation will be in pursuance of the Same Views. But I cannot help thinking he will be disappointed. I know of no Man, who would make a better Governor, at least among all those who are likely to obtain the Place\u2014 But his services have not been known enough to the People to sink into their hearts. His fortune is not Splendid enough to dazzle: and he is not at the head of any interested Bank or Company whose Exertions can bring him in.\u2014 I pitty these ambitious Men! By joining with Gill he might be chosen Lt. Govr for wt I know.\n          But the Man the most to be pitied is the President. With his Exertions, Anxieties Responsibilities for twenty Years without fee or reward or Children to enjoy his Renown to be the Butt of the Insolence of Genets and Clubbs is a Tryal too great for human Nature to be exposed to\u2014 Like The Starling he cant get out of his Cage but Knox says and I believe it, he is Sick very sick in it\u2014 I could tell you a great deal more but this must be reserved for a T\u00eate a T\u00eate.\u2014\n          Dont forget the farm next time", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1497", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Thomas Welsh, 6 January 1794\nFrom: Welsh, Thomas\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nBoston Jany 6. 1794\nThis will be delivered by Dr. Appleton who has been my particular Friend ever since we were fellow Students at the University; I shall feel myself greatly obliged if you will be so good as to introduce him to the President.\nThe Doctor is able to give you Information of the State of Things here, of the Impression which the Accounts of the Peace procured for the Portuguese made upon the Merchants here; of the State of Electioneering for Governor; of the Zeal, Industry, and Progress of the Democratic Club. &c.\u2014\nColumbus you perceive has been clumsily and feebly I may say hypocritically assailed by Sullivan under the Signature of Americanus. Barnaveld, however has sallyed forth and with trusty weapons is making mortal Thrusts into the Vitals of his Adversary. The old Patriot remains as motionless as a statue he has never acted upon Dannery\u2019s Application.\nMr. Welsh and I were at Quincy last Friday being the 3 Jnry. Mrs Adams is very well. I think I have not seen her Countenance more healthy for three or four Years. my Daughter Charlotte is with her on a Visit.\nI am Sr. with great Respect your Humble sr.\nThomas Welsh", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1498", "content": "Title: To John Adams from George Washington, 8 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir,\nWednesday 8th. Jany. 1794.\nI would thank you for giving the papers herewith sent a perusal\u2014and for the result of it.\u2014\nI am now deliberating on the measure proper & necessary to be taken with respect to Mr. G\u2014\u2014t and wish for aid in so doing; the critical state of things making me more than usually anxious to decide right in the present case.\u2014\nNone but the heads of departments are privy to these papers, which I pray may be returned this evening or in the morning\nWith very sincere esteem & regard I am always / Your obedt. & affecte Servant\nGo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1501", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Andr\u00e9 Jean La Rocque, 17 January 1794\nFrom: Rocque, Andr\u00e9 Jean La\nTo: Adams, John\n\t\t\t\t\tMonsieur\n\t\t\t\t\tPhiladelphie ce 17 Janvier 1794.\n\t\t\t\tpar La derniere Lettre que j\u2019ai eu l\u2019honneur de Vous ecrire de New-York, je Vous annoncois des travaux qui Seroient dignes de Votre attention, parce qu\u2019ils interessent la prosperit\u00e9 de Votre pays. ils consistent dans La  petition cy jointe, et dans le m\u00e9moire qui accompagne cette petition; il en est le Soutien par La S\u00e9rie des principes, que j\u2019y ai fait entrer. Leur V\u00e9rit\u00e9 ne peut point \u00eatre contest\u00e9e. Leurs bons effets ne peuvent pas L\u2019\u00eatre d\u2019avantage. mais, une personne, \u00e0 la quelle, j\u2019ai communiqu\u00e9 ce travail, et qui d\u00e9sire dans Son pays lintroduction de toutes les lois capables d\u2019en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la prosperit\u00e9, me disoit, il ya un moment, que l\u2019int\u00e9ret priv\u00e9 des membres de la chambre des Communes Seroit un obstacle au Succ\u00e8s de cette p\u00e9tition. Je suis persuad\u00e9 qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019objet d\u2019utilit\u00e9 publique, qui ne puisse \u00eatre obtenu d\u2019une assembl\u00e9e, Selon la maniere de le presenter; et j\u2019envois une qui ne pouroit pas \u00eatre rejet\u00e9e en la prenant pour cette petition. en cons\u00e9quence, je vous Serai infiniment oblig\u00e9, Monsieur, de vouloir bien examiner, Sous le Seul rapport de L\u2019int\u00e9ret public, cette petition et particulierment les principes du m\u00e9moire.  Si vous reconnoissez que leur adoption puisse acc\u00e9lerer la prosperit\u00e9 de Votre pays; il ne faudra plus que changer la requete, et faire, dans les membres de la chambre des Communes un choix d\u2019hommes  Z\u00e9les pour la chose publique, et qui feroient Valoir les principes, contre les objections de L\u2019interet priv\u00e9. ce Seroit alors encore un objet \u00e1 communiquer \u00e1 Mr hamilton, comme relatif \u00e0 Son d\u00e9partement. Je Vais toujours refaire les conclusions, de maniere qu\u2019elles ne puissent pas etre rejett\u00e9es, et que les europ\u00e9ens y trouvent egalement leur S\u00fbret\u00e8.Je Suis avec respect / Monsieur / Votre tres humble / et tres obeissant Serviteur\n\t\t\t\t\tLa Rocque", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1502", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Andr\u00e9 Jean La Rocque, 18 January 1794\nFrom: Rocque, Andr\u00e9 Jean La\nTo: Adams, John\n\t\t\t\t\tMonsieur\n\t\t\t\tje commencerai ma lettre en vous priant de pardonner mes importunit\u00e9s. je sais combien Vos momens sont precieux \u00e0 la chose publique; et je me reprocherois d\u2019en d\u00e9rober un seul, si l\u2019objet pour lequel je sollicite Votre attention, ne paroissoit point interesser la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 des \u00e9tats. cy joint est la requete que j\u2019ai refaite. ses conclusions sont reduites \u00e0 un point unique, et tellement motiv\u00e9 quil me sembleroit difficile qu\u2019il ne fut point accord\u00e9. la bonne foi du congr\u00e8s y est interess\u00e9e, quand il n\u2019y est plus question que des acquisitions, \u00e0 faire ou deja faites avec la permission de l\u2019etat dans l\u2019etendue duquel les terres sont situ\u00e9es. on m\u2019a assur\u00e9 a New-york, que les Principes du m\u00e9moire etoient ceux de Mr. hamilton et que ce seroit entrer dans ses vues que de disposer les esprits \u00e0 les recevoir, par une discussion capable d\u2019en montrer la solidit\u00e9. j aurai l\u2019honneur de Vous voir pour conferer de cet objet et recueillir Vos avis.je suis avec Respect / Monsieur / Votre tres humble / et tres ob\u00e9issant serviteur\n\t\t\t\t\tLa Rocque", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1503", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Elie Vallette, 21 January 1794\nFrom: Vallette, Elie\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nRevenue Office Philadelphia Januy 21. 1794.\nFor my Situation in this Office at 300 Dollars p Annum, Mr: Coxe has informed me I am indebted to you.  My Respect and Veneration for you Sir needed not this Claim upon my Gratitude to be riveted. To Express simply my thanks for the Honor you have done me, in representing me as you have, and as I will endeavour to deserve, goes not half so far towards an acknowledgment as I would; But I am Bankrupt in all save Gratitude, with which I beg you to be content being all the Poor reward I can make.  There is another, but like the Benefit it must spring from yourself Sir, one I flatter myself you will enjoy, \u2019tis that which will arise from the reflection of having done a Generous Action\u2014of having cased the Breast of a fond Mother, Comforted a no less tender Wife, and opened pleasing Prospects to the View of a Husband & father.\nI have the Honor to be / Sir / With the Greatest Respect / Your most Ob Servt.\nElie Vallette", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1505", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Timothy Dwight, 24 January 1794\nFrom: Dwight, Timothy\nTo: Adams, John\nSir,\nGreenfield (in Connecticut) Jany 24th 1794.\n I have been some time employed in writing a poem, entitled Greenfield Hill; of a rural character; in a degree descriptive; but principally didactic. In it, beside several other subjects, are treated the subjects of slavery, war, the state of society public & private, in New England, the education of children, religion, \u0153conomy of private life, & the policy of this country. It is written, in seven parts; connected by the situation, in which the writer is supposed to stand\u2014on the beautiful eminence, which gives the poem it\u2019s name. The parts are stiled\u2014The Prospect;The Flourishing Village;The Burning of Innfield;The Destruction of the Pequods;The Clergymans advice to the Villagers;The Farmor\u2019s advice to the Villagers; & The Vision; or Prospect of the future state of this country. This poem, sir, it is my wish to inscribe to you; should the proposal meet with your approbation.If you think it proper, sir, you may obtain a general character of the work, by enquiring of Mr Woolcot, the Comptroller of the public Treasury, who has read it.Allow me to observe, sir, though perhaps the observation is scarcely necessary, that I am induced to request this favour, merely from a wish to bear publicly my own little testimony of respect to a Character, to which I view America at large, & myself in particular, as under peculiar obligations. Allow me also to subscribe myself, with sentiments of the highest respect, sir, your very / obedient, / & most humble servant,\n\t\t\t\t\tTimothy Dwight.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1506", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Joseph Bloomfield, 27 January 1794\nFrom: Bloomfield, Joseph\nTo: Adams, John\nPhiladelphia January 27th: 1794.\nAgreably to an Order of the Convention of Delegates, from the Abolition Societys formed in the United States: I do myself the honor, of transmitting to You, Sir, the enclosed Memorial and Petition; and request the same, may be laid before the honorable the Senate of the United States.\nI cannot add to the respect with which, I am, / Your obedient Servant\nJoseph Bloomfield.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1507", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Edmund Randolph, 28 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Adams, John\nSir:\nDepartment of State, January 28, 1794.\nI do myself the honor of transmitting to the Senate, the translation of the French act of navigation. It has been executed by the best hand which could be procured; but it is possible, that the novelty of the subject, and certain technical phrases, may have produced inaccuracies.\nI have the honor to be, &c.\nEdmund Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1508", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Fran\u00e7ois Adriaan Van der Kemp, 1 February 1794\nFrom: Van der Kemp, Fran\u00e7ois Adriaan\nTo: Adams, John\nSir!\nKingston 1 Febr. 1794\nI hope not, that I shall be importune in writing again; it is my anxious concern for America\u2019s prosperity which prompts me to it\u2014though I flatter myself, that the wisdom and Integrit\u00ff of the majority of Both houses ma\u00ff preserve us be the blessings of Peace, however I cannot set aside a Suspicion, that too man\u00ff are entangled b\u00ff the intrigues of European Emissaries, whose boasted love for the preservation of our Liberties and Independence conceals for them their unrelented endeavours to throw us into that abyss of confusion, in which the\u00ff are plunged\u2014\nThe Report of Citisen Genet\u2014of the capture of Faclon, with that of the Duke of Yorke with his arm\u00ff, either it is fictitious or true, seems to be calculated to cover with oblivion the murder of the late queen, and show to the ignorant and craft\u00ff Party-men, a fair opportunity, b\u00ff the victory of the French, and the entire defeat of the combined Powers, to attack or declare war to Great-Brittain.\nThis morning I was informed that indeed such a motion was made in the house of Representatives and only negtivd by a majority of two votes. I should not be sorr\u00ff for what had happened, if there is no ground of suspicion that it shall be renewed, if the majority will persevere, and some of the minorit\u00ff return from those precipitate measures, there this motion ma\u00ff entreaten the Brittish Court, in giving up our Western ports, and refraining the licentiousness of their cruisers and Privateers\u2014\nA certain Virginian\u2019s members motion with regard to our commerce with foreign nations laid perhaps the bridge for this hostile excursion, in which Major Gresbeck, as I heard, took no part\u2014I credit him for it, either it be that his heart or his judgment had directed him\u2014because a war\u2014and \u2014with GreatBrittain, should Shakle in m\u00ff opinion our Republick\u2014\nI am told too, that Genet is recalld\u2014hail to his departure\u2014happ\u00ff America, if no part of his Spirit may be left upon an\u00ff American, this last trick\u2014I hope ma\u00ff be that of agonising despair; France shall not subsist, if the\u00ff can not agree to write their endeavours for a good constitution\u2014there I shall not be surprised at all, that few months more, if they persevere will create there a perfect Oligarch\u00ff\u2014which shall be permanent, perhaps, as long as they are supported by the arm\u00ff, as long as they can provide this with Spoil, and the Parisiens with Spatules and bread.\nMa\u00ff I hasard an Idea, which perhaps by your Excellency, shall be deemed incongruous, but deemed excusable, there I am remoted from all Political discoveries\u2014Should it not be an proper expedient, to give a turn to some unruly citisens, and extricate us for a time from the most urgent perplexities if Congress resolved to offer France and the Combin\u2019d Powers the mediation of the United States\u2014on basis of the Constitution of 1789\u2014with such amend-ments\u2014as b\u00ff the French Nation, convoqued in their primar\u00ff assemblies, ma\u00ff be proposed.  I do not flatter m\u00ff with an\u00ff success\u2014but we would gain in time\u2014and the affairs of Europe may considerably changed in the course of a year\u2014\nPermit me, that I assure you of m\u00ff best wishes for your Prosperity and health, and it will afford me a sensible pleasure, to be with the highest consideration and Esteem / Sir! / Your Excellency\u2019s most obedient and / humble Servant!\nFr Adr. vanderkemp", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1509", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Rev. Manasseh Cutler, 5 February 1794\nFrom: Cutler, Rev. Manasseh\nTo: Adams, John\nSir,\nHamilton (lately a part of Ipswich) Feby. 5th. 1794\u2014\nThe paper you was pleased to communicate to the American Academy, from Mr. Taylor, describing a new species of wheat, was received with much pleasure.  From his account of its ripening so much earlier than the common wheat, it appears highly probable it might be raised in this part of the country, where, at present, we raise no wheat at all. If it would succeed, it must, undoubtedly, prove a great acquisition to us. A number of Gentlemen of the Academy, in different parts of the Commonwealth, wish to make the experiment, but the difficulty is to obtain the seed.  We much regret that Mr. Taylor did not mention where it might be purchased in Virginia, with certainty of its being of the right kind.  If he would be so obliging as to inform us where it may be bought, or how we may obtain, at least, a small quantity, it would be considered as a particular favour.  Or, if he could, without inconvenience to himself, request some person in Virginia to ship a few bushels for Boston, addressed to Doctr Aaron Dexter, it would be considered as a still greater favour; and the Doctr. will instantly pay every expence that may attend the purchase & conveyance to him.  I should be much gratified by obtaing only half a dozen kernels, which might be conveniently enclosed in a letter, as I feel anxious to make the experiment.\nMr. Taylor has not told us from whence the wheat came, from which the man purchased his seed containing the single kernel of this kind of wheat.  Was it imported seed? or was it raised in some other part of the Continent?\u2014Nor has he informed us whether it be winter or spring grain, nor in what month it was sown in Virginia. It would be a satisfaction to know the months & days in the months on which it has been sown, as it might afford some direction to us in making the experiment.\nI have presumed to trouble you, Sir, with this letter, and to solicit the favour of your mentioning the matter to Mr. Taylor, at the particular request of Dr. Dexter, Col Baldin, Mr. Davis of Plymouth, &c  some other Members of the Academy, who are very desirous, as well as my self, to make the experiment. Beg you to excuse the liberty I have taken, and permit me to subscribe myself\nWith sentiments of the highest respect / Sir, / Your most obedient / humble Servt\nM Cutler", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1510", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Joseph Priestley, 5 February 1794\nFrom: Priestley, Joseph\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir,\nClapton Feby. 5. 1794.\nI take the liberty to introduce to you Mr Henrey Wansey, a person of the most respectable character and connexions among the Dissenters. He is also a man of considerable property, and a principal manufacturer, and wishes to establish himself in America. Any information, or assistance, that you can give him, I am confident you will not withhold.\nMy Sons being now with you, I am at length come to a resolution to cross the Atlantic myself; and if you be at all informed of the state of things here, you will not wonder at it, as great an admirer as you are of our constitution. Besides giving up about three hundred a year, I do assure you that, on several other accounts, I take this step with great reluctance. My present situation is greatly to my wish, I have replaced my library and apparatus, at least in a great measure, and have just begun to resume my favourite pursuits, with such advantages, as I know I cannot have with you. Also at my time of life, I cannot expect to find any substitute for the connections I leave here, and all my habits are wholly English.\nI propose to come in the April packet, the American vessells being Subject to capture by the Algerenes, who, I fear, are encouraged by our court.\nHoping to have the pleasure of seeing you soon, I am, / Dear Sir, yours sincerely\nJ Priestly", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1511", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Alexander Hamilton, 6 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nTreasury Department February 6th. 1794\nHaving made the necessary examination into the means possessed by the Treasury for complying with a late order of the Senate and of the time which would be requisite for preparing them, I have the honor now to communicate the result\u2014\nSeveral Custom-house returns of Exports amounting to a large sum having been rendered for a term longer than a quarter; it is found impossible to make up that return for the twelve months, directed by the Senate in the first paragraph. A Statement, however for one year differing therefrom only in one quarter is nearly matured. It can be completed in a few days, after the receipt of a quarterly return for the port of Philadelphia, the Custom-house business of which was exceedingly deranged by the late malady\u2014\nThe detailed statement of Imports for the year ending on the 30th day of June 1792 required by the second paragraph, can be made up in about two months, by suspending the formation of that for the Year ending with September 1792, which in the course of the Treasury-business was in preparation, and would have been completed in a few days. This will require eight extra Clerks for two months, and will produce an additional expence of about 600 or 700 dollars\u2014\nThe detailed statement of Imports for the year ending on the 30th. of June last also required by the second paragraph, cannot be made up at present, for want of the Returns from the Custom-houses\u2014\nThe returns of Tonnage in the old form will exhibit what is acquired by the third paragraph and can be made out in the proper office in a short time\u2014The two sets of returns of Tonnage required by the fourth paragraph, can be made out in about six weeks after the preceding documents shall be compleated; or they can be matured at the same time by employing four more extra Clerks at an expence of about 250 dollars\u2014\nThe Senate will perceive from this the state of the business and will judge whether it is expedient to pursue it in the form contemplated by the order. Such of the matters required as can go on without additional expence or the derangement of what is already on hand are in train. And if no revocation of the order is speedily received the other objects as far as they are practicable will be also prosecuted\u2013\nBut I feel it a duty to use the liberty of taking the present occasion to remark, that it is extremely to be desired that the two houses of the Legislature could fix upon a plan for regulating the returns which they would choose to have made to them periodically from the Treasury, that the business might be prosecuted in conformity to that plan. Congress would then have the information, which they may deem useful, and the Treasury could be prepared systematically to furnish it; without any derangement of the current course of its operation; and without an unnecessary increase of expence. Occasional & desultory calls frequently made for returns and statements, which involve complicated and elaborate investigations and much clerkship, interfere more materially with the regular conducting of the public business, than can easily be imagined, except by those who have the progress of it immediately under their eye.\u2014They oblige the principal officers, and the most expert Clerks, to transfer so much of their attention from the ordinary and indispensable operations of the Department, as must render it impossible, (if the practice should continue in the same degree in which it has for some time existed) for the Officers, of the Department to be responsible for the orderly, punctual and efficacious execution of its primary & most essential objects.\u2014This conclusion has so pressed itself upon me from experience that I have thought it incumbent upon me to submit these reflections to the consideration of the Senate.\nWith perfect respect I have the honor / to be / Sir / Your most Obedient / & humble servant\nAlexander HamiltonSecy Of the Treasy", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1516", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Fran\u00e7ois Adriaan Van der Kemp, 24 February 1794\nFrom: Van der Kemp, Fran\u00e7ois Adriaan\nTo: Adams, John\nSir!\nKingston. 24 Febr. 1794.\nInformed by the Resolution of the House of Representatives that our Government intends to arm Six frigates, I find me Self obliged, to make your Excellency acquainted with a worth\u00ff American, to whom, if known, perhaps ma\u00ff be adjudged the command of one of them. at least\u2014He will come in consideration if an excellent character, a prudent and manl\u00ff behaviour, experience in the art of navigation and cool intrepidity can entitle Him to it.  His name is Capt. Benj. Weeks.  In the American War, he commanded a Privateer\u2014after the peace he was continually, employ\u2019d by Mr. John Ross & Co and we crossed with Him the Atlantic in the Frigat L\u2019Henriette\u2014he lives in Philadelphia, and the mercantile house of Ross in that city  Shall provide Him with more favourable testimonies if the\u00ff are required.  A warm wish for America\u2019s glor\u00ff\u2014a conviction of your Excellency\u2019s powerfull influence, and the knowledge of your Excellency\u2019s principles must justif\u00ff these lines.\nPermit me to assure your Excellenc\u00ff, that I am with Sentiments of the highest consideration and respect / Sir! / Your Excellency\u2019s most obedt. / humble Servant\nFr. Adr. van der Kemp\nP.S. Captn. Weeks is not acquainted with my intercession\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1517", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Thomas Seymour, 26 February 1794\nFrom: Seymour, Thomas\nTo: Adams, John\nHonble Sir\nHartford Feby 26th. 1794\nFrom the short personal acquaintance with you when here in Nov. 1792, have ventured to request your attention, if consistent, & it shou\u2019d come before Senate, to my very unfortunate son Wm. Seymours application to Congress for relief in the total loss of his leg, above the knee, at the Storm made by the Brittish Troops upon Fort Griswold on the 6th. of Sepr 1781\u2014The House of Representatives, at their last Session, appointed a Comtee. who reported favorably, but have not yet acted upon it\u2014My Honble Friends Mesrs Ellsworth & Wadsworth, to whom beg leave to refer you, are fully informed of his Case, & have the papers & documents, which hope will appear satisfactory\nI have the Honor to be, with / very great esteem & Regard / Sir /  Obt Hble Servt\nThos Seymour", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1520", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Henry Petty, Earl Wycombe, 1 March 1794\nFrom: Wycombe, John Henry Petty, Earl\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nLondon. March 1. 1794.\nI trust you will excuse the liberty I take in introducing to your acquaintance Mr. Talleyrand de Perigord who is preparing to seek an asylum in America. As you are no doubt acquainted with his family and with the distinguished part he acted in the Constituent Assembly of France, it is unnecessary for me to say more than that he has received an order to quit this country in consequence of a power vested in Ministers by the then Bill passed last sessions. This bill has been made in a variety of instances subservient to purposes of private pique, and of unmerited persecution; I believe in no one case more clearly so than in that of Mr. de Talleyrand who is required to depart not upon account of any conduct imputed to him here, but at the instigation of a foreign court. He will I am well convinced meet with a more liberal reception in the United States than he has experienced here with every claim to attention which high birth, uncommon talents, and accomplished manners can bestow. He is accompanied by Mr. Beanmitz likewise a distinguished member of the Constituent Assembly, whom I also beg leave to reccommend to your notice. It is unnecessary for me to say how ready I shall at all times be to recieve your commands on any similar occasion or how truly I am / Dear Sir / Your Obedient & Obliged Humble Servant\nWycombe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1521", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Stockdale, 3 March 1794\nFrom: Stockdale, John\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nPiccadilly, London March 3rd. 1794\nI received your favour, and return you my sincere thanks for your condescention in complying with my request: the work is now published, and I hope it will answer my purpose, but of this I cannot be certain, but whether it does or not, I am equally obliged to you. War hurts my business much, and prevented me printing it in 4to.\u2014\nWith this, you will receive a Copy of which I beg your acceptance. the portrait is engraved by one of our first Artists; it pleases much many of your friends, as it is a most excellent likeness & well executed.\u2014\nI was much pleased with your opinion relating to France, and so were several of our great Men, to whom I in confidence, shewed that part of your letter: the political opinions of great and leading Men in all countries are very acceptable: the leading men in this, as well as yours, I am convinced mean well, though there are some very bad ones on both sides the Atlantic, and who would rejoice to see us at War again; but I trust & hope their hellish spirits will not be gratified, as it is much the interest of both Countries to be on the most friendly footing.  I shall at all times be much pleased to receive a few lines from you.\nMrs Stockdale desires her kind respects, and I beg you to present mine to the whole of your family\u2014and in particular to your eldest Son, of whom I have the pleasure to hear a very favourable Account.\u2014\nI am / Dear Sir / With the greatest respect & esteem, / Your Much Obliged, and / Very Humb. Servt\nJohn Stockdale\nP.S. You will also receive half a Dozen Portraits of Mr. Adams, which will be very Acceptable to any of your Absent children.\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1522", "content": "Title: From Peter Trezevant to John Adams, 3 March 1794\nFrom: Trezevant, Peter\nTo: Adams, John,United States Senate\n\t\t\t\tTo the Honorable the President & others the Honorable Members of the Senate of the United States in Congress assembled\u2014Charleston So Carolina February 8th: 1794The Petition of Peter Trezevant of the City of Charleston in the State of South Carolina who has intermarried with Eliza Willoughby Farquhar, the only Child & sole Legatee & Devisee of Robert Farquhar late of Charleston aforesaid deceased, and is also the Attorney (lawfully authorized, constituted, & appointed) of Alexander Chisolm of Charleston aforesaid, the surviving Executor of the last Will and Testament of the said Robert Farquhar deceasedRespectfully Sheweth, that on the thirty first Day of October in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven Hundred & seventy seven, an Order was lawfully made by the Governor & Executive Council of the State of Georgia authorizing Thomas Stone & Edward Davis Esquires (who were then Commissioners for procuring Supplies for the said State) to purchase from the said Robert Farquhar for the Use of the said State, a quantity of Goods, & to pay him for the same in Continental Money at the Rate of thirty two Shillings and Sex Pence per Dollar on or before the first Day of December then next, but if the Continental Money Should not arrive by that time, they were empowered to pay for the said Goods in Indigo at the Carolina Prices & to draw upon the Treasury of the said State for such Sums of Money as might be necessary to fulfill the said Contract; all of which fully appears by a duly authenticated Copy of the said Order taken from the Records of the said Council, & ready to be produced to your Honorable House whenever required\u2014And your Petitioner further shews that in pursuance of the above recited order, the said Commissioners on or about the Day above mentioned did purchase & receive from the said Robert Farquhar a considerable Quantity of Dry Goods for the use of the said State amounting (at the Prices then fixed & agreen upon by both Parties) to Sixty three Thousand, Six Hundred and Five Pounds, South Carolina depreciated Currency, equal in Value to Seven Thousand Five hundred & Eighty Six Pounds, Ten Shillings and one Penny Sterling Money as fully appears by an Account thereof & the Affidavits of Thomas Stone, Oliver Bowen, John Hamilton, Chesley Bostwick, John Wereat, & Peter Trezevant, all duly authenticated, & ready to be produced to your Honorable House whenever required\u2014And your Petitioner further shews to your Honorable House, that on the said sale & delivery of the said Goods the said Commissioners, in further pursuance of the said Order of the said Executive Council, did contract & agree to pay the said Robert Farquhar, the said Amount of the Sales of the said Goods, in Continental Loan Office Certificates at Thirty two Shillings and Six Pence per Dollar, in case they should arrive before the first Day of December then next, & if not, that they would pay him in Indigo at the Carolina Prices according to the Tenor of said Executive Order\u2014That it is generally believed that the said Commissioners, or one of them, on the arrival of some Continental Loan Office Certificates, did receive a Sum sufficient to pay the said Debt to the said Robert Farquhar, but if they did, neither they or either of them, nor any Person or Persons for them, or either of them, ever did pay to the said Robert Farquhar, in his life time, or to his Representatives or either of them, after his death the amount of the said debt so due to him, by the State of Georgia or any part thereof; That in the Year Seventeen hundred & eighty seven, the said Alexander Chisolm presented a Memorial to the Legislature of Georgia stating this claim & praying for payment with Interest, but no proceedings were had upon it, \u2018till their Session in November Seventeen hundred & eighty nine, when the Committee to whom it was referred reported \u201cThat the said Thomas Stone & Edward Davis were Commissioners for procuring supplies for the State of Georgia, & were by the above mentioned Order of the Executive duly authourized to purchase, & did purchase and receive from the said Robert Farquhar, for the Use of the Sate, the Gods before mentioned, upon the terms & Conditions before recited, & that the said Stone and Davis had received Continental Loan Office Certificates to pay for the said Goods, wherefore the said Committee were of opinion that the State of Georgia was not liable to pay the said debt, but recommended that the Amount thereof should be charged by the said State in their Account against the United States, & that the Governor of Georgia should require the said Stone and Representatives of the said Davis to render an Account of the Certificates they received to pay the said Robert Farquhar, & if they did not do so, that the Attorney General of the State should prosecute them for it as fully appears by a Copy of the said Report duly authenticated & ready to be produced to your Honorable House whenever required\u2014And your Petitioner further sheweth that he has been able to trace a part of the said Goods so far as to find that on the twentieth Day of January Seventeen hundred & Seventy Eight a proportion of them, to the Amount (in Specie) of Nine hundred and thirty five Pounds, eight Shillings & Seven Pence farthing, were delivered to Raymond Demere (then the Clothier General of the State of Georgia) which is charged by the said State against the United States, & supported by their Voucher Numbered 918. as fully appears by an authenticated Affidavit of John Wereat (late Auditor) ready to be produced to your Honorable House whenever required\u2014And your Petitioner further sheweth that finding the said petition had met with no success, the said Alexander Chisolm instituted a Suit in the Federal District Court of Georgia to recover the said Debt, upon which your Petitioner attended repeatedly at a very heavy expence & in May Seventeen hundred & Ninety Two that Court determined after lengthy Arguments, that they could not take Cognisance of a Suit brought by an Individual against a State; That another Suit was then commenced against the State of Georgia to recover this Debt in the Supreme Federal Court in Philadelphia, upon which that Court have determined they can take Cognizance of a Suit commenced by an Individual againstmissing pagewith Justice apply to your Honorable House for Relief, particularly as he knows not how he should get his Judgement satisfied whenever he obtains it, & if he should ever attempt to have an Execution levied upon the State of Georgia, it might occasion some unhappy civil Commotion, as the Inhabitants of that State conceiving it a degradation are resolved not to submit to it\u2014Your Petitioner therefore humbly prays that your Honorable House will take into consideration the particular hardship of his case & provide for the payment of his Debt with Interest, but if your Honorable House should not think fit to assume the payment of it, He humbly hopes that you will secure the Amount to him out of the Balance due to Georgia by the United States, & if because the charges made for these Goods by Georgia against the United States cannot be identified, your Honorable House should decline to secure out of the said Balance the whole of your Petitioners Debt, he humbly hopes that the charge identified by the Affidavit of John Wereat Esqr. (as before mentioned) amounting in Specie to Nine hundred & thirty five Pounds Eight Shillings and seven Pence Sterling may at least be secured to your petitioner out of the said Balance\u2014And your Petitioner prays, that your Honorable House will grant him such further and other Relief as you in your Wisdom and Justice shall think the particular hardship of his Case may deserveAnd he will ever pray &c\n\t\t\t\t\tPeter Trezevant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1527", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Henry Knox, 17 March 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Adams, John\nSir.\nWar Department, March 17th 1794.\nI have the honor to submit to the Senate of the United States, a report on the petitions of Theodore Chartier, Jean Bapt: Laperty Labrientoy\u2014Joseph Page\u2014Augustin Gingrass\u2014and Peter Deton.\nI have the honor to be / Sir, / with great respect, / Your most obedt: Servt:\nH KnoxSecy of War", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1528", "content": "Title: To John Adams from William Bradford, Jr., 22 March 1794\nFrom: Bradford, William, Jr.\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nI have the honor of transmitting to you a report upon the claims of the French Settlers at Galliopolis, pursuant to the orders of the Senate, together with their petition, and sundry documents upon which the facts reported are founded.\nWith sentiments of the most perfect respect /  I have the honor to be, sir / Your most Obedt servt.\nWm BradfordAtty Genl.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1530", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Thomas Welsh, 31 March 1794\nFrom: Welsh, Thomas\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir.\nBoston March 31st. 1794.\nYour Favor of the 20th. I have received, and the same Evening of the 29th. The Resolutions of Congress laying an Embargo reached this Town, they meet almost universall Approbation, and should it be thought best to continue it for a longer Time it will be strictly complyed with.\nPeace is the prevaling and general Object of the People of all Ranks and which they hope their Rulers will be able to continue to them and will therefore chearfully acquiesce in any Measures which the Government may think proper to adopt for this Purpose.\nThe Merchants who have suffered either by the Detention &c. of the French and the Condemnations of the English promise themselves Compensation on the Part of the French and payment on that of the English; with respect to the first they build their hopes upon the Promises of the Members of the Convention that they shall not be loosers by the Embargo. As to their Losses by the British they seem to place Dependance on their property or rather the property of British Merchants in the hands of the Merchants of this Country and upon their Stocks in the Funds for remuneration. with Respect to the Legitimacy of such Expectations I pretend to make no remark but only content myself with the mere relation of them and to observe that at present it serves these Considerations serve a temporary purpose of restraining their Resentments within bounds but tho\u2019 the Wishes and hopes of the great Mass of the People both in and out of Trade are for Peace yet they do not wholly rely on its continuence. The Encreasing demand for our shipping before the Captures Detention and Injuries took place stimulated the Merchants to set up new Vessells but these have since things have taken this turn been directed to be constructed in a Manner proper for Vessells of force, and I believe some are now building with this Intention.\nThis Day Weeks will be the first Monday in April when I expect their will be great Exertions made by the Friends of the different Candidates Mr Cushing is put up as a Candidate against Mr Adams, and I believe will have as many Votes as Mr Adams. Your old Friend Sullivan says he expects to have all the Votes in the lower Counties and in Berkshire and Hampshire. This State has been distrusted anew for the Choice of Senators during the last Session if the General Court by this Means Boston Hingham Hull and Chelsea are to choose four Senators. There will be every exertion made to get Honestus out. to effect this object the Candidates set up by the federalists will be\nThomas Russell\nThomas Dawes\nOliver Wendell\nand for the Country\nTheophilus Cushing (of Hingham)\nIf after this Exertion Austin can keep his Seat at the Senate I shall despair of his ever being removed. I am Sr. with great respect your Friend and Humble / St\nThomas Welsh", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1532", "content": "Title: From John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 4 April 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia April 4. 1794\nThe inclosed Volume was lately sent in to me by a Servant\u2014I have Since heard that the Author of it is in New York. The Book exhibits a curious Picture of the Government of Berne and is well worth reading.\nI congratulate you on the charming opening of the Spring and heartily wish I was enjoying of it as you are upon a Plantation, out of the hearing of the Din of Politicks and the Rumours of War. This felicity will not fall to my Share I fear, before June.\nI am sir / with great Regard your humble /  Servant\nJohn Adams.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1533", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Henry Marchant, 7 April 1794\nFrom: Marchant, Henry\nTo: Adams, John\nVery dear Sir\nNewport Apl. 7. 1794\u2014\nI return you my sincere Thanks for the Honor of Your Letter of the 21 of Feby.\u2014Since that Time the Clouds have gathered and thickened fast.\u2014Amidst it all, I thought I could in some measure account for the Spoiliation of Our Commerce, and all the unjustifiable Conduct of Britons, without absolutely presuming They meant War at any Rate, unless we joined the Genl. Combination against France.\u2014But I confess I am now more than stagger\u2019d by Carletons Speech to the Indians; which I think He never meant should leak out.\u2014Here appears a hideous cloven Foot.\u2014The Cat is let out.\u2014And nothing my honored Friend but the want of Success the last Campaign, if that even yet should/will prevent a War of the combined Interest against Us:\u2014And one great struggle more to regain the Land of Liberty and to subject it to despotick monarchicle Bondage.\u2014What can be more infamous, than ministerial private Instructions, to Judges &c. contravening publick Orders.  Yet I now, but not till now, beleive that has been done.\u2014Disgraced eternally must be the Name of Britain! Their present Situation however will I presume, or at least hope, oblige them to relinquish their late Prospects.\u2014At the worst unprepaired as We are, this Country will be more united than ever;\u2014And firmness and Spirit under that Providence which has hitherto protected Us, will I trust make up for the long, imprudent unprovided State of Our Millitary and War Department, which ever ought to be ready at Hand. But the Minds of Our People could not before have submitted to the Expence.\u2014This will I presume in all future Times be a useful and successful Lesson to Us.  And so, Good is often brought out of Evil.\u2014I pray we may escape the present threatned War. But let us act as under the fulest Respect of it.\u2014Like Our President prudent, and firm! Be this Our Example.\u2014\nThe late Conduct of Britain has nearly worked out that Miracle which Govr. Levingstone said was necessary to the Conversion of a Tory.\u2014It has certainly had an astonishing affect upon them.\u2014They are becoming zealous Whigs.\u2014\nThis State has by a late Act ceded to the U.S. all their Right &c to Our Fort, and given this Town and any Individuals, Liberty to sell and dispose of Landed Estate to the U.S. for the purpose of Fortifications.\u2014They have passed Their Millitia Bill, which till now they could not agree upon;\u2014And appear zealous to second every wish of Congress.\u2014May their be an End to all Parties\u2014This will confirm the People, give Us Energy at Home and Respectabillity abroad\u2014May Your Sessions be honorable, and successful:\u2014And may the remainder of Our Days be peaceful and prosperous prays your / most sincere friend / and honored Servant\nHy. Marchant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1534", "content": "Title: To John Adams from N. Olive, 8 April 1794\nFrom: Olive, N.\nTo: Adams, John\n\t\t\t\t\tMonsieur.\n\t\t\t\t\tNew-York 8. Avril 1794.\n\t\t\t\tJ\u2019etois porteur d\u2019une Lettre pour vous de mes amis Messr. Grand & Cie. de Paris que je gardois depuis mon arriv\u00e9e ici, en Novembre dernier, avec ma famille, attendant l\u2019occasion d\u2019avoir l\u2019honneur de vous la remettre; J\u2019ai eu celui de rencontrer Monsieur Votre fils chez Monsieur Le Baron de Steuben, Je lui ai remis cette lettre pour qu\u2019il ait la bont\u00e9 de vous la faire passer & J\u2019apprendrai avec plaisir que cette r\u00e9commendation, d\u2019amis tr\u00e8s intimes, vous soit parvenu\u00eb.J\u2019ai appris, Monsieur, que le Congr\u00e8s avoit decid\u00e9 d\u2019armer des fregattes contre les algeriens; J\u2019ai apport\u00e9 avec moi le plan d\u2019une fr\u00e9gatte de 26 Canons en baterie & 14 Canons sur les gaillards que j\u2019avois fait faire par un des ingenieurs  de la Marine de france qui a le plus de talent (Mr. Forfait) & qui y a dirig\u00e9 la construction des plus beaux Vaisseaux, Je comptois  expedier cette fr\u00e9gatte pour L\u2019Inde, Les circonstances m\u2019en ont empech\u00e9es; Le d\u00e9sir d\u2019etre utile \u00e0 la Nation qui me donne azile m\u2019a fait naitre L\u2019id\u00e9e de lui faire l\u2019hommage de ce Plan, & je viens vous supplier, Monsieur, de m\u2019accorder la faveur de le remettre \u00e0 Messieurs Le Pr\u00e9sident & S\u00e9nateurs des Etats-unis, Je m\u2019estimerois heureux qu\u2019on le jugeat digne d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9x\u00e9cut\u00e9.Je suis avec un respect infini / Monsieur / Votre tr\u00e8s humble & tr\u00e8s / obeissant Serviteur\n\t\t\t\t\tN. Olive", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1535", "content": "Title: From Commissioners of the Sinking Fund to United States Senate, 9 April 1794\nFrom: Commissioners of the Sinking Fund\nTo: United States Senate\n9 April 1794\nAt a Meeting of the Commissioners of the Sinking fund, mentioned in the Act making provision for the reduction of the public debt , at the Senate Chamber April 9. 1794.\u2014\nPresent,\nThe Vice-President of the United States,\nThe Secretary of the Treasury,\nThe Secretary of State,\nThe Attorney General.\nA report from Joseph Nourse, register of the Treasury, was read, stating that the dividend of interest arising on the first quarter of the present year on the stock standing to the credit of the said Commissioners, and also to the credit of Samuel Meredith, Treasurer, in trust for the United States, amounted to sixteen thousand five hundred & fifty eight dollars & seventy seven Cents,\nWhereupon, Resolved, that the same be forthwith applied towards sinking the public debt by purchasing stock upon rules & principle conformable to the last resolution of the board.\nResolved, that the sum of fifty thousand dollars be also appropriated & applied in like manner.\nResolved, that Samuel Meredith, be the Agent for making the said purchases of Stock.\nSigned by order of the board,\nJohn Adams.Approved, April 12. 1794\nGeo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1537", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Montgomery, 22 April 1794\nFrom: Montgomery, John\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nAlicante 22d April 1794\nMy Brother Robt in his respects of the  had the honour of transmiting his most greatfull acknowledgmts for your kind support in Obtaining for him the Consulship of this district, and as he upon every occation forwards such information as may be Usefull to Goverment I have suspended troubling Your Excellency With any letters on Political matters\u2014\nThe Port of Barcelona being Within this district according to my Brothers Commission he has appointed me his Agent and Vice Consul there Untill the further pleasure of Congress is known on that Subject, Its extensive Trade and local situation With respect to Algiers required a man of intelligence and known integrity in order both to represent our Country With the dignity thy merit and to watch the motions of the Algerins, and transmit to goverment and to Our Fleet and Cruzers every needfull information respectg those Pirates\u2014\nBut as a Vice Consul must in a place of the magnitude of Barcelona labour under many dificuelties that a Consul is not exposed to I must beg leave to request that you Will have the Goodness to recommend to his Excellency the President the Memorial that I have transmitted the Secretary of State Under this date praying the Consulship of the Above Place\u2014\nI shall be happy at All times in being honoured With your commands and Wishing Your Excellency every happiness I have the honour to be / Sir / Your Excellencys / Obt Humbl. Servt\nJohn MontgomeryBy official advices we are possitively informed that the Portugeese have again declared War against the Algerins and that the Truce no longer exists and the Dutch have made peace With them pirates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1538", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Edmund Randolph, 22 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nPhiladelphia, April 22d: 1794.\nI do myself the honor of transmitting to the Senate the translation of a French letter; the original of which was addressed to Congress, and was delivered to me yesterday by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, to be translated.\nI have the honor, Sir, to be / with the highest respect / yo. mo. ob. serv.\nEdm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1539", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Ferdinand Rosset, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Rosset, Ferdinand\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nPhiladelphia April 24th. 1794.\nYou told me the last time I had the honour to See you, that You had perused all the papers which I had taken the Liberty to send to you: If they are no more of any use to you, You will oblige me in giving them to the Bearer.  I hope I shall have lost nothing in your Opinion by what I furnished you the occasion to read: For my Own part I shall always find myself happy that those papers have given me the means of being acquainted with a man whose Life has been devoted to that true Liberty of which I was always so fond: & I shall neglect no Opportunity of Cultivating that acquaintance which is a pleasure And an honour for him who will constantly subscribe himself / Sir /  Your most obedient / And humble Servant\nFerdinand Rosset", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1540", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Thomas Jefferson, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nMonticello Apr. 25. 1794.\nI am to thank you for the book you were so good as to transmit me, as well as the letter covering it, and your felicitations on my present quiet. the difference of my present & past situation is such as to leave me nothing to regret but that my retirement has been postponed four years too long.  The principles on which I calculate the value of life are entirely in favor of my present course.  I return to farming with an ardour which I scarcely knew in my youth, and which has got the better entirely of my love of study.  instead of writing 10. or 12. letters a day, which I have been in the habit of doing as a thing of course, I put off answering my letters now, farmer-like, till a rainy day, & then find it sometimes postponed by other necessary occupations.\u2014the case of the Pays de Vaud is new to me. the claims of both parties are on grounds which I fancy we have taught the world to set little store by.  the rights of one generation will scarcely be considered hereafter as depending on the paper transactions of another.\u2014my countrymen are groaning under the insults of Gr. Britain. I hope some means will turn up of reconciling our faith & honour with peace: for I confess to you I have seen enough of one war never to wish to see another.  with wishes of every degree of happiness to you both public & private, and with my best respects to Mrs Adams, I am / Dear Sir / your affectionate & humble servt.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1543", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Edmund Randolph, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nDepartment of State\u2014April 30th: 1794.\nAs soon as I received the resolution of the Senate, requiring an abstract to be made of the cases of vexation and spoliation, it was begun. At that time, notwithstanding the pressure of business in the department, I expected soon to accomplish what was called for.\nBut after some days, new cases crouded in so fast; that the number and labour is increased more than four fold. Resuming therefore, that it would be the desire of the Senate, to see an abstract of the whole, and not merely of such, as had appeared at the date of my Report; I have ventured to consider the whole, as virtually included in the resolution of the Senate, and have proceeded accordingly. I hope the abstract will be finished in a few days; and I trouble you with this letter, to prevent a supposition of inattention or unnecessary delay on my part\u2014\nI have the honor, Sir, to be / With great Respect / yo. mo. ob. serv.\nEdm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1544", "content": "Title: To John Adams from N. Olive, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Olive, N.\nTo: Adams, John\n\t\t\t\t\tMonsieur\n\t\t\t\t\tNew-york 1er. Mai 1794.\n\t\t\t\tJ\u2019ai re\u00e7u la lettre que vous m\u2019avez fait L\u2019honneur de m\u2019\u00e9crire le 22: du mois dernier; je Suis tr\u00e8s sensible aux invitations pr\u00e9cieuses que vous voulez bien me faire et diner le cas o\u00f9 mon s\u00e9jour ici fut indispensable y ayant des inter\u00eats assez majeurs; je vous Supplie de me faire pr\u00e9venir de votre passage \u00e0 New-york apr\u00e8s la cession du Congr\u00e8s afin que j\u2019aie l\u2019honneur de vous voir, Monsieur & de vous pr\u00e9senter ma famille.Je d\u00e9sire que l\u2019hommage que j\u2019ai fait au s\u00e9nat des Etats-unis par votre entremise ait \u00e9t\u00e9 agreable, je me trouve avoir b\u00e9soin dans ce moment-ci d\u2019un plan de fr\u00e9gatte pareil a celui que jai offert ayant depuis peu con\u00e7u un projet qui peut \u00eatre utile, oserois-je vous Supplier, Monsieur, de me faire faire & de m\u2019envoyer un Copie de ce plan, ou Si cela vous cause le plus petit embarras je chargerai une de mes amis de Philadelphie de le faire copier lui-m\u00eame, & je vous l\u2019indiquerai afin que vous ayez la bont\u00e9 de le lui confier seulement quatre \u00e0 cinq Jours, je vous en aurai obligation.Jai appris avec douleur que M. Grand pere \u00e0 perdu Sa femme. Il \u00e9toit avec sa famille retir\u00e9 \u00e0 Passy d\u2019o\u00f9 Il ne pouvoit quitter par attachement pour un lieu qu\u2019il a cre\u00e9 et rendu tr\u00e9s agr\u00e9able, Ses enfants le pressoient en vain d\u2019aller en Suisse et de jouir de la faveur accord\u00e9e \u00e0 tous les Suisses r\u00e9sidants en france de retourner dans leur pays, m\u00eame avec leur fortune. M. Grand ch\u00e9rit le lieu o\u00f9 il a perdu sa vieille amie, Cest l\u00e0 qu\u2019il l\u00e0 pleure & qu\u2019il veut finir ses Jours. Je l\u2019informerai de l\u2019inter\u00eat que vous prenez \u00e0 Son Sort et je pense que ce Sera un adoucissemt. \u00e0 son chagrin.Je Suis avec Respect, / Monsieur, / Votre tr\u00e8s humble & tr\u00e8s / obeissant Serviteur.\n\t\t\t\t\tN. Olive", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1545", "content": "Title: From John Adams to Joseph Willard, 6 May 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Willard, Joseph\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia May 6. 1794\nI beg Leave to communicate, through your kind mediation, to the Members of the American Accademy of Arts and Sciences, my most affectionate and respectful Thanks for the Honour they have done me by repeated Elections to their Chair. If I have ever entertained a hope that I might at some time or other have been of some Use to that respectable Society, the State of Publick Affairs has hitherto wholly prevented me; and the present and future Prospects render it wholly impossible for me to give the Smallest Attention to the Interest or Honour of that Institution which has such just and so important Claims upon its President.\nAs it would be unbecoming in me, therefore, any longer to withhold the Honours of the Accademy from other Gentlemen, who have so much better deserved them and are so much better qualified to do service, I hereby decline the future Election to the office of President of The Accademy of Arts and Sciences.\nWith great Respect and / Esteem for the Members of the Accademy / in general and with the highest Consideration / for yourself in particular, I / have the Honour to be Dear sir / your most obedient Sert\nJohn Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1546", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Thomas Welsh, 6 May 1794\nFrom: Welsh, Thomas\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nBoston May 6th 1794.\nYour Favor of the 7th Ulto: stands \u2019till this Moment unacklowdged.\nI did not like the Method of electioneering which you so justly deem improper; but it seemed in sum Sort justifiable at the Moment to counteract the effects of the Promoters of it. but I hope it will not in future be persued. Mr Adams, the Secretary informed me last Eveng, will probably be chosen by three fifths of the Voters. the Returns being nearly compleated excepting those from the County of Berkshire which have not been received. there will be no choice of Lieut Governor Mr Gill Mr Gerry Gorham and I think Phillips will be the Candidates.\nThe Humane Society has been called upon at different Times during the Session of Congress both by individuals and in the public Papers to promote by their Recommendation the obtainment of a Contribution for the Relief of the American Prisoners in Algiers this the Trustee\u2019s thought might have a Tendency to interfere with the Views of Congress and therefore declined encourageing. last Evening at the Monthly Meeting of the Trustees the Subject was again brought up and a Proposal made for the Trustees to petition the General Court or the Executive of the State to issue a Brief to procure a Contribution for the Relief of the Prisoners from Captivity or if the Sum collected was not sufficient for the Purpose to render their Situation more comfortable. but this proposal was waved and a Committee appointed to consider the Propriety of such an Application\nThe Comee. consisted of Mr Russell Jna Mason Senr Mr Balch Dr Howard and myself. Mr Balch observed that He had a Cousin a Prisoner and he had consulted you upon this Subject and that your Advice was not to do anything at present as the Subject was before Congress. The other Gentlemen of the Comee: therefore desired me to write you and to take your sense upon the Propriety of the Application, or in other words whether such a Measure will in any Way injure the Arrangements of Congress there will be sufficient Time for your Reply as the Committee have \u2019till the first Monday in June to prepare a Report.\nI was at Quincy last Saturday I saw Mrs Hall your aged Mother and I fear she will not tarry with us through the Summer I saw her when she was taken in Feby I then thought she might reconst. but it appears to me that her Lungs are materially affected and that her Complaints are hectic. her understanding remains uninjured by the Malady.\nI am Sr with much Respect Your Friend &c\nThomas Welsh", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1547", "content": "Title: To John Adams from N. Olive, 7 May 1794\nFrom: Olive, N.\nTo: Adams, John\n\t\t\t\t\tMonsieur\n\t\t\t\t\tNew-york le 7 Mai 1794.\n\t\t\t\tDepuis la lettre que j\u2019ai e\u00fb l\u2019honneur de vous \u00e9crire le per. de ce moi par laqu\u2019elle je vous priois de me confier le plan original de fregatte que j\u2019ai offert au Senat des Etats-unis pour en faire tirer un copie dont j\u2019ai besoin; j\u2019ai trouv\u00e9 quelqu\u2019un qui a bien voulu se charger de l\u00e0 faire faire tr\u00e8s promptement. Je vous prie donc, Monsieur, de remettre ce plan au porteur qui vous le fera rendre aussitot qu\u2019il en aura fait faire la Copie.Je vous demande pardon de l\u2019embarr\u00e2s & suis avec Respect / Monsieur, / Votre tr\u00e8s humble & tres / obeissant Serviteur.\n\t\t\t\t\tN. Olive", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1548", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Jacob Morgan, 9 May 1794\nFrom: Morgan, Jacob\nTo: Adams, John\nSir.\nPhiladelphia, 9th: May 1794\nIn compliance with the request of my FellowCitizens, I have the honor to transmit to you, a Copy of the Resolutions which were yesterday unanimously adopted, at their General Meeting, to express their sense of the proposition depending in Congress, for imposing an Excise on certain Domestic Manufactures, which you will be pleased to lay before the Senate.\nI am, Sir, / Your Most Obedt. Hble serv.\nJacob MorganChairman", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1551", "content": "Title: From Peter Legaux to John Adams, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Legaux, Peter\nTo: Adams, John,United States Senate\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Honorable the President and Members of the Senate of the United States.Gentlemen,\n\t\t\t\t\tSpringmill May 15. 1794.\n\t\t\t\tThe only and lively zeal which has animated me for these 8 years past for the welfare and prosperity of America has induced me to attempt a kind of agriculture hitherto unknown here. The encouragement which the President of the United States and some among you, Gentlemen, have been pleased to give me has undoubtedly contributed not a little to augment this zeal, and turn my labours into pleasures. Success having crowned my intentions beyond all expectation; I think it my duty to offer you herewith my acknowledgments; humbly praying that you will be pleased to continue to bestow your patronage on my vineyard which for reasons in which all men now agree and which at present agitate the politicks and interrupt our trade, is of the utmost importance for America. The best things in the world have nevertheless their enemies and it is for this reason that an improvement of this kind might meet with some obstacles, if your known patriotism did not induce you to prevent the effects thereof: this I am convinced of by the interest I am persuaded you would take therein, if you had viewed the experiment with your own Eyes. This persuasion induces me to request that you will convince yourselves of the success of the culture of the vine in this new Empire, where formerly England made several unsuccessful attempts for the same purpose. I would spare you the trouble of a journey of thirteen miles, if it was in the power of mankind to transfer mountains, and to lay before you a natural vineyard as easily as a Geographer could present you with a map of the world. A subscription has been authorized by Government in order to furnish America with wine, brandy, tartar &c. I beg of you not to subscribe until you have assured yourselves of the success which the goodness of your soil and the temperature of your climate have procured me since the beginning of my undertaking: vouchsafe then to honor my vineyard with your presence, and then you will be convinced from ocular demonstration that America need not go to foreign markets for her Wines as she can supply her own wants and gratify all the wishes of the inhabitants in that article at home.I am with the greatest respect / Gentlemen / your most obedient humble / servant.\n\t\t\t\t\tP Legaux", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1552", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Rufus King, 20 May 1794\nFrom: King, Rufus\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nPhiladelphia 20 May 1794\nThe amendment reported by the committee of the Senate to the Bill relative to the Balances due to the Creditor States is in itself so important, and particularly so interesting to the State of New york, that I feel great reluctance to be absent while the same is under Discussion; but a sudden indisposition in my family compels me to return to Newyork, I hope to be again in my Place on Monday or Tuesday next\u2014\nMay I be permitted Sir, through you, to request the Senate to suspend a Decision upon this Subject for a few days? The unexpected Absence of my Colleague, occasioned by an afflicting Event in his family, may be deemed an additional apology for my asking this Indulgence\u2014\nWith great respect / I am &c\nRufus King", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1553", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Edmund Randolph, 20 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nPhiladelphia May 20. 1794\nI now do myself the honor of transmitting to the senate, the abstract of vexations and spoliations of our commerce, which was required by their resolution of the 13th. day of March last.  The volume sent will shew, that such a business could not be immediately completed. Indeed, sir, I was compelled, by the burthen of business daily depending and arising in the office, to engage a gentleman of the law, to assist me in preparing the abstract.\nPermit me to remark, that the documents, which have been forwarded to me, are in many instances so imperfect, as to render it impossible to make such regular statements, as I wished.\nI ought at the same time to observe, that on the second day of March 1794, when I wrote my letter to the President of the United States, the cases of complaint against the British were thirty two; against the French twenty six; against the Spanish ten; and against the Dutch one.  The propriety therefore of what that letter Contains, will not be determined by the great list, which has been exhibited since; nor will it be supposed, that I ever have undertaken, or do now undertake to vouch for a single fact; having made, and being able to make, no enquiry before the allegations of the parties interested.\nThe abstract would have been drawn in the first instance; had it not been intended to endeavour to settle the business by representations to the foreign courts. Unless the senate declares, that the  be retained here, it is probable, that many of them will be sent abroad.\nI have the honor, sir, to be / with very great respect / yr. mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1554", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Peter Whitney, 20 May 1794\nFrom: Whitney, Peter\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nNorthborough, May, 20th, 1794\u2014\nI have taken the liberty of dedicating a history of the County of Worcester to You.\nYou will please to accept a Volume of the work.\nThough not personally known to your honor, you will do me the favor to believe that I have a Sincere respect for, & high esteem of, you; & permit me to add, that I am,\nDear Sir, Your most obedient / & most humble servt.\nPeter Whitney", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1556", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Edmund Randolph, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Adams, John\nE. Randolph presents his best respects to Mr. Adams and informs him, that Mr. Short\u2019s nomination to Madrid must necessarily precede that of his successor to the Hague. Mr. Adams will therefore not be surprized at finding no nomination for the Hague, made to\u2013day.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1558", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Henry Knox, 5 June 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nWar department June 5th. 1794\nIn obedience to the order of the honorable the Senate of the United States, of yesterday, I respectfully submit a statement of the troops of the United States according to the last returns.\nI have the honor to be / with great respect / Sir / Your most obedt. servant,\nH Knox.Secy of War", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1559", "content": "Title: From John Adams to George Hammond, 16 June 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Hammond, George\nDear sir\nQuincy June 16. 1794\nPermit me to introduce to you, rather too formally to be sure, as it is an old Acquaintance, my son John Quincy Adams, whom the President has honoured with an Appointment to Holland.\nHis Disposition to Peace is as hearty as that of his Father, and in every Thing that may depend upon him, his Endeavours will not be wanting I presume to preserve it.  Mrs Adams joins me in Compliments to Mrs. Hammond. With great / and sincere Esteem I have the honour / to be &c.\nJohn Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1560", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Thomas Brand Hollis, 22 June 1794\nFrom: Hollis, Thomas Brand\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nJune 22 1794 Chesterfeild Street\nI recd your letter with the correspondence of Gennet for wch am much obliged to you but being put into the post it cost 19S which the captains often do as soon as they come to Land\u2014 how mine was delayed know not beleive it was by a private hand.\nThe communication by letters is exceeding dangerous the habeas corpus bill being suspended, wch gives power equal to lettres de cachet & it is used not only to prevent correspondence but to examine all letters.\nit was the remarks on paine wch Stockdale had the impudence to publish in your name but nobody beleived it\u2014 The same man had the assurance to repeat through 3 Edits of the life of Paine that I was instrumental to the publishing the rights of Man presiding over a committee of Democrates in this house whereas I never saw the book till it was printed, nor was there ever a committee of democrates in this house nor did I ever preside at any one any where else but it was done on purpose to mark a simple individual & it has had its effect.\nif I called your performance a book it was not in contempt of it but in honor for remember Thucidides called a book an inheritance\nin your work you have proved your point that for want of a Balance former republicks have died away but it was not for want of finding that Balance but not knowing how to preserve that Balance when found, & in practice & therefore it has never been effected whither it is not better to build on a broader basis & not like a china Jarr admired at a distance but fall to peices when Touched\nI esteem your work greatly & it introduces a new branch of Litterature much neglected & unknown in so much I wish you would complet it as much as you can by continuing your collection of Italian States.\nknow then dear sir I have begun a series of that kind but want your presence & aid to encourge & assist me without any animosity to the Man who is very ignorant & impudent & is not to be depended on.\nI fear your labors would suffer greatly as he will consult nothing but his own interest & that at any rate\u2014the situation of this country is truly deplorabl & prevents for the present other attentions\nI had wrote a long letter on French affairs but prudence prevents sending it you could have given me your opinion freely but I cannot tho we think very differently!!!\nshould be glad to see your dialogue but why bring in Louis\u2014France will neither be sluiced out nor partitioned by the combined power nor call out for the restoration of the old monarchy but\u2014\nMr Jay & Mr Trumbull gave me the pleasure of their company this day am highly pleased with the republican simplicity & good sence of yr minister & have no doubt he will maintain the dignity of his republick & presenting its rights and liberty\u2014will secure an Asylum to the virtuous & distrest where the long hands of Tyrants cannot reach I have inclosed a few pamphlets & with them send my best wishes for health & happiness to you & Mrs Adams & desire you to beleive I am Dear Sir / Sincerely & affectionately yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1561", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Trumbull, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Trumbull, John\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nLondon June 25th: 1794.\nI have the pleasure to forward to the care of your Son in Boston, a packet which I presume comes from your friend Mr. Hollis\u2014neither Lord Wycombe nor Mr. B. Vaughan are in Town. but your Letters I have been careful to forward.\nThe Campaign by Sea as well as by Land is thus far severe & bloody\u2014In the Naval Engagement the French Suffer\u2019d a severe loss, which they consider as compensated in a great degree by the safe arrival of the convoy from the Chesapeak.\u2014Towards Spain & Italy their Armies are Victorious.\u2014On the Rhine they have lost ground.\u2014in Flanders where the great Effort is made, they have gaind more than they have lost.\u2014& Ypres if taken as it is universally believed to be, gives them the command of all Maritime Flanders.\u2014on the Whole they appear to be in a condition (so long as their present internal union & energy continue) to overpower all external opposition:\u2014\nTheir Government approaches daily nearer to a dictatorship in One person instead of in commission, as it has been in fact for some time:\u2014Danton &c &c are gone. And all competitors appear to sink before the mighty popularity & power of Robespierre\u2014How long he can retain these, or avoid the Guillotine & the Dagger we know not.\nPoland is making a much firmer struggle against her Oppressors, than her best friends would have expected.\u2014it is suppos\u2019d that the Turk will side with her against Russia. in which case She has some distant chance of success.\u2014In the mean time it occasions a most important diversion in favr of France by calling off entirely the King of Prussia.\nIn this country, the language of the mercantile & manufacturing interests are favorable to peace with us. how far their wishes will influence the conduct of the Government, a little more time will Shew.\u2014we at least may found some hopes of peace upon the combination of internal & external motives which equally appear to press in our favor.\nYou will excuse this line\u2014& believe me to be with much Respect / Sir / Your Obligd & real frind & servant\nJno. Trumbull", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1562", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Sinclair, 5 July 1794\nFrom: Sinclair, John\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nWhitehall London. 5 July 1794.\nI request the favour of your attention to the bearer, William Strickland Esqr, a gentleman of considerable Property in Yorkshire, and an honorary member of the Board of agricultural, who proposes taking an agricultural survey of America. Any civilities you will have the goodness to show to him, will much oblige,\nYour very faithful / humble Servant\nJohn Sinclair", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1563", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Cranch, 8 July 1794\nFrom: Cranch, John\nTo: Adams, John\nHonor\u2019d Sir;\nNo. 15. Essex Street, Strand, London 8 July 1794.\nI hope your Excellency will pardon my presumption in sending to you these books, with the specimens; and condescend to accept the same in acknowledgment of my gratitude for the notices you have honor\u2019d me with: I send two other copies to Uncle Cranch, one for himself, and the other for the Academy; and 3 or 4 more for other friends in New England,\u2014having some apprehension that the work neither is, nor will be published, and on that account dreading a mortification of my own Vanity\u2014(being I observe honorably mentioned in it)\u2014no less than a disappointment of the more laudable views of the ingenious author.\nI hope my respectfull Compliments may be acceptable to Mrs. Adams and yourself; being, most faithfully, / Sir, / Your Excellency\u2019s / obliged, obedient / humble servant\nJohn Cranch.\nP.S. The person who does me the favor to take these things to America, is Mr. Peironnet, lately an officer in our navy, who is going to settle in your country, and is an intelligent and deserving young man, and much attached to me.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1564", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Trumbull, 15 July 1794\nFrom: Trumbull, John\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nLondon July 15th. 1794.\nI have the Honor to forward a packet which I presume is from your friend Mr. Brand Hollis: and also to add two or three the latest Newspapers.\u2014\nThe Affairs of the Combin\u2019d powers have very much chang\u2019d their Aspect since the Opining of the Campaign within four or five weeks all Flanders, as far as Namur on one hand & Antwerp on the other is lost by them:\u2014\nThe Austrian Troops are said to be exhausted with fighting. the English, Dutch & Hanoverians are not equal in Number to their Opponents: to whom great reinforcements are said to be now on the March:\u2014so that considering that there are no verystrong positions in front of Breda on one hand or Maestricht on the other it is a prevailing opinion here that All Flanders is lost; & there are who trouble for the Fate of Holland.\nThe Effort of Poland has call\u2019d off the Attention of the King of Prussia:\u2014The Spaniard is thought to be negotiating for a separate peace.\u2014& the Emperor is believ\u2019d to be tir\u2019d of ineffectual Efforts:\u2014The Loan which He obtain\u2019d here two Months since cannot be paid of course: it was taken by 50 Men at \u00a350,000 each, & the security was the Revenues of Flanders:\u2014while the fate of this part of his Dominions was doubtful no person would buy his Scrip:\u2014now that this fate is decided in a way so destructive to him, no one will, & the original subscribers if the could (which I doubt) will not pay.\nMy Conjecture is that the war by Land is nearly at an End:\u2014& that this Country will soon turn all Her attention to the Sea.\nHow our Affairs are to Issue is yet uncertain at Loyd\u2019s Coffeehouse a Policy was offer\u2019d on Saturday last to ensure Peace with America One Year:\u2014Fifteen Guineas upon an Hundred pounds were offer\u2019d, but nobody would write:\u2014I will only say in the words of Scripture\u2014Be ye also ready;\u2014neither put your trust in Princes.\nI congratulate you (on Newspaper Authority) on the Appointment of your Son in Holland, & hope we shall soon have the pleasure to see him.\u2014\nMr. Freire whom you remember, sail\u2019d a few days ago for New York as Minister from Portugal.\nI beg to be remember\u2019d to Mrs. Adams, / & am / with the highest Respect / Sir / Your Oblig\u2019d & Humble servant / & friend\nJno. Trumbull", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1565", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Jay, 27 July 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nLondon 27 July 1794\u2014\nDocr. Edwards of Philada. will be so obliging as to take charge of this Letter. I regret that he & Mrs. Edwards leave this peace so soon\u2014. You will find him a Gentleman of extensive Information.\u2014He has visited the greater part of this Kingdom, and paid particular attention to the Husbandry of it.\u2014Permit me to introduce him to You.\nI have heard, and wish it may be true, that your Son is appointed to Holland. He will there meet with many of your friends. His Talents, Education, & attention to Business promise Utility to his Country, Honor to himself, and Satisfaction to You\u2014That all these Prospects may be realized is the sincere wish of / Dear Sir your most obt. & hble Servt.\nJohn Jay\u2014\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1566", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Trumbull, 27 July 1794\nFrom: Trumbull, John\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nLondon 27th. July 1794.\nWill you permit me to present to your acquaintance Dr: Edwards of Pensylvania:\u2014He returns by the way of Boston & the Northern States to Philadelphia, after having pass\u2019d some time in this Kingdom, attending particularly to its agriculture:\u2014On this Subject as well as the general Ones of the War & present state of Europe you will find Dr. Edwards very well inform\u2019d, & will I doubt not derive much pleasure from his Conversation.\nI beg Mrs. Adams\u2019s permission, at the same time to commend to her kindness Mrs. Edwards & Miss Clarkson.\nI am with much Respect / Sir / Your much Obligd servant\nJno. Trumbull", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1569", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Edmund Randolph, 8 August 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia August 8. 1794.\nThe letter, which Mr. Adams delivered to me from you, was truly acceptable, as well from its friendly style, as the opportunity, which it presented, Of an Acquaintance with him.  When he was first contemplated for the Hague, my mind readily embraced the idea, under the influence of his own merit. I must be permitted at the same time to own, that the public services of the father strongly confirmed the pratensions of the son.  He will therefore find in me, that mode of conduct, which will mark my respect and esteem for both.\nMr. Adams will inform you, that we are upon the eve of a great crisis.  He knows all the circumstances; or I would, notwithstanding my pressure, snatch a moment to detail them.\nIn all situations, sir, I shall ever be / with real esteem and regard / yr. mo. ob. serv:\nEdm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1570", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Jonathan James Maund, 17 August 1794\nFrom: Maund, Jonathan James\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nKuisale Westmoreland County in Virginia 17th. Aug. 1794\nThe inclos\u2019d Letter for my Friend your Son will I trust plead my excuse for addressing you: it is in Answer to a Letter from him in Philadelphia where I experienc\u2019d the pleasure of his Society and as he informs me that he was the Last month to leave America for Holland I at present know of no other Opportunity of assuring him of my Affection than by thus troubling you to take Charge of my Letter\nPermit me to request that you will inform me his Address for I fear that inclosing my Letters to your Care may be troublesome.\nI have the Honor to be very Respectfully / Sir / Your most Hble Servt.\nJno: Jas: Maund", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1571", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Thomas Brand Hollis, 26 August 1794\nFrom: Hollis, Thomas Brand\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nThe Hide Aug 26. 1794\nI am desired by Mr J Cartwright, whom I beleive you know by his writings, a firm honest & inflexible man in the cause of Freedom & a sincere friend to the true interests of America, by him I am requested to introduce two young men to some persons in America it occurred to me that your disposition & situation in life might be of service to them, Mark & Robert Denison. Their Father \u201cMr Denison is concerned in a large cotton manufactury at Nottingham: a large cotton mill of his has been infamously attempted to have been destroyed this event & I beleive the general complexion of things in this country have determin\u2019d Mr Denison to remove his whole family to America whither his two eldest sons Mark & Robert are now about to embark on board a ship from London: They proceed to Philadelphia & thence in the spring to Baltimore New york & Boston in order to look out for an eligible situation for their future establishment.\u201d\nmajor Cartwright assures me it is a family among whom he knows not an individual but is worthy of esteem & affection they are persons of considerable property & the circumstance of their fleeing from this country to take refuge in America is a practical comment on the two governments which he saies places them in a just light.\u201d\n\u201cMr Denison carries on the hosiery trade at Nottingham to a large extent as manufacturer & merchant & his two eldest sons have been with him ever since they completed their education.  they are a very valuable & virtuous family amongst whom as much affection & concord is to be observed as perhaps in any family in this Island. The mother is a most amiable & sensible woman but suffers extremely from ill health.\u201d you will observe the account of this deserving family is from Mr Cartwright & he is to be depended on therefore from their worth I wish your protection & encouragement which I shall esteem a favor & obligation. I need not remind you that America is the only Asylum but it is to be hoped it will not long stand alone profit therefore of the times. I cannot write more at present being streigthend as this must be sent directly away.\nhoping you are well in health & that my amiable friend mrs Adams has recover\u2019d hers\nI remain Dear Sir / with great regard / yours very Sincerely\nT Brand HollisRobertspierre is taken of & the Nation is Quiet & active.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1572", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Fran\u00e7ois Adriaan Van der Kemp, 28 August 1794\nFrom: Van der Kemp, Fran\u00e7ois Adriaan\nTo: Adams, John\nSir!\nRotterdam at the Oneida Lake 28 Aug. 1794.\u2014\nConfiding that m\u00ff moving to the western Parts, and arrival there Shall be by your Excellency a Sufficient plea for the excuse of this Letter, being unable to give a more valid, I am So free to renew for a few moments the remembrance of him whom you honour\u2019d to this time with your esteem.\nThe Situation here is delightful\u2014the Soil rich enough\u2014and my Seat in particular would admit ever\u00ff improvement of taste, if my finances were adequate to it.I have been imposed by those, who contracted to clear a great part, and left it nearly untouched\u2014this had been a considerable loss.  however grieveous this ma\u00ff be, all will be Surmounted in time\u2014if once I may be happy enough to See my family on the Spot. Mrs. vanderkemp is Still at Mr. G. Boon\u2019s in Services, with the famil\u00ff of Mr Mappa, where She Shall Stay, till I have prepared the outhouses and a convenient Log house, as was intended for a temporar\u00ff Residence. She is resolved to make few Sacrifices more, and more yet, if by necessity it is required that is should become permanent.  To avoid this however, and to make our retirement more comfortable to my worthy Consort, as accustomed to a nother manner of Living; I am resolved, to repair for a Small part our losses, to offer m\u00ff Librar\u00ff for Sale in the hope, that the amount Shall be Sufficient to build a convenient house.  It consist chiefly of Belles Lettres of ancient and modern Languages\u2014first, and magnificent editions, neatly bound\u2014There few Americans shall be longing to make this acquisition\u2014I imagine, that your Excell, might perhaps recommend it to one of his acquaintances. I value it between 400 and 500 \u00a3, and I Shall prepare the Catalogue this winter.So much of m\u00ff domestic cares, which I know are not indifferent to your Excell.\nI did write to N. york and Philadelphia, I adressed my Self in both cities by private gentlemen, but could not enjo\u00ff, to this time, the Satisfaction of Seeing and perusing Davila\u2019 discourses\u2014I hope your Excell may find an opportunity, in conveying it to me, the one or other time, it will afford me a fresh regard of your esteem.  Though retire\u2019d from all public business, and as burried in the wilderness I am not indifferent in the progress of Sciences or welfare of m\u00ff countr\u00ff\u2014\u2019tho I place So much confidence in the principal rulers that I am less anxious to trouble myself with the Sub-alterns I love to make one thorough-ly acquainted with the principles on which good government must be conducted\u2014Between this Study and that of agriculture, if that of Bel. Lett. Might be broken of between these and the Education of my children, and the improving of my Land my time Shall be emplored\u2014So I will enjoy be here and comfort and contentment, live happ\u00ff in the bosom of my family far removed from the noise of the crowded multitude, unknown by all\u2014few excepted, who will honour me with the marks of their distinction\u2014self in the western wilderness.\nPermit me to recommend me and m\u00ff family to your remembrance, and believe me, when I assure you, that no American can pledge himselves, with more warmth and Sincerity, to your Excell. with higher Sentiments of consideration and respect than / Sir! / your Excell.- most ob. humb. Servant\nFr. Adr. vanderkempP.S. in case of war the neighbourhood of Oswego would not be desirablebut I flatter  myself with the continuation of peace.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1573", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Fran\u00e7ois D\u2019Ivernois, 30 August 1794\nFrom: D\u2019Ivernois, Fran\u00e7ois\nTo: Adams, John\n\t\t\t\t\tMonsieur\n\t\t\t\t\tLondres ce 30e Aoust 1794\n\t\t\t\tJ\u2019ai l\u2019honneur de vous adresser le Duplicata de trois Depeches que je vous ai exp\u00e9di\u00e9es le 23e Ct par la Minerve. Celles ci ne contiennent rien de nouveau si ce n\u2019est les deux dernieres pages du No 1 qui annoncent les nouvelles ult\u00e9rieures de Geneve. Ce n\u2019est plus une R\u00e9volution passagere qui s\u2019y promesse: C\u2019est une fureur destructive qui semble particulierement menacer les lettres & les sciences et surtout nos \u00e9tablissements Religieux & Acad\u00e9mique; comme si aux yeux de ces R\u00e9volutionaires non moins aveugles que feroces, notre Acad\u00e9mie; qui avait vers\u00e9 tant de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9s sur Geneve, \u00e9tait devenue tout \u00e0 coup ainsi que la Religion une institution Aristocratique!Ces nouvelles desastreuses m\u2019attachent de plus en plus au projet que je vous ai soumis Monsieur, et m\u2019en prouve toujours davantage la praticabilit\u00e9 de la part des Genevois, si l\u2019Am\u00e9rique de son cot\u00e9 consent au sacrifice n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 son succ\u00e8s. Cependant j\u2019ignore absolument si elle voudra s\u2019y pr\u00e9ter, je ne dis point en consid\u00e9ration de l\u2019industrie & des Capitaux qu\u2019y porteraient nos Colons; mais en contemplation de nos malheurs, & surtout en contemplation faveur d\u2019une circonstance aussi extraordinaire et aussi nouvelle que la transplantation d\u2019une Universit\u00e9.La dot que je r\u00e9clame pour refonder la notre, paraitra peut etre \u00e9norme: Mais si l\u2019on considere que dans les circonstances o\u00f9 nous nous trouvons, il faut pour assurer le succ\u00e8s meme de sa transplantation, lui donner d\u00e8s son origine toute l\u2019extension dont elle est capable; si l\u2019on observe qu\u2019il serait \u00e9galement facile & important de lui associer un College \u00e0 part pour l\u2019\u00e9ducation des enfans des deux sexes les plus pauvres, college qui devrait etre par cons\u00e9quent gratuit comme chez nous, pour tout ce qui tient aux secours dinstruction \u00e9lementaire; on comprendra combien la somme que je sollicite est tout \u00e0 la fois modique & indispensable. Elle l\u2019est tellement \u00e0 mes yeux, que sans l\u2019obtention de quelque patrimoine pareil, je ne saurais prendre sur moi de conseiller une transplantation aussi hazardeuse \u00e0 notre Colonie Acad\u00e9mique. Et c\u2019est cependant celle ci qui doit etre le noyeau & assurer les succ\u00e8s de notre Colonie agricole & commerciale.Tous les divers appercus que j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 meme de rassembler de si loin, me porteraient \u00e0 croire Monsieur, que le voisinage plus ou moins rapproch\u00e9 de la ville f\u0153d\u00e9rative serait peut etre la situation qui conviendrait le mieux \u00e0 notre \u00e9tablissement, puisqu\u2019il pourrait s\u2019y marier admirablement \u00e0 celui de la Capitale naissante, &  etre d\u2019une \u00e9gale utilit\u00e9 soit \u00e0 la Province de Mary Land, soit \u00e0 celle de Virginie. Dailleurs, s\u2019il est vrai que celle ci soit \u00e0 la recherche des moyens de multiplier ses instituts d\u2019\u00e9ducation publique, il semble qu\u2019elle pourrait trouver en meme tems dans l\u2019adoption du notre, de quoi suppl\u00e9er dans son propre sein \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e9trangere & dispendieuse qu\u2019une partie de sa jeunesse vient chercher sur notre Continent.La richesse de cette derniere Province semblerait offrir en outre un moyen de plus pour le succ\u00e8s prompt & complet de notre N\u00e9gociation, en lui facilitant davantage, soit le don des terres qu\u2019elle peut encore poss\u00e9der, soit l\u2019appropriation de tout autre revenu quelconque annuel & suffisant. Si vous en jugiez comme moi Monsieur, personne ne ferait sans doute plus \u00e0 meme de pr\u00e9parer ce succ\u00e8s et de l\u2019assurer que S. E. le General Washington & Mr Jefferson auxquels je vous pr\u00e8e de vouloir bien communiquer mes D\u00e9peches \u00e0 cet effet, en leur pr\u00e9sentant mes respects.Agreez l\u2019expression de celui avec lequel j\u2019ai l\u2019honneur d\u2019etre, Monsieur / Votre tres humble / & tres ob\u00e9issant serviteur\n\t\t\t\t\tF d\u2019Ivernois", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1575", "content": "Title: To John Adams from George Hammond, 4 October 1794\nFrom: Hammond, George\nTo: Adams, John\nSir,\nNew York 4th October 1794.\nThis letter will be delivered to you by Mr Strickland, a very respectable English Gentleman and a friend of mine, whom, as he proposes making a tour in the eastern states, I take the liberty of introducing to your acquaintance, and of assuring you, that I shall esteem any attentions and civilities shewn to him as personal favors conferred upon myself\u2014\nI have the honor to be with the greatest regard / Sir, / your most obedient / humble servant\nGeo: Hammond.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1576", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Fran\u00e7ois D\u2019Ivernois, 4 October 1794\nFrom: D\u2019Ivernois, Fran\u00e7ois\nTo: Adams, John\n\t\t\t\t\tMonsieur\n\t\t\t\t\tLondres ce 4e 8bre 1794\n\t\t\t\tJ\u2019ai l\u2019honneur de vous adresser ici une 4e continuation de l\u2019historique des convulsions toujours croissantes de la malheureuse Geneve. sa lecture suffira pour vous faire comprendre combien est praticable et pressant l\u2019\u00e9tablissement que j\u2019ai propos\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9rique en faveur de mes malheureux compatriotes, et que je viens recommander de nouveau \u00e0 votre protection & \u00e0 votre appui.J\u2019ai l\u2019honneur d\u2019etre avec respect / Monsieur, / Votre tres humble / & tres ob\u00e9issant serviteur\n\t\t\t\t\tF d\u2019Ivernois", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1578", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 23 October 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, John\nMy dear Sir.\nLondon October 23. 1794.\nOn the 15th: instant in the Evening, twenty-eight days after our departure from Boston, we arrived in this place, and I now write you from our old station at Osborne\u2019s Hotel, in the Adelphi.\nWe landed at Deal and came up from thence by Land. The Dispatches which had been delivered to me for Mr. Jay, and which were my principal inducement for coming here, were so bulky that they could not be contained in a trunk which I could bring with me in the Post-Chaise, and therefore I had the trunk that held them lashed on before, so as to have it immediately under my eyes. It was about 7 in the Evening, and of course quite dark, when we reached London Bridge. About a quarter of a mile on the other side of it, I thought I heard something fall, and instantly upon looking forward, found the trunk, together with another which had been put with it, were both gone. My brother instantly alighted; and fortunately found the trunk of papers directly under the carriage: the other was a few yards behind; under the horses hoofs of another Carriage which followed us. We secured both in the Chaise with us until we reached the house where we stopped, and upon coming to a light found that the Ropes and leather straps which had held the trunks had all been cut away.\nI was sufficiently aware how far the felonious ingenuity was carried in this ingenious town, and from the moment of my landing had felt a great weight of anxiety on my mind with respect to my papers. I kept therefore a watch as strict as possible over them; and yet I cannot but attribute it to an extraordinary degree of good fortune that in the noise and bustle of a London Street, in the darkness of the night I was enabled to save the trunk, which had fallen from a carriage upon the full drive over the pavements, and which in half a minute more would have been irretrievably gone.\nAfter such an accident, I could not possibly sleep, with Mr: Jay\u2019s dispatches in my possession. I therefore delivered them to him myself, the same evening. I found he had been two or three days confined to his chamber by rheumatic complaints, but he has now I think entirely recovered from them.\nHe has fully communicated to me the State of his negotiation here, and has done me the honour to consult me with respect to the Treaty now in discussion between him, and the Ministry here. It has been brought so nearly to a termination, that I presume it will within three months be laid before the Senate for consideration. The terms are such as will not suit many people in America, and yet the stipulations on our part appear to me to be no more than honour, and honesty dictate, and the satisfaction to be made by them almost as much, (setting aside the further delay as to the delivery of the Posts, I should say quite as much) as we are fairly entitled to require. The national honour will be maintained; the national Interest will suffer infinitely less, than it would by the most successful War we could wage; and is it in the heart of an American to derive an objection from the consideration that by this Treaty the National Justice will be fully complied with and performed?\nI have not supposed myself competent to form a proper judgment upon a subject of this magnitude, without longer time, and more extensive information than I have been able to command. When Mr: Jay therefore condescended to take my opinion, I told him that as the whole project, I felt myself inadequate to the decision from my own mind, and I could but assent to the idea in which he and Mr: Pinckney concurred, that it was better than War. As to the several articles they were freely canvassed by those two Gentlemen for three days during which I was present at their interviews, and suggested such ideas as occurred to me upon the subject. My observations were made with the diffidence which naturally arose from my situation; and were treated with all the attention, that I could expect or desire.\nUpon the first occasion on which as the Servant of my Country, I have been called to think, and to speak, I am desirous to give you a full account of the manner in which I have conducted. Young as I am and unused to the Station in which I am placed, my only hope is that the indiscretions of my noviciate may be few and unimportant. The confidence reposed in me by Mr: Jay on this occasion has been flattering in the highest degree, and I hope he will have no occasion to regret it. His kindness and civilities to my brother and me since our arrival, have been fully correspondent to the friendship which has so long subsisted between him and you, and to the benevolence which I have always experienced from him. We are also indebted to Mr: Pinckney for every possible attention and civility, since our arrival. He has lately had the misfortune of losing his Lady.\nWhen I asked you, before I left America, what I should do, if upon my arrival in Europe, I should find no States General and no Stadtholder, the circumstance was nearer to the eventual fact, than I expected. The successes of the french Armies in every quarter have been exceeded all the powers of calculation; they are in full possession at this moment of all Flanders and Brabant; they are besieging Nimeguen and Maestricht, and it is admitted on all hands that nothing remains but a General Inundation to keep them out of Amsterdam. Against this measure there appears to be a formidable opposition on the part of the people: the patriotic party are again emerging from the silence of despair, and one or two of the Provinces have already declared for negotiating a separate Peace.\nAt Amsterdam a petition said to be signed by nine thousand persons was lately presented to the magistrates in Session, against the admission of their allies\u2019 troops into the City, and against the Inundation. Mr: Van Staphorst and Mr: Visscher were two of the three deputies from the people who presented the petition; it was delivered in defiance of a law against petitions in times of danger, and I am informed that Mr: Van Staphorst is imprisoned in consequence of this procedure. Troops of Cavalry have been introduced into the City and parade the Streets. Cannon are placed at the Stadthouse, and attended with lighted matches, and the Stadtholder has threatened declared that any man who shall discover the smallest sign of opposition to the regular authority, shall be punished with instant Death.\nIn this convulsive situation, between the army of an invading enemy, and those of allies equally terrible the people in the Province of Holland are at this moment placed. The crisis cannot possibly be of long duration. The Stadtholder has been invested by the States General with a dictatorial power. His measures probably will be to receive the army of the Duke of York into Amsterdam, and to lay the Country under water. But the decided inclination of a great majority of the people being opposed to this step, it becomes a question whether it will be practicable, and upon the issue of this Question the fate of the Netherlands is suspended. The king of Prussia negotiates a separate Peace: Spain and Sardinia in all probability must do the same: and the Emperor is so thoroughly exhausted that he is almost wholly disabled from continuing the war with any vigour; at the opening of the Campaign Britain and France, the Rome and Carthage of modern Times, will perhaps remain alone to terminate the present contest.\nYou have long before this heard of the Catastrophe of Robespierre in France; and of the pretence upon which he suffered. Since that time a party, styling themselves the moderates have hitherto maintained their ascendancy in Paris and in the Convention. They all join in loading the memory of Robespierre with every possible execration, and have transferred to him the appellation of the Tyrant; which had before been appropriated to the late king.\u2014The horrible cruelty which has been so destructive at Lyons, in la Vendee, and in every part of the Republic; The sinking of thousands by boat-loads in the Loire, the shooting of thousands by pairs at Lyons and elsewhere; the murdering of thousands under the forms of Law, by the Guillotine, all is heaped upon Robespierre, with as much apparent detestation as every friend to humanity has really felt at these transactions.\nA system of moderation has been pursued by the present ruling party. Very few have suffered by the Guillotine. the Commissioners in the several Departments have conducted themselves with lenity, and endeavoured to soothe and conciliate. Great numbers have been liberated from prison: The Convention has ordered that those remaining under arrest shall be immediately tried, or discharged; the disposition for mercy seems even extending to the wretched emigrants themselves; and though always accepted from the terms of capitulation granted to the several garrisons taken by the french troops, yet in one or two late instances, they have not been put to immediate Death.\nBut the violent party, are far from being crushed: in the Convention it still struggles; and by the Jacobins and most of the popular Societies it is still supported. A rupture between the Convention and the Jacobins has widened so much, that it must before long come to a crisis.\u2014Such is the succession of anarchical factions which alternately bear sway in the centre, while at the borders all the armies of the Republic, with a combination of order and enthusiasm, of severe discipline, and irresistible impetuosity, pass from Victory to victory, and have actually almost laid the whole alliance of their enemies, prostrate at the feet of the Convention.\nBritain however yet retains every appearance of continued hostility, and although the most determined partizans of the Ministry, venture to sigh openly for Peace, yet no man of any description appears to expect it. The War to every outward appearance is still popular, and the Administration since the Duke of Portland\u2019s admission to it is said to be strong beyond all former example.\nBut the reins of Government have been drawn so tight here, that it would not be surprizing if they should break. Thirteen persons are to be tried for high-treason the next week. You will probably see in some of the late papers the Indictment upon which they have this day (Octr: 25) been arraigned: The trials are expected to take up a month, and there is much more agitation in the public mind, upon the subject, than appears. Loyalty at this moment is strong, and yet it is in terror; Opposition gnashes its teeth; but is silent or joins in the general cry. Suspicion, jealousy, and a want of mutual confidence betray themselves in the conduct and conversation of every one. These things are not heard; they are not seen: they can only be felt. In short the present state of Society in this Land of Freedoms has almost every mark of a severe despotism. But it is certainly an unnatural state of temper to this people, and it cannot continue long. A gentleman, conversing with me yesterday, upon the approaching trials said, \"The treason is violently constructive, but it will do for this Time. I expect the prisoners will be found guilty: Hambden was found guilty: so were Russell and Sidney: so was Sacheverell: but it was remembered afterwards.\" I have heard nothing like this said by any Englishman (the Gentleman I speak of is an American) but I have seen many who I believe think as much or more.\nAs to the war, excepting their naval successes, they have only shared in the defeats of their allies, who are now all upon the point of leaving them. France will probably have the terms of Peace with them all at her own disposal, and will then turn all her attention towards the Sea. At this moment there is said to be a fleet of twenty seven ships of the line at sea from Brest about 100 leagues West of Scilly; ninety frigates have been built since the beginning of this year.\u2014They have ten thousand british seamen now prisoners in France, and they will not exchange a man of them. The deficiency of men here for the navy, is of course, prodigious, and even the fleet under Lord Howe is not half-manned. It is however just gone to Sea again, and another action as terrible as that on the first of June, may be fought before the close of the year.\nBut for the future in this War, every advantage seems to be on the side of France. Their numbers are inexhaustible, and the loss of ten thousand men, has no other effect than that of calling out myriads more. Every thing that can be the subject of human possession, belongs to the Nation, and this maxim is most thoroughly reduced to practice. Of every species of property, and of human life, their prodigality exceeds the bounds of Imagination itself. They have no commerce to lose. They have a most inveterate animosity against this Nation; and above all they have to establish upon the Sea, a reputation to bear a parallel with that of their armies upon the Land.\nOn the other hand the resources of Britain are comparatively small. They will not want money. there does not appear the smallest suspicion of a deficiency on that score; and it is every where agreed that at this moment the Minister might command it to any amount. But their want of Seamen is without a remedy, and must increase greatly even by the most brilliant victories. Their commerce suffers severely, and the moment they lose their naval superiority must be annihilated. Strongly as they are bent upon the success of the war, and inveterate as they always are against the french they have not that enthusiasm which in France has levelled all the boundaries of private property, and put the whole mass of physical force in the Nation into the hands of the Government. They contend with an Enemy, whom repeated defeats will not discourage, but who would be irresistible after a single victory. In short, Sir, the situation of this Country, external and internal appears to be perilous, and its prospects gloomy in the extreme.\nBut I have already spun my letter to an immeasurable length, and will ask for no more of your time now except to assure you that I remain with every sentiment of duty and affection, your Son.\nJohn Q. Adams.\nP.S. Instead of thirteen persons to be tried for high treason, I find upon further enquiry, only nine; and instead of twenty-seven ships of the line now at Sea, from Brest, there are but fourteen. I had this last fact from an American Captain who fell in with them\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1579", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Thomas Welsh, 6 November 1794\nFrom: Welsh, Thomas\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nBoston Novr: 6. 1794\nI have the Pleasure to inform you that Mr Ames is reelected by a very respectable Majority of the Votes of this District and perhaps there never was a time when the Rights of Election were more fully improved or greater Exertions made. you will see by our Papers who the Persons were who stood in the Entry of Fanieul Hall to distribute the f\u00e6deral Votes. their party scream the Antif\u00e6deral were sanguine of their Success at the Commencement of Election. The Governor came himself to vote for Jarvis. He had a Vote offered him for Mr Ames which he refused and said aloud He is not the right Man.\nMr. Russell stood at the Door handing Votes. when the Governor came down he addressed Mr. Russell: Sr. how do the Votes go? He replied Mr Ames they tell me has a Majority of more than four Hundred; ah replied the Governor they will put the Cart before the Horse.\nYou will also see that Mr Dexter is reelected for the next District.\nI am Sr with respect your humble St \nThomas Welsh", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1580", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 9 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, John\nMy dear Sir\nThe Hague November 9. 1794.\nUnder the present circumstances of affairs in this Country, I did not think it prudent to make any unnecessary delay in England, and accordingly left London on the 28th: of last month. Our passage to Helvoet was short though not agreeable; the packet being very much crowded with passengers. We were only three days from London to this place.\nI had been told in England, that I should perceive fewer symptoms of War in this Country than I should leave behind me there, but I had no idea of finding every thing so perfectly quiet as it is. Excepting the course of conversation in Company, you would imagine yourself to be in a Land blessed with a profound Peace. No confusion; no agitation; no aggregations in the streets; no appearance of exertion. I had almost said no symptom from any part of the people, of feeling an interest in the fate of their Country. You remember Sir, how feeble the efforts of this people were when their war broke out with England in 1781. Yet at that time the active spirit of Liberty predominated. Patriotism was the popular idol, and the power which upon the whole, governed the Country rested much for its support upon the motives of public spirits. But now, that the reins of Government are held by a power, professedly founded upon mere force; a power, which has always been at war with public spirit, and considered patriotism as its deadly enemy; which has always dreaded enthusiasm, and discountenanced the amour sacr\u00e9 de la Patrie, you may judge what a state of lifeless imbecility characterizes the people even at a moment so full of danger and dismay as the present.\nThe Government meets with no internal resistance. The appearance of opposition lately made at Amsterdam, has been completely crushed, and the petitioners have tamely delivered up their arms at command. Van Staphorst has fled, and is safe at Hamburg. Visscher is in close confinement, and patriotism is again compelled to hide its head. This people I fear have lost that Energy of character which once so honourably distinguished them. Had there been a common share of spirit displayed by the petitioners at Amsterdam, the consequences I am informed would have been extremely different; but it was a struggle between Weakness and Impotence, in which the former can scarcely be said to have obtained the Victory, though the latter was certainly defeated. But passive obedience and non-resistance are one thing; and the warm, animated zeal, which is necessary for the defence of an invaded Country, the dauntless heart and the nervous arm, which inspired and directed by the enthusiasm of Liberty have heretofore performed miracles for the salvation of this as well as of other Countries, are another. The strength of the Government is sufficient to controul the inclinations of their adversaries within their walls, but it can hope nothing from their assistance. It can paralize their limbs but cannot arm them in its defence.\nThey have to contend with Enemies of a very different description. With Armies, powerful in numbers, under the most perfect discipline, and of uncontroulable impetuosity, and who pursue to the utmost every advantage they obtain.\nThere is another Circumstance, which has added to the extreme debility which has characterized the defence of their  country frontier against the present invasion. The length of time elapsed since this Country has been before engaged in a war by land, has removed all the officers of martial experience from their troops, but especially from the command of their fortified towns. The usual system of patronage and protection has conferred most of these places as sinecures upon favourites; and in the distribution of the places military merit has been deemed the most unnecessary and useless of all qualifications in the officer to be provided for. The benefit of the individual was the only consideration of importance, for as to the service required, where is the cowardice or stupidity, that can be inadequate, to the mere parade of a military Government in time of Peace?\nBut however suitable the post may be to the officer, in Peace, it seems the officer turns out very unsuitable to the post in War: so that when the day of trial comes, one Commander resigns, on account of his Health; another finds himself incapable to maintain his station from his old age. A third contrives means to be disgusted at some paltry pretence for taking offence; and a fourth without ceremony surrenders as soon as his command is invested. I am told that all these things have really happened; and the most bitter execrations are vented against the Prince of Hesse, the late Governor of Bois le Duc, for capitulating as he did. Treachery and cowardice are both very liberally imputed to him by the partizans of this Government; but I know not with how much foundation. A momentary popular odium is very often the lot of the best Officer when unfortunate, and at such a point of time the voice of the people is far from being infallible. The Commander at Bois le Duc may therefore have been fully justifiable in his surrender; but I have seen a Gentleman who was there at the time, and is very decidedly of a different opinion.\nThey are equally dissatisfied with the behaviour of their allies; particularly the British. The king of Prussia has abandoned the confederacy; and the Emperor will probably do the same. The English and Dutch troops cannot harmonize together, and the former have made themselves so obnoxious by plundering the Country they are employed to defend, that their assistance is more dreaded than the attacks of the Enemy.\nWhat then must be the expectations of the ruling power here; with one half of their own people, exulting secretly at every Victory of their Enemies, and wishing to be conquered as a relief from oppression: with officers incapable of defending, their defensible posts, and with troops who fight bravely only against one another: with allies dayly forsaking them and associates whose assistance is a calamity. It seems to me clear beyond a doubt that their only remaining resource is Peace.\nBut before it can be ascertained whether even this resource will avail them, it is to be settled whether France will treat with them. The general opinion, the grounds of which I do not know, seems to be that she will, but separate from Great-Britain.\nThe patriotic party indeed imagine, and I may add they hope she will not. It is to me a new thing under the Sun, to see a people anxious to be conquered, and praying for the success of their enemies; though not indeed in the spirit of Christian humility. This phenomenon, now discovers itself more and more to my view. Since my arrival here the intelligence has been generally unfavourable to the Allies. The king of Prussia\u2019s Peace is ascertained. Maestricht has capitulated, and Nimeguen is severely bombarded: at each of these several articles of news I have seen more than one Dutchman\u2019s eyes sparkle with pleasure, and I have observed countenances to fall at the transient rumours of successful sallies from both those Towns, which have been invented and propagated to cheer the sinking Spirits of the Orange party.\nBut the french have hitherto shewn no distinction between the parties in their Treatment of the conquered towns. They have discovered no propensity to favour the patriots and no particular animosity to the others: all have fared alike, and all have fared well. Their property has all been subject to the requisition of the Republic; and has been paid for in Assignats, but otherwise I hear of no occasion of complaint that has been given them by their conquerors.\nIf this system, so full of wisdom and moderation should be pursued by the french Republic, and she should continue carefully to avoid any interference in the internal affairs of this Country, she will certainly make no scruple at treating with the present Sovereign, and the constituted Authorities by obtaining Peace, may still secure the continuance of their own existence.\nThe terms she will be disposed to grant, will no doubt be hard, and a separate Peace might be extremely disagreeable to the House of Orange in particular. But when the Question is reduced to the alternative of Death or amputation, there can be but little hesitation in the choice\u2014\nIt becomes therefore very probable that in the course of the present Season a general peace except between France and Britain will take place; in which case the war for the future will probably be confined to the Sea, and the naval supremacy of the Island will be disputed more obstinately than it ever has been hitherto.\nAs the great object of political speculation at present is the proximity of Peace, I have dwelt upon the subject I fear even to tediousness. But in endeavouring to discover the position of the several parties, and the operation of interests at this moment from which you will be enabled to judge of the probable event much better than I can, I hoped you would excuse the minuteness which occasions my prolixity, as well as the freedom of my observations.\nIn my official correspondence with the Secretary of State, I feel a restraint owing perhaps to the natural awkwardness of novelty. The constant dread of committing some impropriety to the paper, prevents me from saying many things, which naturally flow from a confidential communication. If any facts or observations contained in my Letters to you, are in your opinion by any possible connection with the advantage of the public service, worthy of being known to the President, I have no doubt you will impart them to the Secretary of State. I have all possible confidence in him personally, and hope to acquire in time the habit of writing to him, with as much ease and freedom as is consistent with diplomatic decorum.\nI took the liberty of sending you from London, a new publication strongly recommended to me by our friend Stockdale, but the character of which I do not know. He said it contained a great number of interesting particulars relative to our neighbours the Indian tribes, and I thought it would afford you some amusement at least. I hope you will have received it when this reaches you. By the first opportunity from Amsterdam you will also receive the little Treatise of Martens, from Dear Sir, / Your ever affectionate Son \nJohn Q. Adams.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1581", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Thomas Chittenden, 9 November 1794\nFrom: Chittenden, Thomas\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nState of Vermont Novr. 9th. 1794\nI have the honour to transmit to Congress a Copy of a Resolution of the Legislature of this State approving of and ratifying the Articles proposed by Congress as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States.\nI am with sentiments of perfect esteem, Your Honour\u2019s / most obedient and / very humble Servant\nThos. Chittenden", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1583", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Samuel Meredith, 12 November 1794\nFrom: Meredith, Samuel\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nTreasury of the United States November 12th. 1794\nMy Account of Expenditures in the War Department for the quarter ending the 30th. June last having passed through the Offices, permit me, through you, to lay it before the Honorable the Senate;\u2014My other Accounts are at present at the Treasury for Settlement; as soon as they are completed, they Shall be immediately forwarded for your Inspection.\u2014\nI have the Honour to / be With perfect Respect / Sir, / Your most humble servant\nSaml MeredithTreas of the United States", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1584", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Joseph Priestley, 13 November 1794\nFrom: Priestley, Joseph\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nNorthumberland Novr 13. 1794.\nAs I presume you are now at Philadelphia, and I have an opportunity of writing by a private hand, I take the liberty to trouble you with a line, to thank you for the attention you paid to my friend, for whom I gave letters of recommendation to you when I was in England, and to beg your acceptance of a few of my publications, which Mr. Dobson will have directions to deliver to you.  In them you will see my reasons for leaving England, and I hope you will approve of them.\nYou will see that I do not come hither from choice, and that I only wish to be quiet, and pursue my studies without interruption, with the few advantages that I can expect in this country. I came to this place with a view to a large settlement in which my son was concerned.  But being come hither, and having, at a great risk and expence, brought my library and Apparatus hither, tho that scheme has failed, I cannot remove any more.   I like this part of the country as well as, I believe, I should any other, and indeed living in any of your large towns would be more expensive that I could afford.  One of the greatest inconveniences I find here is the want of an easy communication with Philadelphia, which I hope will be remedied in time.\nAt one time I was apprehensive that I should find more disturbance here than I left in England; but I now hope that in consequence of the seasonable and vigorous exertion of goverment every thing will be quiet.  Such was the spirit of this place, or rather of the lower class of people, that my baker refused to supply me with bread because I was understood to be against the erection of the liberty pole in this town, tho I have made it a rule to take no part whatever in the politics of a country in which I am a stranger, and in which I only wish to live undisturbed as such.\nIt is possible that in the Spring I may take a journey, and get as far as Boston. If so, I shall be happy to wait upon you at your own house. In the mean time, I am, with the greatest respect, / Dear sir, / yours sincerely\nJ. Priestley.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1585", "content": "Title: To John Adams from George Washington, 15 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir,\nSaturday 15th. Novr. 1794.\nI have not been able to give the papers herewith enclosed, more than a hasty reading;\u2014returning them, with out delay, that you may offer the perusal of them to whomsoever you shall think proper.\u2014\nThe picture drawn in them, of the Genevese, is realy interesting & affecting.\u2014The proposition of transplanting the members, entire, of the University of that place, to America, with the requisition of Means to establish the same,\u2014and to be accompanied by a considerable emigration, is important; requiring more  consideration, than under the circumstances of the moment, I am able to bestow on it.\u2014\nThat a national University in this country is a thing to be desired, has always been my decided opinion;\u2014and the appropriation of ground, and funds for it, in the federal City, have long been contemplated, & talked of;\u2014but how far matured;\u2014or how far the transplanting of an entire Seminary of foreigners, Who may not understand our language, can be assimilated therewith is More than I am prepared to give an opinion upon.\u2014or indeed, how far funds in either case, are attainable.\u2014\nMy opinion with respect to emigration is, that except of useful Mechanic\u2019s\u2014and some particular descriptions of men\u2014on professions\u2014there is no need of extra: encouragement:\u2014While the policy, or advantage of its taking place in a body (I mean the settling of them in a body) May be much questioned;\u2014for by so doing they retain the language, habits & principles (good or bad) which they bring with them;\u2014whereas, by an intermixture with our people, they, or their descendants, get assimilated to our customs, manners and laws:\u2014in a word, soon become one people.\u2014\nI shall, at any leisure hour, after the Session is fairly opened, have pleasure in a full and free conversation with you on this subject, being with much esteem & regard / Dear Sir / Your Obedt. Servt\nGo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1586", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Edmund Randolph, 16 November 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia Novr. 16. 1794\nI could not resist the impulse of my long affection for Geneva, to postpone for a moment the papers, which you were so obliging as to send me last night. Its fate is truly afflicting and injurious to humanity.\nThe transplantation of its academy would fill up a vast chasm in the Education of the United States.  For I do not believe, that a complete system is to be found in any state, and I doubt, whether it could be collected even by piecemeal in all the states.\nBut what can be done? Congress have no lands at their disposal, on the South side of the Ohio. Science requires too many aids from civilized life to flourish on the north.  Or if it could flourish there, the position would be too remote for the great mass of the United States\u2014Nor are these the only difficulties; for the questionable power of congress to make such a donation, and the crisis of the times, might perhaps restrain some of the warmest zealots for literature from gratifying the Genevese.\nThe ability of individual states to furnish lands, in a proper situation, is as little incompetent, as that of the United States; and the legislatures of some of them, not knowing the value of learning, would be disgusted with the project, as being, what they would call, an aristocratic establishment. It is possible too, that some of the best intentioned legislatures might entertain peculiar ideas of the policy of concentrating into one spot foreigners, whose ideas of government may differ widely from the spirit of our own, and whose talents must obtain a certain degree of ascendancy. Their defective knowledge of our language I consider, as no objection.\nTo the utmost of my faculties, I would welcome them to our country with the most zealous hospitality. But the assurances of individuals ought not to be calculated upon, when they have so much at stake, and are really of no importance in forwarding their extensive scheme. If there be individuals, who could cooperate with effect, they are Mr. Robert Morris, Mr. John Nicholson, and Mr. James Wilson of this city, who are proprietors of immense territories.\nI am persuaded, however, that, if the professors of high character were to come over, some openings might be found in old academics; new professorships might perhaps be created; and perhaps new colleges might perhaps be raised; and thus they might be disposed of separately.  This must be the case, if they go into Germany; which is contemplated as the alternative asylum.\nIn so interesting an affair, as this, I never undertake to advise; but confine myself to facts. If however I were to offer an opinion for the consideration of Mr. D\u2019Ivernois, it would be, to adopt a settlement in Pennsylvania or the F\u0153deral city, on the best terms, which can be obtained.  Farther south, than the one, or north than the other, would not, I think, satisfy his extensive views.  But if a distinct establishment be not in their his reach, let them open schools, under in different places, under the patronage, which will certainly be extended to them by the friends of humanity and science.\nI have the honor to be dear sir, / with great respect & regard yr. mo. ob. sert.\nEdm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1588", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 17 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, John\nMy dear Sir\nAmsterdam November 17. 1794.\nThe day before yesterday, I had my Audience of the Stadtholder and delivered him my credentials. He enquired after you, mentioned the time of your arrival here and that of your acknowledgment and reception asked me if I was not here with you, and whether I did not study at Leyden.\nYesterday I came here by the Schuyts through Leyden and Haerlem; I had not been here an hour before I was informed that General Eustace, an American citizen, had been arrested in the morning by order of the magistracy, and that his papers had been seized, and sent to the Hague.\nThis day one of his friends here applied to me, requesting me to interpose in his behalf. Nothing exceptionable was found it seems among his papers, and he expects to be soon released.\u2014I shall endeavour to see him to-morrow, but I do not see what service I can render him, and am under some embarassment how to conduct in respect to his situation. He has served as a general in the french service, since their war with this Country, but affirms that he resigned his command, and withdrew from their service immediately upon his receiving the President\u2019s proclamation, declaring the neutrality of the United States.\nUnder these Circumstances there is certainly some plausible reason for the government here to assign in justification of themselves for arresting him; and I can only sollicit his release as an indulgence, even if nothing exceptionable should appear among his papers.\nHe is however as a Citizen of the United States, entitled to every proper exertion on my part, for securing to him the privileges of our neutrality, as far as he has not personally forfeited his right to them.\nSince I wrote you last Nimeguen has capitulated, and the french troops have crossed the Wahal. The army that has been for two months employed in beseiging Maestricht is now released, and their next attack is expected to be directed against Breda and Geertreydenberg.\nIt is not certain that the king of Prussia has made a separate Peace, but he is of no service to the allies in this Country. A reinforcement of Austrians was expected, and had actually advanced into Guelderland; but have fallen back again. Whether from the apprehension of not being able to make the junction, or on account of negotiations supposed to be pending between the Emperor and France, is not ascertained.\nIn a very curious political memorial lately published, from the manuscripts found in the cabinet of Louis the 16th. a copy of which I shall send you, the writer speaking of Holland, says \"Elle a peur de tout, souffre tout, se plaint de tout, et ne se garantit de rien.\" This is indeed a very exact description of her present situation. She fears every thing, and has every thing to fear. She suffers every thing; for between her allies and her enemies she finds scarcely any other difference than the name. She complains of every thing, for in every thing she has cause of complaint; and yet in the midst of all her distress and danger she guards against nothing. The Patriots, so called, scarcely conceal their wish to be conquered, and the partizans of the present Government curse their allies, but do not so much as lift a finger in their own defence.\nThey seem to think that an Orange cockade in their hats is equivalent to the most heroic self-devotion, and so far are they from thinking of any personal sacrifice or exertion, that they can scarcely be induced to lend a stuyver of their money. The Stadtholder some time since opened a loan for two or three millions of guilders; it has not filled even to the sum of five hundred thousand. I leave you to judge what is to be expected from such friendship as this.\nI have seen one of the Messrs: Willinks\u2019, and delivered to him your letter, together with the obligations and coupons, one of which, it seems, has drawn a prize of a thousand guilders in the last Lottery, as those Gentlemen have already written you.\nI shall write again by an early opportunity, and in the mean time remain in all duty and affection your Son \nJohn Q. Adams.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1589", "content": "Title: From Commissioners of the Sinking Fund to United States Congress, 18 November 1794\nFrom: Commissioners of the Sinking Fund\nTo: United States Congress\nPhiladelphia Novemr. 18th: 1794\nThe vice President of the United States and President of the Senate, the Chief Justice, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General respectfully report to Congress as follows:\nThat pursuant to the act entitled \u201cAn Act making provision for the reduction of the Public Debt\u201d and in conformity to resolutions agreed upon by them and severally approved by the President of the United States, they have since their report dated the sixteenth of december 1793, caused purchases of the said debt to be made through the agency of Samuel Meredith, to the amount of One hundred and thirty nine thousand and seventy-seven dollars and eighty eight cents, for which there have been paid in Specie One hundred thousand and sixty one dollars and seventy six cents.\nThat pursuant to the act entitled \u201can act supplementary to the act making provision for the debt of the United States\u201d and in conformity to resolutions agreed upon by them and severally approved by the President of the United States, they have also caused purchases of the said debt to be made subsequent to their said report of the sixteenth day of december 1793, to the amount of One hundred and six thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars and thirty seven cents, for which there have been paid eighty five thousand eight hundred and thirty two dollars and ninety one cents in specie.\nThat the documents accompanying this report marked B, C, D & E, shew the aforesaid purchases generally and in detail, including the places where the times when, the prices at which and the persons of whom, the purchases were made.\nThat the documents marked A, shew the proceedings of the accounting officers of the Treasury in respect to the settlement of an account for the expenditure of fifty thousand dollars in purchases, which were stated in our former report, at the date of which the said settlement had not been completed.\nThat the purchases now and heretofore reported amount together to two millions two hundred and sixty five thousand and twenty two dollars & fifty seven cents, in Stock, for which there have been paid in Specie, one million five hundred and eighty one thousand three hundred and twenty three dollars and sixty seven cents, as will be more particularly seen by the document marked F.\nOn behalf of the Board John Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1590", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 18 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir,\nAmsterdam November 18. 1794.\nThe bearer, Major-General Eustace, after having served with great honor and reputation in the Armies of France, retired from that service on receiving the Presidents Proclamation, declaring the Neutrality of the United States, & is now upon his return to America.\nIt is with great pleasure that I introduce to your acquaintance, and recommend to your attentions a Gentleman of so much merit, and so capable of giving the most accurate and useful information, relative to the state of affairs, as well in France, as in this Country, where I wish he had more reason to be satisfyed with his reception.\nI am Sir, very affectionately, your Son.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1591", "content": "Title: From John Adams to Thomas Welsh, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Welsh, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia Nov. 19 1794\nI thank you for your kind Letter. The Elections in Massachusetts have done honour to the Principles and Dispositions of the People. The Error of my old Friend is no surprise to me, for although I knew his the Abhorence of Jarvis in his heart, I have lately seen his Versatility in so many Instances, that his Character, always Subtle  fine and and Slippery, is now become lubricated to a degree Susceptible of almost any Refinement in Casuistry. Old Cato Said \"Corrupta civitate corruptio est licita\"\u2014others have Jona. Sewall Said from Mandeville I believe\nWhen it is to combat Evil\n\u2019Tis lawful to employ the Devil.\nI could never reconcile these Maxims to my Judgment or my Feelings. But I know a Man who always Seem\u2019d to think, that the End Sanctified the Means. Was Boston understood to be the Horse and Dedham the Cart? or was the State Government the Horse and the federal Government the Cart? or was the Town the Horse & the Country the Cart? To Day We shall have the Presidents Speech. I hope We shall have a peaceable Session. Rebellion is not the Ton, for the Moment, nor is War a la mode, in this Country.\nThe Sour Fog that I see in the Street and feel even here at my Fireside, almost gives me the Ague. I will never vote again for meeting before the Constitutional Day. A London November is not more Suicidical. All the World on Mountains and in Valleys, in Plains and Cities have had the Ague this Way. Oh that I was out of the Region of it.\nI Salute your Fireside & am / as ever \nJ.A.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1592", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Petrus Franco van Berckel, 19 November 1794\nFrom: van Berckel, Petrus Franco\nTo: Adams, John\nSir,\nPhilada. Novb. 19th. 1794.\nIn Consequence of Your recommandation of Mr. John Green, I have furnished him with a Letter of introduction to the Governor of Surinam requesting Him to do in behalf of Mr. Green, whatever his duty and the laws which He is obliged to maintain, will admit of.\u2014At all events I have no doubt but the Governor will assist him with His best advice.\nBeing happy to be serviceable to an honest Man, I feel at the same time a gratification in having it in my power to assist a person recommended by You.\u2014\nI have the honor to be very respectfully / Sir, / Your very humble and / Most Obt. Servant.\nF: P: van Berckel", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1594", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Jan Willink, 20 November 1794\nFrom: Willink, Jan,Willink, Wilhem\nTo: Adams, John\nSir!\nAmsterdam 20 Novr. 1794\nWe rec\u2019d with pleasure your respected favor of 12 Sepr: by your Son John Quincy Adams Esqr: & heartily congratulate your Excelly on his nomination, We shall always esteem ourselves happy to manifest the Regard we entertain for you, & endeavour to concile ourselves yr: Sons friendship: & to conserve yours to which we Recommend ourselves.\u2014\nWe have exchanged your 20 Obl: and conform your direction handed five Obl: to Mr. J: Q. Adams five Do: to him as Trustee to his Brother Mr: Charles & five to Mr. Thomas Boylston Adams, keeping the five remainder subject to your orders.\u2014\nInclosed please to find yr: acc: by whh. a ballance is Due to us \u0192 176.13. which we\u2019ll find out of the first Coupons Falling due\u2014You\u2019ll observe we charge therein the Amount of two Obl: of the Bank of the U.S. procured for you.\u2014\nWe give yr: Excelly the pleasing Intelligence of a prize of \u0192 1000 Drawn on your Obl: of the 4 PC. Loan No. 1023. for which an Obl: will be procured for you, not Doubting but the whole management is to yr: satisfaction.\u2014\nPlease to receive the assurance of our sincere Regard & esteem with whh we have the honor to be / sir / your Excells. most Obt. & Humble Servants\nWilhem and Jan Willink", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1595", "content": "Title: From John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 21 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia Nov. 21, 1794\nI am desired by our old Acquaintance Mr D\u2019Ivernois to transmit you the inclosed Papers for your inspection Opinion and Advice.  The poor Fellow has been obliged to fly a Second time into Banishment. The first time, he was driven out as a Democrat: but it is now, Day about, as they Say, in Geneva, and he is compelled to run, as an Aristocrat.\nShall We print his History? What Shall We do with his Academy?\nI have Spent my Summer So deliciously in farming that I return to the Old Story of Politicks with great Reluctance. The Earth is grateful. You find it so, I dare say.  I wish We could both say the Same of its Inhabitants.\nWhen will the Crisis of this fever in human Nature be over, and in what State of Health will it be left? Solitudinem faciunt, Libertatem appellant.\nVirginia I hope will send Us Some good Senators, we grow very thin. I begin to think the Senate Scarcely numerous enough for so large a People. But this is not a time for Changes: We must go on as well as we can. Make my Compliments, if you please to your Daughters, whom I had once the Pleasure to see, and for whom I retain much Esteem. I am, sir / with great Regard, your / most obedient\nJohn Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1596", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Jay, 21 November 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nLondon 21 Nov. 1794\nFrom the Day of my appointment to this mission, my Attention has been much withdrawn from my friends, and confined to the Business which brought me here; & which has at last been terminated by a Treaty.  In future I shall have more Leisure to attend to my Friends, and to my own affairs\u2014\nBoth your sons arrived here in good Health.  I wrote to my friend John lately, but as yet have not had a Letter from him.  I ascribe this to his Prudence. In such Times and under such Circumstances much ought not to be written.\u2014Holland is in a sad way\u2014\nIt may seem extraordinary, but the fact appears to me to be, that this Nation has never been more united in any War than in this.  Circumstances may press them to listen to Propositions of Peace, but not without Reluctance.  If the War should continue, I think we may easily avoid being involved in it.\nI write in too much haste to make this Letter interesting, by Remarks on the Treaty\u2014They might be entertaining, but to you not necessary\u2014\nWith sincere Esteem and Regards / I am Dear Sir / Your friend & hble Servt.\nJohn Jay", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1597", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Edmund Randolph, 21 November 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Adams, John\n(Private)Dear SirPhiladelphia Novr. 21. 1794.\nI am extremely unwilling, that the department of state should become the vehicle of letters to congress, the contents of which may be improper, and the authors of which perhaps ought to have addressed themselves to the executive, rather than the legislature. Inclosed are two sealed letters, which have been forwarded to the President. He cannot open them, because they are addressed to the members of congress; nor ought they, at a hazard, to be transmitted thro\u2019 him.  Be so good, as to favor me with your opinion, what shall be done with them; and to believe me to be / with great respect and esteem / Dear sir / yr. mo. ob. serv.\nEdm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1598", "content": "Title: From John Adams to George Washington, 22 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John,United States Senate\nTo: Washington, George\nSir:\n22 November 1794\nWe receive with pleasure your speech to the two Houses of Congress. In it we perceive renewed proofs of that vigilant and paternal concern for the prosperity, honor, and happiness of our country, which has uniformly distinguished your past administration.\nOur anxiety arising from the licentious and open resistance to the laws in the western counties of Pennsylvania, has been increased by the proceedings of certain self-created societies, relative to the laws and administration of the government\u2014proceedings, in our apprehension, founded in political error, calculated, if not intended, to disorganize our Government; and which, by inspiring delusive hopes of support, have been influential in misleading our fellow-citizens in the scene of insurrection.\nIn a situation so delicate and important, the lenient and persuasive measures which you adopted, merit and receive our affectionate approbation. These failing to procure their proper effect, and coercion having become inevitable, we have derived the highest satisfaction from the enlightened patriotism and animating zeal with which the citizens of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, have rallied around the standard of Government, in opposition to anarchy and insurrection.\nOur warm and cordial acknowledgments are due to you, sir, for the wisdom and decision with which you arrayed the militia to execute the public will; and to them, for the disinterestedness and alacrity with which they obeyed your summons.\nThe example is precious to the theory of our Government, and confers the brightest honor upon the patriots who have given it.\nWe shall readily concur in such farther provisions for the security of internal peace and a due obedience to the laws, as the occasion manifestly requires.\nThe effectual organization of the militia, and a prudent attention to the fortifications of our ports and harbors, are subjects of great national importance, and, together with the other measures you have been pleased to recommend, will receive our deliberate consideration.\nThe success of the troops under the command of General Wayne, cannot fail to produce essential advantages. The pleasure with which we acknowledge the merits of that gallant general and army, is enhanced by the hope that their victories will lay the foundation of a just and durable peace with the Indian tribes.\nAt a period so momentous in the affairs of nations, the temperate, just, and firm policy that you have pursued, in respect to foreign Powers, has been eminently calculated to promote the great and essential interest of our country, and has created the fairest title to the public gratitude and thanks.,\nJOHN ADAMS,Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1599", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Moses Robinson, 22 November 1794\nFrom: Robinson, Moses\nTo: Adams, John\nSaterday Novr 22d 1794.\nMr Robinson Respectfully presents his Compliments to the Vice President with Information that he is So unwell by Reason of taking a Suden Cold. he is not able to attend the Senate to day\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1600", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Jay, 24 November 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nLondon 24 nov. 1794\u2014\nI wrote you a few Lines last week\u2014This Morning I was favored with two Letters from your Son of the 14 & 20th. of This Month\u2014Parents are gratified by hearing of or from Their children\u2014The former Letter was Dated at The Hague\u2014The latter at amsterdam\u2014He had been recd. and acknowledged by The States General, and on the 14th had \u201ca gracious audience of The Stadtholder.\u201d\u2014In his last Letter there is This Paragraph\u2014\u201cIt is here said That on The Meeting of Parliamt. The King of Great Britain is to mention in The Speech from The Throne, The Signature of a Convention for the Settlemt. of The Differences with america.  This Intelligence is extremely grateful to The Merchants engaged in the american Commerce here, who are anxiously sollicitous for the Event of your Negociation; and whose Curiosity is proportionable to Their anxiety\u201d\u2014Before your Son left us I submitted to his Consideration the Draft of The Treaty, as it Then stood\u2014\nwith real Esteem and Regard I am / Dear Sir / Your Friend & Servt\nJohn Jay\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1601", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Giuseppe Ceracchi, 25 November 1794\nFrom: Ceracchi, Giuseppe\nTo: Adams, John\nHome Tuesday Morning 25 Novber. 1794\nMr Ceracchi\u2019s respectfull compliments to the Wise President, and takes the Liberty to beg him to present the annexed Medal to Mrs: Adams, he hopes that this Respectable Lady in honor him with her acceptance, will tink it as a very small degree of the high estime that he intertones for the sobjet reppresented in the Medal, as well as for his family.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1602", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Thomas Pinckney, 25 November 1794\nFrom: Pinckney, Thomas\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir,\nI inclose to you a letter received under Cover from Colo: Humphreys and with it another for Baron Munchhausen which you will oblige me by forwarding by Post to its Address.\nI am with sincere regard / My dear Sir / truly yours\nThomas Pinckney", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1603", "content": "Title: To John Adams from William Vernon, 25 November 1794\nFrom: Vernon, William\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nNewport Rhode\u2013Island 25th Novemr. 1794\nI hope the Length of Time since I had the Honor of paying my Respects to you, will be no Objection to your granting my present Request, that is of great Consequence to me\u2014\nIn the Month of May last I had a Concern in the Ship Ascention, Saml. Chase Master, which enter\u2019d the Harbour of the Havanna with 198 Negroes, where they were sold, principally upon a long Credit, to the Amount of upwards of 23,000 Dollars and the said Ship return\u2019d Home to Newport in July\u2014therefore it is become absolutely necessary to send the Ship back, in Order to receive Payment for this large Sum, in Molasses, and the other Produce of the Island\u2014\nThe Owners of the Ship think that she will not be permitted to enter the Port without a special Licence from their Excellencys, the Commissioners from the Court of Spain to the United States of America; In Order to obtain that Permission they present a Memorial to their Excellencys, which I have taken the Liberty to inclose; and hope through your kind Influence it will be granted\u2014\nThe Bearer, Captn Joseph Gardner, we have sent especially upon this Occasion, to whom we have given the Merchants Acct. Sales and Acct. Currt. at the Havanna, to produce as Vouchers to our Petition.\u2014As the Ship goes empty we would offer to carry One Thousand or Five Hundred Barrels of Flour for the Government, at the very lowest Freight; and as the Season is too far advanced to send the Ship to New York or Philadelphia, we will be at the Expence of freighting said Flour from New\u2013York to Newport.\u2014If this may be thought serviceable in obtaining the Permission we will chearfully comply therewith.\u2014Captn. Gardner will pay any Expence that may arise on this Affair.\nI am with every possible Regard and Respect / Your most obedient, & / most humble Servant\nWm. Vernon\nP.S. I was inadvertently drawn into this Adventure, and shall think my self happy, in obtaining my Property again, which is too much to loose.\nWV.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1605", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Donald Fraser, 29 November 1794\nFrom: Fraser, Donald\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\u2014\nNew York Novr. 29th 1794\u2014\nThe bearer, Mrs: Fraser, will deliver you a copy of the Second impression of the \u201cYoung Gentleman & Lady\u2019s Assistant.\u201d A work which You were, originally pleased pleased to countenance with Your Subscription; and now, in its improved state, appears honored with Your approbation.\nIt is highly gratifying to me, to have this Small attempt, to promote the interest of the rising age, patronized with you by Such an illustrious Character;\u2014whose name will be long remembered, with applause, in this Enlightend land of Liberty! Where, virtue, talents, & Patriotism alone entitle men to places of public trust & honor.\u2014\nAccept Sir,\u2014of my most hearty thanks, for Your polite condescendsion, on this & a former occasion;\u2014that You may long very long, continue, to merit, & receive, the confidence & approbation, of Your Enlightened fellow Citizens\u2014Is the Sincere wish of Sir, / Your most obedient & obliged / humble Servant\u2014\nDonald Fraser", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1606", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Joseph Priestley, 29 November 1794\nFrom: Priestley, Joseph\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nNorthumberland Nov 29 1794\nYou are indeed very kind in expressing your wish to hear from me when all I can do is to ask favours. As You mention your readiness to assist me with respect to arrangements in the Post Office, I will take the liberty to inform you of our situation in that respect.\nThe state Post goes no farther than from Philadelphia to Reading, and Mr Williamson of the Genasee undertakes to carry the letters farther. Between both we now pay 1.6 sd for a single letter, and 1 \u00bd Cent for a News paper; whereas a while ago the former charge was 1 s, and the latter 1 Cent. Besides the Post Master at Reading is much complained of for inattention to the duties of his place, and to my certain experience justly.\nNow I am persuaded that if the state would undertake to bring the letters to this place, if the post was regular, and the charge moderate, it would answer very well.  At present the charge is so high, and the conveyance so uncertain, and tedious, that all persons take every opportunity of sending letters by private hands; when, if the case was different, they would all prefer the regular post.  But tho there should for the present be some loss to the state, it would not be of long continuance, and the gain in one place should compensate for the loss in another.  Could we have a Coach or a coach\u00e9e, to carry parcells, and passengers, as well as letters, it would be a great convenience and benefit to the country, and in time would pay for any reasonable expence attending it.  We sometimes talk of petitioning the legislature on the subject.  Could you give us any assistance in the business, you would confer a great obligation on me who am so much interested in the conveyance of letters and small parcells.\nIt is, indeed, Sir as you observe an aweful crisis in which we live.  What I think on the subject you will see in the Sermon to which I referred you.  One extreme naturally produces another.  But I flatter myself that since truth and right have a great advantage over their opposites, the present conflict of opinions, and of arms, will terminate in a better system than any that has hitherto prevailed.  But the struggle I fear will be extensive and dreadful. Happy they who, looking to an overruling providence, can calmly wait the issue, endeavouring to lessen prejudice and violence on all sides, and contribute what they can to enlighten the minds, and improve the morals of their fellow creatures.\nWith the greatest respect, I am, / Dear Sir, / your sincerely\nJ. Priestley", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1608", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Charles William Frederic Dumas, 30 November 1794\nFrom: Dumas, Charles William Frederic\nTo: Adams, John\n\t\t\t\t\tMonsieur,\n\t\t\t\tL\u2019arriv\u00e9e de Messieurs vos fils, & de l\u2019honor\u00e9e v\u00f4tre du 11e. 7br. qu\u2019ils m\u2019ont remise, a \u00e9t\u00e9 une apparition bien agr\u00e9able pour moi, qui suis presque moisi d\u2019\u00e2ge & de solitude.\u2014Mon amiti\u00e9 leur est acquise & par leurs chers parens, & par leur propre m\u00e9rite: je voudrois pouvoir leur en donner les preuves les plus fr\u00e9quentes; mais vous savez combien je suis noir \u00e0 certains yeux, auxquels je ne desirerai jamais de paro\u00eetre blanc.\u2014Je crois fermement que la providence fera finalement tourner \u201cen bien\u201d les troubles de notre monde moral, come elle fait tourner en bien les volcans & les tremblemens du physique. En attendant, en me t\u00e9moignant que les Am\u00e9ricains sont heureux, vous me rendez aussi heureux qu\u2019on peux l\u2019\u00eatre o\u00f9 je suis. Dieu les b\u00e9nisse de plus en plus par la D\u00e9mocratie la mieux repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e possible.Je vous f\u00e9licite, Monsieur, d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9livr\u00e9 de cette truande de fievre dont vous avez eu \u00e0 vous plaindre. Puissiez-vous, avec Madame Adams, \u00e0 qui je pr\u00e9sente mes meilleurs respects, jou\u00efr, au milieu d\u2019une florissante post\u00e9rit\u00e9, de toutes les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions qui peuvent pr\u00e9c\u00e9der l\u2019imortalit\u00e9.\u2014Ma famille, sensible \u00e0 votre obligeant souvenir, partage mes voeux, & le respect avec lequel je suis, / Monsieur / Votre tr\u00e8s-humble & / tr\u00e8s-ob\u00e9issant serviteur\n\t\t\t\t\tCwf Dumas", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1609", "content": "Title: From John Adams to Giuseppe Ceracchi, 2 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Ceracchi, Giuseppe\nPhilad. Dec. 2. 1794.\nIl Vice-Presidente degli Stati Uniti presenta i suoi complimenti a Mr. Ceracchi: ha ricevuto e trasmetter\u00e0 a Mr. Adams come richiesto un medaglione in marmo in elegante cornice dorata. Mentre egli ammira la durevolezza della materia e la squisitezza dell\u2019arte, non pu\u00f2 che dolersi che esse non venissero piuttosto impiegate ad immortalare qualche altra testa pi\u00f9 meritevole di esser tramandata alla posterit\u00e0.\nTranslation\nPhiladelphia Dec. 2, 1794\nThe Vice-president of the United States presents his compliments to Mr. Ceracchi: he has received and will transmit to Mrs. Adams a medallion in marble in an elegant gilded frame. While he admires the durability of the material and the delicacy of the art, he regrets that they do not immortalize some other head more worthy of being transmitted to posterity.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1610", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 3 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, John\nMy Dear Sir\nThe Hague December 3. 1794.\nI enclose herewith a letter from Mr: Dumas, which he requested me to transmit. The old Gentleman\u2019s health appears to be very good, and he looks not older than he did when you saw him last. But oppression has had its proverbial effect upon him, and he can write think nor talk about any thing but representative democracy and Joel Barlow.\nLast Week at Leyden I saw our old friend professor Luzac, who is at this time Rector Magnificus of the University. He received us with great cordiality, and I found him in his political sentiments moderate and rational. The instance is rare, and accordingly he suits neither of the parties in this Country. The \"Tories call him Whig, and whigs a Tory,\" Because he neither wishes to be the slave of the ruling power, nor to see his Country liberated by means of being conquered.\nThere has been much talk about Peace; sometimes with, sometimes without mediation. one day Sweden and Denmark are to be joint mediators; the next the United States alone are to perform that part. This moment we are told the Baron de Stael has left Stockholm; and the moment after we find it is Mr: Jay who has gone from London to Paris. Amidst all these reports, there is no real prospect of Peace whatever.\nIf The affairs of this Country had not been so often retrieved from the very brink of the precipice, I should think them at this moment absolutely desperate. They all think them so, and Mr: Fagel the greffier has been at London ever since I arrived here, to solicit ineffectually their inexorable ally to join in a negotiation for Peace.\nThe subserviency of these people to the will of Great-Britain is not at this time altogether voluntary. They cannot disencumber themselves of their protectors. It is their misfortune to be defended by thirty thousand allies who would be more fatal as enemies than they are serviceable as friends. There is but a single step in the transition, and from the conduct of the british troops, one would imagine they had already taken it. It is hardly possible to conceive how much their assistance is dreaded. The Cities shut their Gates against them; all ranks of people equally detest and shun them, and with what Justice I am unable to say the unpopularity of the commander is not less conspicuous than his rank.\nAs I do not hear of any vessel for Philadelphia, we shall reserve the Martens, and one or two other recent publications to send to Boston, where we suppose you will be after the 4th: of March.\u2014We shall write however by every opportunity.\nThe british Ambassador here, Lord St: Helen\u2019s, alias Fitzherbert, did not return my visit of notification.  he gave an entertainment yesterday, intended for the Duke of York, who was expected here but did not come. The Court of the Stadtholder assisted at this Entertainment. The Ambassador sent me an invitation. I sent him for answer that I was engaged, as was really the fact.\u2014I shall see him no more.\nThis circumstance is in itself so trivial that I have not mentioned it to the Secretary of State, in my Letter of yesterday to him. I do not wish to commence a diplomatic career by splitting hairs of etiquette.\nYet I am desirous that the circumstances should be known to Mr Randolph\u2019s, and to the President. If you will please to communicate it to the former, the object will be answered.\nI am Dear Sir in all duty and affection, your Son. \nJohn Q. Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1612", "content": "Title: From John Adams to Charles Carroll, 10 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Carroll, Charles\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia December 10 1794\nThe Bearer of this Letter William Cranch is a Nephew of mine, and to me very much like one of my sons, and I should therefore think my self, in a sort, wanting in parental affection if I suffered him to go to Anapolis, without a Letter of introduction to you.  He is destined to settle at least for some years in the Federal City, to the Prosperity of which, his Education, Talents Application and Virtues, may make him very Useful. Permit me to solicit your Patronage in his favour in proportion to his merits.\nSome of our most important Characters are imitating your Example, by retiring from the national Government. It is indeed so tedious anxious, irksome and unthankful a service, that I wonder We do not all resign and go home.\nThank God, We did, by dint of hard Battles, last Winter, preserve Peace, and at present there seems little disposition for War. The fit is over.\nI hope in time to be as happy upon my farm as you are, though mine is but a speck and your is an Empire: But whether that should happen or not, I shall ever be, my Dear sir / your Friend and servant\nJohn Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1614", "content": "Title: To John Adams from M\u00e9d\u00e9ric Louis \u00c9lie Moreau de Saint-M\u00e9ry, 15 December 1794\nFrom: Saint-M\u00e9ry, M\u00e9d\u00e9ric Louis \u00c9lie Moreau de\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nphiladelphia 15th Xre. December 1794.\nWe dare Recommend to your Goodness, our new Establishment in this city. a man who Seeks So carefully about the happiness of his native country, a man who by his works fixs his pride to Instruct his countrymen, owes perhaps a parcel of Benevolence to one enterprise directed towards human felicity.\nWe are with the utmost respect / Sir / of your Excellency / the very obedient & very humble / servants.\nMoreau de St. m\u00e9ry & Co.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1617", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Henry Marchant, 19 December 1794\nFrom: Marchant, Henry\nTo: Adams, John\nDear and honored Sir,\nNewport Decr. 19th. 1794\nI venture again upon the Score of your Candour and Friendship, at the Commencement of another Session of Congress, to draw upon You, for some share of that Time, which I hope more important Concerns, will suffer You to bestow; at least I solicit for the Crumbs which may fall from the political Table.\u2014During the Recess from the last Sessions, the Ship has been tossed by violent Gales, and the Crew have been roughly handled.\u2014The very Captain has been threatned;\u2014His Zeal, Knowledge, Prudence, Power, nay His very Heart and Intentions have been questioned, in a Cause wherein His own Honor, Fortune and Life have been interested, equally, if not more than all the People on Board.  But the Ship has nearly weathered the Storm, and those who blew it up, begin to sink in Their Hopes, and fall back into the Cloud They had produced.\u2014It is to be lamented that after Days spent, warning upon a Question of Decisiveness,\u2014The Executive and the Senate, should not find Themselves more decidedly supported;\u2014and every Hope destroyd of Jacobin self-created Societies.  I hope however They may not derive much Courage from the Manner in which the Subject has been handled, or in which it finally stands\u2014If Chief Justice Jay should be mainly successful; I think the Enemies to Our Peace, will be totally overthrown.\u2014The Convention of France seem to be drawn into a Necessity, of soon comeing to a full Tryal with the Jacobins.\u2014The Decission must be most important;\u2014more so than any Battle fought against the foreign Powers opposed to Them.\u2014\nPray may we learn what are the two Features of Judge Jays negotiation;\u2014may we expect a satisfactory settlement of the Posts?\u2014And in the Issue of legal Decissions, if Captors,\u2014Their Bondsmen &c are unable to render Satisfaction,\u2014or Tricks shall have been played off, by inadequate Valuations of Property condemned &c, will the Government of Britain yield the Satisfaction justly due?\nIf at any Time I ask improper Questions, You will answer them or not, or in such Manner as you please:\u2014No improper use however will be made of them;\u2014Nor Your Name committed\u2014\nA British Subject files a Libel before a Court of Admiralty here, setting forth that on the 27th. day of July 1794. He was Owner of a certain Brig & Cargo.  That on the high Seas duly presenting her Voyage; She was chased and taken into Custody by the Master, Mariners and Marines of two armed Vessells, by Persons to them unknown\u2014That afterwards on theday ofthe P. Brig was brought into the Dist. ofunder the Care of J. B. as Master thereof,\u2014That the said Brig was afterwards on theday ofsold atwithin said Dist. for the Sum ofby order of the sd. J. B. and the neat Proceeds thereof put into the Hands of W. P. and are now remaining in His Hands;\u2014and even further, that since the 5th. day of June 1794, one of the said Vessells called the S. was wholly and originally fitted out, and that the Force of the other of said Vessells called the S. P. was increased and augmented by adding to the number of Guns and Gun Carriages on Board the same at the Port of C. in the Dist of S.C. with an Intent to be imployed in the Service of the Repo. of France to cruise and commit Hostillities upon the Subjects of the King of G. Britain, with whom the U.S. are at Peace; And on the same 27th. day of July 1794. there was on Board the said armed Vessells as Mariners and Marines diverse Citizens of the U.S. to wit on Board the Vessell called the S.P.12, and on Board the sd. Vessell called the S.21 all of whom were entend on Board the same Vessells at sd. C, since the sd. 5th. day of June 1794. and were aiding and assisting in the taking of the said Brig; And praying Restoration out of the Proceeds arising from the sd. Sale, and that the sd. W.P. be compelled to give Caution to pay the Money, if Restoration shall be adjudged &c.\nUpon the foregoing Statement, is the same Cognizable by the Admiralty Courts of the U.S.\u2014And if Cognizable, and the Facts should be well supported, ought Restoration to be adjudged?\u2014\nI have a Petition upon Your Table lodged at the last Sessions;\u2014This Application was very disagreable to me, but I found an absolute Necessity for it, unless I would either beggar my Family, or reduce myself to a Condition of living, not only much below the \u0152conomical Prudence of former Times, but lay myself under a denial of every social Friend to my Table.\u2014I did hope to preserve my hard Earnings in my Profession, for the small Advancement of my Family, or Their Support when I should be called from Them;\u2014but I have been obliged to spend every Farthing of the Profits of my private Interest in the Expences of my Family, restricted in Our Expences more than it ever had been. And how moderate that had ever been, Our Members in Congress well know.\u2014Every Person living by Salaries, must have experienced the rapid strife of the necessaries of Life to, at least 25 per Cent: Unhappy is the State of Widows and Orphans and those who live by the Interest of Their Money or on Salaries;\u2014And I expect, what with the unmerited Abuse, and the Neglect experienced by the Servants of the Publick, all who are honest and do not speculate, or peculate, will be driven from Their Offices.  This I will endeavour to bear up against, while I have any good Company with all the Fortitude in my Power. But my Petition is not grounded on the general Evil or Calamity; but in what I presume was a Mistake, or for want of Information at my first Appointment, or rather when the Salary for the Judge of this District was first fixed.\u2014We had no Members in Congress,\u2014This state was under a Cloud; It\u2019s Productiveness to the Preveance was not properly conceived of;\u2014nor the Proportion of publick Business which It\u2019s Officers would have:\u2014Yet the House of Representatives at that Time put the Salary at 1000 Dollars;\u2014A mere Motion in the Senate without the least Argument or Discussion reduced it to 800 Dol: as appears by Your Journals.\u2014I wish your perusal of that Petition and your Opinion of its Merits and Success.\u2014If the Principles I have stated in it are right, there is the most forcable Reason as I conceive, that I should be considered for the past, as well as the future.\u2014Should it be said I ought to have applied before, Our Members can answer, that my Application to Them, was made long ago; but such has been the Multiplication of Business publick and private; that They modestly from Time to Time gave way under the Apprehension, it would finally make no Odds on that Score.\u2014However the Matters stated in my Petition may strike Others; They are Facts, and strike my Mind (interested indeed) very forcably\u2014If I can be placed upon a just Proportion as to living with my Brethren;\u2014I will struggle with Them as before observed in the general Disadvantages, till I find I cannot live by what the publick may afford me, with my own Resources:\u2014But I wish Congress to sever the partial Situation I am in, as I conceive from a Want of proper Information and Representation at first, from the general Inconvenience all Officers under Salaries are under\u2014\nYou will kindly excuse this disagreable Subject.\u2014I have hitherto been sparing upon it; and do not mean to repeat it.\u2014If Mrs. Adams is with you, I beg you to present mine, and my Familys Respects to Her\u2014With unremitted Regard and Respect I am dear Sir, your sincere / Friend and Servant\nHenry Marchant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1618", "content": "Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 21 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Adams, John\n5.Dear Sir\nThe Hague December 21st. 1794.\nI hear of a vessel to sail in two or three days from the Texel, and cannot lose any opportunity to write you directly from hence at this time; as the severity of the season will in all probability soon close the rivers and suspend the expedition of any more vessels for a month or two.\nBut I have nothing very material to say. In my letters as well to the Secretary of State (which I am afraid have been longer if not more frequent than he will think was necessary) as to yourself hitherto, I have endeavoured to give a view of the present state of parties, opinions and measures of this Country at the present moment. Upon this subject there is nothing to add and as to the article of news, I shall soon cease writing any thing relative to it; since I find that the intelligence which might be supposed to bear the best marks of authencity is as frequently erroneous as any other.\nWe have at this moment a rumour which has darted like lightening through the whole Province of Holland, and which is propagated in such a manner, that there can be no doubt but it is indirectly countenanced by the Court It is that two Commissioners are appointed to proceed immediately to Paris for the negociation of a peace, and Mr: Brantzen the former Ambassador extraordinary in France, and Mr: Repelaar a burgomaster of Dort, are named as the persons. This intelligence is probably not true; but it is affirmed with the most undoubting confidence by people connected with the court, and has given great Spirits to the Orange partizans.\nI say it is probably not true, because it is hardly conceivable that Britain should consent to a separate negociation on the part of this Country, or that she should join in a general negociation as yet. and it is equally difficult to suppose that the Court here, that is the governing power should so far disencumber itself from british thraldom, as to negociate separately and in a public manner for peace without their consent.\nTo say that the Government of Great Britain has great influence over the counsels of this Country, would be inaccurate. The observation that Louis the fourteenth had great influence in France, or Frederic the Great in Prussia would be thought ridiculous.\nIn my Letter to the Secretary of State (N. 13.) I have stated the motives which operate to maintain this british efficacy, at a time when the circumstances of the Country so imperiously command a peace with the french republic: and have explained as clearly as I can the singular concurrence of events which has reconciled the policy of the ruling power with the most ardent wishes of the patriotic party.\nBut the adherents of the Stadtholder who are not immediately dependent upon him or his family, and those whose principal property is not in the british funds, are not satisfied with that extreme devotion to an ally which would involve their ruin in the continuance of the war. They loudly call for Peace, which necessarily implies the abandonment of their present alliance; and it is found expedient to amuse them with expectations, which in all probability it is never intended to realize.\nThe report of a truce upon the Waal, at the request of General Pichegru is connected with that of the Commissioners to go to Paris, and is equally suspicious. About ten days since, an attempt was made by the french army to cross that river in several different places but without success. The season begins to grow severe; the canals through the country are already closed; the weather still continues cold, and a few more such days as the present may construct a bridge for the french army which will make it impossible to prevent their passage. In that case there is little doubt but they will advance as far as Utrecht.\nAmong the difficulties with which the Government is compelled to struggle, the want of money is one of the most important. The weight of taxation with which these Provinces are burdened in ordinary times is well known to you. It has already been aggravated to the extremity of sufferance, yet the public treasury is empty. The public credit of course is proportionably impaired. The obligations of the Province of Holland, which you have always known at par and generally higher, have depreciated to 55 and even 50 per cent. New loans have been attempted and totally failed. The dangerous and extreme resource of a paper currency has already been resorted to, and an emission of five millions of guilders has taken place to supply the impending contingency of public payments. The circulation of this paper it is said will be voluntary as to the people in general, and compulsive only upon the people persons in office. But this regulation must be intended only to facilitate the introduction of the paper to the public, and there is little reason to doubt that its acceptance in all payments will be enforced very soon by the sanction of the Law.\nBut if this republic is so nearly much exhausted, that of France appears to be nearly in the same condition. The price of several necessary articles of life published in the Paris papers proves the fact, even with every proper allowance for the depreciation of the Assignats. The scarcity of bread at this early period after the produce of the Harvest, is unquestionably great in many parts of that Country; probably in all. The parties in the Convention, become more and more inveterate against each other. The Jacobins though suppressed have left a powerful party behind them. Peace upon honourable terms with all the combined powers except Britain is professedly the object of the moderates, and amid the discordant symptoms of the public opinion, their system appears upon the whole to be the most popular.\nI have as yet received no Letters from America. As the present situation of this Country may perhaps in some measure interrupt a direct communication from thence, I must urgently solicit you to write me by the way of England. Please to enclose your letters under cover either to Mr: Pinckney or Mr: Johnson our Consul at London As long as the present state of affairs continues, that will probably be the most expeditious mode of conveyance.\nI  perceive that the Dutch Resident at Philadelphia does not write to his constituents so frequently, nor give them so particular accounts of American affairs, as would be necessary to give them entire satisfaction. If he is well disposed towards our Country, and would be likely to make a just representation of things I could wish he had some friend who should in a delicate manner intimate this circumstance to him. It would certainly render him a service, and might be useful to the interests of the United States. If he has prejudices against us, it may be as well to let him receive the knowledge of this fact from his employers. I shall submit to your judgment whether it is proper that it should be known to the President, and the Secretary of State from me. I have not mentioned it in my official Letters, nor confidentially to any person but yourself, from the consideration which I think is due from me to the person holding the station in America correspondent to my own in this Country. If you think the communication can be of any public utility, I must request of your goodness to make it, and can only add the assurance that I am with invariable duty and affection / Your Son \nJohn Q. Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1619", "content": "Title: To John Adams from Pierce Butler, 25 December 1794\nFrom: Butler, Pierce\nTo: Adams, John\nSir\nCharleston Decbr. the 25th. 1794\nI had the honor on my arrival in this City the 22d. Inst, to receive Your letter, Covering a desire of a Number of Gentlemen of Senate.  The great respect I bear these Gentlemen woud induce a prompt compliance with their requisition, if my state of health, and the inclement season woud Admit of my traveling to Philadelphia\u2014I observe by the Public Print\u2019s that there is a Quorum\u2014I can not then be missd\u2014\nWishing You the Compliments of the Season, and many happy returns of it I have the honor to be with great respect / Sir / Yr. Most Obedt. Servt\nP Butler", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Adams/99-02-02-1620", "content": "Title: From John Adams to Fran\u00e7ois Adriaan Van der Kemp, 30 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Van der Kemp, Fran\u00e7ois Adriaan\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia Decr. 30. 1794\nI received this morning, your kind favour of the 9th. of this month dated at Kempwick at the Oneida Lake. Your Letters always give me Pleasure, both as they contain interesting Reflections, upon public Affairs and as I take an interest in every Thing that relates to yourself and your family, believing as I do, your inflexible Integrity and wishing you every Prosperity.\nI am very glad, the Council of Appointment, have made you a Judge and that you have accepted the Appointment, because I believe you will do honour to them and service to the state, and the United States.\nI have not a Copy of the Discourses on Davila and I know not where to find one, except in a Volume of Fermo\u2019s Gazette which he presented to the senate. If I knew how to procure you the sight of them I would chearfully do it, because you discover a curiosity to see them.\u2014They have never been thought of any Value. They never were taken any notice of, by the Public. They are forgotten except by you, and you had better not be singular.\nIf the History of All Ages and Nations coinciding with the known Constitution of human Nature, could bring \u201cthe Doctrine of The Defence to the greatest degree of moral Evidence, the Example of France would not be necessary for that Purpose. Experience is lost upon Men. Les sottises des Peres sont perdues pour leurs Enfans. Il faut que chaque generation fasse les siennes\u201d so Said the late King of Prussia, and Solomon in all his glory never wrote a more certain Truth.\nYou have uttered an Awful Truth. I tremble when I transcribe it. \u201cThree Years longer continuance of this Anarchical Despotism and the hopes of enjoying civil and political Liberty, will be lost forever for more than twenty Millions of Men.\u201d\nI Say with you \u201crather the laborious Life of a forgotten Farmer, in the Town of Quincy, than all the Splendor of this World, whether at Paris or Philadelphia.\u201d\nYou need not ask me Permission to grant me favours, for such are sincerely esteemed every Letter from you, by your / real Friend\nJohn Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0434", "content": "Title: Articles of Agreement Between Alexander Hamilton and Robert Elliot and Elie Williams, 1 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Elliot, Robert,Williams, Elie\nTo: \nPhiladelphia, January 1, 1794. \u201c\u2026 This Indenture witnesseth, that \u2026 Alexander Hamilton, for and on behalf of the United States of America, and \u2026 Robert Elliott and Elie Williams for themselves, their Heirs Executors and Administrators have mutually covenanted and agreed \u2026 as follows: First, that the parties of the second part \u2026 shall supply, and issue as many Rations to consist of the articles herein after specified as shall be required of them for the service of the United States, for and during the year, one thousand Seven hundred and ninety four, at the respective places and prices herein after declared.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0439", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, [3 January 1794]\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, January 3, 1794]\nSir\nI have the honor to inform you that there is a tariff or table of duties, free articles &ca. established by the Government of France which must throw great light upon your enquiries of the 1st. instant. This document must doubtless be in the Secretary of States office and could be furnished for the necessary time by Mr. Randolph. Mr de la forest shewed me a copy of it but he has since departed from the U. S.\nTobacco has been excluded from the farmers general\u2019s monopoly, which object was much pressed by the Marquis de la Fayette, and by the most intelligent Merchants & planters of the U. S. It was some time ago placed under an extra duty of 6\u20b6. 15s. \u214c 100 lb. french weight, which however was preceeded by a greater tonnage here on french ships in the same trades, than on our own, and by 10 \u214c Ct. more duty on goods in french ships than in our own. This duty of 6\u20b6. 15s. however has been since reduced, considerably and I believe it now stands at 2\u20b6. 10s. \u214c 100 lb, french, equal to about a Louis d\u2019or \u214c hhd. This, if it were in Specie, would be a very serious matter, & so it was probably intended but we are considerably favored by the deprecition, this a circumstance hardly contemplated by the french Legislature.\nI understand that the state of duties, prohibition, &ca. in the late report of Mr. Jefferson were exhibited in Notes to the different foreign Ministers\u2014tho I do not know how far the statement was confirmed by them, but this I presume could be ascertained in your next conference with Mr. Randolph.\nI shall pursue the enquiry directed by you but as I have heretofore obtained much of my information from three public & private french gentlemen now dead or absent, and as I do not know the present consul of France I have not yet been able to satisfy my mind. In the mean time I thought the above information might be useful.\nI have the honor to be, sir \u2003 Yr. Most obedt. Servant\nTench Coxe\nJanuary 3d. 179[4]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0441", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [4 January 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, January 4, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury, to whom was referred, by the President of the United States a Letter from the Minister of the French Republic to the Secretary of State, dated the 21st instant, respectfully makes the following, Report.\nThe Minister observes, that it results from the report of the Secretary of the Treasy. that upon an accidental error, the interests of the French republic and the character of it\u2019s representative were compromitted by a refusal to accept drafts, delivered to the agents by whom they were supplied, for sums due to the republic; adding to this observation, the further one, that it seems to him that a like measure meritted the most serious attention, and that he knows not by what name to call the negligence which was committed in this respect.\nThis asperity of remark might, it would seem, have been prevented by a due attention to circumstances and facts. It was stated, in the report to which the minister refers, that the error in question was the mere mistake of the Clerk charged with registering his drafts, as they were presented at the Treasury. It will not be alleged that this was not the proper business of the Clerk, and all that could be expected from the head of the Department, or the officer having in his place the principal direction, is, that there should have been due care in selecting the person to whose immediate agency the duty was entrusted. To this point there was no want of attention. The clerk selected had been long tried in public business and has a well established reputation for fidelity and accuracy. This officer is himself persuaded, that in the instance, which occasioned the demur, no error was committed; and firmly believes, that the convenience of parties had produced an alteration in the bill, after it was noted by him. But this surmise of his has been rejected, and it has been taken for granted & admitted, that there was a mistake on his part; though, as no mark was set upon any bill presented and noted, that admission was founded on considerations, in which candour & delicacy governed. No palliation of the mistake will be attempted to be derived from topics connected with any derangement of the course of business resulting from the late calamitous condition of the City of Philadelphia, nor from the absence of the Secretary of the Treasury from the seat of Government for the recovery of his health, when the incident deemed so exceptionable took place.\nThe hesitation about the registering of the bills, which appeared to have been overdrawn, was a mere consequence of the first mistake.\nThe main object of the registry of the bills, was to ascertain for the satisfaction of holders, that there were funds in the treasury, subject to the payment of them, and to secure to those holders a priority, in the event of there being an overdrawing. It was therefore a matter of course that the registry should cease, as soon as itself shewed that the amount of the bills presented equalled the amount of the fund destined for satisfying them. Being the proper and regular guide to the officers of the Treasury, they could not but be expected to follow it.\nAll that could be asked (if a mistake happened) was, that the consequences of it should be corrected as soon as the mistake was discovered\u2014and this was in fact done. Nor did more than a week elapse before the drafts, which had been suspended on account of the mistake, were recognized & admitted.\nBut it is suggested by the Minister, that tho\u2019 the error was rectified, the injury which it occasioned, has not been cured. That event, it is asserted, has furnished to the ill disposed, and to the enemies of the French republic, a powerful mean of hurting it\u2019s cause, by alarming the merchants & ruining the credit of it\u2019s agents.\nIf this assertion were better founded than it is, it would only afford room to regret the consequence of an involuntary error. But whatever injury the credit of France in this Country or of her agents may have sustained, it is to be traced to other sources. More adequate causes can be assigned for it. The assertion which has been made calls for a specification of those causes.\nThe first of them was, the disappointment of our Citizens in not receiving payment of bills to a large amount furnished to them by the administration of St. Domingo, with assurances of being paid here by the agents of France; at the same time that it was known, that these agents had obtained from the Government of the United States, funds adequate to such payment, which had been applied to other objects. In mentioning this circumstance it is only intended to note the fact, and it\u2019s effect\u2014not to question the propriety of the application which was made of the funds.\nAnother, and a far more powerful cause, was, the refusal of the present Minister to pay certain bills, which had had the positive sanction of his predecessor; diverting from that destination funds which were understood to have been appropriated to it\u2014and this too in contravention of his own arrangement with the Treasury.\nThese bills had, like those first mentioned, been drawn by the administration of St. Domingo. But they had in addition been virtually accepted by the late Consul of France, in concert with it\u2019s then minister & in conformity with an understanding between the latter & this Government.\nThe arrival of the present minister devolved upon him the disposal of the unfurnished residue of the funds which had been promised to his predecessor. An early opportunity was taken to intimate to him the reliance of the Government, that the bills accepted as above, and unpaid would be satisfied by him out of that residue. He gave, without hesitation, a correspondent assurance, & on the 3d. of June last addressed to the Secy. of the Treasury, a letter in the following terms (viz:). \u201cI pray you to put hereafter in the disposition of Citizen Bournonville, Secretary of Legation of the Republic, the funds destined to the acquittal of the drafts of the Colony of St. Domingo, according to the order of payment settled between you & my predecessor.\u201d\nA part of these funds was accordingly put into the hands of Mr. Bournonville, in expectation that they would be applied as had been agreed. And upon the enquiries of some of the holders of the bills at the Treasury, in whom apprehensions had been excited, they were assured that they need not entertain any, as it was the known intention of the present Minister to fulfill the engagements of his predecessor; and that funds had been furnished to him for taking up the bills which were falling due.\nThe Minister afterwards deemed it necessary to change the destination of these funds, as he announced in his letter of the 18. of June to the Secretary of State, and in fact refused payment of the bills.\nThis measure, of a nature destructive to credit, had the effect, which was to have been anticipated.\nThe very expedient of registering at the Treasury the drafts of the minister, was rendered necessary by a pre-existing bad state of credit. It engaged the treasury to nothing more than to secure to those, who presented bills, a preferrence against others, to whom subsequent drafts might be given, overrunning the fund for payment; and was devised to facilitate to the Minister an auxiliary mean of credit, of which he stood in need.\nThese unquestionable truths demonstrate, that there is no room to impute to the consequences of the mistake, which was committed, any deficiency of credit which may have embarrassed the operations of the minister.\nBut it is a further truth, that if his credit has suffered by the refusal of the treasury to admit his drafts, it is chiefly to be referred to the draft for 20,000 Dollars predicated upon the fund to be at the disposal of France in January; which was finally refused, because not authorised by any previous arrangement between the Government and the Minister.\nThe temporary demur about other bills speedily abandoned and explained, could not have had an influence, bearing any proportion to that of the ultimate refusal of the above mentioned bill.\nAs far as this refusal may have had a prejudicial operation, \u2019tis imputable wholly to the irregularity of having drawn the bill, not only without the consent of the Government, but even contrary to an intimation from it; in a case too in which it was free to refuse.\nThat it was with the consent of the Government, will not be pretended. The Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury to the Minister, of the 24 of July, accompanying his former report on the subject, excludes all plea of constructive or implied consent.\nThat is was contrary to an intimation from the Government, results from the following facts.\nThe Minister by a letter of the 14 of June to the Secretary of State, communicated the intention of giving to those, who should furnish him with supplies, \u201cdelegations,\u201d or assignments of the debt to France in payment; desiring, as a pre-requisite to this operation, that the Treasury should be instructed to come to a speedy adjustment with him, of the account of the debt from the United States to France.\nTo this suggestion the Secretary of State, by a letter of the 19 of June, (after assuring him that instructions would be given for the settlement of the account) replied as follows\u2014\u201cIn the mean time, what is further to be done, will doubtless be the subject of further reflection and enquiry with you, & particularly the operation proposed in your letter will be viewed under all its aspects. Among these, we think it will present itself as a measure too questionable both in principle & practicability, too deeply interesting to the credit of the United States, & too unpromising in its result to France to be found eligible to yourself. Finally we rest secure that what is of mutual concern will not be done but with mutual concert.\u201d\nWithout mutual concert, without even an intervening consultation for that purpose, the Minister thought proper to issue his \u201cdelegations\u201d or drafts upon a fund not embraced by any previous arrangement: and he now makes it matter of complaint that these \u201cdelegations\u201d were not registered. Was it to have been expected that the treasury should become the passive instrument of a measure so irregular\u2014so unwarranted?\nBut the Minister in justification of the step, makes two observations.\n1. That as the 300,000 livres due the first of January are the interest of the Loan of 6,000,000 made by France to the United States in 1783, the reimbursement of which are not [to] commence \u2019till 1797, he can see no motive, that could arrest the payment of the interest of that sum at the epoch stipulated, as long as there was due to France an equivalent.\n2d. That supposing the payments, which have been made by the Treasury, to exceed the amount of the sums due, he has always been firmly convinced that these advances (to which the urgent wants of France had forced a recourse) would be applied to the extinction of the debt taken in totality; a measure perfectly agreeing with the clause inserted in the different contracts, which expresses that the United States might, if they judged proper, liberate themselves sooner than the epochs fixed by those Contracts.\nThese observations admit of obvious answers. \u2019Tis affirmed on our part, and the Minister seems himself to be sensible of its truth, that our payments hitherto exceed the sums demandable by the terms of our Contracts. It may be taken for granted, that this is the case beyond the amount of the interest of the 6,000,000 accruing in January. The United States are at liberty to consider the excess as an anticipation of the capital of the Loans; but they are not bound to do so. They have an option to do that, or to set it off against the interest accruing on the unpaid residue of the debt. The universal course of business will justify them in the latter and their contracts say nothing to the contrary. Not having declared a different option, they were free to pursue that alternative, and consequently, as has been said, to refuse the drafts of the Minister, predicated upon the January interest.\nThe circumstances which he notices, of the reimbursements of the 6,000,000 loan not commencing \u2019till 1797, cannot affect this conclusion. These reimbursements so postponed relate to the capital of the debt; & that postponement of course cannot bring into question the propriety of setting off against the interest, annually payable, sums advanced beyond those which were antecedently due.\nThe conviction of the minister, that the advances, which might have been made, would be deferred towards the final extinction of the debt, could be no rule to the treasury, as long as it had not been authorized by any assurance from the Government; or when it was recollected, that the propriety of a mutual previous concert, about whatever was not a matter of course, was indicated to him, not only by the reason of the thing, but by unequivocal declarations.\nIn fact, whether the course on which he declares himself to have relied could have been pursued or not depended on circumstances; that is, on the means which should exist of making intermediate payments and postponing the advances to an ulterior arrangement; a point at this moment unascertained, from causes which have heretofore been disclosed.\nBut the Minister not only hazarded his credit, by drawing without a previous arrangement the bill for 20,000 dollars, payable out of the January interest\u2014he hazarded it likewise by actually overdrawing the funds placed at his disposal in September & November last; so that if no mistake had occurred at the treasury, he might have been exposed by his own conduct to consequences which in that respect happened by accident.\nThe Secretary now proceeds to the demands contained in the memorial of the Minister \u2014these are.\n1. That the state of the account of the United States with France be presented with the least possible delay.\n2. That the sums, which may have been advanced to France, beyond those which were demandable on the terms of the Contracts, be applied to the extinction of the debt taken in totallity.\n3. That, provisionally, and until the state of the account can be determined, the Secretary of the Treasury be authorized to register the \u201cDelegations\u201d or drafts, which the Minister shall have occasion to issue, to the extent of Five millions Tournois.\nWith regard to the first point\u2014the account is now in a course of adjustment between the Comptroller, on the part of the Treasury, & Mr. Bournonville on the part of the Minister. There are some points which require a mutual adjustment before they can be fixed definitively. A correct view of the account cannot be presented \u2018till these points are settled. That done, it shall be immediately laid before the President.\nWith regard to the second point, the Secretary is of opinion that a determination concerning it cannot now be made. The adoption of the Minister\u2019s proposition would amount to an agreement to pay the accruing instalments at the periods stipulated in the contracts, though the advances which have been made should exceed them. But such an agreement cannot safely be entered into, because it is now problematical whether the Executive will be possessed in time of funds which can be applied to that purpose, without neglecting objects of positive obligation and essential to our credit\u2014as has been already explained & communicated.\nWith regard to the third point\u2014the answer to the second is an answer to this also. If rightly understood this proposition depends upon the second. It appears necessary first to ascertain what is to be paid & when it is to be paid, before any sanction can safely be given to the proposed \u201cdelegations\u201d or drafts. This pre-supposes a settlement of accounts & a further view of our pecuniary prospects.\nAll which is respectfully submitted.\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury\nTreasury DepartmentJany 4. 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0442", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 4 January 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTD C O Jany 4. 1794\nSir\nThe question whether Stock standing on the books of the Treasury & the Loan Offices respectively, is liable to attachment, being yet undecided, I judge it necessary to apprise you, that consequences unfavourable to the public Credit, are to be apprehended.\nThe most considerable Credits which have been attached are those standing in the names of John Warder & Co & Donald & Burton; and the Creditors who have attached are Robert Morris, Edmund Randolph, Andrew Clow & Co. & John Henry Cazenove & Co. In cases where it was made satisfactorily to appear, to these Gentlemen, that sales had been made bona fide, previous to their attachments they have without difficulty relinquished their claims by attachment, & the transfers have been accordingly made; this voluntary arrangement obviated all material difficulties, untill since the dissolution of the house of Andrew Clow & Co.\nSince that period, the gentlemen charged with adjusting the concerns of the House have supposed themselves not to be authorized to relinquish any legal rights which had been acquired; of course no relinquishments from them can now be obtained.\nThe Stock thus arrested, is of a considerable amount, and I have no doubt that in many instances when transfers are demanded, the property has been fairly alienated. I need not dilate upon the bad consequences which must be produced to the public credit by this state of things especially in foreign Countries & must therefore request, that your influence may be exerted to furnish a suitable remedy.\nI have &c\nHon A H", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0443-0001", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Philip Schuyler, 5 January 1794\nFrom: Schuyler, Philip\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nAlbany Jan: 5th 1794\nMy Dear Sir\nWe are Alarmed at the state of my Dear Elizas health, nor are we without apprehension on your Account, from what you say in  Your letter of the 26th. ult: I fear much from the incessant application which you are under the necessity to give to the business of your department, increased as It of consequence must be, whilst Congress is in session. I have hitherto been much averse to the determination you mentioned to me, but when I reflect on the danger which your health is exposed to, an[d] the incompetent reward for the most Arduous and important Services, and the chagrin you experience from the weakness or wickedness of those you have to contend with, I am reconciled \u27e8to your\u27e9 Intentions.\nI hope the real friends to liberty and good order will not suffer themselves to be entraped by the wily arts of those who wish for confusion that they may fish in troubled waters, and yet I have much apprehension as the honest and well meaning are seldom very seldom sufficiently on their Guards.\nAs the ballance against this state would not have been so extensive If the Executive and his incompetent Auditor, had severally done what was incumbent on them, as their neglect has already been hinted to the public, I believe that side of the question will not promote much Stir on the Occasion, and I do not conceive that It will be difficult to prevent the other from doing It.\nI am advised that a credit in my favor is lodged in the branch bank of NYork for the purpose of purchasing goods for the six nations of Indians. If you have written me on the Subject the Letter has miscarried, or is still on Its way to me.\nAdieu My Dear Sir, we all join in those wishes which affection dictate.\nYours ever &c.\nPh: Schuyler\n\u27e8Col\u27e9o Alexander Hamilton Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0443-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: [Account of Funded Stock on the Books of the Treasury], March 1794\nFrom: \nTo: \nAn Account of Funded Stock on the Books of the Treasury, on which Attachments have been Laid.\nTime when notice of the Attachment was given at the Office.\nBy whom attached.\nProprietors of the Stock.\nSix &\u214c Cents.\nThree &\u214c Cents.\nDeferred.\nDollars.\nCents.\nDollars.\nCents.\nDollars.\nCents.\nRobert Morris.\nJohn Warder & Co.\nAug: 21st:\u2003\u2002\u2003 3 Minutes past\u2003\u2002\u200310. A: M:\nEdmund Randolph.\nJohn Warder.\nApr: 11th:\u2003\u2002\u200330 Minutes past\u2003\u2002\u20034. P: M:\nRobert Morris.\n\u2003\u201c \u2003 \u201c 30 Minutes past\u2003 12. at noon\nAndrew Claw & Dav: Cay.\nDonald & Burton.\n\u2014 Ditto. \u2014\nJames Brown.\nNo Stock.\nComptrollers-Office, March \u2003 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0444", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Ebenezer Stevens, 5 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Stevens, Ebenezer\nTreasury DepartmentJanuary 5th. 1794\nSir\nYour letter of the 26 of December is received. The sum you mention per Month appears high for the object. From a calculation made here it is concluded, that Two thousand five hundred Dollars would be a large allowance upon an \u0153conomical arrangement. If the French Minister should express to the Government a desire that this sum per Month should be furnished for such a purpose, I take it for granted it would be complied with.\nWith esteem I am Sir \u2003 Your obedient servt\nEbenezer Stevens Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0445", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 6 January 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department,Revenue Office January 6th. 1794.\nSir,\nThe House of Representatives having directed in March last, that a return exhibiting certain details relative to the Revenue arising from Spirits distilled in the United States and from Stills, should be made to them by you on the first Monday of the Current Month, I have the honor to reiterate to you the measures, which have been taken to procure in time the necessary materials.\nOn the fifteenth day of March last a number of printed Copies of the Resolution of the House, was transmitted to each of the Supervisors, annexed to an equal proportion of Copies of instructions from this Office, calculated to produce immediate attention to the Subject, and a punctual transmission of the requisite documents. It appeared expedient to prepare a considerable number of Copies of the letter containing the resolution and the instructions, in order to facilitate and expedite the Communications from the Supervisors to the subordinate Officers in their respective districts. To ensure the earliest attention to the business, copies of the same were transmitted to certain of those subordinate Officers, who, from the residence of their respective Supervisors, were subjected to delays and hazards in their official Correspondence. Altho it was obvious, on the perusal of the resolution of the House of Representatives, that a punctual transmission of the ordinary returns and Accounts relative to this branch of the Revenue would enable the Treasury to make up the required document; yet it appeared absolutely necessary from obvious considerations that it should be the Subject of particular communication and instruction.\nNotwithstanding these measures, and other subsequent requisitions of a like nature, it does not appear to have been within the power of several of the Supervisors to transmit either the ordinary returns and Accounts of the Revenue business for the necessary term (which ended on the 30th of June last) nor the occasional documents conforming with the views of the House, and designated in the accompanying instructions from this Office.\nIt is necessary, in justice to some of the Supervisors, to observe that the impediments are partly the opposition to the Revenue from a very small proportion of the Citizens of the United States, and partly the intrinsic difficulties attending the Collection of the numerous small returns of the duty accruing on Stills, and on Spirits distilled in places other than Cities, Towns and Villages under the existing provisions of the laws relative thereto.\nI have the honor to be with great respect, Sir \u2003 Your most obedient Servant\nTench CoxeCommissioner of the Revenue.\nThe Secretary of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0446", "content": "Title: Proposed Presidential Message to Congress Concerning Revocation of Edmond Charles Genet\u2019s Diplomatic Status, [6\u201313 January 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, January 6\u201313, 1794]\nSince the application, which was made to the Government of France, for the Recall of its present Minister, that Minister has furnished new and material causes of dissatisfaction with his Conduct. But these occasions of offence have hitherto passed without particular notice; in the hope that it would not be long before the arrival of an order of Recall would terminate the embarrassment\u2014and in the desire, inspired by sentiments of friendship and respect for his Nation, to avoid as long as possible an Act of extremity toward its Agent. But a case has occurred, which is conceived to render further forbearance inconsistent with the dignity and perhaps the safety of the United States. It is proved, as will be seen by papers now transmitted for the information of Congress, that this foreign Agent has proceeded to the extraordinary length of issuing commissions in the name of the French Republic to several of our citizens, for the purpose of raising, within the two Carolinas and Georgia, a large military force with the declared design of employing them, in concert with such Indians as could be engaged in the Enterprize, in an expedition against the colonies, in our neighbourhood, of a Nation with whom the UStates are at peace.\nIt would seem, likewise, from information contained in other papers, herewith also communicated, that a similar attempt has been going on in another quarter, namely the State of Kentucke; though the fact is not yet ascertained with the requisite authenticity.\nProceedings so unwarrantable, so derogatory to the sovereignty of the UStates, so dangerous in precedent and tendency, appear to render it improper that the person chargeable with them should longer continue to exercise the functions and enjoy the privileges of a diplomatic character.\nThe supersedure of the exercise of those functions, nevertheless, being a measure of great delicacy and magnitude, I have concluded not to come to an ultimate determination, without first placing the subject under the eye of Congress.\nBut unless the one or the other House shall in the mean time signify to me an opinion that it is not adviseable so to do, I shall consider it as my duty to adopt that measure after the expiration of  days from this communication.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0447", "content": "Title: Report on Domestic and Foreign Tonnage for the Years 1789, 1790, 1791, and 1792, [7 January 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, January 7, 1794Communicated on January 8, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to the Order of the House of Representatives of the 3d. instant, Respectfully Reports.\nThe Statements A & B herewith transmitted. The Statement A exhibits a comparative view of the Domestic and Foreign Tonnage, aggregately taken, according to the inward Entries at the several Custom-Houses, with an extension to the year 1789, as far as that was embraced by the Regulations of the United States, and also to coasting and Fishing Vessels, which gives an entire View of the progress of our Navigation from the time the Laws of the present Government began to operate, to the end of the year 1792. It was presumed that the additional matter contained in this Statement, though not within the letter, was within the general intent of the Order of the House.\nThe Statement B is added to present the Subject more in detail for the years 1791 and 1792, the forms of the Treasury not permitting the carrying this Statement further back, without greater delay than would probably comport with the object of the order.\nThe other Statement required by the order is in a Course of preparation and is expected to be ready by the Close of this or the commencement of the ensuing Week; but not being within the general results of the Treasury forms, and requiring recourse to a number of distinct documents, it demands more time than was requisite to the other Statements; and it was imagined, that it might be more satisfactory to the House to receive them separately, than to wait for the preparation of all.\nAll which is humbly submitted.\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury DepartmentJanuary 7th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0448", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, [8 January 1794]\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Boston, January 8, 1794] \u201cBy the 61st: Section of the Act intit\u27e8led\u27e9 \u2018to provide more effectually for the collection of duties &c\u2019 \u2026 it is necessary that the importer should be the exporter to intitle him to the suspension of his bond. A practice is now crept into Existance which creates a vast deal of confusion & delay in doing the business in this office for most of the importers come & say that they are the exporter when in fact we have reason to believe that they are not.\u2026 I wish to Ask Whether the importer can with propriety tender himself as the exporter.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0450", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Gardner, 9 January 1794\nFrom: Gardner, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Portsmouth, New Hampshire, January 9, 1794. On January 22, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Gardner: \u201cI duly received your letter of the 9th inst.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0452", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 10 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, January 10th, 1794.\nE. Randolph begs the favor of Colo Hamilton, to inform him, whether the bills mentioned in a note the other day, on Amsterdam for the use of our ministers, be attainable? Mr. Marshall is going to England in a day or two, and E.R. wishes to inform them of the supply.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0454", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Samuel Hodgdon, 11 January 1794\nFrom: Hodgdon, Samuel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[January 11, 1794. On January 13, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Hodgdon concerning \u201capplications similar to yours of the 11th instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0455", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Medad Mitchell, [11 January 1794]\nFrom: Mitchell, Medad\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[New York, January 11, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury will pardon a Man who no longer considers himself an American, for this address to his feelings, his honor, and his humanity.\nThere was a time when Patriotism induced me to lay open the intrigues of a foreighn Court, at that time poverty made me desperate, and what I laid, before the Secretary, was the efforts of the greatest industry, that distress coud extort from an ambitious Man. As I have never recieved any emolument for the attempt of throwing any new light on the subjects treat[ed] of, I rely upon his honor not to expose me, on the contrary, I expect his soul spurns at the Idea. And that he will return the sacred truth addressed to Colonel Walker for the Honble Baron de steuben. It is not necessary for me to explain my motiv for leaving my Country the second time, A Country for which my father bled, and which I have served. A great Man, cloathed with power, and who will make no contemptible figure in the Annals of his Country was the cause of it. I am too small a man to resent it, unless a fit of desperation shoud drive me to commit what I shudder to think of. I hope that the Secretary will pardon me for this Language, and do me the Justice to believe, that I entertain a high esteem for his Character. Altho his enemies multiply with a rapid pace, I ever contradict their Calumnys, Beleiving that he has a thirst for \u201chonest fame\u201d, But that he never speculated upon the Cloathing and amunition of our present Army. These things are said of some of our greatest Men, and farther, that by a connection with the Court of St. James, that our western Army has been sacrifised, as well as the interest of the Atlantic States. I cannot believe all this, But I well know a most ruinous policy has been pursued in the Indian war. Mr. Sargant and others advice has been too well attended to, and you may rest asured that Wayne will have a second Melancholly tale to tell the Public. Genl. Knox has been so unkind as to call me a rascal &c\u2014he advanced Sixty Dollars for certain purposes\u2014he like a Great Man quarreled with me afterwards. I deposited the money in the hands of an old Veteran, who has lost his leg for want of a sent. of Common understanding. It remains for him, perhaps when systems change, he may want it, and his children suffer for the indignity offered a poor and Virtuous Man. My friends will find that I am no flatterer, and my enemies shall find, that I am brave.\nWith esteeem I am the Secretarys Most Obedient and most humble Servant\nM Mitchell\nNew York 11th 1794.The Secretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0457", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 13 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\nTreasury Department, January 13, 1794. \u201c\u2026 applications similar to yours of the 11th instant should pass through the office of the Secretary at war\u2014whence they will come to the Treasury.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0458", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Rawle, 13 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Rawle, William\nTreasury DepartmentJaunary 13. 1794\nSir\nInclosed you will find the Copy of a letter of the 4. instant from the Comptroller of the Treasury.\nThe subject of it is particularly interesting to the public Credit. I request that you will adopt such prompt and efficacious measures as you shall deem advisable to bring the point of the liability of public Stock to attachment to a determination in the Court of the U States.\nHaveing heretofore consulted Wm Lewis Esqe on the point you will please to confer and Cooperate with him.\nAll reasonable expences will be defrayed at the Treasury.\nI am with Consideration &c, \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your Obt. Servt.\nA Hamilton\nWm Rawle Esqr Attorney of theDistrict of Pennsylvania", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0459", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Daniel Parker, [13 January 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, January 13, 1794 Communicated on January 14, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by the House of Representatives the Memorial of Daniel Parker, respectfully makes thereupon the following Report.\nThe Suggestions contained in the Memorial do not appear to be of a nature to call for a readjustment of the Account. The probability of peace within the Year was an event to have been calculated upon on both Sides in forming the original Contract\u2014the loss of Vouchers is the misfortune of the party, of a nature to be equally an Obstacle in a new, as in the former Settlement.\nBut there are Circumstances which may render it the interest of the United States to compound the debt. It is understood that all the Debtors have been in a State of insolvency. It is now not certainly known what is the condition of the Memorialist. This may demand further enquiry.\nIn the mean time, if it should appear to Congress adviseable to vest somewhere a power to make a Composition of the debt, it would probably be conducive to the Interest of the United States.\nWhich is humbly submitted.\nAlexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasury\nTreasury DepartmentJanuary 13th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0461", "content": "Title: Cabinet Meeting. Opinion on Writing to the King of Prussia Concerning the Marquis de Lafayette, [14 January 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry,Randolph, Edmund\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, Jaunary 14, 1794]\nAt a meeting of the heads of departments at the President\u2019s, on the fourteenth day of January 1794.\nIt was propounded by the President, whether in consideration of the eminent services of M. de la Fayette, to the U. S. and his present sufferings, it be not adviseable for the President, in a private, and unofficial character, to address to the King of Prussia a letter, requesting his release on parole, founded on motives of personal friendship only. The opinion is, that such a letter is proper to be written.\nH Knox\nAlexander Hamilton\nEdm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0462", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Joshua Clayton, 14 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Clayton, Joshua\n[Philadelphia, January 14, 1794. The dealer\u2019s catalogue description of this letter reads as follows: \u201cRelative to public accounts and the sums paid over to the several states.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0465", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Nathaniel Appleton, 15 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Appleton, Nathaniel\n[Treasury Department, January 15, 1794. The dealer\u2019s catalogue description of this letter reads as follows: \u201crelative to the payment of pensions \u2018under such regulations as shall have been prescribed by the Secretary of War.\u2019\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0466", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Representatives of the Oneida Indians, 15 January 1794\nFrom: Representatives of the Oneida Indians\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nOneida [New York] Jany: 15th 1794\nBrother, attend to our words,\nWe write to you in particular, because some of us know you. We have all heard that you are a friend of every body\u2014Indians as well as White people. We rejoice to hear it. We always want friends among our Brothers the white people. But should the troubles which afflict the Nations over the great Waters reach this Country, we shall again, more particularly stand in need of the friendship of our Bretheren the people of the United States. No body can tell what may happen. We think it would be good, & we wish you Brother to recommend it to Congress, to advise the Senecas & Onondagos at buffaloe Creek, to send some of their Children to be educated at a School which is erected in our Neighbourhood\u2014where we have sent some of our Children to learn to read & write\u2014and that provision be made for their Support. We think that such a measure would serve to strengthen & brighten the Chains of friendship with those Nations. Brother, We Salute you. This is all we have to say.\nJohn Shianondo\u2003 X \u2003 his mark\nPeter Onegomba\u2003 X \u2003 his mark\nJohn Onodigo\u2003 X \u2003 his mark\nPeter Sademarenghkin\u2003 X \u2003 his mark\nTodwick Thaghasaweta\u2003 X \u2003 his mark\nCornelius Thahiktoton\u2003 X \u2003 his mark\nThomas Shononghsis\u2003 X \u2003 his mark\nDaniel Shianondo\u2003 X \u2003 his mark\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr:", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0468", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Abijah Hammond, 16 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hammond, Abijah\n[Philadelphia, January 16, 1794. On January 21, 1794, Hammond wrote to Hamilton: \u201cYour letter of the 16th. I have received.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0469", "content": "Title: Meeting of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, 16 January 1794\nFrom: \nTo: \nPhiladelphia, January 16, 1794. \u201cAt a Meeting of Vice President & President of the Senate, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury\u201d it was resolved \u201cThat the two last dividends of Interest on the several species of Stock standing on the books of the Treasury to the credit of the Trustees of the Sinking Fund \u2026 be applied to the purchase of the public debt within the limits of the last resolution of the board, and \u2026 That Samuel Meredith, Treasurer, be the Agent, and Philadelphia the place of purchase.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0470", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 16 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n[Philadelphia, January 16, 1794. On January 18, 1794, Randolph acknowledged the receipt of Hamilton\u2019s \u201cletter of the 16th. instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0471", "content": "Title: Report on the Accounts of the Commissioners of Loans of Their Payment for Clerk Hire and Stationery, [16 January 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\nTreasury DepartmentJanuary 16th. 1794.[Communicated on January 16, 1794]\nSir,\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nI have the honor of transmitting herewith the general Statement required by the House of Representatives, pursuant to their resolution of the 10th. instant, and to be\nwith perfect respect Sir, \u2003 Your most obedient Servant\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nThe HonorableThe Speaker of the House of Representatives.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0472", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Andrew Dunscomb, 17 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Dunscomb, Andrew\n[Philadelphia, January 17, 1794. On January 26, 1794, Dunscomb wrote to Hamilton: \u201cYour friendly favor of the 17th Inst. I recd. \u214c last post.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0474", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Rawle, 18 January 1794\nFrom: Rawle, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, January 18, 1794. On January 20, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Rawle: \u201cIn answer to your letter of the 18th. instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0477", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Henderson, 19 January 1794\nFrom: Henderson, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York Jany. 19th. 1794\nDear sir\nMr. Hammond has informed me since his return, that he left Philada. without having an opportunity of speaking to you on the subject of the negociation, on which we conversed. I am sorry it was omitted\u2014Tho\u2019 it need not prevent the business going on. I think there will not be much dificulty in effecting what you wish; if the security be such as you supposed it would be: for my own part I will readily go as far as my other engagements will permit, and I feel confident there others who would do the same if applied to, but I have not taken the liberty to mention it to any one. Any further communication, you may think proper to make on this subject, will meet the utmost attention from\nYour Very Hume. servt.\nWm Henderson\nThe Honble. Alexr. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0478", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Frederick A. C. Muhlenberg, 20 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Muhlenberg, Frederick A. C.\nTreasury DepartmentJanuary 20th. 1794.\nSir,\nI have the honor to transmit to the House of Representatives the Copy of a Letter to me from the Commissioner of the Revenue, on the Subject of a Return required by an Order of the House of March last, respecting the Revenue arising from Spirits distilled within the United States and from Stills. This Letter explains certain obstacles which still postpone a compliance with that Order, notwithstanding strenuous exertions to be prepared to fulfil it.\nIt is hoped that the House, sensible of the embarrassments which impede the complete Arrangement of this branch of the public Revenue, will make due Allowances for a delay, which is unavoidable, and which will be terminated as speedily as possible.\nWith perfect respect \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir, Your most obedient & most humble Servant\nA. HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury\nThe HonorableThe Speaker of the House of Representatives.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0479", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Rawle, 20 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Rawle, William\nTreasury DepartmentJanuary 20th, 1794\nSir\nIn answer to your letter of the 18th. instant, received this day, I observe, that I wish it to be considered whether a proceeding cannot be instituted in some Court of the United States on behalf of the United States in the nature of a Bill of Interpleader, bringing all the parties interested before the Court to contest their respective rights and consequently the validity of the attachment. It would seem to me that this course can be pursued, and if it can I should prefer it, because it will not leave it in the option of the parties to procrastinate as they please. And if even (by means of a perpetual injunction) it should not have the effect of arresting the progress of a suit pending upon attachment in a State Court, it would at least establish a rule for the Government of the Treasury; and the suits upon attachment could afterwards be carried into the Federal Courts for ultimate determination; proper pleas having been interposed in the State Courts as a basis of an appeal or writ of Error.\nI request to know what impediments, if any lie in the way of the proceeding I have intimated.\nAn application to the Court by motion would not answer the purpose of the Treasury.\nWith great consideration & esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your Obedt. servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nWilliam Rawle Esquire", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0482-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Benjamin Lincoln to Thomas MacDonough, 14 January 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: MacDonough, Thomas\nBoston Jany 14th. 1794\nSir\nI am authorised, in conjunction with you, to appoint persons to establish the value of such Vessels & Cargoes the property of the subjects of Great Britain as have been captured by French privateers armed and equipped in the ports of the United States between 5th of June and the seventh of august last and which have been restored.\nAt present however my attention is called to three only the Jane\u2014Lovely lass\u2014& Prince Wm Henry. I will attend to this business when ever it shall be convenient for you.\nMr Mc.Donnough", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0483", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, 21 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lincoln, Benjamin\n[Philadelphia, January 21, 1794. On February 1, 1794, Lincoln wrote to Hamilton: \u201cBy this mornings post your letter of the 21st. Ulto was received.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0485", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 21 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Otho H.\nTreasury DepartmentJanuary 21st 1794\nSir\nI herewith enclose you a letter directed to Thos. Pinckney Esquire London. It covers one to Messers Willink and Van Staphorst, Bankers in Amsterdam. I request that you will forward the letter by the first opportunity to London, if no immediate conveyance offers for Amsterdam; but if there should be a vessel in your port for Amsterdam you will please to open the outside cover addressed to Mr. Pinckney and send the letter to Messrs Willink and Van Staphorst directly to its address in Holland.\nI am Sir with great consideration \u2003 Your Obedt. Servant\nA Hamilton\nThe Collector of Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0486", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 21 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\n[Philadelphia, January 21, 1794. On March 28, 1794, Willink, Van Staphorst, and Hubbard wrote to Hamilton: \u201cSince our last respects \u2026 We have your esteemed favor of 21st. January.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0487", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 21 January 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTDCO. Jany 21st 1794\nSir\nPursuant to your directions I herewith transmit the original statement of Jno. Blanchards Account of New Emissions, which was settled at the Treasury in Sept. 1790.\nIt is true that he paid the following sums in New Emissions to Heza. Wetmore for which Credits are passed in the accounts of Jno. Pierce Esq. late P Master General viz\nJuly 1st\nSept. 10th\nbeing in the\nwhole Four hundred & twenty seven Dollars & thirty ninetieths.\nThese payments will appear to have constituted a Credit in the settlement made at the Tresy in Sept. 1790.\nThere is no probability in my opinion that any other payments were made by Blanchard to Mr. Wetmore or Mr. Pierce, than these before mentioned, which have already been passed to his Credit & I think I may venture to assure you that his pertinacity in continually troubling the Treasury on this subject, can have no reasonable object\nI have the honor to be with the greatest respect &c\nHon AH.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0488", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to James Blanchard, 22 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Blanchard, James\nTreasury DepartmentJanuary 22nd, 1794\nSir\nI have examined into the matter mentioned in your letter of the 19th Instant & have inspected the Books & papers relative to it. The result is as follows viz\nThe sum charged to the State of New Hampshire, and for which you have credit with the United States, is 5354 Dollars & 60/90 and not as you state 5353 Dollars;\nConsequently the balance which remained of the Sum of 5732 dollars, which you acknowledge to have received was not as you state 379 Dollars, but 377 Dollars & 30/90.\nIn your account of New Emissions settled by Mr. Howell under date the 13th of September 1790, you have credit for the above balance of 377 dollars & 30/90 as paid to Hezekiah Wetmore.\nThis sum is included in that account in a greater sum of 427 Dollars & 30/90 which upon recurring to an account rendered by Mr. Pearce, is found to be composed of two different payments to Hezekiah Wetmore viz\nJuly 1\nSept 10,\nDollars\nSo that it is manifest you have already had in substance the credit you claim, correcting an error of statement.\nI am Sir \u2003 your hum. Svt.\nAlex. Hamilton\nMr. James Blanchard", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0489", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Gardner, [22 January 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Gardner, William\n[Philadelphia, January 22, 1794]\nSir,\nI duly received your letter of the 9th inst. on the subject of your salary as Commissioner of Loans. I am fully sensible of the inadequateness of your compensation, and I assure you that it will not be for want of my exertion if something is not added in the course of the present session of Congress.\nWith great consideration, \u2003 I am, Sir \u2003 Your obedient servant,\nA. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0491", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Rawle, 22 January 1794\nFrom: Rawle, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, January 22, 1794. On January 25, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Rawle: \u201cYour letter to me officially of the 22 is received.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0492", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 22 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Otho H.\nTreasury Department.January 22nd 1794\nSir\nI have before me your letter of the 30th of November last containing a requisition from Captn Porter for certain repairs to be done to the Revenue Cutter Active.\nThe public service requiring that the vessel should be kept in repair, I request that you will have done what shall be found necessary. If the Judgment of the Captain cannot be confided in, you will call in the aid of a trusty and discreet ship carpenter.\nCircumstances have suspended an attention to the situation of the master of the Cutter. This affair will now be taken up without further delay.\nI am with great consideration \u2003 Sir \u2003 your obedt servant\nA Hamilton\nOtho H. Williams EsquireCollector Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0493", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 23 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n[Philadelphia, January 23, 1794. On February 10, 1794, Ellery wrote to Hamilton and referred to \u201cYour letter \u2026 of the 23d. of Jany. last.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0494", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Henderson, 23 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Henderson, William\nPhilad Jany 23. 1794\nDear Sir\nI thank you for the attention you are so obliging as to pay to the affair. It so happened that Mr Hammond & myself had no opportunity of conversing about it. But I have since written to him & I will thank you to confer with him & endeavour to settle between you what is practicable. Randolph assures me he can give real security in the City of Phila.\nYrs. with esteeem\nAH\nWm. Henderson EsqN York", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0496", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Mordecai Sheftall, 23 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Sheftall, Mordecai\nTreasury DepartmentJanuary 23rd 1794\nSir\nI have received your letter of the 25th. of November last enclosing a certain deposition relative to your Petition which was referred to me by Congress.\nI trust I shall be able to report on it very shortly when the case will receive full attention.\nI am Sir \u2003 your obedient servant\nA Hamilton\nMordecai Sheftall EsquireSavannah", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0497", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, Robert Purviance, and George Gale, 23 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Otho H.,Purviance, Robert,Gale, George\nTreasury DepartmentJanuary 23rd 1794\nGentlemen\nCertain charges (of which the Collector is in possession) have been brought by William Thompson, first mate of the Revenue Cutter Active against the commander.\nTo enable me to judge what ought to be done in the case, I have concluded to request that the Collector, Naval Officer, and the Supervisor of the Revenue will form a Board, for the purpose of examining into the facts, and report to me the result.\nIf the Collector\u2019s state of health should occasion his absence the surveyor is requested to act in his place.\nIt is to be ascribed to a press of business that the case of Forbes has been put out of view.\nWith great consideration \u2003 I am Gentlemen \u2003 Your obedient servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nThe Collector, Naval Officerand the Supervisor of the RevenueBaltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0498", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 24 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\n[Philadelphia, January 24, 1794. On May 1, 1794, Willink, Van Staphorst, and Hubbard wrote to Hamilton: \u201cWe have to request your acceptance of our most hearty Thanks for Your very polite letter of 24th January.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0499", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, [25 January 1794]\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, January 25, 1794]\nMr. Coxe has the honor to inclose to Mr. Hamilton a general account of the payments, in Notes & money, of the sum of ten thousand dollars, except a balance of 206 40/100 Drs. for which Mr. Coxe will thank Mr. H. if he can send it to day. Mr. Coxe will at the same time deliver Mr. Hamiltons Note for 300 Drs. of the 11th. Jany. last and sign a minute upon the within paper declaring the whole to have been paid. If Mr. Meyer could make a calculation ascertaining the day between Apl. 9 & Jany. th on which the interest should run upon the whole sum an Obligation in form will be given in exchange for all the other papers.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0500", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Rawle, 25 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Rawle, William\nPhiladelphia Jany. 25. 1794\nDear Sir\nPrivate\nYour letter to me officially of the 22 is received. I submit to you some observations in a private capacity.\nDoes not the course of proceeding in Chancery provide for the case of absent parties\u2014by allowing service of process on known agents & if the parties do not appear taking the bill pro confesso &c? It runs in my mind there are some rules of convenience in cases so situated, but I am at present too rusty to remember details of practice.\nThough the Courts of the UStates could not enjoin the state Courts\u2014Could they not enjoin perpetually the Individuals concerned so as to produce the same effect, in the manner sometimes practiced to prevent proceedings at common law?\nThese questions are put, not for the sake of answers\u2014but to lead your attention to a further investigation of what may be practicable, towards forcing the affair to a conclusion, as it is very interesting to the public service to ascertain our ground.\nWith esteem I reman Dr Sr \u2003 Your obed serv\nA Hamilton\nWilliam Rawle Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0501", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Andrew Dunscomb, 26 January 1794\nFrom: Dunscomb, Andrew\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nRichmond January 26th. 1794\nDr Sir,\nYour friendly favor of the 17th Inst. I recd. \u214c last post. You will please embrace any leisure moment during the present session of Congress, to Act upon the subject matter of my last\u2014requesting in my behalf, if needfull, the aid of Mr Benson, and Mr King, thro\u2019 Congress.\nI take this opportunity to inform you, that, as a mark of the continuance of an opinion long entertained, I have, in opposition to the fashion of the times, added the name of Hamilton to that of my Wife\u2019s, this day imprinted on my infant Daughter.\nWith good wishes & respect \u2003 I remain your Obt servt\nAw. Dunscomb\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0503", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 27 January 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, January 27, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to communicate to you the result of the enquiry into \u2018the expediency of erecting a light House on Occacock Island or elsewhere near the entrance of Occacock inlet; and an estimate of the probable expence.\u2019\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0504-0001", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Howell, Junior, 27 January 1794\nFrom: Howell, Joseph, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nW. D. Accountants OfficeJanuary 27th 1794\nSir\nI have the honor to transmit you some observations on that part of the Act of Congress of 30th April 1790, respecting officers rations and to solicit your attention on the subject.\nI am Sir &c\nJoseph Howell\nThe Honble.The Secty of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0504-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: [Observations on \u201cAn Act for Regulating the Military Establishment of the United States\u201d], [27 January 1794]\nFrom: \nTo: \nBy the Act of Congress 30th. April 1790. The commissioned officers are allowed to receive their daily rations in provisions, \u201cor money in lieu thereof at the option of the said officers at the contract price at the posts respective where the rations shall become due.\u201d\nBy this latitude granted to the officers, the Accountant finds it difficult to ascertain whether the officers have drawn or retained their rations, as the check arises from the contractors accounts which are rendered at the Treasury frequently after an officer has been settled with\u2014representations from the paymaster of the Troops are in corroberation of the above statement. Without being more particular, a striking objection appears to the existing law which authorizes money to be drawn from different sources for demands of one kind. To obviate these difficulties the accountant would submit the propriety of the following resolution and which he believes would be perfectly satisfactory to the officers.\nResolved, that the Commissioned officers in service of the United States from and after the passage of this Act be allowed at the rate of  Dollars \u214c Month in lieu of each ration to which they are intitled agreeably to their several grades.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0508", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to \u2014\u2014\u2014, 30 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Treasury Department, January 30, 1794. The catalogue description of this letter reads as follows: \u201cTo the Collector of the Customs, objecting to his course in connection with duty on a Cask of Rum: \u2018I will only add that in expressing my disapprobation \u2026 I did not suppose in you any ill intention.\u2019\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0509", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 30 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, January 30, 1794. An entry in JPP\u201cJournal of the Proceedings of the President,\u201d George Washington Papers, Library of Congress. on January 30, 1794, reads: \u201cThe Secretary of the Treasury enclosed me a letter to him from the Collector of Philada. on the subject of the Ship L\u2019Orient.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0510", "content": "Title: Americanus No. I, [31 January 1794]\nFrom: \u201cPacificus\u201d,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, January 31, 1794]\nAn examination into the question how far regard to the cause of liberty ought to induce the UStates to take part with France in the present war has been promised. This promise shall now be performed; premising only that it is foreign to the immediate object of these papers\u2014a vindication of the Declaration of Neutrality. That Executive Act must derive its defence, from a just construction of existing Treaties and Laws. If shewn to be consistent with these the defence is complete.\nWhether a mere regard to the cause of Liberty, independent of Treaty, ought to induce us to become volunteers in the war is a question, under our constitution, not of Executive, but of Legislative cognizance. It belongs to Congress to say\u2014whether the Nation shall of choice dismiss the olive branch and unfurl the banners of War.\nIn judging of the eligibility of the measure with a view to the question just stated, it would present itself under two aspects\u2014\nI Whether the cause of France be truly the cause of liberty, pursued with justice and humanity, and in a manner likely to crown it with honorable success.\nII Whether the degree of service, we could render, by participating in the conflict, was likely to compensate, by its utility to the cause, the evils which would probably flow from it to ourselves.\nIf either of these questions can be answered in the negative, it will result that the consideration, which has been stated, ought not to embark us in the War.\nA discussion of the first point will not be entered upon. It would involve an examination too complicated for the compass of these papers; and after all, the subject gives so great scope to opinion, to imagination to feeling that little could be expected from argument. The great leading facts are before the Public; and by this time most men have drawn their conclusions so firmly, that the issue alone can adjust their differences of opinion. There was a time when all men in this Country entertained the same favourable view of the French Revolution. At the present time they all still unite in the wish, that the troubles of France may terminate in the establishment of a free and good government; and all dispassionate well-informed men equally unite in the doubt, whether this is likely to take place under the auspices of those who now govern the affairs of that Country. But agreeing in these two points, there is a great and serious diversity of opinion as to the real merits and probable issue of the French Revolution.\nNone can deny, that the cause of France has been stained by excesses and extravagances, for which it is not easy, if possible, to find a parallel and at which reason and humanity recoil. Yet many find apologies & extenuations with which they satisfy themselves; they still see in the cause of France the cause of Liberty; they are still sanguine in the hope that it will be crowned with success; that the French Nation will establish for themselves not only a free, but a Republican Government, capable of promoting solidly their happiness. Others on the contrary discern no adequate apology for the horrid and disgusting scenes which have been and continue to be acted. They conceive that the excesses which have been committed transcend greatly the measure of those which were reasonably to have been expected with every due allowance for circumstances. They perceive in them proofs of atrocious depravity in the most influential leaders of the Revolution. They observe, that among these, a Marat and a Robespierre, assassins still reeking with the blood of murdered fellow Citizens, monsters who outdo the fabled enormities of a Busiris and a Procrustes, are predominent in influence as in iniquity. They find every where marks of an unexampled dissolution of all the social and moral ties. They see no where any thing but principles and opinions so wild so extreme passions so turbulent so tempestuous, as almost to forbid the hope of agreement in any rational or well organised system of Government: They conclude, that a state of things like this is calculated to extend disgust and disaffection throughout the Nation, to nourish more and more a spirit of insurrection and mutiny, facilitating the progress of the invading armies, and exciting in the bowels of France commotions, of which it is impossible to compute the mischiefs the duration or the end: that if by the energy of the national character and the intrinsic difficulty of the enterprise the enemies of France shall be compelled to leave her to herself, this era may only prove the commencement of greater misfortunes: that after wading through seas of blood, in a furious and sanguinary civil war, France may find herself at length the slave of some victorious Scylla or Marius or C\u00e6sar: And they draw this afflicting inference from the whole view of the subject, that there is more reason to fear, that the cause of true Liberty has received a deep wound in the mismanagements of it, by those who, unfortunately for the French Nation, have for a considerable time past, maintained an ascendant in its affairs\u2014than to regard the Revolution of France, in the form it has latterly worn, as intitled to the honors due to that sacred and all important cause\u2014or as a safe bark on which to freight the Fortunes the Liberties and the Reputation of this now respectable and happy land.\nWithout undertaking to determine, which of these opposite opinions rests most firmly on the evidence of facts, I shall content myself with observing that if the latter is conceived to have but a tolerable foundation, it is conclusive against the propriety of our engaging in the war, merely through regard for the cause of Liberty: For when we resolve to put so vast a stake upon the chance of the die, we ought at least to be certain that the object for which we hazard is genuine is substantial is real.\nLet us proceed to the discussion of the second question.\nTo judge of the degree of aid which we could afford to France in her present struggle, it may be of use to take a true view of the means, with which we carried on the War that accomplished our own Revolution.\nOur supplies were derived from five sources\u20141\u2007paper money\u2014 \u20072 \u2007domestic loans \u20073 \u2007foreign loans \u20074 \u2007pecuniary taxes \u20075 \u2007taxes in specific articles \u20076 \u2007military impress.\nThe first of these resources with a view to a future war may be put out of the question. Past experience would forbid its being again successfully employed, and no friend to the morals property or industry of the people, to public or private credit, would desire to see it revived.\nThe second would exist, but probably in a more limited extent. The circumstances of a depreciating paper, which the holders were glad, as they supposed, to realize, was a considerable motive to the loans obtained during the late war. The magnitude of them, however, even then, bore a small proportion to the aggregate expence.\nThe third resource would be equally out of the question with the first. The principal lending powers would be our enemies as they are now those of France.\nThe three remaining items\u2014Pecuniary taxes, taxes on specific articles; military impress, could be employed again in a future war and are the resources upon which we should have chiefly to rely: for the resources of domestic loans is by no means a very extensive one, in a community where capitals are so moderate as in ours.\nThough it is not to be doubted, that the People of the UStates would hereafter as heretofore throw their whole property into common stock for their common defence against internal invasion or an unprovoked attack\u2014who is there sanguine enough to believe that large contributions either in money or produce could be extracted from them to carry on an external war voluntarily undertaken for a foreign and speculative purpose?\nThe expectation were an illusion. Those who may entertain it ought to pause and reflect. Whatever enthusiasm might have been infused into a part of the community would quickly yield to more just and sober ideas inculcated by experience of the burthens & calamities of war. The circuitous logic, by which it is attempted to be maintained, that a participation in the war is necessary to the security of our own liberty would then appear, as it truly is, a mere delusion, propagated by bribed incendiaries or hair-brained enthusiasts. And the authors of the delusion would not fail to be execrated as the enemies of the public weal.\nViewing the matter dispassionately, we cannot but conclude, that in a war of choice, not of necessity, like that in which we are invited to engage\u2014it would be a bad calculation to look for great exertions of the community.\nThe business would move as heavily, as it was in its origin impolitic. The faculty of the government to obtain pecuniary supplies would in such a situation be circumscribed within a narrow compass. Levies of men would not be likely to be more successful than those of money. No one would think of detaching the Militia for distant expeditions abroad: And the experience we have had in our Indian enterprizes do not authorise strong expectations of going far, by voluntary enlistments, where the question is not as it was during the last war the defence of the essential rights & interests of the Country. The severe expedient of drafting from the Militia, a principal reliance in that war, would put the authority of Government in the case supposed to a very critical test.\nThis summary view of what would be our situation & prospects is alone sufficient to demonstrate the general position that our ability to promote the cause of France by external exertions could not be such as to be very material to the event.\nLet us however for more more complete elucidation inquire to what particular objects they could be directed.\nFleets we have not and could not have in time or to an extent to be of use in the contest.\nShall we raise an army and send it to France? She does not want soldiers. Her own population can amply furnish her armies. The number we could send, if we could get them there at all, would be of no weight in the scale.\nThe true wants of France are of system, order, money, provisions, arms, military stores.\nSystem and Order we could not give her by engaging in the war. The supply of money in that event would be out of our power. At present we can pay our debt to her in proportion as it becomes due. Then we could not even do this. Provisions and other supplies, as far as we are in condition to furnish them, could not then be furnished at all. The conveyance of them would become more difficult\u2014& the forces we should be obliged ourselves to raise would consume our surplus.\nAbondonning then, as of necessity we must, the idea of aiding France in Europe, shall we turn our attention to the succour of her Islands? Alas we should probably have here only to combat their own internal disorders to aid Frenchmen against French men\u2014whites against blacks, or blacks against whites. If we may judge from the past conduct of the powers at war with France their effort is immediately against herself\u2014her Islands are not in the first instance, a serious object. But grant that they become so, is it evident, that we can cooperate efficaciously to their preservation? Or if we can what will this have to do with the preservation of French Liberty. The dangers to this arise, from the invasion of foreign armies carried into the bosom of France\u2014from the still more formidable assaults of civil dissention and the spirit of anarchy.\nShall we attack the Islands of the Powers opposed to France?\nHow shall we without a competent fleet carry on the necessary expeditions for the purpose? Where is such a fleet? How shall we maintain our conquests after they are made? What influence could the capture of an Island or two have upon the general issue of the Contest? These questions answer themselves.\nOr Shall we endeavour to make a diversion in favour of France by attacking canada on the one side & Florida on the other?\nThis certainly would be the most, indeed the only, eligible mode of aiding France in war. These enterprises may be considered as within the compass of our means.\nBut while this is admitted, it ought not to be regarded as a very easy task. The reduction of Canada ought not to be undertaken with less than  men; that of the Floridas with much fewer than  for reinforcement could be brought to both those countries from the West India possessions of their respective sovereigns. Relying on their naval superiority, they could spare from the Islands all the troops which were not necessary to the preservation of their internal tranquillity.\nThese armies are then to be raised and equipped and to be provided with all the requisite apparatus for operation. Proportionate magazines are to be formed for their accommodation and supply.\nSome men, whose fate it is to think loosely may imagine that a more summary substitute could be found in the Mi[li]tia. But the Militia, an excellent auxiliary for internal defence, could not be advantageously employed in distant expeditions requiring time and perseverance. For these, men regularly engaged for a competent period are indispensable. The conquest of Canada at least may with decision be regarded as out of the reach of a Militia operation.\nIf war was resolved upon, the very preparation of the means for the enterprizes which have been mentioned would demand not less than a year. Before this period was elapsed, the fate of France, as far as foreign invasion is concerned, would probably be decided. It would be manifest either that she could or could not be subjugated by force of external coertion. Our interposition would therefore be too late to benefit her. It appears morally certain, that the War against France cannot be of much duration. The Exertions are too mighty to be long protracted.\nThe only way in which the enterprizes in question could serve the cause of France would be by making a diversion of a part of those forces which would otherwise be directed against her. But this consequence could not be counted upon. It would be known that we could not be very early ready to attack with effect; and it would be an obvious policy to risk secondary objects rather than be diverted from the efficacious pursuit of the main one. It would be natural in such case to rely for indemnification on the successful result of the War in Europe. The Governments concerned imagine that they have too much at stake upon that result not to hazard considerably elsewhere in order to secure the fairest chance of its being favourable to their wishes.\nIt would not probably render the matter better, to precipitate our measures for the sake of a more speedy impulse. The parties ought in such case to count upon the abortion of our attempts from their immaturity, and to rely the more confidently upon the means of resistance already on the spot.\nWe could not therefore flatter ourselves that the expedient last proposed\u2014that of attacking the possessions of Great Britain and Spain in our neighbourhood\u2014would be materially serviceable to the cause of France.\nBut to give the argument its fairest course, I shall take notice of two particulars, in respect to which our interference would be more sensibly felt. These are the depredations, which our privateers might make upon the commerce of the maritime enemies of France, and the direct injury which would accrue to that of G Britain from the interruption of intercourse between the two Countries. Considering the shock lately sustained by mercantile credit in that Country\u2014the real importance to it of our imports from thence and of our exports thither, the large sums which are due and in a continual course of remittance from our merchants to her Merchants\u2014a war between the UStates and Great Britain could not fail to be seriously distressing to her.\nYet it would be weak to count upon very decisive influence of these circumstances. The Public credit of G Britain has still energy sufficient to enable her to struggle with much partial derangement. Her private credit manifestly disordered by temporary causes, and propped as it has been by the public purse seems to have recovered its impaired tone. Her commerce too suddenly interrupted by the breaking out of war must have resumed its wonted channels in proportion as the progress of her naval preparations has tended to give it protection. And though the being at war with us would be very far from a matter of indifference either to her commerce or to her credit; yet it is not likely that it would arrest her carreer or overrule those paramount considerations which brought her into her present situation.\nWhen we recollect how she maintained herself under a privation of our commerce, through a seven years war with us, united for certain periods of it with France Spain & Holland, though we perceive a material difference between her present and her then situation arising from that very effort, yet we cannot reasonably doubt that she would be able notwithstanding a similar privation to continue a war which in fact does not call for an equal exertion on her part, as long as the other powers with which she is associated shall be in condition to prosecute it with a hope of success. Nor is it probable, whatever may be the form or manner of the engagement, that Great Britain could, if disposed to peace, honorably make a separate retreat. It is the interest of all parties in such cases to assure to each other a cooperation: and it is presumeable that this has taken place in some shape or other between the Powers at present combined against France.\nThe conclusion from the several considerations which have been presented carefully & dispassionately weighed is this, that there is no probable prospect of this country rendering material service to the cause of France, by engaging with her in the War.\nIt has been very truly observed in the course of the publications, upon the subject\u2014that if France is not in some way or other wanting to herself she will not stand in need of our assistance and if she is our assistance cannot save her.\nPacificus.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0511", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Caleb Gibbs, 31 January 1794\nFrom: Gibbs, Caleb\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston, January 31, 1794. \u201cI have done myself the honor to address you several times since my return to this Metropolis from the Country.\u2026 I will not intrude upon you too long but will only say, that we are told that the United States are going to build a number of vessells of war, and fortify their Ports and harbours. If so and any thing you think me Competent too in either case, will thank you to think of me. I keep a store in the Central part of the Town Contiguous to the Long wharf and if any vessell of war is built in this place or its vicinity I should be glad to offer my services in storing &c.\u2026 I do profess to be a Judge of what is called good timber.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0512", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, James Lovell, and Thomas Melville, 31 January 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin,Lovell, James,Melville, Thomas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Boston, January 31, 1794. On February 20, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Lincoln, Lovell, and Melville: \u201cI am to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 31st ultimo.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0513", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, [31 January 1794]\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, January 31, 1794]\nThe Secretary of State has the honor to inclose to the Secretary of the Treasury a letter from T. W. Jarvis. As the subject relates to the Treasury Department, it is consigned to the disposal of its head.\nJanuary 31st. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-15-02-0515", "content": "Title: Conversation with George Hammond, [January 1794]\nFrom: Hammond, George,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, January, 1794]\nI have the honor of informing your Lordship, that Mr. Shoolbred communicated to me in a letter dated the 9th of January last, which I received towards the end of that or early in the beginning of the succeeding month, the circumstance of certain British seamen, who had been captured on board of the ship Friendship, by the French sloop of war the Lascasas, (and who with the vessel were brought into Charleston) having been removed from the sloop of war into another vessel, which had been fitted up as a prison ship. Mr. Shoolbred farther stated to me the measures he had pursued for obtaining in the first instance the enlargement of the prisoners, and the very spirited and judicious remonstrances, which he had addressed to the Government of South Carolina on this flagrant breach of neutrality. Immediately on the receipt of Mr. Shoolbred\u2019s letter, it was my intention to have submitted the substance of it to the Secretary of State; but I was induced to suspend that intention, in consequence of a previous incidental conversation which I had with Mr. Hamilton, and in which that Gentleman informed me, that the general government having received intimation of a design on the part of the officers and crews of the French privateers in Charleston to establish a prison ship in that port; positive orders had been about ten days before issued to the Governors of South Carolina instantly to oppose the execution of it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0001", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 1 February 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston Feby 1st. 1794\nSir\nBy this mornings post your letter of the 21st. Ulto. was received As also a letter covering one directed to our Minister at the Court of Great Britain. We have a vessel now loading & will sail in a few days for Amsterdam so that your letter directed to Messrs. Willink & Van Staphorst will go directly to its address in Holland agreeably to your wishes.\nSecy of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0002", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 3 February 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Newport, Rhode Island] February 3, 1794. \u201cA question has arisen respectg. the disposition of that part of the net proceeds of the sales of the Schooner Hannah which appertains to a Surveyor which I wish you would answer. I am in doubt whether it should be paid to the Surveyor of this Port, or of Bristol \u2026 the forfeiture of the Hannah was not incurred in either of those ports \u2026 for at the time the goods were run out of the Hannah, for which she was forfeited, she was lying at Anchor off a point of land at the North East part of the island of Rhode Island, which Point is within the limits of the Town of Portsmouth.\u2026 The Surveyor\u2019s part of this forfeiture is trifling; but the same disposition should I conceive take place in similar cases be the sum to be paid what it may. I could therefore wish that you would be pleased to make such a determination in this case as may serve for a Rule in all like cases which may occur.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0003", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 3 February 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nColles Offe. Port of Newport [Rhode Island]Feby. 3d. 1794\nSir,\nThis Letter will be accompd. by a represent. of the case of Samuel Pearsall, junr. master of the Sloop Nancy. His Representn. is true as far as it concerns her being licensed\u2014her tonnage, her arrival here, her being visited by an Inspector, her not having a manifest, her being wholly laden with the produce of the United States, and his payment of Twenty dollars. That part of it which relates to the Conversa. between us is not particularly narrated. I told him that I had no reason to suspect, that his not being provided with a manifest was owing to any thing but his ignorance or inattention to the Law, that I had no discretionary power, that it was my duty to enforce the Law, that more than eight months had elapsed since the new Coasting Act had taken place, and that if I should not take notice of his transgression others might expect to avoid the law by making a like plea; That he must either pay the Penalty, or petition the Judge who would cause the facts to be stated which should appear on inquiry, and annex to the Petition and transmit them to you who was empowered to mitigate or remit the penalty, or, which was not so regular, to pay it and apply directly to you directly. To avoid expence he chose the last. As to his never having been asked for a manifest in his frequent trips to Newyork since the repeal of the old Coasting law I cannot say any thing, nor about his ability to suffer the loss of twenty dollars; for they are not within my knowledge. I have I conceive done my duty, and shall be perfectly satisfied with your determination in this case.\nI am, Sir, yr. most obedt. servant\nWm Ellery Colle\nAlex. Hamilton Esqe.Secry Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0004-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure A: Probable State of Cash up to the First of April Ensuing, 4 February 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \nA.Probable State of Cash Up to the First of April Ensuing.\nProba[b]le Demands on the Treasury to the first of April vizt.\nAmount of Cash in the several Banks \u214c Treasurer\u2019s return of the 3d. instant\nFor the Department of War\nAmount of Cash in the hands of the several Collectors of the Customs and Supervisors \u214c Abstract of returns dated the 3d. instant.\nFor the payment of Foreign Officers\nBy Amount of Sums receivable for duties on Imports and Tonnage in the Months of February and March \u214c Abstract of returns of Bonds made up the 7th. of January last\nFor Sums informally advanced by the Bank for the public Service for want of Appropriations\nDeficiency of Cash towards answering the probable Demands on the Treasury\nFor Bills purchased to remit to Amsterdam for payment of Interest falling due on the Foreign Debt to the first of March inclusively\nDollars\nFor the last Instalment of a Loan of 800,000 Dollars of the Bank of the United States obtained pursuant to an Act of the last Session\nFor a Quarter\u2019s Interest on the public Debt payable within the United States\nAmount of Civil List for a quarter including Compensations to Members of Congress\nDollars\nTreasury DepartmentFebruary 4th. 1794.\nAlexander Hamilton.Secy. of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0005", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas, and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 4 February 1794\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Amsterdam] 4 February 1794.\nSir!\nConfirming our last respects of 14 Ultimo, We have now but to transmit You the Account Current of the United States with us, up to 31st January last, the Balance whereon, due by us Holld. Curry. f 923,284.13.8. We transfer to the Credit of the United States in a New Account.\nThe Delivery of the Bonds the preceeding Month has been very brisk: Among them were 144. Bonds of the Half of the Loan the Undertakers reserved at their option. Thus of the last Three Millions Loan, 1644. Bonds have been absolutely sold: A number that We flatter ourselves to have the pleasure, to advise you the Monthly Increase of.\nWe are respectfully &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0006", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Bush, 5 February 1794\nFrom: Bush, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Wilmington, Delaware, February 5, 1794. On February 17, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Bush: \u201cIn your letter of the 5th. instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0007", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to Edmond Charles Genet, 5 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Genet, Edmond Charles\nPhiladelphia Feby. 5. 1794\nSir\nI do myself the honor of informing you that the French Ship L\u2019Orient of Bengal now lying in the port of Philadelphia attracts the attention omit these words (and excites the suspicion) of the Executive. It is represented that on her arrival she was a private ship the property of the French East India company and though armed was without a public Commission (had a complete military equipment and belonged to the East India Company) (of L\u2019Orient) omit\u2014that possession has been since taken of her under your authority for the use of the French Nation\u2014that as an Evidence of her being destined to be used on public service the uniform of France appears to be worn by those who are attached to her and that she is to be commissioned here to cruise upon the other belligerent Powers. This last circumstance when connected with those preceding will if it be true be immediately seen to infringe the rules prescribed by the President of The UStates, and therefore (deserves an inquiry on =demands an explicit declaration  =our part that it is deemed inadmissible, and the expression of an our part. You will permit me to hope for an answer whether a =expectation that if any such intention has been entertained it will be renounced Commission has been and is intented to be given to the L\u2019Orient to cruise on the enemies of France\u2014and I ask this the rather because a =and that no appearances will continue to exist of a nature to excite candid Exposition on one side of what produces suspicion, and a =inquietude here or suspicions elsewhere of the Candour of the UStates. A similar reply on the other promises a continuance of that harmony =reliance is entertained that no embarrassment will in this instance be occasioned which it will always be my wish to maintain.) =to the Government.\nNote at foot\nCorrections are proposed according to the Interlineations. The word harmony which has a personal reference to Mr Genet appears particularly exceptionable under the circumstances.\nA Hamilton\n\u261e The corrections proposed are the interlineations marked thus =.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0008", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Adams, 6 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Adams, John\nTreasury DepartmentFebruary 6th. 1794\nSir\nHaving made the necessary examination into the means possessed by the Treasury for complying with a late order of the Senate and of the time which would be requisite for preparing them, I have the honor now to communicate the result.\nSeveral Custom-house returns of Exports amounting to a large sum having been rendered for a term longer than a quarter; it is found impossible to make up that return for the twelve months directed by the Senate in the first paragraph. A Statement, however for one year differing therefrom only in one quarter is nearly matured. It can be completed in a few days, after the receipt of a quarterly return for the port of Philadelphia, the Custom-house business of which was exceedingly deranged by the late malady.\nThe detailed statement of Imports for the year ending on the 30th day of June 1792 required by the second paragraph, can be made up in about two months, by suspending the formation of that for the Year ending with September 1792, which in the course of the Treasury business was in preparation, and would have been completed in a few days. This will require eight extra Clerks for two months, and will produce an additional expence of about 600 or 700 dollars.\nThe detailed statement of Imports for the year ending on the 30th of June last, also required by the second paragraph, cannot be made up at present, for want of the Returns from the Customhouses.\nThe returns of Tonnage in the old form will exhibit what is required by the third paragraph and can be made out in the proper office in a short time. The two sets of returns of Tonnage required by the fourth paragraph, can be made out in about six weeks after the preceding documents shall be compleated; or they can be matured at the same time by employing four more extra Clerks at an expence of about 250 dollars.\nThe Senate will perceive from this the state of the business and will judge whether it is expedient to pursue it in the form contemplated by the order. Such of the matters required as can go on without additional expence or the derangement of what is already on hand are in train. And if no revocation of the order is speedily received the other objects as far as they are practicable will be also prosecuted.\nBut I feel it a duty to use the liberty of taking the present occasion to remark, that it is extremely to be desired that the two houses of the Legislature could fix upon a plan for regulating the returns which they would choose to have made to them periodically from the Treasury, that the business might be prosecuted in conformity to that plan. Congress would then have the information, which they may deem useful, and the Treasury could be prepared systematically to furnish it; without any derangement of the current course of its operation, and without an unnecessary increase of expence. Occasional & desultory calls frequently made for returns and statements, which involve complicated and elaborate investigations, and much clerkship, interfere more materially with the regular conducting of the public business, than can easily be imagined, except by those who have the progress of it immediately under their eye. They oblige the principal officers and the most expert Clerks to transfer so much of their attention from the ordinary & indispensable operations of the Department, as must render it impossible, (if the practice should continue in the same degree in which it has for some time existed) for the Officers of the Department to be responsible for the orderly punctual and efficacious execution of its primary & most essential objects. This conclusion has so pressed itself upon me from experience that I have thought it incumbent upon me to submit these reflections to the consideration of the Senate.\n[With perfect respect I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Obedient & humble servant]\nAlexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasy\n[The Vice President of The UStates& President of the Senate.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0009", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Isaac Holmes, 6 February 1794\nFrom: Holmes, Isaac\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Charleston, South Carolina, February 6, 1794. On February 28, 1794, Hamilton sent to George Washington \u201ca letter from the Collector of Charlestown of the 6th instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0010", "content": "Title: Americanus No. II, [7 February 1794]\nFrom: \u201cAmericanus\u201d,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, February 7, 1794)\nLet us now turn to the other side of the medal. To be struck with it, it is not necessary to exaggerate.\nAll who are not wilfully blind must see and acknowlege that this Country at present enjoys an unexampled state of prosperity. That war would interrupt it need not be affirmed. We should then by war lose the advantage of that astonishing progress in strength wealth and improvement, which we are now making, and which if continued for a few years will place our national rights and interests upon immoveable foundations. This loss alone would be of infinite moment: it is such a one as no prudent or good man would encounter but for some clear necessity or some positive duty.\nIf while Europe is exhausting herself in a destructive war, this country can maintain its peace, the issue will open to us a wide field of advantages, which even imagination can with difficulty compass.\nBut a check to the progress of our prosperity is not the greatest evil to be anticipated. Considering the naval superiority of the enemies of France we cannot doubt that our commerce would be in a great degree annihilated by a war. Our Agriculture would of course with our commerce receive a deep wound. The exportations which now contribute to animate it could not fail to be essentially diminished. Our mechanics would experience their full share of the common calamity. That lively and profitable industry which now sp[r]eads a smile over all our cities and Towns would feel an instantaneous and rapid decay.\nNine tenths of our present revenues are derived from commercial duties. Their declension must of course keep pace with that of Trade. A substitute cannot be found in other sources of taxation, without imposing heavy burthens on the People. To support public credit and carry on the war would suppose exactions really grievous. To abandon public Credit would be to renounce an essential mean of carrying on the war, besides the sacrifice of the public Creditors and the disgrace of a National bankruptcy.\nWe will not call in the aid of Savage butcheries and depredations to heighten the picture. Tis enough to say, that a general Indian War, incited by the united influence of Britain and Spain, would not fail to spread desolation throughout our frontier.\nTo a people who have so recently and so severely felt the evils of War little more is necessary, than to appeal to their own recollection for their magnitude and extent.\nThe war which now rages is & for obvious reasons is likely to continue to be carried on with unusual animosity and rancour. It is highly probable that the resentment of the combined powers against us if we should take part in the war would be if possible still more violent than it is against France. Our interference would be regarded as altogether officious and wanton. How far this idea might lead to an aggravation of the ordinary calamities of war would deserve serious reflection.\nThe certain evils of our joining France in the war are sufficient dissuasives from so intemperate a measure. The possible ones are of a nature to call for all our caution, all our prudence.\nTo defend its own rights, to vindicate its own honor, there are occasions when a Nation ought to hazard even its existence. Should such an occasion occur, I trust those who are now most averse to commit the peace of the country will not be the last to face the danger, nor the first to turn their backs upon it.\nBut let us at least have the consolation of not having rashly courted misfortune. Let us have to act under the animating reflection of being engaged in repelling wrongs which we neither sought nor merited, in vindicating our rights, invaded without provocation, in defending our honor violated without cause. Let us not have to reproach ourselves with having voluntarily bartered blessings for calamities.\nBut we are told that our own Liberty is at stake upon the event of the war against France\u2014that if she falls we shall be the next victim. The combined powers, it is said, will never forgive in us the origination of those principles which were the germs of the French Revolution. They will endeavour to eradicate them from the world.\nIf this suggestion were ever so well founded, it would perhaps be a sufficient answer to it to say, that our interference is not likely to alter the case\u2014that it could only serve prematurely to exhaust our strength.\nBut other answers more conclusive present themselves.\nThe war against France requires on the part of her enemies efforts unusually violent. They are obliged to strain every nerve, to exert every resource. However it may terminate, they must find themselves spent in an extreme degree; a situation not very favourable to the undertaking a new, and even to Europe combined, an immense enterprize.\nTo subvert by force republican Liberty in this Country, nothing short of entire conquest would suffice. This conquest, with our present increased population; greatly distant as we are from Europe, would either be impracticable or would demand such exertions, as following immediately upon those which will have been requisite to the subversion of the French Revolution, would be absolutely ruinous to the undertakers.\nIt is against all probability, that an undertaking, pernicious as this would be, even in the event of success, would be attempted against an unoffending Nation by its Geographical position, so little connected with the political concerns of Europe.\nBut impediments would arise from more special causes. Suppose France subdued, and a restoration of the Monarchy in its ancient form or a partition effected. To uphold either state of things, after the general impulse in favour of liberty, which has been given to the minds of 24 Millions of people, would in one way or another find occupation for a considerable part of the forces which had brought it about. In the event of an unqualified restoration of the monarchy if the future monarch did not stand in need of foreign legions for the support of his authority; still the Powers who had been concerned in the restoration could not sufficiently rely upon the solidity of the order of things reestablished by them not to keep themselves in a posture to be prepared against the disturbance of it\u2014\u2019till there had been time to compose the discordant interests and passions produced by the Revolution and bring back the Nation to ancient habits of subordination. In the event of a partition of France, it would of course give occupation to the forces of the conquerors to secure the submission of the dismembered parts.\nThe new dismemberment of Poland will be another obstacle to the detaching of troops from Europe for a crusade against this Country. The fruits of that transaction can only be secured to Russia and Prussia by the agency of large bodies of forces kept on foot for the purpose within the dismembered territories.\nOf the powers combined against France there are only three whose interests have any material reference to this Country\u2014England, Spain, Holland.\nAs to Holland it will be readily conceded that she can have no interest or feeling to induce her to embark in so mad & wicked a project. Let us see how the matter will stand with regard to Spain & England.\nThe object of the enterprise against us must either be the establishment in this Country of a royal in place of our present Republican Government, the subjugation of the Country to the dominion of one of the parties, or its division among them.\nThe establish[men]t of an independent monarchy in this country would be so manifestly against the interests of both those Nations, in the ordinary acceptation of this term in politics\u2014that neither of them can be so absurd as to desire it.\nIt may be adopted as an axiom in our political calculation, that no foreign power which has valuable colonies in America will be propitious to our remaining one people united under a vigorous Government.\nNo man I believe but will think it probable, however disadvantageous the change in other respects, that a Monarchical Government, from its superior force, would ensure more effectually than our present form our permanent unity as a Nation. This at least would be the indubitable conclusion of European calculators. From which may be confidently inferred a disinclination both in England and Spain to our undergoing a change of that kind.\nThe only thing that can be imagined capable of reconciling either of those Powers to it would be the giving us for monarch a member of its own royal family and forming something like a family compact.\nBut here would arise a direct collision of interest between them. Which of them would agree that a prince of the family of the other should be reigning over this country give to that other a decided preponderancy in the scale of American affairs?\nThe subjugation of the UStates to the dominion of either of those Powers would fall more strongly under a like consideration. Tis impossible that either of them should consent that the other should become Master of this Country\u2014And neither of them without madness could desire a mastery which would cost more than \u2019twas worth to maintain it, and which from an irresistible course of things could be but of very short duration.\nThe third, namely the division of it between them, is the most colorable of the three suppositions\u2014But even this would be the excess of folly in both.\nNothing could be more unwise, in the first instance, in Great Britain, than to consent by that measure to divide with Spain the emoluments of our Commerce which now in so great a degree center with her with a probability of continuing to do it as long as the natural relations of commerce are permitted to govern.\nSpain too could not fail to be sensible that from obvious causes her dominion over the part which was allotted to her would be altogether transient.\nThe first collision between Britain and Spain would certainly have one of two effects\u2014either a reunion of the whole Country under Great Britain or a dismission of the yoke of both.\nThe latter by far the most probable would discover to both the extreme absurdity of the project.\nThe UStates, rooted as are now the ideas of Independence, are happily too remote from Europe to be governed by her. Dominion over any part of them would be a real misfortune to any Nation of that Quarter of the Globe.\nTo Great Britain the enterprise supposed would threaten serious consequences in more ways than one. It may safely be affirmed that she would run by it greater risk of bankruptcy and Revolution than we of subjugation. A chief proportion of the burthen would unavoidably fall upon her as the most monied & principal maritime power & it may emphatically be said that she would make war upon her own commerce & credit. There is the strongest ground to believe that the Nation would disrelish and oppose the project. The certainty of great evils attending it\u2014the dread of much greater\u2014experience of the disasters of the last war would operate upon all. Many, not improbably a majority, would see in the enterprise a malicious and wanton hostility against Liberty, of which they might themselves expect to be the next victim. Their judgments and their feelings would easily distinguish this case from that either of their former contest with us or their present contest with France. In the former, they had pretensions to support which were plausible enough to mislead their pride and their interest. In the latter, there were strong circumstances to rouse their passions alarm their fears and induce an acquiescence in the course which was pursued.\nBut a future attack upon us, as apprehended, would be so absolutely pretextless, as not to be misunderstood. Our conduct will have been such as to intitle us to the reverse of unfriendly or hostile dispositions: While powerful motives of self-interest would advocate with them our cause.\nBut Britain Spain Austria Prussia and perhaps even Russia will have more need and a stronger desire of peace & repose to restore and recruit their wasted strength and exhausted Treasuries\u2014to reinvigorate the interior order and industry of their respective kingdoms relaxed and depressed by war\u2014than either means or inclination to undertake so extravagant an enterprise against the Liberty of this Country.\nIf there can be any danger to us of that sort it must arise from our voluntarily thrusting ourselves into the War. Once embarked, Nations sometimes prosecute enterprises which they would not otherwise have dreamt of. The most violent resentment would no doubt in such case be kindled against us for what would be called a wanton and presumptuous intermeddling on our part. What this might produce it is not easy to calculate.\nThere are too great errors in our reasoning upon this subject. One is that the combined Powers will certainly attribute to us the same principles which they deem so exceptionable in France; the other, that our principles are in fact the same.\nIf left to themselves, they will all except one naturally see in us a people who originally resorted to a Revolution in Governt as a refuge from encroachment on rights and privileges antecedently enjoyed\u2014not as a people who from choice have sought a radical and intire change in the established Government, in pursuit of new privileges and rights carried to an extreme, not reconciliable perhaps with any form of regular Government. They will see in us a people who have a due respect for property and personal security\u2014who in the midst of our revolution abstained with exemplary moderation from every thing violent or sanguinary instituting governments adequate to the protection of persons and property; who since the completion of our revolution have in a very short period, from mere reasoning and reflection, without tumult or bloodshed adopted a form of general Government calculated as well as the nature of things would permit\u2014to remedy antecedent defects\u2014to give strength and security to the Nation\u2014to rest the foundations of Liberty on the basis of Justice Order and Law\u2014who at all times have been content to govern ourselves; unmeddling in the Governments or Affairs of other Nations: in fine, they will see in us sincere Republicans but decided enemies to licentiousness and anarchy\u2014sincere republicans but decided friends to the freedom of opinion, to the order and tranquilty of all Mankind. They will not see in us a people whose best passions have been misled and whose best qualities have been perverted from their true aim by headlong fanatical or designing leaders to the perpepration of acts from which humanity shrinks\u2014to the commission of outrages, over which the eye of reason weeps\u2014to the profession and practice of principles which tend to shake the foundations of morality\u2014to dissolve the social bands\u2014to disturb the peace of mankind\u2014to substitute confusion to order anarchy to Government.\nSuch at least is the light in which the Reason or the passions of the Powers confederated against France lead them to view her principles and conduct. And it is to be lamented that so much cause has been given for their opinions. If on our part, we give no incitement to their passions, facts too prominent and too decisive to be combated will forbid their reason to bestow the same character upon us.\nIt is therefore matter of real regret that there should be an effort on our part to level the distinctions, which discriminate our case from that of France\u2014to confound the two cases in the view of foreign powers\u2014and to hazard our own principles, by persuading ourselves of a similitude which does not exist.\nLet us content ourselves with lamenting the errors into which a great, a gallant, an amiable a respectable Nation has been betrayed\u2014with uniting our wishes and our prayers that the Supreme Ruler of the World will bring them back from those errors to a more sober and more just way of think\u27e8ing\u27e9 and acting and will overrule the complicated calamities which surround them to the establishment of a Government under which they may be free secure and happy. But let us not corrupt ourselves by false comparisons or glosses\u2014nor shut our eyes to the true nature of transactions which ought to grieve and warn us\u2014not rashly mingle our destiny in the consequences of the errors and extravagances of another nation.\nPacificus", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0012", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 7 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n[Philadelphia, February 7, 1794. On March 3, 1794, Ellery wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI have received your letter of the 7th of Feby. last.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0013", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 7 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, February 7, 1794. Encloses \u201cthe Bond of Henry Cooper, as Consul at St. Croix.\u201d Approves Cooper\u2019s securities and \u201ctransmits the Bond, bearing date the 8th day of November, 1793, to be deposited in the Treasury Office.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0017", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Collectors of the Customs, 10 February 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Collectors of the Customs\nTreasury Department, February 10th. 1794.\nSir,\nA Provisory arrangement has been agreed upon with the Ambassador of Great Britain contained in a letter from the Secretary of State to him dated the 26th December last, to ascertain the losses by detention, waste, or spoliation, sustained by such vessels the property of subjects of Great Britain, as have been or shall be captured by French Privateers armed and equipped in the Ports of the United States, and brought within any Port of the United States.\nIn order that these measures may be taken with as little delay as circumstances will permit, I have to request that you will whenever applied to by any of the Consuls of Great Britain, in concert with the Consul, appoint persons to establish the value of such vessels and cargoes, at the times of their Capture and of their arrival in the Port into which they are brought, according to their value in such Ports; transmitting to me the documents of the proceedings in each case.\nI am, Sir, \u2003 With consideration, \u2003 Your Obedient Servant,\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0018", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 10 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Departt. 10 Feby. 1794\nSir,\nThe enclosed letter of the 27 of last month from the Collector of Tappahannock, relates to a subject equally delicate & disagreeable. It is my duty to add, that bills have returned protested to the amount of 3000 Dollars.\nThis conduct, though I trust proceeding from no ill motive in the Collector, is of a nature so fatal to the punctual collection of the revenue, and at the same time so vitally injurious to the public credit, that I cannot forbear to submit it as my opinion, that the public good requires the superceding of the officer.\nWith perfect respect &c. &c.\nAlexander Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0019", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Nicholson, 11 February 1794\nFrom: Nicholson, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nComp. Genl. Office [Philadelphia]Feby. 11th 1794\nsir\nI feel myself indebted for your attention to my former requests, permit me further to request that you will direct a copy of the opinion of the late Atty. Genl. to you on the subject of the subscribability of the Pennsa. New Loan debt in the Loan opened by Congress per Act of Augt. 4th. 1790\u2014\u201cfor such Certificates bearing date before Jany 1790, as had been issued by the respective States as acknowledgments or evidences of debts by them owing.\u201d\nWith much respect \u2003 & esteem \u2003 I am Yr Most ob ser\nJN\nThe Honble Alexr. Hamilton EsqrSecty Treasy Ustates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0020", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Seton, 11 February 1794\nFrom: Seton, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York 11 Feby 1794\nMy Dear sir\nNot wishing to infringe upon one moment of your time during the arduous & busy scene you have been engaged in, I have till now delayed my communications respecting my operations for Mr. Church.\nOn the 17th of December I purchased for him 9 Shares of U S. Bank Stock @ 13 \u214c Cent and 12 Shares at 13\u00bd \u214c Cent\u2014on the 20th of that month I further purchased 5 Shares @ 13 \u214c Cent & 5 Shares at 13\u00bc \u214c Cent in all Thirty one Shares which cost with the Brokers Commission Dollr. 14076. \u00b9\u2070\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080. I drew Bills upon him at the same time for \u00a33050. Stg which I sold at 5 \u214c Cent above par making Dollr. 14233. \u00b3\u00b2\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080. I have since received the Dividend upon these Shares which make Doll. 480. \u2075\u2070\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080 more to the credit of Mr. Church. The 31 Shares have since been transferd in his Name, but I have not taken out the Certificates, as in your instructions you do not mention that I should. After I had made these purchases, it was the opinion of all the Brokers that when the Bank was open for transfers the price would fall more than in proportion to the Dividend, I therefore suspended my operations & wrote Mr. Church so\u2014but the event has proved I did wrong, for they have since been as high as 15. & never less than 13, at which to 13\u00bd they now remain\u2014and the Exchange from 5 to 6 \u214c Cent above par. As there is no appearance of a fall in either, I wish to know your opinion whether I had not better proceed to purchase immediately till I shall compleat the quantity wanted; there is a Vessel will sail for Falmouth the 16 or 17th. by which opportunity I could wish to advise Mr. Church of my intentions.\nI am with the sincerest esteem & respect \u2003 Dear sir \u2003 Your Obliged Obed Hubl Ser\nWm Seton\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0021", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 12 February 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] February 12, 1794. States \u201cthat the existing Light House act will expire in the ensuing recess of Congress by its own limitation.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0022", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Knox, 12 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Knox, Henry\nTreasury department Febry 12th. 1794.\nSir.\nInclosed you will find the copy of a letter from Mr. Habersham of the 16th ultimo.\nThe bearer of it (who is mentioned in it) informs me that from the month of June last till he left Georgia, there had been kept on foot from a thousand to twelve hundred Militia and that arrangements appeared to be going on for encreasing the number. The expense you will perceive, has been out of all proportion of what was contemplated.\nI am compelled to state it as my opinion, that precise orders ought to be given to the Agent of the United States for supplying the forces in Georgia, not to authorise issues of any supplies on account of the United States for the Militia, or Corps called out, or embodied under the Authority of the State of Georgia, or of it\u2019s Officers, except in cases specially sanctioned by this Government, and previously notified to him from the proper department. If this idea be adopted it will be requisite to communicate to him, what Corps may regularly be kept on foot under subsisting authority.\nThe bearer of Mr Habersham\u2019s letter returns in the course of this week. It is desireable that a decision on the above point should be had in time to be conveyed by him.\nwith great respect \u2003 I have the honor to be &c.\nAlexander Hamilton\nThe Secretary at War.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0023", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 12 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] February 12, 1794. Requests \u201coriginal papers transmitted in a letter from Mr. Morris \u2026 in order to complete the papers from that minister called for by the Senate.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0025", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 12 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia] February 12, 1794. Transmits \u201cthe \u2026 extract of a letter from the Supervisor of Virginia.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0026-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: William Short to Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 12 February 1794\nFrom: Short, William\nTo: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nMadrid Feb. 12. 1794.\nGentlemen\nThe duplicate of your letter of Dec. 27. has come to my hands with its inclosures. The first has not yet been recieved. I mention this as a guide. In future I will thank you to send under the cover of Mr Humphreys who has returned to Lisbon, such letters as you address me by that route.\nYour letter informed me of the loan you had opened for the U.S. & by the copy of that you wrote to the Sec. of the Treasury, I observe the conditions of it; & particularly that you have exceeded the charges he prescribed, & referred to him the extension thereof. As this matter is altogether out of my control & beyond any power I have I might omit mentioning any thing of it to you. I think it proper I should inform you however that in the letter which the Sec. of the Treasury wrote to me on the subject of this particular loan he expressly confined the charges to 4. p cent. I imagine therefore he had on a full view of the subject decided that it was for the interest of the U S. rather to forego the loan than exceed these charges. I mention this circumstance that you may view in a proper light the decision of this point which you have now referred to the Sec of the treasury & through him to our Government. I should add also that it does not appear to me that you have furnished the data which ought to be made known to Government before they extend the charges Permited\u2014via the distribution of those charges so as to shew the part which remains clear to you after that to undertakers, brokers & notary are deducted. I know you have ever expressed an aversion to this, as being contrary to usage\u2014but it is so conformable to propriety in every case & particular in the present that I think you should have done it. In the confidence which Government have ever shewn you (& which I shall be ever free to own I think your zeal & exertions have entitled you to) I never could see any reason for your aversion to confide to them the repartition of the charges allowed on their loans. Being persuaded that your intention is to be satisfied with as moderate if not more moderate gains than those made by the other houses which make foreign loans at Amsterdam, it seems to me on the contrary you should state them for your own satisfaction & that of the U.S.\nThe power which you sent for me to pass with respect to this loan in The Dutch language is now with the translator & shall be forwarded to you as soon as it can be completed. I must inform you however that from the usage here it cannot be passed before the Notary in either of the languages you mention, & indeed only in the Spanish language. As soon therefore as it is translated from the Dutch into that language it shall be passed before the notary, legalised by the Dutch minister & sent to you. As I take it for granted there are public translators at Amsterdam acquainted with the Spanish language, I suppose it unnecessary to have this act retranslated into French, as is sometimes done here, & certified by the sworn translator. He is not sufficiently acquainted with the Dutch language I believe, or at least is not accustomed, to certify translations in it\u2014& there seems even some difficulty in translating from it. I hoped on my being sent so far from Holland that some less dilatory mode would be adopted for transacting the business of the loans than through me. Its not having been done probably proceeds from its not having been foreseen that I should be so long absent. The present state of letter conveyance is such that until the arrival of yesterdays mail the letters from Philadelphia by the way of Lisbon were of later date by six days than those from Amsterdam by the way of Coru\u00f1a.\nThe object of your remittance to M. de Wolf was to pay the annual interest due on the loan there. He informs me that the excess of his draught this year above the last amounting to f 3966.18. 8. was in consequence of the exchange being different this year from what it was the last\u2014& of which he had sent you an authentick extract from the registers of the brokers. The U.S. are bound to pay the interest at Antwerp & of course the fluctuation of the exchange does not concern the holders of the bonds there. M de Wolf therefore is entitled to recieve the amount of the interest in Antwerp money, & I will therefore desire you to pay it, on its appearing to you that the exchange was as he states it. I write him to that effect in the letter which is herein enclosed to you & which I beg you to forward after having read & sealed it. The design of my first authorization to you was to pay him the amount of the interest due at Antwerp on the 2850 bonds at 4\u00bd. p. cent, for which it was not my intention to specify any particular sum in Holland Currency. As you directed him in the year 92. to draw on you instead of remitting him the sum I supposed you considered that mode more safe & more advantageous for the U.S. & as you have done the same now I suppose your opinion is the same.\nWe have just learned that the Packet from Coru\u00f1a to Falmouth which carried the letters from hence of the 11th of Decr. was taken by the French. I therefore inclose a duplicate of my letter of that date\u2014& remain very sincerely Gentlemen, your obedient servant\nW Short\nMessrs. W & J Willink N & J Van Staphorst & Hubbard", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0027", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to \u2014\u2014\u2014, [16 February 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, February 16, 1794]\nI recollect that Mr. Morris sometime previous to the first of May instant mentioned to me the subject of some new emission money with inquiry what was to be done with it & that I advised its being presented at the Treasury.\nFeby. 16. 1794Alex Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0028", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Bush, 17 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Bush, George\nTreasury Department,February 17th. 1794.\nSir,\nIn your letter of the 5th. instant it is mentioned that the Merchants of Wilmington claimed an indulgence of 30 days after Bonds for duties fall due on a supposition of a similar indulgence at the Bank of the United States.\nThis is probably a mistaken conception of a different arrangement for selling drafts at the Bank upon collectors, for which in some instances a credit of 30 days is allowed to the purchaser and which does not operate to prolong the term of credit to the merchant.\nThe subject respecting drawbacks will be attended to in the present session of Congress and I believe will be regulated as desired.\nIn a recent settlement made at the Treasury with the Judge of the District of Delaware for salary it appears that two quarters salary have been paid to Mr. Bedford by you. Though the payment will be admitted as a credit in your account it ought to be observed that it was not authorised by any instruction from this Department and therefore irregular as well on that account as also deviating from the rule that salary accounts (where there is no instruction to the contrary) are to be paid quarterly upon settlements at the Treasury.\nIt is hoped that proper exertions will be made to bring up such of your returns as may be in arrears.\nI am Sir \u2003 Your Obedient Servant\nAlexander Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0029", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 17 February 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCustomhouseDistrict of Providence 17th. Feby. 1794.\nSir\nI have had an Interview with Ray Greene Esqr. District Attorney, on the Subject of Defending the Suits of Messrs. Arnold & Dexter in the case of the Brigantine Neptune now pending before the Superiour Court to be held in this Town on the 17th March next\u2014but as he has been heretofore, employed by those Gentlemen in the prosecution of these Suits\u2014he now finds his Situation extremely delicate and upon reflection has thought proper to Decline any Further agency in this business\u2014which renders it expedient for me to employ other counsel to assist David Leonard Barnes Esqr. on the Part of the United States, in view to this I have written on the Subject to James Sullivan Esqr. attorney at Law at Boston. I am informed he is a Gentleman of Eminence in his profession.\nThe Justice and propriety of my Defending against these Suits, Supported by able counsel, I presume cannot fail to ensure Success.\nI have the Honor to be very respectfully \u2003 Sir \u2003 your Most Obed. Hum. Servt.\nJereh. Olney Collr.\nAlexander Hamilton Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0033", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Seton, [18 February 1794]\nFrom: Seton, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[New York, February 18, 1794]\nMy Dear sir\nThe enclosed I have just received from Mr. Church with a very polite Letter to myself. He did not then know of the purchases I had made for him, but I am sure they will be satisfactory\u2014the price of Shares still \u27e8con\u27e9tinues at 13 to 13\u00bd \u214c Cent & Exchange about 5 \u214c Cent. \u27e8I hope to\u27e9day or tomorrow to receive a few lines from you \u27e8on the su\u27e9bject.\nI am with the greatest esteem & respect \u2003 Dear sir \u2003 Your Obliged Obedt Sert\nWm Seton\nNew York 18 Feby 94\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0034", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Pierce Butler, 19 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Butler, Pierce\nTreasury DepartmentFeby 19. 1794\nSir\nThe President has communicated to me an application from you on behalf of the State of South Carolina for the original vouchers of that State, which were deposited by its Agent with the commissioners for settling Accounts between the United and Individual States\u2014and by them with the Treasury as part of the Materials upon which the settlement made by them was founded, with direction to reply to it.\nIt is conceived, that these original vouchers cannot with propriety be delivered out of the possession of the Treasury, without some legislative direction for the purpose, until at least the Legislature shall have acted upon the Report of the Commissioners.\nBut if it shall be desired the state may at its own expence obtain copies of the vouchers whenever it shall be thought fit.\nI have the honor to be Sir \u2003 Your most Obed serv\nPierce Butler Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0035", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 19 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Otho H.\nTreasury Department, February 19, 1794. Encloses \u201ca copy of a letter from Mr Wm Jarvis \u2026 which was addressed to the Secretary of State, and by him transmitted to this Department.\u201d States that \u201cthe proper course of proceeding is marked out by law.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0036", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, James Lovell, and Thomas Melville, 20 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lincoln, Benjamin,Lovell, James,Melville, Thomas\nTreasury Department, February 20, 1794. \u201cI am to acknowlege the receipt of your letter of the 31st ultimo, respecting the Petition of the Inspectors and to assure you that early and proper attention will be paid to the subject.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0037", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Nicholson, 20 February 1794\nFrom: Nicholson, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nComp. Gen. Office [Philadelphia]Feby 20th. 1794\nsir\nMy Counsel are desirous of having a Copy of your letter of 20th. March 179[3] in which you refer to Mr. Randolph for his opinion on the subscribability of New Loans of Pennsa. to the Loan of the United states. You have hitherto been so kind in supplying copies of such papers as I applied for that I am in hopes [you] will not think this application troublesome and I believe I shall not need to ask you for any other.\nIf it were not improper I should be glad to have your answer whether as the words subsisting debt is frequently mentioned as a necessary ingredient to the assumability of any State Certificate, whether that was not more particularly intended to guard the Loans from being filled by the States themselves respectively with Certificates before redeemed by them and therefore no longer subsisting debts, as I can have no ideas of a debt ceasing to subsist until it be paid or discharged.\nI am &c\nJN\nThe Honble The secretary of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0038", "content": "Title: Report Relative to a Lighthouse on Cape Hatteras, [20 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President of the Senate\n[Philadelphia, February 20, 1794Communicated on February 22, 1794]\n[To the President of the Senate]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to the order of the Senate of the 28th of March 1792 \u201cdirecting the Secy of the Treasury to inquire into the expediency & report to Congress at their next session, the expediency of erecting a light house at Occracock island, or elsewhere, near the entrances of Occracock Inlet, & an estimate of the probable expense,\u201d respectfully makes the following Report.\nUpon receipt of that order, he instructed the Commissioner of the Revenue (who is charged with the immediate care of that branch of the Treasury business which respects Light House Establishments) to make the proper inquiries concerning the subject of it. But having for a long time entertained an opinion that a Light House on some part of Cape Hatteras would be an establishment of very general utility to the navigation of the united States, he judged it a fit occasion to unite with an examination of the scene indicated by the order an examination of the situations on the Cape adapted to a Light House and of such other circumstances as were necessary to be attended to in forming a judgment of the practicability and expediency of erecting and maintaining a light House on the Cape. And accordingly he charged the Commissioner with the collateral inquiry likewise.\nThe result of the Investigation on both points is herewith presented in a letter from the commissioner dated the 27th of January last, accompanied with an estimate of the expence of such an Erection as appears eligible within the scene designated by the order.\nIt is submitted as the opinion of the Secretary that it would be adviseable as well to erect a Light House of the first rate on Cape Hatteras (the requisite cession being previously obtained for the purpose) as to establish a beacon of the kind described in the Estimate on the land ceded by the State of North Carolina for the site of a Light House.\nAll of which is respectfully submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasy\nTreasury Department February 20th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0041", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 24 February 1794\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Amsterdam] 24 February 1794.\nSir!\nWe had the pleasure to address you our last respects the 4th Instant, and have now to acknowledge Receipt of the Triplicate of your esteemed favor of 26 November last, Original and Duplicate of which have not yet reached us.\nWe have advice of the Bank of the United States having drawn upon us a Bill for one hundred Thousand Guilders to the order of Mr. Samuel Meredith Treasurer of the United States. But the remittance of it is not come to our hands, neither have We received from the Bank any the least Information, of the provisional Arrangement you acquaint us to have made with that Institution, for securing payment of the Interests due here by the United States up to the first proximo inclusive: Such delays in the Arrival of Letters, evince most forcibly, the propriety of making early provision for the engagements of the United States falling due here, and of sending us by every opportunity, during the War, Copies of all interesting Communications You may have to make unto us; It affords us at same time an additional reason to the numerous Ones We before had, to be highly pleased at our success in the New Loan We opened the 1st ultimo.\nInclosed We hand You Copy of the Account Current of the United States with us between the 1st of February and the 30th of March last, and of the Letter in which We originally transmitted same to You.\nWe are respectfully \u2003 Sir! \u2003 Your most ob. hb. Servants\nWilliam & Jan Willink\nN & J Van Staphorst & Hubbard\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0042", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Theodore Sedgwick, 25 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Sedgwick, Theodore\nTreasury Department, February 25, 1794.\nSir:\nThe following are answers to the questions stated in your Letter of the 22d instant, viz.\nAnswer to question the first.\nAll moneys collected on account of the United States, and deposited in the Banks to the credit of the Treasurer, are considered as in the Treasury from the time of the deposite. The steady course with regard to the standing revenue is, that the money deposited in Bank passes immediately to the credit of the Treasurer.\nBut it is necessary to discharge the payers, that receipts of the Treasurer should be endorsed upon warrants signed by the Secretary, countersigned by the Comptroller, and registered by the Register, which is the course regularly observed.\nAnswer to question the second.\nAfter moneys are deposited in Banks to the credit of the Treasurer, they are in his control, though they may not legally be disbursed but upon warrants of the above description. If deposited without passing in the first instance to the credit of the Treasurer, the means used for placing them in his custody and disposal are warrants of the like kind.\nAnswer to question the third.\nIn respect to any moneys of the United States, deposited in Banks, but not passed to the credit of the Treasurer, the Banks are considered as directly responsible to the United States; in the case of desposites to the credit of the Treasurer, they are responsible in the first instance, to him, ultimately to the United States.\nAnswer to question the fourth.\nOnly two cases are recollected, in which moneys of the United States may be considered as having been deposited in Bank without passing, in the first instance, into the account of the Treasurer. These relate, first, to the proceeds of foreign bills sold for the Government and received by the Bank, (all accounts of which are now closed;) second, to the sum of $200,000, being the only sum now so deposited, which arises from the last loan had of the Bank. It is left (subject to the eventual decision of the Legislature,) as an offset against the second instalment of the two million loan from the Bank.\nThe effect of the operation will be this: An interest of six per cent., payable to the Bank upon the instalment, will be extinguished from the 31st December last, by an interest of five per cent., payable to the Bank upon the sum borrowed of itself and left in deposite. And it has been endeavored, thereby, to preserve consistency and regularity in the arrangements of the Treasury. The first instalment, by leaving in deposite an equal sum of the proceeds of foreign bills, was considered as effected on the 31st December, 1792, though there was not power to consummate the payment till some months after. Hence, it becomes regular, that each succeeding instalment should be paid on the last of December of each year. The provisional measure, thus adopted, was the only expedient in the power of the Treasury to reconcile, as far as practicable, considerations relative to the public interest and credit, with the legality of procedure. Neither the sum in deposite, on the one hand, nor the instalment payable to the Bank, on the other, is brought into the probable state of cash lately presented to the House of Representatives; because they balance each other and leave the result the same.\nThere are no existing sources from which moneys can come into the Bank on account of the United States, except from the proceeds of the revenue, which, as far as known, are comprized in the statement before the House of Representatives. So that there is no resource but a loan which can supply the deficit of receipt in the course of the present and succeeding quarters, compared with the expenditure; without one, a failure in the public payments is inevitable.\nIf what has been said should not give the Committee the light they desire, it is imagined that personal explanations would lead more fully to their object than the course of written interrogatories and answers, which can only partially embrace the subject, and may procrastinate a right understanding of it.\nI am sir, with esteem and regard, &c.,\nAlex. Hamilton.\nTheodore Sedgwick, Esq.,Chairman of the Committee.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0043", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Abraham Baldwin, 26 February 1794\nFrom: Baldwin, Abraham\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia 26th. February 1794\nSir,\nThe Committee, appointed in pursuance of the inclosed resolutions, have directed me to make you acquainted with the business of their appointment. Whilst they assure themselves of your chearful co-operation in giving the fullest effect to the wishes of the House, they are desirous it should be done, in a manner, least troublesome to yourself, and most accommodated to your wishes.\nThe Committee will meet at 10 o\u2019clock on Saturday next; any thing, which may occur to you on the occasion, which you wish to submit to the consideration of the Committee, either personally, or in writing, they will be happy to receive.\nYrs &c.\nAb. Baldwin, Chairman.\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0044", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Stephen Girard, 26 February 1794\nFrom: Girard, Stephen\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, February 26, 1794. \u201cI have Sent to Bordeaux a new Ship \u2026 with a Cargo of Tobacco, Rice, Cotton, &c. That vessel arrived at her destination on the 13 day of July last and has been detained there for five Months, by an Embargo.\u2026 The Supercargo (my Brother John Girard a Citizen of the United States) \u2026 informs me that he had been forced to unload part thereof and \u2026 that the French Governement would take Possession of the Said Cargo. As the above vessel and Goods are my own Property I \u2026 hope You will \u2026 Take Such Steps therein as Justice and the Interest of a Citizen of the United States may requiere.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0045", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Abraham Baldwin, 27 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Baldwin, Abraham\nTreasury Department Feby. 27. 1794\nSir\nI have this morning received your Note of yesterday as Chairman of the Committee on the State of the Treasury Department.\nI beg the Committee to accept my acknowlegement for the politeness they manifest. They are not mistaken in assuring themselves of my most cheerful cooperation to give the fullest effect to the object with which they are charged.\nIn this disposition, I shall with pleasure meet them at the time appointed when I hope a plan of proceeding may be concerted which will be mutually convenient, and effectual to the end in view.\nI have the honor Sir to be \u2003 With perfect respect \u2003 Your most Obed serv\nAbraham Baldwin EsquireChairman &c", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0046", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Stephen Moylan, 27 February 1794\nFrom: Moylan, Stephen\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] February 27, 1794. \u201cThe secretary of War has sent to this Office as list of the names & the Sums to which the Military Invalids of this State are entitled to for Six Months of their Annual Pension from the 4th day of Septr. 1793 and which will become due on the 5th day of March 1794 the Amount of which is Eight thousand two hundred & twenty five Dollars & sixteen Cents for which sum I crave a Warrant.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0047", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Frederick A. C. Muhlenberg, 27 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Muhlenberg, Frederick A. C.\nTreasury Department, February 27th. 1794.\nSir,\nI have the honor to transmit Reports on sundry petitions heretofore submitted to me by the House of Representatives, as specified in the list herewith enclosed,\nThe enquiry lately instituted by the House into the State of the Treasury Department will necessarily occupy me so much, as cooperating with the requisite Attention to the general objects of the Department, must render it impossible for me in the course of the present Session to devote any part of my time to the Consideration of the individual Cases, which remain of those from time to time referred to me, and which are still numerous.\nAs several of these references are of long standing, owing to an Excess of business, and the Anxiety of parties has become very urgent, I submit it to the House whether it may not be advisable to revoke the remaining references to me and put them in another train.\nWith perfect Respect \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most obedient Servant\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nThe HonorableThe Speaker of the house of Representativesof the United States.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0049", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Pinckney, 27 February 1794\nFrom: Pinckney, Thomas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nLondon 27 Febry 1794\nMy dear Sir\nI have no occasion to introduce Mr La Colombe to your acquaintance\u2014as you are no stranger to his merit & services & to the confidence reposed in him by our unfortunate friend M. Lafayette\u2014but I take the liberty of troubling you with my sollicitation that in case any difficulties should be made to this Gentleman\u2019s receiving what is due to him from the United States, on account of the absence of his certificate (which it is impossible for him to produce under the existing circumstances) you will have the goodness to use your endeavours to obviate them. I have procured for him the interest in his certificate without the production of that instrument, which I trust, Knowing You, will be the case also with the principal.\nOur fellow Soldier Col. Laumoy is nearly in the same situation with respect to his certificate give me leave also to recommend his case to your protection.\nMr. Cadignan an aide de camp & friend of M. Lefayette accompanies M. Lecolumbe. I beg to introduce him to your attention. Mr & Mrs Church with their family are well\u2014be pleased to present my best respects to Mrs. Hamilton & believe me to be with sincere esteem\nYour faithful & obed Servt:\nThomas Pinckney\nCol. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0050", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Jacob Bailey, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred the Petition of Jacob Bailey by an Order of the House of Representatives of the 25th of May 1790, thereupon respectfully Reports\u2014\nThat the Secretary has caused inquiry to be made at the proper Office of the Treasury concerning the Case of the Petitioner, and has received the following Information Vizt.\nThe Commissioner for settling the Accounts of the Quarter-Master Department, was directed by the resolution of Congress of the 30th of October 1783 to settle the Accounts of Jacob Bailey, which he had against the United States, for money advanced, supplies furnished, and for Services rendered by him. Pursuant to this resolution the Commissioner did on the 6th of November 1783 make a Settlement with the Petitioner for Supplies &ca. to the St Francois Tribe of Indians, and for secret Services performed by him under instructions from the Commander in Chief. Upon this Settlement a balance of 2905 dollars was paid to the Petitioner upon his giving an Obligation to the Commissioner that no further Charge whatever, should be brought against the United States on account of the Indians.\nIt appears also, that his Accounts relative to the Quarter-Master Department have been settled in June 1790, upon which Settlement he received a balance of 1298 Dollars and 63 Cents, and that the Petitioner has moreover made other Settlements with several State Commissioners.\nUpon this View of the Case, there does not appear to the Secretary any ground for the Interposition of Congress in favor of the Petitioner.\nAll which is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department February 27th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0051", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Elisha Bennett, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President of the Senate\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the President of the Senate]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred the petition of Elisha Bennett, by an order of the Senate of the 20th. of November 1792, thereupon Respectfully Reports\nThat the claim of the Petitioner is one, to the adjustment of which the power of the Treasury is competent.\nThat it has been rejected at the Auditors Office for the following reasons:\nThe only paper in that Office relating to the frigate Trumbull, while under the command of Dudley Saltonstall, is a muster Roll signed by him and dated the 15th of September 1777, by which it appears that Elisha Bennett entered on board the said frigate in the Capacity of second Mate on the 13th. of January 1777.\nIt appears from the Books and Records of the late Marine Department that Captn. Saltonstall received from the Public, through different channels, to the amount of 22,416 Dollars: the whole of which remains unaccounted for, and which it is to be supposed was advanced for the purpose of discharging the wages due to the Crew.\nThis supposition is supported by the following circumstances. It appears first\u2014that the Vessels disbursements were made by the Agents, Secondly, That a Pay Master was not appointed for the Eastern Department until August or September 1778 previous to which period advances were generally made to the Captains for the purpose of paying the Crew; and thirdly, that very few applications have been made to the late Commissioner or at the Auditors Office for balances due for the time that Captain Saltonstall had the command of the Trumbull. Such as were made to the Commissioner were accompanied with Certificates signed by Captain Saltonstall, stating, that agreeably to the ship Books a certain sum remained due to the Claimant.\nOn the 12th. of June 1787 the late Commissioner of Marine accounts finding no regular Rolls relative to the Trumbull, for the time she was under the command of Captain Saltonstall, called on him to render his account and the Ships books. He received for answer that the papers of the Trumbull were burnt in the conflagration of New London, and that those relating to the Warren, while under his Command, were lost with that Vessel in the Expedition to Penobscot.\nThe bare information of Persons making demands upon the United States, not confirmed by any authentic document, as in the present instance, particularly as it relates to monies, which may have been received by the Claimants, on account, is considered as an insufficient ground for adjusting such demands. And under all the circumstances before mentioned it has hitherto appeared dangerous and improper to attempt a settlement with any of the Persons who served on board the Trumbull under Captain Saltonstall.\nThese reasons appear to the Secretary valid, and such as in his opinion would render any special interposition in favor of the Petitioner unadviseable.\nWhich is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasy\nTreasury Department February 27th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0053", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of James Bingham, John Hertell, James Craven, and John Evans, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury, to whom was referred by an Order of the House of Representatives of the 12th of February 1791, the Petition of James Bingham, John Hertell, James Craven and John Evans of the City of New York, Guagers, thereupon respectfully makes the following Report\u2014\nThe Petition seeks Compensation for computing and marking a Number of Cases of Geneva, prior to the operation of the Collection Law of the 4th of August 1790, when there was no specific allowance established by Law for the Service mentioned.\nIt is a convenient general rule that public Services performed in the ordinary routine, should be left, as to compensation, to the existing legal provisions when they were performed, that retrospective Compensations should be avoided; and that where allowances are inadequate, the remedy should have a future Operation only.\nIn the present case there do not occur in the Opinion of the Secretary any Motives sufficiently cogent to induce a deviation from the general rule, and to justify on his part a Suggestion favourable to the prayer of the Petitioners.\nWhich is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department February 27th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0054", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Oliver Bowen, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by an Order of the House of Representatives of the 16th of February 1793, the Petition of Oliver Bowen, thereupon respectfully reports as follows\u2014\nThe petition seeks an Allowance of Interest upon a Settlement made by the State of Georgia in the year 1783, for Supplies furnished during the late War.\nThe Secretary is of Opinion that an interference and allowance of the kind desired by the Petitioner would be altogether without precedent against the Course of public business, and in its principle would lead to inextricable embarrassment and Confusion.\nWhich is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury\nTreasury Department February 27th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0059", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of George Fechem, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred the Petition of George Fechem of Massachusetts, by an Order of the House of Representatives, of the 4th of February 1793 thereupon respectfully submits the following Report\u2014\nThe Object of the petition is the settlement of three different Claims against the United States of the following nature.\nThe first arises on a Contract for a quantity of liquor, furnished for the Use of the army at West-point.\nThe second Claim relates to expenses said to have been incurred, as an Express.\nThe third is for boarding and nursing a sick soldier.\nWith regard to the Claim first mentioned, it appears from a certain Contract, concluded at Fishkill on the 27th of June 1780, that the Petitioner supplied the Army at West-point with a quantity of Liquor, which agreeably to the said Contract, amounted to 100,235 dollars, payable on or before the 1st. October 1780, with Interest until paid, and with an Allowance for whatever depreciation might happen.\nApplication was made by the Petitioner to Ephraim Blaine, Commissary General of Purchases for payment; who, on the 28th. of October 1780, obtained a Warrant from Congress, upon the Commissioner of Loans for the State of Massachusetts, for the purpose of discharging the said Contract. This Warrant, being for the exact Amount mentioned in the Contract, was paid by the Commissioner of Loans to the Petitioner in full, on the 15th. of November 1780, as appears by his own receipt.\nThis payment, it is conceived, was at the time considered as in full for the Contract beforementioned. The business was transacted by Mr. Fechem himself and it is not known that he then, nor until the present Application, made any further demands on that Account.\nIt would appear from the terms of the Contract, that the petitioner was intitled to Interest and to Allowance of depreciation (if any). Why it was not claimed at the proper time, when Mr. Fechem received payment, can only be matter of Conjecture. A Resolve of Congress of the 26th of August 1780, leads however to a surmise, that the Petitioner may have considered the payment in the manner it was made, favorable and satisfactory; the Resolve is in the Words following:\n\u201cThat all and singular the Creditors of these United States, for Supplies furnished the Army, or the transportation thereof, shall be entitled to receive the just Value of the Sums due to them respectively, in the bills of Credit emitted pursuant to the Act of the 18th. of March last, the Value of the sums due to be ascertained according to the current Value of continenal Bills of Credit compared with Specie, at the time the Money became due, at the place where the Supplies were furnished; provided the same do not exceed the prices fixed for such Supplies, by the Act of the 25th. of February last, or a proportional value for services done, and articles furnished, not mentioned in the same Act; but if the nominal Sum in continental currency, contracted for, when reduced to Specie Value as aforesaid, shall exceed the fixed prices aforesaid, the Creditor shall be entitled to receive the Amount of the Supplies furnished or Services done at the said fixed or proportionate prices, in the New Bills aforesaid, or the nominal Sum contracted for in continental Bills of Credit, and no more at his election.\u201d\nIt appears that the Petitioner made his election to receive the Sum due him in new Emission Bills of Credit, which, considering the prices of the Articles, it is presumable, may have been deemed good payment. But if the justness of the Claim were still doubtful, it is barred by the Act of Limitation of the 23d. of July 1787.\nIn regard to the Second Claim, an Account is produced by the Petitioner in which it is stated that he was ordered by Major General Howe, to carry Letters from Fishkill to Philadelphia where he was detained from the 19th. to the 30th. of October 1780; that he was then impressed by Colonel Blaine to carry letters to the Eastward. This Account is made up of traveling Expenses &ca. from the 15th of October to the 15th. November 1780.\nIt appears incidentally by the Documents relative to the former Claim abovementioned, that the Petitioner came to Philadelphia about the time he states; the Warrant which he received from Colonel Blaine being dated the 28th. of October 1780, and that on the 15th. of November 1780, (the date on which the Account of travelling Expenses terminates) the Petitioner received payment for his Warrant in Boston.\nBut there is no proof of Mr. Fechem\u2019s coming to Philadelphia as an Express by order of Major General Howe, and of his being thence sent as an Express to the Eastward by Colonel Blaine. This Claim would therefore not only be inadmissible on the Score of not being supported by proper Vouchers, but it is besides precluded by the Act of limitation.\nThe last of the Claims in the Order in which they have been mentioned, is that for boarding and nursing a sick Soldier, from the 10th of December 1783 to the 17th of February 1784. This relates to a period when the Army was disbanded. There are no Vouchers produced in Support of the Claim, and there is no Law of the United States authorizing the Charge.\nUpon the whole, the Secretary is of Opinion that no reasons appear in the nature of the Claims of the Petitioner sufficiently special to require an interference of the Legislature, and to supersede the Act of limitation by which they are all precluded.\nAll which is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department February 27th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0060", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Hugh Ferguson, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by an Order of the House of Representatives of the 3d. of February 1792, the petition of Hugh Ferguson, thereupon respectfully Reports as follows\u2014\nIt appears from the documents of the Treasury, that the petitioners Accounts have been regularly and finally settled by the Commissioner for settling the Accounts of the Commissary Department; that upon the Settlement, there was a balance found due to him of Two thousand two hundred and fifty nine Dollars and eighty two Cents; and that he received a Certificate for this balance, bearing Interest from the first of January 1778. This will be more particularly seen by a certified Copy of the Settlement herewith transmitted.\nNo circumstances appear in the Case of a nature sufficiently special to outweigh the cogent Considerations which oppose the revision of past Settlements. The point upon which it could turn, would, it is conceived, be essentially a question of Depreciation.\nAll of which is respectfully submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury\nTreasury Department, February 27th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0061", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Lawrence Fonda, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury, to whom was referred the Petition of Lawrence Fonda, by an order of the House of Representatives of the 16th of March 1792 thereupon respectfully makes the following Report\u2014\nIt appears that the Petitioner was an Assistant Deputy Commissary of Forage under the direction of Andrew Bostwick Deputy Commissary General of Forage for the State of New York from June 1778 to October 1779, that he continued in Office under the direction of Morgan Lewis from that time to August 1780, and that he received Compensation from the 1st. of October 1779 to the 1st. of August 1780.\nBut there is no evidence of his having been compensated for the antecedent period. The Accounts of Mr. Bostwick have been neither rendered nor settled, and his Situation leaves little hope for the future that the Defect will be remedied.\nThe Character of the petitioner justifies a belief that his representation is well founded, yet in point of precedent there would be great danger to the Public in admitting Claims of this nature where the accounts of principals are not in possession of the public offices. And from Burnings, Bankruptcies and other Causes, there are numerous examples of the want of such Accounts.\nThe difficulty of an adjustment on the Suggestion of the party will be seen in the present Case, when it is observed that the Petitioner having been a purchaser under Mr. Bostwick, it ought to be known from his Accounts whether any and what Monies may have been advanced, for purchases, how they were applied and accounted for, before an adequate idea could be formed of the State of the Claim for Compensation.\nIt does not appear that the petitioner has advanced a claim in time to avoid the operation of the Acts of Limitation: To make an exception in his favour under the Circumstance which has been stated would not in the opinion of the Secretary be adviseable.\nThe allowance of a Claim for the amount of the Physician\u2019s Bill, would, it is believed, be without precedent and full of inconvenience. There is no Sanction for it in the Laws.\nAll which is respectfully submitted.\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department February 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0062", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of James Gamble, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred the Petition of James Gamble by an Order of the House of Representatives of the 14th. instant thereupon respectfully Reports\u2014\nThat the Claim of the petitioner has been heretofore considered and rejected, as appears, on the Journals of Congress under date the 15th of April 1784.\nThat the Petitioner having been informed of this decision, (of which it would seem he had no knowledge) has concluded to discontinue the Claim, in consequence of which a Legislative Interference is rendered unnecessary.\nAll which is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department February 27th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0063", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of William Hardy and Joseph Bedford, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by an order of the House of Representatives of the 24th May 1790, the Petition of William Hardy and Joseph Bedford, thereupon respectfully Reports\u2014\nThat upon inquiry it is understood to be true, that the Petitioners were employed by direction of the late Board of Treasury, in the examination, counting and destroying of the Old Emission Money, and that there remains a certain Sum due to them respectively, which the Board refused to allow, because part of the Charge for which Compensation is claimed relates to a period, which is subsequent to the time, when the Board had directed the Treasurer to discontinue the business in which the petitioners were engaged.\nThe Treasurer not having complied with the direction of the Board (which however cannot be referred to any improper motive) whatever responsibility it might involve on his part to the Government, does not appear an adequate Cause for refusing Compensation to persons whom he continued to employ, and who in fact rendered a Service useful to the public, deserving compensation, and who were to be considered as public Agents not as private Agents of Mr. Hillegas. In this light the Case of the petitioners presents itself as a proper one for relief, which in the opinion of the Secretary would be justly afforded by authorising the accounting officers of the Treasury to admit and settle the Claim.\nAll which is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department February 27th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0064", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Joseph Henry, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by the House of Representatives the Petition of Joseph Henry respectfully submits the following Report\u2014\nThe above mentioned Petition seeks compensation by way of rent for the use of a Lot of Ground in the County of Frederick in the State of Virginia which in February 1781, was let by Mathias Bush to certain Agents of that State for the Accommodation of British Prisoners of War captured by the Army of the United States. The Petitioner claims as Assignee of Mathias Bush.\nThe foundation of the Claim is an Agreement under Seal between Philip Bush as Agent of Mathias Bush, and Joseph Holmes, John Smith and Isaac Zane, in Character of Agents for the State of Virginia, demising the land \u201cfor and during the War between the United States and Great Britain, to cut, use and enjoy all the Timber that might be wanting for the Use of the United States or any of them either for building or fuel for Troops belonging to the same or prisoners captured by them or any nation in Alliance with them\u201d in Consideration that the State of Virginia should pay a yearly Sum of twenty Pounds, Virginia Currency, and Six pence \u214c Cord for all the Wood that should be used.\nA Certificate of Joseph Holmes is produced, shewing the quantity of Wood calculated to have been used, and stating the Sum to be paid on the Agreement, as well for rent as Wood at three hundred and forty Pounds Virginia Currency.\nAn Order of Council of the Commonwealth of Virginia of the 27th. of July 1790, is also produced, referring the Petitioner to the General Government for payment, on the ground of the Contract appearing to have been made for Continental purposes\u2014whence it is to be inferred that the Claim remains unsatisfied.\nIt results therefore that Mathias Bush or the Petitioner, as his Assignee had a well founded and well ascertained Claim which is still unsatisfied.\nBut being grounded on a Contract with the State of Virginia, though for purposes relative to the United States, and originating under their Authority, it is conceived, that it was the most proper course of the Transaction, according to the practice of the times, that the State of Virginia should have satisfied the Demand and charged it to the United States.\nTo vary this course at present would be liable to strong Objections. The extent or number of cases, in which similar Claims might arise is unknown. Questions concerning Acts of limitation, as well of the particular States as of the United States, might embarrass. Investigations of Claims founded on transactions with Officers and Agents of particular States, respecting which the public Offices of the United States do not afford competent evidence, the real State of which can only be known from sources over which the United States have no Superintendence or Controul, must be regarded as liable to hazard, uncertainty and abuse; especially, when it is added, that in some Cases the losses of papers and Vouchers of the States are impediments to an adequate investigation even by themselves. Though a particular instance should seem to be free from material difficulty, the precedent might lead to more future perplexity than could beforehand be appreciated.\nIf the Claim is to be regarded as originally against the United States, it is barred by the Acts of Limitation. \u2019Tis probable the same Circumstance would attend most other cases that could arise. It must increase the difficulty of maintaining the necessary barriers derived from those Acts against Claims alleged to arise from Transactions immediately with or by the Officers and Agents of the United States, if they are waved in favor of Claims arising from transactions with Officers and Agents of the particular States.\nUpon the whole, the Secretary does not perceive that the Claim of the Petitioner can be recognized by the United States without forming a precedent endangering embarrassment and disorder.\nAll which is humbly submitted.\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury DepartmentFebruary 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0065", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of John Hobby, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by an Order of the House of Representatives of the 17th of April 1792, the Petition of John Hobby of Portland thereupon respectfully reports as follows\u2014\nThe Petitioner is possessed of a Certificate issued in his favour by the Late Quarter Master General for 163 dollars and 12 Ninetieths, which Certificate has not been admitted at the Treasury for the like reason as stated in a Report on the Petition of Timothy Pickering.\nThe Act of the 12th. of February 1793 being considered as providing for this Claim, it is conceived that it will be expedient to let the Petitioner avail himself of the Regulations of that Act.\nWhich is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury DepartmentFebruary 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0066", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of John R. Livingston, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by the House of Representatives, the Memorial of John R. Livingston respectfully reports thereupon as follows\u2014\nThe object of the said memorial is to seek the revision of certain Statements of the Account of the Memorialist with the United States, and a Settlement upon principles deemed by him more equitable.\nThe facts which appear in relation to these Statements, are as follow\u2014\nThe Accounts to which the memorial relates are for manufacturing powder in the Years 1776 & 1777, and though some of the Vouchers for said Accounts appear to have been delivered to the Secret Committee in the year 1777, and others to the Commissioner of Accounts at Albany in the Year 1778, yet no Statement appears to have been made until May 1784, when the Accounts were examined by the Clerks of the Treasury and a balance found due to the United States in Specie the Sum of Eight hundred and forty three dollars and Sixty ninetieths. The Memorialist was also by said Settlement held accountable to the public for three thousand, four hundred and eighty two pounds of refined Saltpetre, which was valued at two thousand, Six hundred and eleven dollars and forty five ninetieths; the Statement made by the Clerks was approved by Mr. Mercier the late Auditor, but it is not found that it was ever confirmed by the then Comptroller of the Treasury.\nIt also appears that Benjamin Walker Esqr. late Commissioner, was, in the Year 1789, directed by the Board of Treasury to examine and liquidate the Claims of the Memorialist, who demanded a balance of Seven thousand three hundred Dollars from the United States. By the Statement made by Mr. Walker, a balance of Nine hundred and eighty-nine dollars and thirty four ninetieths was admitted to be due to the Memorialist, as appears by Mr. Walker\u2019s Report to the Board of Treasury herewith transmitted.\nTo this Statement made by Mr. Walker, the Board of Treasury did not agree; and they appear to have examined the Statement which was made by the Clerks in May 1784, and to have confirmed the same by determining that the balance of 843 \u2076\u2079\u2044\u2089\u2080 Dollars was due to the United States with Interest thereon, and also the current Value of 3482 lbs of Saltpetre and ten Barrels of Sulphur, at the time the same were received.\nBut it does not appear, that this decision was ever passed to the Register to be recorded, which affords a presumption, that it might have been intended to be held suspended by the Board for. reconsideration It may therefore be viewed as not having gone through all the forms requisite to its absolute and final Completion.\nUnder this Circumstance, from the very material Variance between the different Statements, from the probability, that there may have been, as suggested by the Memorialist, some manifest Omissions to his prejudice, It is respectfully submitted as a Case which may deserve the favorable Consideration of Congress, so far as to direct a further and final Settlement by the Accounting Officers of the Treasury.\nWhich is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury DepartmentFebruary 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0068", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of John McLean, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury, to whom was referred, by an Order of the House of Representatives of the 26th. of December 1793, the Petition of John McLean, thereupon respectfully reports, as follows\u2014\nThe Petitioner claims compensation for damages done upon his Farm in Dutchess County in the State of New York by the American Army in the Year 1778. This being a Case in principle similar to that of Joseph Beale and others, reported upon the 19th. of November 1792, the [Secretary] respectfully refers the House to that Report.\nThe Claim is understood to be barred by the Acts of limitation, and nothing special appears recommendatory of a discrimination in favor of the Petitioner.\nWhich is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury DepartmentFebruary 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0069", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Joseph Packwood, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred the Petition of Joseph Packwood by an Order of the House of Representatives, of the 21st. of June 1790, thereupon respectfully makes the following Report\u2014\nIt appears from the Statement of the petitioner that he shipped certain Goods at the Island of Hispaniola, on his own Account, destined for New London, in the Schooner John and Joseph; that the Vessel on her Voyage was captured by a British Ship, on or about the 1st. of April 1776, and afterwards retaken by a continental Vessel, and brought into the Port of New London: that possession was taken of the said Schooner and cargo by the Continental agent, Nathaniel Shaw, and appropriated for the Use and benefit of the Public; one half of the Net Proceeds having been allowed and paid to the petitioner.\nThe legality of these proceedings is questioned by the Petitioner on the ground that the transaction took place prior to the declaration of Independence of the United States\u2014that there was at that time no Law declaring the recaptors, in such cases intitled to Salvage, and that the Schooner and her Cargo were never condemned in any Court of Admiralty, the Petitioner admittingly verbally that this was because there was no Court then organized.\nThe Petitioner is mistaken that there was at the time no law relative to prizes recaptured. A Resolution of Congress passed as early as the 5th. of December 1775 which directs, that when a Vessel was recaptured which had remained in possession of the enemy more than ninety Six hours, the one half of the proceeds (if the Vessel was not condemned, in which Case the whole would go to the Captors) should revert to the Owners, and the other half to the Captors, and agreeably to the said resolution the division appears to have been made.\nIt is mentioned by the Petitioner that the proceedings in his Case were contrary to the Sense of the resolutions of Congress of the 23d. of March 1776, by which it is provided, that no Vessel bringing Arms, Ammunition or Warlike Stores, for the Use of the United States, or of any of the Inhabitants thereof, shall be made prize of. But these resolutions evidently extend only to the Subjects of Great Britain bringing Arms, Ammunition &ca. for the Use of the United States or of any of the Inhabitants thereof, and are therefore not applicable to the Case of the Petitioner.\nThe presumption at this day (and indeed nothing is alleged to the Contrary) is, that the Petitioner received in Substance the proper measure of Justice and according to the intent of the resolution of Congress of the 5th. of December 1775\u2014that a want of formality is the basis of his application\u2014that a ground of this kind cannot safely be admitted as a basis for the special interposition of Congress, in relation to a transaction of so early a date, when the requisite organs of Government were not yet sufficiently established and regulated.\nIt is also understood that the Claim is barred by the Acts of Limitation.\nAll which is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury DepartmentFebruary 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0070", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Timothy Pickering, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794 Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by an order of the House of Representatives of the 3d. of March 1792, the Petition of Timothy Pickering, thereupon respectfully reports as follows\u2014\nIt is understood that the Claims, to which the said petition refers, have been liquidated and covered by written Certificates of the proper Officers.\nThe[y] have not been heretofore admitted by reason of a certain rule of the Treasury, founded upon the Construction of Acts of Congress, not to allow any Claims of which a Return had not been made to the Treasury by the proper Officer pursuant to those Acts.\nIt is conceived, that Claims of this nature are among those contemplated in the Act of the last Session, intitled \u201cAn Act relative to Claims against the United States, not barred by any Act of limitation, and which have not been already adjusted\u201d and that they will find their most proper Course under the provisions of that Act.\nAll which is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury\nTreasury DepartmentFebruary 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0071", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Samuel Prioleau, Junior, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury, to whom was referred the Memorial of Samuel [Prioleau, Jr.], respectfully reports thereupon as follows\u2014\nThe Memorial seeks compensation for sundry buildings of the Memorialist situate in the Town of Charleston, which are alleged to have been pulled down by Order of General Lincoln, then Commander of the Army of the United States, that the Materials might be applied to the defence of the Town.\nThe Allegation is supported by Certificates of George Melven Assistant Deputy Quarter Master General, and of John Neufville and J. Saraizn who appear to have been appointed by Governor Rutledge to appraise the buildings, which they certify to be worth 10,000 pounds South Carolina Currency, Exchange with Great Britain 700 for one.\nIt would appear likewise from an Indorsement, in the hand writing of the then Secretary of Congress on the paper herewith transmitted, that Application had been made to Congress by the Memoralist in February 1782, and that they had ordered his papers to be filed in the Comptroller\u2019s Office, a mode which was sometimes adopted by way of referring the case, to future consideration, after the termination of the War. But no Order for the purpose appears in this Instance on the Journal, as does in some other instances.\nIt is, in the Opinion of the Secretary, a clear principle, that Compensation is due from the State to a Citizen whose buildings have been taken down, and the Materials applied to public Use by Order of the Commanding General of an Army in the Service of such State; and that therefore supposing the facts stated to be sufficiently proved, the Memorialist had a just Claim for Compensation from the United States.\nA question arises whether that Claim is now barred by the Acts of Limitation. It does not appear to have been preferred in the manner required by those Acts. But there is room to consider the Application to Congress in 1782, and a reference of the Case by them to future Consideration as a virtual exception to the Operation of those Acts.\nThe Claim is of a Nature to require, in the opinion of the Secretary a favorable Consideration. He therefore submits it as adviseable to authorise the accounting Officers of the Treasury to examine into, and if duly established to allow the Claim.\nWhich is respectfully submitted.\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury DepartmentFebruary 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0072", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of James Read, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred the Memorial of James Read by an order of the House of Representatives of the 29th. of April 1790, thereupon respectfully reports.\nThat the facts stated by the memorialist are understood to be true.\nThat the paper No. 2 herewith is a true Copy of a report made on the Subject to Congress by the late Board of Treasury upon a former Application.\nThat the ground of the said report rejecting the claim of additional compensation to the Memorialist, for discharging the duties of Paymaster, whilst acting as Secretary to the Agent of Marine, and admitting the Claim for Expences, in removing the Books and papers of his Office from Bordentown to Baltimore appears under all the Circumstances of the Case to be good and equitable.\nConformably to these ideas, it will, in the Opinion of the Secretary, be right, to allow the Claim for expences, it being not barred by any Act of Limitation; and to authorize the Accounting Officers of the Treasury to make a Settlement of those objects with the Memorialist.\nAll which is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury DepartmentFebruary 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0074", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Barent I. Staats, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President of the Senate\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the President of the Senate]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by the Senate the petition of Barent I Staats respectfully reports thereupon as follows\nThe claim of the petitioner appears to be one of those, for the due consideration and adjustment of which, provision is made by the Act passed the 12th of February 1793 relative to claims against the United States not barred by any act of Limitation and which have not been already adjusted.\nIt appears therefore adviseable that the Petitioner should be left to the Course of relief prescribed by that Act.\nWhich is respectfully submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasy\nTreasury Department February 27th 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0076", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of William Stearns, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by the House of Representatives, the Petition of William Stearns thereupon respectfully reports as follows\u2014\nThe Petitioner in Capacity of Administrator of the Estate of Peleg Stearns deceased, claims compensation for certain property stated to have been taken by and applied to the use of the Continental Army at Charlestown in the State of Massachusetts in the year 1775.\nIt appears by the petitioner\u2019s own Shewing that the Claim was brought before the Commissioner of the United States appointed pursuant to a resolution of Congress of the 3d. of June 1784 and was adjusted by him on such principles as he deemed right, according to which Compensation was made. Reasons of conclusive force dissuade from unsettling the proceedings of the Commissioners who acted under that resolution. There would be no end to the applications for revision, and in most Cases no Satisfactory criterion by which to distinguish those intitled to relief from those of a Contrary Character.\nA Report of the Secretary of the 19th. of November 1792 on the Petition of Joseph Beale and others, suggests several cogent Considerations which are applicable to the Case and operate against the prayer of the Petitioner.\nAll which is humbly submitted.\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department February 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0077", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Edward Telfair and John Wereat, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by the House of Representatives, the Petition of Edward Telfair and John Wereat respectfully reports thereupon as follows\u2014\nThe object of the petition is to obtain compensation for a quantity of Melasses stated to have been furnished to the Commissary General in Georgia for the use of the Troops of the United States; the Claim for which was prevented to have been duly preferred and substantiated by the loss of the Books and papers of the Petitioners in consequence of events of War in 1778.\nThe documents now offered as a Substitute for those lost (except the Affidavits of the parties which could with difficulty be admitted) are not of a nature to identify and ascertain the transaction with as much precision as it is conceived ought to attend a Case where a Claim is to be established by a substitute for the regular and proper evidence.\nBut in addition to this it appears, that James Rae, the person to whom the Melasses is alleged to have been furnished, stands charged with large Sums supplied him by the Public; of the Expenditure of which he has rendered no account.\nThe Government is therefore destitute in this instance, as in others, of the aid of the evidence which ought to arise from the transactions of the Officer who is alleged to have been the instrument of contracting the debt\u2014and from cogent reasons which have been stated in other Cases, it is conceived to be of great importance to the public interest, to maintain rigidly the Bar arising by the Acts of Limitation, in all Cases in which the want of a Settlement of the Accounts of a public officer deprives the Government of the evidence which the[y] would afford of the Validity or invalidity of Claims.\nIt would be, in the opinion of the Secretary, highly dangerous to establish a special exception to the operation of the Acts of Limitation, in favor of a Claim, the proper evidence of which is lost and which can only be made out by circumstantial & substituted proof, and that too in a Case, where the person who was the agent of the public, and who might have satisfied the Claim with public monies, has rendered no account of the Expenditure of the Monies entrusted to him.\nAll which is humbly submitted.\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department February 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0078", "content": "Title: Report on the Petition of Peter Pray Van Zandt, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred by an order of the House of Representatives of the 14th. July 1790, the petition of Peter pra Van Zandt, thereupon makes the follow Report\u2014\nThat the Subject of this petition has been decided upon by the Commissioner of the Revenue and the Auditor, subsequent to the reference of it to the Secretary\u2014and that the interposition of Congress therefore does not appear necessary or adviseable.\nWhich is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department February 27th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0080", "content": "Title: Report on Several Petitions Barred by the Acts of Limitation, [27 February 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, February 27, 1794Communicated on March 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom were referred by the House of Representatives, the several Petitions noted at foot hereof, respectfully reports thereupon as follows\u2014\nThe Claims to which the said petitions severally relate, are barred by the Acts of Limitation.\nThe Secretary has repeatedly and especially in his Report of the 16th. of April 1792, suggested the weighty reasons which operate against relaxations in regard to the Acts of Limitation.\nThere appear in the Cases, now submitted, no reasons sufficiently special or discriminating to render it, in his Judgment, expedient or safe, to make them Objects of particular Legislative exception.\nWhich is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department February 27th. 1794.\nNames of the Petitioners above referred to\nMordecai Sheftall\nWilliam McNeal.\nEsther Johnson\nAnne Latta & James Latta\nJohn Sutlief\nJohn Brandon\nPeter Rockafeller\nEnglebert Kemmena\nSarah Greaton\nWilliam Read", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0081", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Otho H. Williams, 27 February 1794\nFrom: Williams, Otho H.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBaltimore, February 27, 1794. \u201cMr. Hollingsworth Attorney for this district intimated to me yesterday, that the suits commenced on the Bonds of John Vochez, acting Partner of the House of Zacharie Coopman & Co.; and his securities were about to end in Judgment the ensuing Court; That from the circumstances of the House and some of the Securities \u2026 He is apprehensive that to precipitate the Judgment and Execution will be attended with such distress to the parties as to endanger the Security of part of the Money at least.\u2026 I submit the subject to your consider\u27e8ation\u27e9.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0082", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 28 February 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, February 28, 1794. On February 28, 1794, Hamilton sent to George Washington \u201ca Communication from the Commissioner of the Revenue, of this date, with its enclosures.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0083", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Stephen Girard, 28 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Girard, Stephen\nTreasury Department, February 28, 1794. \u201cI am to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 26th. Instant, a Copy whereof I have immediately sent to the Secretary of State, to whom all such applications are to be made, and who I doubt not will pay due attention to your representation.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0084", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [28 February 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, February 28, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President, & has the honor to send him a Communication from the Commissioner of the Revenue, of this date, with its enclosures respecting the Survey comprehending Kentucke. Also a letter from the Collector of Charlestown of the 6th instant, with its enclosures respecting the case of the Spanish Vessel the St. Joseph. These dispatches appear to him important enough to be submitted to the particular attention of the President.\nFebruary 28. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0085", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Willing, 28 February 1794\nFrom: Willing, Thomas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, February 28, 1794. On March 3, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Willing: \u201cI received your letter of the 28th ultimo.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0086", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, 1 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lincoln, Benjamin\n[Philadelphia, March 1, 1794. On March 20, 1794, Lincoln wrote to Hamilton: \u201cYour letters of the 10th: Ulto & first instant have been received.\u201d Letter of March 1 not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0087", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Henderson, 2 March 1794\nFrom: Henderson, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNewyork March 2d. 1794\nDear sir\nA recent and severe family affliction has prevented my attending to the business on which we lately corresponded and must be my excuse for not replying to your letter sooner\u2014indeed I hoped that Mr. Hammond would have been able to make the arrangement, as he appeared anxious that the object should be effected in a \u27e8w\u27e9ay satisfactory to you; & to which I should have been ready to accede. If the necessity for having this business concluded is not pressing, and can be delayed for a short time, I purpose going to Philada. which will afford an opportunity of making this negociation, better than it can be done by letter.\nI am sir with great respect and esteem \u2003 Your Very Humb. servt.\nWm Henderson\nHonb Alexr. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0088", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Pinckney, 2 March 1794\nFrom: Pinckney, Thomas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[London, March 2, 1794. On July 12, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Pinckney: \u201cI am to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the second of March 1794.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0089", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 3 March 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Newport, Rhode Island] March 3, 1794. \u201cI have received your letter of the 7th of Feby. last acknowledging the reception of a duplicate Receipt of the Bank of Providence No. 58 for seven thousand Dolls.\u2026 I hope my Petition will not be forgotten.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0090", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Lamb, 3 March 1794\nFrom: Lamb, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[New York, March 3, 1794. On March 6, 1794, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., wrote to Lamb: \u201cThe Secretary of the Treasy. has referred it to me to reply to your letter of the 3d. instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0091", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Willing, 3 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Willing, Thomas\nTreasury Department March 3d 1794\nSir\nI received your letter of the 28th ultimo, respecting the terms upon which the Directors of the Bank propose to furnish Bills of Exchange on Amsterdam for the use of the Government.\nThese terms, under all the circumstances of the case appear to me reasonable and consistent with that spirit of accommodation to the public service which has so uniformly marked the conduct of the Directors. I therefore accede to them. The Treasurer will be instructed to receive the bills of the Bank, and to arrange the sums and form in which they are to be drawn.\nI request that as the Bank shall receive advice of further sums at their disposal, they will be pleased to advise me of it, and of their terms of sale, that I may have an opportunity of electing, whether to take them on public account or not. My determination will in each case be prompt.\nI have the honor to be \u2003 with respect Sir, \u2003 Your most obedt Servt\nAlexander Hamilton\nThe President of the Bank of the united States", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0092", "content": "Title: Report on Rules and Modes of Proceeding with Regard to the Collection, Keeping, and Disbursement of Public Moneys, and Accounting for the Same, [4 March 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Select Committee Appointed to Examine the Treasury Department\n[Philadelphia, March 4, 1794]\n[To the Select Committee Appointed to Examine the Treasury Department]\nI. \u2003 As to the Collection.\nPublic monies have proceeded from six sources. The duties on Imports and Tonnage\u2014Duties on Spirits distilled within the United States\u2014Foreign Loans\u2014Domestic loans\u2014Duties on patents and coined cents\u2014Debts from individuals.\nIn the first instance\u2014The duties on imports and tonnage are received by the Collectors of the Customs. The duties on Spirits distilled within the United States, by the Collectors of Divisions, who pay them over to the Inspectors of Surveys, who pay them over to the Supervisors of Districts. The Foreign Loans, by the Bankers abroad, under whose immediate agency they are made. The domestic loans, duties on patents, coined cents, and debts from individuals, by the Treasurer.\nIt is the general rule, that the Treasurer is the medium of all receipts and disbursements of public monies, which are received and disbursed within the United States; and that all receipts and disbursements must be sanctioned by Warrants in favor of, and upon that Officer: These Warrants are signed by the Secretary of the Treasury, countersigned by the Comptroller, and registered and attested by the Register. Those for receipts must have an acknowledgment of the Treasurer, in order to the discharge of the payer. Those for disbursements must have an equivalent acknowledgment on behalf of the party receiving, in order to the discharge of the Treasurer. This description of Warrants will apply, as often as the term shall be hereafter used.\nThis general rule with regard to receipts has been carried into effect, by five modes of proceeding.\n1st: \u2002 By Bills or drafts drawn by the Treasurer, under the special direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, upon those, who have in their hands public monies, which drafts, before they pass from the Treasurer\u2019s hands, are registered and countersigned by the Register of the Treasury, or by a confidential Clerk designated by him for that purpose. This course is applicable, as well to monies drawn from abroad, as to those accruing within the United States; except that foreign Bills are always countersigned by the Register himself.\n2nd \u2002 By deposits made by the Supervisors of the revenue and the Collectors of the customs, in the several Banks, pursuant to a general direction from the Secretary of the Treasury; which, immediately upon their being made, are passed by the Banks to the credit of the Treasurer; the Officer, who makes the deposit, taking duplicate receipts from the Bank in which it is made, one of which is immediately forwarded to the Treasury; and the Bank making weekly returns, one to the Secretary of the Treasury, another to the Treasurer, which specify the deposits made.\n3d \u2002 By remittances of the Supervisors and Collectors to the Treasurer. These remittances are generally in Bank-bills, though they are sometimes in Bills or Orders on individuals, sometimes by mutual credits, where the Treasurer, as agent for the War department, has a sum to pay to one of those Officers charged with some agency relative to the War deparament, and in two or three very inconsiderable instances in specie. All the modes, except that of Bank bills, are very limited; and they all appear in the weekly returns of the Officers to the Secretary of the Treasury, and to the Commissioner of the Revenue.\n4th \u2002 By special directions from the Secretary of the Treasury, to the Supervisors and Collectors of the customs, to make advances, provisionally, for certain specified purposes requiring local advances. These are always written, and specify their objects. The course is, for duplicate receipts to be taken of the persons, to whom the advances are made, one of which being sent to the Treasury, is the foundation of a Warrant.\n5th \u2002 By Warrants upon the persons who are to pay, in favor of the Treasurer. But the four first modes, which all operate as modes of remittance to the Treasury, resolve themselves, eventually, into the fifth. All advances and payments must be finally sanctioned by Warrants, in order to their legal validity. No party, who pays money, can be discharged, but upon a Warrant, and that, as already mentioned, receipted upon by the Treasurer. The Bills or Drafts drawn by the Treasurer, are either deposited by him in Bank, or remitted by him to certain public Officers or Agents, according to directions from the Secretary of the Treasury. These persons are of two descriptions: 1st: The Commissioners of Loans, who are charged with paying interest on the public debt, in the several States, and with the payment of pensions to invalids: 2nd: Agents and Contractors for military supplies.\nThe Bills deposited in Bank are deposited to be sold by the Banks, according to general instructions from the Secretary of the Treasury. Those upon the Supervisors and Collectors of the Customs, are credited by the Bank to the Treasurer, immediately upon their being deposited. Those upon the Agents of the United States abroad have not been so credited; but after the monies have been received by the Bank, they have been passed over to the Treasurer, upon Warrants.\nInstructions to the Treasurer for drawing, depositing or remitting bills are, generally, if not universally written. Those to the Banks for disposing of them are equally so.\nWeekly returns from the several Collectors of the customs, Supervisors of the revenue, and Banks, enable the Secretary to regulate his directions to the Treasurer for drawing.\nII. \u2003 As to the keeping\nThe Treasurer, pursuant to general instructions from the Secretary of the Treasury, keeps the public monies in his custody or controul in the several Banks. Formerly the Banks of North America, New York, Massachusetts and Maryland, were places of deposit. At present, the public monies are kept in the Bank of the United States, and the several Offices of discount and deposit, at Boston, New York, Baltimore and Charleston, and in the Bank of Providence. All monies in the Treasury form a common mass. The Treasurer has never any public money in his possession or custody, which is not, in fact, deposited in Bank, from the moment his possession or custody commences, till it ceases by the disbursement of it, for public purposes, except in the cases of Bank-bills, orders upon individuals &c. heretofore enumerated as remittances by the Supervisors of the revenue, and Collectors of the Customs to the Treasurer; and these also, immediately after the receipt of them, constitutes deposits in Bank to the credit of the Treasurer.\nThe Secretary of the Treasury, or any other Officer of the Department, besides the Treasurer, never has, for a moment, the possession or custody of any part of the public monies (except in the cases hereafter specified) and the possession or custody of the Treasurer, is, as already stated, exercised through the Banks. The only exceptions to this observation respect certain inconsiderable sums occasionally placed in the hands of the Commissoner of the revenue, for the service of the light house establishments, and certain other small sums, for contingencies of the Offices of Secretary, Comptroller, Commissioner of the revenue, and Auditor, which are, from time to time, in proportion to their expenditure, placed in the hands of the Register, for disbursement, who renders an account of the disbursement, which undergoes a regular and formal settlement, as other public accounts. The same is done by the Commissioner of the revenue.\nThe monies of the United States, which are disbursed abroad, are kept by the Bankers, under whose agency the loans are made, till they are disbursed for the purposes of their destination.\nIII. \u2003 As to disbursement.\n1st \u2003 Within the United States.\nIt has been already stated, as a general rule, that the Treasurer is the medium of all receipts and disbursements, within the United States.\nThis rule, as to disbursements, is carried into effect, by three different modes of proceeding.\n1st \u2003 By Warrants issuing, in the first instance, upon the treasurer, which is the general course, and the invariable one, where payments are made immediately at the Treasury.\n2nd \u2003 By drafts of the Treasurer, under special direction of the Secretary, registered and countersigned by the Register.\n3d \u2003 By special directions from the Secretary of the Treasury, to the Supervisors, and Collectors, to make advances of money, provisionally, for certain specified purposes, requiring local advances, as mentioned in a preceding place. These directions never extend to any monies, which have once passed to the credit of the Treasurer.\nThe two last modes resolve themselves eventually into the first. Warrants finally issue for the sums paid either upon the drafts of the Treasurer, or under the directions of the Secretary.\nThere is, besides, an auxiliary mode of effecting public payments in certain cases.\nIt occasionally happens, that the omission or delay of appropriations by law, renders it impossible, to satisfy, in regular course, demands upon the Treasury, which have been incurred pursuant to law, and the satisfying of which is essential to the public credit and service.\nIn such cases, the course has been, for the Secretary of the Treasury to request informal advances by the Banks, to the persons, to whom the payments are to be made, to be reimbursed, when provision is made by law. These advances have been made in the confidence, that the Secretary of the Treasury would not request them, but in cases, in which there was a moral certainty of a future provision, and in which, justice and good faith would necessarily oblige the Legislature to make it. The accounts of such advances are distinct from that of the Treasurer, and the advances are reimbursed, when provision is made by law, by warrants upon the Treasurer. Of a similar nature, are deposits, which have been made with Banks in certain cases. Of these, there have been three examples; one with the Bank of North America, mentioned and explained in my reports of last Session, two with the Bank of the United States, as offsetts against the first and second instalments of the two million loan. The two first of these deposits respected the proceeds of foreign bills; the last relates to part of a loan had of the Bank itself.\nAll but the last have been closed and carried into the accounts of the Treasurer, by Warrants. The last waits the sanction of the Legislature.\nNo money once placed to the credit of the Treasurer, in Bank, is touched, but upon his own check or order. And his Bank book constantly exhibits his receipts and disbursements according to the course of the public service.\n2nd \u2003 In foreign Countries\nThe course of disbursements in foreign countries is particularly explained in my report to the House of Representatives, during the last Session, dated the 13th. of February 1793.\nIV. \u2003 As to the duties of the respective Officers.\nThe duties of the several Officers of the Treasury department, with regard to the collecting, receiving keeping and disbursing of public monies, and regulating and keeping the accounts thereof, are as follow:\nThe Secretary of the Treasury superintends the collection and receipt, and the disbursement of public monies. In consequence of this, all authorities for transferring them from one public Agent to another, or for the final disbursement of them, originate with him. He directs the drawing of monies into the Treasury, and regulates the time, manner, and circumstances, subject to the sanctions prescribed by law: and judges, exclusively of other Officers of the Department, when and what disbursements are to be made, subject, nevertheless, to the check of the Comptroller, who, in countersigning warrants, is jointly responsible with him, for their being conformable to appropriations by law, and to the further check and settlement of the accounts of all persons, to whom he may have caused advances of public money, by the Auditor and Comptroller. All warrants for the payment of money into the Treasury, or for the payment of money out of the Treasury, are first signed by him. It is also his duty, to decide on the forms of keeping all public accounts.\nThe Comptroller is to countersign all warrants drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury, as well for the payment of money into the Treasury, as for the payment of money out of the Treasury. To enforce the regular and punctual payment of all monies collected for, or due to the United States, he is to direct prosecutions for all delinquencies of Officers and persons indebted.\nHe is to prepare for the consideration and decision of the Secretary, the forms of keeping all public accounts; is, in the last resort, to settle all public accounts; and, consequently, to superintend the keeping of them. It is his duty, to see, that all expenditures of public money are according to appropriations by law, and that all persons, who have the handling of them, duly account.\nThe Auditor, (as auxiliary to the Comptroller) is to receive all public accounts, for the purpose of settling them, to examine and adjust them, in the first instance, to certify the balances, which he finds; and to transmit each adjustment made by him, together with the vouchers and his certificate, to the Comptroller, for final decision.\nThe Commissioner of the Revenue, under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, superintends the collection of the duties on Spirits distilled within the United States. It is a part of his duty to receive returns of the monies, from time to time, in the hands of the Supervisors, from which he makes a weekly abstract for the Secretary of the Treasury, to enable him to direct the drawing for those monies.\nThe Treasurer receives, keeps and disburses the monies of the United States. All his receipts, as well as his disbursements, are sanctioned by warrants of the description already given. As incident to these duties, he draws, under the direction of the Secretary, all bills which are drawn for public monies, arising from sources foreign or domestic, which bills, as already mentioned, are always registered, or entered and countersigned by the Register: or in the case of domestic bills, by his confidential Clerk, in his stead.\nThe Register immediately conducts the keeping of all the Accounts of the United States, those for receipts and expenditures included. As incident to this, he records and attests all warrants for the receipt and payment of monies; also all drafts of the Treasurer, for the like purposes, subject to the observation above.\nV. \u2003 As to the Accounts of Receipts and Expenditures.\nThese are governed by the following general principles and Regulations.\n1st \u2003 Every receiver of public monies (except as a creditor of the United States, of the precise sum due to him) is made to account for them immediately to the Treasury Department.\nThis embraces, 1st: All those Officers, who, in the first instance, collect and receive the revenues of the United States. 2nd The Treasurer of the United States, who is the center of their collections and receipts; 3d All persons, who receive public monies, for any purpose whatever; with the above exceptions.\nThe Organs of the Department, for bringing persons to account, are the Auditor and Comptroller.\nBut it results from the constitution of the Department that all expenditures, at some period, pass under the separate consideration of the Secretary, Comptroller and Auditor. In many cases, the accounts are settled before any advances are made, but in those instances where advances are unavoidable, from the nature of the services; as to the Commissioners of Loans, the Contractors and other agents for the War department; the parties, who receive advances, are, by the terms of the Warrants for advances, held accountable until a final settlement.\nThe general rule is, that all persons are to account quarter-yearly. This rule is observed with great punctuality, as to the Collectors of the duties on imports and tonnage; as to the Treasurer, as well in his capacity, as Agent to the War department, as in that of Treasurer of the United States; and as to the Commissioners of Loans. The Revenue from Spirits distilled within the United States, from causes, which have unavoidably obstructed its regularity, has not gone thro\u2019 an equally regular course of accounting; as to time, with the duties on imports and tonnage. The Accounts of the Contractors for the Army, and some other public accounts, do not admit of a compliance with the general rule. The most protracted class of accounts are, however, generally rendered and settled within a year after the advances.\nThe accounts of receipts and expenditures are kept at three different Offices of the Treasury, besides that of the Treasurer; more summarily, at the Offices of the Secretary and Comptroller, and more fully and formally, at the Office of the Register. But at each of these Offices, there is a regular record of all Warrants issued, both for receipts and expenditures; and the accounts of expenditure are kept under distinct heads of appropriation. The Treasurer also keeps a regular account of receipts and expenditures, but without reference to the particular appropriations.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0093", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 4 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nUnited States, March 4, 1794. \u201cPay to the Secretary of State, in pursuance of the act providing for the relief of such of the inhabitants of St. Domingo, resident within the United States, as may be found in want to support, ten thousand six hundred dollars.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0095", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 5 March 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, March 5, 1794. Requests a \u201cwarrant of four hundred Dollars, intended to make a payment to the undertaker of the copper work of the Bald head light house, and for some small contingencies of the light house service.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0097", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Seton, 5 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Seton, William\n[Philadelphia, March 5, 1794. On March 8, 1794, Seton wrote to Hamilton: \u201cLate last night I received your favour of the 5th.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0098", "content": "Title: Testimony During Impeachment Proceedings Against John Nicholson, [5 March 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, March 5, 1794]\nAlexander Hamilton, Esq. Sec. Treasury U. S. sworn.\nQues. by the defendant\u2019s Counsel. Do you recollect what passed at any conference between yourself and the Comptroller-General, and what difficulty occurred to you respecting the subscribability of New-Loans?\nI recollect there were several conferences between the Comptroller-General and myself, am unable to distinguish with precision the one alluded to, I recollect one interview in particular in which this point was discussed, that is, whether interest on the state debt should be suspended. I really charge my memory with nothing more than, that Mr. Nicholson urged arguments to induce me to believe that the spirit of that part of the Act of Congress was only to prevent the payment of double interest, and that a surrender was neither practicable nor equitable, as none of these had been subscribed, this inconvenience could not arise, the intention of the Act of Congress was fulfilled, I was convinced the reasoning was just, there being no basis on which the U. S. could demand a surrender.\nIf the New-Loans in my view of them at that time had not been subscribable, this difficulty could not have arisen. The Comptroller always appeared to me to be of the opinion that they were subscribable\u2014none were subscribed in the former loan. The enquiry whether any had been subscribed to the loan was directed to the commissioner of loans, the information must ultimately have come from him\u2014Mr. Wolcott might have been the intermediate agent, I can\u2019t remember.\nQues. Have any been subscribed to the second loan?\nAns. I can\u2019t without previous preparation answer that enquiry, I could have easily ascertained it, I do not recollect, my conjecture is that there were none, there were some certificates of that description which were not finally admitted. I recollect there were some discussions.\nQues. Are they entirely rejected or are they depending?\nAns. They took a course somewhat peculiar, in the view of the Treasury they are virtually excluded, the time allowed for the loan being passed; after the Attorney-General\u2019s opinion on a point raised they were not admitted, this point arose after the second loan opened. The subject had not engaged my consideration nor did it come forward in a prominent point of view until after the second assumption. The Attorney-General of the state of Pennsylvania gave his opinion that they are abolished, as debts of this state. I may have read the Act of March 1789, but I do not recollect having seen it until after the closure of the first loan. I did not see that Act during the first conference.\nOn Ques. by Mr. Bradford. It did not occur to me that the Act of 1789 was passed after the adoption of the Federal Constitution, until the business was closed at the Treasury\u2014the Constitution was not considered by me until afterwards.\nQues. Can you furnish a copy of the opinion of the Attorney-General on that point?\nAns. Certainly.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0101", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Lee, 6 March 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nRichmond March 6th94\nMy dear sir\nUse your first leisure & tell me all the political news, especially whether it is possible that Congress mean to pick a quarrel with G. B.\nAn alarm on this subject affects many here. Is it not better to bear temporary evils & by negotiation to diminish or dismiss them, than with a view to releive ourselves from them to plunge ourselves into the miserys of war? If our councillors be so lost to the true understanding of the best interest of the U. S. they will entail on posterity irremediable mischeifs & may by one blow pull down the political edifice which is just about rearing its head among the nations of the earth & offers most comfortable quarters to the human race.\nSurpize astonishment & indignation alternately agitates my mind when I reflect on the tales I hear & the publications I read appertaining to this business.\nIt is further whispered here too that you mean to resign. Can you reconcile such pusillanimity to your feelings. What a \u27e8set\u27e9 the President must have about him. They persuade him to stand at the helm & when the storm threatens desert the ship. I \u27e8did\u27e9 not for a moment believe it possible for you thus to act.\nPardon my frankness & regard me as usual. Adieu\nHenry Lee", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0102", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Richard Bland Lee, 6 March 1794\nFrom: Lee, Richard Bland\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia March 6. 1794\nSir,\nHaving received a letter from Mr. Francis Corbin a gentleman with whom you, I beleive, are acqauinted, requesting that Mr. George Turner may be mentioned as a candidate for the Collectorship of Rappahannock\u2014I lose no time in informing you thereof. I have always heard a good character of Mr. Turner\u2014particulerly as an attentive, punctual, & intelligent agent in all pecuniary affairs, with which he has been intrusted. Mr. Corbin informs me that all his family, who are very wealthy, will be responsible for his ability & fidelity in the execution of the office should he be appointed.\nWith great respect I am \u2003 Sir Yr. Obt. Sert.\nR B Lee", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0104", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, 7 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTreasury Department March 7th 1794\nSir\nA paper of which the inclosed is a copy was put into my hands by a Gentleman by way of information. It is said, that the original was addressed to the British Consul at Boston.\nI request from You an explanation of this affair. The threat of the resentment of the Citizens was a circumstance, if it existed, particularly unguarded and improper in an official communication.\nWith much consideration & esteem\nBenjamin Lincoln EsqrCollector Boston", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0105-0001", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Short, 7 March 1794\nFrom: Short, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nAranjuez [Spain] March. 7th. 1794\nsir\nI had last the honor of writing to you on the 15th. ulto. & have since then forwarded to the Commissioners at Amsterdam, the power there mentioned for carrying the loan they had opened, into effect. The power was translated into the Spanish language from a model they sent me in Dutch, passed before a Notary public & legalized by the Dutch Minister, in the customary form.\nFrom the time of my arrival in this country I had the honor of informing you that M. de Gardoqui considered the debt of the U.S. as much more considerable than the 174,011 dollars stated by you & for which I learned from Mr Carmichael an obligation or bond had been given by Mr. Jay. I then & on every other occasion which presented itself informed him of my orders extending to that debt only, that the payments making were on account of that debt, & that if there were any other, he would do well to make it known to you. He seemed quite uncertain of the nature or amount of any other debt; still always said there was a very considerable sum due some how or other by the U.S. to Spain, over & above the 174,011 dollars. It was in vain that I pressed him again & again to have it ascertained & communicated to you. He always promised it should be done, & as often probably forgot it.\nThat there might be no confusion in this business I desired the bankers to state the account of their payments as soon as they should have completed the amount of 174,011 dollars with the interest thereon, & send it to me that I might obtain the release from that debt. This they did in their letter of Oct. 4. which I recieved on the 30th of Nov. I immediately informed M. de Gardoqui thereof by my letter of the same date of which I inclose a copy, as well as the translation of his answer & a copy of my reply.\nYou will observe he simply says, as he has hitherto done, that the debt is more considerable. Although my reply, repeating the request to grant the proper release from the debt I was authorized to pay, was so long ago as the 10th. of Dec. I have recieved no kind of answer to it I should have renewed by demand but that two of the bills of exchange, were afterwards protested for non-payment, so as that the payment was rendered defective for their amount. They were returned by me to our bankers who have informed me of their recieving them & added that they should recover them, & would without delay remit here the deficiency occasioned by the nonpayment of those bills with interest so that the statement they had made might remain without alteration. I have been only waiting for the arrival of those bills in order to repeat the subject of my last to the Minister of finance. I expect them by the first packet, there having been a very considerable delay in the letters from Holland, the latest recieved here being about the middle of Jany.\nI suppose it proper to obtain the discharge in full of the 174,011 dollars, or to have the original bond returned, that there may be no confusion in applying the payments made towards the principal as well as interest of that debt, to any other open account which may exist, although unknown to me, between the U.S. & Spain. In the meantime proper receipts have been obtained for the monies paid. The usage observed was for Mr. de Gardoqui to acknowlege the reciept of the bills as soon as indorsed to him\u2014& when they were paid he sent me treasury reciepts for their amount, which now remain in my hands as follows. May. 1, 1793 for 3.260.940 reals vn. & 2. md.\u2014May 2. for 629.740 rs vn. 30. mdes.\u2014June 17. for 432.861 rs. vn. 31 mdes.\u2014Sep. 30 for 68512. rs. vn. 4 mdes.\u2014Novr. 28. for 505.286. rs. vn. 19. mdes.\u2014Dec. 14. for 412.638 rs. vn. 8. mdes. Dec. 17. for 26494 rs. vn. 18. mdes.\nI have more than once had the honor of writing both to you & the sec. of State, relative to the amount of the bills left with me by him, & which were given by me to Messrs. Grand of Paris to be recieved when their term expired. I have never had an answer from either relative thereto. In my letter of the 17th. of October last, I informed you of their having written to propose to me to remit the amount of these bills to Holland according to the then rate of each. I did not answer their letter. As they wrote to the sec. of State at the same time on that subject, it is probable Government may have given some orders respecting the business to Mr. Morris. Lest that should not be the case however, I wrote to Mr. Morris lately on learning that the assignats & specie were at par in France informing him of this business, & advising him to direct Mr. Grand to pay the sum at present into the French treasury on account of the debt due by the U.S. as this would be a means of avoiding loss on that sum. I take it for granted Mr. Grand will consider the authorization of Mr. Morris as sufficient.\nI cannot help repeating how painful a circumstance it is to remain for so long a time, now more than twelve months, without learning whether the letters I have have the honor of addressing to Government are any of them recieved. The last of mine which has been acknowleged by you was dated Nov. 2 1792. Nor have I yet learned from the sec. of State whether any of those I have written since my arrival in this country have been recieved by him.\nI have the honor to be with the most profound respect sir, \u2003 Your most obedient & most humble servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0106", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Seton, 8 March 1794\nFrom: Seton, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York \u2003 8 March 1794.\nMy Dear sir\nLate last night I received your favour of the 5th. with the enclosure for Mr. Verplanck, which I have sent him. You may rest assured the most immediate attention shall be paid to what you wish, and the Statements forwarded to you as soon as possible, tho it will take some time as we have to go thro\u2019 so many Ledgers, however not a moment shall be lost, and the Interrogetarys can & will be answered in the most satisfactory manner.\nI shall stop making any further purchases of Bank Stock for Mr. Church, but not hearing from you, and the prices being such as I thought it an object, let matters go which way they will, I have since I wrote you purchased for him 21 Shares at 12\u00bd\u201425 Shares at 9\u00bd & 5 Shares at 9 \u214c Cent\u2014in all 51 Shares, & have drawn for 21 of them at the Exchanges of 5\u00bd & 5 \u214c Cent above par\u2014& for the remainder have partly engaged the Bills at 5 \u214c Cent. Considering this Exchange, the Dividend & the prices at which the whole 82 have been purchased, the average is so low that I think the investment cannot fail of being very beneficial & satisfactory. I have kept Mr. Church constantly advised of my transactions & I trust it will meet his approbation.\nI am with the greatest respect & esteem \u2003 Dear sir \u2003 Your Obliged Obed Hue Sert\nWm Seton\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0107-0001", "content": "Title: Introductory Note: To George Washington, [8 March 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, March 8, 1794]\nWhen this letter was written, the United States appeared to be closer to war with Great Britain than at any time since the end of the American Revolution. Henry Lee wondered whether Congress intended \u201cto pick a quarrel with G.B.,\u201d and the latest advices from Thomas Pinckney in London left little doubt that he considered the outbreak of war with Britain only a matter of time. In a dispatch which Edmund Randolph received on February 18, 1794, Pinckney reported on a conversation with Lord Grenville concerning the retention of British posts in the United States. During the conversation Grenville argued that because the United States had failed to live up to the provisions of the peace treaty for a period of nine years, Britain was no longer obligated to abide by the treaty. Pinckney was also discouraged by Grenville\u2019s answer to a question concerning Britain\u2019s part in the Algerine-Portuguese truce. In concluding his letter, Pinckney requested instructions concerning the removal of consuls and other United States citizens from England and asked that he and his family be sent to France in the event that he should be \u201cdirected \u2026 to withdraw from hence, which I now think probable.\u201d\nBritish policy toward neutral shipping was a major source of increasing anti-British sentiment in the United States. In his conference with Grenville, Pinckney had discussed the order in council of June 8, 1793, which required the detention of all neutral vessels transporting corn, flour, or meal to France or to ports under French control. Pinckney also reported: \u201c\u2026 they cannot now retract their instructions concerning the detaining of corn, neither do they appear to have the inclination, on the contrary, I am informed they meditate fresh embarrassments to our trade.\u201d\nOn March 7, 1794, the day before Hamilton wrote to Washington, the text of a British order of November 6, 1793, was published in the [Philadelphia] Gazette of the United States and Evening Advertiser. This order reads in part as follows: \u201cAdditional instructions to the commanders of all our ships of war and privateers.\u2026 That they shall stop and detain all ships laden with goods and produce of any Colony belonging to France, or carrying Provisions or other Supplies to any such Colony, and shall bring the same with their cargoes to legal Adjudication in our courts of Admiralty.\u201d Delay in communications had prevented the arrival of news stating the full extent of the seizures under this order, but reports suggested that many ships had been taken. The order of November 6 had been replaced two months before Hamilton had written to Washington by the more liberal order of January 8, 1794, but news of the third order did not reach Philadelphia until March 28, 1794.\nIn the meantime\u2014on January 3, 1794\u2014James Madison had proposed a series of resolutions providing for a policy of commercial retaliation against the British. Madison\u2019s resolutions were inspired by Thomas Jefferson\u2019s report on \u201cThe Privileges and Restrictions on the Commerce of the United States \u2026,\u201d which had been presented to the House on December 16, 1793, and which argued that the United States should adopt a policy that would curb British restrictions on American trade. Madison\u2019s proposals called for higher duties on certain articles \u201cmanufactured by European nations having no commercial treaty with the United States\u201d and for additional tonnage duties on the ships of such nations. These resolutions were, according to Theodore Sedgwick of Massachusetts, \u201cthe great gun of the present session,\u201d and they dominated debate in the House of Representatives during January and the first days of February, 1794. On February 3, the House adopted the first of Madison\u2019s resolutions, but the Republicans, in an effort to thwart Federalist attempts to prevent passage of the remaining resolutions, succeeded in postponing debate on them until March 3. Although debate on Madison\u2019s resolutions was resumed on March 14, they were then eclipsed by other issues. Hamilton\u2019s suggestions in his letter to Washington offer a Federalist alternative to Madison\u2019s resolutions.\nFederalist members of both houses of Congress were also considering policies to be pursued in the crisis. Some of these closely resemble the suggestions which Hamilton made in this letter as well as some which he later endorsed. Senators Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut, George Cabot and Caleb Strong of Massachusetts, and Rufus King of New York met on March 10, 1794, to discuss what advice they should offer to the President. According to notes which King made they decided that Ellsworth should go to the President the next day and propose that the Government \u201c\u2026 adopt vigorous measures to put the Country in a posture of defence, as well by fortifying our principal commercial points, as by organizing absolutely, or provincially an auxiliary military Force, by filling our Arsenals, and by digesting an effectual plan of internal Taxes. That these arrangements being made, that a suitable person should be sent to the West Indies for the purpose of ascertaining the true situation of our Property seized in the English Islands, and assist our Mariners, and Merchants, in defending their Rights. That further, an Envoy extraordinary should be appointed, and sent to England to require satisfaction for the loss of our Property, and to adjust those points which menaced a War between the two Countries.\u201d\nOn March 10 Sedgwick announced that on March 12 he would present several resolutions. These resolutions, which closely resemble the policy that Hamilton suggests in this letter to Washington, read as follows:\n\u201cResolved, That there be raised, armed, and equipped, fifteen regiments of auxiliary troops, to consist of one thousand men, rank and file, each, with proper officers.\n\u201cResolved, That the commissioned officers thereof be appointed as other officers of the United States, and that the non-commissioned officers and privates be enlisted for the term of two years; and, with this condition, that if war should break out within that time between the United States and any foreign European Power, they shall be bound to serve for the term of three years, after the commencement of the war, if the same shall so long continue.\n\u201cResolved, That, in case of such war, the officers of the said regiments shall be entitled to the like pay and subsistence, and to equal rank and command, with the officers of the present Military Establishment of the United States; but, except in such case, shall be entitled to pay only for the time they shall actually attend on the days of training and exercise, hereafter mentioned.\n\u201cResolved, That each non-commissioned officer and private shall by virtue of his enlistment, be entitled to a bounty, consisting of a suit of clothes per annum, of the value of twelve dollars, and shall also be entitled to a compensation of half a dollar per day, for each day he shall assemble for the purpose of training or exercising; which, except in case of war with some foreign European Power, shall not exceed twenty-four days in one year; and, in that case, each non-commissioned officer and private shall be entitled to the same pay and rations, and shall be subject to the same rules and regulations, as the other troops of the United States.\n\u201cResolved, That the said regiments shall be furnished with arms and accoutrements at the expense of the United States, to be returned at the expiration of their term of service.\n\u201cResolved, That revenues by taxes or duties, competent to the purpose of defraying the expense of raising and paying the said troops, be provided.\n\u201cResolved, That within two years and six months after the time which shall be prescribed by law for beginning to enlist the said troops, if no war shall in the mean time break out with any foreign European Power, the regiments aforesaid shall be abolished and cease.\n\u201cResolved, That the President of the United States be authorized, if in his judgment the safety or welfare of the United States shall require it, to lay an embargo, generally or particularly, upon ships in the ports or harbours of the United States, for a term not exceeding, at any one time, forty days; and also to prohibit, for a like term, generally or particularly, the exportation of commodities from the United States; and such embargo or prohibition to continue, from time to time, until the expiration of fourteen days after the commencement of the session of Congress next ensuing the present.\u201d\nSedgwick\u2019s resolutions omitted only two of Hamilton\u2019s suggestions\u2014the fortification of ports and a defensive pact among neutrals. Congress was already considering the fortification of ports, and a defensive pact among neutrals was a matter on which the House could take no action.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0107-0002", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [8 March 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nThe present situation of the United States is undoubtedly critical and demands measures vigorous though prudent. We ought to be in a respectable military posture, because war may come upon us, whether we choose it or not and because to be in a condition to defend ourselves and annoy any who may attack us will be the best method of securing our peace. If it is known that our principal maritime points are out of the reach of any but formal serious operations\u2014and that the government has an efficient active force in its disposal for defence or offence on an emergency\u2014there will be much less temptation to attack us and much more hesitation to provoke us.\nIt seems then adviseable\n1\u2003to fortify the principal ports in the several States (say one in each State) so as to be able to resist a merely maritime attack or anything but a regular seige.\n2.\u2003to raise 20,000 Auxiliary Troops upon a plan something like the following (vizt.)\nTo be divided into 10 Regiments.\nEach Regiment to consist of two Batallions and of the following Officers & men.\n1 Colonel 2 Majors 10 Captains 20 Lieutenants 2 Lieutenants & Adjutants 2 Serjeant Majors 40 Serjeants 3 Musicians & 1000 rank & file.\nThese Troops to be engaged upon the following terms\u2014to be inlisted for two years, but upon condition, that if a war should break out with any European Power, they shall be obliged to serve 4 years from the commencement of such war upon the same terms as the Troops of the establishment. To receive as a bounty Cloathes with 12 Dollars \u214c Man. To be under an obligation to meet 40 days in the year and 30 of these days to encamp. When assembled to be paid Officers & men as the Troops of the establishment and to have the same subsistence & rations. To be furnished with arms & accoutrements by the United States, to be surrendered at the expiration of their term of service.\nThe Officers in time of war to rank & rise with the Officers of the Military establishment. The arrangement to cease ipso facto at the expiration of a certain term (about two years.)\nThe expence of these operations would be\nFor the Fortifications\nDrs.\nFor the Auxiliary troops \u214c annum\nDrs\nIn addition to this, the Legislature ought to vest the President of the United States with a power to lay an embargo partial or general and to arrest the exportation of commodities partially or generally.\nIt may also deserve consideration whether the Executive ought not to take measures to form some concert of the Neutral Powers for common Defence.\nMr. Hamilton presents his respects to the President, submits to him some reveries which have occupied his imagination. It may be interesting for the President to consider whether some such plan is not demanded by the conjuncture of affairs & if so, whether there ought not to be some executive impulse. Many persons look to the President for the suggestion of measures corresponding with the exigency of Affairs. As far as this idea may be founded, many important & delicate ideas are involved in the consideration.\nThe pains taken to preserve peace, include a proportional responsibility that equal pains be taken to be prepared for war.\nMarch 8th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0111", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 11 March 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, March 11, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to inform you that the situation of the light-house on Cape Fear Island requires the appointment of a keeper.\u2026 Mr. Hooper who was appointed to superintend the completion of the building has recommended Mr. Henry Long.\u2026 Mr. Hooper is of opinion that the salary should be 300 or 350 dollars \u214c Annum.\u2026 The extract \u2026 from Mr. Hoopers letter is transmitted to shew his desire to have his own compensation reconsidered.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0112", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 11 March 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Newport, Rhode Island] March 11, 1794. \u201cI acknowledge the Rect. of your [letter] respectg. the case of Saml. Pearsal jr. master of the Sloop Nancy of Fairfield, and now represent the case of George W. Topham master of the Sloop Sarah Ann of Newport, a Registered vessel without a License. She arrived here on sunday last, and the next day the master came to the Custom house and produced a certified manifest and permit from the Colle. of Newyork dated March 7th. 1794. On reading the oath to him when the words composing the whole cargo were pronounced, he manifested great surprize, and said that he could not swear to that; for that there were two bales of goods on board the Sloop which were not in the manifest. He was told that he had transgressed the law.\u2026 I told him that I believed his violation of the law was owing to ignorance or inattn. but that it was my duty to enforce it; That I must state the matter to you, and that upon an appln. made by him to you through the District Judge, you would make such a determination as you thought proper.\u2026 please to favour with a decision the questn. proposed in my letter of the 3d. of last mo. before the Quarter expenses.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0113", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Hawkins, 11 March 1794\nFrom: Hawkins, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, March 11, 1794. On March 12, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Hawkins: \u201cI have received your Note of Yesterday.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0114", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Hawkins, 12 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hawkins, Benjamin\nPhiladelphia March 12th. 1794\nDear Sir,\nI have received your Note of Yesterday inclosing the Resolution of the 11th. of January last, in the House of Commons of North Carolina, with a Request of Information.\nThe Papers of the Commissioners are deposited in the Treasury\u2014but it would not be thought consistant with its Duty to enter into Explanations and Exhibitions of the Nature of those contemplated by the Resolutions, without the Direction of Congress. The Treasury is in this Instance the mere Depository of the Proceedings of distinct and Independant Officers, charged with a special and delicate Trust. It is not conceived that it should of its own Discretion furnish Materials for Investigation concerning the Principles or Grounds of their Conduct or Decisions. Indeed it is not known how far the Papers deposited would disclose the Principles on which the Settlements were made.\nThe Balances reported by the Commissioners for or against particular States are already placed on the Books of the Treasury. Nothing beyond this can be done without the Interference of a Legislative Act.\nWith sincere Esteem and Regard \u2003 I remain Dear Sir your Obedient Servt.\nAlexander Hamilton.\nBenjamin Hawkins Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0115", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Kean, 12 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Kean, John\nTreasury Department March 12th 1794\nSir\nI request that you will cause me to be furnished with the following Statements Viz\n1 \u2003 A Statement of all such monies of the United States which may have been at any time in deposit with the Bank without being passed to the credit of the Treasurer\u2014shewing the times of the receipts of such monies in monthly portions, the Sum or balance at the end of each quarter of a Year, according to the form (A). This Statement to begin with the commencement of any such deposits under my Administration and to continue down to the time of rendering it.\n2 \u2003 A Statement shewing the advances of money on public account which may have been made by the Bank, u\u27e8pon\u27e9 my immediate direction or request without the intervention of the Treasurer, the times of such advances, the persons to whom made, and the times and mode of reimbursement (according to the form B). This to embrace the same period as the first mentioned Statement and to shew like that the Sum or balance at the end of each quarter of a year.\n3 \u2003 A Statement shewing what sum at any time passed to the Credit of the Treasury as Cash may in fact have existed in bills of the Treasurer undisposed of, and in Notes unpaid, so as to shew the actual Cash in deposit to the credit of the Treasury. It will be sufficient to State such sum at the end of each Quarter in one line.\n4 \u2003 A Statement of my private account with the Bank for the same period.\nIt is my desire that these several Statements may be furnished upon the Oaths of the Cashiers and Book keepers of the Bank\u2014and in terms the most particular and unequivocal so as to exclude all room for the Suspicion of Concealment or reserve. I shall be glad too that the Oaths which accompany my private account may state (as the fact upon examination of your books will be found to be) that I have never had any account with the Bank jointly with any other person or persons, and that no other person has had any account with the Bank as my Agent.\nThese Statements being intended for the information of a Committee lately Appointed by the House of Representatives to inquire into the State of the Treasury Department I hope the occasion will excuse the trouble I am endeavouring to give and will prevent its being thought too Considerable.\nI am with much consideration & esteem Sir \u2003 Your obedient ser\nAlexander Hamilton\nJohn Kean EsquireCashier of the Bank of The UStates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0116", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 12 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\n[Philadelphia, March 12, 1794. On July 1, 1794, Willink, Van Staphorst, and Hubbard wrote to Hamilton: \u201cWe have received your two esteemed favors of 12 March, and 8 May.\u201d Letter of March 12 not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0118", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, [13 March 1794]\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, March 13, 1794]\nE. Randolph has the honor of informing the Secretary of the Treasury; that he supposed that the question on Maher\u2019s claim of a Register was to become a subject of consultation. Otherwise he would have given his opinion before this time.\nThat opinion is,\n1. That, if the possessor of the Vessel will perform the requisites of the law, the Treasury department cannot inquire into the means, by which he acquired the property:\n2. That the documents do not manifest any exceptionable fact, the indorsement on Maher\u2019s memorial, not seeming to make a part of these documents, properly so called; and\n3. That in a former case, it was determined, that no foreign nation could take umbrage at the proceedings of a Custom-house.\nThe remedy proposed, of a suit, to be instituted by Maher would subject him to very great inconveniences; and ought not to be insisted on, without the absolute necessity.\nMarch 13th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0119-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Opinion on Requests Made by John Cleves Symmes, [13 March 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Rawle, William\nOpinion on requests made by John Cleves Symmes by his Letter of June 8th 1793\n1 Point: The Alteration of the Contract pursuant to Act of the 12th of April 1792.\nTo be done: Judge Symmes to execute an instrument declaratory of his consent: The President to execute another Act declaratory of his Consent.\n2 Point \u2003 Letters Patent agreeably to the Act of May the 5th 1792.\nIt appearing by certificates from the Treasury that the party has paid into the Treasury the several sums of 94455 Dollars & 42 Cents and of 71238 Dollars in securities and warrants for military rights it results that Letters patent ought to issue for a correspondent number of acres according to the rate speci[fi]ed.\nTo this quantity is to be added a proportional quantity equivalent to the reservations specified in the Contract.\nAlso a complete township in trust for the purpose of establishing an academy to be laid out as nearly as may be in the center of the patented tract. The location to be made by the Grantee within a term of five years from the date of the Patent with the approbation of the Governor for the time being of the Territory N West of the Ohio. A reservation to be made to the UStates of fifteen acres which shall include Fort Washington to be located by such persons as the President shall appoint. But provision to be made for securing to the UStates one Mile Square at or near the Mouth of the Great Miami to be located by such person as the President of the UStates shall appoint for that purpose; provided that a law be passed to authorise it within two years and that the President appoint a person to make the location within one year thereafter.\nThe foregoing quantities to form one tract bounded as follows that is to say \u201cto extend from the mouth of the Great Miami to the Mouth of the Little Mimami and to be bounded by the Ohio on the South by the Great Miami on the West by the Little Miami on the East and by a parallel of Latitude on the North extending from the Great Miami to the Little Miami so as [to] comprehend the quantities abovementioned. The line of the said parallel of latitude to be run by the Grantee or his lawful Representative within the term of five years and the survey to be reported within the said term to the Secretary of the Treasury for the time being. The points thereof to be fixed pursuant to a certificate of Israel Ludlow founded upon the survey made by him.\u201d\nAlexander Hamilton\nEdm. Randolph\nH Knox", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0120", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Bradford, 14 March 1794\nFrom: Bradford, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, March 14th, 1794.\nSir,\nI have the honor of acknowledging the receipt of your letters of the 5th instant and have considered the question therein stated for my opinion. It is, at what time does the credit upon the duties imposed on a cargo first entered for exportation and afterwards for landing, begin to run.\nAlthough this case does not appear to have been distinctly foreseen or provided for in any of the Impost Acts, yet the just practical construction of those acts which has obtained at the treasury, and by which in ordinary cases the credit is held to commence from the master\u2019s entry, involves a principle which governs my present opinion. Manifest injustice and hardship would sometimes result from a literal construction of 8th. \u00a7. of the act of 4th. May 1792. A vessel putting into our ports in distress, may after remaining here a length of time to refit, find it necessary to enter and sell the cargo. In such case, the master\u2019s entry would unquestionably be considered as the period contemplated by that section. The \u201cimportation\u201d therefore, meant in that section, seems to be \u201cimportation with intent to land,\u201d which in ordinary cases will be evidenced by the entry. As therefore the cargo in question was not so imported at the first Entry, I am of opinion that the Credit will begin to run from the time of the second Entry.\nThis opinion however proceeds entirely upon the ground that the Entry for exportation was bona fide. These cases, where there is reason to suspect it to be fraudulent, must be governed by their own circumstances. And if it shall be found that this construction is likely to open a door for imposition, it may be easily closed by the interposition of the Legislature.\nI have the honor to be with great esteem, \u2003 Sir, Your Most obedient servant,\nW. Bradford.\nSecretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0121", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Martin, 14 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Martin, William\nTreasury DepartmentMarch 14. 1794\nSir\nSince mine to you of the 25 of July 1791 I have received sundry letters from you which have remained unanswered from a great and constant press of business cooperating with the reflection that I had at your request revised the transaction once and had explicitly informed you that the circumstances which had intervened had put the affair out of my reach.\nBut Sir I cannot say that any thing has appeared of sufficient weight to change my first view of the subject. It still remains undisputed that the Master of the Vessel had seen a Connecticut paper containing the law he had violated. It appears from his own shewing, that stating his vessel to be only 18 Tons he had made inquiry whether she might enter, which indicates that he had not been inattentive to the prohibition in the law under which he lay. That he made inquiry at all of the Officers appears to have been not of his own motion but in consequence of your suggestion. Is it not probable then that he came within the district knowing that he could not regularly be admitted to entry that when there he only made inquiries of the Officers because after your proposal he could not do otherwise that he was ready, against his own better knowlege, to take advantage of their mistake\u2014and that his intentions were not throughout as fair as they ought to have been?\nAn inference of the affirmative is strengthened in my mind by the presumption that the Officers at New York (who admitted him to entry after the passing of the Collection Law in consequence (as I take it for granted) of the recency of the law and the impossibility of his having been informed of it) could not have omitted to apprise him of his situation and of the particular reasons of relaxation.\nUnder these different circumstances, I cannot pronounce upon my oath of Office that I am satisfied there was neither intention of fraud nor wilful neglect.\nI certainly regret Sir the suffering which has been occasionned to you but I do not perceive that I ought to have obviated it.\nWith due consideration \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your Obedient serv\nMr Wm MartinNorth YarmouthDistrict of maine", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0122", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 15 March 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, March 15, 1794. \u201cHaving duly examined the object of the petition of the Merchants, masters of vessels, and pilots of North-Carolina, referred to you on the 26th: instant by the House of Representatives, I have the honor to state to you what has occurred thereon.\u2026 The minute and accurate local knowledge requisite to the formation of a decided opinion, entirely satisfactory to the mind, is not attainable. It appears, however indubitable, that a lighted Beacon of the limited value contemplated, on either Occacock Island, or Shell Castle Island, will be greatly beneficial to the Trade and Navigation of North Carolina.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0123", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to William Bradford, Alexander Hamilton, and Henry Knox, 15 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Bradford, William,Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\nPhiladelphia, March 15th 1794\nThe Secretary of State has it in charge from the President of the United States, to request the attendance of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War, and the Attorney General, at his Room on Monday next 11. o\u2019Clock.\nThe following, among other subjects, will be submitted.\n1. Whether it be expedient to send, to England with the complaints of spoliation, some agent to manage them, under the direction of Mr. Pinckney?\n2. What steps can be taken, to assist the return of our sailors, now detained in the British West-Indies?\n3. Is the President to give an opinion, where the two Houses of Congress propose amendments to the Constitution of the United States?\nEdm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0125", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Seton, 17 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Seton, William\nPhiladelphiaMarch 17th 1794\nMy Dear Sir\nI thank you much for your friendly & expeditious attention to my late requests. All the papers you have sent will answer my ideas except the account of Amsterdam Bills. It is essential I should exhibit to the Committee the monies actually in deposit in each Bank from that source at the end of each quarter and not then passed to the account of the Treasurer. The statement sent me exhibits sums received from period to period without reference to quarters\u2014so that the sum in deposit at the end of each quarter does not appear. A subdivision of these sums with this reference will put all right. Inclosed is a form which will explain what I mean.\nYrs. truly\nA Hamilton\nWilliam Seton Esq\nPS \u2003 In the credit side of your account for advances you mention three sums as charged to the treasurer by my order\nThe fact must have been that the charges were made by the Treasurers\u2019 order as I find no letters to the Bank directing the charging of those sums to the Treasurer; but warrants upon the Treasurer issued to pay the Banks those sums bearing date as on the other side.\nJanuary \nFeby. \nwhich 22000 included the sum of\n10000 advanced the B by Mr. De la Forest & a further sum of 12000 then paid him.\nFeb. \nI conclude therefore that the Treasurer after receiving these warrants took the requisite arrangement with the Bank for causing the sums to be passed to his account.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0126", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Collectors of the Customs, 17[\u201321] March 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \nTreasury Department,17th [\u201321] March 1794\nSir,\nThe monthly Schedules of bonds to be returned to this office were originally stated as a paper of importance. In fact the regular transmission of it is essential to the due course of the operations of the Department. This is the document by which I am enabled to calculate by anticipation the receipts to be expected and consequently to regulate my engagements for disbursements and my measures with regard to auxiliary provisions by loans, &c.\nPublic credit, \u0153conomy and my reputation are all materially involved in the arrangement. It is therefore of necessity to press a strict punctuality concerning it, as a thing indispensable. I have to regret that there have been for some time past too many instances of relaxation in this particular. None have been received from you since the last of September 1793 except for the Month of January.\nI am with consideration & esteem Sir", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0127", "content": "Title: Cabinet Meeting. Opinion on a Proclamation Against Forces to Be Enlisted in Kentucky for the Invasion of Spanish Territory, [18\u201319 March 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, March 18\u201319, 1794]\nBy the President of the United States.\nA Proclamation.\nWhereas I have received information that certain persons in violation of the Laws, have presumed under colour of a foreign authority to enlist, within the state of Kentuckey, citizens of the United States, and have there assembled an armed force for the purpose of invading and plundering the territories of a nation at peace with the said United States: And Whereas such unwarrantable measures, being contrary to the Laws of nations and to the duties incumbent on every citizen of a neutral state, tend to disturb the Tranquility of the United States and to involve them in the calamities of war: And whereas it is the duty of the Executive to take care that such hostile proceedings should be suppressed [the offenders brought to justice] and all good citizens cautioned against measures likely to prove so pernicious to their country & themselves should they be seduced into similar infractions of the Laws.\nTherefore, I have thought proper to issue this Proclamation, and I do hereby strictly prohibit and forbid any person or persons, not authorized by the Laws, to enlist any citizen or citizens of the United States or to levy Troops, or to collect any assemblages of persons within the United States, for the purposes aforesaid [or to proceed in the execution thereof:] & I do also admonish and require all citizens to refrain from enlisting, enrolling or assembling themselves for such unlawful purposes, [and from being in anywise concerned in aiding or abetting therein] as they tender their own welfare, inasmuch as all lawful means will be strictly [vigorously] put in Execution for securing obedience to the Laws and punishing [such dangerous & daring infractions thereof].\nAnd I do moreover charge and require all Courts, Magistrates, Officers & ministers of Justice [& other officers whom it may concern] according to the duties of their several offices to exert the powers in them severally vested to prevent & suppress all such unlawful assemblages & proceedings, [and to bring to condign punishment those who may have been guilty thereof] as they regard the due authority of Government and the peace and Welfare of the United States.\nI do not think, that the proclamation ought to say, that the President forbids; because it is the law which forbids. May not the word infractions be changed to violation.\nE. R.\n[The president is understood to forbid in the name of the law and may therefore with propriety do it. But as this form of expression may be liable to cavil it may be adviseable to vary it if it can be done without losing the requisite energy. Some additions are suggested for consideration.]\nAH\nApproved H Knox", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0129", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, [18\u201325] March 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNewport [Rhode Island] March [18\u201325] 1794. \u201cOn the 17th. instant the Sloop Hannah of New york an enrolled and licensed vessel James Underhill master arrived in this Port from Long island in ballast only; but without a Manifest or Permit, and by his neglect has incurred the forfeiture of fifty dolls. As he lived out of the State, I issued a Writ against him, and he has petitioned the Judge of the District Court, &c. agreeably to the mitigating Act. I have seen his Petition and have no reason to suspect the truth of what he has therein alledged. On the same day the Schooner Arethusa of Freetown Edmund Valentine arrived here from the District of Dighton, and on the next day the Sloop Wealthy of Freetown Guilford Grinnel master arrived here from the said District, both duly enrolled and licensed, and both laden with the Produce of the United States, but both without manifests subscribed by the master. Each of the masters deeming it more eligible to pay the fine of 20 dolls imposed by the 18th. Sec: of the Act for enrolling and Licensing Vessels &c. than to apply to you in the mode prescribed by Law for remission have paid the same but not without much complaint and murmur.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0130", "content": "Title: Report on the Receipts and Expenditures of the United States from the Commencement of the Present Government to the End of the Year 1793, [18 March 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, March 18, 1794]\n[To the Select Committee Appointed to Examine the Treasury Department]\nA Summary Statement Exhibiting the Receipts into the Treasury from Domestic Resources, and Also the Expenditures of the United States Other Than for the Repayment of Domestic Loans, or Out of the Proceeds of Bills Drawn on Amsterdam, from the Commencement of the Present Government to the End of 1793.\nQuarter ending December 31: 1789.\nTo warrants for Expenditures drawn to december 31: 1789\nBy product of duties on Imports & Tonnage\nBy gain on gold received in payment\nBalance against the Treasury\nQuarter ending March 31: 1790\nTo balance against the Treasury on December 31: 1789\nBy product of duties on Imports and Tonnage\nTo Warrants for Expenditures drawn this quarter\nBy repayment of a part of a sum advanced for paying pensions of Invalids &c\nBalance in favour of the Treasury\nQuarter ending June 30: 1790.\nTo Warrants for expenditures drawn this quarter\nBy balance in favour of the Treasury on March 31: 1790\nBalance in favour of the Treasury\nBy product of duties on Imports & Tonnage\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nQuarter ending September 30: 1970.\nTo warrants for Expenditures drawn this quarter\nBy balance in favour of the Treasury on June 30: 1790\nBalance in favour of the Treasury\nBy product of duties on Imports and Tonnage\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nQuarter ending December 31: 1790.\nTo warrants for Expenditures drawn this quarter vizt\nBy balance in favour of the Treasury on September 30:1790\nfor reducing the domestic debt\nfor domestic purposes\nBy product of duties on Imports & Tonnage\nBalance in favour of the Treasury\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nN: B: On the last of december 1790, the balance of unsatisfied appropriations exclusive of that for reducing the debt was 729,926 dollars & 93 cents\nHalf year ending June 30: 1791.\nTo warrants for Expenditures drawn this half year\u2014vizt.\nBy balance in favour of the Treasury on december 31: 1790\nfor reducing the domestic debt\nBy Product of Duties on Imports and Tonnage\nfor domestic purposes including 100 dollars remitted by William Lindsay\nBy Remittance from William Lindsay\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nBalance in favour of the Treasury, of which however 59,041 dollars and 78 cents were anticipated for objects upon which warrants were not issued\nQuarter ending September 30: 1791.\nTo warrants for Expenditures drawn this quarter\u2014vizt.\nBy balance in favour of the Treasury on June 30: 1791\nfor reducing the domestic debt\nBy product of duties on Imports and Tonnage\nfor domestic purposes\nBalance in favour of the Treasury\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nQuarter ending December 31: 1791.\nTo Warrants for Expenditures drawn this quarter vizt.\nBy balance in favour of the Treasury on Septem: 30: 1791\nBalance in favour of the Treasury\nBy Product of duties on Imports and Tonnage\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nN: B: The balance of unsatisfied appropriations at the end of 1791, exclusive of that for reducing the debt, the interest on the domestic debt not funded or registered, and the interest on the foreign debt was 1,109,388 dollars & 96 cents.\nQuarter ending March 31: 1792.\nTo warrants for expenditures drawn this quarter vizt\nBy balance in favour of the Treasury on december 31: 1791\nfor reducing the domestic debt\nfor domestic purposes\nBy Product of duties on Imports and Tonnage\nBalance in favour of the Treasury\nBy ditto on domestic distilled spirits\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nQuarter ending June 30: 1792\nTo warrants for expenditures drawn this quarter vizt.\nBy balance in favour of the Treasury on March 31: 1792\nfor reducing the domestic debt\nBy Product of Duties on Imports and Tonnage\nfor domestic purposes\nBy ditto on distilled spirits\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nBalance against the Treasury\nN: B: a sum of 200,000 dollars was received this quarter on account of a loan from the Bank of the United States, and 140,000 dollars on account of proceeds of foreign loans, from the Bank of North america.\nQuarter ending September 30: 1792.\nTo Balance against the Treasury on June 30: 1792\nBy product of duties on Imports and Tonnage\nTo Warrants for Expenditures drawn this quarter\nBy Ditto on Domestic Distilled Spirits\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nBalance against the Treasury\nN: B: A sum of 200,000 dollars was received in this quarter on account of a loan from the Bank of the United States.\nQuarter ending December 31: 1792.\nTo Balance against the Treasury on septr. 30: 1792\nBy product of duties on Imports & Tonnage\nTo Warrants for Expenditures drawn this quarter vizt.\nBy Ditto on domestic distilled spirits\nfor reducing the domestic debt\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nfor domestic purposes\nBalance against the Treasury\nN: B. The balance of unsatisfied appropriations at the end of the year 1792, exclusive of that for reducing the debt, the interest on the domestic debt not funded or registered, and the interest on the foreign debt was 1,411,696 dollars.\nQuarter ending March 31: 1793.\nTo balance against the Treasury on December 31: 1792\nBy product of duties on Imports & Tonnage\nTo warrants for domestic Expenditures drawn this quarter\nBy ditto on domestic distilled spirits\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nBalance against the Treasury\nQuarter ending June 30: 1793.\nTo balance against the Treasury on March 31: 1793\nBy product of duties on Imports & Tonnage\nTo Warrants for domestic expenditures drawn this quarter\nBy Ditto on domestic distilled spirits\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nBalance against the Treasury\nN: B: A loan of 200,000 dollars was received from the Bank of the United States in this quarter.\nHalf year ending December 31: 1793.\nTo balance against the Treasury on June 30: 1793\nBy Product of Duties on Imports & Tonnage\nTo warrants for domestic expenditures drawn this quarter 1,893,787.37\nBy ditto on Domestic distilled spirits\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nThe Treasury having paid, on account of the french debt, in the half year ending december 31: 1793 dollars 569,651\u2077\u2075\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080 of which dollars 422,057\u00b2\u2070\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080 was beyond the whole proceeds of foreign bills sold, and not referred to other objects\u2014this last sum remained to be added to the domestic expenditures 422,057.20\nBalance in favour of the Treasury\nA Summary Statement of the Receipts and Expenditures of the United States from the Commencement of the Present Government to the End of the Year 1793.\nQuarter ending December 31: 1789\nTo payments made to december 31: 1789 vizt\nBy receipts from the commencement of the present Government to december 31: 1789 vizt.\non Warrants for Repayment of Domestic Loans\nto the Bank of North America\nOn Domestic Loans\n\u201d \u2003 of New York\nfrom the Bank of North America\nJoseph Howell\n\u201d \u2003 \u201d \u2003\u2003\u2003 of New York\nJoseph Howell\nOn Warrants for Domestic Expenditures\namount drawn to said period\nProduct of Duties on Imports and Tonnage\nfrom which deduct warrants remaining unpaid\nGain on gold received in payment\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the Auditor of the Treasury no. 90 dat: January 22: 1790, carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending March 31: 1790\nTo disbursements in this quarter vizt.\nBy balance in the Treasury on 31: december 1789\nOn Warrants for repayment of Domestic Loans\nBy receipts from January 1: 1790 to March 31: 1790\nto the Bank of New York\nOn Domestic Loans from the Bank of New York\n\u201d \u2003 of North America\nProduct of Duties on Imports and Tonnage\nOn Warrants for Domestic Expenditures\nrepayment of part of a sum advanced for paying pensions of Invalids &c\namount remaining unpaid last quarter\n\u2003\u2002 drawn this quarter\nfrom which deduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the Auditor of the Treasury No. 439 dated June 11: 1790, carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending June 30: 1790.\nTo disbursements in this quarter vizt\nBy balance in the Treasury on 31: March 1790\nOn warrant for repayment of Domestic Loans to the Bank of new york\nBy receipts in this quarter\nOn Warrants for Domestic Expenditures\nOn Domestic Loans from the Bank of New York\namount remaining unpaid last quarter\nProduct of Duties on Imports and Tonnage\n\u2003\u2002 drawn this quarter\non account of balances\nfrom which deduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer agreeably to report of the auditor of the Treasury No. 579 dated July 20: 1790, carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending September 30: 1790\nTo disbursements in this quarter vizt on Warrants for Domestic Expenditures\nBy balance in the Treasury on 30: June 1790\namount remaining unpaid last quarter\nBy receipts in this quarter Product of Duties on Imports an Tonnage\n\u2003\u2002 drawn this quarter\non account of balances\nfrom which deduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the auditor of the Treasury No. 802 dated december 16: 1790, carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending December 31: 1790.\nTo disbursements in this quarter vizt.\nBy balance in the Treasury on September 30: 1790\non warrants for Domestic Expenditures for reducing the domestic debt, out of the surplus of duties to the end of the year 1790\nBy Receipts in this quarter Product of Duties on Imports and Tonnage\namount drawn this quarter for other purposes\non account of balances &c\nremaining unpaid last quarter\ndeduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the auditor of the Treasury No. 1079 dated March 11: 1791, carried to account for next quarter\nHalf year ending June 30: 1791\nTo disbursements from January 1: to June 30: 1791 vizt.\nBy balance in the Treasury on December 31: 1790\nOn Warrants for Domestic Expenditures\nBy receipts from January 1: to 30: June 1791\nfor reducing the domestic debt out of the surplus of duties to the end of the year 1790\nProduct of Duties on Imports and Tonnage\n\u201c\u2003drawn during the above time for other purposes\nRemittance from William Lindsay\nOn account of balances &c\nremaining unpaid last quarter\ndeduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the auditor of the Treasury, No. 1569 dated Septemr. 12: 1791 carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending September 30: 1791\nTo disbursements in this quarter vizt.\nBy Balance in the Treasury on June 30: 1791\nOn Warrants for Domestic Expenditures\nBy Receipts in this quarter\nfor reducing the domestic debt out of the surplus of duties to the end of the year 1790\nProceeds of Foreign Loans from the Bank of North America\ndrawn in this quarter for other purposes\n\u201c \u2003\u2003\u2003 of New York\nProduct of Duties on Imports and Tonnage\non account of balances &c\nremaining unpaid last quarter, including 100 dollars remittance, part of former balance\ndeduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the auditor of the Treasury No. 1738 dated Nov: 9: 1791, carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending December 31: 1791.\nTo Disbursements in this quarter vizt.\nBy balance in the Treasury on September 30: 1791\nOn Warrants for Domestic Expenditures remaining unpaid last quarter\nBy Receipts in this quarter Product of duties on Imports and Tonnage\ndrawn this quarter\non account of balances &c\ndeduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the auditor of the Treasury, No. 1973 dated January 31: 1792. carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending March 31: 1792\nTo Disbursements in this quarter vizt\nBy balance in the Treasury on Decemr. 31: 1791\nOn Warrants for reducing the French Debt\nBy Receipts in this quarter Proceeds of Foreign Loans\n\u201c\u2003for reducing the Domestic Debt, out of the surplus of duties to the end of the year 1790\nProduct of duties on Imports & Tonnage\n\u201c\u2003for Domestic Expenditures remaining unpaid last quarter\nDitto on domestic distilled spirits\non account of balances &c\ndrawn this quarter\ndeduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the auditor of the Treasury No. 2431 dated May 17: 1792, carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending June 30: 1792.\nTo Disbursements in this quarter vizt\nBy balance in the Treasury on March 31: 1792\nOn Warrants for reducing the French Debt\nBy Receipts in this quarter Proceeds of Foreign Loans\n\u201c\u2003for reducing the Domestic Debt, out of the surplus of duties to the end of the year 1790\nof Domestic Loans, received from the Bank of the United States, on account of a loan pursuant to Act May 8: 1792\n\u201c\u2003for Domestic Expenditures remaining unpaid last quarter\nProduct of duties on Imports & Tonnage\non account of balances &c\nProduct of duties on domestic distilled spirits\ndrawn this quarter\ndeduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the Auditor of the Treasury No. 2863 dated aug: 16: 1792, carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending September 30: 1792.\nTo Disbursements in this quarter vizt.\nBy Balance in the Treasury on June 30: 1792\nOn Warrants for reducing the French debt\nBy Receipts in this quarter\n\u201c\u2003for Domestic Expenditures remaining unpaid last quarter\nProduct of duties on Imports & Tonnage\non domestic\ndistilled spirits\non account of balances &c\ndrawn this quarter\ndeduct warrants remaining unpaid\nProceeds of Domestic Loans, received from the Bank of the United States on account of a loan pursuant to act May 8: 1792\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the auditor of the Treasury No. 3204 dated November 12: 1792 carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending December 31: 1792\nTo Disbursements in this Quarter vizt.\nBy Balance in the Treasury on September 30: 1792\nOn Warrants for reducing the French Debt\nBy Receipts in this Quarter\ndrawn\nBy Receipts in this Quarter\ndeduct remaining unpaid\nProduct of duties on Imports & Tonnage\nfor Debt due to Foreign Officers\non domestic distilled spirits\nfor reducing the Domestic Debt, out of the surplus of duties to the end of the year 1790\non account of balances &c\nfor Domestic Expenditures remaining unpaid last quarter\nProceeds of Domestic Loans, received from the Bank of North America, without interest, for the use of the department of war\ndrawn this quarter\ndeduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the auditor of the Treasury No. 3650 dated february 18: 1793, carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending March 31: 1793.\nTo disbursements in this quarter vizt.\nBy balance in the Treasury on december 31: 1792\nOn warrants for remittances to Holland on account of the dutch debt\nBy Receipts in this quarter Product of duties on Imports and Tonnage\nfor reducing the French debt drawn this qr.\non domestic distilled spirits\nremaining unpaid last qr.\nfor Debt due to Foreign Officers\non account of balances &c\nfor reducing the Domestic debt, out monies received on account of foreign loans\nProceeds of Foreign Loans\nfor Domestic Expenditures remaining unpaid last quarter\ndrawn this quarter\ndeduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the auditor of the Treasury No. 4150 dated June 3d. 1793, carried to account for next quarter\nQuarter ending June 30: 1793.\nTo Disbursements in this Quarter vizt.\nBy balance in the Treasury on March 31: 1793\nOn warrants for remittances to Holland on account of the dutch debt\nBy Receipts in this quarter Product of Duties on Imports & Tonnage\n\u201c\u2003for reducing the French debt\n\u201c\u2003for debt due to Foreign officers\non domestic distilled spirits\n\u201c\u2003for Domestic Expenditures remaining unpaid last quarter\non account of balances &c\ndrawn this quarter\nProceeds of Domestic Loans, received from the Bank of the United States on account of a loan pursuant to act of feb: 28: 1793\ndeduct warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance due by the Treasurer, agreeably to report of the Auditor of the Treasury, No. 4621 dated decemr. 9: 1793\nHalf year ending December 31: 1793.\nTo payments made from July 1: to decemr. 31: 1793 vizt\nBy balance in the Treasury on June 30: 1793\nOn warrants for debt due to Foreign officers\nBy product of duties on Imports & Tonnage\n\u201c\u2003for reducing the French debt\nBy ditto on domestic distilled spirits\n\u201c\u2003for remittances to Holland on account of the Dutch debt\nBy amount received on account of balances &c\nBy proceeds of foreign bills of Exchange\n\u201c\u2003for reducing the domestic debt out of monies received on account of foreign Loans\nBy domestic Loans, received from the Bank of the United States\n\u201c\u2003for the first instalment on the loan of ten millions from the Bank of the United States\n\u201c\u2003for repayment of Domestic Loans amount of warrants drawn\nof which paid to the Bank of the U:S:\nto the Bank of North America\n\u2003\u2002 remaining unpaid\n\u201c\u2003for Domestic Expenditures amount of warrants remaining unpaid last quarter\ndrawn this quarter\nfrom which deduct amount of warrants remaining unpaid\nBalance in the Treasury on December 31: 1793\nN:B: The accounts of the Treasurer for the half year ending December 1793 have not been settled at the Treasury but the above balance differs only two cents from that stated by him.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0131", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 18 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nUnited States 18 Mar. 1794\nPay to the Director of the Mint the within sum of sixteen hundred dollars and also the further sum of one thousand dollars for the purposes of that establishment.\nGeo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0133", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 19 March 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston March 19: 1794\nSir\nYour letter under the 7th instant just now arrived by post. I hasten to answer it hoping that the conduct of the officers will not appear to you in the same point of light, after an explanation of the business is had, as it did when you received the information to which you refer. By the enclosed Copy you will perceive that you had nearly a state of facts.\nOn the 16th. Ulto. Captain Williams reported at this office, I was then absent, that a small Ship under British colours was at anchor in Nantasket road, under a command which refused a visiting officer of the customs permission to go on board to ascertain what & whence she was.\nUnder these circumstances the officers of the Customs present thought it their duty, as the Ship appeared under British colours to notify the British consul of the fact not doubting but he would instantly set matters right; to accomplish which without a noise, was the ardent wish of the Officers. Hence they were induced to express themselves strongly and to say that the Consuls notice and advice were necessary \u201cto prevent such rigid measures as may be within the power of our commission.\u201d They were drawn into the last observations from the growing warmth discoverable among the people and supposed that a hint of the danger arising from public resentment would induce a speedy attention to the matter and prevent those ill consequences which they apprehended would be the consequences of a delay.\nThe Gentlemen feel unhappy indeed that an action, to which they were stimulated by a warm desire to discharge their duty in such a manner as should be productive of the best order and the greatest good should be construed so unfavorably. Conscious of their good Intentions they rely with confidence that whatever has been thought \u201cunguarded\u201d in this business will be deemed to have originated in their Mode of Judgment & not from Inattention or motives of Resentment.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0134", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Lowell, 19 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lowell, John\nTreasury DepartmentMarch 19th. 1794\nSir\nInclosed I transmit a duplicate of my decision on the Petition of Henry Jackson Esqr.\nAs it appears from the statement of facts annexed to the said Petition that there are doubts entertained whether the case would come within the provision of the act for remitting or mitigating the forfeitures and Penalties accruing under the revenue laws; and having decided on the case by virtue of that act, an explanation of my construction of it will be proper.\nI have considered the regulation which subjects to forfeiture spirits imported in casks or vessels of less capacity than ninety Gallons, being manifestly designed to guard against an evasion of the duties on imported Spirits, by facilitating the clandestine landing of them, to be in fact and in construction of Law a regulation or law concerning the collection of duties of Impost and Tonnage\u2014notwithstanding the title of the Act in which it is found. And I have thence concluded that the act of the 26th. of may 1790 continued in force by subsequent Acts, having an aspect to future as well as to the then existing laws, extends to the case in question.\nWith great respect & esteem \u2003 I am sir \u2003 your obedient servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nJohn Lowell EsquireJudge of the District ofMassachusetts", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0135", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jeremiah Olney, 19 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Olney, Jeremiah\nTreasury Department, March 19, 1794. \u201cI have to acknowlege the receipt of your letter of the 17th of last month. I approve of the employment of additional counsel in the suits of Messrs Arnold & Dexter.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0136", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Bartholomew Dandridge, [20 March 1794]\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, March 20, 1794]\nBy the President\u2019s order Bw. Dandridge has the honor to transmit to the Secy. of the Treasury the enclosed letter just received by the President from the Govr. of North Carolina\u2014together with the papers therein mentioned\u2014and to inform the Secretary that the President requests he will report to him in regard to the matter contained in the said letter & enclosures.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0137", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Otho H. Williams, 20 March 1794\nFrom: Williams, Otho H.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBaltimore, March 20, 1794. \u201cYour letter of the 5th Instant respecting the suits against Mr. Vochez & Co. was duly received. But, owing to the confinement of the Collector, was not communicated to the Attorney of the District until about a Week past.\u2026 I have also the honor of your letter respecting arrangements to be made with the British Consul relative to French prizes &c\u2014and that business is about to be adjusted.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0138", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 21 March 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, March 21, 1794. \u201cDue enquiry concerning the objects of the petition of the Ship owners & others in the town of Portsmouth in New Hampshire having been made in pursuance of the order of the senate of the United States, I have the honor to communicate the result. It appears that the Petitioners have not been accurately informed as to the state of preservation in which the Light house on New Castle Island is at this time.\u2026 The imperfection of the light seems to have been occasioned partly by the bad construction of the former Lamps \u2026 and partly by the omission of ventilators in the Lantern \u2026 It is expected that the felling of some trees upon a neighbouring high land, will increase the visibility of the light and measures will be taken to procure that to be done.\u2026 The supplies of oil are now procured in the large purchases for the Light House service, made by the U:S: and a Keeper to reside on the spot, immediately responsible to Government, is employed. The exception made by the Petitioners against the superintendence of the Collectors of the Revenue\u2019s of Impost & tonnage, does not appear to be well founded. As it regards public economy, convenience & utility, The present collector has uniformly manifested the requisite attention and Judgment.\u2026 It appears, however, that the present light house is really not sufficiently high, and that the Lantern is too small, wherefore any building which may be hereafter erected should be in all respects upon a larger scale.\u2026 In regard to Beacons & Buoys it appears to be of real and great importance that several of them should be established.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0139", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 21 March 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Boston, March 21, 1794. On June 19, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Lincoln and referred to \u201cyour letter of the 21st. of march last.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0140", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from David Ross, 21 March 1794\nFrom: Ross, David\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBladensburgh [Maryland] March 21. 1794\nDear Sir\nCo Mercer passed through this place yesterday in the Stage on his way as he says to Congress\u2014yet he may perhaps be going no farther than Baltimore but if he should go on it is probable he will be satisfied to have the appearance of closing the correspondence with you as I find he never sent forward to the office your last & has now withdrawn the whole of the papers. If however I should be mistaken & he should answer your last I need not again express my sentiments as to your putting yourself on a footing with him. If any thing should take place I hope to be informed by you as no dependance can be put on the representation of it by Co Mercer.\nI was sorry I missed you several times before I left the City on the subject of Britains then supposed unexpected conduct towards this Country which is now believed & Sedgwicks Motions in Congress are supposed to be brought forward in consequence of such belief. Those I have yet seen in your City & this State who were the most inclined for peace and opposed to Madisons Resolutions are for very spirited Measures if a War cannot be avoided but they have a confidence also that no precipitate conduct will involve us but that we shall rather give Britain an opportunity (after showing ourselves prepared even for offensive operations) of altering her Measures in time to avoid a War. At any rate the idea is that if any Declaration takes place it should be first on the part of Britain & that we should not do as the French did, attach the People of England to the Measures of their administration by a hasty Declaration of War instead of continuing only acts of Retaliation.\nA Judgment can be formed of the principles on which Madisons Resolutions have been brought forward & supported, by the part their advocates take on Sedgwicks Resolutions.\nYours in haste\nDavid Ross", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0141", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 21 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nUnited States 21. Mar. 1794.\nPay to The Secretary of State, in pursuance of the Act providing for the relief of such of the Inhabitants of St. Domingo, resident within the U. S. as may be found in want of support, two thousand dollars; to be by him remitted to the Comittee at Baltimore, appointed to superintend the unfortunate people of the above description at that place.\nGeo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0142-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Probable State of Cash up to the 1. July 1794, [21 March 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, March 21, 1794]\nProbable State of Cash up to the 1. July 1794.\nProbable demands on the Treasury to the first of July 1794\u2014vist.\nFor the Departmt. of War by estimation\nFor the payment of foreign officers\nFor sums informally advanced by the bank of the U.S. for the public service for want of appropriation.\nFor bills purchased & to be purchased to remit to Amsterdam for payments of interest & instalment falling due on the foreign debt to the 1. July 94.\nFor the last instalment of a loan of 800,000 dollars of the bank of the US. obtained pursuant to an act of the last Session\nFor two quarters Interest on the public debt payable within the UStates\nAmount of Civil Debt for two quarters\nDollars\nAmount of Cash in the several banks per Treasurers return of 7 Mar. 1794\nAmount of Cash in the hands of the several Collectors of the Customs & Supervisors per abstract of returns rendered, dated 7 Mar. \u201994\nAmount of sums receivable for duties on Imports & tonnage in the months of march, april May & June per abstract of returns of bonds made up the 7. of march 1794\nAmount of additional returns since received from the Custom house of New York\nSums receivable from the duties on Imports & Tonnage & distilled Spirits not ascertainable by reason of deficient returns, by estimation\nDeficiency of bank towards answering the probable demands on the Treasury.\nDolls.\nTreasury DepartmentMarch 21. 1794.\nAlexander Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0144", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the President and Directors of the Bank of the United States, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President and Directors of the Bank of the United States\n[Philadelphia, March 24, 1794. \u201cIn consequence of an Act lately passed enabling the President to borrow for the services of the current year One Million of Dollars, I have his authority to negotiate a loan to that extent. I flatter myself that I shall be able as heretofore to obtain this necessary aid from your institution, to be advanced in \u2026 installments.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0145", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Cochran, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Cochran, John\nTreasury Department, March 24, 1794. \u201cI have directed the Treasurer of the United States to remit to you a draught on the Office of Discount & Deposit at New-York for Ninety Thousand dollars, to enable you to discharge the Interest, which will become due the 31st. Instant on the several species of stock standing on your books.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0146", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the Select Committee Appointed to Examine the Treasury Department, [24 March 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Select Committee Appointed to Examine the Treasury Department\n[Philadelphia, March 24, 1794]\nI ask the Committee appointed to enquire into the state of the Treasury department, to decide, whether they expect from the Secretary of the Treasury, the production of any other authorities from the President to him, in reference to the loans made under the Acts of the 4th. and 12th. of August 1790, except such as regard merely the making of the said loans and the application or disbursement of such part of the proceeds of those loans, as were to be disbursed in foreign countries?\nI object to the being required to produce any other authorities, than those excepted, for the following reasons, Viz:\n1st \u2003 Because it results from the constitution of the Treasury department, that all the receipts and expenditures of public money within the United States, must pass through that department, under the sanction of warrants from the Secretary, countersigned by the Comptroller and registered by the Register\u2014consequently, whenever a loan is made either abroad, or at home, on account of the United States, destined for disbursement within the United States, it becomes, ex officio, the province of the Treasury department, to draw the proceeds of such loan into the treasury, and to disburse them thence, according to law.\n2nd \u2003 Because, when it once appears, that the President has constituted the head of a department, his agent, for any general purpose entrusted to him by law, all intermediate authorities from the President to the Agent, being conformable with law, are to be presumed. The proper enquiry for the Legislature must be, \u201cwhether the laws have been duly executed or not.\u201d If they have been duly executed, the question of sufficiency or deficiency of authority from the President to his Agent, must be, to the Legislature, immaterial and irrelevant. That question must then be a matter purely between the President and the Agent\u2014not examinable by the Legislature, without interfering with the province of the Chief Magistrate, to whom alone the responsibility is.\nAll authority from the President, to do any thing not warranted by the laws of the 4th: and 12th: of August, is disclaimed. A complete responsibility, for the due and faithful execution of those laws, is admitted to rest on the head of the Treasury department. He claims no protection from any instruction or authority of the President, for any thing, which may have been irregular or wrong. But he respectfully conceives, that the competency of his authority from the President, to do what, being done, is conformable with the laws, is not, under the circumstances of the case, a proper object of legislative enquiry.\nAlexander HamiltonSecry. of the Treasury.\nTreasury department, 24th. March 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0147", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Dept. Mar. 24. 1794.\nSir,\nA Committee of the House of Representatives appointed to enquire into the state of the Treasury Department, is charged among other things to enquire into the authorities from the President to the Secretary of the Treasury respecting the making and disbursement of the Loans made under the act of the 4th and 12 of August 1790. You will perceive by the enclosed copy of a paper of this date delivered to the Committee, the opinion I entertain of the proper limits of a Legislative enquiry on that subject.\nBut in the event of a determination that the enquiry should be general it becomes proper to fix with the President the true view of facts.\nThe real cause of the transaction has been this. Before I made the disposition of any Loan I regularly communicated to the President my ideas of the proper disposition, designating how much it would be expedient to pay to France\u2014how much to draw to the United States\u2014and always received his sanction for what was adopted & afterwards carried into execution. The communication & the sanction were verbal whenever the President was at the seat of Government. In a case of absence they were in writting. This will appear from my Letters of the 10th & 14 April 1791. and from the President\u2019s answer of the 7 of May following. My letters of the 29 July & 22d. of September 1791, and of the  of August & 22d. of September 1792 contain a further illustration of the general spirit of proceeding in the case, in regard to the consultation of the President.\nThe sanctions of the President were sometimes expressly and always, as I conceived in their spirit, founded in a material degree on the confidence, that the measures proposed were guided by a just estimate on my part of circumstances, which from situation must have been best known to me\u2014and that they would be always in conformity to the Law.\nWith the most perfect respect &c.\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasy.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0148", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Daves, 25 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Daves, John\nTreasury Department, March 25, 1794. \u201cThe enclosed is a Copy of a letter which has been received from the Surveyor of Beaufort in the District of New Bern. I request to be informed what steps have been taken in regard to the seizure alluded to by the Surveyor.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0149", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Dunn, [25 March 1794]\nFrom: Dunn, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Dublin, Ireland, March 25, 1794.] \u201c\u2026 I wish to vest a Sum of Money in America but am so circumstanced at present that it is not in my power to cross the Atlantic. The Sum is a fund for the Establishment of a beloved Family destined to be Inhabitants of the new World.\u2026 I have ventured to request Mr. John Barclay to whom Mr. Wilson has made consignments of the Fund to suffer himself to be named a Trustee.\u2026 The Nature of the Trust is specified in a writing \u2026 enclosed to you in a Letter of which this is a Duplicate.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0151", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 26 March 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston, March 26, 1794. \u201cYour circular letter of the 17th instant came to hand just now by post. We have not now or have we ever had an idea of relaxing in that part of our duty which required from us a monthly Schedule of Bonds to be returned into your office.\u2026 If there have been any omissions towards the close of the last year we can only observe as an apology that one Clerk whose business it was to make out these returns was taken sick at a time when we were crouded with business & that in consequence no return was made in Nov.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0152", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Collectors of the Customs, 26 March 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \nTreasury Department 26 March 1794\nSir,\nInclosed you will find a resolution of Congress for laying an embargo on all vessels in the ports of the United States bound to any foreign port or place, for the term of thirty days. It is understood that this is not to interfere with any of the usual proceedings in the cases of vessels employed in the coasting trade or Fisheries except that the surrender of a license in order to the proceeding on a foreign voyage is not to be received. The Registers of all vessels which are or may be deposited with you, are to be detained until the expiration of the term of the embargo. During that term no clearance for a foreign port or place is to be granted, nor are any but vessels employed in the coasting trade or Fisheries, to be permitted to clear from district to district without bond being first given with one or more sureties to your satisfaction in a sum equal to the value of whatever lading she may have on board, with condition that she will proceed to the district for which she shall clear, and there enter, and shall produce within a term not exceeding four months, a certificate from the Collector of some other district, of her having there duly landed her said lading.\nI am Sir, \u2003 Your obedient Servant\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0154", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 27 March 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, March 27, 1794. \u201cI have to request that a warrant may issue in favor of William Allibone Esquire superintendent of the Delaware Lighthouse establishment, for four hundred forty five Dollars; to enable him to discharge the accounts falling due in the quarter ending the 31st day of march instant.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0155", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Nourse, 27 March 1794\nFrom: Nourse, Joseph\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRegisters Office 27 March 1794\nSir\nI have the honor to enclose a certificate of the sums issuable from the Treasury of the United States for the payment of Interest becoming due to the several creditors on the books of the Treasury on the 31. of March 1794 and to the trustees for the redemption of the Public debt for interest arising to the same period upon the stock standing in their names and in the name of Samuel Meredith in trust for the United States. Viz.\nTo the several creditors\nTo the trustees for the redemption of the Public debt\nTotal Sum issuable\nWith the greatest respect I am \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your Most Obed Humb. Servt.\nJ N\nThe Honble. Alex. Hamilton Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0157", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Henry Livingston, 28 March 1794\nFrom: Livingston, John H.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York March 28. 1794.\nDear Sir\nI am very unwilling to take up a moment of your precious time and shall not therefore wast it in apologies. The accounts of Abrah. Livingston are not yet taken up in the Office. Will you please to request the Auditor to direct his Clerks to begin with that Business? The settlement has been long delayed. We were in hopes of Obtaining more Vouchers, and have now got all we shall probably ever possess. Procrastination may prove injurious, and it is time the ballance should be ascertained. A word from you will remind the Auditor of my request and put the Business into an immediate train. Another word respecting the principle of indulgence due to orphan accounts will serve to give a favorable complexion to the final settlement. I place great confidence in the candor & equity of the Auditor.\nI have not yet heard from Mr. Lewis, but hope soon to have his Opinion respecting the claims of Congress upon the Estate of my late Father in Law. Be assured of my sincere respect and fervent wishes for your success and happiness. Mrs. Livingston presents her kind compliments to Mrs. Hamilton. Please to accept of mine and believe me to be\nDear Sir \u2003 Your most affectionate friend & humble servant\nJ: H: Livingston\nCol: Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0158", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Timothy Pickering, 28 March 1794\nFrom: Pickering, Timothy\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nGeneral Post Office, March 28, 1794. \u201cI have reviewed my calculations respecting Ichabod Grumman\u2019s claim for an allowance on Account of the loss he sustained in carrying the mail between Philadelphia and New York, by reason of the fatal sickness in the former city, during the last Autumn; and seeing no cause for alteration in the statement, I now request your approbation, in writing, as you proposed.\u2026 John Inskeep, in behalf of himself & Gabriel Peterson Vanhorne the Contractors for Carrying the mail between Philadelphia and Baltimore, has presented a claim for \u00a3120. 19. 3 as an indemnification for their extra expences in carrying that mail during the same sickness.\u2026 Your Opinion thereon is requested.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0159", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [28 March 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, March 28, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President of the U. States and encloses herewith the draft of a passport for Capt. Montgomery, to which (if found right) the President\u2019s signature is requested, in order that the vessel may be dispatched.\nTreasy. Dept. Mar. 28. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0160", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholass and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 28 March 1794\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nAmsterdam 28th March 1794.\nSir!\nSince our last respects of 24th Ultimo, We have your esteemed favor of 21st. January, advising the Treasurer would remit us a Bill of the Bank of the United States on ourselves for Ho. Cy. f 400,000. Which We have received, and is to the Credit of the United States.\nOur preceeding Letter will have testified that We have been equally impressed with yourself, of the propriety and importance of keeping you early and regularly advised of what was going on here in Financial matters. You may rely We have studied to act up to what We thought so necessary and useful.\nWe highly approve your idea, to let the Correspondence between us, pass through Houses of respectability at New York. Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston, and to be certain of our late letters reaching you, We forward to you thro\u2019 each of the Gentlemen You have indicated at aforesaid ports, Copies of our letters to you of 27 December, 14 January, 4 & 24 Feby. To the Contents of which We have little to add, except that the Sale of the Bonds of the last Loan does not go on so favorably as We wish or did expect, which occasions the Call for the Optional Bonds to be less than We hoped for: We however still trust, they will go off sufficiently well, to induce the Undertakers to accept what may remain on hand at the period when they will have to declare themselves on that subject.\nWe are respectfully \u2003 Sir! \u2003 Your mo. ob. hb. Servants\nWilhem & Jan Willink\nN & J VanStaphorst & Hubbard\nAlexd. Hamilton Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0161", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Abraham Baldwin, 29 March 1794\nFrom: Baldwin, Abraham\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia 29th. March 1794\nSir,\nThe Committee appointed to enquire into the state of the Treasury Department, have come to a resolution, which they have directed me to send to you.\nI have the honor to be, \u2003 with great respect, \u2003 Sir, \u2003 Your obedt: Servt.\nAbram Baldwin,Chairman of Comme.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0162", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 29 March 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nSir\nThe estimates herein enclosed relatively to the fortifications is a Copy of the one present\u2019d to the Committe of Congress, and is presumed to have been contemplated in the Law making the appropriations upon the Subject\u2014some places however are mentioned in the Law which are not contained in the estimate.\nIt will be necessary to appoint some man of character, for integrity and intelligence in each of the places to be fortified for the purpose of obtaining the labour and materials necessary for the fortifications. I presume the appointment of such persons will belong to your department and under this impression, I have conceived it proper on my part to draft a letter according to the purport of No. 2.\nAs it will be perceived that Garrisons are contemplated it will be necessary that some arrangement be also made for furnishing the rations and other necessary supplies in the Quarter Masters Department.\nYou will decide upon the proportions of the Sums for the fortifications to be placed in the hands of the Agent to be appointed. They ought to be sufficient to obtain every thing which shall be wanted so that the Works may not languish for want of the necessary means.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0163", "content": "Title: Report on the Periods at Which Moneys Were Received by the Banks for the Sale of Bills on Amsterdam and the Dates of the Warrants for Passing the Said Moneys to the Credit of the Treasurer of the United States, [March 29\u2013May 12 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, March 29\u2013May 12, 1794]\n[To the Select Committee Appointed to Examine the Treasury Department]\nStatement Exhibiting the Periods at Which Monies Were Received by the Bank of New York for the Sale of Bills on Amsterdam, and the Dates of the Warrants for Passing the Same to the Credit of the Treasurer of the United States.\ndollars Cts\nDollars Cts\nAmount of bills on Amsterdam placed in the Bank of New york for sale f 1,125,000 @ 36\u2074\u2044\u2081\u2081/90\nAug: 17\nWarrant in favour of the Treasurer\nInterest\nMay 31\nditto\nDollars\nDollars\nApril 2}June 30\nReceived by the Bank\nSept 8\nPassed to the credit of the Treasurer in consequence of warrant dated August 17: 1791\nSept. 30\nditto \u2003 in this quarter\nDecr. 31\nditto \u2003\u2003\u2003 do\nFeby 13\nditto \u2003 since December. 31st: 1791\nApl. 10\nDitto in consequence of warrant March 31, 1792\nDollars\nDollars\nStatement Exhibiting the Periods, Monthly, at Which Monies Were Received by the Bank of North America, for Bills on Amsterdam Sold by Said Bank, and the Dates of the Warrants for Passing Said Monies to the Credit of the Treasurer of the United States\ndollars Cts\ndollars Cts\nBills sold by the Bank of North America f 1,343,673.12.8 @ 36\u2074\u2044\u2081\u2081/90\naug: 17\nWarrant in favour of the Treasurer, this date\njune 30\nditto\nInterest received by ditto on the sales\njan: 28\nditto\nDec 21\nditto\nAmount of monies received by the Bank of North America Dollars\nDollars\ndecemr\nReceived this month\nAug: 17\nPassed to the credit of the Treasurer. by warrant this day\nBalance in deposit carried forward\njany\nditto\nfeby\nditto\nmarch\nditto\nNote\u2014The informal advances to Joseph Howell Esquire amounted in September 1791 to Dollars 39,992\u2075\u2076\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080\napril\nditto\nmay\nditto\njuly\nditto\naugst\nditto\nSept\nditto\nTo Balance brought forward\nOct:\nReceived this month\njune 30\nPassed to the credit of the Treasurer by warrant this day\nNov\nditto\nBalance in deposit carried forward\ndec:\nditto\njany\nditto\nNote. The informal advances to Joseph Howell Esqr. including the sum before noted, amounted on the 3d. of january 1792 to Dolls. 156,595.\u2075\u2076\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080\nfeb:\nditto\nmar:\nditto\nJune\nditto\nTo Balance brought forward\nJany 28\nPassed to the credit of the Treasurer by warrant this day\nJuly\nReceived this month\nDec: 21\nditto being the sum advanced informally to Joseph Howell Esqr\nAug:\nditto\nStatement Exhibiting the Periods at Which Monies Were Received by (the) Bank of the United States and Its Offices of Discount and Deposit, for the Sale of Bills on Amsterdam, and the Dates of the Warrants for Passing) Said Monies to the Credit of the Treasurer of the United States.\nDollars Cts\nDollars Cents\nAmount of bills on amsterdam placed in the Bank of the united States and its offices of dis count and deposit f\nMarch 12\nWarrant in favour of the Treasurer of this date on the Bank of the United States\nDeduct bills repurchased and since cancelled\nditto\noffice of New York\nditto\nBaltimore\nJuly 19\nditto\nBank of United States\nDec: 7\nditto\nditto\nditto\nditto\nInterest received by the Banks\nSales at the Bank of the United States.\nJuly\nReceived by Bank of united States this month\nMarch 12\nPassed to the credit of the Treasurer by warrant of this date\nAugust\nditto\nSeptr\nditto\nDecr.\nDitto\nNovr.\nditto\nOctr\nditto\nJany\nditto\nFeby\nditto\nApril 1\nPurchased by the Bank conditionally, that payment should be made on this day, in case advice should be received, that Mr. Short had not otherwise disposed of the funds Dolls.\nJuly 19\nPassed to the credit of the Treasurer by Warrant of this date\ndeduct bills repurchased and surrendered, \u214c Secretary\u2019s letter to the Bank March 29: 1793\nNote. The sum of 200,000 dollars \u214c contra was left in deposit on account of the first instalment of two millions of dollars due to the Bank, the effect of which was to arrest the interest on said instalment after decemr. 31: 1792\nSum due\nDeduct this sum on which an additional credit was given to the Bank, in consequence of a conditional purchase of bills by the Secretary on the 1: of april 1793\nOctr. 3\nBalance being the amount of bills conditionally purchased on the 1st. of april, the sale of which became absolute on the return of the bills furnished by the Bank\nDecr. 7\nPassed to the credit of the Treasurer by warrant of this date\nditto to cover the sale of a bill to the director of the mint \u214c contra\nCredit given by the Bank for a bill furnished to the director of the mint\nSales by the Office of discount and deposit at New york.\nAugust\nReceived by the office this month\nMarch 12\nPassed to the credit of the Treasurer by warrant this day\nSeptr.\nditto\nOctr.\nditto\nNovr.\nditto\nDecr.\nditto\nJany\nditto\nSales by the office of discount & deposit at Baltimore\nSeptr.\nReceived by the office this month\nMarch 12\nPassed to the credit of the Treasurer by warrant this day\nOctr\u2003to Decr.}\nditto\nStatement Exhibiting the Proceeds of Bills of Exchange on Amsterdam Furnished the Secretary of State for Public Purposes, and the Dates for Passing the Same to the Account of the Treasurer of the United States\nAmount of bills of exchange on amsterdam furnished the Secretary of State, at sundry times, the proceeds of which have been settled in account with the Treasurer of the United States f 318,697.10\nMarch 24\nWarrant to pass this sum into the Treasury\nJuly 31\nditto\nRecapitulation\nSales by\nthe Bank of New York\n\u2003do\nBank of North America\n\u2003do\nBank of the United States and the Offices of discount and deposit}\n\u2003do\nby the Treasurer", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0164", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Seton, 29 March 1794\nFrom: Seton, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York 29th March 1794\nMy Dear sir\nI have been much chagrined at the delay in forwarding you the required papers, but when so many are concerned, it is difficult to go on very fast, tho I do assure you I got them finished as quick as I possibly could. The President forwards them on to you this day, and I trust they will be satisfactory, tho it mortifies me, that they should be always giving you so much vexation and trouble.\nI did not make any purchases for Mr. Church after I received your Letter, tho Shares have been down so low since, that the Latter purchase to compleat, would have redeemd the average of the whole very low indeed. The night before last owing to the news from the West Indies, all Stocks started in price immediately from 5 to 6 \u214c Cent and they keep rising. Shares are now 107 @ 108. Whenever you think it is prudent I should go on buying, you will be so good as to let me know, as I wrote to Mr. Church by the last Vessell that sailed that I should not purchase any more till I heard from you\u2014the whole Sum drawn for and invested is \u00a37856. 1. 6 Sterling.\nIt struck me in writing over the Treasury Statements, to ask the question, whether it is probable any Commission will ever be allowed for the purchases I made of Stock for the Public. I merely mention it, but not with the least view of urging it. If anything comes it is well. I am with the sincerest esteem & respect \u2003 Dear sir \u2003 Your Obliged Obed He Srt\nWm Seton\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0165", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Bush, 31 March 1794\nFrom: Bush, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Wilmington, Delaware, March 31, 1794. On June 19, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Bush: \u201cHurry of business prevented an earlier reply to your letter of the 31st. of March last.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0167", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 31 March 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCustom HouseDistrict of Providence 31st March 1794.\nSir\nYour Letter of 26th. Instant inclosing a Resolution of Congress laying an embargo on all vessels bound to Forreign Ports was Received by Express on the 29th Inst. at 11 oClock A.M. to which I shall pay an attentive observance. The Letters, to my care, for the Several Collectors were immediately dispatched, by Express, by the Dy. Post Master.\nYour Letter of the 19th Inst. approving my employing other Counsel in the Suits of Messrs. Arnold and Dexter has been Received. My first intention was to have employed Judge Sullivan but previous engagements prevented his attending. I then applyed to H. G. Otis Esqr. of Boston a Gentleman of approved abilities and Tallents in the Law who attended, & the Suit of Mr. Arnold was Tryed, before the Superiour Court in this Town on the 21st Instant, but Judgment has not yet been given, the Case being Postponed for Consideration untill the meeting of the Court at Washington County on the Seventh of April next when I have hopes of a Favourable dicision in which I presume the fate of Dexters Suit will be involved, as the Two Suits are considered very Similar.\nI have the Honor to be very respectfully \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your Most Obed. Hum Servt.\nJereh. Olney Collr.\nAlexander Hamilton Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury\nP.S. I have Just received information to be relied upon, that the Brigantine Maria which Cleared at this office on the 25 Inst. for St. Thomas also the Schooner Nancy which Cleared on the 27th Inst. for Monte Christo, & both Sailed from this District at Sunrise on the 29th Inst. Touching at Newport were there Stopped by the Collector\u2014but the Schooner the Property of W. Arnold Esqr. under pretence of returning to this Port weighed Anchor and Stood up the Bay, but passed the West Passage at the North End of Conanicut Island & proceded on her Voyage. I find that it is the opinion of Some Gentlemen here that the Vessel Master nor owner are not Liable to any Penalty for Such a Breach of the law. My opinion is that a penalty will be incurred though it is not defined by the Resolution of Congress laying the Embargo nor your Letter. I respectfully request Sr. your particular instructions as to the Steps Necessary for me to persue in the present Case. The Maria remains at Newport.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0169", "content": "Title: Draft of a Proposed Message from George Washington to Congress, [March\u2013May 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Washington, George\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, March-May, 1794]\nGentlemen\nIn my speech to the two houses of Congress at the opening of the session I urged the expediency of being prepared for war as one of the best securities to our peace. Events which seem dayly to be unfolding themselves press still more seriously upon us the duty of being so prepared, indicating that the calamities of war may by a train of circumstances be forced upon us, notwithstanding the most sincere desires and endeavours to cultivate and preserve peace.\nI cannot therefore withold from congress the expression of my conviction that the united States ought without delay to adopt such military arrangements as will enable them to vindicate with vigour their rights and to repel with energ\u27e8y\u27e9 any attacks, which may be made upon them: and that it may be advisable to add some dispositions calculated to exempt our commerce from being the prey of foreign depredation.\nThe blessings of peace are in my view so precious that they will continue to engage my most zealous exertions for their continuance\u2014under this impression the suggestions I have made are influenced as much by a persuasion of their tendency to preserve peace as by a sense of the necessity of being prepared for events which may not depend on our choice.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0170", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Angelica Church, [1\u20137 April 1794]\nFrom: Church, Angelica\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nMy Dear Brother:\nYou will have the pleasure to receive this letter by Dr. Priestly, a man dear to virtue and to science. Without the advantage and satisfaction of his acquaintance, I revere him for his works, and take a particular interest that he should be well received in America. That happy country which seems reserved by Providence as an Assylum from the crimes and persecutions which make Europe the pity and disgrace of the age.\nYou my dear Brother will receive with distinguished kindness this worthy stranger, (if he whose breast teems with the love of mankind may anywhere be called a stranger) and make our country so dear to him as to cause him to forget that which he leaves at an advanced period of Life and which he has most ably served.\nMr. Church is under the first attack of the Gout. He unites in love to you and dear Eliza.\nI am my dear Brother \u2003 your affectionate sister\nAngelica Church.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0171", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Dewhurst, 1 April 1794\nFrom: Dewhurst, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nLondon April 1st. 1794.\nSir\nOn the 2 Octr. last I took the liberty of recommending two honest industrious men to be employed at Patterson, in case of an open in their line.\nI now take the liberty of writing you on the subject of White Calicoes, which were never better manufactured here then at present\u2014they are of most excellent quality, and to be purchased from 8\u00bdd a 9\u00bdd \u214c yard. Now Sir it appears to me that it must be a considerable time before they can be manufactured in America at any such prices; and that it will be most assuredly the interest of the establishment at Patterson to import them, provided the printing branch is intended to be brought to perfection, and which must be done before the Cotton manufactory can flourish much with you\u2014but at present I do not think you have any persons amongst you that are so fully competent to it as might be wished\u2014believe the Jordans of Germantown print as well as any, if not better, unless superior ones may have arrived since I left. What I now recommend is the importing a quantity of the different kinds of white Cloth from what I have above stated; and while they are at the present uncommon low prices and in order that the drawback may be received on the running yards, which is 1\u00bdd \u214c yard if the cost does not exceed 18d \u214c yd\u2014can get it stamped so as to obtain said drawback, which may be discharged in the easiest manner possible for printing into any style of work with you, and which I shall point out if any thing is done. The drawback will reduce the price of the cloth in such a manner after paying all expences in importing it, as to stand in full as little money on your side the water, as even to the Printers here. If the concern shd. think proper, I will undertake to execute the business for them in the very best manner possible and engage to lay the Cloth down in America free of all the expences to them as at foot for 1\u00bdd \u214c yd. or I will take the drawback instead. This is reducing it to a certainty, that the cloth will only stand them in the first cost, agreeably to the different sorts that may be purchased. Shoud any thing be wanted to be done here, in this, or any other line for the concern, I shoud be glad to have the honor of serving it, and feeling more on various accounts for the interest of the establishment at Patterson than a stranger can be supposed to do, entitles me a little I think to a preference, shoud anything be necessary to be transacted here, and which must be, if the establishment goes on, which I hope and trust it does. The only thing that will be wanted, by an act to be passed for that purpose to complete the business, and to enable any concern in America to come to market properly, will be the redrawing the duties paid on importation, on the Cloth design\u2019d for printing with you, and on other materials that may be necessary to the different branches that may be carried on. This done, and the concern may come cheaper to market at a certainty then the importers with you can and as the duties now stand, and I see they are going to be still higher with you, which will be all in favor of what I have now suggested. If the duties on Cloth designed for printing can be redrawn, I am so confident it woud answer, that I woud find those here who woud join any private concern, and do all that was requisite here. Woud send such skilful hands over in the printing line, as shoud be fully competent to every thing that coud be wanted. I am certain you have them not yet. Shoud any property be sent to be laid out in anything I have recommended, or for any other purpose, I advise its being remitted to the London & Middlesex Bank, where after the rate of three per Cent \u214c Annum will be allowed until the application of the money, and the same being at all times ready by being placed there, is preferable much to its being sent to any Merchant. They are next in point of capital to the Bank of England, and no other bank here allows any interest for money lodged in their hands. I can give security to any amount, for any thing that may be entrusted to my care at all times, be it in what it may, or on what account, either of a public or private nature. I have opened an Agency Office for the sale of the Funds and Lands of the United States, different to any thing yet attempted here, at No 17 Norfolk Street Strand, where I reside, and where I have conveniences for all kinds of mercantile business, and where any thing directed for me will come regularly to hand. Not doubting but in the course of a very little time, the purchasing American lands will become a considerable business here; give me leave to mention, that on that account, and to remove all obstacles, a general act shoud be passed with you, allowing all foreigners not residing in the United States to hold Lands in any part of them. At present believe that is not allowed in any State but Pennsylvania. This circumstance has prevented many from purchasing\u2014hope the difficulty will be removed, & soon.\nHaving done for the present with the Cotton branch, I take the liberty of suggesting, that I consider the Earthen ware manufactory (particularly the Black quart Bottle part of it) as well deserving attention with you; and for this plain reason, that what causes the price of earthen ware to be what it is, is the enormous freight it pays, and which if nearly saved by a manufactory of it, woud be a prodigious great profit, for in fact it is almost all freight, the first cost being small in comparison. These are the kind of manufactorys I think, that must be considered as eligible for America as any. The quantity of black bottles used with you is great, and the manufactory of that article coud be established in any part of the United States\u2014particularly wd. do well in Penn: Jersey, or New York State, being near market. The principal article used in this manufactory is kelp, or kelk, a sea weed gathered of the rocks. If anything favorable shoud arise to those concerned from what I have now suggested, shall feel great satisfaction in hearing it, and remain\nSir \u2003 Yr. obliged and mo: Obt. hble st.\nJohn Dewhurst\nCharges to be pd. by J DPrinting or Stamping hereFreight and InsuranceCommission and other sundry charges\nPS. \u2003 Perhaps you will imagine, that what I mentioned in my letter of the 2 Octr., respecting the paying the interest here on your funds, is not for the good of the Country\u2014otherways I take the liberty of recommending the London & Middlesex Bank as the most proper House for that purpose, and woud be glad to undertake it.\nDoctor Priestly embarks this week on board the Sansom for New York, with several other persons of property. Many more are leaving this country very soon, and persons of good property. Our despotic rulers are in for another Campaign against France, in which I hope and trust they will not succeed. When leather headed John Bull will be tired of being gull\u2019d, and paying for all, tis impossible to say. He has been at it for a century past. I beg pardon for the expression of leather headed, but I cannot afford him a better name.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0172", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 1 April 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nColles Offe. Port of Newport [Rhode Island]Apl. 1st. 1794\nSir,\nOn the 29th. of March last in the Afternoon I received your letter of the 26th. of the same month inclosing the Resolution of Congress laying an Embargo &c. As by the words of the Resolutn. the Embargo is laid on all ships and vessels in the Ports of the United States, whether already cleared out or not bound to any foreign port or place I apprehend that it comprizes foreign vessels bound to any foreign ports or places which may put into any of the Ports of the United States.\nIn your letter you observe \u201cIt is understood that this is not to interfere with the usual proceedings in the cases of vessels in the coasting Trade or Fisheries, except that the surrender of a License in order to the proceeding on a foreign voyage is not to be received.\u201d The prevention of our Vessels from going to foreign ports I conceive to be the main object of government and thence I conclude that Permits are not to be granted to Vessels licensed for the whale or cod fishery to touch and trade at foreign Ports or Places. Please to inform me whether my opinions in both these respects is right, or either of them. I have heard that the Express who brought your Letter, brought also letters to the Collectors eastward of this District from the Secry at War. I have not received any letter from him; nor Instructs. from the President of the United States for carrying the said Resolution into effect.\nI am Sir, yr. most obedt. servt.\nWm Ellery Colle\nA Hamilton EsqrSecry Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0173", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 1 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nPhiladelphia April 1 1794.\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President & transmits the copy of a paper, which he proposes to communicate to the Committee on the state of the Treasury Department and which he hopes will be found by the President conformable with what passed in the interview of yesterday.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0174", "content": "Title: Report on Principles and Course of Proceeding with Regard to the Disposition of the Moneys Borrowed Abroad by Virtue of the Acts of the Fourth and Twelfth of August, 1790, as to the Point of Authority, [1 April 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Select Committee Appointed to Examine the Treasury Department\n[Philadelphia, April 1, 1794]\n[To the Select Committee Appointed to Examine the Treasury Department]\nPrinciples and course of proceeding, with regard to the disposition of the monies borrowed abroad, by virtue of the Acts of the 4 and 12 of August 1790, as to the point of authority.\nIt was conceived by the Secretary of the Treasury, to be a clear principle resulting from the constitution of the Treasury Department, and from the several provisions of that act, collectively taken, that all public monies, once obtained, and destined for disbursement within the United States, came, of course, under the direction of the officers of that Department, according to their respective functions; and that no special authority, extrinsic to the Department, was, in strictness, necessary to enable them to draw money, from whatever source originating, into the Treasury, or to issue it thence, for the purposes designated by Law.\nIt was also conceived by him, to be, tho\u2019 a less clear principle, one most agreeable to the true spirit of the constitution of the Department, as well as essential to the preservation of order and due accountability in the money-transactions of the Country, that even monies procured abroad, and to be disbursed abroad, were, as to their application, to be under the direction of the same Department.\nUnder the influence of these principles, thus entertained with different degrees of assurance (the President having determined to place the procuring of the loans under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury) the following course of proceeding was pursued.\nThe Secretary obtained from the President, in the first place, a general commission to him to make the Loans authorised by the two Acts of the 4th & 12th of August. A copy of this Commission was communicated to the House of Representatives in the last session, No. 1. and is dated the 28. of August.\nHe also obtained from the President, an instruction, dated the same day, to guide and justify him; 1st. with regard to the person to be employed in Europe in negotiating the Loans, and 2dly. with regard to the extent, to which, the loans under the first Act, and payments on account of the foreign debt, should be carried, at all events, exclusively of the consideration of the advantagenessness of the terms of the loans.\nBut under the influence of the first mentioned principle, he neither asked, nor obtained any general instruction from the President, as to the sums to be drawn to the United States, for the purpose of the second Act.\nNevertheless, from the special connection of the President with the subject, owing to the authority to borrow being immediately vested in him; from the circumstance of the existence of a particular discretion to be exercised by the President, as to anticipated payments of the foreign debt; and from the official relation of each head of a department to the President; The Secretary of the Treasury considered it, as his duty, from time to time, to submit the disposition of each Loan to the consideration of the President, with his reasons for such disposition, & to obtain the sanction of the President, previous to carrying it into effect, which was always had.\nThe communications to the President and his sanctions were, for the most part, verbal. Two exceptions appear from letters (herewith shewn) of the Secretary to the President, of the 10 and 14 of April, and 22d. of September 1791; and from the President to him of the 7 of May \u201991, relating to a case of absence from the seat of Government. These Letters are evidence of the course and spirit of proceeding.\nIt is to be understood, that the sanctions of the President were always bottomed upon the representation of the Secretary, and were always expressly or tacitly qualified with this condition\u2014that whatever was to be done, was to be agreeable to the Laws.\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasy.\nPhiladelphia April 1. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0176", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Adams, [2 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Adams, John\n[Philadelphia, April 2, 1794]\n\u27e8The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to\u27e9 the Vice-President\u2014sends him a memoir which is the work of a Mr. La Rocque a French Gentleman who is said to be charged with exploring the ground for extensive speculations in our vacant lands &c and which the Author is desirous of having placed under the eye of the Senate. How this can be done the Vice President can best judge or whether at all.\nPhiladelphiaApril 2d. 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0177", "content": "Title: Cabinet Meeting Opinion on a Request for a Passport, 2 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund,Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry,Bradford, William\nTo: \n[Philadelphia] 2. April 1794.\nWe are of opinion, that a passport ought to be granted for a vessel under the above restrictions.\nEdm: Randolph.Alex Hamilton\nI am inclined to think the vessel ought [to] sail not only by the permission, but in consequence of the directions of the President.\nWm. Bradford\nThe same opinion\nH Knox", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0180", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 3 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia] April 3, 1794. \u201cMr. Hamilton presents his Compliments to Mr Coxe, and would be glad to see Mr Coxe some time between the hours of 4 & 5 this afternoon.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0181", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 3 April 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston, April 3, 1794. \u201cA Vessel has lately arrived here navigated by a number of American masters who say that they purchased her in the British west indies that she was an American Vessel condemned as a lawfull prize. The vessel was undoubtedly owned in this State and is now here without papers. Can she have new ones? If new ones To whom should they be granted?\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0184", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 4 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, April 4, 1794. On December 27, 1794, Coxe wrote to Hamilton and referred to \u201cyour letter of the 4th of April committing to me with certain reservations & restrictions the business of the Treasury for the War Department \u2026 reserving the money matters to yourself.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0185", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Abraham Baldwin, 5 April 1794\nFrom: Baldwin, Abraham\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] Saturday the 5. of April 1794.\nResolved, that it would be satisfactory to the Committee, that the paper submitted to them, April 1st 1794, by the Secy. of the Treasury, respecting the point of authority, under which, monies borrowed abroad, have been drawn to the United States, should be presented to the President of the United States; and that the Secretary should obtain from him, such declaration concerning the same, as the President may think proper to make.\nAbr. BaldwinChairman of Committee.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0186", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to William Bradford, Alexander Hamilton, and Henry Knox, 5 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Bradford, William,Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\nPhiladelphia, April 5th. 1794.\nThe Secretary of State has the honor of inclosing for the consideration of the Secretaries of the Treasury and of War and the Attorney General of the United States, the papers in the case of the British Ship William, a prize to a French vessel of war. The Secretary of State is of opinion, that it is not proved, that she was taken within the protection of our Coasts, and therefore that she ought to be delivered up to the Captors.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0187", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [5 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, April 5, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to The President & encloses the draft of a passport for the vessel of Mr. Fitzsimons which he understands the President had agreed to give. Mr Fitzsimons states that there will be on board, 8 barrels bread, 3 bbls Beef, 1 bbl pork & 1 barrel hams. All the articles but the last are understood to be intended for the subsistence of such of our seamen as may incline to come in the vessel\u2014the barrel of hams destined for a present.\nPhilada. April 5. 1794.\nThe vessel only waits it is said for the Passport.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0189", "content": "Title: Report on a Representation from the State of Kentucky, [7 April 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, April 7, 1794Communicated on April 8, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury to whom was referred, by an order of the House of Representatives of the 24th of January last a Representation from the Legislature of the State of Kentucky concerning the expences of certain expeditions carried on against the Indians, since the 1st. day of January 1785, respectfully makes the following Report thereupon.\nThe general principles of the Settlement of Accounts between the United and Individual States, suppose the adjustment of all similar Matters which originated prior to the Separation of Kentucky with the State of Virginia. Accordingly it is understood, that the expences of the above mentioned expeditions were comprised in that Settlement, as a Claim on behalf of the State of Virginia upon the United States and were substantially admitted to the Credit of that State.\nThe Secretary does not perceive that the desire of the State of Kentucky could be complied with, but upon ground which would demand the entire exoneration of all the States from debts of cotemporary or antecedent date.\nWhich is respectfully submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department April 7th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0190", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [7 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, April 7, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President and has the honor to transmit a resolution of the Committee of Inquiry into the state of the Treasury Department, of the 5. instant which came to his hand this morning, together with the paper to which it relates. The Committee meet again tomorrow Evening.\nMonday April 7. 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0191", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 8 April 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, April 8, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to request of you a warrant for nine hundred Dollars intended to make a payment to the undertaker of the Iron work of the two Lighthouse Lanterns at Bald Head & Savannah.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0192", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 8 April 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nColles Offe. [Newport, Rhode Island] Apl. 8th 1794\nSir,\nJust after I had recd. the Resoln. laying an Embargo I was informed that there were in this Port two vessels which were cleared out at Providence for foreign Ports. I desired the Surveyor to inform the masters of them that they were under an Embargo, and must not proceed on their voyages. He did same. They waited upon me. I read the Act to them, told them that they might return to Providence; but that they were prohibited from going to foreign ports. They concluded to return and in a few days left this harbour, stood up the bay with a seeming intention to return to the Port of Providence; but as soon as they had gained the North End of Conanicut, they passed out to Sea through the West passage between Connancit and the shore of Narraganset. Considering that it would be a Hardship to detain them here, and not in the least suspecting that they would attempt to go to sea, I permitted them to depart; and I have to regret my confidence in their integrity, and their respect for the Resolution of the United States; and have to regret the contempt they have shown to a Law of the United States. One of these Vessels is the Brig Maria of Providence commanded by Metcalf Bowler and bound to St. Thomas the other is the Sloop Nancy of Providence Zebedee Hunt master and bound to Monte Christo.\nIn the forenoon of the 31st of the last month the Schooner Boyne Thomas Greene master, belonging to and bound from St. Johns New Brunswick to New york put into this harbour by reason of a head wind, her laden consistg. of three barrels of Codfish, two puncheons of rum one barrel Potatoes, two barrels of Salmon, one box & nine Smoaked ditto, one bole Herring, one box of furrs, and Twenty six tons of plaister of Paris as ballast, and having on board passengers comprizing women and children. In the afternoon the master of her came to the Custom House produced his papers, and it appearing that the Vessel was regularly cleared for New york, upon his giving the usual bond in such cases he was furnished with a certified copy of his manifest, and proposed to proceed with the first fair wind. But a number of my fellow citizens, who put a difft. construction on the Resolution for an Embargo than I do, and who perhaps were heated by the ill treatment our commerce and some of the masters of our vessels have received from British subjects determined to stop her. In the evening of that day John Wanton Capt. of the Fort came to my house, and asked me whether I wanted any assistance to stop the vessel, I told him that as she was not bound to a foreign part, and the Resolution laying an Embargo had made no descrimination of vessels I conceived I had no authority to stop her. He rose suddenly from his chair, swore that he would stop her, and immediately left my house. I was informed, and I dont doubt it to be true, He with a number of others in two boats boarded the Schooner as she lay in the harbour, weighed her anchor, ran her aground in a dock, and stripped her of her sails. The Vice-Consul last friday wrote a letter to the Genl. Assembly on this occasion, and a part owner of the Vessel who was the bearer of it, was on the same day referred by the Assembly to the Governour. The Governor I am well informed has the matter under his consideration; but had not made up his mind on the subject yesterday.\nUpon receiving the Resolution and before the arrival of the Boyne I consulted the District Judge respecting the Embargo, and among other questions I asked this\u2014Suppose a vessel belonging to and cleared from a foreign port to any district of the United States should put into this Port had I right to stop her until the term of the Embargo should expire? It was his opinion that the Resolution did not warrant my detaining her. I have since taken the opinion of the District Atty. on my conduct relative to the Boyne, and it [is] his opinion that I acted rightly, and that I had no right to detain her. I wish for your opinion on the subject. The Vessel is still detained by the Capt. of the Fort.\nI am Sir, your most obedt. servt.\nWm Ellery Coll\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqe.Secry of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0193", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [8 April 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, April 8, 1794]\nDr Sir,\nAnnexed to your Statemen\u27e8t\u27e9 of \u201cPrinciples and course of Procee\u27e8d\u27e9ings\u201d I have given the certificat\u27e8e\u27e9 required.\nI am yours always\nGo: Washing\u27e8ton\u27e9\nTuesday 8th. April 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0195", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 8 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nPhiladelphia April 81794\nSir\nI have analised the declaration which you have been pleased to make upon the copy of the paper of the first instant delivered by me to the committee of Inquiry into the state of the Treasury Department\u2014and find, with regret, that the terms used are such as will enable those, who are disposed to construe every thing to my disadvantage, to affirm \u201cThat the Declaration of The President has intirely waved the main point and does not even manifest an opinion that the representation of the Secretary of the Treasury is well founded.\u201d\nTo this it would be added, that the reserve of The President is a proof that he does not think that representation true\u2014else his justice would have led him to rescue the officer concerned even from suspicion on the point.\nThat this will be the Interpretation put upon your declaration, I have no doubt, and in justice to myself I cannot forbear to make this impression known to you, and to bring the declaration under your revision.\nI am the more certain that this construction will be put upon the fact from what has heretofore taken place. In the course of the discussion of the last session, an argument of this kind was, in private, urged against me. \u201cIf Mr. Hamilton had really acted by the authority of The President or in due communication with him would not the President take some method either directly to Mr. Madison or through Mr. Jefferson or Mr. Randolph to make known to him, that this ground of accusation did not exist? His not doing it, which may be inferred from Mr. Madison\u2019s urging the point, is a proof that there was no cooperation on his part.\u201d\nIn addition to this I have learnt from an authentic source that a particular Gentleman supposed to possess good opportunities of information has intimated in a manner to induce a belief of its having come from you\u2014That it never was your intention that any of the loans which were made should have had reference to the Act making provision for the Reduction of the public Debt and that you never knew any thing of the operation while it was going on.\nUnder all that has happened Sir, I cannot help entertaining and frankly expressing to you my apprehension, that false and insidious men, whom you may one day understand, taking advantage of the want of recollection, which is natural, where the mind is habitually occupied with a variety of important objects, have found means by artful suggestions to infuse doubts and distrusts very injurious to me.\nMy consciousness of what has been the real tenor of my conduct and my conviction of the fairness and rectitude of your mind compel me to this conclusion.\nUpon this as upon every other occasion my desire is to encounter directly and without detour whatever embarrassment may stand in my way. If contrary to what I understood from Mr. Lear during the discussion of the matter in Congress, and what I inferred from the late conversations with you\u2014the affair does not stand well in your mind\u2014I request the opportunity of a full and free conference on the subject, to recapitulate and go over all the circumstances which have occurred, in the hope of recalling to your Memory what may have escaped it\u2014and with a wish to abide the result in an explicit form, that is, by a declaration, which shall render the main fact unambiguous or shall record the doubt.\nAs on the one hand I expect what is due to the situation\u2014so on the other I seek no palliation of delinquency, no cover for any defect of conduct.\nThe situation is indeed an unpleasant one. Having conducted an important piece of public business in a spirit of confidence dictated by an unqualified reliance, on the [one] hand, upon the rectitude candour and delicacy of the person under whom I was acting, on the other, by a persuasion that the experience of years had secured to me a reciprocal sentiment (whatever imperfections it may have otherwise discovered) and by the belief likewise that however particular instances might be forgotten, the general course of proceeding in so important an affair could not but be remembered\u2014I did not look for a difficulty like that which now seems to press me. Knowing too that there existed in my written communications with The President (not only those which have been specified but others) so many direct and indirect indications of what was truly the course pursued\u2014I still less apprehended a difficulty of that nature when the occasion for explanation should occur.\nNot seeking to escape responsibility for any improper execution of the laws, if any has happened, I did not imagine that want of immediate authority from the President to do what they would justify would be suffered to remain (the appeal being made to him) a topic of objection to my conduct.\nIn the freedom of these remarks, I flatter myself, Sir, that you will perceive nothing but that just sensibility which a man of honor, who thinks his veracity is exposed to question, ought to feel, and that you will be persuaded I continue yet to retain undiminished all that respect which a long established conviction of the existence of an upright and virtuous character ought to inspire.\nWith this sentiment I have the honor to remain \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Obedient \u2003 & most humble servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nThe President of The United States.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0197", "content": "Title: Meeting of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, [9 April 1794]\nFrom: Commissioners of the Sinking Fund,Adams, John\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, April 9, 1794]\nAt a Meeting of The Commissioners of the Sinking fund, mentioned in the Act making provision for the reduction of the public debt, at the Senate Chamber April 9. 1794.\nPresent,\nThe Vice President of the United States,\nThe Secretary of the Treasury,\nThe Secretary of State,\nThe Attorney General\nA report from Joseph Nourse, register of the Treasury, was read, stating that the dividends of interest arising on the first quarter of the present year on the stock standing to the credit of the said Commissioners, and also to the credit of Samuel Meredith, Treasurer, in trust for the United States, amounted to sixteen thousand five hundred & sixty eight dollars & seventy seven Cents.\nWhereupon, Resolved, that the same be forthwith applied towards sinking the public debt by purchasing stock upon rules & principles conformable to the last resolution of the board.\nResolved, that the sum of fifty thousand dollars be also appropriated & applied in like manner.\nResolved, that Samuel Meredith, be the Agent for making the said purchases of Stock.\nSigned by order of the board,\nJohn Adams.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0200", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 12 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, April 12, 1794. On May 14, 1794, Tench Coxe wrote to Hamilton and referred to \u201cthe two Estimates No 1 & 2 of the Secrety of War, contained in his letter to you of the 12th. of April last.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0201", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 12 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nPhiladelphia, April 12, 1794. Submits \u201ctwo resolutions of the Commissioners of the Sinking fund of the 9th instant.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0202", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Daniel Delozier, 13 April 1794\nFrom: Delozier, Daniel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Baltimore, April 13, 1794. On May 1, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Delozier: \u201cI duly received your letter of the 13th of April.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0203", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 14 April 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nColles Offe. Port of Newport [Rhode Island]Apl. 14th 1794\nSir,\nIn my last of the 8th of this month I gave you an account of the departure of two Vessels belonging to Providence for foreign Ports in defiance of the embargo, the names of those Vessels and of their masters and the places to which they were respectively bound. One of them, the Brig Maria is owned by Samuel Butler, and Samuel Butler junior, Cyrus Butler, Seth Wheaton and Richard Jackson junr. all of Providence Merchants, the other, the Schooner Nancy, is owned by Welcome Arnold of the same Providence.\nIn that letter I also gave you an account respecting the Schooner Boyne of St. Johns. The day after I wrote that letter the Vice-Consul received a letter from our Governor informing him that the Schooner Boyne was considered as coming within the intention of the Act of Congress laying an Embargo, and that She must remain at Newport unless the President of the United States should think fit to permit her to depart. Since that the Part Owner of the Boyne has hired a Vessel to take him, her Passengers and part of his Plaister of Paris to New York; and by him the Vice-Consul has written a letter to Mr. Hammond, the British Minister, representing what has occurred relative to the Boyne, and inclosing therein a copy of the Governor\u2019s letter. I suppose that the Vessel is still in the custody of John Wanton the Capt. of the Fort. I have not thought proper to interfere in this business; for I would not wish to oppose my opinion to that of the Governor, and the Capt. of the Fort, is so rash, headstrong, abusive and uninformed that I would not chuse to have any conversation with him.\nLast friday I received your letter of the 3d current, concerning fortifying this Port, have appointed Walter Channing of Newport Merchant Agent for the purposes therein mentioned; and shall attend to the directions it contains. At the same time I recd. letters from the Secry of War on the same subject. I am informed that our Genl. Assembly at their late session ceded their right to the fort and its environs and authorized the proprietors of lands in the Town of Newport to dispose of them to the United States for the purpose of fortifications. I am Sir yr. obedt. servant.\nWm Ellery Collr.\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr.\nPS \u2003 I have this day written a letter to the Secry at War enclosg. a copy of the letter to me from Mr. Channing acceptg. the Agency.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0205", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 14 April 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCustom HouseDistrict of Providence 14th Apr. 1794.\nSir\nIn my Letter of the 31st Ulto. I acquainted you that I had hopes of a favourable Decision of the Superiour Court that was to meet at Washington County on the 7th Inst. Relative to the Suits of Messrs. Arnold & Dexter in the Case of the Brigantine Neptune but to my Surprise the opinion of the Court was, that said Suits ought to be Sustained against me, Two of the Judges for & Three against me\u2014but they did not find any damages, leaving that for a Jury to assess. I am anxious to bring the matter to an Issue, shall therefore apply to the Same Court, which is to meet in the County of Kent on the 28th Int. for a Special Jury to be Taken up, by the high Sherrief of Providence County, for the purpose of ascertaining the Dammages\u2014& if any is given, I shall take the proper Stepts to bring this business before the Supreme Court of the United States, for the present Construction of the law, will put it in the power of Every person whose bond is in Suit and unpaid, to obtain a Credit by an evasive Transfer of his Property, on the Arrival of his Vessel.\nI have the Honor to be very respectfully \u2003 Sir \u2003 your Most Obed. Hm. Sr.\nJereh. Olney Collr.\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0206", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox, and William Bradford, 14 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Bradford, William,Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\nPhiladelphia April 14. 1794.\nGentlemen\nThe President wishes your opinion, as to the step, proper to be taken, upon the inclosed address. To send to congress, what the President thinks unfit for himself, will be unkindly received; being uncivil in itself. To acknowledge the body, as such, is in every view inadmissible. So that the question seems to turn upon this; whether it be better to treat the paper with unqualiffied and silent contempt; or to return it to James Marshal, as an individual, to this effect; \u201cthat the President receives no applications from a body, as such, whose constitution is not known in the laws; and that the paper is therefore returned to him, as the individual, from whom it came.\u201d Silent contempt I prefer.\nI have the honor, gentlemen \u2003 to be with great respect \u2003 Yr. mo. ob. serv.\nEdm: Randolph\nThe Secretary of the Treasury,The Secretary of War, andThe Attorney general of the U S.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0207", "content": "Title: Report on Exports from the United States for the Year Ending September 30, 1793, [14 April 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, April 14, 1794] This report consists of a general statement of exports from the United States for one year ending on September 30, 1793, a \u201cSupplement A\u201d concerning exports, and a \u201cSummary B\u201d giving the total value of exports to each nation in both the general statement and the supplement.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0208-0002", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [14 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nPhiladelphia April [14] 1794\nSir\nThe present is beyond question a great, a difficult & a perilous crisis in the affairs of this country. In such a crisis it is the duty of every man, according to situation, to contribute all in his power towards preventing evil and producing good. This consideration will I trust be a sufficient apology for the liberty I am about to take of submitting without an official call the ideas which occupy my mind concerning the actual posture of our public affairs. It cannot but be of great importance that the chief Magistrate should be informed of the real state of things; and it is not easy for him to have this information but through those principal officers who have most frequent access to him. Hence an obligation on their part to communicate information on occasions like the present.\nA course of accurate observation has impressed on my mind a full conviction, that there exist in our councils three considerable parties\u2014one decided for preserving peace by every effort which shall any way consist with the ultimate maintenance of the national honor and rights and disposed to cultivate with all nations a friendly understanding\u2014another decided for war and resolved to bring it about by every expedient which shall not too directly violate the public opinion\u2014a third not absolutely desirous of war but solicitous at all events to excite and keep alive irritation and ill humour between the UStates and Great Britain, not unwilling in the pursuit of this object to expose the peace of the country to imminent hazards.\nThe views of the first party in respect to the questions between G Britain and us favour the following course of conduct\u2014To take effectual measures of military preparation, creating in earnest force and revenue\u2014to vest the President with important powers respecting navigation and commerce for ulterior contingencies\u2014to endeavour by another effort of negotiation confided to hands able to manage it and friendly to the object, to obtain reparation for the wrongs we suffer and a demarkation of a line of conduct to govern in future\u2014to avoid \u2019till the issue of that experiment all measures of a nature to occasion a conflict between the motives which might dispose the British Government to do us the justice to which we are intitled and the sense of its own dignity\u2014If that experiment fails then and not till then to resort to reprisals and war.\nThe views of the second party, in respect to the same questions favour the following courses of conduct\u2014to say and to do every thing which can have a tendency to stir up the passions of the people and beget a disposition favourable to war\u2014to make use of the inflamation which is excited in the community for the purposes of carrying through measures calculated to disgust Great Britain and to render an accommodation impracticable, without humiliation to her, which they do not believe will be submitted to\u2014in fine, to provoke and bring on war by indirect means without declaring it or even avowing the intention; because they know the public mind is not yet prepared for such an extremity and they fear to encounter the direct responsibility of being the authors of a War.\nThe views of the third party lead them to favour the measures of the second\u2014but without a perfect coincidence in the result. They weakly hope that they may hector and vapour with success\u2014that the pride of Great Britain will yield to her interest\u2014and that they may accomplish the object of perpetuating animosity between the two countries without involving War.\nThere are some characters, not numerous, who do not belong to either of these classes\u2014but who fluctuate between them as in the conflict between Reason & Passion, the one or the other prevails.\nIt may seem difficult to admit in the situation of this Country that there are parties of the description of the two last men who can either systematically meditate war or can be willing to risk it otherwise than by the use of means which they deem necessary to insure reparation for the injuries we experience.\nBut a due attention to the course of the human passions as recorded in history and exemplified by daily occurrences is sufficient to obviate all difficulty on this head.\nWars oftener proceed from angry and perverse passions than from cool calculations of Interest. This position is admitted without difficulty when we are judging of the hostile appearances in the measures of Great Britain towards this country. What reason can there be why it should not be as good a test of similar appearances on our part? As men, it is equally applicable to us\u2014and the symptoms are strong of our being readily enough worked up into a degree of rage and phrenzy, which goes very far towards silencing the voice of reason and interest.\nThose who compose the parties whose measures have a War-Aspect are under the influence of some of the strongest passions that can actuate human conduct. They unite from habitual feeling in an implacable hatred to Great Britain and in a warm attachment to France. Their animosity against the former is inflamed by the most violent resentment for recent and unprovoked injuries\u2014in many instances by personal loss and suffering or the loss and suffering of intimate friends and conections. Their sympathy with the latter is increased by the idea of her being engaged in defending the cause of liberty against a combination of despots who meditate nothing less than the destruction of it throughout the world. In hostility with Britain they seek the gratification of revenge upon a detested enemy with that of serving a favourite friend and in this the cause of liberty. They anticipate also, what is in their estimation a great political good, a more complete and permanent alienation from Great Britain and a more close approximation to France. Those even of them who do not wish the extremity of war consider it as a less evil than a thorough and sincere accommodation with Great Britain and are willing to risk the former rather than lose an opportunity so favourable as the present to extend and rivet the springs of ill will against that Nation.\nHowever necessary it is to viel this policy in public\u2014in private there are not much pains taken to disguise it. Some Gentlemen do not scruple to say that pacification is and ought to be out of the question.\nWhat has been heretofore said relates only to persons in public character. If we extend our view from these to the community at large, we shall there also find a considerable diversity of opinion\u2014partizans of patience negotiation and peace, if possible, and partisans of war. There is no doubt much of irritation now afloat\u2014many advocates for measures tending to produce war. But it would be a great mistake to infer from these appearances that the prevailing sentiment of the Country is for war\u2014or that there would be either a willing acquiescence or a zealous cooperation in it if the proceedings of the government should not be such as to render it manifestly beyond question, that war was inevitable but by an absolute sacrifice of the rights and interests of the Nation\u2014that the race of prudence was completely run and that nothing was done to invite hostility or left undone to avoid it.\nIt is to my mind unequivocal, that the great mass of opinion in the Eastern States and in the State of New York is against War if it can be avoided without absolute dishonor or the ultimate sacrifice of essential rights and interests\u2014and I verily believe that the same sentiment is the radical one throughout the UStates, some of the towns perhaps exepted, where even it is much to be doubted whether there would not be a minority for the affirmative of the naked question of war or of measures which should be acknowleged to have a tendency to promote or produce it.\nThe natural inference from such a state of the public mind is\u2014that if measures are adopted with the disapprobation and dissent of a large and enlightened minority of Congress, which in the event should appear to have been obstacles to a peaceable adjustment of our differences with Great Britain\u2014there would be under the pressure of the evils produced by them a deep and extensive dissatisfaction with the conduct of the Government\u2014a loss of confidence in it\u2014and an impatience under the measures which War would render unavoidable.\nProsperous as is truly the situation of this country, great as would be the evils of War to it, it would hardly seem to admit of a doubt, that no chance for preserving peace ought to be lost or diminished, in compliance either with resentment or the speculative ideas, which are the arguments for a hostile course of conduct.\nAt no moment were the indications of a plan on the part of Great Britain to go to War with us sufficiently decisive to preclude the hope of averting it by a negotiation conducted with prudent energy and seconded by such military preparations as should be demonstrative of a Resolution eventually to vindicate our rights. The revocation of the instructions of the 6th of November even with the relaxation of some pretensions which Great Britain has in former wars maintained against Neutral Powers is full evidence that if the system was before for War it was then changed. The events which have taken place in Europe are of a nature to render it probable that such a system will not be revived and that by prudent management we may still escape a calamity which we have the strongest motives internal as well as external to shun.\nI express myself thus because it is certainly not an idle apprehension that the example of France (whose excesses are with too many an object of apology if not of justification) may be found to have unhinged the orderly principles of the People of this country and that War by putting in motion all the turbulent passions and promoting a further assimilation of our principles with those of France may prove to be the threshold of disorganization and anarchy.\nThe late successes of France have produced in this country conclusions much too sanguine with regard to the event of the Contest. They no doubt afford a high probability of her being able eventually to defend herself especially under a form of administration of such unexampled vigour as that by which she has of late managed her affairs. But there will be nothing wonderful in a total reverse of fortune during the ensuing campaign. Human nature must be an absolutely different thing in France from what it has hitherto shewn itself to be throughout the globe and in all ages if there do not exist in a large proportion of the French Nation germs of the profoundest discontent ready to burst into vegetation the moment there should appear an efficacious prospect of protection and shade from the progress of the invading armies. And if having possessed themselves of some of the keys of France the principle of the commencing campaign should be different from that of the past\u2014active field operations succeeding to the wasteful and dilatory process of seiges\u2014who can say that Victory may not so far crown the enterprises of the coalesced powers as to open the way to an internal explosion which may prove fatal to the Republic? Tis now evident that another vigorous campaign will be essayed by the Allies. The result is and must be incalculable.\nTo you, Sir, it is unnecessary to urge the extreme precariousness of the events of War. The inference to be drawn is too manifest to escape your penetration. This Country ought not to set itself afloat upon an ocean so fluctuating so dangerous and so uncertain but in a case of absolute necessity.\nThat necessity is certainly not yet apparent. The circumstances which have been noticed with regard to the recent change of conduct on the part of G Britain authorise a strong hope that a negotiation conducted with ability and moderation and supported at home by demonstrations of vigour and seriousness would obviate those causes of collision which are the most urgent\u2014might even terminate others which have so long fostered dissatisfaction and enmity. There is room to suppose that the moment is pecularily favourable to such an attempt. On this point there are symptoms of a common sentiment between the advocates and the opposers of an unembarrassed attempt to negotiate\u2014the former desiring it from the confidence they have in its probable success\u2014the latter from the same cause endeavouring either to prevent its going on under right auspices or to clog it with impediments which will frustrate its effect.\nAll ostensibly agree that one more experiment of negotiation ought to precede actual war; but there is this serious difference in the practice. The sincere friends of peace and accommodation are for leaving things in a state which will enable Great Britain without abandoning self-respect to do us the justice we seek. The others are for placing things upon a footing which would involve the disgrace or disrepute of having receded through intimidation.\nThis last scheme indubitably ends in War. The folly is too great to be seriously entertained by the discerning part of those who affect to believe the position\u2014that Great Britain fortified by the alliances of the greatest part of Europe will submit to our demands urged with the face of coertion and preceded by acts of reprisal. She cannot do it without renouncing her pride and her dignity, without losing her consequence and weight in the scale of Nations\u2014and consequently it is morally certain that she will not do it. A proper estimate of the operation of the human passions must satisfy us that she would be less disposed to receive the law from us than from any other nation\u2014a people recently become a nation, not long since one of her dependencies, and as yet, if a Hercules\u2014a Hercules in the cradle.\nWhen one nation inflicts injuries upon another, which are causes of war, if this other means to negotiate before it goes to War, the usual and received course is to prepare for War and proceed to negotiation\u2014avoiding reprisals till the issue of the Negotiation. This course is recommended by all enlightened Writers on the laws of Nations as the course of moderation propriety and wisdom and it is that commonly pursued except where there is a disposition to go to war or a commanding superiority of Power.\nPreparation for War in such cases contains in it nothing offensive. It is a mere precaution for self defence under circumstances which endanger the breaking out of War. It gives rise to no point of honor which can be a bar to equitable and amicable negotiation. But acts of reprisal speak a contrary effect\u2014they change negotiation into peremptory demand and they brandish a rod over the party on whom the demand is made. He must be humble indeed, if he comply with the demand to avoid the stripe.\nSuch are the propositions which have lately appeared in the House of Representatives for the sequestration or arrestation of British Debts\u2014for the cutting off of all intercourse with Great Britain till she shall do certain specific things. If such propositions pass they can only be regarded as provocatives to a Declaration of War by Great Britain.\nThe sequestration of Debts is treated by all writers as one of the highest species of Reprisal. It is moreover contrary to the most approved practice of the present century, to what may be safely pronounced to be the modern rule of the law of Nations\u2014to what is so plainly dictated by original principles of Justice and good faith that nothing but the barbarism of times in which war was the principal business of man could ever have tolerated an opposite practice\u2014to the manifest interest of a people situated like that of the UState; which having a vast fund of materials for improvement in various ways ought to invite into the channels of their industry the Capital of Europe, by giving to it inviolable security\u2014which, giving little facility to extensive revenue from taxation, ought for its own safety in war to cherish its credit by a religious observance of the maxims of credit in all their branches.\nThe proposition for cutting off all intercourse with G Britain has not yet sufficiently devellopped itself to enable us to pronounce what it truly is. It may be so extensive in its provisions as even to include in fact though not in form sequestration by rendering remittances penal or impracticable. Indeed it can scarcely avoid so far interfering with the payment of debts already contracted as in a great degree to amount to a virtual sequestration. But however this may be\u2014being adopted for the express purpose of retaliating or punishing injuries to continue until those injuries are redressed it is in the spirit of a reprisal\u2014Its principle is avowedly coertion\u2014a principle directly opposite to that of negotiation, which supposes an appeal to the reason and justice of the party. Caustic and stimulant in the highest degree, it cannot fail to have a correspondent effect upon the minds of those against whom it is directed. It cannot fail to be viewed as originating in motives of the most hostile and overbearing kind\u2014to stir up all the feelings of pride and resentment in the nation as well as in the cabinet\u2014and consequently to render negotiation abortive.\nIt will be wonderful if the immediate effect of either of these measures be not either War or the seizure of our vessels wherever they are found, on the ground of keeping them as hostages for the debts due to the British Merchants and on the additional ground of the measures themselves being either acts of hostility or evidence of a disposition to hostility.\nThe interpretation will naturally be that our views originally pacific have changed with the change in the affairs of France, and are now bent towards War.\nThe measures in question, besides the objection to them resulting from their tendency to produce war, are condemned by a comprehensive and enlightened view of their operation in other respects.\nThey cannot but have a malignant influence upon our public and mercantile credit. They will be regarded abroad as violent and precipitate. It will be said there is no reliance to be placed on the steadiness or solidity of concerns with this people. Every gust that arises in the political sky is the signal for measures tending to destroy their ability to pay or to obstruct the course of payment. Instead of a people pacific, forbearing moderate and of rigid probity we see in them a people turbulent hasty intemperate and loose\u2014sporting with their individual obligations and disturbing the general course of their affairs with levity and inconsiderateness.\nSuch will indubitably be the comments upon our conduct. The favourable impressions now entertained of the character of our government and Nation will infallibly be reversed.\nThe cutting off of intercourse with Great Britain to distress her seriously must extend to the prohibition of all her commodities indirectly as well as directly. Else it will have no other operation than to transfer the Trade between the two countries to the hands of foreigners to our disadvantage more than to that of Great Britain.\nIf it extends to the total prohibition of her commodities, however brought, it deprives us of a supply, for which no substitute can be found elsewhere, a supply necessary to us in peace and more necessary to us if we are to go to War. It gives a sudden and violent blow to our revenue which cannot easily if at all be repaired from other resources. It will give so great an interruption to commerce as may very possibly interfere with the payment of the duties which have heretofore accrued and bring the Treasury to an absolute stoppage of payment\u2014an event which would cut up credit by the roots.\nThe consequences of so great and so sudden a disturbance of our Trade which must affect our exports as well as our Imports are not to be calculated. An excessive rise in the price of foreign commodities\u2014a proportional decrease of price and demand for our own commodities\u2014the derangement of our revenue and credit\u2014these circumstances united may occasion the most dangerous dissatisfactions & disorders in the community and may drive the governt. to a disgraceful retreat\u2014independent of foreign causes.\nTo adopt the measure in terrorem and postpone its operation will be scarcely a mitigation of the Evil. The expectation of it will as to our imports have the effect of the reality; since we must obtain what we want chiefly upon credit. Our supply and our revenue therefore will suffer nearly as much as if there was an immediate interruption.\nThe effect, with regard to our peace will be the same. The principle being menace and coertion will equally recommend resistance to the policy as well as the pride of the other party. Tis only to consult our own hearts to be convinced that nations like individuals revolt at the idea of being guided by external compulsion. They will at least only yield to that idea after resistance has been fruitlessly tried in all its forms.\nTis as great an error for a nation to overrate as to underrate itself. Presumption is as great a fault as timidity. Tis our error to overrate ourselves and to underrate Great Britain. We forget how little we can annoy how much we may be annoyed.\nTis enough for us, situated as we are, to be resolved to vindicate our honor and our rights in the last extremity. To precipitate a great conflict of any sort is utterly unsuited to our condition to our strength or to our resources. This is a truth to be well weighed by every wise and dispassionate man as the rule of public action.\nThere are two ideas of immense consequence to us in the event of War. The disunion of our enemies\u2014the perfect union of our own citizens. Justice and moderation united with firmness are the means to secure both these advantages. Injustice or Intemperance will lose both.\nUnanimity among ourselves, which is the most important of the two ideas, can only be secured by its being manifest, if war ensues, that it was inevitable by another course of conduct. This cannot and will not be the case, if measures so intemperate as those which are meditated take place. The inference will be that the war was brought on by the design of some and the rashness of others. This inference will be universal in the Northern States, and to you Sir I need not urge the importance of those states in war.\nWant of unanimity will naturally tend to render the operations of War feeble and heavy\u2014to destroy both effort and perseverance. War undertaken under such auspices can scarcely end in any thing better than an inglorious and disadvantageous peace. What worse it may produce is beyond the reach of human foresight.\nThe foregoing observations are designed to convey to the mind of the President information of the true state of things at the present juncture and to present to his consideration the general reasons which have occurred to me against the course of proceeding which appears to be favoured by a majority of the House of Representatives.\nMy solicitude for the public interest, according to the view I have of it, and my real respect and regard for him to whom I address myself lead me to subjoin some reflections of a more delicate nature.\nThe crisis is such a one as involves the highest responsibility on the part of every one who may have to act a part in it. It is one in which every man will be understood to be bound to act according to his judgment without concession to the ideas of others. The President, who has by the constitution a right to object to laws, which he deems contrary to the public interest, will be considered as under an indispensable obligation to exercise that right against any measure, relating to so vast a point as that of the peace of the Country, which shall not accord with his opinion. The consideration of its having been adopted by both Houses of Congress and of respect for their opinion will have no weight in such a case as a reason for forbearing to exercise the right of objection. The consequence is that the not objecting will be deemed conclusive evidence of approbation and will implicate the President in all the consequences of the measure.\nIn such a position of things it is therefore of the utmost importance to him as well as to the community that he should trace out in his own mind such a plan as he thinks it would be eligible to pursue and should endeavour by proper and constitutional means to give the deliberations of Congress a direction towards that plan.\nElse he runs the risk of being reduced to the dilemma either of assenting to measures, which he may not approve, with a full responsi[bi]lity for consequences\u2014or of objecting to measures which have already received the sanction of the two houses of Congress with the responsi[bi]lity of having resisted and probably prevented what they meditated. Neither of these alternatives is a desireable one.\nIt seems adviseable, then, that The President should come to a conclusion, whether the plan ought to be preparation for war and negotiation unincumbered by measures which forbid the expectation of success\u2014or immediate measures of a coercive tendency to be accompanied with the ceremony of a demand of redress. For I believe there is no middle plan between those two courses.\nIf the former appears to him to be the true policy of the Country, I submit it as my conviction that it is urgent for him to demonstrate that opinion as a preventive of wrong measures and future embarrassment.\nThe mode of doing it which occurs is this\u2014to nominate a person, who will have the confidence of those who think peace still within our reach, and who may be thought qualified for the mission as envoy extraordinary to Great Britain\u2014to announce this to the one as well as the other House of Congress with an observation that it is done with an intention to make a solemn appeal to the justice and good sense of the British Government to avoid if possible an ulterior rupture and adjust the causes of misunderstanding between the two Countries\u2014and with an earnest recommendation that vigorous and effectual measures may be adopted to be prepared for war should it become inevitable\u2014abstaining for the present from measures which may be contrary to the spirit of an attempt to adjust existing differences by Negotiation.\nKnowing as I do Sir that I am among the persons who have been in your contemplation to be employed in the capacity I have mentioned, I should not have taken the present step, had I not been resolved at the same time to advise you with decision to drop me from the consideration and to fix upon another character. I am not unapprised of what has been the byass of your opinion on the subject. I am well aware of all the collateral obstacles which exist and I assure you in the utmost sincerity that I shall be completely and intirely satisfied with the election of another.\nI beg leave to add that of the persons whom you would deem free from any constitutional objections\u2014Mr. Jay is the only man in whose qualifications for success there would be thorough confidence and him whom alone it would be adviseable to send. I think the business would have the best chance possible in his hands. And I flatter myself that his mission would issue in a manner that would produce the most important good to the Nation.\nLet me add Sir that those whom I call the soberminded men of the Country look up to You with solicitude upon the present occasion. If happily you should be the instrument of still rescuing the Country from the dangers and calamities of War, there is no part of your life, Sir, which will produce to you more real satisfaction or true Glory than that which shall be distinguished by this very important service.\nIn any event I cannot doubt Sir that you will do justice to the motives which impel me and that you will see in this proceeding another proof of my sincere wishes for your honor & happiness and anxiety for the public weal.\nWith the truest respect and attachment \u2003 I have the Honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most obedient & humble servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nThe President of The U States", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0211", "content": "Title: Conversation with George Hammond, [15\u201316 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Hammond, George\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, April 15\u201316, 1794]\nThe project of appointing a special commissioner to Great Britain having been \u2026 for some time in contemplation, I have necessarily been solicitous to obtain some precise knowledge of the objects of the negociation which will be committed to him. I therefore took occasion from the receipt of your Lordship\u2019s last dispatches and in the course of one or two days afterwards to have some conversation with Mr. Hamilton on the subject of them, and I flattered myself that from communicating to him confidentially and informally the very conciliatory explanations, with which your Lordship furnished me, of the instructions of the 6th of November and of the modifications of them on the 8th of January, I might derive the right of requiring an equal confidential communication on his part with relation to the special commission in question. I was however much surprized at perceiving that he did not receive those explanations with the cordiality I expected, but entered into a pretty copious recital of the injuries which the commerce of this country had suffered from British cruizers, and into a defense of the consequent claim which the American citizens had on their government to vindicate their rights. At the same time he added that it was the wish of the government to avoid proceeding to extremities and previously to attempt any mode of amicable negociation: that for this purpose a person would be sent to the West Indies with a view of instituting appeals in every case of prize which would admit of them, and that, for those cases wherein either from a defect of the law or from any other obstacle of a like nature, (such as the necessity of commencing appeals within a limited time) that process could not be followed, this government would expect from his Majesty\u2019s government an ample compensation for any loss that American citizens might have sustained from the interpretation put on the instruction of the 6th of November by the Judges of the Courts of Admiralty in the West Indies. And that for the accomplishment of this last mentioned object, either himself, Mr. King, or Mr. Jay would be deputed to Great Britain. This language appearing to me so closely to resemble a doctrine professed in the house of representatives, I was determined to obtain a satisfactory explanation of the view of this administration on this essential point: I therefore desired him to inform me expressly, whether I was to understand from what he had advanced, that as an indispensable condition of an amicable arrangement the Gentleman who might be employed in this negotiation would be instructed to require from his Majesty\u2019s government a compensation for all vessels which might have been captured in the British West Indies, and for the recovery of which appeals could not or might not be instituted. To this he replied that the Gentleman who would be dispatched to the West Indies, would be directed to abandon all cases of prize in which the property of the cargo should be satisfactorily proved to be French: but that in the cases in which the proof should not have been conclusive, or for which appeals could not be instituted, this government would expect from Great Britain an indemnification for any loss resulting from the two causes last assigned as an indispensable basis of friendly adjustment. In answer to this explanation, I observed\u2014that from my own personal knowledge I was convinced that artifices to cover property really French under the denomination of American had been practised to such an extent and under such disguises that I did not esteem the deficiency of strictly legal proofs in some instances to be presumptive of general inculpability in others, and that therefore it would require a very nice criterion to ascertain with accuracy the distinction\u2014that the instructions of the 6th of November were definite in their import, were merely declaratory of the system which Great Britain had pursued in former wars in relation to a traffic carried on by neutral nations with her enemy in time of war, or which was not tolerated in peace, and that therefore it was little probable that any prizes could have been condemned under those instructions which would not have been condemned under the former system\u2014that no government could presuppose either ignorance or corruption in any judges employed within its dominions, but that if accusations of this nature could be proved against any of the Judges of the Court of Admiralty in the West Indies, I doubted not that they would be immediately punished\u2014that in every possible case his Majesty\u2019s government would I was certain not throw any impediments in the way of appeals which might be prosecuted\u2014but that in no case could the British Government require from the nation a pecuniary compensation to be granted for injuries sustained by the citizens of a neutral power, (if any such had been really sustained) which that government could not contemplate and which it had certainly not authorized\u2014that in every war powers that are neutral must expect to suffer some inconveniences; but that if ever those inconveniences should not be too nicely scrutinized, they certainly should not be so in a war like the present, in which (as he had often agreed with me) all the dearest interests of society were involved, and which was a contest between government and disorder, virtue and vice, and religion and impiety\u2014and that in the prosecution of this most just of wars the government and people of Great Britain, united as they were in a common interest beyond the precedent perhaps of any former period (as indeed the war itself was without example) could not be intimidated by any menaces from the exercises of any just principles of carrying it on, which they had found it necessary to establish, and, though they would certainly not violate the rights of neutral powers, they could as certainly not suffer those powers to derive from the existence of the war and from the distress of our enemy a commerce which, however, advantageous it might be to them, would be perhaps more beneficial to our enemy. Here Mr. Hamilton interrupted me with some degree of heat and remarked that however the government and people of Great Britain might be united against France, he doubted not that when the wrongs which the American Commerce had suffered were known in Great Britain, a very powerful party might be raised in that nation in favor of this country. In answer to this insinuation, I contented myself with expressing my astonishment at his indulging a belief, which however it had been entertained by the demagogues of the house of representatives, and by the uninformed mass of the American Community, I should never have ascribed to him, and thus I dropped the conversation, which thence took another turn, and we parted amicably. But as I was apprehensive of forming an erroneous opinion on the main point on which Mr. Jay\u2019s negociations seem likely to turn, I yesterday in an accidental conversation with Mr. Hamilton renewed the inquiry, whether I had understood him rightly with respect to the demand, of an indemnification for all American vessels that had been captured by British cruizers and for which appeals could not be prosecuted, being a condition indispensable to an amicable adjustment of this difference. To this he answered in the affirmative, but added that Mr. Jay\u2019s instructions upon this point as well as on the others which have been so long in discussion between the two countries and which he will be directed to endeavor likewise to arrange, will be couched in the most conciliatory language, and will evince the most sincere desire on the part of this government to settle all the grounds of dispute subsisting between the two countries on an amicable and permanent principle.\nThough this conversation may be partly considered as confidential, and though I cannot pretend to accuracy in regard to particular expressions, I have esteemed it my duty to be thus circumstantial in detailing it, since your Lordship will thence be enabled to form an opinion of the nature of the negociation in which Mr. Jay will be engaged, and to appreciate the extent of the prevailing popular ferment by the operation of which the apprehensions or feelings of Mr. Hamilton, who has hitherto been uniformly the most moderate of the American Ministers, have been so much excited, as they appear to have been in the conversations I have related.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0212", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Daves, 15 April 1794\nFrom: Daves, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew Bern [North Carolina] April 15, 1794. \u201cI have seized a Schooner Called the Fox of Washington \u2026 she having made a voyage to the West Indies without giving up her Coasting license.\u2026 The Attorney has libelled her and is to be tried next Court.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0214", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Howell, Junior, 15 April 1794\nFrom: Howell, Joseph, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar Department, Accountant\u2019s Office, April 15, 1794. \u201cNothing having been done to relieve me in the settlement of the retained rations of the Officers of the Army, and claims occuring in the present year I am obliged to request that you would be pleased to furnish me with the value of a complete ration at the several places of contract in this year.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0215", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edward I. Peyton, 15 April 1794\nFrom: Peyton, Edward I.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, April 15, 1794. \u201cPermit me to supplicate your attention and interference in a Case wherein your Petitioner has infring\u2019d a law of the Revenue not from intention, but arising from \u27e8a\u27e9 total ignorance of such a law existing. Your Petitioner some time since purchas\u2019d four Hhds of Jamaica spirits mark\u2019d 4th. proof, and from motives of facilating its sale reduced three of the said Hhds as near as he cou\u2019d conceive to the standard of 2nd: proof.\u2026 Your Petitioner therefore presumes as fraud was neither intended nor committed he is entitled to a restoration of his property.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0216", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Reed and Forde, 15 April 1794\nFrom: Reed and Forde\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] April 15, 1794. \u201cWe have a Vessell bound from New Orleans to London that has Orders to touch at New York for advice and probably to have some Specie and Letters for American Citizens, we wish to know whether this Vessel\u2019s touching at New York without entering will subject her to detention under the Embargo, the Vessell has no provisions, Naval or military Stores on board.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0217", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 16 April 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, April 16, 1794. \u201c\u2026 Who are the persons in the several states who have been authorized by you to direct or superintend the business of Military contracts, purchases &ca. and who are the persons in the same to whom Agencies similar to that of Mr. Francis have been heretofore committed?\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0218-0001", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Nathaniel C. Higginson, [16 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Higginson, Nathaniel C.\n[Philadelphia, April 16, 1794]\nSir\nThe instructions for regulating your conduct in the Agency to which you are appointed will come to you from the Secretary of State. It is only for me to take with you the requisite pecuniary arrangements. Your compensation as agreed with the Secretary of State for the entire service you are to perform, which you are at liberty to comprise within the term of four Months from the time of your Departure to that of your return is already settled at Two thousand Dollars. For your personal expences, you will be allowed in addition the sum of thirty Dollars per Week, which is in lieu of every thing except those expences that regard the business of your mission. Of these last you will keep an exact account which on your return you will produce with its vouchers for settlement at the Treasury.\nYou have herewith a Warrant for Five thousand Dollars on account of your compensation and personal expences and the expences of your Agency for which you will be charged and held accountable. If necessary you may draw upon Samuel Meredith Treasurer of the UStates for a further sum not exceeding five thousand Dollars.\nYou have also herewith an Instrument under my hand & the seal of the Treasury empowering you to engage the Guarantee of the Treasury of the UStates for indemnifying any persons whom you may find it necessary to procure as sureties in appeal against costs & damages. You understand, that this is not to extend to suretyship for restitution of vessels & Cargoes, but merely to the costs & damages of the proceedings in appeal. You will also perceive that it is desireable to commit the UStates as little extensively as possible in this particular; and therefore that it ought to be endeavoured to bring parties interested as much as possible into action on their own accounts.\nThe vessel in which you go may if you deem it adviseable be retained by you during your continuance on the mission. But if you find that ready opportunities from Island to Island can be had & that a saving can be made by sending back the Vessel & that the public service can as effectually be done, without her detention, you will send her back as soon as that shall sufficiently appear to you to be the case. She is hired at the rate of four hundred Dollars \u214c Month in lieu of every thing.\nI am with great consideration \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your obedient servant\nT.D. April 16th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0218-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Commission to Nathaniel C. Higginson, 16 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Higginson, Nathaniel C.\nThe President of the UStates having been pleased to appoint you Agent to proceed to the British West India Islands and there transact certain affairs relatively to Ships or Vessels of the UStates which since the commencement of the Present War between G B & France have been or may be seized by British Cruisers and sent into the Ports of those Islands or any of them\u2014and having among other things authorised You to cause to be instituted in the Courts of the said Islands appeals from the sentences of such Courts respectively to the proper Court or Courts of G Britain in the cases in which the said Ships or Vessels or any of them or the Cargoes of any of them shall have been condemned and shall appear to you to have been condemned contrary to the laws of Nations with regard to Neutrals\u2014in the execution of which trust it may be necessary for you to procure sureties for the prosecution of such appeals to effect and for paying the costs and damages if any which may attend the proceedings therein and thereupon and in order thereto it may be requisite for you to pledge or engage the Guarantee of the UStates to such persons as may be willing to become sureties for such Costs & Damages\u2014in order to their indemnification therein.\nNow therefore I do hereby authorise and empower you on behalf of the Treasury of the UStates to enter into such engagements with any person or persons who at your request may consent to become sureties in or upon any such appeal which you may cause to be instituted as shall be needful & proper to indemnify such person or persons against any costs or damages which they respectively may be put to or incur by reason of their being sureties as aforesaid. And I do hereby promise and engage in my capacity of Secretary of the Treasury that the United States shall & will indemnify all such persons accordingly.\nGiven under my hand& the seal of the Treasurythe 16th day of Aprilin the year 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0219", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, [16 April 1794]\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, April 16, 1794]\nE. Randolph, with compliments to Coll. Hamilton, incloses to him a letter from Mr. Hammond requesting the passport. E. R. has written to him, that by applying to Col. H. the passport will be obtained.\nApril 16th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0220", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Rawle, [16 April 1794]\nFrom: Rawle, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, April 16, 1794]\nSir.\nI have the honor to inclose a Letter from the Attorney General received from him this day with a request to transmit it to you. The same cover contains my opinion on the same subject.\nThinking somewhat differently from the Attorney General as to the nature of the debt, but fully coinciding with him as to the nullity of the process I have not, in my opinion, stated the reasons in which it is founded.\nI am \u2003 with the greatest respect \u2003 Sir \u2003 your most obedt. humble Servant\nW Rawle.\nApril 16th. 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0223", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, [17 April 1794]\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, April 17, 1794]\nThe Secretary of State has the honor of informing the Secretary of the Treasury, that the President of the United States grants a passport to the Spanish Vessel, to which the inclosed papers relate, she being Parlamentario; and that the Spanish Commissioners are informed, that upon application to the Secretary of the Treasury, they will receive the Passport.\nApril 17th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0224", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [17 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, April 17, 1794]\nThe Secy. of the Treasury presents his respects to the President of the U.S. & encloses herewith a draft of a passport, requested by mr Hammond for a vessel intended by him to be dispatched to Halifax, and which the Secretary understood from the Secy. of State was to be granted by the President.\nTreasy. Dept. April 17, 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0226", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Collectors of the Customs, 18 April 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Collectors of the Customs\nTreasury Department April 18, 1794.\nSir,\nYou will herewith receive for your Government a resolve of Congress of the second instant, relatively to the embargo.\nAnother resolution has just passed for continuing the embargo to the 25th. day of May next, which is herewith transmitted.\nWith great consideration \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obedient Servant\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0228", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, April 19, 1794. \u201cAfter a careful enquiry into the circumstances of Major Moses Mc.Farlands commutation business I am of opinion that he was misled and sacrificed by another in that affair.\u2026 It may be well to remind you that Mr. Mc.Farland was deprived of the use of his Arm in the Revolution war, and has been thereby prevented from returning to his occupation, its having been a handy craft employment.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0229", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\nTreasury Department, April 19, 1794. \u201cI transmit you a letter from Governor Mifflin to The President of yesterday\u2019s date with the extracts mentioned in it. After due examination & reflection you will make me a full & particular report on the subject.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0230", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Bartholomew Dandridge, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] April 19, 1794. \u201cThe President directs me to send the letters herewith enclosed, from Governor Mifflin and John Wanton \u2026 and desires, if any measures are necessary to be taken relative to them, that you will report the same to him.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0231", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Stephen Moylan, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Moylan, Stephen\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] April 19, 1794. \u201cThe administrator to the Estate of my Predecessor in Office placed 600 dollars in my hands, to pay Clerks & Stationary, I paid them 500 Dollars & the Stationers Account up to 31st December 1793 their present demand is for the quarter ending 31st March 1794 which was the time two of them were, by me Discharged, the whole due to that time is 500 Dollars.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0232", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] April 19, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of State has the honor of informing the Secretary of the Treasury that the inclosed applications for passports relate to cases which have been considered by the President, Colo. H. and E. R. as proper, and are sent for the purpose of obtaining them.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0234", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Departmt. April 19, 1794.\nSir,\nI have received a letter of this date from Mr. Dandridge transmitting me two letters to you, one from Governor Mifflin, the other from John Wanton, and desiring that if any measures should be necessary to be taken relative to them, they should be reported to you.\nWith regard to the communication from Govr. Mifflin, the subject of it will be put in a train of examination and the result will be communicated.\nWith regard to that from Mr. Wanton I had received from Mr. Thornton the british Vice Consul the enclosed state of the case of the schooner Bayonne or Boyne\u2014which as you will perceive has been submitted to the Attorney General for his opinion; which is, that the schooner Boyne under the circumstances stated in that paper \u201cis not within the meaning of the resolves of the Legislature laying an Embargo and that she ought to be permitted to proceed on her voyage to New York.\u201d\nIt was my intention to have sent this morning to the Secretary of war in order that what was proper further to be done might be determined and correspondent instructions given to the military Officer and to the Collector.\n[I] believe the opinion of the Attorney General is right, though it puts the effect of the Embargo in some jeopardy as to vessels arriving from abroad.\nPerhaps the most adviseable course is to permit the present vessel concerning which there has been some irregularity to proceed to the port of her destination without any condition and to consider & establish some rule of proceeding with proper guards for future cases.\nI retain a copy of mr Wanton\u2019s letter to be sent to the Collector of New Port as it contains an impeachment of his conduct that calls for inquiry.\nWith the highest respect, \u2003 I have the honor to be &c.\nAlexander Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0235", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nT DC.O:19th April 1794.\nSir,\nA question has occurred upon the following state of facts upon which I take the liberty to request that a legal opinion may be obtained from the Attorney General of the United States.\nBy the Act entitled \u201can Act providing for the settlement of the claims of Persons under particular circumstances barred by the limitations heretofore established,\u201d passed in the 27th. of March 1792, a period of two years was allowed for the presentation at the Treasury of claims for personal services in the late Army or Navy of the United States.\nBy the Act entitled \u201can Act making alterations in the Treasury & War Departments,\u201d passed on the 8th of May 1792, the office of Accountant to the War Department was established, which Officer was charged, under the inspection & revision of the Treasury, with the statement of the claims for personal services in the late Army which had been revived by the Act of March 27th. 1792.\nBy the Act intitled \u201can Act relative to claims against the United States, not barred by any Act of limitation, & which have not been already adjusted,\u201d passed on the 12th. of Feby 1793 certain claims are directed to be presented to the Auditor of the Treasury before the 1st. of May 1794, on condition of being thereafter precluded from settlement or Allowance.\nThe question proposed for the consideration of the Attorney General is, whether under the Act last mentioned, unliquidated claims for personal services in the late Army or Navy, may be recd. & adjusted, if presented before the 1st. day of May 1794?\nThe Honble. A H.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0236", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Bartholomew Dandridge, 21 April 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] April 21, 1794. \u201c\u2026 The President desires measures may be pursued in the case of the schooner Boyne as advised in the Secretary\u2019s letter to the President of the 19 instant, relative to that subject.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0239", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 21 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar Department April 21. 1794\nSir\nI have the honor to transmit you an estimate of the quantity and quality of Timber, Plank, Scantling and Copper &c. which will be required for each of the four largest frigates contemplated by the Act entitled \u201cAn Act to provide a naval armament\u201d nearly the same quantity will also be wanted for each of the thirty six gunships mentioned in the said Act.\nIt has been decided by the President of the United States that the said frigates be built in the following ports, to wit\nBoston\none\ngun Ship\nNew York\ndo\nPhiladelphia\ndo\nBaltimore\none\nof\nguns\nPortsmouth Virginia\none\nof\ndo\nCharleston So. Carolina\none\nof\ndo\nIt appears to be of indispensible necessity that immediate arrangements should be made to obtain the articles contained in the estimate and to have them transported to the ports before mentioned\u2014 excepting such articles of the timber as may be obtained at, or in the neighbourhood of, the said places.\nThe live oak and red cedar must principally be obtained from the islands on the coast of Georgia. Some parts however may be obtained in North Carolina, although it is alledged that the farther South the live oak the better.\nDifferent opinions are entertained as to the most certain, and the most oeconomical mode of obtaining the live oak and cedar from Georgia, and transporting the same to the ports where the ships are to be built.\nSome persons recommend that one or more persons in whom due confidence may be placed, should repair to the Islands of Georgia, and contract with the proprietors of the timber as it stands for such parts as will serve the moulds, and that a sufficient number of axemen with their provision be sent from the northward, in order to cut the same, and transport it to the places where it is to be used. These persons assert that any contract made in Georgia or other parts to the Southward, will be executed by negroes, whose indolence and carelessness will inevitably produce disappointment or loss.\nThe moulds for the timbers of both sized ships are preparing and nearly finished. These must be transported to the places where the timber is to be cut, otherwise mistakes would arise and disappointment of course ensue.\nBesides the mode before mentioned, there are persons who recommend a contract with some persons, if such could be found, which is said to be the case to procure the timber in Georgia, and transport it to the respective ports or places.\nYou will please to judge which of these two modes will be preferable. I have understood that in 1776 or 1777 the frames of two 74 gun Ships were cut under the authority of the United States, part at Sunbury and part at a place called Kilkenny near the mouth of Savannah River, and that as the said timber was very large part of it yet remains. It may therefore be proper to look it up, and if it should answer for the frames of the proposed frigates as probable it would be excellent from its long seasoning.\nI have the honor to submit to you a letter from Mr Wereat of Georgia upon this subject, the purport of which is confirmed by Brigadier General Gunn of the same state.\nThe manner in which these vessels ought to be built has been under consideration, that is whether the hull and other parts susceptible of the measure should be built by a contract, or by a capable agent or agents appointed for the purpose of procuring the labor and materials. Upon enquiry however it appears improbable that a contract could be formed with the Shipbuilders in this place for the one directed to be built here. They alledge that if a contract was offered and accepted by two or more it would excite the ill will and envy of those who had no part in it, and as the frigate would require many hands the price of that sort of labor would rise, and that therefore it would be in the power of those not employed to raise the wages of the Journeymen a shilling or two per day, which would occasion great embarrassment, if not ruin, to the undertakers. Hence it would appear to follow as a consequence that if the Shipbuilders of Philadelphia, some of whom have considerable capitals, would decline a contract, that it would be almost or quite impracticable to obtain the building by contract elsewhere. If this should be so, then Agents respectable for their intelligence, activity, and integrity must be sought in the places in which the said frigates are directed to be built.\nThe President of the United States has approved of the said vessels being built under the directions of some agent or agents which I presume it will be in your department to nominate to him.\nI suppose however if you should find it practicable to build them by contract, that the subject will still be reconsidered by him, and as for myself I should find great satisfaction in a contract, if one, upon solid principles, could be obtained.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0241", "content": "Title: Cabinet Meeting. Opinion on the Application of Money Given by Law to the Indigent of Santo Domingo, [22 April 1794]\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund,Knox, Henry,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, April 22, 1794]\nWe do ourselves the honor of advising the President of the U. S. to apply the remainder of the money, given by law to the indigent of St. Domingo, resident here, to the furnishing of them with the means of going thither, it being known, that several vessels are now bound thither from different parts of the U. S. with passports for the purpose of conveying them.\nEdm: Randolph.\nH Knox\nAlexander Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0242", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 22 April 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nColles Office Port of Newport [Rhode Island]Apl. 22nd 1794\nSir,\nYesterday at noon I received by Express via Providence the Resolution of Congress of the 18 of this month continuing the present Embargo until the 25th. day of May next, and also the Resolution relative to the Embargo of the second of this month.\nOn Tuesday last towards evening the Ship Britannia of London Edward Redman master arrived here under convoy the Bomb Ketch Vesuvius mounted with 12 cannon and commanded by Thomas Rogers, and the Ketch departed the next morning before sun rising.\nThe Britannia appears to be a transport Ship in the British Service, which Admiral John Jarvis had employed to bring Genl. Rochambeau and his suite from Martinico to this place. Capt. Redman showed me a letter addressed to him by the Admiral, on the outside was written Secret, and not to be opened until you arrive at latitude 23:30. It contained directions to the Capt. to proceed with General Rochambeau and his Suite, to Newport Rhode Island, and upon landing them and their baggage to proceed immediately to Spithead, and report to the Commissioner\u2019s of the Navy. Both on the outside and at the foot the Letter was Addressed to Edward Redman master of the Transport Ship Britannia, but to the Address at the foot was added Cartel. I write respecting the letter from Recollection but I believe it is substantially right. She has six cannon mounted on her Quarter Deck, is navigated with fifteen men and three boys, and by her Register which is in my Office, and which I shall hold untill I shall receive your opinion on this case, She is 296 tons. The Vice Consul came with the Captain to the Custom-House the day after she arrived with a View to know whether I considered the Ship as within the Embargo or not.\nI was possessed of a Newport paper in which the Resolution of April was published but not by authority but which however appeared to me to be genuine. I asked the Captain whether he had any commission, or letters of marque\u2014He replied that he had none, but the Letter of Admiral Jarvis. I then asked him for what reason his Ship was mounted with Cannon? He said that She sailed from Britain under Contract as a Transport, with the fleet under the said Admiral, and that she was mounted with a few cannon on Account of Insurance. He then mentioned that he had sprung his Mizen, and asked me whether he might supply its place with a new One. I told him that he might. The Vice Consul pressed me very hard for my opinion whether She should depart or not, saying that She was in the service of Great Britain, was a Cartel Ship, and that if any thing further was required to constitute her a Ship with a public Commission She had what he considered as a public Commission the Letter referred to from Admiral Jarvis. I told him that there was no occasion to be in a hurry, that it would take some [time to] refit the Vessel. He said that he would write to Mr. Hammond and to our Governour and was answered that he would do as he thought proper, and that I should do what appeared to be my duty. He has written a Letter to the Governor, and I believe one to the British Minister. The Governors Letter to me which I this moment recd. and of which the inclosed is a copy will show his sentiments and apprehensions on this occasion. Genl. Martin being absent I immediately requested Walter Channing Esqr the Commd in Chief for the time being of the Artillery Compy. of the Town of Newport to lend his Assistance to prevent the departure of the Britannia from this Port, and he instantly complied by sending a detachment on board. The vessel is not in my opinion an armed vessel with a public commission in the sense of the Resolution of the 2nd. April; but what privilege she may be intitled to in consequence of her being a transport and a species of Cartel Ship I submit to your better judgment, and desire your opinion on this case. Be pleased also to inform me in what light armed public Packets are to be considered. I could have made this letter less tedious; but I wished to give you every information respecting the Britannia in my power. If She is not exempted from the Embargo I presume She is subject to the same Regulations as merchant Vessel.\nI am with great Consideration \u2003 Sir yr. most obedt. servt.\nWm Ellery Colle\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqe.Secry. Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0243", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 22 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n    Treasury DepartmentApril 22. 1794\n    Sir\n  The Schooner Boyne whereof Thomas Grune is Master ought to have been permitted to proceed to her Port of Destination, New York. An instruction to the Military officer to release her in order that she may proceed will go by this Post from the War Department. Should any accident delay it You will communicate this letter to him as evidence of the President\u2019s intention in order that no further detention may ensue.\n  With consideration \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obedient servant\n  Alex Hamilton\n  William Ellery Esquire", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0244", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Seton, 22 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Seton, William\nTreasury Department April 22d. 1794\nDr Sir\nA Vessell is wanted to convey Mr Jay to Great Britain. It is a question whether on acct of our Situation with the Algerines it may not be adviseable to procure a foreign Vessell. Particular reasons induce me to trouble you on this subject and to ask you to have a careful inquiry made what Vessells there are in the Port of New York of any Nation and which are at liberty to be obtainable for such a purpose and to communicate to me as soon as may be the result of your Inquiry. Be so good also as to see Mr Jay and give him the information likewise.\nWith great esteem \u2003 I remain Dear Sir\nA H\nW SetonNew York", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0245", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [22 April 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, April 22, 1794]\nSir,\nUpon examining my letter to you of the 27. June \u201993, and my two powers of the 8th of August 1793, the one for making a loan of one million of florins, and the other for making a loan of 1,515,98 dols. & 11 Cents, I wish to have some explanation upon the subject of your letter of yesterday\u2019s date. The questions which arise are these: whether the million of Florins, to be borrowed for the instalment, payable to Holland in June next, be not already appropriated for that purpose; and whether the appropriation now proposed of the three millions of florins will not in some measure be contrary to the appropriation contained in my power of the 8th of August 1793. For it appears to me, that I have directed the money to be borrowed under that power, to be applied to the purchases of the public Debt.\nPhilada. the 22 day of April 1794\nGeo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0246", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Samuel Bayard, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Bayard, Samuel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNewyork. 23. April 1794.\nDear Sir\nAs you had the goodness to mention me favourably to Mr Jay, as a Secretary in the mission, at present contemplated to the Court of St. James\u2019s, I am induc\u2019d to solicit the completion of what you have commenc\u2019d. After what pass\u2019d between you & myself & after the nominations of Mr J. I had an opportunity of fully conversing with him on the subject you had introduc\u2019d to his attention. He said \u201che confess\u2019d the matter had struck him agreeably, but that nothing could at present be said positively\u2014that we must first see the appointment made, & ascertain the provision for such an object, which the President might allow.\u201d Other things passed, from all which there seem\u2019d to be no doubt but Mr J then proposed me as the companion of his voyage. The delay however of the appointment, afforded him an opportunity of revolving the matter more, & of looking round for the most suitable character\u2014for the one who could best advance the public interest in the important business which calls him to G. Britain. Such a character he apprehended, could be found in that of Mr John Trumbull of Connecticut. His brother the late Speaker of the H. of R. of the US. was consulted & requested to write to Mr T. on the subject. I was charged with the conveyance of the letter & had the pleasure of finding him at this place on his way to Philada. for the purpose of requesting a passage in the vessell that conveys Mr Jay to Europe. He says his business abroad is in a very critical situation & requires his immediate attention. Mr J\u2019s preference of him, as explain\u2019d to me arose simply from Mr Trumbulls acquaintance with charaters & things in London\u2014his particular intimacy with Mr West, & his connections with other people of note. I have conversed the matter over fully with Mr T. & three difficulties occurred to him, which he says he will candidly state, to Mr. J.\u2014first he doubts whether his education & pursuits in life qualify him fully for the place offer\u2019d\u2014again\u2014that his business is so situated that he apprehends he will sustain more loss by an entire devotion of his time to the public business, (which is a previous term with Mr J.) than will be compensated by the allowance made by law to a Secretary\u2014& finally he thinks it probable he might render the public more service unconnected with Mr J. than by residing in his family. For when it becomes generally understood that he is officially connected with the American Envoy, Mr West & his other friends will be extreemly cautious of what they say in his hearing from a persuasion, of its being immediately communicated to Mr J. In the pursuit of his professi\u27e8on\u27e9 he could excite no distrust, & at proper times & places could furnish Mr J. with the results of his observations, & of facts collected from his acquai\u27e8ntances.\u27e9\nIf this matter has impressed you \u27e8as favorably as\u27e9 it has done Mr T. & myself\u2014will y\u27e8ou be so good\u27e9 as to discuss it with Mr. J.\u2014& if the re\u27e8sult\u27e9 be, a resolution, to use the services both \u27e8of Mr T.\u27e9 & myself I cannot disguise that it will confer pleasure & obligation on myself & friends.\nMy views in the business are far from being confin\u27e8ed\u27e9 to self. I promise myself the gratification of adding \u27e8to the\u27e9 American\u27e8n\u27e9 stock of information, some new European matter & of exhibiting to Europeans, some light in regard to the State of the American people whose system of government your talents & cautions have so eminently contributed to rear & establish.\nI have the honor to be \u2003 Dear Sir \u2003 with sentiments of sincerest respect & esteem \u2003 Your obedt. humble servt.\nSam Bayard", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0247", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, April 23, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to request that a Warrant may Issue in favor of John Mease as agent for John & C: Wilkins Jr. & Co. of Pittsburg for two Thousand dollars for purchase of whiskey for the Army.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0248", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Daniel Hale, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Hale, Daniel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Albany, April 23, 1794. On June 19, 1794, Tench Coxe wrote to Hale and referred to \u201cYour letter to the Secretary of the Treasy. of the 23d of April last offering to supply a quantity of White Oak & Pine plank.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0249", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Gouverneur Morris, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Morris, Gouverneur\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nSainport near Paris23. April 1794.\nDear Sir\nIn Conformity to the directions contained in your letter of the 13 Sepr. 1792 sundry payments have been made. I pray your Reference to that list while you examine the enclosed note of those payments. The numbers refer to the order in which the names stand on your list. Moreover as I transmit the Sums both in Dollars and livres I think there will be no difficulty in making the needful Entries. For the Sum of bf. 316\u20132 it stands thus in the account rendered to me. Commission at one Half per cent on Payments made amounting together to\nbf\npostage of letters at Paris & at Liege\nStamp Duty on Sundry drafts\nPaid for advertising the payments in the different gazettes\nbf\nI have by a letter of this date (confirming to our Bankers in Holland the Credits formerly given on them and amounting to bank florins 52420) desired them to send you a Note of the amount in current florins the accounts of the United States being I beleive in current and not in bank money.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0250", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jeremiah Olney, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Olney, Jeremiah\nTreasury Department April 23rd. 1794\nSir\nI have before me your letter of the 3rd inst stating instances in which the law relatively to an Embargo has been transgressed.\nIt is true that no specific penalty is imposed in this particular case but the question is, whether the parties are not indictable generally, for violating a legal prohibition, in the District court. You will please to refer the case to the Attorney of the District for his opinion.\nShould similar escapes be attempted, the Governor of the State will upon application cooperate with the militia to prevent it.\nI am Sir with great consideration \u2003 Your obedient Servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nJere Olney EsquireCollector Providence", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0251", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Collectors of the Customs, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Collectors of the Customs\nTreasury Department, April 23d, 1794.\nSir,\nIt is understood that by virtue of the seventeenth article of our Treaty with Sweden, vessels of that nation are exempted from the operation of the embargo, now in force, in the ports of the United States, pursuant to the resolutions of Congress of the 26th of March and 18th instant.\nYou will therefore upon application grant clearances, as usual, to such Swedish vessels as may happen to be in your port, and wish to depart, whether laden or in ballast; guarding with due care against imposition; none is to be deemed a Swedish vessel which did not enter as such, and with a Swedish register.\nIn every instance where such vessel shall have been permitted to depart in consequence of this instruction, I request that you will immediately transmit to me a copy of her clearance.\nWith great consideration \u2003 I am Sir, \u2003 Your obedient Servant,\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0252-0001", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [23 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, April 23, 1794]\nMr. Hamilton presents his respects to The President. In compliance with the desire expressed by him, Mr. H has made a memorandum of certain points for consideration in preparing instructions for Mr. Jay, which are herewith sent.\nApril 23d. 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0252-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Points to be Considered in the Instructions to Mr. Jay, Envoy Extraordinary to G B, [23 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \nI \u2003 Indemnification for the depredations upon our Commerce according to a rule to be settled.\nThe desireable rule is\u2014that which theoretical Writers lay down as the rule of the law of Nations (to wit) that none but articles by general usage deemed contraband shall be liable to confiscation and that the carrying of such articles shall not infect other parts of a cargo, nor even a vessel carrying them where there are no appearances of a design to conceal.\nOur Treaties contain a good guide as to contraband articles Which fall under the general denomination of instrumenta belli instruments of War.\nBut if it should be found impracticable to establish this rule, the following qualifications of it occur to consideration.\nI \u2003 Whether Provisions (defining what shall be deemed such) may not be excepted so far as to render them liable, when going to an enemy\u2019s port not blockaded, to be carried into the port of the other enemy and converted to his use paying the full value. A good rule for estimating this value would be the cost & charges at the place of exportation with the addition of  per Cent?\n2dly. \u2003 Whether Colony produce going directly from the colony to the mother Country may not be added to the list of contraband articles?\nOr in the last resort whether the rule in this \u27e8particular,\u27e9 resulting from the instructions of the Eighth \u27e8of\u27e9 January last may not be admitted? to wit\u2014that colony produce goin\u27e8g\u27e9 from the colony to any port in Europe may be \u27e8confiscated. \u27e9 This is a principle which it is understood has been long adher\u27e8ed to\u27e9 by Great Britain and finds a sanction in prece\u27e8dents under\u27e9 the antient Governm\u27e8ent of\u27e9 France and other maritime powers.\nThe indemnification for prizes made by proscribed Vessels of which an expectation has been given by the President may be confirmed by convention.\nII \u2003 Arrangement with regard to the future.\nThe basis to be the rule already quoted of the general law of Nations.\nBut it is probable that the same exceptions which may be insisted upon as to indemnification for the past will also be insis\u27e8ted\u27e9 upon as to the future.\nThe idea of a \u27e8place\u27e9 blockaded or besieged by construction which \u27e8is\u27e9 not actually so ought to be excluded \u27e8in either\u27e9 case.\nA stipulation against th\u27e8e sale\u27e9 of prizes in our ports will probably be ins\u27e8isted\u27e9 upon and it is just that it should be \u27e8made.\u27e9\nA stipulation that in case of war with any Indian Tribe, the \u27e8other\u27e9 party shall furnish no supplies whatever to such Tribe except such and in such quanti\u27e8ty only,\u27e9 as it was accustommed to furnish previ\u27e8ous to the\u27e9 war and the party at war to have a right to keep an agent or agents at the posts or settlements of the other party nearest to such Indians to ascertain the faithful execution of this stipulation.\nGrounds of adjustment with regard  to the late Treaty of Peace  on the part of the British\nI \u2003 Indemnification for our negroes carr[i]ed away\nII \u2003 Surrender of our Posts\nOn the part of the UStates\nI \u2003 Indemnification for the obstructions to the recovery of debts not exceeding  Sterling.\nIt may be desired and would it not be our interest to agree that neither party shall in time of peace keep up any armed force upon the lakes nor any fortified places nearer than  miles to the lakes except small posts for small guards (the number to be defined) stationed for the security of trading houses?\nWould it not also be our interest to agree to an arrangement by which each party shall permit to the other, under due precautions and regulations a free trade with the Indian tribes inhabiting within the limits of the other?\nTreaty of Commerce\nThe statu quo may be taken with the following exceptions\u2014\nA privilege to carry to the West India Islands in our vessels of certain burthens (say not less than 60 Tons nor more than Eighty Tons) all such articles as may now be carried thither from the Ustates in British Bottoms and to bring from thence directly to the UStates all such articles as may now be brought from thence to the UStates in British bottoms.\nThe privilege of carrying to G Britain & Ireland manufactures of the UStates similar to those which now are or here after may be allowed to be carried thither by other nations who stand on the footing of the most favoured nation and upon terms of admission equally good.\nAs equivalents\u2014\nThe extra Tonnage and duties on British Vessels and goods imported in British vessels to be done away & if desired a stipulation to be entered into that the commodities and manufactures of Great Britain & Ireland may be imported into the Ustates upon terms equally good with the like commodities & manufactures of any other nation and that the duties upon such of them as now pay ten per Cent ad valorem & upwards shall not be increased and that the duties upon such of them as now pay under 10 \u214c Cent ad valorem shall not be increased beyond 10 \u214c Cent.\nA Treaty on these Terms to be made for any term not exceeding  years.\nBut if such a Treaty cannot be made it deserves consideration whether a Treaty on the basis of the statu quo for a short term (say five years) may not be adviseable as an expedient for preserving peace between the two Countries.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0253", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [23 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, April 23, 1794] \u201cThe Secretary of the Treasury \u2026 has the honor to transmit sundry drafts of passports in cases which have been handed to him for that purpose by the Secretary of State.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0254", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Departmt. April 23d. 1794.\nSir,\nWhen I wrote my letter of the 21st instant I had intirely forgotten the existence of your two instructions of the 8 of Augt., owing probably to the effect upon my memory of my sickness which soon after ensued. I only recollected that the loan had been authorised by me pursuant to your special direction, and I conceived that the subject of it\u2019s disposition was wholly open. I regret this circumstance, though no inconvenience could have ensued.\nFor I am of opinion, that until the actual investment of the monies in purchases, they remain liable to any disposition which you may think proper, with reference to either of the two Acts of the 4th & 12th of August 1790. The loan has been made without particular reference to either of them, agreeably to the intimation in your letter of the 27th of July, namely, that it was not your purpose by seperate instructions to prevent the loans from being carried on without distinction in Holland. Accordingly no distinction has been made. And as the Contract for the loan will not be specially bottomed upon either of the Acts, I conceive the instructions which have been given may be varied so as to accommodate the application to the purposes of both or either.\nIt is not, however, essential that any alteration should now be made. If the whole sum is to be drawn for here, as I should have to remit from hence what remains to complete the million of Florins towards the payment of the next June instalment, I can fulfil this object, with convenience to the public service, by drawing upon the fund created by the last loan\u2014which will leave in the Treasury here an equivalent sum applicable to purchases. This will be the same thing in principle, (without the inconvenience of a double operation) as to draw bills upon that fund to be sold here, in order to place the proceeds in the Treasury, and to purchase other bills to remit to Holland, in order to place there a fund for the payment of the June instalment.\nBut if it is your intention at all events to attach the proceeds of this loan to purchases and to exclude absolutely the further application of any part of it towards payments to France or otherwise on account of the foreign debt, I will thank you to signify your pleasure accordingly. And then the accounts of the Treasury will be so regulated as to fix that course of proceeding irrevocably.\nBut I think embarrassments may be found to attend this course, which prevent me from recommending it.\nWith the highest respect, \u2003 I have the honor to be &c\nAlexander Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0255", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Otho H.\nTreasury Department, April 23, 1794. \u201cEnclosed are two passports.\u2026 You will perceive that those Vessels have permission to depart in Ballast, with passengers for St. Domingo. You will therefore grant them clearance accordingly.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0256", "content": "Title: Cabinet Meeting. Opinion on Submission of Thomas Pinckney\u2019s Letters to Congress, [24 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, April 24, 1794]\nThe Secretary of state submits to the Secretaries of the treasury and war, whether the inclosed letters from Mr. Pinckney or either of them shall be sent to congress.\nE. R. is of opinion, that the letter of the 28th. of Jany, and not the other ought to be sent.\nI am [of] opinion that it is not adviseable to send either. That of the 28th of January contains no new substantive matter material to the information of Congress & mere stimulants do not seem to be necessary.\nA Hamilton\nI do not conceive the propriety of transmitting these letters to Congress\nH Knox", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0257", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\n[Philadelphia] April 24, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his Compliments to Mr Hodgdon and requests an answer to the note on the enclosed paper which is to be returned.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0259", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCustom-House,Providence 24th. April 1794.\nSir.\nThe Bond, of which the enclosed is an Account, being the only one of the kind I have taken since the receipt of your circular directions of the Tenth of May 1792, the requisition did not occur to me when my quarterly Abstracts were transmitted, or this Account should have been forwarded then.\nThe Vessel in which the Merchandize were imported, had a passage to Washington of 67 Days; and no Certificate to cancel the Bond has yet come to hand. Mr. Rhodes says he expects she will arrive at Boston, on her return, in the course of this Month; but having had no information relative to the Certificate, he is fearful it has not been procured. Should this be the case, will it not be proper Sir, if other satisfactory evidence of the Duties\u2019 having been secured at Washington should be obtained from the Owner (who is expected in the Brigantine) to postpone the suit of the Bond to a future period? I hope for your reply before the 11th of May.\nI have the Honor to be &c.\nJereh. Olney Collr.\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr.Secy. of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0260", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nProvidence, April 24, 1794. \u201cThe Act continuing the Embargo, and that passed the Second Instant, have come to hand. Is any Bond to be taken for a registered Vessel, bound from One District to another in the United States \u2026 in Ballast only?\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0261", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jeremiah Olney, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Olney, Jeremiah\nTreasury Department April 24th. 1794\nSir,\nI am informed by your letter of the 14th. instant of the decision of the Court in the case of Messrs Arnold & Dexter.\nI approve of your intention to take measures for an appeal to the proper Court of the United States. I could wish that you would request the District Attorney to forward to me the pleadings in the cause, and the reasons upon which the Court founded its decision.\nWith great consideration \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Yr Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nJeremiah Olney Esqr.Collector Providence", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0262", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, April 24, 1794. \u201cConcurring, as I do, with you, that the treaty between the United States and Sweden, exempts the Vessels of the latter from the operation of the embargo, I beg leave to suggest to you, whether it may not be expedient to give instructions to the several Collectors accordingly.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0265", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Bradford, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Bradford, William\n[Philadelphia, April 25, 1794. On May 1, 1794, Bradford wrote to Hamilton and referred to \u201cyour Letter of the 25th ultimo.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0267", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n[Philadelphia, April 25, 1794. \u201cThe object of the resolution being \u2026 that no permits are to be granted to Vessels licensed for the whale and cod fishery to touch and trade at foreign ports.\u2026 Instructions on the execution of a law do not immediately go from the President of the United States. This department is the organ of the instructions of the President to the collectors.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0268", "content": "Title: Report on the Contract Made with the Bank of the United States for a Loan of Two Million Dollars, [25 April 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\n[Philadelphia, April 25, 1794Communicated on April 25, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to the Order of the House of Representatives of the 28th. of February 1794, respectfully makes the following report:\nThe paper A, herewith transmitted, is a Copy of the Contract with the Bank of the United States respecting the Loan of two Millions of dollars had of that Institution in conformity with a provision for that purpose in the Act by which it is incorporated.\nAccording to the intent of this Contract as understood by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Bank, the first instalment of 200,000 dollars was payable on the first of January 1793. The Secretary in a report to the House of Representatives of the 30th. of November 1792, submitted a provision for reimbursing the loan to the Bank. None was made \u2019till the time for reimbursing the first instalment as understood between the Treasury and the Bank, had elapsed on the first of January 1793. The Secretary by Letter informed the Bank that he would leave in deposit, as an offset against that instalment a Sum of 200,000 dollars, \u2019till Legislative provision should be made concerning the Matter. An Act of Congress of the 2d of March 1793, authorised the payment of this Instalment out of the proceeds of the Foreign Loans. But the then Attorney General being of Opinion that upon the legal Construction of the Contract compared with the words of the Act, the payment could not be made \u2019till the 25th of June 1793; the Completion of the business accordingly remained suspended \u2019till the 20th. of July following, when a Warrant issued to pay over the proceeds of the Bills in deposit to the Treasurer, and another Warrant to pay an equal Sum to the Bank. Interest upon the Instalment ceased on the 31st. of December 1792, by Virtue of the Deposit.\nThe foregoing transaction confirmed the principle of paying each instalment on the last day of the year. The Secretary in a report to the House of Representatives of the 21st. of December 1793, submitted a proposition for making provision for the second instalment. None having been made, he by a Letter to the Bank of the 31st. December 1793, informed that the Legislature not having yet had leisure to provide for the second instalment of the two Million loan, he had concluded to suspend calling into the Treasury the last installment of a Loan of 800,000 dollars which had been contracted with the Bank, and that that Sum would remain in deposit as an offset against the first mentioned instalment \u2019till provision should be made by Law. This Business still remains in the same situation no provision having yet been made by Law; but the effect is to arrest Interest at the rate of 6 \u214c Cent. upon the Sum payable to the Bank, by a fund obtained from the Bank itself bearing only an Interest of 5 \u214c Cent.\nAll which is humbly submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury.\nTreasury Department April 25th. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0269", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Wadsworth, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Wadsworth, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia April 25. 1794\nDear Sir\nThe Note which was among Chaloners papers payable to John B Church Esqr from Thomas Mifflin was for Sixteen hundred Dollars the interest was One thousand & forty dollars. I had a demand on the same Person for one Hundred Dollars. I have put the three Sums into a Bond payable to myselfe in one Year from the 24th of this Month. I have taken this method that if the project of Sequestration should come on the Carpet Mr Church may be safe. It was necessary to give a Years Credit as the Note was out Lawed and the payor Not in Cash. I wish for your approbation of this transaction. Their is due to Wadsworth & Church from Timothy Seymour of Hartford more than two thousand dollars & their is some doubt of his ability to pay but by lending him One thousand or twelve Hundred Dollars more a Mortgage can be obtained on Land that will serve the whole. If you approve of this transaction I will endeavor to compleat it. You may rember that it was agreed between us that all the Monies due Wadsworth & Church should be made payable to me when ever I took notes or Bonds. The Necessity of pursuing this mode in the mortgage is evident. You will direct me also on that subject.\nI am D sir \u2003 Your \u2003 very Humble sert\nJere Wadsworth\nCol Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0270", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department April 25. \u201994\nSir\nI beg leave by way of explanation to submit the grounds of my opinion, that the President may vary his instructions of the 8th of August last in reference to the application of the last loan obtained in Holland.\nA summary of the preceding transactions will serve to throw light upon the subject.\nThe President by his Commission of the 28 of August 1790, gave full power to the Secretary of the Treasury to make the whole of the two loans contemplated by the Acts of the 4th & 12th of August.\nWhen in the beginning of June last certain considerations rendered it in my judgment expedient to obtain a further loan; I concluded to address myself to the President, not for want of power to proceed in the business, but to obtain the sanction of his opinion and instruction as to the eligibility of the measure. This will appear from my letter of the 3d. of that month.\nAfter some explanatory communications, I received from the President his letter of the 27 of July, informing me of the shape the business had taken in his mind.\nOn the basis of that letter, I prepared the instructions of the 8 of August, which I considered merely as directions to me from the President in the execution of the general power of the 28th of August 1790, to be understood in connexion with the letter of the 27 of July.\nThe proposition in my report of the 15th of June was that the proposed Loan should be made upon the authority of both Acts, and the letter of the President just mentioned precisely declares he did not intend by separate instructions to prevent the loans from being carried on without distinction in Holland.\nAccordingly I sent no new powers for making a further loan, but merely an additional instruction to make a loan of three millions of florins on the basis of the former powers. This additional instruction too made no special reference to either act, but left the matter to proceed as before, without distinction.\nThe consequence will be that the loan as in all preceding cases will be founded upon both the acts. I send for your inspection all the contracts heretofore made as the evidence of what will be the form of the one not yet forwarded; all of which expressly and indiscriminately refer to both the Acts.\nThe inference is that according to the contract itself (the formal obligatory Act) the loan will be placed upon the joint foundation of the two Acts, equally applicable therefore to the purpose of either.\nThis being the case it is in my mind a clear proposition, that the money remains in that state liable to be applied according to either or both the Acts, \u2019till one of two things happens; an actual investment, or the being carried in the books of the Treasury specifically to the account of the particular appropriation.\nIt appears to me that there are but two circumstances which can attach irrevocably a similar fund to a particular destination\u2014either its being so attached in its original creation by the formal obligatory Act, (to wit\u2014the contract for the loan) or its having receiv\u2019d in the treasury its ultimate form by being carried to the account of the particular appropriation. This last, where the fund in its creation is liable to different destinations is, as I suppose, the only thing which consummates & fixes the precise destination\u2014\u2019Tis the record, so to speak, of the sentence or direction of the law, ascertaining its application.\nIf this position be as solid as I believe it to be, it will follow, that all collateral instructions of the President intervening between his original power to make the loan, and the final application of the loan, are mere directions to the Secretary of the Treasury, binding on him until they are revoked, but revocable at pleasure by the President until they are definitely acted upon at the Treasury.\nThis is my view of the subject; for troubling the President with which, I have no other motive than merely to explain the ground of an important opinion.\nI proceed now to execute the order of the President contained in his letter of yesterday.\nThe embarrassments which I suppose may possibly arise from fixing at this time the destination of the fund, are connected with the following considerations.\nThe laws, except by the means of loans, make no provision for the payment of any part of the principal of the foreign debt. Instalments of the principal of the Dutch debt are falling due yearly. The same is the case of the Debt to France, deferring the computed anticipations as has been heretofore done. Perhaps it may become the policy of the country in a short time to accelerate in the latter case.\nThe state of European affairs forbids a reliance on further loans there. The actual situation of the United States (and a fortiori its possible one) is likely to call for all the aid of domestic loans, which is obtainable, for domestic purposes. This resource therefore could not be depended upon as a substitute for foreign Loans for foreign objects. Still less, & for the same among other reasons, could additional taxation be counted upon.\nOur credit therefore and in certain events our security in a degree, may depend on retaining a part of the resource in question in a situation to come in aid of both. Our credit entirely, and our security, in a very small degree, are of far greater consequence, than the savings to be made by the investment of 1,200,000 Dollars in purchases.\nPast experience admonishes to caution. The last loan of a million of florins, and the present one of three millions are in some sort accidents. Antecedent intelligence had in each case forbidden the expectation of either, as the President will see from the letters herewith transmitted. Had these not happen\u2019d, & had the monies originally drawn to this Country for purchases been hastily so invested, our credit would in all probability have been lost, and things, which we believe it of importance to have been done, would have been impracticable.\nA considerable defalcation of Revenue, this year seems probable.\nI feel in a manner not less interesting to my own reputation than to the public interest, the advantage of extensive purchases at the existing juncture\u2014and though I think the opportunity will not escape, it enters into the plan which I should approve to proceed gradually & circumspectly in availing ourselves of the advantage. But I do not incline either wholly to tie up the fund at this time, or to precipitate its application to that single object. I think the matter had better be left open to be governed by circumstances as things shall unfold.\nIt appears to me better at the hazard of some criticism to wave or defer an advantage inferior in magnitude, rather than incur a probable risk of a disadvantage of much greater magnitude.\nIt appears by the letter from the Commissioners announcing the loan already communicated to the President, that the receipts on account of it may be considerably protracted. This is a circumstance of some weight in the decision.\nI submit these observations with all deference to the decision of the President, and have the honor to [be]\nwith the highest respect &c.\nAlexander Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0271", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia] April 25, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to The President & sends a letter to him from Captn. Cochran.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0273", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia] April 25, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of the Treasury \u2026 has the honor to transmit a Memorial from Colo. Weissenfelt, which came enclosed to him.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0275", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 26 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia] April 26, 1794. Encloses \u201cthe draft of a passport for the American sloop Eliza, now in this port, bound for St. Domingo with passengers, for the President\u2019s signature.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0276", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 26 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Otho H.\nTreasury Department April 26th. 1794\nSir\nSamuel Smith Esqr. has applied for a passport for a small vessel to be sent in Ballast to the Island of Bermuda which is herewith enclosed.\nMr Smith not being possessed of the names of the Vessel and Master they are left blank in the paper to be inserted by you.\nAnother passport has been granted for Captain Kean Master of the Schooner Eagle, bound for St Domingo in ballast, and with passengers you will accordingly grant clearances for those vessels, which it is to be observed are to be both American.\nI am Sir \u2003 With great Consideration \u2003 Your Obdt. Servant\nA Hamilton\nOtho H Williams EsqrCollector Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0277", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 27 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n[Philadelphia] April 27th 1794\nDr. Sir\nI did not receive the draft of your reply to Mr. Hammond on the subject of the instructions of the 8th of June till bed time last night, nor could I without a much more considerable delay than seems to comport with your plan pretend to enter into an accurate scrutiny of the paper.\nI must therefore confine myself to a very few remarks.\nI \u2003 If my memory serves me right your position that the UStates alone suffer from the operation of the abovementioned instructions is not accurate. I take it, provisions on board of all neutral vessels going to any port of France are liable to the same treatment; except in the single case of their going to a place blockaded or besieged\u2014when the rigor of the law of nations is inforced against us by a confiscation in the first instance whereas in respect to Sweden and Denmark it is mitigated by the circumstance of admonition first & confiscation afterwards. But even in this particular the other neutral powers (Sweden & Denmark excepted) were left in the same predicament with us. I do not understand, either, that in fact any ports of France have been deemed blockaded so as to produce confiscation except those actually so. But not having instructions before me I cannot speak with precision:\nII \u2003 You seem to take the position too strictly\u2014that none but such articles as are peculiar to war are deemed contraband. Other articles besides these are usually deemed contraband (as naval stores, which are the general instrument of commerce in time of peace as well as a mean of War).\nIII \u2003 You appeal strongly to the conduct of G B for a century past as to the question of provisions being treated as contraband or otherwise interdicted from being carried to any enemy country. I fear examples may be cited upon you which will include the point and more. Is there not a treaty between Holland & England within a Century which goes much further? And you may be perhaps pressed by examples from other Countries. I remember a declaration from France to the State General (in the time of Louis XIV as I believe) which imposes much more extensive restrictions.\nIII \u2003 There appears to me too much tartness in various parts of the Reply. Energy without asperity seems best to comport with the dignity of National language. The Force ought to be more in the idea than in the expression or manner. The subject of the paper is the instructions of the 8th of June not those of the 6 of November. I suspect from some latter lights which I have received that more of justification for the former can be found in the practice of Nations than I was originally aware of\u2014and the expression of our sensibility & the energy of our resistance ought to be proportioned to the nature of the case.\nOn the whole, I submit whether it be not adviseable to give no other reply than a general one declaring that the doctrines advanced in support of the instructions of the 8th of June do not appear to us well founded but that being among the objects committed to Mr. Jay\u2019s negotiation a particular reply is foreborne. We are still in the path of negotiation. Let us not plant it with thorns.\nYrs. with respect & esteem\nA H", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0278", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [27 April 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, April 27, 1794]\nSir,\nI cannot, under all the circumstances of the case, satisfy myself, that I am at liberty to go contrary to my last instructions; and that I have authority to direct the money, which I have expressly directed to be applied to the purchase of the public debt, to be applied to any other object.\nStill, however, I am willing, that the embarrassments, which you consider as probable, shall be communicated to Congress; and I have no objection to recommend to them to order the money to be reserved for the exigencies which you point out.\nPhiladelphia April the 27th. 1794.Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0279", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 28 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Jay, John\nPhiladelphia April 28.1794.\nMy Dear Sir\nInclosed are communications from the Collector of this Port & from Mr. Seton of New York respecting a vessel for your accommodation. Mr. Trumbal at my request has visited the vessels here & thinks there is none but the Andriana (American) which will answer your purpose.\nWill you be so good as to decide as shall appear to you best upon the vessel you would like & if at New York Mr. Seton is instructed to complete the pecuniary arrangement. If the Andriana here should be your choice let me know & she shall be engaged; it is proper to decide promptly as the taking off the embargo (a possible event) may render the obtaining a proper vessel more difficult & the terms worse.\nUpon the whole, I am pretty strongly inclined to the opinion that a fast sailing American will be the most eligible.\nIn calculating chances, these Questions press themselves. Could we rely that a passport from the French Minister would protect an enemy bottom from the capture of French Cruisers? Who can say, from moment to moment, what may be the condition of any of the European neutral Powers with regard to France. If you should once go to France may not policy interpose so many embarrassments to your progress as might frustrate your mission? I need not urge the state of things in that country.\nWith true respect & regard \u2003 Dr. Sir \u2003 Your obedient servant\nA Hamilton\nJohn Jay Esqr&c", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0280", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 28 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, April 28, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of State has the honor of sending to the Secretary of the Treasury the applications for \u2026 passports.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0281", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Seton, 28\u201329 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Seton, William\n[Philadelphia, April 28\u201329, 1794. On May 2, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Seton and referred to \u201cmine of the 28th or 29th of which I did not keep a copy.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0282", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 28 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury DepartmentApril 28. 1794\nSir\nI should not advise a present reference to the Legislature on the subject of the application of the loan; as under the circumstances of that body at this moment much debate would probably ensue and perhaps no decision.\nI am the less induced to advise this step; as the expedient itself will be hereafter practicable, if it shall appear to be necessary. It will be some time before the proceeds of the loan will be realised in the Treasury. When there, though the appropriation will be fixed to the sinking Fund, the actual disbursement of the monies may be accelerated or retarded as may be judged adviseable according to the developpement of circumstances.\nWith the most perfect respect \u2003 I have the honor to be Sir \u2003 Your most Obedient servant\nThe President of The UStates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0283", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 28 April 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nT. DC. Off April 28. 1794\nSir\nThe circumstance announced in the inclosed memorandum, came to my knowledge in consequence of a Letter directed to me officially; I esteem it to be my duty to lay the fact before you as I recd. it, well knowing it to be a deviation from those rules upon which you have directed the business of the Treasury Department to be conducted.\nI am &c\nThe Honb A H.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0284", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Daves, 29 April 1794\nFrom: Daves, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew Bern [North Carolina] April 29, 1794. \u201cI have received your letter dated 3rd Instant, containing instructions.\u2026 As yet I have not been able to get a judicious able man, to undertake owing to the small sum they will be entitled to.\u2026 I have received from the Treasurer of the United States a draft on me for One thousand dollars, which shall be disposed of agreeable to your instructions.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0285", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Morris, 29 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Morris, Robert\nT.D. April 29th 1794\nSir\nI have directed the suits brought with a view to try the validity of attachments of public stock to be discontinued\u2014being satisfied agreeably to the opinions of the Attorney General and the Attorney of the District that such Attachments cannot be supported.\nI am Sir \u2003 Your Obedient Servant\nThe Honorable \u27e8Rob\u27e9ert Morris Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0287", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from James Smith, 29 April 1794\nFrom: Smith, James\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Hampton, Virginia, April 29, 1794. An entry in JPP\u201cJournal of the Proceedings of the President,\u201d George Washington Papers, Library of Congress. for July 14, 1794, reads as follows: \u201cReturn\u2019d to the Secy. of the Treasury the following papers which he had submitted to me.\u2026 Letter of Jas. Smith 29 April.\u2026\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0288", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 29 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia] April 29, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of the Treasury \u2026 encloses the draft of a passport for a schooner called the Eliza of New York, for the President\u2019s signature. The application which accompanies it, comes from a number of French Emigrants now in New York.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0289", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, April 30, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to enclose for submission to the President a contract in the form of a bill of parcels for a temporary supply of oil for the use of the L: House at Sandy Hook. It is lower than the price in this City, and as low as the New York market admitted of. The attempts I have sometime made to secure a years supply by a large contract have not yet succeeded owing to the apprehensions of an interruption by War of the Whaling Voyages.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0290", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] April 30, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of State has the honor of inclosing \u2026 a paragraph from a letter of Mr. Pinckney, dated January 10th 1794. It respects M. la Colombe, a french Officer, formerly in our army \u2026 and seems to lie more particularly in the department of the Secretary of the Treasury. Any answer, which may be thought adviseable the Secretary of State will forward to Mr. P.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0291", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\nPhiladelphia, April 30, 1794. \u201cThe bearer is a French officer in extreme distress. He wishes to go to St Domingo but has not the means of paying his passage. Is there any way of accommodating him out of the public fund? I refer him to you.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0292", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia] April 30, 1794. Encloses \u201cthe draft of a passport for the President\u2019s signature intended for the Ship Hope, now at Charleston.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0293", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasy. Departt. April 30. 1794.\nSir,\nInclosed I have the honor to send you the translation of a letter from Mr. Fauchet, of the 21st instant.\nThe arrangements of the Treasury have been taken so as to correspond with the epochs of promised payment. But I entertain no doubt that I can facilitate an arrangement between the Bank & Mr. Fauchet which will accomplish in substance the object of his letter. I did not think it proper, however, to take any definitive step without previously placing the subject under the eye of the President.\nThe Minister is desirous of securing an additional sum for satisfying two drafts of his predecessor, which he specifies. It will be within the compass of our means to perform this also. But it is not within the limit heretofore prescribed and it includes besides considerations which are proper only for the decision of the President.\nWith perfect respect &c.\nAlexander Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0294", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to \u2014\u2014\u2014, [April-May 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, April-May, 1794]\nMy own hope of making a short excursion to Europe the ensuing spring increases. Believe me, I am heartily tired of my situation, and wait only the opportunity of quitting it with honor, and without decisive prejudice to the public affairs. This winter, I trust, will wind up my plans so as to secure my reputation. The present appearance is, that the depending elections will prove favorable to the good cause, and obviate anxiety for the future. In this event, my present determination is, to resign my political family, and set seriously about the care of my private family. Previous to this I will visit Europe. There I shall have the happiness of meeting you once more. But will not a few months afterwards give us the pang of a final separation? Let us hope the best. Adieu.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0295", "content": "Title: Suggestions for a Commercial Treaty, [April-May 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, April-May, 1794]\nTo follow the specification of Objects on a Commercial Treaty\nThis enumeration presents generally the objects which it is desireable to comprise in a Commercial Treaty; not that it is expected that one can be effected with so great a latitude of advantages.\nIf to the actual footing of our commerce and Navigation in the British European dominions could be added the privilege of carrying directly from the UStates to the British West India Islands, in our own bottoms generally or of certain defined burthens, the articles which by the Act of the 28th of George 3d Chapt 6th may be carried thither in British Bottoms & of bringing from those Islands directly to the UStates in our bottoms of the like description, the articles which by the same Act may be brought from those Islands to the UStates in British bottoms\u2014this would afford an acceptable basis of a Treaty for a term not exceeding fifteen years; and it would be adviseable to conclude a Treaty upon that basis.\nBut if a Treaty cannot be formed upon a basis as liberal as this, it is conceived that it would not be expedient to do any thing more than to digest the articles of such a one as the British Government shall appear willing to accede to; referring it here for consideration and further instruction previous to a formal conclusion.\nThere are other points which it would be interesting to comprehend in a Treaty and which it is presumed would not be attended with difficulty. Among these is the admission of our commodities and manufactures generally into the European Dominions of G Britain upon a footing equally good with those of other foreign Countries.\n   Note \u2003 This is now the case though a general impression to the contrary has prevailed. See Procla of 1792.\n At present only certain enumerated articles are admitted. But though this enumeration embraces all the articles which it is of present material consequence to us to export to those Dominions; yet in process of time an extension of the objects may become of moment. The fixing of the privileges which we now enjoy by toleration of the Company\u2019s Governt. in the British East Indies, if any arrangement could be made with the consent of the Company for that purpose would also be a valuable item.\nThe foregoing is conformed to the ideas in which the Secretary at War & Attorney General appeared to concur.\nIt is my opinion, that if an indemnification for the depredations committed on our Trade and the execution of those points of the Treaty of peace which remain unexecuted on the part of G Britain can be accomplished on satisfactory terms and it should appear a necessary mean to this end to combine a Treaty of Commerce for a short term on the footing of the statu quo, the conclusion of such a Treaty would be consistent with the interests of the UStates.\nAH", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0298", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Daniel Delozier, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Delozier, Daniel\nTreasury Department May 1st 1794\nSir,\nI duly received your letter of the 13th of April containing an extract of a Letter from General Williams to you.\nWhen any instructions are addressed to the Collector and he is not in a condition to execute it personally on account of absence or sickness, it is understood that the person who acts in his stead as Collector will take up the business and execute it. I request that this idea may be made known to the person who acts as Collector (if not yourself) and that I may be informed who is the person.\nI am, Sir, with consideration \u2003 Your Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\n\u27e8Daniel\u27e9 Delozier EsquireSurveyor of the Port ofBaltimore.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0299", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\nSir\nThe case stated in your letter of the 8th of April with regard to certain vessels which violated the law laying an embargo, ought to be reported to the District Attorney, in order that he may judge whether the parties are not indictable for disobeying an injunction of the law and what may be proper to be done.\nYou have been already instructed in regard to the Schooner Boyne. Inclosed I transmit you the Copy of a letter from Capt Wanton to the President relating to the transaction. I request that you will reply to that part of it which respects your conduct and declarations in the affair.\nI am Sir, with great consideration \u2003 Your obedt. Servt\nWm Ellery Esq.Collector Newport", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0300", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\nTreasury DepartmentMay 1. 1794\nSir\nA representation has been made that there is within your district a [Transport Ship the Britannia in the British service which was employed by Admiral Jarvis to bring General Rochambeau to Newport] This Ship is to be permitted to depart notwithstanding the embargo.\nWith consideration I am Sir \u2003 Your obed Servant Alex Hamilton\nThe Collector of New Port", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0302", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTreasury Department, May 1, 1794. \u201cThe difficulty stated in your letter of the 10th of April with regard to certain claims for drawback can only be obviated by an application to Congress, there being no where a power vested to dispense with the proof which is required by law of the landing of the goods in a foreign country.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0303", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jeremiah Olney, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Olney, Jeremiah\nTreasury DepartmentMay 1st. 1794.\nSir,\nI have to reply to that part of your letter of the 31st. of March relating to certain vessels which escaped the Embargo.\nThe question is whether an indictment generally will lie for disobeying the injunction of the law? This is the only mode of punishment if any exists. The Collector of Newport has been instructed to report these cases to the Attorney of the district in order that what shall appear proper may be done.\nWith great consideration, \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nJere Olney EsquireCollector Providence", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0305", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasy. Departt. May 1st 1794.\nSir,\nI have the honor to send herewith drafts of sundry passports for vessels to go with passengers to St. Domingo; but I begin to suspect that this is, or may be made a cover for carrying on mercantile speculations contrary to the true spirit of the Embargo, & in a manner liable to great inconveniency.\nIt is easy to see that specie to a vast amount may be sent in such vessels to purchase West India produce, either to be brought to the United States, or to be carried elsewhere\u2014a circumstance which may suddenly drain us of too large a proportion of our Coin & occasion mischievous consequence.\nIt seems to me therefore of real moment either that the practice should be wholly discontinued, or that it should be put under regulations calculated as much as possible to avoid abuses.\nTo this end, security may be required, that the vessel shall proceed to the place for which she shall be cleared & return from thence directly to The United States in ballast. This security, calculating the proportion between vessels & Cargoes, ought to be for not less than treble the value of the vessel, to be judged of by the Collector of the District from which she is about to depart. An oath may also be added that the vessel is bona fide destined to the place for which the passport is requested, & is truly intended to take with her nothing but passengers & their baggage, together with the necessary Sea-stores for the voyage and particularly that she is not intended to take with her any merchandize or money for any purpose of trade or traffic whatsoever.\nA further addition to these precautions may be that a vessel shall take with her at least at the rate of one passenger to two tons of her burthen, to be entitled to the benefit of the passport which will forward the end for which the passports are granted & be a collateral proof of sincerity.\nEven with all these precautions, I have a serious doubt whether any permissions should be granted beyond the present applications.\nWith the most perfect respect &c.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0306", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPrivate\nQuadruplicateAmsterdam 1 May 1794\nSir!\nWe have to request your acceptance of our most hearty Thanks for Your very polite letter of 24th January, and for your alacrity to contribute to the success of the object, We commissioned Mr. Sterett to obtain for us.\nWe are apprized of the Doubt whether the Constitution by prescribing a general Uniform rule of naturalization, did not preclude the granting it in any particular Case: wherefore We desired the presentation of our petition less in the View of attaining the favor partially, than to furnish an occasion for the question being brought on upon the general principles, which We flattered ourselves might conduct to the fulfillment of our Wishes and views.\nBe assured We have sincere and due gratitude for your recommendation of our petition to the Legislature of New York, to the patronage of Your Friends equally strong in the defeat of our application, as if it had been the means of our complete success: and that We shall deem it one of the fortunate circumstances of our Life, to have it in our power to render You any useful or agreeable Office, which We beg of you to consider at Your disposal.\nWe are respectfully \u2003 Sir! \u2003 Your mo. ob. hb. Servants\nWilhem & Jan WillinkN & J. Van Staphorst & Hubbard\nAlexa. Hamilton Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0308", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to Alexander Hamilton and Henry Knox, 2 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\n[Philadelphia] May 2, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of State submits to the Secretaries of the Treasury and War, whether any, and what step can be taken upon the inclosed memorial of John Leamy.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0309", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 2 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] May 2, 1794. Encloses \u201capplications \u2026 for passports to St. Domingo, they being supposed to come within the rule.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0310", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Seton, 2 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Seton, William\nPhilada May 2d 1794\nDear Sir\nI take it for granted that mine of the 28 or 29th of which I did not keep a copy will have led you to conclude an arrangement for the vessel preferred by Mr Jay.\nLest that letter should by any accident have miscarried (as you appear not to have received it on the 30th when the post came away) I repeat what it contained\u2014It authorised you, according to Mr Jay\u2019s choice, to agree for the vessel; chartering her for a sum certain (in lieu of all expences & risks) to go to Great Britain in Ballast.\nI cannot judge how far the certificate of the minister or Consul would answer instead of a Register to protect from the Algerines. I think it probable it would. But of this Mr Jay can judge as well as any body.\nWith esteem & regard \u2003 I remain Dr. Sir \u2003 yr obedt Servt\nA H\nWilliam Seton EsqrNew york", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0312", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 2 May 1794\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nDuplicateAmsterdam 2d. May 1794.\nSir!\nSince our last Respects of 1 April We are deprived of your esteemed favors.\nWe inclose You the Account Current of the United States up to 30th Ultimo: The Balance whereon due by us Holld. Curry. f1,769,068. 4. 8 We transfer to their Credit in a new Account.\nYesterday was the Day for the Undertakers of the Half of the Loan of 1 January last of Three Millions of guilders, to decide whether they would accept the other Half of said Loan, at four successive Monthly periods. Only f1,092,000. has been assumed by them, and such other persons as inclined to take of these Bonds: which is the best possible proof, how timid our monied people are, in employing their monies, or the great advantages they expect to reap from them: And evincing at same time, how very critically We availed ourselves of the only favorable moment that has occurred to launch such a Loan upon our Market.\nNo less opportune has its success been, to provide us Funds for discharging the Instalment of One Million of Florins due the First proximo on the Loan of the United States of 1 June 1782. The payment of which, with the Interests due at the same Period by the United States, We have in virtue of the general Authority vested by You in us, already advertised in our Newspapers. A Circumstance that tended to excite people to engage for their optional Half of the last Loan.\nWe shall keep You regularly advised, of any further sale We may make of the 408 Bonds still remaining undisposed of, as well as of every other information necessary for your Government.\nIt being now beyond a Doubt, that a Tax is to take place upon the principal Sum of all Loans negotiated here, exclusive of a Stamp Tax upon each subdivided Bond of f 1000.: To avoid being subjected thereto for the Loan of 1 January last by waiting [for] the Legal Powers from Mr. Short, We executed the Bond, by virtue of the order given to us in Your Letter of 12th August past; An Authenticated Copy, and Translation of which Bond You have inclosed, that We request you to have ratified by the President of the United States, and to return to us, with the Ratification so soon as possible, in order that We may fulfill our positive Engagement, to deposit same with the Notary.\nWe are with great Regard and Esteem", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0313", "content": "Title: Report on Informal Advances, 3 May 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, May 3, 1794. The minute book of the select committee appointed to examine the Treasury Department records on this date a \u201cLetter from the Secy. of the Treasy. accompanying statement of informal advances.\u201d Letter and report not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0314", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 3 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Dept. May 3d. 1794.\nSir,\nInclosed are copies of a Letter of mine of the 25 ultimo to the Attorney General and of his answer.\nConcurring entirely in opinion with that officer, I am led to bring the subject under the eye of the President only from the reflection that a foreign Government is concerned in the question and unless I receive a direction to the contrary, I shall act in conformity with that opinion. I am urged for a reply in a particular case which will go to Europe by the Vessel which shall carry Mr. Jay.\nWith perfect respect \u2003 I have the honor to be &c.\nAlex: Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0315", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 3 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department, May 3, 1794. Encloses \u201ca letter from the Commissioner of the Revenue of the 30th of April, with his opinion that it is adviseable to confirm the purchase of Oil to which it relates.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0318", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 5 May 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nColle. Offe. [Newport, Rhode Island] May 5th 1794\nSir\nBy the last Post I recd. your Circular of the 18th and 23d. of last mo. the first inclosing the Acts of the 2nd, and of the 18th of Apl. relative to the Embargo, the last respectg. Swedish Vessels; also your letter concerning the Schooner Boyne dated Apl. 22nd. Last Saturday that Schooner sailed for New york, in consequence of a Letter written to Capt. John Wanton by the Governor of this State dated Apl. 30 1794 in which he mentions that the last evening he had received a Letter from the Secretary at War, expressing \u201cthat the case had been under consideration and been determined that said Vessel was not liable to detention at Newport, that therefore she be permitted to proceed upon her Voyage, and that he the Secretary at War was instructed by the President of the United States to request me to give you orders to permit the departure of said Vessel. You will therefore permit said Vessel to depart if by you detained.\u201d The Capt. of the Boyne procured the letter from Capt. Wanton to show to me, and gave me liberty to copy it. I thought this a sufficient warrant for permitting her to depart for New york after taking the necessary bonds. This letter will be accompd. by Abstract of Sea letters for the Quarter endg. with the last March.\nI am \u2003 Sir \u2003 Yr. obedt. servant\nW Ellery Colle\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqe.Secry of Treasury\nPS \u2003 Inclosed is a request of Gibbs & Channing. I have only to mention that the Coffee was shipped not long before the duties would have become due, and to desire to be informed, if it should be permitted to be shipped in another bottom, whether the duties thereon are to be paid prior to its being shipped as requested.\nW Ellery Colle", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0320", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 5 May 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCustom-House,Providence 5th May 1794.\nSir.\nYour Three Letters of the 23 and 24 of April, I received by the last Post.\nAttention shall be paid to your instructions, relative to Sweedish Vessels. I have laid the case of the Two Vessels, which departed contrary to the embargo Act, before the District Attorney, who has promised to give me his Opinion in writing, which shall be transmitted to you. Your request in the Letter of the 24th., was anticipated on that Day, the Pleadings in Mr Arnold\u2019s Cause being then enclosed to you: the Court did not give the Reasons on which the decision was founded.\nI have the Honor to be &c.\nJereh. Olney Collr.\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr.Secy. of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0321", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 5 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Dept. May 5. 1794.\nSir,\nIt appears to be the desire of the writers of the enclosed Letter, that it should be laid before you, for your direction, which I accordingly do. I think the Embargo will operate upon the case, notwithstanding the ultimate destination of the vessel.\nWith perfect respect &c.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0322", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [5 May 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, May 5, 1794]\nMr. Hamilton presents his respects to The President. Mr. Talleyrand De Perigord formerly Bishop D\u2019Autun, who the President is probably informed, lately arrived here informs Mr. Hamilton that he has a letter of Introduction to The President from Lord Landsdown and asks how & when he can present it. Mr. Hamilton promised him to enquire to day\u2014but on account of the President\u2019s deafness this morning did not think it adviseable to trouble him on the subject. If the President by a line will be so good as to enable Mr. Hamilton [to] answer the Inquiry, it will oblige him & Mr. Perigord.\nMonday Morning", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0323", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 6 May 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, May 6, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to request that there may be issued to Tench Francis Esquire a warrant for six thousand Dollars; that sum being stated by Mr. Francis to be immediately necessary to carry on the works for the defence of the Port of Philadelphia.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0324", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 6 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Jay, John\nPhiladelphia May 6. 1794\nMy Dear Sir\nI send you herewith sundry papers and documents, which contain information that may be not useless to you in your mission.\nI had wished to have found liesure to say many things to you but my occupations permit me to offer only a few loose observations.\nWe are both impressed equally strongly with the great importance of a right adjustment of all matters of past controversy and future good understanding with G Britain. Yet important as this object is, it will be better to do nothing than to do any thing which will not stand the test of the severest scrutiny and especially which may be construed into the relinquishment of a substantial right or interest.\nThe object of indemnification for the depredations committed on our Trade in consequence of the instructions of the 6th of November is very near the hearts & feelings of the people of this Country. The proceeding was an atrocious one. It would not answer in this particular to make any arrangement on the mere appearance of Indemnification. If nothing substantial can be agreed upon, it will be best to content yourself with endeavouring to dispose the British Cabinet of their own accord, to go as far as they think fit in reparations leaving the UStates at full liberty to act afterwards as they deem proper. I am however still of opinion that substantial indemnification on the principles of the instruction of January 8th may in the last resort be admissible.\nWhat I have said goes upon the Idea of the affair of indemnification standing alone. If you can effect solid arrangements with regard to the points unexecuted of the Treaty of peace, the question of indemnification may be managed with less rigor and may be still more laxly dealt with if a truly beneficial treaty of Commerce (embracing privileges in the West India Islands) can be established. It will be worth the while of the Government of this Country, in such case, to satisfy, itself & its own citizens, who have suffered.\nThe principle of G Britain is that a neutral nation ought not to be permitted to carry on in time of War a commerce with a Nation at war which it could not carry on with that Nation in time of peace. It is not without importance in this question that the peace system of France allowed our vessels access to her Islands with a variety of our principal staples & allowed us to take from thence some of their products & that by frequent colonial regulations this privilege extended to almost all other articles.\nThe great political & commercial considerations which ought to influence the conduct of G B towards this country was familiar to you. They are strengthened by the increasing acquisitions in the West Indies, if these shall be ultimately confirmed, which seem to create an absolute dependence on us for supply.\nI see not how it can be disputed with you that this Country in a commercial sense is more important to G Britain than any other. The articles she takes from us are certainly precious to her, important perhaps essential to the ordinary subsistence of her Islands\u2014not unimportant to her own subsistence occasionally, always very important to her manufactures, and of real consequence to her revenue. As a Consumer the paper A will shew that we stand unrivalled. We now consume of her exports from a milion to [a] milion & a half Sterling more in value than any other foreign country & while the consumption of other countries from obvious causes is likely to be stationary that of this country is increasing and for a long, long, series of years, will increase rapidly. Our manufactures are no doubt progressive. But our population and means progress so much faster, that our demand for manufactured supply far outgoes the progress of our faculty to manufacture. Nor can this cease to be the case for any calculable period of time.\nHow unwise then in G Britain to suffer such a state of things to remain exposed to the hazard of constant interruption & derangement by not fixing on the basis of a good Treaty the principles on which it should continue?\nAmong the considerations which ought to lead her to a Treaty is the obtaining a renunciation of all pretension of right to sequester or confiscate debts by way of reprisal &c.\u2014though I have no doubt this is the modern law of Nations. Yet the point of right cannot be considered so absolutely settled as not to make it interesting to fix it by Treaty.\nThere is a fact, which has escaped observation in this country (and which as there has existed too much disposition to convulse our Trade, I have not thought it prudent to bring into view) which it is interesting you should be apprised of. An Act of Parliament 27 George 3d Chapter 27 allows foreign European Vessels single decked & not exceeding seventy Tons burthen to carry to certain Ports in the British West Indies particular articles therein enumerated and also to take from thence certain articles.\nThis consequently puts an end to the question of precedent, which is so strongly urged against a departure from The British Navigation Act in our favour; since it gives the precedent of such a departure in favour of others and to our exclusion, a circumstance worthy of particular notice. Our relative situation gives us a stronger plea, for an exception in our favour, than any other Nation can urge.\nIn Paper B the idea of a Treaty of commerce on the footing of the statu quo for a short period (say five years) is brought into view. I should understand this as admissible only in the \u27e8event of a\u27e9 satisfactory arrangement with regard to the points unexecuted of the Treaty of Peace.\nThe Navigation of the Mississippi is to us an object of immense consequence. Besides other considerations connected with it, if the Government of the UStates can procure & secure the enjoyment of it to our Western Country, it will be an infinitely strong link of Union between that Country & the Atlantic States. As its preservation will depend on the naval resources of the Atlantic States the Western country cannot but feel that this essential interest depends on its remaining firmly united with them.\nIf any thing could be done with G Britain to increase our chances for the speedy enjoyment of this right it would be in my judgment a very valuable ingredient in any arrangement you could make. Nor is Britain without a great interest in the Question, if the arrangement shall give to her a participation in that Navigation & a Treaty of Commerce shall admit her advantagously into this large field of commercial adventure.\nMay it not be possible to obtain a Guarantee of our right in this particular from G Britain on the condition of mutual enjoyment & a trade on the same terms as to our Atlantic Ports?\nThis is a delicate subject not well matured in my mind. It is the more delicate as there is at this moment a negotiation pending with Spain, in a position I believe not altogether unpromising, and ill use might be made of any overture or intimation on the subject. Indeed in such a posture of the thing an eventual arrangement only could be proper. I throw out the subject merely that you may contemplate it.\nWith the most fervent wishes for your health comfort & success \u2003 I remain Dr Sr \u2003 Your Affectionate & Obedient ser\nAAA \u2003 But you will discover from your instructions that the opinion which has prevailed is that such a Treaty of commerce ought not to be concluded without previous reference here for further instruction. It is desireable however to push the British Ministry in this respect to a result that the extent of their views may be ascertained.\nJohn Jay Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0326", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [6 May 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, May 6, 1794]\n(Private)\nDear Sir,\nIn answering your note of yesterday, respecting of Mr. Tallayrand de Perigord, I do not hesitate to declare that, I find it difficult to hit upon a line of conduct towards characters, under the description that Gentleman is\u2014Emigrants\u2014that is satisfactory to my own mind; or more properly, that is free from exception, by avoiding what might seem incivility, on one hand, for unpleasant political consequences on the other.\nI can perceive very clearly, that the consequences of receiving these characters into the public Rooms will be, driving the French Minister from them. His visits are much less frequent than they were\u2014and an occurrence on tuesday last (which shall be mentioned when you call here) has left no doubt as to the cause.\nA particular introduction of these Characters (out of the usual course) would, I presume, be more noticed, than the reception of them in public. It has become expedient therefore, in my opinion, that principles should be adopted in these cases (not only for the President, but the Executive Officers also) by which evils may be avoided and uniformity observed.\nWhat these had best be, deserves consideration.\nMy wish is, and it is not less my duty as an officer of the Republic, to avoid offence to powers with whom we are in friendship by conduct towards their proscribed citizens which would be disagreeable to them. Whilst, at the same time, these emigrants, if people of good character, ought to understand that they will be protected in their persons and property, and will be entitled to all the benefits of our laws\u2014for the rest, they must depend upon their own behaviour and the civilities of the Citizens at large, who are less restrained by political considerations, than the Officers of Government must be.\nYours always\nGo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0327", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Meletiah Jordan, 7 May 1794\nFrom: Jordan, Meletiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nFrenchman\u2019s Bay [District of Maine] May 7, 1794. \u201cI beg leave to inform you of the particulars of two seizures made in this District. The first was eleven Grindstones part of a Cargo landed at Mount Desert out of a Nova Scotia vessel contrary to the Revenue Laws from there transported to Union River where they were siezed. The other seizure is a Vessel & Cargo found proceeding to Sea during the Embargo for Nova Scotia without any papers; the particulars of which I will relate.\u2026 A fishing Schooner called the Polly of Mount Desert \u2026 I have \u2026 libelled \u2026 as also the Grindstones. The trial to commence the third Tuesday of June at Portland. If I have not done right you will please to communicate your pleasure on the subject.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0328", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 7 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, May 7th. 1794.\nSir\nI beg leave to inclose to you a letter from Mr. Hammond, of the 6th. instant, which I received this morning. The second paragraph, respecting the vessel, is the only one, which requires to be answered. The subject of this, depending on the knowledge of the facts, which can be best obtained by the Officers under the direction of your department, you will oblige me by taking it up, and after satisfying yourself of the proper step, and communicating it to the President, to notify his determination to Mr. Hammond. I trouble you on this occasion, on account of my immediate departure to meet Mr. Jay, and the urgency of Mr. Hammond.\nI have the honor, Sir, to be \u2003 with respectful esteem \u2003 Yo. mo. ob. servt.\nEdm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0329", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edward Carrington, 8 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Carrington, Edward\n[Philadelphia, May 8, 1794. On May 19, 1794, Carrington wrote to Hamilton: \u201cYours of the 8th. Instant covering a letter for Mr. Augustine Davis the post Master at this place was recd.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0331", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 8 May 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, May 8, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to request, that a warrant may be issued, in the name of Matthew Spillard, for (five) five hundred Dollars, as an advance to him, on a/count of his contracts for supplying Rations to the Troops of the United States at the Post of Philadelphia.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0332", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Augustine Davis, 8 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Davis, Augustine\n[Philadelphia, May 8, 1794. On May 19, 1794, Edward Carrington wrote to Hamilton: \u201cYours of the 8th. Instant covering a letter for Mr. Augustine Davis \u2026 was recd.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0334", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Williams, 8 May 1794\nFrom: Williams, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] May 8, 1794. \u201cThe Act for the erection of a Light House and Lighted Beacon on Hatteras & Shell Castle Island having passed in Congress, representing as I do the District in which these Lights are to be erected, I take the liberty to name to you Mr. Adam Gasgin a suitable Person for the keeping the Light House, this Gentleman lives near the place, is a Representative of Carteret County in the Legislature of N Carolina & a Man of unquestionable integrity.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0335", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 8 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTreasury DepartmentPhiladelphia May 8th 1794.\nGentlemen\nYour letter of the 27th. of December came duly to hand and gave me the agreeable intelligence of your having effected a loan for the United States.\nThis information arrested the progress of the measures I was taking to place in your hands by Remittances from hence a sum equal to the ensuing Installment of the Dutch debt as well as for the payment of Interest up to the first of June inclusively; taking it for granted that you would apply of the monies of the last loan to that purpose, as much as was necessary with what had been already remitted to complete the object.\nI calculate that the remittances heretofore made and announced to you will exceed the sums payable for Interest to the first day of June next inclusively by 126.694 Guilders.\nThis sum will remain for future disposal as shall be found expedient.\nI have instructed the Treasurer of the United States to draw upon you and remit to you a bill payable to yourselves for one Million of Florins; which is to cover a payment out of the fund produced by the last loan of the installment which will become due on the first of June. This circumstance of drawing the bill instead of directing you by letter to apply the sum requisite to that payment has relation [to] considerations of interior arrangement in this Department.\nYou will please to charge this bill in your Account as a payment on account of the loan last obtained and at the same time credit it as a remittance from the Treasurer for the payment of the Installment of the principal of the Dutch debt which falls due on the first of June. These added to your usual entries will correspond with the course of the transaction in the forms of the Treasury.\nThere has been such a press of business for some time past, both on the President and myself, that I am sorry not to be able to say any thing explicit to you on the subject of the charges upon the Loan. The next will convey to you a decision.\nYou will probably before this reaches you, have heard of the depredations committed upon our commerce in the West Indies by British Cruisers in consequence of instructions of the 6th. of November, and of the effects which they produced here. An Embargo, essentially to prevent our Vessels from becoming a prey, which however was extended to foreign Vessels for certain reasons of momentary policy has been the only measure of Government which has grown out of that cause, except that of sending to Great Britain an Envoy extraordinary to arrange the affair on some equitable ground and obviate if the British Cabinet shall be so disposed Sources of future Collision. Peace continues to be decidedly the desire of this Government\u2014and the Cabinet of Great Britain must be very unjust and unreasonable if an interruption of it takes place. In every event we trust that the good understanding between your country and ours will remain undisturbed\u2014towards the preservation of which there is an unfeigned cordiality on our part.\nBut it has become prudent under all the circumstances, to extend our preparations of Military Supply. In this view I request as a favor of you that you will undertake to procure at Amsterdam or elsewhere as it can be done with most certainty advantage and convenience, One Hundred Tons of Salt-Petre and to cause the same to be shipped as soon as may be to the United States to which purpose you may apply any of the funds that shall be in your hands. It is observed by the latest prices current from Amsterdam and London, that the Article was much cheaper at the latter than at the former place. Hamburgh, Gottenburgh and Lisbon have also been mentioned as places from which it may be advantageously extracted. It is my wish that the risks may be divided, by Shipping the Article in different Vessels and that insurance may be made for the full value.\nI should not request this service of you, if it were not in the belief that you may render it without compromising yourselves in any degree towards your Government, with which we cannot entertain an idea of the possibility of a rupture and in the full confidence of your zeal for the Interest of the United States.\nWith great consideration and esteem \u2003 I remain Gentlemen \u2003 Your very obedient servant.\nP. S. The Treasurer has been directed to draw bills upon you for 200,000 florins to be paid out of the proceeds of the last Loan which bills I request may be duly honored.\nMessrs. Wilhem & J. W. & N. & J. V. Staphorst and Hubbard.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0336", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Sharp Delany, 9 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Delany, Sharp\nSir\nIt is suggested to me that some of the officers of the Customs have been concerned in the disorderly proceedings, which lately took place with regard to the schooner Swift Packet. I am therefore to desire that you will make a particular inquiry as to the Persons who were active in the affair, in order that the truth of the above suggestion may be critically ascertained. This is a matter so serious in its nature that I shall rely on your zealous exertion without delay to obtain and communicate the requisite information to me. I hope to hear from you with precision by tomorrow morning ten o\u2019clock. This time, I presume, will not be too short as you have been already engaged in inquiries relative to the transaction.\nI am Sir with consideration & esteem \u2003 Yr obedt Servt\nSharp Delany Esqr Collr.Philada", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0337", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Samuel Hodgdon, 9 May 1794\nFrom: Hodgdon, Samuel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia May 9th, 1794\nSir,\nI attended last evening what is here called a Town-meeting\u2014permit me to give you the following description of it. By six o\u2019Clock about three hundred of the lower class of people were assembled, when for want of more respectable characters Colonel Morgan, Mr. Leiper, Neddy Pole and Mr. Pennington wer called on to preside. The meeting being thus organized, without further ceremony the Moderator, Morgan, handed to the Secretary Pennington, a number of resolutions cut and dried\u2014and asked the Mob whether they should be read, all vociferated yes. The Secretary after making apologies for want of better lungs, read the resolutions (which were lengthy) through. Leiper then came forward to address the rabble, his speech was worthy of such an orator\u2014he attempted to explain, and then bitterly complained of the meditated tobacco and snuff excise as he was taught by the resolution-writer to call the duty. He said the whole fraternity were not able to raise the money, or give the requested security. Pole next came forward to complain of the injuries intended on the Auctioneers, having finished his reading and speech, without one word of debate the question on the resolutions was called for. The Moderator desired to be informed whether they would take them up separately or together, all being satisfied with the debates and fully understanding the merits of the resolutions they agreed to pass them in gross; which was instantly done\u2014and three cheers ended the meeting. The spectators of the farce whom I took to be more than two thirds of the persons present, were distress\u2019d to see with what facility a few demagogues could mislead and abuse an ignorant but harmless people. I shall say nothing of the resolutions more than that they were well wrote, impertinent and insidious; a copy of them was directed to be presented to the President, the Vice President as President of Senate and the Speaker of the house of Representatives.\nWith respect and esteem \u2003 I am Sir, \u2003 Your most obedient servt\nSamuel Hodgdon\nColonel Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0338", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 9 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nPhiladelphia May 9. 1794.\nSir,\nThe enclosed letter from Mr. Hammond of the 6th instant was transmitted to me by the Secretary of State with a request that after satisfying myself of the step proper to be taken, I would communicate it to you & notify your determination to Mr. Hammond.\nThe copy herewith sent of a letter from Mr. Rawle, exhibits the facts, which appear in the case; and reasoning from them, the conclusion is, that the proceeding complained of is as wanton & unprovoked, as it is illegal & disorderly. There is no doubt, that justice to the parties concerned, the maintenance of the Laws and the discouragement of a practice, which attempts an usurpation of the functions of Government and goes in subversion of all order, requires that steps should be seriously taken to bring the offenders to justice.\nIt is the opinion of the Attorney of the District, that the case is not of the cognizance of the Federal Judiciary. Hence it becomes necessary, that it should be referred to the authority of the State. But it appears to be proper, under the special circumstances, that a letter should be written on the part of the President to the Governor of Pennsylvania communicating the case & the complaint of the minister, & calling upon him in earnest terms to cause the proper legal steps to be taken to bring the offenders to Justice, and thereby give security to the parties and repress so exceptionable & disorderly a spirit.\nWith regard to the restoration of the Vessel, in the condition in which she was preceding the trespass; it is not perceived that the nature of the case requires the extraordinary interposition of the Government for that purpose, and the precedent might be an embarrassing one. The vessel is one belonging to Citizens of the United States, employed indeed as is now stated by a british consul, but for the personal accommodation of certain subjects of Great Britain, that is, to convey them to their own Country, nor for a purpose properly governmental. It is not perceived, that this situation sufficiently distinguishes her case from the common one of a Vessel suffering injury by the trespess of unauthorised & lawless individuals, for the redress of which, including indemnification, the ordinary course of law is competent. It is not understood that there exists any impediment to the repossession of the Vessel by her Commander.\nIf these ideas are approved by the President, it will remain to direct the proper communications to the Governor & to the british minister.\nWith perfect respect &c.\nAlexander Hamilton.\nP.S. I will have the honor of waiting on the President between 12 & one o\u2019Clock to know if he has any further commands in the subject.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0339", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Catharine Greene, 10 May 179[4]\nFrom: Greene, Catharine\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nMulberry Grove [Georgia] May 10th 179[4]\nMy Dear Sir\nYour letter dated the 3 Sep 1793 arrivd here 20th of April and the moment I received it, I got into my boat, and hastened to town with all possible Speed, having no person here before whom I could legally swear to the enclosed facts, as nearly as I can recollect them. Judge Pendleton was then in Court; I did not hesitate to send for him and told him the wretched Situation I was in on your account; and after a little raillery he consoled me by telling me that your affair had some time since been Settled very much to your honor and that now my deposition would be of no use\u2014the fact being produced in the public prints only could induce me to delay it a moment.\nI send it therefore now not with an expectation that it will be of the least consequence but only to shew you that I can never be in-grateful to a man whose perfections are the only Sourse of Malicious Calumny\u2014and whose goodness to me will never be forgotten.\nIt is now more than a year since I ordered Mr Ward of New York (my agent there) to pay you the Sum you were so good as to lend me in my distress\u2014and I will thank you to write me one line to let me know if you have received it.\nI am and ever shall be your devoted affectionate and Grateful\nCathe Greene.\nMr Miller has just returned from Augusta and tells me that the money has not been paid according to my order as the certificates which was lodged for that purpose have not been sold\u2014but that he will make other arrangements to have it paid.\nC G", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0340", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Hammond, 10 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hammond, George\nPhiladelphia May 10th 1794\nSir,\nIn consequence of a short absence of the Secretary of State from this city, the prosecution of an inquiry into the affair mentioned in your letter of the 6th instant has been committed to me; and I have it in instruction from the President to communicate to you the result.\nThe facts, as they have appeared upon inquiry, are presented in a report from the Attorney of the district, of which a copy is transmitted with this letter.\nIt is matter of sincere regret, that an irregularity of such a nature should have happened, and especially that it should have implicated in unpleasant circumstances the officers concerned.\nThe opinion of the Attorney of the district being, that the case is not of the cognizance of the federal judiciary, it became proper to address it to the notice of the authority of the State. This the President has caused to be done; and in a manner, which, it is confided, will produce adequate exertions to bring the offenders to justice and to restrain the repetition of similar outrages. Nor is it doubted that the officers in question will find full security during their continuance in this city.\nWith regard to the restoration of the vessel in the condition in which she was prior to the commission of the trespass, by which she has suffered\u2014The President does not think the case is of a nature to require the particular interposition of government for that purpose. A persuasion is entertained that you, Sir, will on farther reflection be sensible that the vessel being merely a private vessel, belonging to a citizen of the United States and though, as you suggest, engaged by the British Consul at Norfolk, yet engaged only for the personal accommodation of individuals and the injury, which she has sustained, having been done by a tumultuous assemblage of unauthorised persons\u2014the case results in a private trespass, to the redress of which, including indemnification, the ordinary course of law is entirely competent. It were to render accidents of this kind too serious to make them objects of special reparation by government.\nIt is understood that the vessel is, or may be at pleasure in the possession of her commander.\nWith great respect and esteem I have the honor to be &c\nAlexander Hamilton\nMr. Hammond.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0344", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [12 May 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, May 12, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President & sends the enclosed for his decision\u2014submitting his opinion that it is not adviseable to grant the permission requested. This case is not precisely within the rule already adopted as a general one.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0345", "content": "Title: Cabinet Meeting. Opinion on Call for Volunteers from Kentucky, 13 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund,Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry,Bradford, William\nTo: \n[Philadelphia] May 13. 1794\nAt a meeting of the heads of the departments and the attorney General, at the house of the President of the United States, the subject of affording an auxiliary force to Major General Wayne for the purpose of enabling him to make a vigorous and offensive campaign against the hostile Indians being considered, it was advised, that he be authorised, to call for two thousand mounted volunteers from Kentucky, for the period of four months, if he should judge the measure expedient.\nAlex Hamilton\nEdm: Randolph\nWm Bradford\nH Knox", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0346", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 13 May 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nColles Offe. Port of Newport [Rhode Island]13th. May 1794\nSir,\nIn compliance with your request I now reply to Capt Wanton\u2019s letter to the President. The Schooner Boyne did not arrive here at 10 o\u2019clock A.M. the first day of April, nor did the Custom house boat bring her Register ashore, and deliver it to the Collector at 4 o\u2019clock P.M. The Inspector, who went on board, declares that She arrived between 12 and 1 o\u2019clock, and that the Captain came ashore with him in the Custom house boat, and the Depy. Colle. declares that the Captain delivered him his Register and Clearance at one o\u2019clock, and that at the opening of the Offe. in the afternoon, upon bond being given, he furnished the Capt. with the necessary papers, and returned his Register. Neither Cap. Wanton nor any other person informed me or any officer of the Customs that the Pilot of the Schooner had said that she intended to sail immediately back to St. Johns; nor do I believe that She had a pilot distinct from the Captain. In the evening after the arrival of the Boyne Capt. Wanton came to my house, and asked me whether I wanted his assistance to stop her. I replied that I did not want any assistance; for that she was not bound to a foreign port, and was cleared out for New york, or words to that purpose. He rose immediately from his Chair, and as he turned to quit the room said I swear I will stop her, and instantly left the house. This to the best of my recollection was all that passed between us. It is not true that I said I wanted none of his Assistance, and that she might go where she pleased. I was perfectly calm and the idea of despising his Assistance was not in my mind. What he has written about his conduct, and that of the gentlemen who offered their service to assist him in bringing the Schooner to the Wharff, and unbinding her sails may be true. The Capt. of her told me that they ran her hard a ground in a dock. As for the approbation the Govr. and Co. gave to his Conduct. The Letter which the Vice-Consul wrote to the Governor on that occasion was read in the House, and the matter referred to him, without the Utterance of a single word of approbation or disapprobation by any one member. This information I have from several members of the Assembly, and from the Surveyor who were all present when the letter was read. I should stop here; but as my Conduct and that of the Officers of the Customs of this Port, hath in other instances besides that of the Boyne been censured by Capt. Wanton I hope I shall be pardoned for making a few remarks on what he has written concerning two vessels which sailed from this harbour since the Embargo, and concerning the Ship from Jamaica which had robbed one of our Vessels &c.\nWith regard to the first I do declare, and the other Offrs are ready to make the same declaration that he never informed me or them, that either of those vessels had shipped a new hand, and more, that neither of us had any conversation with him relative to them. It is true they had their papers for they could not have returned to Providence without them. With regard to the last, he says that he offered his service in the same way the last summer, when the Ship from Jamaica ran away &c., but he was informed it was none of his business, they wanted none of his assistance. He never offered his Assistance to the Custom house in the case of the Catherine William J. Davis master, and of course he never received such an answer from either of the Officers. Indeed the business of that Ship was in the hands of the District Judge and District Attorney. Perhaps he might intend, that he had offered his service to them and that they had given him the rough answer he complains of.\nThe District Judge informs me that he had no conversation with him respecting that Ship until she had departed, and the District Atty. was so ill that he conversed only with his particular friends when that affair was in agitation.\nCapt. Wantons views in writing the letter referred to have not I am sure escaped the discernment of the President.\nHowever questionably he has rendered his character for veracity yet I verily believe he wishes to serve his country, and that an appointment to the command of the fortifications to be erected in this Port would effectually cure his injured feelings; but I should be exceedingly mistaken if such an Appointment did not deeply wound the feelings of every respectable character in this Town. If it should be thought that an unjust prejudice or resentment may have dictated this reply I should wish to appeal for the character of Capt. Wanton to our Representatives in Congress. With great consideration\nI have the honor to be Sir, yr. most obedt. servt.\nW Ellery\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqe.Secry of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0347", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 13 May 1794\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Amsterdam] 13 May 1794.\nDuplicate\nSir!\nConfirming our last respects of 2 Instant, We have now but to advise receipt from the Treasurer of the United States of a Bill drawn upon us by the President of the Bank of the United States for Hd. Cy. f 590,000. which We place to the Credit of the United States.\nWe acquainted You under date of 24 Februy. that the Bill no. 463 of the Bank of the United States on us to order of Saml. Meredith Esqr. Treasurer of the U. S. had not then reached us: It has not since come to our hands, wherefore We request You to desire the Treasurer to remit us the Third or Fourth of said Draft.\nWe are respectfully \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most ob. hb. Servts\nWilhem & Jan WillinkN & J. Van Staphorst & Hubbard\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0348", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 14 May 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, May 14, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to request of you a warrant for forty thousand Dollars in favor of Tench Francis Esquire Agent &c. to be applied towards the purchases of the objects in the two Estimates No 1 & 2 of the Secrety of War, contained in his letter to you of the 12th. of April last.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0349", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Hammond, 14 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hammond, George\nPhiladelphia May 14. 1794\nSir\nI did not receive till this Morning your letter of the 12th instant. As the Secretary of State is now returned to the seat of Government, it is only necessary for me to refer that letter to him, in order that he may reply to such part of it as requires a reply, which I have accordingly done. With respect\nI have the honor to be Sir \u2003 Your most Obed & humble serv\nHis ExcellyGeorge Hammond Esqr&c", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0350", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 14 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\nPhiladelphia, May 14, 1794. \u201cThe inclosed papers will inform you of the present state of the affair which in your absence you committed to me, respecting the Swift Packet.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0351", "content": "Title: George Washington to Alexander Hamilton and Edmund Randolph, 14 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander,Randolph, Edmund\nPhiladelphia, May 14, 1794. \u201cConsider, attentively, the Memorial of Walter Stewart, David H. Conyngham, Joseph Gilpin and J Grubb (with the papers accompanying it, in behalf of themselves & others) and report to me your opinions thereupon.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0352", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] May 15, 1794. Encloses \u201ca letter from mr. Fauchet requesting a passport for a vessel charged with his dispatches.\u201d Requests \u201cthe Secretary to order one to issue as soon as he possibly can.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0354", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department, May 15, 1794. Transmits \u201cfor the President\u2019s signature, the draft of a passport upon application from the French Minister.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0355", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Richard Harison, 16 May 1794\nFrom: Harison, Richard\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York 16th: May 1794\nDr Sir,\nPermit me to call your Attention to the present State of the Laws for mitigating or remitting Forfeitures or Penalties. The first Act upon this Subject was passed the 26th. of May 1790 and has been continued by the Legislature. It extends only to such as arise under the Laws for collecting Duties of Impost and Tonnage and for regulating the Coasting Trade. Hence it was supposed necessary when the Excise Law was passed in 1791 to make a particular Provision with Relation to Penalties and Forfeitures accruing in Consequence of it. This Provision was limited to one Year after the last Day of June then next, and I do not find that it has ever been continued. With Regard, therefore, to all the Forfeitures and Penalties under the Excise Laws, there appears to be no existing Provision of the Nature originally contemplated for remitting or mitigating them. How far this Omission has been accidental I am unable to determine, and I must submit to your Judgment the Propriety of remedying it in future, if it shall be judged adviseable.\nOur Friend Lawrance appears very much pleased with his new Appointment. The Chancellor\u2019s would have given great Satisfaction to many of his Well Wishers; and it would not be disagreeable if the Appointment should be transferred to some Character equally meritorious.\nAccept my sincere Respects and best Wishes and believe me Dr Sir\never your\u2019s\nRich: Harison\nHon. Alexr. Hamilton Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0356", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 16 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] May 16th. 1794\nDear sir\nThis day the bill which was drawn upon you by Fulwar Skipwith for supplies to our sailors in the west Indies becomes due. The President has agreed to pay it out of his contingent fund, whensoever it shall be replenished. As I am the responsible person for this draft, and Mr. Skipwith has informed me of his distress for money; you will oblige me by letting me have nine hundred dollars, to be accounted for out of the President\u2019s contingent fund. With this sum, I will take up the bill, and whatever remains shall be applied to Skipwith\u2019s further demand; which will not even then be wholly discharged.\nI am dear Sir, &c.\nEdm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0359", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Willing, 16 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Willing, Thomas\nTreasury Department, May 16, 1794. \u201cI request that the Bank will advance to the Secretary of State Nine hundred Dollars towards defraying certain expences which have occurred in the West Indies in relation to the public service.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0360", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 17 May 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston, May 17, 1794. \u201c\u2026 By the inclosed you will see that we have made a different estimate of the value of Livres from the estimate in Philadelphia. This creates discontent among the Merchants here and makes it necessary for me to lay the matter before you for your direction.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0361", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Gouverneur Morris, 18 May 1794\nFrom: Morris, Gouverneur\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nSainport [France] 18. May 1794.\nMy dear Sir\nIn the list I sent you of payments made by our Bankers here I did not include the Sum of bf. 5997. paid by the Bankers at Amsterdam on the 12. April 1793 and which at the then agio of 1\u00bd p % amounted to f. 6086.19. as you will find by their account being for No. 26. in your list sent me amounting to livres 13327.14.10 equal to Dollars 2468. 1.\nThe party to whom this payment was made writes me thus on the 18. of last month. \u201caccording to your advice I have wrote by duplicate in Sepr. last to Mr. Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury for the payment of the principal Sum due to me upon Certificate of Congress. I wrote again in January and lastly in the beginning of march. To all these I have had no answer and cannot imagine what can be the Reasons of it unless perhaps the answer should have been directed to you. Be so obliging I pray you Sir as to let me know if you have heard any thing of that affair since the Time of our Correspondence last year. You know that I have lost my Certificate but that is no Reason I hope why I should lose the money also.\u201d This letter which was forwarded by Mr. Pinckney I have just received and shall reply thro him that I am persuaded the letters to you or your answers must have miscarried.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0362", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edward Carrington, 19 May 1794\nFrom: Carrington, Edward\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nDistrict of Virga. RichmondMay 19. 1794\nSir,\nYours of the 8th. Instant covering a letter for Mr. Augustine Davis the post Master at this place was recd. two posts ago, and was instantly delivered to himself by my own hands.\nYours of the same date directing that the Expences incurred in forwarding your letters of the 26th March & 18th April to sundry Collectors of the Customs in this district, are to constitute charges against the public has also been received. I do not however understand you that I am, in the present situation of the Vouchers, to debit the amount in my Revenue Accounts, but that my Acct. for the expenditures is to be specially audited & passed at the Treasury, as that of any other individual would, for a like service. You will therefore receive inclosed the Acct. with the Necessary Vouchers.\nHaving, in mine of the 18th of March, made you a communication concerning the requisition of Mr. Hopkins for about 15000 dols. for the Int. of the public debt becoming due on the 1st apl. it occurs now that it is at least not improper, to inform you, that he afterwards reduced the requisition to 11400. This now has been for some time paid, and you will no longer consider the sums appearing on my weekly reports, as destined to that demand.\nI am very respectfully \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Ob st\nEd CarringtonSupr D.V.\nA. Hamilton Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0363", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Isaac Holmes, 19 May 1794\nFrom: Holmes, Isaac\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Charleston, South Carolina, May 19, 1794. On June 17, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Holmes: \u201cI have received your letter of the 19th of may with its inclosures.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0364", "content": "Title: List of Names From Whence to Take a Minister for France, [19 May 1794]\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, May 19, 1794]\nGeorgia\nNathaniel Pendleton (District Judge)\nBaldwin\nS Carolina\nJ Rutlege\nE Rutlege\nCC Pinkney\nPinkney (late Governor)\nNorth Carolina\nVirginia\nT. Jefferson\nJ Madison\nMc. Clurgh\nPrinciples as to FR unknown\nJ Marshall\nE Randolph\nHenry Lee\nMaryland\nGovernor Johnson\nditto\nJames McHenry\nSyms Lee\nDelaware\nPaca\nPennsylvania\nThomas Mifflin\nW. Bingham\nFranklin (absent)\nBradford (Atty General)\nIngersol\nNew Jersey\nNew York\nG. Clinton\nConnecticut\nHumphreys\nMassachusetts\nN Hampshire\nCharles Jarvis\nJames Sullivan\nE Gerry", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0365", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 20 May 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, May 20, 1794. Requests \u201ca Warrant for eight hundred Dollars for the purpose of paying the balance due to the Coppersmith for his work on the Bald head Lantern, and to make a further payment to the Blacksmith.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0366", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Daves, 20 May 1794\nFrom: Daves, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew Bern [North Carolina] May 20, 1794. \u201cAgreeable to your letter dated April 3rd. I have appointed John Wallace Agent for Imploying workmen supplying materials &c for the fortifications to be erected at Ocacoke.\u2026", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0368", "content": "Title: Account with Denis F. Donnant, [23 May 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Donnant, Denis F.\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, May 23, 1794]\nMr. Hamilton Dr. to Denis f Donnant from the 17th february 1794. Philadelphia.\n2 monts & better tuition  of the french language\n6 dol.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0369", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 23 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] May 23, 1794. \u201cPay to the Director of the Mint of the U. States, four hundred dollars; to be applied to the purposes of that Establishment.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0370", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 23 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\n[Philadelphia, May 23, 1794. On July 15, 1794, Willink, Van Staphorst, and Hubbard wrote to Hamilton: \u201cWe have received your esteemed favor of 23 May.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0372", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 24 May 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, May 24, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to communicate to you an offer to build a house for the keeper of the Light house on Plumb Island.\u2026 I have no particular grounds on which to form an opinion of the reasonableness of these proposals, except that Genl Lincoln has not expressed any opinion unfavorable to them.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0373", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [24 May 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, May 24, 1794]\nThe Secretary of State informs me, that as the intercourse with Europe will be opened on Monday it is expedient that an arrangement should be made concerning the million of dollars directed to be borrowed for foreign purposes. I wish therefore to know, whether any steps have been taken upon the subject; and if not, that the loan should be set on foot in order that a proper disposition may be made of the money.\nPhiladelphia the 24 May 1794.Go. Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0374", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 26 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Otho H.\n[Philadelphia, May 26, 1794. On June 5, 1794, Williams wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI can \u2026 answer your letter of the 26th Ultimo.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0375", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Wray, 26 May 1794\nFrom: Wray, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Hampton, Virginia, May 26, 1794. On June 24, 1794, Hamilton wrote to George Washington and referred to \u201cThe inclosed Letter from the Collector of Hampton of the 26th. of May.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0376-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Jean Antoine Joseph Fauchet to Edmund Randolph, [25 May 1794]\nFrom: Fauchet, Jean Antoine Joseph\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\nPhiladelphie, le 6 Prairial, l\u2019an 2me. &c &c.\nJe Suis charg\u00e9 par le Conseil Ex\u00e9cutif de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise de notifier au Gouvernement des Etats-unis, le d\u00e9cr\u00e9t de la Convention Nationale dont j\u2019ai l\u2019honneur de joindre ici copie. Ce d\u00e9cr\u00e9t en conservant \u00e0 nos vaisseaux le Pavillon tricolor, n\u2019a fait qu\u2019en chasser l\u2019alliage de Monarchie qu\u2019on y avait lain\u00e9 Subsister; ces restes d\u2019un r\u00e9gime honteux ne m\u00e9ritent plus de d\u00e9parer par leur voisinage le Signe de notre r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration.\nJe vous prie, Monsieur, de donner les ordres n\u00e9cessaires pour que ce nouveau Pavillon Soit reconnu dans vos parts.\nJh. Fauchet", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0378", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Seton, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Seton, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[New York, May 27, 1794. On June 16, 1794, Seton wrote to Hamilton: \u201cOn the 27 & 28th of last month I took the liberty of writing you an official and private Letter.\u201d Letter of May 27 not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0379", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Collectors of the Customs of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Collectors of the Customs of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York\nTreasury Department, May 27, 1794\nSir\nIn conformity with the opinion of the Attorney General I have to inform you that the addition of 20 \u214c Cent made to the allowance to Fishing Vessels by the act of May 2nd 1792 is to extend as well to the limitation of 170 Dollars contained in the act of the 16th of February preceeding as to the specific rates of allowance, that is to say, the limitation is now Two hundred and four Dollars instead of one hundred and seventy Dollars.\nA temporary absence of the Comptroller occasions the direct communication of the above opinion from this office.\nWith consideration", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0381", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Departmt. May 27. 1794.\nSir,\nIn answer to the enquiry you have been pleased to make, I have the honor to inform you that nothing has been yet done upon the first section of the Act of the 20th of March last, which appropriates a million of dollars, to defray any expenses that may be incurred in relation to the intercourse between the United States and foreign nations; authorising the President if necessary to borrow the whole or any part of that sum.\nI should before this have brought that subject under the consideration of the President, but for the following reasons\u2014\nThe Act directs that the sum in question shall be paid out of any monies which may be in the Treasury, not otherwise appropriated\u2014but refers to no time as the criterion of such unappropriated monies. To understand monies as synonimous with funds, which was no doubt meant, as has been the frequent language of appropriation Laws\u2014and to attach the appropriation upon the funds, which at the time of passing the Act were not otherwise appropriated, would materially endanger the adequateness of the funds for satisfying the appropriations for the War Department for the present year, which happens to have received the signature of the President one day later.\nTo act therefore upon the law in this sense would essentially embarrass that more urgent part of the public service which respects our military operations & would no doubt contravene the intention of the Legislature.\nIt is well understood, that this intention was to postpone the object in question to a future provision, & accordingly the Committee of ways and means have had a special reference to it in the new taxes proposed.\nTo construe the law according to this intention, it is necessary to wait for such further provision\u2014for there would be no fund that could be relied upon as the basis of the loan to be obtained.\nWhen this provision shall be made, it will remain for the President to determine, whether he will upon contingency incur the expense to the United states of borrowing the entire sum at once, or whether he will subdivide it, or wait a further development of circumstances respecting the probability of a call for the money before any operation is made.\nBut though I could not recommend an attempt to borrow the entire sum as the business is now situated; yet if there be any particular call for a part of it I presume arrangements may be adopted which will procure it.\nWith perfect respect &c.\nAlex. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0383", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Nourse, 28 May 1794\nFrom: Nourse, Joseph\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Register\u2019s Office, May 28, 1794. \u201cI \u2026 Enclose the papers you directed me to prepare vizt. An Estimate for an additional Appropriation, And A statement of the payments made from the fund of 10.000 Dollars granted by Act of the 26 March 1790 for the Contingent Expences of Government.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0386", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jean Antoine Joseph Fauchet, (29 May 1794)\nFrom: Fauchet, Jean Antoine Joseph\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhilade. Le 10 Pr\u00e8r\u00e9al l\u2019an 3ede la rep. (29 mai 1794)\nMonsieur.\nUn n\u00e9gociant fran\u00e7ais charg\u00e9 dans les Etats Unis d\u2019op\u00e9rations commerciales pour le compte de la Republique, se trouve avoir pour environ 400,000 livres tournois de pi\u00e8ces d\u2019argent de 30 et de 15 sols. La Banque de Baltimore, se refuse \u00e0 les lui \u00e9changer par la raison qu\u2019une telle affluence de pi\u00e8ces \u00e9trangeres de titre nouveau et de coupe nouvelle, serait incommode au Public. Il n\u2019y a d\u2019autre moyen de tirer parti de ces pi\u00e8ces que de les Envoyer \u00e0 la Monnoye des E.U. Je vous prie de m\u2019indiquer quelle est la plus prompte marche \u00e0 suivre, et si vous pouvies ouvrir provisoirement un credit pour la m\u00eame valeur au Cn. Gernon, sur la Banque qui ci Baltimore est li\u00e9e d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats avec les Etats Unis. J\u2019ai assur\u00e9 d\u2019avance le Citoyen Gernon du succ\u00e8s de ma d\u00e9marche aupr\u00e8s de vous, et je serai tr\u00e8s reconnaissant si vous voules bien terminer les arrangemens \u00e0 prendre de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que par le courrier de lundi, je lui fasse parvenir le cr\u00e9dit qu\u2019il desire et qui lui est necessaire pour terminer promptement des op\u00e9rations majeures.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0387", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [29 May 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, May 29, 1794]\nSir,\nAs the million of dollars, granted by the Act of the 20th of march, last, was certainly for the objects in Algiers, I was anxious that some steps should be taken concerning the money. But as you represent in your letter of the 27th instant, that this cannot be done yet, you will inform me when you shall find that it can be done; and in the mean time, I wish to know, whether some provisions could not be made for borrowing it if an opening should hereafter appear for a treaty with Algiers, and for the redemption of our unhappy fellow-citizens there.\nPhilada. 29. May 1794\nGeo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0389", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [29 May 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, May 29, 1794]\nSir,\nThe communication, which you made to me sometime ago, of your intention to resign, and to which you refer in your letter of the 27th. instant (received yesterday afternoon) I always considered as depending upon events.\nOf course nothing has been done by me to render your continuance in office inconvenient or ineligible. On the contrary, I am pleased that you have determined to remain at your Post until the clouds over our affairs, which have come on so fast of late, shall be dispersed.\nPhiladelphia May 29th. 1794Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0391", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jean Antoine Joseph Fauchet, 31 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Fauchet, Jean Antoine Joseph\nTreasury DepartmentMay 31st 1794\nSir\nThe sum of 400,000 livres tournois mentioned in the letter which you have done me the honor to write me, is more considerable than I understood it to be, when you spoke of it to me personally the other day.\nAll that is legally in my power concerning it is to facilitate its reception and exchange at the Mint. If it shall be sent to Philadelphia and deposited at the Mint, there shall be an option either to receive immediately the equivalent in current money, with a deduction of one half per Cent, or to receive back the proceeds in coin weight for weight of fine silver, which it is calculated may be ready at the end of seven or Eight weeks.\nI do not command the necessary sum of money on public account at Baltimore to establish there the credit which is desired, and it is not in the course of the operations of the Bank to furnish such a credit. But the expedient pointed out will in a short time produce the effect desired.\nWith respect I have the honor to be Sir \u2003 Your obedient humble servant.\nAlex Hamilton\nThe Minister Plenipotentiaryof the French Republic.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0392", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 31 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, May 31, 1794. \u201cI do myself the honor of inclosing to you Mr. Rittenhouse\u2019s answer upon the coinage of the French Silver. You know the state of the Treasury, and can better judge, whether the advance of the money can be injurious to our own calls. If not, I conceive it to be too small a favor to hesitate about.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0393", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 31 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\nTreasury Department, May 31. 1794.\nSir\nPursuant to the arrangement agreed upon between us in conversation I have instructed the Treasurer to remit to Mr. Pinckney bills for 60,449 current guilders and 8 Stivers being according to the computed par of Exchange the amount of the sum allowed to Major General La Fayette by the Act of Congress of the 27th of March 1794. These bills are drawn upon our Commissioners at Amsterdam and will be forwarded to Mr. Pinckney in triplicates by the earliest opportunities.\nIt will remain for you to instruct him concerning the application of them to the use of Mons. La Fayette.\nYou will recollect that this being the whole amount of what is allowed, it is requisite to replace out of the Bills the sums which have been heretofore advanced for the use of that Gentleman. As far as I am informed, these sums have been furnished by our Commissioners upon the orders of Mr. Governeur Morris and Mr. Pinckney.\nMr. Pinckney ought therefore so to order the matter as that the Commissioners may retain out of the bills now remitted a sufficient sum to reimburse former advances crediting the proper account to which those advances may have been carried with the sum retained to replace them. This is necessary towards giving the business its due course in the forms of this Department.\nYou will please also to request Mr. Pinckney to forward by triplicates an acknowledgment of the bills according to the form at foot.\nWith respect & esteem \u2003 I am, Sir, \u2003 Your Obedt. Servt.\nAlexander Hamilton\nReceived London of Samuel Meredith Esquire Treasurer the sum of Twenty four thousand four hundred and twenty four Dollars in bills upon Messrs. Wilhem & Jan Willink & Nicholas & Jacob van Staphorst & Hubbard for sixty thousand four hundred forty nine current Guilders and eight Stivers being for the use of Major General La Fayette.\nThe Secretary of State", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0394", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the Directors of the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures, May\u2013June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Directors of the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures\n[Philadelphia, May\u2013June, 1794. The minutes for the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures for July 1, 1794, read as follows: \u201cUpon reading a letter from Alexr Hamilton Esqr stating that a Suit had been commenced against him by Mr J Mort on account of some Engagement that he had entered into on behalf of the Society, Resolved that the Deputy Governour be authorised to defend the said Suit & Substitute the Society as Defendant in the place of the said Alexander Hamilton if any Arrangements can be made for that purpose.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0395", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 2 June 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNewport [Rhode Island] June 2, 1794. \u201cIn my letter to you of the 5th. of May last I Inclosed a letter of request to me from Gibbs & Channing and now inclose a similar application from Thomas Dennis. These Gentlemen wish you would favour me with as early a reply as possible. Their cases are alike.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0397", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jeremiah Olney, 2 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Olney, Jeremiah\nTreasury DepartmentJune 2d. 1794\nSir\nAn application has been made to me on behalf of Messrs. Philip & Zach Allen of Providence for some document in lieu of a Register to authenticate their property in the Ship Abigail now in that Port and bound for the East Indies. It is represented that she is a French bottom which has been purchased by them since the commencement of the present war. My answer has been that sea-letters might be obtained upon application to you and due proof of property. Those you are competent to grant pursuant to your instructions of the 20th of May 1793 and they are the only documents which the Government can give; though I entertain a serious doubt whether any thing will cover a vessel purchased of a belligerent party after the commencement of a War, a doubt which I have no objection to its being mentioned to the parties concerned.\nWith consideration & esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obedient serv\nA Hamilton\nP.S. It may be of some use to have the proofs of property given by the Owners made out formally & certified by you as the basis of the sea letters. To this I have no objection if desired.\nThe Collector of Providence", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0398", "content": "Title: Report on Abstract of Exports for One Year Ending September 30, 1793, 2 June 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\nTreasury DepartmentJune 2d 1794.[Communicated on june 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nSir,\nI have the honor to transmit herewith for the information of the House of Representatives, a general Abstract of the Exports of the United States for one Year, ending on the 30th of September, 1793. Annexed thereto are two summary Statements for the same period; the first exhibiting the Value of the Exports from each State, and the second presenting a View of the exportation to all the foreign Dominions, with whom the United States, maintain a commercial intercourse.\nWith perfect respect \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir, your most obedient Servant\nA: Hamilton\nThe HonorableThe Speaker of the House of Representatives.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0399-0001", "content": "Title: Report on Sums for Which a Further Appropriation Is Requisite, [2 June 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander,Nourse, Joseph\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, June 2, 1794Communicated on June 3, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury respectfully reports to the House of Representatives.\nAn Estimate of certain Sums amounting together to Seven hundred and fifteen thousand, Six hundred and ten dollars and 87 Cents, for which a further Appropriation is requisite.\nThe Appropriations already made leave no reliance on any funds for that purpose except those which may arise from such additional revenues as shall have been established during the present Session of Congress, and it is essential that power should be given to anticipate their product by Loan.\nThe Secretary adds a Statement of the Application, as far as it has proceeded, of the Sum of 10,000 dollars appropriated under the direction of the President, for defraying the contingent Charges of Government, under an Act of the 26th. of March 1790.\nThere is a further Charge upon this fund which will absorb a considerable part of the residue, which, not having been adjusted at the Treasury, does not appear in the Statement.\nIt remains for the consideration of the House, whether a similar provision of a further Sum is not adviseable, and whether an extension of the Scale may not be recommended by the present posture of Affairs.\nAll which is respectfully submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasury\nTreasury DepartmentJune 2nd 1794.\nAn Estimate of the Sums which require to be appropriated in Addition to those provided for during the present Session.\nTo carry into Effect the Act to provide a Naval Armament.\nFor the Cost of the Armament to be provided including Six Months Stores and provisions, and three Months pay to the Officers and Seamen as estimated by the Committee of the House of Representatives for a Naval force of 216 guns\nAs the Act provides for 248 Guns, the proportionate Increase is added of\nFor the payment of Lieut. Colo. Tousard, in pursuance of the Act allowing him an equivalent for his Pension for Life\nFor the Salary of the Officer to be employed (under the direction of the Department of War) to superintend the receiving, safe keeping and Distribution of the Military Stores of the United States, \u214c Act passed 2nd. April 1794\u2014Estimate for Seven Months at 125 Dollars \u214c Month\nThe Secretary of State estimates in addition for his Department for the Year 1794 For Office Rent from 15th. May 1794, inclusive\nFor one Clerk at 500 dollars \u214c Annum, from 23d. April 1794, inclusive\nThe Secretary of War estimates\nFor the payment of Capt: John Ingliss of the late North Carolina Line, his Subsistence from 1st January 1782 to 30th April 1783\nFor defraying the Expenses of the several Loan Offices, for Stationary and Clerk hire for the Year 1794\nThe Act making Appropriations for the Support of Government for the Year 1794 provides \u201cfor defraying the Expenses of the several Loan Offices, for Stationary and Clerk hire, from 1st March to 31st. December 1793, being for a period of ten Months the Sum of 17,377 75/100 Dollars.\u201d\nUpon an Estimate for 12 Months vizt.\u2014From 1st. January 1794 to 31st. December following there would be required\nThe Clerk of the House of Representatives estimates\nFor the payment of the Assistant Doorkeeper and for the Services of the Clerk employed by the Committee of Enquiry, And also for Extra Service of a Clerk in his Office\nDollars\nTreasury Department.Register\u2019s Office. 28th May 1794.\nJoseph Nourse Regr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0399-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Appropriation of Ten Thosand Dollars for the Purpose of Defraying the Contingent Charges of Government, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Nourse, Joseph\nTo: \nAppropriation Of Ten Thousand Dollars for the Purpose of Defraying the Contingent  Charges of Government, by the Act of 26. March 1790.\nDr.\nCr.\u2007\u2007\nJanuy. 3d.\nTo Warrant No. 3322 in favor of Bartholemew Dandridge being for so much paid by Edward Carrington to Andrew Beedles for carrying a Packet of Dispatches from the President of the United States to Mr. Jefferson, 16th. October 1793\nDecemr. 31.\nBy Balance unexpended as \u214c certified Account rendered under this date, and lay\u2019d before Congress\nFeby. 11.\nTo Warrant No. 3402 in favor of James Crawford, Assignee of John Halsey Assignee of Jacob Dohrman and Company Agents for Edward Church, being the Amount of a Bill of Exchange, Lisbon 19th. October 1793, drawn by Edward Church on the Secretary of State for the United States in favour of Jacob Dohrman and Company, for one hundred and fifty Pounds Sterling at the current Exchange upon London at the day of Acceptance and which the President of the United States has ordered to be paid out of the fund appropriated for the contingent expenses of Government, the rate of Exchange having been first ascertained to be 176 \u214c cent at the time of Acceptance\nMarch 7.\nTo Warrant No. 3447, in favour of Francis Malbone, Attorney for Edward Trowbridge Ellery, Clerk of the District and Circuit Courts in the District of Rhode-Island, for Eighteen Dollars and 66/100, being for a Screw press and frame procured by the said Clerk for the Use of the District and Circuit Courts in the District of Rhode Island, and which is to be paid out of the fund &ca.\nApril 16.\nTo Warrant No. 3593, in favour of Nathaniel C. Higginson, Agent appointed by the President of the United States, to proceed to the British West India Islands &ca\nMay 27.\nTo Balance unexpended subject to the Orders of the President of the United States\nDollars\nDollars\nBy Balance unexpended, subject to the Orders of the President of the United States Drs. Drs.\nThe said balance will be required to discharge an Account of Expences incurred by the Cutter which was dispatched by the President of the United States to Europe.\nTreasury DepartmentRegister\u2019s Office, 27th. May 1794.Joseph Nourse Regr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0400", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 2 June 1794\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nAmsterdam 2 June 1794\nSir!\nWe had the pleasure to address you the 13 Ultimo, and are since deprived of your esteemed favors.\nThe Draft of the Bank of the United States upon us No. 463 to the order of Sl. Meredith Esq. Treasurer f. 100000.\u2013.\u2013 has reached us, and been placed to the Credit of the United\u2013States, whose Account Current with us up to 31 May last, You have inclosed; The Balance thereon due by us Holld. Cy. f 1442654.17.8 We transfer to their credit in a new Account.\nWe have the pleasure to announce you, that we have pushed the undertaking for the Loan of\n1 January last, so far as\u2014\nAnd thus there remain unengaged, but\nTo compleat the whole Sum of\u2014\nWe cannot help reverting with inexpressible Satisfaction, to the Resolution We took to launch this Loan upon the Market, at the only critical Moment success could have attended it, while that Success has been so necessary, to insure the punctual Discharge of the Engagements of the United States in Holland for some time to come, at a Period when Circumstances do not justify our holding out to you, any hopes of succeeding soon to effect a New Negotiation, and that it may become difficult with you, to make in time and securely, the needful Remittances, to preserve here unsullied, the needful Remittances, to preserve here unsullied, the Credit of your Government.\nWe are respectfully Sir! \u2003 Your most obedient and humble Servants\nWilhem & Jan WillinkN & J. Van Staphorst & Hubbard\nTriplicate\nAlexander Hamilton Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0401", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Halsted, 3 June 1794\nFrom: Halsted, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Perth Amboy, New Jersey, June 3, 1794. On June 19, 1794, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., wrote to Halsted: \u201cYour Letter of the 3d. instant has been by the Secy of the Treasury referred to this office.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0402", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, June 4, 1794. States that \u201cthe business of live Oak and cedar is in a state of maturity for decision.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0403", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, June 4, 1794. \u201cThe enclosed contract between Wm. Allibone and M: Vanduzen is transmitted for the purpose of submission to the President. I am satisfied that a more favorable contract cannot be effected, with a workman equally to be relied on for fidelity, care & ability.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0404", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Jay, John\nPhiladelphia June 4th1794\nMy Dear Sir\nThe session of Congress is about to close much better than I expected. All mischievous measures have been prevented and several good ones have been established. Among these additional provisions of revenue & some of force are not the least important.\nBut as more immediately connected with the objects of your mission you will learn with satisfaction that the bill which had passed the senate before you left this for punishing and preventing practices contrary to neutrality has become a law, with only one material alteration, the rejection of the clause which forbade the selling of prizes. I now consider the Executive and the Judiciary as armed with adequate means of repressing the fitting out of Privateers, the taking commissions, or inlisting in foreign service, the unauthorised undertaking of military expeditions &c.\nAt Charlestown some considerable irregularities have lately happened. But means have been taken and are in train which will no doubt arrest their progress & correct the evil.\nI believe it would be useful for you to collect and communicate exact information with regard to the usage of Europe as to permitting the sale of prizes in neutral countries. If this should be clearly against the toleration of the practice, the Executive might still perhaps disembarrass itself.\nMen\u2019s minds have gotten over the irritation by which they were some time since possessed, and if G Britain is disposed to justice peace and conciliation the two countries may still arrive at a better understanding than has for some time subsisted between them. Is there not a crisis which she ought not to suffer to pass without laying a solid foundation for future harmony? I think there is. Adieu My Dear Sir. Not knowing how far any press of business on the Department of State might delay its communicating I thought a few hasty lines would not be unacceptable.\nYrs truly\nA Hamilton\nJohn Jay Esqr. Chief Justice", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0405", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Pinckney, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Pinckney, Thomas\n(Private)\nPhiladelphia June 4th. 1794.\nMy dear Sir,\nThe Secretary of State will have informed you of a Remittance lately made to you by the Treasurer for the Use of the Marquis La Fayette.\nWhile it is not doubted that you will use all due Circumspection to guard against its Misapplication, I think it proper to mention to you that in Consideration of the Difficulties which may attend the peculiar Situation of the Marquis, the Treasury will be disposed to make due Allowances for Relaxations in the ordinary and strict course of proceeding. Mrs. Hamilton joins in best Wishes for Mrs. P. yourself and Family.\nBelieve me always with the truest Esteem and Regard \u2003 Dr Sir, Your obedt. Servt.\nA. Hamilton\nPS. \u2003 This will be delivered to you by Mr. Cadignan whose Zeal for the Service of the Marquis makes him a second time cross the Atlantic.\n_____ Pinckney Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0406", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jeremiah Wadsworth, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Wadsworth, Jeremiah\nPhiladelphia June 4th1794\nDear Sir\nA press of business has prevented my replying sooner to your late letter on the subject of certain concerns between Mr. Church & yourself.\nYour arrangement with Governor Mifflin appears to me in every sense prudent and proper.\nIt certainly will be adviseable by the additional loan you mention to Mr. Seymour to secure the debt he now owes to Mr. Church & yourself by a mortgage if one cannot be obtained from him without it and if the security is competent to the whole. In this and in other cases in which a mortgage is necessary I approve of the idea of its being taken in your name; but it will be well for you to notify me by a line of the several cases in which that shall be done.\nWith true esteem & affection \u2003 Yrs. always,\nA Hamilton\nJeremiah Wadsworth Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0408", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Dept. June 4th. 1794.\nSir,\nUpon receipt of the communication to you from the Governor of Pennsylvania of the 18 of April last, I put that letter and the papers attending it into the hands of the Commissioner of the Revenue to examine into the suggestions made & report to me concerning them.\nThe result is contained in a letter from that Officer dated the 25 of April, (which hurry of business put out of sight) and which is now communicated only for the information of the President, as the case does not seem to require any particular reply to the Governor, nor any act upon the subject\u2014and the exhibition to him of the picture, which I believe is justly drawn of the conduct of Mr. Addison & others, would perhaps only excite useless irritation.\nThe removal of either of the officers objected to, after the persecution they have suffered and the perseverance they have displayed, would be a hazardous step\u2014and a suspicion is warranted by the conduct of the parties that it may have been recommended with an insidious view. Experience however may better explain in a little time whether any concession on that point will be expedient\u2014in which case some means of indemnifying the officer or officers who should be removed would be demanded both by justice & policy.\nWith perfect respect &c.\nAlexander Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0411", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Otho H. Williams, 5 June 1794\nFrom: Williams, Otho H.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCustom House BaltimoreJune 5th 1794\nSir,\nA desperate state of ill health has for a considerable time detached me from the duties of my Office as Collector, but it fortunately happened, upon the receipt of the law laying the Embargo on the 28th of March, that I was able to attend to its immediate execution; I can therefore the more fully of my own knowledge answer your letter of the 26th Ultimo.\nAll the Vessels belonging to the French Fleet, including the Merchantmen, had cleared out by the 25th of March. They leasurly fell down the river and by the morning of the 28th were actually departed from the district, all except two, I believe, the Ships Bouillon and L\u2019Ardent, which were under way, in sight of, and following the Fleet.\nUpon receipt of the Law laying the Embargo I stationed a Detachment of Volunteer Artillery at the entrance of the Harbour with orders to prevent all Vessels destined for foreign ports from departing; And, conceiving that it would be a more ample execution of the law to restrain all those also which might be found within the limits of the district, I immediately ordered the Revenue Cutter to cruise for that purpose.\nInclosed is the report of the Master of the Cutter of the 29th of March which will make up the sum of all the evidence I can give you upon this occasion.\nIt may be remarked that the Ship Anthony Mangin and the Ship Charles Prince of Hess which cleared out on the 24th & 25th of March, and others which cleared out thereafter did not depart in time, and were consequently detained.\nThis is probably the last Official letter I shall be able to write to you, at least, for some time. I can however afford you the satisfaction of being informed that Mr Christopher Richmond has excepted the Office of Deputy Collector: and I hope that the publick confidence in him, will be as great as my own.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0413", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 7 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n[Philadelphia, June 7, 1794. \u201c\u2026 The goods may be relanded under the direction of the Custom house, previous to departure, and may be reladen for exportation in another vessel; the regulations prescribed being observed on the last as on the first lading.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0414", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [7 June 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, June 7, 1794]\nSir,\nI approve of the plan proposed in your letter of the 4 inst. namely, that a power for making a loan of 800,000 dollars be lodged in Holland, to be used at the time specified in that letter. When the business of Algiers is arranged, it will be seen, whether it be proper to give the premium of two per cent for an engagement to have the loan ready when it is wanted. The remaining 200,000 dollars may be reserved for the other purposes of foreign intercourse.\nI presume that the power, which you design for Mr. Adams, will be of the same kind with that formerly given to his predecessor Mr. Short. I wish you to have the two powers prepared in conformity with this letter.\nPhiladelphia June the 7. 1794. Geo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0415", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Nathaniel Chipman, 9 [June] 1794\nFrom: Chipman, Nathaniel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nRutland, Vt. [June] 9, 1794.\nDear Sir,\nYou have, undoubtedly, noticed the proceedings of the Democratic Society in the county of Chittenden, in this state. I find they have been published with great avidity in New York and Philadelphia. The founder of that society, and sole author of their late proceedings, perhaps you are apprized, is not an inhabitant of this state, but resides, generally in the city of New York. What could have induced that gentleman to call in the aid of my name or my writings, in support of such proceedings, is best known to himself. If you have not read the work from which the quotations are made, you might be led, from the detached sentences there cited, to believe that it contains the principles of anarchy instead of the principles of government\u2014principles wholly subversive of a representative democracy. If you give yourself the trouble of reading the passages there cited, in their connection, you will find that they have been brought in by the head and shoulders, and with the strength of a Hercules, as a comic writer observes on a like occasion. I have, indeed, in treating of a representative democracy, asserted that \u201can interest in the approbation of the people, and a strong sense of accountability to them, in all official conduct is the greatest, or rather the only effectual security against abuses in those who exercise the powers of government.\u201d\nI have further said, that \u201cto render the public sentiment a more rational and more powerful check upon every department, it is essentially necessary that there be in the constitution of every free state an effectual provision for the dissemination of useful knowledge.\u201d That \u201cin a republic, by which is intended a representative democracy, the powers of government are supported, not by force, but by the sentiments of the people;\u201d that \u201cit is necessary to cultivate a sentiment of attachment to the government.\u201d\nI still believe these sentiments to be just, not in theory only but in practice. Yet I cannot discover that they express, or even remotely imply an approbation of self-created societies and clubs, formed for the purpose of censuring the proceedings of governments in transitu, of anticipating the deliberations of constitutional bodies, or dictating the measures which those bodies ought to pursue.\nIf, sir, you will have the patience to read so long a letter, I will give you my reasons for believing such societies to be not only useless, but dangerous. Simple democracies, in which the people assemble in a body to enact laws, and decide upon public measures, have, from the earliest ages, exhibited scenes of turbulence, violence and fluctuation, beyond any other kind of government. No government has been able to exist under this form for any length of time. Experience has evinced that the people, collected in a body are impatient of discussion, and incapable of reasoning, but they are highly susceptible of passions. To these the more artful direct their whole attention; by these every decision in the numerous and heterogeneous assemblies of the people at large is irresistibly influenced. In a simple democracy there can be no fixed constitution, everything is liable to be changed by the frenzy of the moment, or the influence of a popular faction. In such a government, when all are immediate actors, no accountability can exist; consequently in no government have there been instances of a more flagrant violation of rights, or a tyranny more cruel and remediless than those which have been frequently exercised over a minority of the citizens or against an unpopular individual.\nSuch is not the government under which we live. Our national government and the governments of the several states are representative democracies. This kind of government is calculated to give a permanent security to all the essential rights of man, life, liberty and property, the equal right of acquisition and enjoyment in a just compromise with the rights of all which a simple democracy does not. It is designed in its constitution to provide equally against the tyranny of the few and the tyranny of the many.\nThe people have endeavored to place their delegated rulers in a constant state of accountability. This is the hinge on which American liberty turns. That the most perfect freedom of deliberation might be secured, the members of the legislature are, in their public conduct, made accountable only to the sentiments of the people by the interest which they have in the approbation of their constituents. The executive is made accountable to the public sentiment, and is further amenable to a constitutional tribunal for every violation of trust.\nThe powers and duties of the several departments are, in many instances, limited by the laws of the constitution, by which the people have said, thus far shall ye go and no farther. Many things are left to their integrity and discretion to act for the best good of the nation.\nCongress are, from their situation, furnished with the necessary information relative to the present state of things as they may affect the nation, whether internally or externally. All this is in their debates, handed out and circulated among the people, together with all the reasons for and against any measure that could be suggested by the most mature deliberation. By these means the people have in their power sufficient information to judge calmly and rationally of the measures which have from time to time been adopted. Proceeding in this way, I am persuaded that a representative democracy may secure the most civil and political happiness of any of the kinds of government which have yet existed. Such is the state of things, that knowledge in the complicated affairs of civil society comes not by intuition. The means of information, and frequently diligent investigations, are necessary. The knowledge of the people will follow, but can rarely precede a public discussion. They will generally approve or disapprove with judgment, but, in debating, are exposed to all the rashness of ignorance, passion and prejudice.\nOur self-created societies and clubs, as it appears to me, have a tendency, directly or indirectly, to introduce into the measures of government all the precipitation, all the heat and ungovernable passions of a simple democracy.\nHave we reason to believe that these self-pronounced dictators have a freer access to the means of information, that they have been able, more fully, to comprehend the present circumstances, the principles, and reasons which ought to direct public measures, than those to whom the people have confided that task, or even than their more peaceable and quiet fellow-citizens? Certainly they have given us no unequivocal proof of either. Their professed design has been to promote political knowledge, but whenever they have established themselves, they have assumed a dictatorial style in their resolves. When any man or body of men have refused their dictates, or presumed to differ from their opinion, no length of meritorious services, no virtue or integrity of character, have been proof against their bold proscriptions. Like the demagogues of simple democracy, they have appealed wholly to the passions and jealousies of the people. They have assumed to speak the sentiments of the people, though, in point of numbers, they are certainly a very inconsiderable minority. If their assertions have so far imposed on the national government, as to direct their measures, it is worse than the evils of a simple democracy. It is an engine to govern the majority by a minor faction. Nothing of this kind can happen in an assembly of the people at large. Is it, sir, supposed that the measures of congress have, in their present session, been influenced by means of these societies? I should be very unwilling to believe that the American government, which I had supposed to be an improvement upon the wisdom of ages, had so soon submitted to the control of a few self-authorized oligarchs.\nIf, however, these societies are unable to dictate measures to the national government, they will still have a very pernicious effect. When once, though under the thickest clouds of ignorance, they have prejudged a measure, and assumed to dictate it, unless they have more candor than most men, their prejudices will rarely come to any light of conviction. This, as far as their influence extends, will, in a great degree, prevent the happy effect of the wisest and best measures. It is, perhaps, of as much importance, in general, that the people should see and acknowledge the measures of government to be wise and good, as that they should be really wise and good. If there is a failure in either respect, they will not secure the happiness of the people.\nIt is of great consequence that the people, with the means of information, should cultivate a disposition to judge with coolness and impartiality, and that legislators should endeavor to render the reason of their measures plain and intelligible to the common sense of mankind.\nI know it is frequently said that, in a republic, it is necessary to the maintenance of liberty, that the people should be jealous of their rulers. But I have never been able to persuade myself, that, to be a good republican, a man must imbibe prejudices which is the necessary consequence of jealousy. That, certainly, is an unfortunate situation, which renders candor dangerous, or jealousy a species of virtue. In no government are rulers held more strictly and generally accountable, than in one representative democracy. Their continuance in place depends constantly on a faithful discharge of their trust.\nOught we not, then, for a suspicious jealousy to substitute a manly and rational confidence? This, by no means, implies a supine inattention to public men or measures, but it admits candor in the examination. If jealousy be a republican virtue, if it be necessary to excite suspicions among the people, to render them watchful of their liberties, it must be acknowledged that the democratic societies have, in this respect, great merit. They will not, surely, think that the people ought to exempt them from suspicions and jealousies because they are self-existent. Until their time shall come, they may, on these principles, justify any of the most violent and ill-grounded invectives against the members of the federal government, as purely intended to keep alive among the people a necessary jealousy, a wholesome distrust of rulers. If, by these means, the people should be deprived of all the present blessings of government, and the nation plunged into a long series of calamities, they have only to say, all this is the glorious price of liberty. They need not blush for their virulent censures of the executive of the federal government, for an opposition to the measures of a foreign minister\u2014those measures which were disapproved by his nation, and for which he was recalled with pointed marks of disgrace. Notwithstanding what has been observed, I do not mean to insinuate that such associations as our democratic societies are to be animadverted upon by laws, or restrained by the constitution: the exercise of such a power would be more dangerous to liberty than the associations themselves. They must be left to rise or fall solely by the good sense of the people. Nor would I insinuate that it can never be expedient for the people to assemble to petition for a redress of grievances, whether constitutional or legislative. But it would be well if the petitions and representations of the people, unless when they come from known corporate bodies, were always to be signed individually, that it might be known how far they are expressive of the public sentiment. When they come forward from voluntary societies, there is often a deception. It is not known whether they embrace ten or ten thousand individuals.\nFrom these observations you will be convinced that I am no friend to such societies, and that my name ought not to have been brought forward, as one who favored their principles.\nI am, Sir, yours, &c.\nN. Chipman.\nAlexander Hamilton, Esq.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0416", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 9 June 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, June 9, 1794. \u201cMeasures having been taken to carry into effect the several acts of Congress lately passed for the purposes of erecting and placing Beacons & Buoys in the ports & Harbours therein recited; you will be pleased to direct the adequate remittances of money for the purposes of defraying the expenses arising thereon.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0417", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 9 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n[Philadelphia, June 9, 1794. On June 30, 1794, Ellery wrote to Hamilton and referred to \u201cYour letter of the 9th of this month.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0418", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 9 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] June 9, 1794. States that the persons \u201cinterested in the Ship William, being very importunate, E R is again obliged to beg the favor of Mr. H to transmit the papers together with his opinion concerning that vessel.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0419", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 9 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasy. Dept. June 9. 1794.\nSir,\nI have the honor to send here with sundry papers which relate to the Petition of William Martin & contain full information on the subject. Upon the whole as Mr. Martin is undoubtedly an innocent sufferer, I incline to the opinion that a pardon may be adviseable which would operate to remit one half the penalty incurred.\nWith perfect respect &c.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0420", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 9 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Otho H.\nTreasury Department June 9th 1794\nSir\nIn consequence of a Statement made to me by Mr Samuel Dodge, Agent for procuring materials &c. for the fortification, I have directed the Treasurer to remit you the further sum of 1700 Dollars in bills upon you, payable to you or your order, which you will endorse to the agent in proportion to the further progress of expenditure, agreeably to my instructions of the 3d of April last.\nI should be sorry to give you any trouble in your present indisposition that could be avoided. But it will be satisfactory to me, if you will only name a Person to act in your behalf: This appears to be a necessary measure, which would tend to relieve you in some degree in your present situation, and by means of which, instructions from hence might also be complied with.\nI am Sir, with great consideration \u2003 Your obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nOtho H. Williams Esqr.Collector Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0422", "content": "Title: George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox, and Edmund Randolph, [10 June 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry,Randolph, Edmund\n[Philadelphia, June 10, 1794]\nIt is my wish to set off for Mount Vernon on Monday next. With some inconvenience to myself, it might be delayed until Wednesday; beyond which the purposes of my journey would, in a great measure, be defeated by further delay. I therefore desire that everything which requires my attention in your Department previous to my absence, may be laid before me with as much promptitude as the case will admit of.\nPhiladelphia June 10. 1794.Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0423", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 10 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Dept. June 10 1794.\nSir,\nI have the honor of submitting herewith to the President the draft of a power to borrow One million of dollars, by virtue of the Act passed the 9 instant, intitled \u201can Act making appropriations for certain purposes therein expressed.\u201d\nI need only observe, as to the necessity of making the loan, that the objects for which the Act provides will call for immediate expenditures and that the funds contemplated will only accrue from revenues to be collected in future.\nWith perfect respect, \u2003 I have the honor to be &c\nA. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0424", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Bartholomew Dandridge, 11 June 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] June 11, 1794. \u201cBy the President\u2019s order B. Dandridge has the honor to request the Secretary of the Treasury to prepare the proper form of a power to authorise him to carry into effect the \u2018Act providing for the payment of the second instalment due on a Loan made of the Bank of the United States.\u2019\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0425-0001", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to James Monroe, 11 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Monroe, James\nPhiladelphia, June 11. 1794\nDear Sir\nI send you the paper which Mrs. De Talleyrand & De Beaumez were to hand you through me. You observe they have foreborne to insert any but females. The object, I am sure, will interest your good offices, as far as shall consist with your situation & with propriety. I confirm to you what they say on the subject of money. With good wishes, consideration, & esteem I remain, Sir\nYour obed ser\nA Hamilton\nMr. Monroe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0425-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure, [11 June 1794]\nFrom: \nTo: Monroe, James\nMr de Talleyrand and Mr de Beaumez have their Relations in France; none of whom have been accused. But they are arrested as having been heretofore Nobles, without any other suspicion as to their private characters. If they were under accusation, Mr de Talleyrand and Mr de Beaumez would not entreat the interest of Mr Monroe in their favour.\nAs suspicions to which men are liable, may be of more serious consequences in a time of revolution than at other times; and as it would probably not be convenient for Mr Monroe to protect persons who, in the eyes of some Individuals only, might be subject to suspicion\u2014Messrs de Talleyrand and de Beaumez will not ask the good offices of Mr Monroe in behalf of men. The intercession is solicited for Females only; and at a time when the delicate situation of Mr Monroe can be no obstacle to what his generosity would lead him to do; since by virtue of the Decree passed on the Report of Mr St. Just, Persons of that class which were anciently privileged, and now under arrest, will be relieved from Prison, to be transported. Mr Monroe is therefore requested to use all the means which his prudence and humanity shall suggest, for the embarkation of some Persons hereafter mentioned, on board of some American Vessel, which he will point out, in order to rejoin their relations, who, unwilling to stay in countries at war with France, are come to America to settle.\nMadam Briois\nPrisoners at Arras\u2014perhaps transferred to Amiens\nMadelle de Beaumez\nMadam de Perigord,\narrested at Paris\nMadam de Luynes,\nMadam de Montmorency,\nMadam de Laval\u2014arrested at Bolbec, Department of the lower seine.\nMadam de Damas Marillac\u2014arrested at Chatillon upon the seine.\nMr Monroe is requested to advance the necessary travelling expences to the port of embarkation. Mr Hamilton has permitted that Mr Monroe may draw upon him for the reimboursement of those advances.\nMr de Talleyrand and Mr de Beaumez are persuaded, from the known character of Mr Monroe, that after having attended to the more important Duties of his station, he will cheerfully oblige, and attach to him by the strongest ties of gratitude, two Persons who love liberty, and who will always love their country.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0426", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 11 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, June 11, 1794. On July 2, 1794, in an original power to Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, Hamilton stated: \u201cWhereas the President of the United States of America \u2026 hath been pleased by a Certain Commission or Warrant under his hand bearing date the eleventh of June 1794 to Authorise and empower the Secretary of the Treasury for the time being, by himself or any other Person or Persons to borrow on behalf of the United States, within the said States or elsewhere, the whole or any part of the said Sum of One Million of Dollars \u2026 and to make or cause to be made for that purpose such Contract or Contracts as shall be necessary and for the interest of the said States.\u201d Washington\u2019s \u201cpower\u201d to Hamilton has not been found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0427", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 11 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department, June 11, 1794. \u201cThe second instalment on the loan of two millions of Dollars, made of the Bank of the United States, having become due in the month of December last, I have the honor to request that you will be pleased to authorise me, to carry into effect an Act of Congress passed this Session, entitled, \u2018an Act providing for the payment of the second instalment due on a loan made of the Bank of the United States.\u2019\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0428", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 11 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department, June 11, 1794 \u201cI have the honor to communicate a letter of the 19 of May from the Collector of Charleston with it\u2019s enclosures\u2014which announce a very exceptionable & dangerous interference, by certain Citizens of that place, with the Government, Treaties, and lawful authorities of the UStates.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0430", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Daves, 12 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Daves, John\nTreasury Department, June 12, 1794. \u201cI duly received your letter of the 12th. of April respecting the seizure of the Schooner Delight. When the affair shall be determined I shall be glad to be particularly informed of the final issue.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0431", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Lindsay, 12 June 1794\nFrom: Lindsay, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Norfolk, Virginia, June 12, 1794. On June 21, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Lindsay: \u201cYour letter of the 12th instant has been duly received.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0432", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to James Monroe, 12 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Monroe, James\nPhiladelphia,June 12. 1794\nThe obtaining of Information concerning the point, to which these Papers relate, is of material importance to this Department and to the public service & as such is particularly recommended to the attention of Mr. Monroe. The late Secretary of State wrote to Mr. Morris on the subject but I know not whether the papers got to hand.\nAlex Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0433", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Nourse, 12 June 1794\nFrom: Nourse, Joseph\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRegisters Office 12th. June 1794\nSir.\nProvision having been made by law passed the last Session for the payment of Interest on the unsubscribed or registered debt for the current year, I am to request that the sum of Three Thousand Six hundred and seventy four Dollars, twenty seven cents, may be issued from the Treasury of the United States upon a warrant to be drawn in favor of John Kean Esqr. Cashier of the Bank of the United States, fore the purpose of paying the Interest on the said Debt, which accrued in the first quarter of the present year. I have the Honor to be\nSir, with the greatest respect \u2003 Your Most Obed. & most humble Servt.\nHonorableAlexander Hamilton EsquireSecretary of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0434", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Supervisors of the Revenue, 12 June 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Supervisors of the Revenue\nTreasury DepartmentJune 12th 1794\nSir\nThe Public service having required at certain times to call upon the Supervisors to perform duties, not immediately connected with their office, I have to inform you that in cases in which you shall have been requested to perform services not relative to the Revenues under your supervision and which involve a disbursement of money you will be allowed one \u214c Cent on the sums disbursed for such services, This regulation to commence with the instructions respecting the recruiting service, namely from the 26th November 1792.\nBut if in any instance you should have occasion for the assistance of other agents the Compensation to them, if no special allowance be made, must come out of this Commission.\nI am with great consideration &c\nAlex Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0435", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 13 June 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, June 13, 1794. \u201cIn consequence of an application from Mr. Tench Francis I have the honor to request that a warrant may issue in his favor for twenty five thousand dollars.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0437", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, 14 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTreasury Department, June 14, 1794. \u201cYour letter of the 21st of January last in the hurry of business got out of view. The instruction therein requested, respecting the Schooner Flora and Schooner Greyhound is however no more required; the appraisements of those Vessels and Cargoes having been since received. It appears that the money you lodged in the branch Bank of New York on account of the expenditures relating to the Indian treaty, has been passed to your credit by Warrant receipted by the Treasurer.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0438", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [14 June 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, June 14, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President. He had thought that the appointment of a Supervisor for Pennsylvania might without inconvenience be deferred \u2019till the return of the President, & therefore deferred mentioning it. But on more particular reflection as a new revenue year commences with the first of July, he believes it would be of use to accelerate the appointment.\nThe persons who have more particularly occurred to the enquiries of the Secretary (and his enquiries have been particular & extensive) are General Hand, now an Inspector, Colo Henry Miller of York County, Charles Biddle of this City, Colo. Francis Nichols, M. Clarkson mayor & Major Lenox.\nGeneral Hand from situation wou\u2019d claim particular consideration. But the Secretary with much esteem for that Gentleman on all personal accounts is obliged in duty to say that he has been so materially defective in the execution of his present office as to forbid an assurance that the superior one would be executed by him with due attention & exertion. And it is of vast consequence to the revenue & to the Government that no mistake should be committed in the present choice.\nOf the persons named, Colo. Miller, all circumstances considered, has the judgment of the Secretary in his favour. All agree that he is a man of good character of friendly dispositions to the Government & Laws of the UStates\u2014of industry, exertion, address & distinguished firmness\u2014of adequate, tho\u2019 not superior ability, and most likely of any man on whom equal dependence can be placed, to have weight in the most refractory scene of this State. He is also a man of decent property unembarrassed. Among those who warmly recommend him is Mr. Ross, Senator of this State, who lives in one of the most western Counties.\nMr. Biddle has many things in his favor. Perhaps he has more ability than any of the persons named, and no doubts are entertained of his firmness, activity or attention. His connections and influence are principally among the malcontents. But most persons who have been consulted entertain an unfavorable impression of his political principles, & think there is not full assurance that he would not sacrifice the duties of his station & the intersts of the Government to party considerations. He was named by the Democratic Society vice President, which he has it seems neither accepted nor publicly disavowed. Several attach an idea of cunning & duplicity to the character. One good judge of characters thinks favorably of his principles & that reliance may be placed. But the result of a comprehensive enquiry is that there would be hazard in the appointment and the case is believed to be one in which nothing ought to be hazarded.\nColo. Nichols & Major Lenox stand nearly on a level\u2014both men of adequate understanding, honorable characters some property, undoubted firmness, & probable exertion, but on the last point there is greater assurance of Major Lenox. But neither of these gentlemen seem to have that extensive notoriety & popularity of character which is desirable to assist the progress of disagreeable laws. In this particular Mr. Miller or Mr. Biddle has greatly the advantage.\nMr. Clarkson has several things in his favor, perhaps rather more ability that most of the other persons. But he wants bodily activity, which may be a point of consequence & he is said to be much embarrassed in his circumstances.\nThe Secretary has committed these remarks to writting, not wishing to intrude on the President today, & desirous of placing the subject immediately before him.\nIf he should conclude on the person before he leaves town it is requested that he would leave a Commission signed but not completed in order that it may be previously ascertained whether Mr. Miller will accept.\nSunday June 14 1794.\nAmong the persons who have been consulted is the Attorney General. He gave a preference to Mr. Miller. His knowledge of State characters is diffusive & accurate. Mr. Miller was lately a very promising candidate for the place of Senator in the Senate of the UStates.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0440", "content": "Title: Cabinet Decision. Rules for Departure from United States Ports of Belligerent Nations, [16 June 1794]\nFrom: Bradford, William,Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, June 16, 1794]\nWhen any Vessel, whether of war or merchandize, public or private, belonging to any belligerent nation, shall depart from the United States, beyond the jurisdictional line of the United States, on the Ocean; and a Vessel of War whether public or private, belonging to another of the belligerent nations, being adverse, shall at the time of the departure of the first mentioned vessel, be within such jurisdictional line, the last mentioned Vessel of war shall not sail beyond such jurisdictional line, until the expiration of twenty-four hours, after the departure of the first mentioned Vessel.\nIf any vessel of war belonging to a belligerent nation shall sail, contrary to the foregoing rule, she shall be deemed to have violated the laws of nations, and the government of the United States will take measures for causing to be restored any prize, taken by her, and brought within the power of the United States.\nThis Rule shall commence forthwith and shall be notified to all the foreign Ministers, residing near the United States.\nApproved June 16th. 1794\nWm. Bradford,A. Hamilton,H. Knox.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0442", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Bartholomew Dandridge, [16 June 1794]\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, June 16, 1794]\nBy the Presidents order Bw. Dandridge transmits to the Secretary of the Treasury a Commission signed by the President, but not completed, for the Supervisor of Pennsylvania. The President thinks it should be known with certainty that Col Miller will accept, before his name is inserted.\nBw. Dandridge returns the papers relative to the Collector of York. The President is [of] opinion that his conduct has made it necessary that he should be superceded; & wishes the Secretary to make enquiry for a proper character to take his place.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0443", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 16 June 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Newport, Rhode Island] June 16, 1794. \u201cThe Ship Fair American Benjamin Lee master bound from China to Newyork arrived here on the 12th of this month without a Manifest. I do not consider the Invoice exhibited a true copy of which goes with this Petition to be a manifest and thereby the master in my opinion has subjected himself to the Penalty in such case imposed by Law. He has petitioned the District Judge, and his Petition, with a Statement thereto annexed I am informed will be transmitted to you by this Post. I have read the Petition, and have no reason to doubt the truth of the allegations therein contained. Be pleased to make as early a decision on this case as may be convenient.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0444", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 16 June 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Newport, Rhode Island] June 16, 1794. \u201cI acknowledge the receipt on the 13th of this month of your Circular letter of the 28th. of the last month.\u2026 I have also received your letter by Mr. Malbone respectg. the Applicatn. of Messrs. Gibbs and Channing.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0445", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 16 June 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, June 16, 1794. On July 29, 1794, Tench Coxe wrote to Henry Knox: \u201cI have this moment received your letter to the secy of the Treasy of the 28th inst: \u2026 It refers to one of yours to him of the 16th ult upon the subject of other rendezvous.\u201d Letter of June 16 not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0446", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, 16 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTreasury Department June 16th 1794\nSir\nI duly received your letter of the 19th of march last, containing an explanation of the affair between the officers of the Customs and the british Consul.\nThough I thought it proper to notice the circumstance, I was beforehand persuaded that what has been done did not proceed from any culpable motive. I still however am of opinion that the hint of public resentment ought to have been avoided in point of propriety.\nWith great consideration \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your \u27e8obedient servant\u27e9\nBenjamin Lincoln EsqrCollectorBosto\u27e8n\u27e9", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0448", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to David Rittenhouse, 16 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Rittenhouse, David\n[Philadelphia, June 16, 1794. On June 20, 1794, Rittenhouse wrote to Hamilton: \u201cOn receiving yours of the 16th.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0449", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Seton, 16 June 1794\nFrom: Seton, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York 16 June 1794\nMy Dear sir\nOn the 27 & 28th of last month I took the liberty of writing you an official and private Letter, the former enclosing the accounts respecting the dispatching Mr. Jay, and the latter more particularly requesting the Character of a William Acres who says he formerly lived with you.\nI am ashamed and chagrined to trespass upon your time which I know to be so fully occupied with affairs of the first importance but my importunities you must attribute to the indulgence you have always shewn me, & I hope and trust you will not blame me for presuming a little thereon. The truth is that the Owners of the Ship Ohio, press me to get the freight paid & I have promised them to put you in mind of it. As to Wm. Acres I gave him the berth he sollicited in the Bank, from a conviction that had there been any thing bad in his Character, you would have warnd me at all events. The Operations for Mr. Church being concluded, I have nothing further to say on that head.\nPerhaps you may have heard of my resigning the Cashiership of the Bank of New York. Some alteration in my Connections & property in Europe made it necessary either to sacrifice that or my mercantil establishment\u2014the latter is so vastly more valuable to my very large family that it admitted of no hesitation, the two combined were incompatable, and therefore I am arranging to quit in a day or two. My Assistant Mr. Charles Wilkes whom you know is appointed in my stead, and the Institution will be as faithfully conducted and as honorably supported by him as ever it has been. I have recommended to him to write to you expressing his wish (which I know to be really so) to make himself usefull to you in every way that you can desire, & allow me to take the priviledge of friendship in requsting your kind attention to him. You will find him to be as I have a thorough true Man.\nBefore I quit the subject of the Bank allow me merely to ask (for I have not the least idea of pressing) whether it is likely the Government will allow any Commission for the Stock I purchased. If it has not been allowed to others, I have certainly no right to expect it\u2014if it has, I am certain you will not let me be forgot. I shall in a few days dash into Commerce under the firm of Seton Maitland & Co., in which, as well my individual capacity you will ever find me ready & willing to receive & obey your Commands, & I trust the change of my Situation will never lessen your Confidence. It never shall my endeavours to evince the respect and esteem with which I am\nMy Dear Sir \u2003 Your Obliged Obed Sert\nWm Seton\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqre", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0452", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Francis Corbin, 17 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Corbin, Francis\n[Philadelphia, June 17, 1794. On July 20, 1794, Corbin wrote to Hamilton and referred to \u201cyour favor of the 17th: of June.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0453", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Stephen Higginson, 17 June 1794\nFrom: Higginson, Stephen\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston June 17, 1794\nDr Sir\nMr. Cabot has mentioned to me that Mr. Cox was enquiring relative to our Trade to Sweeden & intimated that Government wanted to get from thence a parcel of Copper & Iron. I have two Vessels now going to Gottenburg & will import any articles that may be wanted at the same advance or benefit as I shall get upon common Iron, if the articles can be got ready in time to come in them. Should the Articles wanted not be prepared in time for these Vessels things may be prepared to come by some later Ones.\nWe have this day Letters from Jamaica informing us that the packet with the orders of Jany 8 arrived there may 8th, in consequence of which all our Vessels were liberated. Two of the masters whose Vessels were released write thus to their Owners, & Letters from a good house there gives the same information.\nI congratulate you upon the report relative to your Department. Master Giles must feel, I think, very much mortified; & his Constituents can not be gratified at seeing him placed so far in the back ground. I rejoice to find that Congress are \u27e8up\u27e9 & that their Session has closed so much better than there was reason to apprehend at some periods.\nWith Sentiments of respect I am Sir your \u2003 very hum Serv\nStephen Higginson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0455", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Lee, 17 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Henry\n[Philadelphia, June 17, 1794. On the back of a letter which Lee wrote to Hamilton on March 6, 1794, Hamilton wrote: \u201cAnswered June 17th.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0456", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to William Bradford, Alexander Hamilton, and Henry Knox, [17 June 1794]\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Bradford, William,Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\n[Philadelphia, June 17, 1794]\nThe Secretary of State has the honor of informing the Secretaries of the Treasury and of war and the Attorney General, that subscriptions have been carried on in Boston and Norfolk, and the monies, arising therefrom have been tendered to the President for the relief of the Unhappy Citizens of the United States now in captivity in Algiers. Sometime ago the Citizens of Philadelphia were in motion upon a like occasion; and propounded to the President thro\u2019 the Secretary of State, how far such measures might interfere with the operations of Government, and whether the Government desired these exertions. The answer was, that the steps, pursued by the President, were not to be disclosed on such an application, and that the money of individuals being at their own disposal, the President did not mean to check them in the subscribing of it, as they should think proper. It is suggested therefore, that the substance of the answer to Boston and Norfolk be, that the only connection, which the executive can have with the Algerine subject, is that, which is required by Law; and that it possesses no authority to appropriate private money to such objects.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0457", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, [17 June 1794]\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, June 17, 1794]\nE. Randolph has the honor of inclosing to the Secretary of the Treasury all the papers, which General Knox admits himself to possess, respecting the Ship William. E. R. intreats Colo. Hamilton to forward his opinion, together with the other papers; as he is hourly invaded by those, who are interested for the French Captors.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0458", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Collectors of the Customs, 17 June 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Collectors of the Customs\nTreasury Department June 17th. 1794.\nSir,\nI send you herewith an Act of the last session of Congress, entitled, \u201cAn Act in addition to the Act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States.\u201d\nThis Act is relative to objects which have been already committed to your attention by my letter of the 4th, of August 1793; serving to invigorate the means of repressing practices which are as contrary to good order as dangerous to the National Peace.\nMuch from your situation must depend on your vigilance. Your zeal in the part confided to you is counted upon. I am sure the expectation will not be disappointed.\nWith great consideration \u2003 I am Sir, \u2003 Your obedient Servant\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0459", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 18 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] June 18, 1794. Encloses \u201ca note from the Chief Clerk in the Department of State explanatory of the delay in the publication of the laws, which the Secretary of the Treasury intimated to him the other day.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0460", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Bush, 19 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Bush, George\nTreasury Department.June 19th. 1794.\nSir\nHurry of business prevented an earlier reply to your letter of the 31st. of March last.\nYou say the name of the Brig Florida being erased from her stern, you presume, she is liable to a penalty. But you will find a penalty expressly declared by the 3d section of the Registering Act. As I have more than once noticed on your part doubts about express and definite provisions in the laws, I am compelled to observe that this indicates a want of careful and studious attention to the laws which are to regulate your official conduct, and to request of you, that you will exert yourself to remedy this deficiency which is due as well to your reputation as to the public service.\nI am Sir with consideration \u2003 Your Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0461", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Nathaniel Gorham, 19 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Gorham, Nathaniel\nTreasury Department June 19th 1794\nSir,\nIt being intended to station Officers upon the recruiting Service at Portland, Salem, Boston, and Worcester, I have to request that you will enter into contract with any person or persons, who may be disposed to furnish the rations, Quartermasters articles, and medical assistance required for that service, at the most reasonable rate.\nYou will be governed by my letter to you of the 26th of November 1792, as to the regulations under which the service is to be performed, advising me of the particulars, as soon as you shall have made the provision requested.\nI am Sir with great Consideration \u2003 Your Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nThe Supervisor of Massachusetts", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0462", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, 19 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTreasury Department, June 19, 1794. \u201cI have to request that the draft of the Collector of York mentioned in your letter of the 21st. of march last may be paid, as in other cases of fishing bounties.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0464", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Collectors of the Customs, 19 June 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Collectors of the Customs\nTreasury DepartmentJune 19th 1794\nSir\nI have concluded to request that all repairs necessary for keeping the Revenue Cutter in about the same condition in which it was originally fitted may henceforth be directed by you, without special reference to the Treasury.\nIn giving this instruction however, I must particularly recommend to guard against what may be deemed an habitual disposition in masters of Vessels, to extend equipments and expences beyond what is really necessary.\nIt is my wish that you will endeavour to ascertain with precission, at what rate per ration, a comfortable supply for the seamen of the Cutter can be effected. To this end a careful inquiry of some \u0153conomical and prudent Ship Owners; as to the manner in which Seamen in merchant vessels are supplied may be a useful guide as from it the average expence may be reduced to a rate per day\u2014and what that rate shall be found to be, must be allowed.\nThis instruction though made circular is however not to interfere with any contract which may now exist and whereby the Cutter under your agency is comfortably and reasonably supplied.\nWith great consideration \u2003 I am sir \u2003 your obedient servant\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0465", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 20 June 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, June 20, 1794. \u201cA purchase of salt Petre was effected on the 13. instant at Providence at 18 Drs. \u214c lb for a quantity amounting to about 22 Tons. This with the commission will be near 9000 Dollars. The whole is payable in 15 days from the 13th. at the bank of Providence.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0466", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Knox, 20 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Knox, Henry\nTreasury DepartmentJune 20. 1794.\nSir,\nA Commissary of Stores having been appointed, it is necessary to fulfil the main object of that appointment that a very regular system of accountability should be established. As the accounts of the expenditures of money are connected with the subject I submit to you whether it will not be adviseable to instruct Mr. Hodgdon to concert with the Comptroller of the Treasury a plan for regulating that accountability so as to afford the requisite information to both departments.\nWith great respect \u2003 I have the honor to be Sir \u2003 Your obedient servant\nA Hamilton\nThe Secretary for theDepartment of War", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0468", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 20 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Otho H.\nTreasury DepartmentJune 20th 1794\nSir\nThe house of Zacharia Coopman & Co. has made application to me for an abatement of interest upon their Bonds which have been lately put in suit. There are certain equitable considerations, which dispose me, as far as shall be found right to attend to this application. But before any decision is taken, I wish to be particularly informed of the circumstances of the respective suits: of the delays which have ensued, and of any other matters which may be proper to influence the consideration.\nI will add, that if the principal of their bonds shall have been satisfied, the suspension of payment of the interest till further direction from me is not to be an obstacle to future credits for duties.\nWith consideration \u2003 I am Sir, Your Obedt. servant.\nA Hamilton\nThe Collector of Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0469", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Thomas Mifflin, [21 June 1794]\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Mifflin, Thomas\n[Philadelphia, June 21, 1794]\nSir\nYour Excellency\u2019s letter to The President dated the 14th instant (which has been opened pursuant to general directions) was only delivered to Mr. Dandrige his Secy on the 17th at three oClock. The departure of The President for Mount Vernon on the morning of that day prevents my being able to reply to it at this time under his immediate direction.\nBut antecedent communications with the President on the transactions to which your letter relates, and my immediate agency in the matter put it [in] my power to offer some explanatory observations; which I shall do in a spirit that will accord with what I know to be a primary rule of conduct on his part\u2014the steady cultivation of harmony and cordiality between the Officers of the General and particular Governments.\nWith regard to that sentence in my letter of the 14th, which has been particularly adverted to, and which is in these words \u201cIt will be happy indeed if the circumstances which have already occurred shall not be found to have matured the evil beyond the possibility of a Remedy\u201d\u2014it will I hope be sufficient to say, that it was a mere general reflection on the probable or possible tendency of the circumstances which had occurred, without intention to pass an opinion on the motives to or reasons for the measures which had been pursued by the Government of Pensylvania either in a legislative or Executive capacity. Among the circumstances alluded to was the unfortunate coincidence of the murder of one of the Indians of the six nations; an ingredient which was noticed in my letter of the 24th of May. Suffer me to add, to avoid the inference of having acquiesced in the suggestion, that there is no evidence in possession of this Government, which establishes the fact of a previously hostile disposition of the six Nations.\nYour Excellency appears to lay stress on the lateness of the communication of the President\u2019s opinion as to the expediency of \u27e8suspending the\u27e9 proposed establishment. In proportion to the validity of the considerations, which support the right of the Commonwealth of Pensylvania to project and make that establishment, was the delicacy of an interference by the Executive of the UStates. Whatever may have been the anticipations entertained of the effect of the measure\u2014the situation seemed to require that an opinion should [be] deferred till the progress of the experiment had produced some indication of probable consequences. When this happened, the opinion was given. Had it been given sooner, might it not have been deemed premature?\nThe rights of Pensylvania in this case and the obligations which are urged to exist on the part of the UStates in relation to them would be improperly made a question. But the fundamental principles of society and the practice of all political communities frequently concur in postponing the enjoyment of a particular right or interest of a part of a nation to considerations or urgency respecting the safety or welfare of the whole Nation. The propriety then of a temporary suspension in the present instance must depend on the weight of the reasons which dictate it.\nThe discussion how far the requisition or advice of the Executive of the UStates can justify such a suspension, under the circumstances of the laws of Pensylvania, is rendered the more absolutely useless by Your Excellys. determination that, whatever may be the result, the establishment of Presque Isle will be suspended, until The President shall have varied the opinion which has been delivered. No arguments, I am persuaded, can be necessary to satisfy you that when he saw or thought he saw in a measure of a particular state consequences endangering important interests of the Union he discharged a duty in declaring to the Executive of that State an opinion that it was adviseable to suspend the execution of the measure.\nThe President of the UStates cannot fail to do justice to the disposition which has produced the determination you have announced to comply with his opinion.\nWith great respect \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Your Excellency\u2019s Most Obedient serv", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0470", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Lindsay, 21 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lindsay, William\nT. D. June 21th 1794\nSir\nYour letter of the 12th instant has been duly received.\nWhat you mention about the Ship Scorpion induces me to request that you will inform me particularly, what was the precise position of that vessel, when the intelligence of the embargo arrived, and what were the circumstances subsequent thereto. It has been alleged that something like a forcible extrication of her took place. I wish to be informed how far there is any truth in this, and what happened on the occasion. I hope your reply will be precise & circumstantial.\nI am with great consideration \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your obedt Servt.\nWilliam Lindsay Esqr.Collr Norfolk", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0473", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jean Antoine Joseph Fauchet, 22 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Fauchet, Jean Antoine Joseph\nPhiladelphia, June 22, 1794. Transmits \u201cto the Minister Plenipotentiary of the French Republic the result of the assay which has been made at the Mint pursuant to his request.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0474", "content": "Title: Opinion on Compensation for Captured Vessels, [22 June 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, June 22, 1794]\nI am not willing to give a pretext for not doing us justice by the appearance of carelessness or indifference as to the fulfilment of our engagements. I continue to think that the idea of a special instruction to Mr: Jay is proper, because it is an evidence of our being in earnest, because as Mr: Jay\u2019s mission was produced by circumstances subsequent to the communication to Congress, that communication can be no objection to embracing the subject in his mission especially as bearing a near affinity to the primary objects of it\u2014because though his general powers are competent it is proper he should know the sense and desire of the Government in this particular\u2014and the specification as already observed has great value as a proof of sincerity.\nI fear to be retrogade in our means of inspiring confidence in all the parties as to the sincerity of our original professions.\nI think we have lately lost ground.\nA. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0476", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 22 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nPrivate\nPhiladelphia June 22. 1794\nSir\nThe Secretary of State in referring to you the question of the answer to be given to Mr. Hammond concerning compensation for certain captured vessels will I presume transmit to you the opinions of the other Gentlemen as well as his own.\nBesides the reasons hastily sketched in the memorandums given to the Secretary of State\u2014there is one of a delicate nature which I did not think fit to put on a paper which might become a public document but which I think ought to be submitted to your consideration.\nThough the form of only giving the opinion of the President that it was incumbent upon the UStates to make compensation in the case has been used\u2014yet between nation & nation this is equivalent to a virtual engagement that compensation will be made\u2014and we were all sensible in advising the President to give that opinion (which advice was unanimous) that a non compliance with it would be a serious commitment of the character of the Nation the Government and the President. Indeed if the Legislature should not do its part, under such circumstances, it would necessarily give birth to considerations very embarrassing to the delicacy of the President.\nIn such a posture of things is it not adviseable to narrow the obstacles to a right issue of the business? If Mr. Jay is instructed to insert a formal stipulation in a general arrangement, the senate only will have to concur. If provision is to be made by law, both houses must concur. The difference is easily seen. And it is a case where the point of honor is too materially concerned, not to dictate the expediency of leaving as little hazard as possible upon the issue. It is impossible that any question can arise about the propriety of giving this course to the business. When we are demanding compensation for our captured vessels & goods it is the simplest thing in the world to stipulate compensation for those of great Britain, which we acknowlege to have been unlawfully made within our territory or by the use of our means. It is also with me a material consideration that the coupling this with the other objects of Mr. Jay\u2019s negotiation may tend to disembarrass in future. If the compensation we seek fails, it may be a good answer to the claim on the other side that they were endeavoured without success to be made a subject of reciprocial stipulation. I speak with reference to the Individuals concerned.\nI may be perhaps too nice. But this is one of those questions in which ideas of sincerity good faith and honor, in a relation which must always engage my particular solicitude, press my judgment to a course of proceeding which is calculated to dispel all doubt.\nWith perfect respect \u2003 I have the honor to be, \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most obedient servant\nA Hamilton\nThe President of the UStates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0477", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 23 June 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, June 23, 1794. \u201cThe purchase of Indian Supplies made on the 18th inst. by N. Hoffman & Co. for distribution by Genl Chapin amounts to \u00a3681. 4. 10. N. York Currency. Being made, as they represent for Cash, they are anxious for an immediate remittance of the money.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0480", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 23 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] June 23, 1794. \u201cE. Randolph presents his compliments to Col. Hamilton, and having this moment received his Note, respecting the French crowns, posterior to 1st Jany 1792 he has sent to the Director of the Mint, in order to have an interview upon the subject, and to communicate to Colonel Hamilton the result.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0481", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 23 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, June 23d. 1794.\nSir,\nThe report, which appeared in the Newspapers the other day, from a Committee to the Senate, on the Bill for advancing money to the French minister, has given me considerable uneasiness. I have no doubt, that the result was well considered, and is accurate. But some of the intermediate circumstances were probably unknown to the Committee, and therefore not stated. What I chiefly allude to, is, that, the account between the United States and the French Republic being unliquidated, the advances made were of a complexion less strong, than the report has spread over the affair. I am persuaded, that in the hunger of Mr. Hammond for peccadillos, which may swell some future manifesto, this paper has been prepared for transmission to England. Having no object more truly at heart, than peace with Great Britain, I wish, that Mr. Jay should be ready to encounter the intelligence, which goes from this side of the water, at the moment of its arrival. I must therefore, request the favor of you, to furnish me, as soon as you can, with all the mitigations, which really appertain to the case.\nI have the honor, Sir, to be, \u2003 with great respect and esteem \u2003 Yo. mo. ob. serv.\nEdm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0482", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 23 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia 23d June 1794\nSir,\nThe director of the Mint is now with me, and has undertaken to endeavour to procure a proper number of French Crowns, posterior to the 1st. Januy 1792 for the purpose of having them assayed according to the Act of 9th February 1793. Lest he should fail in his attempt to procure samples, I must beg the favor of you to forward to him any you may possess.\nAs to the security offered by Mr. Albion Cox, assayer of the Mint, I can say but little either from my own knowledge, or the information of Mr. Rittenhouse; but it is, an unquestionable fact, that it would embarrass the operations of the Mint, if Mr. Cox were now to be thrown out of office.\nMr. Rittenhouse informs me that the Mint is ready to proceed to the coinage of the money concerning which you lately wrote me.\nI have the honor, Sir, to be \u2003 with great respect and consideration Your mo. obedt. Serv.\nEdm. Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0483", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Collectors of the Customs, 23 June 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Collectors of the Customs\nTreasury DepartmentJune 23d 1794\nSir\nIt being highly expedient that the Marshall should be immediately charged on the Books of the Treasury with the monies which you might advance to him in pursuance of my letter to you of the 2nd of July 1793 I have to request that the receipts for all payments already made, or made by you hereafter to the said Marshall may be immediately transmitted to this Office.\nI am with consideration \u2003 sir \u2003 your obedient servant\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0484", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Willing, 23 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Willing, Thomas\n[Philadelphia] June 23, 1794. States \u201cthat the Director of the Mint would be obliged by being furnished with any French Crowns or other foreign coins of dates subsequent to the first of January 1792, in order that assays may be made preparatory to a procla[ma]tion of the President to authorise their currency.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0486", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 24 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, June 24th. 1794\nSir\nSome time ago I mentioned to the President the necessity of attending to the act, granting a million of Dollars for foreign intercourse; it being always understood, that this large vote contemplated our negociation with the Dey of Algiers. He wrote to you upon the subject, which was permitted to rest; until some prospect opened for a successful application of the money. This prospect appears now to be opened, first from the quarter of Mr. Humphreys our minister in Lisbon, and secondly, from the exertions of Mr. Gouverneur Morris, our minister at Paris, as indicated in the inclosed letter from him of the 7th of March last. It is difficult to say what will be the upshot of the affair, but holding it to be my duty to get the appropriation placed in such a manner as to be eventually ready for the exigency; I take the liberty of requesting you to turn your thoughts to the most effectual means of accomplishing this end; in order that any critical moment may be seized for the relief of our suffering fellow Citizens in Algiers, and for putting a stop to the ravages of the Corsairs. Some instructions are rendered immediately indispensable, lest our two Ministers should clash, and the money is an ingredient, without which instructions would be unavailing. You will oblige me therefore, by as early information, as may be convenient, how my course is to be shaped in this particular.\nWith great respect and esteem \u2003 I have the honor, Sir, to be Yr. mo. ob. servt.\nEdm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0487", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 24 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, June 24, 1794. \u201cThe amount of the last draft for the contingent expences of the Office of the Department of State, being nearly expended, I must beg the favor of you to cause a warrant to issue on the Treasurer payable to George Taylor Junr. for One thousand Dollars, to be applied to similar purposes.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0488", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 24 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, June 24, 1794. On June 26, 1794, Randolph wrote to David Rittenhouse, Director of the Mint: \u201cPermit me to consign to your immediate attention the enclosed letter from the Secretary of the Treasury of the 24th instant, in answer to mine of the 23d.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0489", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 24 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasy. Dept. June 24. 1794.\nSir,\nThe inclosed Letter from the Collector of Hampton, of the 26th. of May, shews that the necessity of appointing a successor to that Officer has at length become absolute, & suggests some names for consideration.\nAnother letter from mr Carrington of 19th. of December last suggests another name. The enquiry was made of Mr. Carington with your permission, but with cautious guards against commitment, which he mentions having observed.\nThe papers from the office which have been under the management of Mr Smith, tho\u2019 they are not of a nature to decide much concerning his ability, owing to the little business done in that scene, have been in good order. And the Post Master General who in consequence of the circumstance mentioned in mr Smith\u2019s letter (herewith also sent) has been consulted, says, that he was well recommended to him, and has conducted his business in that station with regularity.\nBut my experience of the invariable judiciousness of Mr Carrington\u2019s recommendations, induces me to have great confidence in the eligibility of the character he has named. Perhaps further lights where you are, will assist the nomination of a proper successor.\nWith perfect respect &c.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0490", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Joseph Whipple, 24 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Whipple, Joseph\n[Philadelphia, June 24, 1794. On July 9, 1794, Whipple wrote to Hamilton: \u201cYour letters of the 23d & 24th. Ultimo \u2026 I have received.\u201d Letter of June 24 not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0491", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 24 June 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, June 24, 1794. \u201cIt is my duty to inform you that Daniel Benezet, Collector for Great-Egg-Harbour, has made no return to the Treasury since January 1792; and that several letters have been written to him from this Office on the subject, to which he has neglected to pay any attention. A similar neglect is imputable to John Lawson the younger, Collector for Sunbury, who has neglected to transmit any Returns since the 1st. quarter of the year 1792.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0492", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Cochran, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Cochran, John\nTreasury Department, June 25, 1794. \u201cA Warrant has this day issued on the Treasurer in your favor for Drs 90,834 \u00b2\u2079\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080 for the purpose of enabling you to discharge the Interest which will become due the 30th. Instant on the several species of stock standing on your Books.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0493", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRevenue Office June 25th. 1794\nSir\nThe inclosed paper A contains a list of the articles which it will be expedient to import from Europe without delay for the naval armament. A ship the Pigou is expected to sail for London on the 28th instant. Considerations relative to certainty and to secrecy if the state of things in Europe should require it, appears to recommend the confiding the direction of the business to our Minister in London. Were great magazines to be leizurely formed, it would be expedient in the first instance, to have recourse to the continent of Europe as well as great Britain; but as things are it appears most elegible to make the importation from the latter, if no interruption to our peace with that Kingdom shall take place. The Minister of the U:S: will have the earliest & most accurate information upon the Subject. He will of course change the source of supply from a country where events or probabilities may interrupt or even hazard the supply, to some other, in which the state of things shall leave no room for apprehension. In any unfavorable posture of affairs elsewhere, Gottenburg, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam, would appear to promise certainty, tho there would probably be a considerable difference in point of cheapness as to the copper composition & anchors, in favor of the first & some in favor of the second before Amsterdam. The two first do not present any material doubts as in neutral Kingdoms. The Minister of the U:S: however will be able to determine from information to be obtained in (England) London.\nPaper B contains an estimate of the probable cost, & of the charges which will arise upon the transaction in Great Britain, it is intended, to indicate the sum necessary to be remitted. It is made largely, because the service will admit of some overplus.\nI am informed by Capt. Truxton that the house of Phynn Elliot &c are much accustomed to business of this nature, and that Mr. William Barnard, an eminent ship wright at Deptford has had much conversation in these matters. It is my reflected opinion however, that no house in London accustomed to great shipments of Bale goods, is likely to execute this business well. It ought to be one, much accustomed and thereby practiced in the fitting of capital ships and managing them as owner & consignee. The canvas is not included in this communication, from the considerations which have occurred in conference thereon. The purity of copper is a matter of primary importance. Any metal used to adulterate it, or if not duly separated in the process at the mine, will occasion the sheathing to be less efficacious against adhesions to the ships bottoms, and being softer, will render the plates less durable & strong.\nAs some of those articles will be found already made or prepared, the earliest shipments of any part or the whole is desirable, and it appears to be expedient to order the requisite proportions to the six several ports wherein the Frigates are to be built; if good ships shall offer at the time directly to those ports.\nThe size of the Colors for four ships of 44 guns & 2 of 36 being well known in Europe will enable the merchant to ascertain the necessary quantity of bunting. The estimate of value contains it according to the opinions prevailing here.\nI have the honor to be with great respect, Sir \u2003 Your most Obedt Servt.\nT CCommiss. of the Revenue\nThe Secry of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0494", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Isaac Gregory, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Gregory, Isaac\nTreasury Department, June 25, 1794. \u201cIt being understood that the office of Surveyor at Pasquotank River bridge in your District is vacant I request that you will recommend a fit person to fill that office.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0495", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar dept. June 25. 1794\nsir,\nI have the honor to inform you that I shall immediately appoint the following persons as naval agents viz.\nBoston\u2014Henry Jackson\nNew York\u2014John Blagge\nBaltimore\u2014Jeremiah Yellot.\nThe others will be determined on as soon as possible. The Sixth frigate will not be built at Charleston. The place is not quite determined on but it will be in the course of a day or two. Mr. John Morgan will be the principal constructor at Norfolk and Joshua Humphreys in Philadelphia. The others are not yet determined on.\nI am &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0496", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Meyer, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Meyer, John\n[Philadelphia, June 25, 1794. \u201cDo me the favor, if convenient, to furnish the bearer with Thirty Dollars.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0497", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Pinckney, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Pinckney, Thomas\nTreasury DepartmentJune 25. 1794\nSir\nIt has been determined to import from Europe as expeditiously as may be the articles mentioned in the inclosed list towards the construction of six frigates for which provision was made in the last session of Congress. These are considerations which would have directed the endeavour to procure these articles in the first instance from the more Northern Countries of the Continent of Europe; but the desire of dispatch principally has recommended an experiment to procure them from G Britain, with an eventual eye to those countries, if there should exist any impediment to their being obtained from Britain.\nThis has induced me to take the liberty to ask your care of the business; for which purpose I have directed the Treasurer to remit to you a draft in your favour upon our Commissioners at Amsterdam for 180,000 current guilders\u2014a sum which it is expected will be found equal to the cost & charges of the articles.\nIf therefore no impediment to the operation exists in G B, I request that you will without delay cause to be procured there and shipped to this country the articles specified in the list. But if any such impediment should exist I then request that you will take the most speedy secure & effectual measures for obtaining them from some other proper quarter.\nGottenburgh Copenhagen and Amsterdam naturally present themselves as alternative places. There would probably be as to the articles under the head of Copper a considerable difference in point of cheapness, in favour of the first, some difference in the same respect, in favour of the second, as compared with Amsterdam. But considerations of greater dispatch if equal certainty may notwithstanding recommend Amsterdam. The matter is submitted to your better opportunity of information\u2014with these general observations that it is material no disappointment should take place and that the articles should arrive as soon as may be.\nThe places for building the frigates which have been determined upon are Boston New York Philadelphia Baltimore & Norfolk. There would be a convenience in a proportional Shipment to those places; but while this is mentioned I am sensible that in certain circumstances the consideration might be overballanced by others\u2014and that it could not well be reconciled with the shipment from any other country than GBritain. But it would be desireable in any case to divide the risk as far as shall be practicable. American bottoms would of course engage a preference unless reasons to the contrary should occur on the spot of which an estimate cannot beforehand be formed here.\nPeculiar circumspection, will be requisite in the choice of Agents, in the several relations of pecuniary solidity acquaintance with the business & fidelity to the object. There would be hazard in confiding it to mere Dealers in or Shippers of Bale-goods, however extensive their Trade. Persons conversant in the particular subject are desireable. That is to say persons thoroughly practiced in the fitting & managing of Capital Ships. The House of Phynn Elliot & Englis has been mentioned to me as of this description; also a Mr. William Barnard an eminent Shipwright at Deptford. But these persons are barely mentioned. The sources of information concerning them are too narrow and too little diversified to justify a recommendation of them. You will therefore consider the point as intirely open.\nIt need scarcely to be remarked that the purity of the Copper being a matter of primary consequence will merit the most particular attention. As some of the articles will be found already made or prepared advantage ought to be taken of this circumstance to promote dispatch.\nThe size of the colors for four ships of 44 Guns & 2 of thirty six being well known in Europe will enable the Agent who shall be employed to ascertain the necessary quantity of bunting.\nI will make no excuse for giving you this trouble. I anticipate the zeal you will feel for the object and I allow myself to count on your disposition to facilitate the purposes of my department.\nWith the most respectful consideration & trust [&] esteem \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your obedient ser\nThomas Pinckney EsqrMinister Plenipotentiary &c", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0498", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Robert Ralston, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Ralston, Robert\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] June 25, 1794. \u201cObserving from your note of the 22d. Currt. that there was no objection to the payment of the claim on behalf of John Dewhursts Estate, but that of ascertaining who was legally authorized to receive the Same. I enclose for your perusal the Deed of Assignment from the Commissioners of Bankrupt to me, and a Certificate from the Prothonotary of the Court of Common pleas of an Assignment being executed in my favor.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0499", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\n[Philadelphia, June 25, 1794. On July 7, 1794, Wolcott wrote to Hamilton: \u201cIn obedience to your Letter of June 25.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0500", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jonathan Dayton, 26 June 1794\nFrom: Dayton, Jonathan\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nElizabethtown [New Jersey] June 26, 1794. \u201cJudge Symmes, who left this place yesterday for Philadelphia by the way of Morristown, requested me to acquaint you that in two or three days he should be at your office to obtain the Deed for the Miami lands. The delay of this business, on one account or another, has been so much beyond what was foreseen, as to occasion much uneasiness with many of the interested, & to induce me to urge it\u2019s completion with all possible dispatch.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0501", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 26 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n[Philadelphia, June 26, 1794. On July 6, 1794, Ellery wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI have recd. your Circular letter of the 17th. of the last month.\u2026 I have also recd. your letter of the 26th. of the same month.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0503", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Lamb, 26 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lamb, John\nT. D. June 26th 1794\nSir\nI have to reply to your letter of the 15th instant, respecting a difference in the duties on certain wines claimed by Mr Joze Roiz Silva.\nIt is a rule which the Treasury has steadily adhered to, not to authorise the revision of an adjustment of duties once made, upon after evidence of whatsoever kind; whether the mistake committed was for or against the public. This rule has been found one of mutual convenience and operates against Mr Silva\u2019s wishes, which it would give me pleasure to comply with, were it not at the expence of an important general rule.\nWith great consideration \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Yr obedt Servt\nJohn Lamb EsqrCollectorNew York", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0504", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, 26 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTreasury Department, June 26, 1794. \u201cInclosed is a copy of a letter to me from the collector of Barnstable, being an application for a Boat for the use of the Inspector at Tarpentine cove. I request your opinion as to the public utility of keeping such a boat at the place mentioned.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0505", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 26 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, June 26, 1794. \u201cThe President left in my hands the inclosed letter from A. G. Fraunces of the 28th. ultimo, to examine, what was best to be done. My opinion being that nothing ought to be done upon it, and that silence is the proper answer, I shall observe this course, unless you can suggest something more eligible.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0506", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Christopher Richmond, 26 June 1794\nFrom: Richmond, Christopher\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBaltimore, June 26, 1794. \u201cYour letter addressed to the collector of this port relating to the Interest on Zacharie, Coopman, & cos bonds came to my hands Yesterday. In answer thereto I have thought it best to Transmit a copy of the Interest account against them made out on the fourth of June by Mr. Delozier. From this it is probable you will obtain the best Information upon the Subject, that this office can afford.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0507", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 26 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Otho H.\nTreasury DepartmentJune 26th 1794\nSir,\nI received with your letter of the 16th of March last an estimate of expences for repairing the revenue Cutter which has in the hurry of business hitherto remained unattended to.\nIf these repairs have not already been done in consequence of my circular letter of the 19th instant they may be done upon the smallest of the two scales proposed.\nI have noticed that you have appointed Mr. Richmond deputy Collector. It is expected that he will open all official letters from this department, though addressed to you as collector.\nWith great consideration \u2003 I am Sir, \u2003 Your obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nOtho, H, Williams EsquireCollector Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0510", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Nourse, 27 June 1794\nFrom: Nourse, Joseph\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, RegistersOffice 27th. of June 1794.\nSir\nI have the honour to enclose a certificate of the sums issuable from the Treasury of the United States for the payment of Interest becoming due to the several creditors on the books of the Treasurey on the 30th June 1794. and to the Trustees for the redemption of the Public debt for Interest arising to the same period upon the Stock standing in their names and in the name of Samuel Meredith in trust for the United States.\nTo the several creditors\nTo the trustees for the redemption of the public debt\nTotal sum issuable\nWith the greatest respect I am \u2003 Sir, your most obed humble. servt.\nThe Honble. Alexander Hamilton Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0511", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 27 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, June 27th. 1794.\nSir,\nBe so good as to direct a warrant to issue in my name as Secretary of State for Twenty thousand Dollars, in pursuance of the Act intituled \u201cAn Act making further provision for the expenses attending the intercourse of the United States with foreign Nations, and further to continue in force the act, intituled \u2018An Act providing the means of intercourse between the United States and foreign Nations.\u2019\u201d\nI have the honor to be, with much respect, Sir \u2003 Yo. mo. ob. serv.\nEdm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0512", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 27 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n[Philadelphia, June 27, 1794. On July 1, 1794, Randolph wrote to Hamilton: \u201cIn answer to the letter which you did me honor of writing to me on the 27th ultimo.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0513", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 28 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia] June 28, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his Compliments to The Commissioner of the Revenue to request that he will get the within Commission filled and completed with the name of Henry Miller of York Town agreeably to an eventual arrangement made with the President for that purpose.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0514", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, 28 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lincoln, Benjamin\nPhiladelphia June 28. 1794\nMy Dear Sir\nWhat sail Cloth shall we use for the Frigates that of Domestic or that of Foreign Manufacture? National pride & interest plead for the former if the quality be really good. But is it really good? Objections are made; that which is principally insisted upon is that it shrinks exceedingly.\nLet me know with certainty what Experience has decided. I ask your opinion because I rely on your impartiality as well as Judgment. It would be terrible to mistake. The public, & I personally who must provide, are materially interested that there be none. Let me hear from you as soon as may be.\nWith true esteem & regard \u2003 Your Obed ser\nB Lincoln Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0516", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 28 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, June 28, 1794. \u201cI have this moment received your note of this day, upon the subject of the twenty thousand dollars applied for in my letter of yesterday. This sum is on account of the yearly appropriation of forty thousand dollars for the peculiar purposes of the Department of State. Permit me to remind you of my letter with respect to the money for the Algerine objects, and to request you to excuse my solicitude on that head.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0517", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 30 June 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, June 30, 1794. Requests \u201cthat a Warrant may issue in favor of William Allibone Esqr Superintendent of the Delaware Establishments for four hundred & fifty Dollars to enable him to discharge the contingent expences for the quarter ending this day.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0518", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 30 June 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nSir\nYou will find within this enclosure an estimate of the monies which are likely to be wanted in Georgia & the Carolines for the purchase of Live Oak & Cedar, & the compensations of the Wood cutters &ca. It is made with latitude, & for six months. As it is unknown at what place this wood will be procured, it is difficult to divide the sum exactly. Perhaps it may be well to deposite 11.000 dollars with the Collector of Savannah & a like sum with the Supervisor of So. Carolina, with eventual orders to each to transmit upon advice of contracts & requisition to the other. It will be eligible to place the money in the hand of the Supervisor of So. Carolina, as his office requires aid in compensation, & that of the Collector does not.\nIt is to be remembered however that both the collectors of the Customs are included in the authorities to contract.\nThe Beef & Pork have been shippt from New York to Savannah by the Supervisor.\nI have the honor to be with gt. respt. \u2003 Sir Your most Obedt. Servant\nTench Coxe Commissr.\nThe Secy. of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0522", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Isaac Holmes, 30 June 1794\nFrom: Holmes, Isaac\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Charleston, South Carolina, June 30, 1794. On September 4, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Holmes and referred to \u201cyour letter of the 30th of June last.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0523", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 30 June 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nProvidence, June 30, 1794. \u201cI have recd. your Letter of the 19th instant.\u2026 Lawful evidence having been received, that the Duties on the Merchze. for which Mr. Rhodes\u2019 Bond was taken, were legally secured at Washington, the Bond was cancelled.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0524", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to William Bradford, Alexander Hamilton, and Henry Knox, [30 June 1794]\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Bradford, William,Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\n[Philadelphia, June 30, 1794]\nThe Secretary of State has the honor of informing the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War, and the Attorney General of the United States, that he has this day received a Convention bearing date the 27th. of March 1794 between Denmark and Sweden for the maintenance of the rights of neutral navigation. It is proper to notify the Gentlemen, that Mr. Jay is instructed, if he should find it necessary and expedient, to sound the Ministers of those nations at the Court of London upon this very subject.\nThe affair being thus unexpectedly ripened, our adjustment with Great Britain uncertain, and the confidence in Mr. Jay\u2019s discretion, not permitting a doubt that a power upon this head would be otherwise than prudently exercised, the Secretary of State takes the liberty of submitting to the consideration of the Gentlemen, whether it may not be advantageous that the President should send a Commission and powers to some person in Europe as a Diplomatic character, for the foregoing temporary object of forming a concert with those nations: enclosing however, both the Commission and powers to Mr. Jay, who shall from his view of things in London, decide whether or not such a mission may produce good to the United States, and deliver or withold them accordingly.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0525", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Seton, 30 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Seton, William\nPhiladelphia, June 30, 1794. Asks \u201cwhether domestic or foreign sail Cloth shall be used for our frigates.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0526", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [30 June 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Mount Vernon, June 30, 1794]\nSir,\nYour Letter of the 24 instant, covering the resignation of the Collector of Hampton, and a letter from Colo. Carrington recommending a successor to that office, came to hand by the last Post.\nAs Govr. Lee is (I believe) yet in Alexandria, I will suspend my choice in hopes of deriving some aid from his information on this head; as he has lately been a good deal in the neighbourhood of Hampton. I do it too, because I expect to commence my journey for Philadelphia on Thursday next, & because I hope no inconvenience in the interim will result from the delay.\nFurther communications from your department may be suspended until my return to Philada, especially as I am not determined as to my rout\u2014wishing to travel the smoothest road.\nYou have said nothing respecting a Successor to the Collector of York. This matter, in order that equal justice may be measured to all, is necessary.\nMount Vernon June 30. 1794.\nGo. Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0527", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 30 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Otho H.\nTreasury Department, June 30, 1794. Asks \u201cwhat Experience has decided in regard to the quality of the sail Cloth which has been used for the Cutter under your direction.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0530", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 1 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, July 1, 1794. \u201c\u2026 I have the honor \u2026 to request that a warrant may be issued in favor of John Mease as agent for Thomas Marshall \u2026 on account of whiskey purchased for the \u2026 Military supply. I inclose you Mr. Francis\u2019s application for a further sum of money, for the service at Fort Mifflin, and request that a warrant may be issued in his favor accordingly.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0532", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Meletiah Jordan, 1 July 1794\nFrom: Jordan, Meletiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nFrenchman\u2019s Bay [District of Maine] July 1, 1794. \u201cI did myself the pleasure to write you the 7th of last May informing you of the particulars relating to the seizure of the Schooner Polly of Mount Desert since which I have libelled her.\u2026 The trial now comes on the next District Court.\u2026 Your letter of the 14th of June requests to know the reason of my draft on the Collector of Boston being previous to the 1st of March, which is there being no Post established from here to Boston I am obliged to embrace such opportunities by water as appears most safe and expeditious and at that season of the year few or no vessels pass.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0533", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 1 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] July 1, 1794. Encloses \u201ca Copy of a Letter from the Director of the Mint covering the assayers report on certain french Coins.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0534", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 1 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nDepartment of State, July 1st., 1794.\nSir,\nIn answer to the letter which you did me honor of writing to me on the 27th ultimo, but which was not received until yesterday; I take the liberty of recommending that Col. Humphreys our Minister at Lisbon shall be charged with the disposition of the 800,000 Dollars, destined for Algerine objects. It is true that the French republic has interested itself, and probably with benefit to the United States in forwarding our peace with Algiers, and that Mr. G. Morris has appointed an Agent to go thither; but as he will return, and Col. Humphreys has been long conversant with the business and can carry on a sufficiently prompt intercourse with Algiers, I think he ought to be chosen for this purpose, rather than our new Minister in France. At the same time, the latter will be apprized of what is done, to enable him to make the proper explanations to the Committee of Public Safety on some one of the Twelve Commissions of Administration.\nMr. Adams may not be early enough for the opening of the loan of 800,000 Dollars; and I therefore concur with you in the measure of preparing powers to our Bankers in Amsterdam. But I take the liberty of suggesting that Mr. Adams may, if upon his arrival in Amsterdam he should think it necessary either take the management into his hands, or modify the thing as he pleases. However, it is so improbable that he would do so; that I should not be tenacious of the suggestion if you saw the smallest inconvenience in it.\nYou are the best judge, whether this authority to the Bankers can be given without a previous consultation with the President. But if an opportunity immediately presents itself, and the loan should be in danger of being hazarded in its success, or checked in its expedition by not transmitting the powers immediately, I join with you in dispatching them instantaneously, and relying on the President\u2019s approbation.\nI have the honor, Sir, to be \u2003 With respect & esteem, Yo. mo. ob. ser.\nEdm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0535", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to Alexander Hamilton and Henry Knox, [1 July 1794]\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\n[Philadelphia, July 1, 1794]\nThe Secretary of State has the honor of submitting to the Secretaries of the Treasury and of War, whether the enclosed letter from Mr. Hollingsworth, the attorney of the United States for the district of Maryland, does not place the case of the British vessel Pilgrim, which has been determined to be captured within the protection of our Coast, upon such a footing, that Mr. Fauchet may be desired to cause immediate restitution of her to the former Owners; and if the end should not be accomplished through this channel; that a peremptory order issue to that effect from the Government of the United States.\nJuly 1st 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0537", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Christopher Richmond, 1 July 1794\nFrom: Richmond, Christopher\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBaltimore 1st. July 1794Collectors Office\nSir\nAgreably to the requisition contained in your Circular Letter of the 9 Ulto. Enquiry has been made of Messrs. Samuel Smith, Wm. Yellot & David Stewart of this Town Merchants and owners of Ships, who agree generally that the Seamen of this Revenue Cutter while in Port cannot be served with Rations to support them comfortably under a Quarter of a Dollar & add that they frequently give their Seamen when a short time in Port, an allowance of Two and an half Dollars each per Week, to enable them to board themselves; prefering this Mode to the trouble of giving out Provisions Liquor &c while the Ship is loading or discharging, and repairing for a new Voyage. The Naval Officer, Surveyor, and so far as I can judge of the Matter myself, think the Sum of Twenty five Cents per Ration, will be as great an Allowance to Captain Porter as he ought to require or expect for furnishing the Cutter with Provisions. Lately the Sailors have been allowed 13 Cents per Ration, they have however murmured very much at the scantiness thereof, & most of them have left the Cutter in consequence of the great Wages given by the Merchants, who have been obliged for some Weeks Past to give at the Rate of Twenty five Dollars per Month. There are at present only four Hands in the Cutter including the Captain.\nA Hamilton Esqr.Secy Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0538", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 1 July 1794\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n\u27e8Orig:\u27e9 via London, Dupl. via Charl: pr. Ship Industry, Barnes, Tripl. pr. Ship Peggy, Elliot.\nAmsterdam 1 July 1794.\nSir!\nSince our respects of 2d Ultimo. We have received your two esteemed favors of 12 March, and 8 May to which We shall now give a general reply.\nOn the 13th of May We acknowledged the Receipt from the Treasurer of the United States, of a Bill drawn upon us by the Bank for f590,000.\u2014.\nThe Bill You directed the Treasurer of the United States to draw upon us for One million of florins, has appeared, and been discharged to the debit of the United States.\nAnd by contra We credit the United States, for a remittance made unto us, by the Treasurer of the United States of One Million of florins, to discharge the Installment fell due the first of last month on the Loan of 1 June 1782.\nWe take notice You had directed the Treasurer to value further upon us f 200,000. to be paid out of the proceeds of the last Loan, which Bills will meet the usual prompt honor as they appear.\nInclosed you have the account current of the United States with us, up to 30 Ultimo: the Balance whereon, due by us Holld. Curry f 1,526,828.11. We transfer to their credit in a new account.\nThe engagements for the last Loan, We have pushed so far, that only 258 Bonds remain undisposed of. These We fear will remain long on hand, the late events of the War in our neighbourhood, inducing our Capitalists to withold the Investment of the monies they have unemployed.\nThe Course this Loan has taken, and its actual State, cannot fail to impress most forcibly on your penetration, that We seized the only moment to urge it on, in which it could possibly have proved successfull, and likewise that, had not our Confidence in the justice and equity of your Government emboldened us to exceed your Limits of four per Cent for Charges, it would not have been in existence: Relying strongly upon this true state of the matter, and upon your experienced good disposition to state to the President of the United States, in a clear and just manner, the motives and merits of our proceedings, We await with patience and resignation, his determination on the subject of the Charges.\nWe are extremely pleased, to learn that the Object of your Envoy Etraordinarys mission to Great Britain, goes on prosperously, and that there is little or no fear, but the moderate and just, yet firm Conduct of your Government, towards that Country, will have its wished for effect: Notwithstanding your earnest desire to have remained on a friendly footing with this Government, the very strong and intimate connexion between it and the British Cabinet, would in our opinion, have rendered the continuance of peace difficult, in Case a rupture had taken place between the United States and Great Britain.\nImmediately on receipt of your letter of 8 May We wrote you a Line, destined to reach at Texel as it did, Captn. Clark then ready to sail for Baltimore, which will have evinced our readiness to execute in the best and most expeditious manner possible, your order for One Hundred Tons of Salpetre. Both here and in London the exportation is prohibited, and in Gottenburg as well as Lisbon We are assured there is no quantity of this article on hand. Hamburgh and Copenhagen thus remained the only places where the supply could be procured: We instantly directed our Friend at the former, to purchase up that quantity, or so much of it, as could be obtained there, and forward an order for the deficiency at Copenhagen. We have already advice of the purchase of about 50,000. lb. at Hamburgh, and flatter ourselves a further quantity, if not the whole of your order will be picked up: You can at least be assured, that our orders have been peremptory, to secure for you, all that hands can be laid upon, in both places, to the extent of your Commission, and that if it shall not be fully compleated, it will only be by the impossibility to scrape together such a parcel at the present juncture.\nWe shall have it shipped in all dispatch, and if possible in different Vessels, bound to Philadelphia or New York, otherwise in One, rather than subject you to a disappointment: and we shall have insurance made on the full Value.\nWith the assurance of our sincere wishes for the prosperity of the United States, and of our unfeigned regard and esteem for you personally We are \u2003 Sir! \u2003 Your mo. ob. hb. Servant\nWilhem & Jan WillinkN & J. Van Staphorst & Hubbard\nAlexand. Hamilton Esqr. Secretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0539", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 2 July 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nProvidence, July 2, 1794. \u201cAgreeable to your directions of the 23rd. of June, I enclose, with the Returns &c. due at this period, the Marshall\u2019s Receipt for One Hundred & Fifty Dollars, paid to him yesterday; those for the Monies heretofore paid, have been regularly forwarded with my Accots. conformable to your first instructions.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0542", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to Alexander Hamilton and Henry Knox, 2 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\nPhiladelphia, July 2, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of State has the honor of forwarding to the Secretaries of the Treasury and of War the opinion of the President, as to the answer to be returned to Mr. Hammond on the subject of compensation; and requests their judgment upon the kind of answer, which will best conform to the President\u2019s views.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0543", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 2 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n[Philadelphia, July 2, 1794. On July 7, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Randolph: \u201cMy letter of the second Instant will have fulfilled your wish.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0544", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 2 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nMount Vernon July 2d. 1794.\nDear Sir,\nYour private letter of the 22d. of June came duly to hand, and for the opinion contained it, I thank you. I always feel sincere gratification from the frankness, and unreserved advice of my friends, whether it coincides with my own sentiments or not.\nAs Congress, to whom the matter was referred, did not (from causes unknown to me) think proper to take up the subject of compensation for British Vessels, captured by the proscribed Privateers of France; and as this is one of the subjects committed to Mr. Jays negotiation, or at least within his powers, I do not feel disposed to make any further, or more pointed declaration to Mr. Hammond on this head, at this time. My understanding of the original communication of this business to that Gentleman, differs very widely from your interpretation of it. It is well known to the late Secretary of State, that more than once, I pointedly desired that the expression might be so guarded as to convey nothing more than an opinion of the Executive. This, it may be said (and I think) ought to have been, confirmed by the Legislature, but the fact is otherwise: and although the usage of other Nations may be opposed to this practice the difference may result from the difference between their Constitutions and ours, & from the prerogative of their Executives. The powers of the Executive of the U. States are more definite, & better understood perhaps than those of almost any other Country; and my aim has been, & will continue to be, neither to stretch, nor relax from them in any instance what ever, unless imperious circumstances shd. render the measure indispensible.\nUnder this view of the Subject, unless the case was more urgent than I think it, the matter (as it respects Mr. Hammond) had better I conceive remain on the footing it now stands; although I have no objection, as I had written to the Secretary of State (before I had received your private letter) that he might be informed informally, & verbally, that the negotiation of this, as well as other matters was transmitted to his own Court.\nWith sincere esteem & regard \u2003 I am, Dear Sir \u2003 Your Affectionate\nGo: Wash\u27e8ington\u27e9\n\u27e8Col\u27e9o. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0546", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Daniel Stevens, 3 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Stevens, Daniel\nTreasury Department, July 3, 1794. \u201cThe Commissr. of the Revenue having \u27e8de\u27e9sired your eventual agency on the business of procuring in the state of South Carolina certain kind of Timber for the building of Frigates\u2014it becomes proper to put you in possession of the requisite funds. For this purpose I have directed the Treasurer to remit you bills \u2026 for 11000 Dollars. You will please to observe, however that these bills are only to be used in proportion as the money may be wanted for actual disbursement.\u2026 It may happen that the whole of the necessary Timber will be procured in Georgia in this case you will have to indorse to John Habersham Collector of Savannah, the whole or such part of the bills remitted to you as he may require.\u2026 For the expenditures you may make towards the objects of this letter, you are authorised to charge a Commission of one per Cent.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0547", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 4 July 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston July 4th 1794\nSir\nThe post last evening brought me your letter of the 26th. Ulto. The copy of a letter from the Collector of Ba[r]nstable said to be inclosed has not come to hand. You mention that the letter relates to a request from him for a boat for the use of the inspector at Tarpentine Cove. I cannot find such a place within the district of Barnstable. There are now in the Office two Masters of vessels from it neither of them ever heard of a cove by that name. Had Tarpaulin Cove been within the district of Ba[r]nstable I should have supposed that the name had been wrong copied. That cove is in the district of Edgartown, the collector of which must be the best Judge of the importance of keeping a boat there or not.\nFrom this state of the business I can now only say in general that in my opinion few boats as possible should be kept up because That the boat men in most places from the want of constant employ become idle and acquire the habits and too often appear to the people as eaters of the public bread without doing that labour by which they should be entitled to receive it. That one dollar occasionally expended in hiring boats will go farther than five paid regular boat men. That an inspector by engaging with him a confidential friend or two may do more good in detecting frauds on the revenue than is possible to be done by boats for as soon as they are established they are as a public beacon to those who wish to evade the law and serve little other purposes than pointed them to different place where they may execute their unwarrantable purposes with less hazard. I do not know any Cove in the District of Ba[r]nstable or in Edgerton other than where boats are now keept where I think the public interest would on the whole be promoted by keeping one.\nSecy of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0548", "content": "Title: Account with William Esenbeck, [5 July 1794]\nFrom: Esenbeck, William,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, July 5, 1794]\nAlexander Hamilton Esqr.\nTo Wm. Esenbeck\nDr.\nTo a Pamphlet bot. of Thos. Dobson\nApril 12th.\nto a poorman. Alms.\nDo: 14th.\nto Wm. Cannaday Hair-dresser.\nDo: 17th.\nto Cash Ditto\nMay 8th.\nto Postage pd: by Mr. Jones for Mr. Harrison\nDo: 26th.\nto 2 poor People for Alms.\nJune 4th.\nto 2 Pounds of Cherries @ 11 d.\nDo: 9th.\nto 1 lb of Bisquits @ 6 d. p lb.\nDo: 11th.\nto 2 lb. Do. Do.\nDo. 19th.\nto a Hair-dresser.\nDo: 25th.\nto 2 lb of Bisquits @ 6 per lb\nJuly 1st.\nto Postage for a Letter by Mr. Jones.\nDollars", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0549", "content": "Title: Account with John Meyer, [5 July 1794]\nFrom: Meyer, John,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, July 5, 1794]\nAlexander Hamilton Esqr Drto John Meyer\nDollars. Cents\nApril\nTo Cash paid\nMr Young for period. music No 5 & 6\nMay\n\u201c\u2003Do\nMr Tangue 6 months Journal Etoile A.\n\u201c\u2003Do\nMr Donnant 2 months teaching\n\u201c\u2003Do\nfor a Dinner\nJune\n\u201c\u2003Do\nDuplaine, 12 Numbers monthly chron.\n\u201c\u2003Do\nMr Hamilton\n\u201c\u2003Do\nDo\nJuly\n\u201c\u2003Do\nEsenbeck\n\u201c\u2003Do\nWm Rawle, to be charged to the manufacturing Society\n\u201c\u2003Do\nJohn McElkenny, order Robt Ralston Assignee of Estate of John Dewhurst\n\u201c\u2003Do\nTench Coxe\nDollars", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0550", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, [5 July 1794]\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, July 5, 1794]\nMr. Coxe will be very much obliged to Mr. Hamilton for the sum of 80 Drs. wch. he had the pleasure to lend him\u2014if it be convenient to replace it. An unexpected call to pay off a Note for a gentleman to whom Mr. Coxe had lent his Name is the occasion of his troubling Mr. H.\nJuly 5th.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0551", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 5 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nMr. Coxe has the pleasure to enclose the papers desired by the secretary of the Treasury. He is apprehensive that the copying and comparing all the papers he writes in pursuance of the Treasury Agency for the war department will be found impracticable, considering the other business of the Clerks.\nMr. Coxe\u2019s letter to Mr. White about Mr. Zane\u2019s Iron works, had gone before the receipt of the Secretary\u2019s letter.\nWhen Mr. Coxe was informed that the Secretary\u2019s letter had gone to London without including the anchors he transmitted a great number of notes of enquiry of which he sends a copy. It was the opinion of the captains, of Mr. Allibone & others, that the extreme difficulty of making good anchors of so large a size, and the great importance of them, recommended the importation. On this ground they were suggested in the note for importation. The quanty of Anchors wanted is near 70 Tons.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0552", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 5 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nT: D: R: O. July 5th 1794\nSir\nI have the honor to transmit to you a copy of a request which I have this day made of the Secy. at war, the subject of which appears to merit your and his particular attention.\nMr. Francis has been orally desired to make out a schedule of such things heretofore ordered thro\u2019 him, the importation of which appears expedient or necessary.\nIt would be very useful to me to receive from your office an abstract alphabetically arranged and digested under distinct heads, of the Military & Indian supplies, of or for 1793 and those of or for 1794, which have been purchased or contracted for under the direction of your office, with a note of the ordinary periods of commencing the purchases of them respectively.\nFrom the advanced State of the Summer & the approach of the Sickly season, it is very much to be fear\u2019d, that there may be difficulty in immediately procuring the hands necessary for cutting the Ship timber, from the Northeron states. Should they be procured according to the orders, which were sent as soon as it was legal, it is yet to be feared, that sickness, and the sharp Insects of the southern country will retard their progress. It is my intention therefore to state these apprehensions to the gentlemen authorized to contract, and to instruct them to employ Laborers also, to be procured on the spot, if it appears to them practicable and consistent with due regard to an \u0153conomy not too rigid in a case so emergent as that of the Naval armament. I intimated to Mr. Morgan, that he would hear from me on this point, & he thought some axe men might be expected in Georgia. I find great anxiety prevailing in Philadelphia upon this subject of the winter harbor near fort Mifflin\u2014and shall be glad to know what is the prospect upon the subject. With great respect, I have the honor to be, Sir, \u2003 yr mo obt. Servt.\nT C: Commissr. of the Rev. \nThe Secy of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0554", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, [5] July 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston July [5] 1794\nSir.\nI have diligently, directly and indirectly made my enquiries respecting the comparitive value of the duck manufactured in this town with that which has been imported and on the whole after giving the subject a full and I think an impartial discussion must say that the sail cloth manufactured here is to be preferred to that which is foreign.\nHad this question been put to me two years ago I am very confident my opinion would have been different. Then the practice was to fill the warp with tow yarn. From experience it has been found that cloth thus made is not as durable as cloth filled with thread made from flax and is much more liable to shrink by wetting and to streach on being dryed. The practice now is to make the Cloth from threads spun from flax after the tow, the refuse, has been taken out hereby the firmness & strength are greatly promoted.\nI might with justice add that the Boston manufactured cloth is not equally liable to mildew owing as is said to the sizing which here is made from animal substances & not as is common in Europe from vegetables.\nSecy of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0555", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 5 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, July 5, 1794. \u201cE. Randolph begs the favor of Col. Hamilton to say to him, in answer to his letter of the 2d instant, how he shall replace Fulwar Skipwith\u2019s money so as to conform to the entries in treasury department, and exonerate himself.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0556", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 6 July 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNewport [Rhode Island] July 6, 1794. \u201cI have recd. your Circular letter of the 17th of the last month.\u2026 I have also recd. your letter of the 26th. of the same month advising me that you had remitted the penalty incurred by George W. Topham. If that case required some penalty I do not perceive how any part of it could have fallen upon the goods; for by the Proviso in the 33 Sec: of the Coasting law such goods are exempted from any forfeiture under that Act any thing therein contained to the contrary notwithstanding. As a like case may occur I should be happy to know on what part of the law your opinion is founded.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0558", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 7 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] July 7, 1794. States that he has written \u201cto Georgia & So. Carolina authorizing the Agents to hire for Mr. Morgan any wood Cutters he might want, and to provide them with axes & other implements & necessaries.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0559", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 7 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n[Treasury Department, July 7, 1794. The description of this letter in the dealer\u2019s catalogue reads as follows: \u201cAbout the remission of fines on ships, \u2018\u2026 respecting Edmund Valentine, master of the Schooner Arethus and Guilford Grinnel of the Sloop Wealthy, I have no power to remit but upon application through the District Judge. Besides \u2026 the penalty imposed by law is so moderate. I have remitted in the cases of James Underhill, Elisha Casey, George W. Topham and John Hathaway \u2026 and transmitted duplicates of my decisions to the District Court.\u2026\u2019\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0561", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 7 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\nTreasury DepartmentJuly 7th. 1794\nSir,\nMy letter of the second Instant will have fulfilled your wish, as to the voucher for the money remitted at your request to Mr. Jay. If you will pay the nine Hundred Dollars concerning the payment to Mr. Skipwith to the Cashier of the Bank of the United States and declare the object of the payment, that matter will be put right. The advance by the Bank was informal & has not come upon the Treasury Books.\nWith respect and Esteem \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir, \u2003 Your Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nThe Secretary of State.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0563-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: [An Act Making Further Provision for the Expenses Attending the Intercourse of the United States with Foreign Nations], 2 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, July 2, 1794]\nTo all to whom these Presents shall come\nWhereas by an Act passed the twentieth day of March in the present Year intitled \u201cAn Act making further provision for the expenses attending the intercourse of the United States with foreign Nations; and further to continue in force the Act intitled \u2018An Act providing the means of intercourse between the United States and foreign Nations\u2019\u201d The President of the United States is authorised to borrow the whole or any Part of the Sum of One Million of Dollars, Appropriated by the said Act. And Whereas The President of the United States of America by Virtue of the said Act hath been pleased by a Certain Commission or Warrant under his hand bearing date the eleventh day of June 1794 to Authorise and empower the Secretary of the Treasury for the time being, by himself or any other Person or Persons to borrow on behalf of the United States, within the said States or elsewhere, the whole or any part of the said Sum of One Million of Dollars, authorised to be borrowed by the Act aforesaid, and to make or cause to be made for that purpose such Contract or Contracts as shall be necessary and for the interest of the said States.\nAnd whereas the President hath deemed it adviseable that 800000 Dollars of the said 1000000 of Dollars should be borrowed in Europe.\nNow therefore Know ye that I Alexander Hamilton Secretary of the Treasury of the United States for the time being by Virtue of the said Commission Power or Warrant of the President of the United States of America have Authorised and empowered and by these Presents do authorise and empower Mess Wilhem & Jan Willink & Nicholas & Jacob Van Staphorst and Hubbard to borrow on behalf of the United States in any Part of Europe the Sum of Eight hundred thousand Dollars and to make or cause to be made for that purpose such Contract or Contracts as shall be necessary and for the interests of the said States. And for so doing this shall be their Sufficient Warrant\nIn Testimony Whereof I have caused the Seal of the Treasury to be Affixed to these presents in Triplicates and have hereunto Subscribed my hand in the City of Philadelphia the Second day of July in the Year of our Lord One thousand Seven hundred and Ninety four.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0564", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 7 July 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Comptroller\u2019s Office, July 7, 1794. \u201cIn obedience to your Letter of June 25. I have the honour to transmit a statement of the expences incurred at the respective Loan Offices for Clerkship & stationary, at the several periods therein mentioned. I have caused the number of Creditors in the different Stocks, to be stated at the same periods.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0565", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 8 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, July 8, 1794. \u201cA few days after the receipt of your letter of the 6 of April, requesting me to act temporarily in the War business of the Treasury, I found that little reliance was to be placed upon a cheap or even a certain supply of Gun powder within the United States. I was unable to get any good house to make a contract for 300 Tons which you authorized me to attempt, so as to leave an opportunity of ordering it from Europe.\u2026 In consequence I understood verbally that you had order\u2019d 100 tons of salt petre to be imported. I beg leave to remind you that an impossibility to procure it here still continues and that it is likely to continue. Mr. Francis has not been able to procure even the balance of 93 Tons of the former orders for Salt Petre to him given in 1793.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0567", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 8 July 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Boston, July 8, 1794. On August 19, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Lincoln and referred to \u201cyour favor of the 8th July last.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0568", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 8 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\nPhiladelphia July 8. 1794\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his Compliments to The Secretary of State\u2014begs leave to inform him that his opinion on the question lately proposed respecting the instruction of Mr Jay eventually to establish by Treaty a Concert with Sweden & Denmark\u2014is against the measure. The United States have peculiar advantages from situation which would thereby be thrown into common stock without an equivalent. Denmark and Sweden are too weak & too remote to render a cooperation useful\u2014and the entanglements of a Treaty with them might be found very inconvenient. The UStates, had better stand upon their own ground.\nIf a war on the question of neutral rights should take place common interest will probably secure all the cooperation which is practicable and occasional arrangements may be made. What has been already done in this respect appears therefore to be sufficient.\nThis subject has varied in the impression entertained of it but the foregoing is the final result of full reflection.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0569", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 8 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury DepartmentJuly 8. 1794\nSir,\nFrom communications with the Secretary of State, in your absence, it would appear expedient to place the powers in Holland for making a Loan for the purpose of the Algierine negotiation earlier than may be practicable, if the Minister Resident there is to be the agent. Under this view of the subject, I request your instruction whether the power shall be sent to our Commissioners at Amsterdam instead of that Minister as has been contemplated.\nWith the most perfect respect, &c.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0572", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 9 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, July 9, 1794. \u201cIf duplicates of the letters to Mr. Pinckney relative to the copper, Bunting & Hearths have not gone, it will be well to send them.\u2026 It might be well to order a second shipment on the instant, if it should be ascertained, that a capture or ship wreck had interrupted the voyage of the vessel in wh. it shall have been ship\u2019t. The money to be recovered on the policy will furnish funds.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0574", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 9 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, July 9, 1794. \u201cThe enclosed contract for Oil was recd. after the departure of the President, & it is now transmitted for the purpose of submission to him. The apprehensions of War have had some effects upon the American Whalers and the continuance of it among the greater part of the Maritime powers of Europe has either destroyed or interrupted, or greatly increased the charges of their Whale Fisheries.\u2026 An apprehension of these circumstances prompted me to secure at once a copious supply. After attempts at Philada. N York Providence, New Port, Nantucket, New Bedford & Boston, as mentioned in a former letter, the enclosed contract was the lowest.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0575", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 9 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar dept: July 9. 1794.\nSir,\nAs the building of the Frigates is closely connected with the subject of Finance I beg leave to submit to your consideration, the arrangements which I propose upon that subject.\nNo.\nis proposed instructions\nto the Agents.\nto the Superintendant\nto the builder or Constructor.\nto the Clerk of the yard.\nAny remarks you may think proper or alterations will be respectfully attended to.\nI am &c", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0576", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 9 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar Department, July 9, 1794. \u201cAgreeably to your request of the 7th. Inst. I have the honor of transmitting you the Sums to be expended upon the Fortifications specified by the Laws.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0577", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 9 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar Department, July 9, 1794. \u201cI request that you would be pleased to deside as early as may be, the articles \u2026 to be obtained by the naval Agents, at Norfolk, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Boston and Portsmouth. Altho I have not yet definite Answers from all those places, yet as soon as I shall receive them, I am desirous of putting every thing in train of execution.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0578", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 9 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n[Philadelphia, July 9, 1794. On July 12, 1794, Randolph acknowledged Hamilton\u2019s \u201cletter of the 9th. instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0579", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [9 July 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, July 9, 1794]\nSir,\nYour letter of yesterday was handed to me this day. As delay under present circumstances may attend the negotiation of a Loan in Holland by our Minister Resident there, for the purpose of the Algierine business, it appears to me expedient to send a power to our Commissioners at Amsterdam for that purpose.\nPhilada. 9 July 1794.Go. Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0580", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Whipple, 9 July 1794\nFrom: Whipple, Joseph\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPortsmouth [New Hampshire] July 9, 1794. \u201cYour letters of the 23d & 24th. Ultimo respecting the advances to be made to the Marshall of the district of New Hampshire I have received and to which due attention will be paid. Receipts for the payments already made in consequence of your letter of the 2d July 1793 have been regularly transmitted to the Office of the Comptroller with my Accounts.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0581", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Richard Harison, 10 July 1794\nFrom: Harison, Richard\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York 10th. July 1794\nDr Sir,\nMr. John G. Fraunces has been with me respecting two Drafts of the late Comrs. of the Treasury, purchased by him as he alledges from one Jasper Murdock. These Certificates or Drafts he acknowledges to have been the Property of Mr. Duer & to have been sold improperly by the Agency of Azariah Williams. The Purchase Money with Interest and Extra Premiums now amounts to a considerable Sum of Money and he is pressed by Williams for the Payment of it. Under these Circumstances he appears solicitous that a Report \u27e8sh\u27e9ould be made by the proper Officer of the Treasury upon the Subject & he seems willing to admit every necessary Fact of which he has any Knowledge. You will be best able to determine what is proper to be done. I have written at his Request, merely from an Idea that his Statement might be of some Service to the Public, or tend to remove an unmerited Imputation from another Individual.\nWith every Sentiment of Respect and Regard I remain, Dr Sir, \u2003 Your most obedt Servt &c.\nRich: Harison\nHonble. Alexr. Hamilton Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0583", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Johnson, David Stuart, and Daniel Carroll, 10 July 1794\nFrom: Johnson, Thomas,Stuart, David,Carroll, Daniel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWashington, July 10, 1794. Enclose \u201cthe Title Certificate \u2026 to Mr. Greenleaf for 1000 Lots in the City \u2026 intended to create a mortgage on these Lots for \u00a3100,000 in Holland.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0584", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Commissioners of Loans, 10 July 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Commissioners of Loans\nTreasury Department July 10th 1794\nSir\nHaving been informed by the Secretary of War that there will be an additional number of Pensioners placed on the Pension list of the several states and as it is probable that you will receive some instructions from General Knox on the subject of those residing in your state\u2014I have to request that you will as in the other cases discharge all such additional pensions out of the funds heretofore placed in your hands for the payment of Invalids.\nI am with consideration \u2003 sir \u2003 Your obedient servant\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0588", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to William Bradford, Alexander Hamilton, and Henry Knox, 11 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Bradford, William,Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\nPhiladelphia, July 11th. 1794.\nThe Secretary of State has the honor of informing the Secretaries of the Treasury and of war and the attorney general, that the President is desirous, that they would take into consideration the Resolutions lately passed by the Inhabitants of Kentucky, and the intelligence lately received from Mr. Seagrove relative to the affairs in Georgia. The President wishes to see the Gentlemen at his house at 12 oClock on Monday next, in order to deliver their opinions.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0591", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 11 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia July 11th. 1794.\n(Private)\nDear Sir,\nI am sorry to hear that your little Son continues indisposed, and wish you to carry him into the Country for a few days, if it is conceived that exercise & change of Air will be of Service to him.\nBefore you go, or as soon after as convenient, I should be glad to receive your opinion in writing, on the Kentucky & Georgia business; both of which have been communicated to you by the Secretaries of State & of War\u2014or one of them\u2014according to the information I have received.\nI sincerely wish that the excursion you propose may have the desired effect. I am Dr Sir\nYour Affecte. Servt.\nGo: Washington\nPS. \u2003 Have you draughted any answer yet to the Letter of the Marquis of Lansdowne to me, introductory of the Bishop of Autun?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0592", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, [12 July 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, July 12, 1794.] \u201cThe Commissioner of the Revenue will carefully examine these Instructions and note for me any Alterations or additions which may appear to him proper. The Limits of the two departments in these respects not being accurately marked, a spirit of accommodation is requisite.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0594", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Murray, 12 July 1794\nFrom: Murray, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York, July 12, 1794. \u201cI have this day been obliged to pay \u00a365.0.9 costs in a suit commenced in the name of Royal Flint, Wm. Seton, John Murray, Alexr. Hamilton & Jonathan Burrall against George Joy & Daniel Badcock; this suit it is well known I was always averse to having commenced, but it seems it was pressed by Mr. Holker & Mr. Ross. I shall thank you to point out the mode in which the money I have advanced may be recovered, otherwise I shall be obliged to call on you & others to pay their proportions. I did not think it necessary to have an attachment issued, that would only have added to the costs.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0596", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 12 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia July 12th 1794.\nThe Secretary of State presents his respects to the Secretary of the Treasury and has sent the report on the French Coins back to the Director of the Mint, in order that he may supply what is noted by the Secretary of the Treasury in his letter of the 9th. instant, this moment received.\nIt is hardly worth the inquiry to which department it belongs to submit the subject to the President. If the Secretary of the Treasury\u2019s intended absence from town should not render this function inconvenient to him, it will be perfectly satisfactory, that it should pass through his hands. Indeed it would be preferred. Should it be inconvenient, the Secretary of State will upon notice take it up.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0597", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 12 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, July 12th. 1794.\nThe Secretary of State presents his Compliments to the Secretary of the Treasury; and informs him, that Mr. J. Q. Adams, the Minister of the United States for the Hague has arrived in this City. The pecuniary part of his mission lying within the Treasury department, it is requested, that the instructions upon this head may be prepared there. Mr. Adams will probably sail from Boston. This circumstance is mentioned, as it may probably be of consequence to the Secretary of the Treasury, whose family is unhappily afflicted with sickness, to have as much time as possible. Mr Adams will leave this place for Boston about the 21st inst.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0599", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, [12] July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n[Philadelphia] July [12] 1794. \u201c\u2026 The items in the inclosed accounts appear \u2026 most naturally and properly charges upon the fund for foreign intercourse. The fund alluded \u2026 contemplates matters of unforeseen casualty to which no other fund is applicable.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0600", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Whipple, 12 July 1794\nFrom: Whipple, Joseph\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPortsmouth [New Hampshire] July 12, 1794. \u201cSince my letter of the 9th. instant the Marshall of the District of N Hamp. applied for & recd. the 2d M[o]iety of the 200 dollars directed to be Advanced to him.\u2026 Considering that your instruction to me of the 2d of July 1793 restricts these payments to 200 dolls Per year I cannot consistant therewith make a further payment to him in the present year without your direction.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0602", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Christopher Richmond, 13 July 1794\nFrom: Richmond, Christopher\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Baltimore, July 13, 1794. The endorsement on a letter which Hamilton wrote to Otho H. Williams on June 30, 1794, reads: \u201cAnswer\u2019d 13 July.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0604", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 14 July 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNewport [Rhode Island] July 14, 1794. \u201c\u2026 Last week arrived in this Port the Brig Industry of Saint Vincent William Harrison late master bound from St Vincent to London \u2026 captured by a French private Ship of War called the La Liberte.\u2026 The Vessel is entered at the Custom House, and I suppose the Cargo will be entered & sold here.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0605", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 14 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar Department, July 14, 1794. \u201cI request that you would please to have placed in the hands of the Naval Agents who have definitively accepted of their appointments certain sums of money with which to commence their operations.\u2026 You will be better able to form a judgement of the sum than I can, as you will decide upon the articles which are to be obtained by them.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0606", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 14 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] July 14, 1794. Returns \u201cthe Report of the Director of the Mint of the assay of foreign Coins as corrected by the Director himself.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0607", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 15 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRevenue office, July 15th. 1794\nSir,\nThe President being returned I have prepared the inclosed act relative to the State of Kentucky and the Northwestern and southern Territories upon the principles which occurred in conference during his absence. The additional Inspectors if created, will only require appointments by the President, as the inspectorships were erected by the Act of arrangement heretofore made.\nA sketch of an arrangement of Compensations will be essayed for consideration, as soon as I shall receive from the Supervisors, answers to some previous enquiries, which it appeared necessary to institute.\nI have the honor to be, with great respect, Sir, \u2003 Your most Obedt. Servant.\nTench CoxeCommissr. of the Revenue\nThe Secretaryof the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0608", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 15 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] July 15, 1794. Encloses \u201cthe certified copies of the power of the President, and of the Act authorizing the Loan of one Million of Dollars.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0610", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Andrew Dunscomb, 16 July 1794\nFrom: Dunscomb, Andrew\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nRichmond, July 16, 1794. \u201cI must rely on your goodness for a pardon in again writing you on the subject of my Petitions to Congress, and urge my situation as a cause of anxiety for a decision.\u2026 I cannot but repeat a request, that if any appointment for which I am calculated should offer, either here or elsewhere\u2014that you would give me your assistance, if proper.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0611", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Lee, [16 July 1794]\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Richmond, July 16, 1794]\nMy dear H.\nTo shew you that all is not anger & that truth may perhaps regain its empire I enclose the gazette of the day.\nAdieu\nH Lee16th. July Richmond", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0613", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Rawle, 17 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Rawle, William\nTreasury Department July 17th. 1794\nSir,\nInclosed I have the honor of transmitting to you, the Copy of a letter from the Secretary of war to me of the 1st of May last, as also the Copy of an extract of a letter from General Wayne to him, relative to the bad quality of the hats & Shoes, furnished for the use of the Army by the Contractors for 1793.\nThe President of the United States being of opinion, that the Contractors or Inspectors ought to be called to an Account, I have to request, that you will be pleased to take the necessary measures for prosecuting the Contractors & Inspectors, or such of them, against whom Actions may be supposed to lie. The Copy of the Contract sent to you herewith, will enable you to determine how far the former are liable. John Miller Junr. and John Stille were inspectors generally of all the Cloathing; but Nathaniel Waters and Peter Cooper, were specially appointed to inspect the hats & Shoes. These persons as well as the Contractors are Citizens of Philadelphia and had a liberal compensation for their trouble. Mr. Hodgdon, who superintends the Public Stores, into which the Hats & Shoes were delivered, will be able to afford you any further information that you may require on the subject.\nI am with great Respect \u2003 Sir, Your Most Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nWilliam Rawle Esqr.Attorney for the Districtof Pennsylvania", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0617", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 19 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, July 19, 1794. Requests \u201cthat the sum of five thousand Dollars may be placed in the hands of the Supervisor of Virginia, for the purpose of paying for 5000 Ca[r]tridge Boxes agreeably to Contract made with Mr. John Tinsley of Columbia dated the 25th. of April last.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0619", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Francis Corbin, [20 July 1794]\nFrom: Corbin, Francis\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Buckingham, Virginia, July 20, 1794]\nDear Sir\nAn absence from home of three Weeks has prevented me from returning an earlier answer to your favor of the 17th: of June.\nI feel myself under many obligations to you for your attention to my Request in favor of Mr. George Turner, because it proves that you have done me the justice to impute my Recommendation of him to the proper motives\u2014not less to a Wish to serve the public than to serve him.\nThe vacant Collectorship on the Rappahannock was so judiciously filled, in every point of view, as to leave me no Cause whatever of Regret for the failure of my application. But I cannot help regretting, on every Account, that Mr. Turner\u2019s local situation will not permit me to avail myself of your friendly intimation, with respect to a probable vacancy on another River.\nBe assured, however, My Dear Sir, that we are impressed as we ought to be, & both bend under the weight of your goodness. Calumny and misrepresentation are the only Weapons made use of by the faction of Virginia. By a dexterous management of these they have brought into popular disrepute, and even into popular odium some of the Wisest and best characters in the U. States.\nMen of more than common discernment have been seduced by their Artifices, and the Voice of Truth has been silenced by the Noise of Falsehood.\nThe temporary ascendancy which the latter has acquired over the former is owing to Fear and ignorance. To a fear of incurring unpopularity by defending those who have been rendered unpopular, and to a want of Sufficient Information to undertake and support their defence. Fortified with Facts, One bold Advocate for Truth might not despair however, in the course of a Single Session of our Legislature, of baffling the shallow pretences of Calumny and the Party.\nIf, by a Zeal in the Cause of Virtue and Talents, apportioned to the violence and virulence with which they are attacked, it could be brought within the compass of my feeble exertions to become this Advocate, I would cheerfully undertake the Task.\nUntill the Phalanx, into which the Faction is embodied, be broken, this unhappy state can never expect to see itself represented, as it might be, in Congress.\nWar is waged by this Faction agt. Every Candidate who possesses the Union of Requisites. Independent Fortune, independent principles\u2014Talents and integrity are denounced as Badges of Aristocracy; but if you add to these good manners and a decent appearance, his political Death is decreed without the benefit of a Hearing. In short, with a few Exceptions every thing that appertains to the character of a gentleman is ostracised. That yourself and Mr. Jay should be no Favorites in Virginia then is not to be wondered at.\nBut all those, whose good opinion is worth your Acceptance, entertain for you both the same veneration and Esteem, and hear the aspersions of your Enemies with the same indignation that I do who, after the closest Examination and the purest Conviction, can conscientiously subscribe with Every Sentiment of Sincerity and Regard.\nDear Sir, \u2003 Your Most faithful \u2003 and Obt. Servt.\nFrancis Corbin\nBuckinghamMiddlinnVirginiaJuly 20th. 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0620", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Lewis Tousard, 20 July 1794\nFrom: Tousard, Lewis\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWilmington [North Carolina] July 20, 1794. \u201cMon ame est navr\u00e9e de douleur! Vous \u00eates bon pere, bon mari; Mes enfans n\u2019ont plus de mere et moi j\u2019ai perdu celle qui faisoit tout mon bonheur.\u2026 Heureux Epoux heureux pere, plaignez moi.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0621", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 21 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, July 21, 1794. \u201cI beg the favor of being informed what measures have been taken for the supply of the Recruits & troops at places other than those which are comprehended in the general Contract for the main Army and the western posts. An enquiry from the War Office has been produced by the sailing of the detachment for Charleston. Three months supply will go from hence and I have written to Mr. Stevens to asscertain whether orders have been given, and if not, to attend to the business untill he shall hear again. It would be very useful to have a statement (detailing times, places, quantities &ca) of rations, Clothing, quarter masters & hospital stores, for the past, and for the current year.\u2026 The Secretary at war urging the completion of the deliveries of the Clothing contemplated by your Contract with Messrs. Giberts, I have, in your absence, pressed them upon the subject.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0622", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 21 July 179[4]\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Newport, Rhode Island] July 21, 179[4]. \u201cI have recd. your letters of the 7th. & 8th. of this month. Edmund Valentine and Guilford Grinnell paid their penalties, the United States have been credited for their part thereof.\u2026 The Proceedings in the case of the Joanna Danl. Anthony master which you mention as returned, have not been yet received by the District Judge. In my letter of the 21st. of last April I mentioned the then circumstances of the bale of cotton. About three weeks ago Anthony produced to me satisfactory proof, that it belonged to Wm. Carr who claimed it, imported it into Baltimore from Islet and had paid or secured to be paid the duties thereon; whereupon I delivered it to Daniel Anthony.\u2026 I conceived that I could not consistently with law any longer detain the bale of Cotton.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0623", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Habersham, 21 July 1794\nFrom: Habersham, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Savannah, July 21, 1794. On August 19, 1794, Tench Coxe wrote to Habersham: \u201cI received yesterday from the Secy. of the Treasury your letter to him of the 21 Ulo.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0624", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 23 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] July 23, 1794. Encloses \u201cthe Bond given according to law by John Murray & Joseph Lindley for the faithful discharge of the Consular Office held by Monsr. de la Motte of Havre.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0625", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 23 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nNew York Wednesday 23. July 1794.\nSir\nWhen I left Philadelphia I did not doubt that a week would be the extent of my absence. But circumstances have unavoidably delayed me beyond that time, & at this moment I am under a necessity of embarking to accompany Mrs Hamilton on her way to Albany as far as Fish Kill, where I shall land & repair to Philadelphia. I hope & believe that no material inconvenience will attend my absence\u2014& when the delicate state of Mrs Hamilton\u2019s health is taken in connexion with that of the Child, I trust they will afford a justification of the procrastination.\nI have the honor to be &c.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0626", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 24 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, July 24, 1794. \u201cMr. Spillard, the contractor for military rations at Philadelphia is desirous of receiving a payment of seven hundred Dollars on account of his deliveries in the current quarter.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0629", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 25 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, July 25, 1794. On July 26, 1794, Tench Coxe wrote to Knox: \u201cI have before me your letter of the 25 instant to the Secy of the Treasury.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0630", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Gouverneur Morris, 25 July 1794\nFrom: Morris, Gouverneur\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nSainport [France] 25. July 1794\nDear Sir\nI had the Honor to transmit to you on the twenty third of last April an Account of the payments made in Consequence of your letter of the 15th. of September 1792. Since which I have written to correct an Omission in that account of a payment made in Holland by my Order of the Amount due to the person who stands the twenty sixth in the list you sent me. On the fifth Instant and in Consequence of an Application from Mr. Pinckney I have directed the Bankers at Amsterdam to pay to his order the Ballance due on No. 25. Wherefore supposing that to be effected I now annex a new List of the payments such as they will stand when that credit shall have been employed by Mr. Pinckney.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0632", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Christopher Richmond, 26 July 1794\nFrom: Richmond, Christopher\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBaltimore, July 26, 1794. \u201cEnclosed are the Weekly returns \u2026 together with the Treasurer\u2019s order on the Collector of this Port for Five Hundred Dollars payable to me, for the purpose of defraying the expence of Fortifying the Harbour of Baltimore\u2014 which sum I have paid over to Captain Samuel Dodge who has the superintendance of the Works.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0634", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 28 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, July 28, 1794. On July 29, 1794, Tench Coxe wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI have this moment received under cover from the Secy. at War an open letter for you of the 28 inst.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0635", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 29 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nSir\nI have this moment received under cover from the Secy. at War an open letter for you of the 28 inst. desiring an arrangement for supplies to be made at Fredericksburg Virga. for a recruiting rendezvous for the new Corps of Artillerists & Engineers. In that letter he refers to a similar letter to you of the 16th of June, desiring several arrangements of the same kind to be made for the same corps. Of this I have never received any information. I have to request the favor of the secretary\u2019s said Letter of the 16th. ult. with copies of such as you may have written on the subject, or to be informed whether any order has been taken in pursuance of that application.\nWith great respect I have the honor to be Sir yr. mo Obedt. Servt.\nTench Coxe Commissr. of the Reve.\nThe Secy. of the Treasy.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0636", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Samuel Tredwell, 29 July 1794\nFrom: Tredwell, Samuel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Edenton, North Carolina, July 29, 1794. On January 15, 1795, Tredwell wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI had the honor to write you on the 29 July last.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0637", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 30 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, July 30, 1794. \u201cHaving applied to Wm. Wyatt Esqr. postmasr. at Fredericksburg Virga. to procure a contract for supplies to be made at that place, for a recruiting party of the artillerists &ca. I have to request that an adequate remittance of money may be made for the purpose. He will of course also make provision for the quarter masr. and Hospital supplies.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0638-0001", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Short, 30 July 1794\nFrom: Short, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nMadrid July 30. 1794\nsir\nI have hitherto on more than one occasion & particularly in my letter of the 7th. of March last, done myself the honor of informing you of M. de Gardoqui\u2019s desire to unite certain claims of Spain against the U.S. with the specified debt, which under your authority I had directed the Bankers at Amsterdam to pay off. I have also informed you of my determination to confine myself simply to the debt specified by you (& for which I learned from Mr. Carmichael after my arrival here, an obligation had been given by Mr Jay & deposited in the Treasury of Madrid) leaving unsettled claims to be adjusted between the two Governments. The letters which passed between M. de Gardoqui & myself on that subject copies of which I had the honor of forwarding to you in mine of March the 7th. will have explained to you the latest steps I had then taken. The steps which had been previously & progressively taken after I had determined to have this debt paid off, you were regularly informed of.\nAt the time of my writing the letters to M. de Gardoqui of Nov 30 & Dec. 10. it was under the idea that the debt of 174,011 dollars with interest was completely paid agreeably to the acct. of the payments transmitted to me by the bankers at Amsterdam\u2014& on that ground I demanded the release in full. It turned out afterwards that two of the bills of exch. sent here were protested for non-payment, which of course left a balance still due. I therefore pressed the subject no further until the bankers made up this balance by transmitting me another bill for the purpose. I recieved it back on the 3d of June & immediately transmitted it to M. de Gardoqui in my letter of the same date, a copy of which I herein inclose together with translations of two from him of June 15. & June 27th.\u2014intended as an answer\u2014& also Copy of my reply of June 29th. I trouble you with these letters to shew that nothing has been left undone on my part to obtain the proper release for the debt paid, so that the payments might not be hereafter confounded with any other claims to be brought against the U.S. & that it might be clearly seen that I had strictly confined myself to the debt specified by you in the statement you formerly sent me.\nM. de Gardoqui according to the usage here, of remaining silent when they are embarrassed as to finding reasons for what they do, has not replied to my letter of June 29. He has simply informed me that he had ordered a general reciept to be given by the Treasury of all the sums paid by my order & that he would send it to me immediately on recieving it.\nI formerly mentioned to you the usage followed in making these payments. Before my arrival here the bills were indorsed to M de Gardoqui by the bankers of the U.S. at Amsterdam. As they did not recieve answers to their letters inclosing them they chose after my arrival here to indorse them to me. I immediately indorsed them to M. de Gardoqui, who acknowleged the reciept of the bills immediately, & as soon as they were realized sent me Treasury reciepts for their amount. These Treasury reciepts of which I successively gave notice to the Bankers at Amsterdam, have been kept in my hands to be forwarded to you & disposed of as you should direct. As a proper & safe opportunity now presents itself by Mr. Blake (formerly sent with dispatches to Mr Carmichael & myself & now about to return to America) I think I cannot do better than to inclose them to you. You will therefore find them herein date & amount as follows:\nReals Vn\nMay 1.\nmedes\nMay 2.\nJune 17\nSep. 30\nNov 28.\nJune 20\nIt is scarcely necessary to observe to you, that my agency as to these bills having been confined simply to indorse them, to M. de Gardoqui, on the moment of recieving them, they in no way enter into my acct with the U.S. which I have now drawn out from July 1 1792 to July 1. 1794 & which is detained to be sent also by the present conveyance to the sec. of State, as heretofore, & to which I beg leave to refer you, as I understood from your letter of Feb: 1. 1793. that this mode met your approbation. That acct is of course confined to such sums as came into my hands\u2014viz my salary & those drawn for my expences on the mission to Spain.\nI beg leave to repeat what I have already mentioned that I do not have the honor of learning from you whether my letters get to your hands. The last acknowleged by you was that of Nov 2. 1792. written from the Hague. I afterwards wrote you from the same place Nov. 29. & Dec. 17. 1792. & from this Country Feb. 5. 25. 29. March. 22. 30. May 11 (private in answer to your private of Feb. 5) Oct. 17. 1793. & Feb. 15. March 7. 1794. The letters which I have had the honor of recieving from you in this Country have been regularly acknowleged. The last was that of Aug. 12. 1793.\nI formerly mentioned to you the power of attorney I had sent to the Commissioners conformably to the model they had asked. They have informed me of its having gotten to their hands but of their having considered it proper to anticipate the business under the conditional power they had recieved from you. You will have recieved of course this information from them. I have relied on their direct correspondence with you for such matters as relate to the business at Amsterdam; having repeatedly mentioned to you the state of correspondence between this Country & that, & consequently the inconvenience to which you would be unavoidably exposed during my residence here if the business were continued to be transmitted through me. I have the honor to be with the most perfect respect, sir, your most obedt. & most humble servt.\nW: Short\nHonble.Alexander Hamilton secretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0638-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: William Short to Diego de Gardoqui, 3 June 1794\nFrom: Short, William\nTo: Gardoqui, Diego de\nAranjuez [Spain] June 3, 1794\nsir\nBy this days post via Lisbon, I have recieved the inclosed bill of exch: for Dos 1220.19.4 drawn by Courteau Echenique Sanchez of Amsterdam on Mess. Pradal Truegas of Madrid, which I do myself the honor of indorsing to Y.E.\u2014it being the amount of the two bills for interest which had been formerly remitted here on account of the debt due by the U.S. to Spain\u2014the interest being calculated up to the 2nd of August following, when this bill became due.\nThis will leave the payment of that debt in the same state which I had the honor to announce to Y.E. on the 30th. of Nov. last, & I therefore do myself the honor of repeating \u27e8Sir\u27e9 my request then made, that is to say, that Y.E. having examined & found just the statement made by the bankers of the U.S. of the payments of 174.011 dollars with interest thereon being completed, will direct the original obligation deposed in the Royal treasury \u27e8to be\u27e9 returned to me, & the customary release given.\nWhen I had formerly the honor of making this request Y.E. replied by your letter of the 7th of Decr. that the debt of the U.S. was much more considerable. \u27e8As\u27e9 this proceeded from \u27e8\u2013\u27e9 the claims which Y.E. informed me existed against the U.S., with the specified debt which I had the honor of informing Y.E. I was directed to pay, I take it for granted my letter of the 10th. of Dec. to Y.E. must have put this subject in its proper light & I therefore beg leave to refer Y.E. to it.\nI have chosen to wait until I should recieve the balance of \u27e8that\u27e9 debt \u27e8\u2013 \u2013\u27e9, before troubling Y.E. again to renew my request to be enabled by the customary forms to shew to the sec. of the Treasury of the U.S. that I have executed his orders in discharging the debt of 174.011 dollars with interest thereon, which the bankers of the U.S. informed me was done agreeably to the account which they transmitted to me.\nH.E. Dn. Diego de Gardoqui, Minister of Finance &c. &c. &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0638-0003", "content": "Title: Enclosure: William Short to Diego de Gardoqui, 29 June 1794\nFrom: Short, William\nTo: Gardoqui, Diego de\nMadrid June 29. 1794\nSir\nI have had the honor of recieving the letter which Y.E. addressed to me on the 27th. together with the Treasury reciept inclosed.\nY.E. observes that information which will be soon sent from America is indispensable in order to reply to my letter of the 10th. of Dec. last, on the subject of the discharge of the obligation of the U.S. to Spain, which is deposed in the Treasury at Madrid as I suppose signed by Mr. Jay.\nAs I should apprehend that there must be some misconception on this subject I will beg leave to repeat to Y.E. what has hitherto passed in order that it may be seen in a clear light. On my first arrival in this country & having the honor to speak with Y.E. on the subject of the payments which were making to Spain by the bankers of the U.S. on account of the specified debt of 174,011. dollars, which I had recieved orders to have discharged, Y.E. informed me that there were other claims on the part of Spain against the U.S. I then mentioned to Y.E. that it would be proper to make them known to the Government of the U.S. & advised your transmitting them to the agents of Spain at Philadelphia for that purpose. I thought I had then satisfied Y.E. that there was no person in Europe authorized to settle claims against the U.S. & that my powers particularly extended no further than to pay off the debt for which an obligation had been already given by an authorized agent of the U.S. & which had been stated to me to amount to an 174,011 dollars with the interest thereon.\nWhen the bankers of the U.S. had completed this payment, they transmitted to me an account thereof together with a bill of exchange making the just balance due. In forwarding it to Y.E. on the 30th. of Nov. last, I added my request that Y.E. having examined & found that that payment was completed would direct the original obligation to be returned to me. Y.E. having replied thereto that although all the information necessary to ascertain the debt had not yet arrived yet you could assure me it was much greater than that I had mentioned, shewed that Y.E. still considered me as authorized to take measures with respect to an unascertained debt notwithstanding I had expressly & repeatedly stated the contrary. I therefore did myself the honor of addressing Y.E. my letter abovementioned of the 10th. of Dec. to which I beg leave again to refer Y.E. & in which among other things I had the honor of stating to Y.E. that my orders were to pay off a specified debt & that it would be out of my province to interfere in any other\u2014asking of Y.E. at the same time that if there were any other debt due by the U.S. that it might be specified to the Government of the U.S.\nAs some of the bills of exchange which had been transmitted by the bankers of the U.S. were afterwards returned protested by Y.E. I did not choose to trouble Y.E. further with respect to the original obligation being delivered to me, as had been requested in my letters of Nov. 30 & Dec. 10. until those bills should be replaced. The letter which I have now had the honor of recieving from Y.E. inclosing the treasury reciept abovementioned for the bill which the bankers of the U.S. sent to replace those which had been protested, I beg leave to observe to Y.E. that according to their acct. the debt of the U.S. for 174,011. dollars with the interest thereon, is discharged & that if Y.E. finds their statement to be just I hope Y.E. will direct the original obligation for that sum to be returned to me, in order that I may transmit it to the secretary of the Treasury of the U.S. & thereby shew that I have fulfilled the orders which I recieved & which he had a right to expect I should have done long ago, as he had provided the funds therefore & put them at my disposition for almost two years past, & of which I took measures to have this Government immediately informed.\nI suppose it unnecessary to trouble Y.E. with again repeating that whatever information Y.E. may recieve from America for ascertaining other claims against the U.S. can in no way regard the object on which I have the honor to address Y.E. having no authority to enter on the adjustment of those claims, which I again suppose Y.E. will find proper to transmit to the Government of the U.S. who alone are competent to their settlement, & who Y.E. may be assured will not fail to discharge whatever debt may be shewn to them to be due.\nI have thought it necessary to be thus particular on the subject that no doubt might remain as to the propriety of returning the original obligation, if its amount has been paid into the Royal treasury, as I am in daily expectation of having an opportunity of transmitting it to the secretary of the Treasury of the U.S. which opportunity I might lose if it were longer delayed.\nI have the honor to be with sentiments of the most perfect respect \u2003 Your Excellency\u2019s\nH.E. Dn. Diego de Gardoqui, Minister of Finance &c &c &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0640", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Elizabeth Hamilton, 31 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hamilton, Elizabeth\n[Philadelphia] Thursday July 31. 1794\nI arrived here, My beloved Eliza, yesterday, too late to write by the Post\u2014but am happy to be able to inform you that the precious little ones we left behind are well. As there is a vacation at this time, I propose sending the two youngest to Mrs. Morris\u2019s who has requested it, or to Mrs. Bradford\u2019s\u2014I have not intirely determined which.\nI shall expect with infinite anxiety a letter from you & heaven Grant that it may bring me good tidings of the health of yourself & the dear Children with you. Alas my beloved Johnny\u2014what shall I hear of you! This question makes my heart sink. Adieu\nLove to all the family\nYr. ever Affec\nMuch as I wish you to be with us I entreat you My beloved Eliza not to precipitate your Return till the Warm Weather is over. I have \u27e8\u2013 \u2013 \u2013\u27e9 heart that your health \u27e8\u2013 \u2013 \u2013\u27e9 benefit if some continue \u27e8\u2013 \u2013 \u2013\u27e9\nMrs. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0641", "content": "Title: Report to the Governor of North Carolina, [31 July 1794]\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Governor of North Carolina\n[Philadelphia, July 31, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury on the Letter from the Governor of North Carolina of the 25 of February last and the accompanying documents referred to him by the President respectfully makes the following Report.\nWilliam Skinner Commissioner of Loans for North Carolina, by two letters dated at Hillsborough the 22 of July 1791, informed the Secretary of the Treasury of certain resolutions of the Executive of that State, which bore date the 20th. of July 1791 for authorizing Francis Childs, Comptroller, to subscribe to the Loan then depending in certificates of State debt, on or before the last day of September following, all such Certificates of the debt or other public securities of the State of North Carolina as then were in his possession or might come into his possession before the said day.\nThe Secretary by a letter of the 12th. of August, in reply to those letters, instructed the Commissioner of Loans to receive provisionally the Certificates which should be offered by the State; giving a receipt expressing that they were to be submitted to the Secretary of the Treasury for his decision. This was done in order that the question might be decided upon mature consideration with the aid of the advice of the proper Law Officer. It appeared advisable to act with circumspection in a case which affected the pretensions or claims of all the States severally.\nBut the Commissioner proceeding on a former intimation of an opinion from the Treasury, that the Certificates or Securities of a State once discharged or redeemed could not rightfully be subscribed to the Loan, refused to receive the subscription offered on behalf of the State, which he announced in a letter of the 11th. of August.\nAnd by one of the 29th of that month he transmitted information, that an attempt had been made to impose on him a subscription, as on account of an individual, of Certificates, which in fact belonged to the State and were to accrue to it\u2019s benefit.\nOn the 8th. of September, the Secretary wrote a letter to the Commissioner recurring to and confirming the instruction of the 12th of August. In that letter, he animadverted upon the deceptive transaction, which had been announced by the Commissioner, and directed him to make it known to the Governor, as a matter which it was not doubted he would disapprove and take measures to prevent a repitition of.\nThe Commissioner in consequence of the before mentioned instruction of the 12th of August, on the 30 of September following, accepted a provisional subscription on behalf of the State amounting to 409570 Dollars and 17 Cents, that is to say, subject to the decision of the Secretary of the Treasury. This acceptance was communicated by a Letter of the 15th. of October, which letter confirmed the fact of an attempt circuitously and deceptively to impose a subscription, as on behalf of an individual, which was in reality on behalf of the State; naming Duncan McRae as the agent in this dishonorable proceeding, who appeared as the Attorney of Duncan McAulan. The letter from the Governor to the President speaks of this transaction, as of a sum of 22415 Dollars and 10 Cents which \u201cwere lodged in the hands of the Commissioner of Loans by a certain Duncan McAulan\u201d and by him transferred to the State of North-Carolina.\nOn the 2d. of November, the Secretary requested the opinion of the then Attorney General of the United States on the question, upon which the validity of the subscription by the State of North-Carolina depended, which on the 9th. of that month was received and is to this effect. That certificates issued by a State, which had been redeemed by that State, could no longer be considered as a debt due by the State and were therefore inadmissible on the Loan.\nIn conformity with this opinion agreeing with that entertained by the Secretary on the maturest reflection, and as is believed unquestionably just, the Comptroller of the Treasury, by direction of the Secretary, on the 16th. of november informed the Commissioner of Loans of North Carolina, of the opinion of the Attorney General and directed him to surrender the Certificates, which had been deposited, to the State; having first indorsed upon them that they had been presented on Loan and rejected.\nThe motive to this last precaution was plainly this. It appeared, by direct official information, that some agent of the State had so far forgotten what was due to it\u2019s character and to the rules of fair proceeding towards the Government of the United States, as to have attempted, in an indirect and clandestine manner, to impose on the officers of the latter, as Certificates belonging to an individual, and consequently unredeemed and intitled to be subscribed to the Loan, Certificates which in fact belonged to the State, and which consequently had been redeemed and were not intitled to be subscribed to the Loan. It was thought adviseable by some memorandum upon each of these certificates to prevent the possibility of a future consummation of the reception, which had once been detected and defeated. It was certain, that no injury to the interest of North Carolina could arise from a memorandum of that kind on papers which were the mere vouchers of a debt extinguished; a character which could in no wise be impaired by such memorandum. It was not foreseen, that the sensibility of the State could have been excited by a precaution calculated to guard the United States from imposition (which had been once attempted) by the infidelity of some of it\u2019s agents: and it is confided, that on a review of the circumstances, with the aid of more accurate information, the displeasure of the State will find no other object, than that infidelity; the only thing in the whole transaction which has a real tendency to disparage it\u2019s dignity.\nWith regard to the second point, namely the non payment of interest on the difference between the sum, which had been subscribed in certificates of State Debt, and that which was permitted to be subscribed, The following particulars will explain, and it is hoped justify the course which has been pursued by this Department.\nMoney with suitable instructions for the payment thereof to the state of North Carolina, as in other like cases, was lodged with the Commissioner of Loans in season to meet the first dividend which became payable on the 1st. day of April 1792. According to the instructions from the Treasury, this dividend might at any time have been demanded until May 1st. 1793. It is however proper to observe, that a letter was received from the Commissioner dated April 4th. 1793, which first announced, that an instruction from the Secretary of the Treasury, dated August 15th. 1792, had been mis-construed, so as to suspend the payment to the State, from the time that letter was received; but even according to the erroneous ideas entertained by the Commissioner, the State might at any time have received the first quarters interest by application between April 1st. 1792 and the receipt of the Secretary\u2019s letter beforementioned. The reasons for the suspension on the 1st of May 1793 will hereafter be stated.\nNo money was placed with the Commissioners for the payment of interest to the States in the subsequent quarters of 1792 & 1793, for the following reasons\u2014\nBy a supplementary Law passed on the 8th. of May 1792, the term for receiving the assumed debt on Loan, was prolonged until the 1st. of March 1793. This rendered it impracticable to ascertain what sum would be payable to the States, until the proceedings under the supplementary Loan were known at the Treasury; the suspension of payments for the ensuing quarters was therefore a necessary inference from the Law.\nThe circumstances which caused the instruction of May 1st. 1793, for a final suspension of the payment of the first dividend are these\u2014\nThe seventeenth section of the Act making provision for the Debt of the United States, directs the payment of interest to a State on differences of the abovementioned kind \u201cuntil there shall be a settlement of accounts between the United States and the individual States and in case a ballance shall then appear in favour of such State until provision shall be made for the said ballance.\u201d\nThe payment of such interest, as to it\u2019s continuance, was therefore conditional and contigent.\nWhen the Commissioners were about completing the settlement of accounts between the United States and individuals States (to wit in 1793) they demanded of the Treasury a statement of such payments of interest as had been made to any state, in order that the proper debit against the State might be made, agreeably to the 19th. section of the Act which directed it\u2019s payment. This statement was accordingly furnished. It could of course only include such sums as had been actually paid. North Carolina New York, New Jersey and Delaware had received nothing, having themselves omitted the requisite measures for the purpose.\nThe return to the Commissioners corresponded with the fact, and that return once made, it became necessary in order to fulfil the intent of the Law to suspend future payments. The States to whom they might have been made could not afterwards have been debited with them as the Law contemplated and Justice required. It was even presumeable, that States which had delayed receiving the sums to which they were intitled had done so from the uncertainty (till a settlement was effected) whether they could retain the sums received; not choosing to receive them temporarily under an obligation to reimburse, if a balance should appear against them.\nBut however this might be; as the completing of a payment depended on the Willingness of a State to receive\u2014no payment could be considered as made, till the money was received on behalf of a State none could be returned to the Commissioners as made, till so consummated\u2014and after a return was made to those officers, no further payment could be allowed, consistently with the general intent of the Law for the reason already given til the result of the settlement was known.\nIn the State of North Carolina, the Commissioner was not able to ascertain the amount of the subscriptions under the supplementary Law until May 1793, and his return was not received at the Treasury, until June following, at which time it was evidently impracticable to effectuate a payment to the State, so that the sum could be included in the general settlement.\nA ballance having been reported on that settlement against North Carolina The suspension of the payment became by this circumstance absolute. It would have been clearly illegal afterwards to make payment.\nSuch was the reasoning by which The Treasury was guided.\nThe proceedings, in regard to the final suspension of the interest for the first quarter of 1792, were uniform in respect to all the States, which had foreborne to avail themselves of the provision seasonably. A similar suspension actually took place, in the States of New York, New-Jersey and Delaware. In the States which received payment, the first quarters interest for 1792, was deducted from the dividends in favor of the subscribing creditors, who were referred to the respective States for payment.\nA Confidence is entertained that it will appear in this as in the other case, that justice impartiality, the true meaning of the Laws and the general interest have been consulted and promoted without injury or intention of injury to the State of North Carolina.\nThe Conduct of the Commissioner, as suggested, in refusing an inspection of the Certificates, was unauthorized by this Department. He has been written to on the subject and his answer when received shall be communicated.\nThe documents herewith marked A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. and K. will further explain the above representation.\nAll which is respectfully submitted\nAlexander HamiltonSecry. of the Treasury\nTreasury DepartmentJuly 31st. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-0642", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from David Stuart and Daniel Carroll, 31 July 1794\nFrom: Stuart, David,Carroll, Daniel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWashington, July 31, 1794. State that James Greenleaf is unable to raise the money necessary to secure a mortgage on lots in Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-16-02-9001", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [2 May 179[4]]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, May 2, 179[4]]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury has the honor of enclosing herewith the draft of a Passport for the President\u2019s signature intended for the brigantine Lily, now at Baltimore. The case was here before the Secretary\u2019s letter of yesterday was sent to the President, and was overlooked.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0001", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 1 August 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, August 1, 1794. Requests \u201ca payment to be made to John J. Feach & Co. of the sum of five thousand Dollars on a/count of a contract made with them for the casting of a quantity of Kentledge or Iron Ballast & Cannon ball.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0002", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, [1 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, August 1, 1794]\nDr. Sir\nSundry papers were sent to you to day by Judge Wilson to get the hand writing proved. Did you get them? Has the needful been done? Have they been returned? Pray be in Town tomorrow Morning at seven oClock.\nYrs\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0003", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, [1\u201315 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, August 1\u201315, 1794.] \u201cIt will be proper to instruct Mr. Carrington to give facility to a legal decision in any case where it may be desired\u2014taking care to secure an appeal in the last resort to the Supreme Court.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0004", "content": "Title: Deposition of Francis Mentges, [1 August 1794]\nFrom: Mentges, Francis\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, August 1, 1794]\nPhiladelphia (to wit) Francis Mentges at present of the City of Philadelphia maketh oath That he arrived at Pittsburgh in the County of Alleghanny on the 22 of July last past and continued there until the 25 of the same month. That it was there matter of public notoriety and general conversation that several collections of armed men had on the seventeenth of the same month successively made repeated attacks upon the house of General John Neville Inspector of the Revenue for and on account of his holding and exercising the said Office and to oblige him to relinquish the same in the course of which attacks one of the Assailants was killed and several of them wounded and some persons who assisted in defending the house were also wounded and the said house with the adjoining barn & stables were burnt down by the said Assailants\u2014moreover that David Lenox Marshall of the District had been taken into custody by some of the said armed collections in consequence of his having been there for the service of certain processes in relation to laws of the United States laying duties on distilled spirits and on stills but was afterwards released and that the said Marshall together with the said Inspector of the Revenue had descended the Ohio in a Boat to avoid personal violence or the being compelled by force to enter into engagements or do acts contrary to the duties of their respective Offices and also by reason of the difficulty and danger which would probably have attended an attempt on their part to pass by any of the usual routes to the seat of Government. And the said Deponent further saith that on the twenty fourth of the same month of July he saw & conversed at Pittsburgh aforesaid with Hugh Brackenridge who informed him that he had been the day preceding at a Meeting of sundry persons about One hundred and forty in number at Mingo Creek Meeting House in the County of Washington consisting generally of the most respectable people of that County including sundry Magistrates & principal Officers of Militia and the Recorder who were assembled to consider the propriety of ratifying and supporting the measures which had been taken towards obstructing the execution of the Excise law by the proceedings on the seventeenth as above mentioned\u2014that it was there proposed that the Meeting should approve the said proceedings and pledge themselves to stand by each other until the Excise law was repealed and an Act of Oblivion passed\u2014which proposition was not agreed to but instead of it it was proposed and agreed to that the four Western Counties of Pensylvania and the neighbouring counties of Virginia should be invited to assemble by delegates in a Convention to be holden on the fourteenth of this present Month of August in Mingo Creek aforesaid at Parkinson\u2019s in the county of Washington to take into consideration the situation of the Western Counties and adopt such measures as should appear suited to the exigency. And this Deponent further saith that from the general state of affairs in the said Western Counties of Pensylvania as they came under his observation he doth verily believe that it is intirely impracticable to execute the laws aforesaid by the means of civil process and Judiciary proceeding. And further this Deponent saith noth.\nF Mentges\nSworn this first Day of August 1794 at the City of Philadelphia before me. [The Subscriber One of The Alderman of the said City.]\nReynold Keen", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0005", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, [1\u20136 August] 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNewport [Rhode Island, August 1\u20136] 1794. \u201cOn the 9th. day of May last the Schooner Harmony of Somerset whereof Preserved Pierce now is master or commander, an enrolled and licensed vessel arrived in this Port from Somerset in the District of Dighton laden with the produce and manufacture of the United States and desired to be endorsed master of said Vessel. I asked him for his papers, upon which he produced her Enrollmt. & License. I then asked him for his Manifest he told me he had none. I informed him that he had incurred the penalty of 20 dollars, shewed him the Law & told him that it was my duty to enforce it. As he lived out of this State I issued a Writ against him. Whereupon \u2026 I was told that he had determined to stand trial \u2026 and it appeared from conversation \u2026 the Defendent meant to rely principally on this point, that the Defendt. could not be considered as master or commander of the Vessel until he was endorsed as such; and to endeavour to influence the Jury by representing the hardship of the case\u2014that no fraud was intended, &c. &c. It will be proved that the Defendt. reported the change of master & exhibited the papers of the Vessel to the Collector desired to be endorsed master of her, and that he declared he had no manifest of her lading. The District Attorney is clear that the cause is a good law cause, but is under some apprehensions that the Jury may be disposed to favour the defendt. as there doth not appear to have been any intention to defraud the Revenue, and that if the United States should loose the Cause it may encourage others to transgress the Law and to pass from District to District without manifest.\u2026 Please to favour me with your directs. in this Cause.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0010", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 2 August 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, August 2, 1794. \u201c\u2026 from the best opinion which can be formed at present, it appears, that five thousand Dollars will be sufficient to be placed in the hands of each of the Naval Agents.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0011", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Fitzgerald, 2 August 1794\nFrom: Fitzgerald, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nAlexandria [Virginia] August 2, 1794. \u201cA violent Rheumatic complaint, by which I am afflicted without intermission, obliges me to have recourse to the Berkley Springs.\u2026 Mr Gray will superintend the business of my Office during my absence.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0012", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Elizabeth Hamilton, 2 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hamilton, Elizabeth\nPhiladelphia Aug 21794\nI have had the happiness to receive one letter from my beloved Eliza and I need not tell her how much consolation was given to me by whatever was flattering in the situation of my darling Johnny nor how much alarm I felt at the unfavourable change which happened on the day she wrote. Alas my Charmer great are my fears\u2014poignant my distress. I feel every day more & more how dear this Child is to me & I cease not to pray heaven for his recovery. I hope the plan of exercise has been continued & that in the attention to Diet he has not been refused a moderate portion of pork if he continued anxious for it. But a course has now been tried & Experience & the Physician must direct.\nOur dear Children here continue well & the City is unusually healthy but it begins to be very hot & I intend this week to send them into the Country. Yet they seem very unwilling to go from me & it is a great satisfaction to have them with me.\nI hope My Dear Eliza\u2019s health has mended. Remember, My Love, you have a husband & other Children than the little sick one whose happiness depends on you. Pray exert yourself to preserve & better your health at all events. Adieu My Angel\nYr. ever Affect.\nAH\nGive my love to all. Tell your father I shall shortly write him but that I am so engaged with my Western insurgents & other matters that I have scarcely a moment to spare.\nMrs. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0013", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 2 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department August 2d. 1794\nSir\nIn compliance with your requisition I have the honor to submit my Opinion as to the course which it will be adviseable for the President to pursue in regard to the armed Opposition recently given in the four Western Counties of Pennsylvania to the execution of the laws of the U. States laying duties upon Spirits distilled within the United States and upon Stills.\nThe case upon which an Opinion is required is summarily as follows. The four most Western Counties of Pennsylvania since the Commencement of those laws a period of more than three Years, have been in steady and Violent Opposition to them. By formal public meetings of influential individuals, whose resolutions and proceedings had for undisguised objects, to render the laws odious, to discountenance a compliance with them, and to intimidate individuals from accepting and executing Offices under them\u2014by a general Spirit of Opposition (thus fomented) among the Inhabitants\u2014by repeated instances of armed parties going in disguise to the houses of the Officers of the Revenue and inflicting upon them personal violence and outrage\u2014by general combinations to forbear a compliance with the requisitions of the laws by examples of injury to the Property and insult to the persons of individuals who have shewn by their conduct a disposition to comply and by an almost universal noncompliance with the laws\u2014their execution within the Counties in question has been completely frustrated.\nVarious Alterations have been made in the laws by the Legislature to obviate as far as possible the objections of the Inhabitants of those Counties.\nThe executive, on its part has been far from deficient in forbearance lenity or a Spirit of Accomodation.\nBut neither the Legislative nor the Executive accomodations have had any effect in producing compliance with the laws.\nThe Opposition has continued and matured, till it has at length broke out in Acts which are presumed to amount to Treason.\nArmed Collections of men, with the avowed design of Opposing the execution of the laws, have attacked the house of the Inspector of the Revenue, burnt and destroyed his Property and Shed the blood of Persons engaged in its defence\u2014have made Prisoner of the Marshall of the District and did not release him till for the Safety of his life he stipulated to execute no more processes within the disaffected counties\u2014have compelled both him and the Inspector of the Revenue to fly the Country by a circuitous route to avoid personal injury perhaps Assassination\u2014have proposed the Assembling of a Convention of delegates from these Counties and the Neighbouring ones of Virginia probably with a view to systematise measures of more effectual Opposition\u2014have forcibly seized Opened & Spoliated a Mail of the United States.\nWhat in this State of things is proper to be done?\nThe President has with the advice of the heads of the Departments and the Attorney General, caused to be submitted all the evidence of the foregoing facts to the Consideration of an Associate Judge under the Act intitled \u201cAn Act to provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the laws of the Union Suppress Insurrection and repel Invasion.\u201d\nIf the Judge shall pronounce that the case described in the second section of that Act exists\u2014it will follow that a competent force of Militia should be called forth and employed to suppress the insurrection and support the Civil Authority in effectuating Obedience to the laws and the punishment of Offenders.\nIt appears to me that the very existence of Government demands this course and that a duty of the highest nature urges the Chief Magistrate to pursue it. The Constitution and laws of the United States, contemplate and provide for it.\nWhat force of Militia shall be called out, and from What State or States?\nThe force ought if attainable to be an imposing one, such if practicable, as will deter from opposition, save the effusion of the blood of Citizens and secure the object to be accomplished.\nThe quantum must of course be regulated by the resistance to be expected. Tis computed, that the four opposing Counties contain upwards of sixteen thousand males of 16 years and more, that of these about seven thousand may be expected to be armed. Tis possible that the union of the nieghbouring Counties of Virginia may augment this force. Tis not impossible, that it may receive an accession from some adjacent Counties of this state on this side of the Alleghany Mountain.\nTo be prepared for the worst, I am of opinion, that twelve thousand Militia ought to be ordered to assemble; 9000 foot and 3000 horse. I should not propose so many horse, but for the probability, that this description of Militia, will be more easily procured for the service.\nFrom what State or States shall these come?\nThe Law contemplates that the Militia of a State, in which an insurrection happens, if willing & sufficient shall first be employed, but gives power to employ the Milita of other States in the case either of refusal or insufficiency.\nThe Governor of Pennsylvania in an Official conference this day, gave it explicitly as his opinion to the President, that the Militia of Pennsylvania alone would be found incompetent to the suppression of the insurrection.\nThis Opinion of the Chief Magistrate of the State is presumed to be a sufficient foundation for calling in, in the first instance, the aid of the Militia of the Neighbouring States.\nI would submit then, that Pennsylvania be required to furnish 6000 men of whom 1000 to be horse, New\u2013Jersey 2000 of whom 800 to be horse, Maryland 2000 of whom 600 to be horse, Virginia 2000, of whom 600 to be horse.\nOr perhaps it may be as eligible to call upon each State for such a number of Troops, leaving to itself the proportion of horse and foot according to convenience. The Militia called for to rendezvous at Carlisle in Pensylvania & Cumberland Fort in Virginia on the 10th of September next.\nThe law requires that previous to the using of force a Proclamation shall issue, commanding the Insurgents to disperse and return peaceably to their respective abodes within a limited time. This step must of course be taken.\nThe application of the force to be called out and other ulterior measures must depend on circumstances as they shall arise.\nWith the most perfect respect \u2003 I have the Honor to be \u2003 Sir Your Most Obedient Servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nThe President of the United States", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0015", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 5 August 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, August 5, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to request that you will place the sum of eight thousand eight hundred forty nine Dollars & 25 cents in the hands of Benj. Lincoln Esqr. for the purpose of enabling him to comply with the terms of the contract made by him with M. M. Hays on the 6th. day of June last for 19561 & \u00bd gallons Sperma Oil, for the use of the Light houses of the United States.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0016", "content": "Title: Alexander Hamilton and Henry Knox to George Washington, 5 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\nPhilada. August 5, 1794.\nSir,\nThe draft of a proclamation and that of an instruction to the Commissioners being both prepared, we take the liberty to suggest that we think a meeting tomorrow morning at such hour as may be convenient to the President, may be adviseable. The Secretary of State & Attorney General being out of town we cannot consult them, but we will engage the attendance of the Attorney General provisionally by Nine o\u2019Clock & if the President concludes on the Meeting at that hour, he can have the Secy. of State apprised of it.\nWe have the honor to be &c.\nA Hamilton\nH Knox.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0017", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [5 August] 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department[August 5] 1794\nSir\nThe disagreeable crisis at which matters have lately arrived in some of the Western counties of Pensylvania, with regard to the laws laying duties on spirits distilled within the UStates and on Stills, seems to render proper a review of the circumstances which have attended those laws in that scene, from their commencement to the present time and of the conduct which has hitherto been observed on the part of the Government, its motives and effect; in order to a better judgment of the measures necessary to be pursued in the existing emergency.\nThe opposition to those laws in the four most Western Counties of Pensylvania (Alleghany Washington Fayette and Westmoreland) commenced as early as they were known to have been passed. It has continued, with different degrees of violence, in the different counties, and at different periods. But Washington has uniformly distinguished its resistance by a more excessive spirit, than has appeared in the other Counties & seems to have been chiefly instrumental in kindling and keeping alive the flame.\nThe opposition first manifested itself in the milder shape of the circulation of opinions unfavourable to the law & calculated by the influence of public disesteem to discourage the accepting or holding of Offices under it or the complying with it, by those who might be so disposed; to which was added the show of a discontinuance of the business of distilling. These expedients were shortly after succeeded by private associations to forbear compliances with the law. But it was not long before these more negative modes of opposition were perceived to be likely to prove ineffectual. And in proportion as this was the case and as the means of introducing the laws into operation were put into execution, the disposition to resistance became more turbulent and more inclined to adopt and practice violent expedients.\nThe officers now began to experience marks of contempt and insult. Threats against them became frequent and loud; and after some time, these threats were ripened into acts of ill-treatment and outrage.\nThese acts of violence were preceded by certain Meetings of malcontent persons who entered into resolutions calculated at once to confirm inflame and systematize the spirit of opposition.\nThe first of these Meetings was holden at a place called Red Stone Old Fort, on the 27 of July 1791 where it was concerted that county committees should be convened in the four Counties at the respective seats of Justice therein. On the 23 day of Aug following one of these committees assembled in the County of Washington consisting (as appears by their proceedings published in the Pittsburgh Gazette) among others of James Marshall Register & Recorder of the County\u2014David Bradford Deputy Atty. General for the State\u2014Henry Taylor & James Edgar now Associate Judges\u2014Thomas Crooks & William Parker then or shortly before Magistrates & Militia Officers, Thomas Sedgwick and Alexander Wright Magistrates and Peter Kidd an officer of the Militia. This Meeting passed some intemperate resolutions, which were afterwards printed in the Pittsburgh Gazette, containing a strong censure on the law, declaring that any person who had accepted or might accept an office under Congress in order to carry it into effect should be considered as inimical to the interests of the Country; and recommending to the Citizens of Washington County to treat every person who had accepted or might thereafter accept any such office with contempt, and absolutely to refuse all kind of communication or intercourse with the Officers and to withold from them all aid support or comfort.\nNot content with this vindictive proscription of those, who might esteem it their duty, in the capacity of Officers, to aid in the execution of the constitutional laws of the land\u2014The Meeting proceeded to pass another resolution on a matter essentially foreign to the object, which had brought them together, namely the salaries & compensations allowed by Congress to the Officers of Government generally, which they represent as enormous; manifesting by their zeal, to accumulate topics of Censure that they were actuated not merely by the dislike of a particular law, but by a disposition to render the Government itself unpopular and odious.\nThis Meeting in further prosecution of their plan deputed three of their Members to meet Delegates from the counties of Westmoreland Fayette and Alleghany on the first Tuesday of Sepr. following for the purpose of expressing the sense of the people of those counties, in an address to the Legislature of the UStates, upon the subject of the Excise Law and other grievances; naming for that purpose James Marshall David Bradford & David Philips.\nAnother Meeting accordingly took place on the 7th of September 1791 at Pittsburgh in the County of Alleghany, at which there appeared persons in character of delegates from the four Western counties; from Westmoreland Nehemiah Stokely & John Young, from Fayette Edward Cook Nathaniel Breaden & John Oliphant, from Alleghany Thomas Moreton John Woods & Wm. Plume, from Washington, the three persons above named.\nThis Meeting entered into resolutions more comprehensive in their objects & not less inflammatory in their tendency, than those which had before passed the Meeting in Washington. Their resolutions contained severe censures not only on the law which was the immediate subject of objection; but upon what they termed the exorbitant salaries of Officers, the unreasonable interest of the public debt, the want of discrimination between original holders & transferrees and the institution of a national Bank. The same unfriendly temper towards the Government of the UStates which had led out of their way the Meeting at Washington produced a similar wandering in that at Pittsburgh.\nA representation to Congress and a remonstrance to the Legislature of Pensylvania against the law more particularly complained of were prepared by this Meeting\u2014published together with their other proceedings in the Pittsburgh Gazette & afterwards presented to the respective bodies to whom they were addressed.\nThese Meetings composed of very influential Individuals and conducted without moderation or prudence are justly chargeable with the excesses, which have been from time to time committed; serving to give consistency to an opposition which has at length matured to a point, that threatens the foundations of the Government & of the Union; unless speedily & effectually subdued.\nOn the 6th of the same Month of September, the Opposition broke out in an act of violence upon the person & property of Robert Johnson Collector of the Revenue for the Counties of Alleghany & Washington.\nA party of men armed and disguised way-laid him at a place on Pidgeon Creek in Washington county\u2014seized tarred and feathered him cut off his hair and deprived him of his horse, obliging him to travel on foot a considerable distance in that mortifying and painful situation.\nThe case was brought before the District Court of Pensylvania out of which Processes issued against John Robertson John Hamilton & Thomas McComb: three of the persons concerned in the outrage.\nThe serving of These processes was confided by the then Marshall Clement Biddle to his Deputy Joseph Fox, who in the month of October went into Alleghany County for the purpose of serving them.\nThe appearances & circumstances which Mr. Fox observed himself in the course of his journey, & learnt afterwards upon his arrival at Pittsburgh, had the effect of deterring him from the service of the processes and unfortunately led to adopting the injudicious and fruitless expedient of sending them to the parties by a private Messenger under cover.\nThe Deputy\u2019s Report to the Marshall states a number of particulars evincing a considerable fermentation in the part of the country, to which he was sent, and inducing a belief on his part that he could not with safety have executed the processes. The Marshall transmitting this report to the District Atty makes the following observations upon it \u201cI am sorry to add that he (the Deputy) found the people in general in the Western part of the State, and particularly beyond the Alleghany Mountain, in such a ferment, on account of the Act of Congress for laying a duty on distilled spirits & so much opposed to the execution of the said Act, and from a variety of threats to himself personally, although he took the utmost precaution to conceal his errand, that he was not only convinced of the impossibility of serving the process, but that any attempt to effect it would have occasionned the most violent opposition from the greater part of the Inhabitants, & he declares that if he had attempted it, he believes he should not have returned alive. I spared no expence nor pains to have the process of the Court executed & have not the least doubt that my Deputy would have accomplished it, if it could have been done.\u201d\nThe reality of the danger to the Deputy was countenanced by the opinion of General Neville, the Inspector of the Revenue, a man who before had given & since has given numerous proofs of a steady and firm temper. And what followed, announced in a letter of that officer of the 27th of October 1791 is a further confirmation of it. The person who had been sent with the processes was seized whipped tarred & feathered, and after having his money & horse taken from him was blind folded and tied in the woods, in which condition he remained for five hours.\nVery serious reflections naturally occurred upon this occasion. It seemed highly probable, from the issue of the experiment, which had been made, that the ordinary course of civil process would be ineffectual for enforcing the execution of the law in the scene in question\u2014and that a perseverance in this course might lead to a serious concussion. The law itself was still in the infancy of its operation and far from established in other important portions of the Union. Prejudices against it had been industriously disseminated\u2014misreprepretentations diffused, misconceptions fostered. The Legislature of the UStates had not yet organised the means by which the Executive could come in aid of the Judiciary, when found incompetent to the execution of the laws. If neither of these impediments to a decisive exertion had existed, it was desireable, especially in a republican Government, to avoid what is in such cases the ultimate resort, till all the milder means had been tried without success.\nUnder the united influence of these considerations, it appeared adviseable to forbear urging coercive measures, \u2019till the law had gone into more extensive operation, till further time for reflection & experience of its operation had served to correct false impressions and inspire greater moderation, and till the Legislature had had an opportunity, by a revision of the law to remove as far as possible objections, and to reinforce the provisions for securing its execution.\nOther incidents occurred from time to time, which are further proofs of the very improper temper that prevailed among the inhabitants of the refractory counties. Mr. Johnson was not the only officer who about the same period experienced outrage. Mr. Wells Collector of the Revenue for Westmoreland & Fayette was also illtreated at Greensburgh & Union Town. Nor were the outrages perpetrated confined to the Officers. They extended to private citizens, who only dared to shew their respect for the laws of their country.\nSometime in October 1791 an unhappy man of the name of Wilson, a stranger in the county, and manifestly disordered in his intellects imagining himself to be a Collector of the Revenue, or invested with some trust in relation to it, was so unlucky as to make inquiries concerning the Distillers who had entered their stills; giving out that he was to travel through the UStates to ascertain & report to Congress the number of Stills &c. This man was pursued by a party in disguise, taken out of his bed, carried about five Miles back to a Smith\u2019s Shop, stripped of his Cloaths which were afterwards burnt, and after having been himself inhumanly burnt in several places with a heated Iron was tarred and feathered\u2014and about day light dismissed\u2014naked wounded and otherwise in a very suffering condition. These particulars are communicated in a letter from the Inspector of the Revenue of the 17th of November, who declares that he had then himself seen the unfortunate maniac, the abuse of whom, as he expresses it, exceeded description and was sufficient to make human nature shudder. The affair is the more extraordinary, as persons of weight and consideration in that county are understood to have been actors in it, and as the symptoms of Insanity were, during the whole time of inflicting the punishment apparent\u2014the unhappy sufferer displaying the heroic fortitude of a man, who conceived himself to be a martyr to discharge of some duty.\nNot long after a person of the name of Roseberry underwent the humiliating punishmt of tarring & feathering with some aggravations; for having in conversation hazarded the very natural and just, but unpalatable remark, that the inhabitants of that County could not reasonably expect protection from a Government, whose laws they so strenuously opposed.\nThe audacity of the perpetrators of these excesses was so great that (as appears by a letter from Mr. Nevil of the 22 of December) an armed banditti ventured to seize and carry off two persons, who were witnesses against the rioters in the case of Wilson; in order, as was inferred, to prevent their giving testimony of the riot to a Court then sitting or about to sit.\nDesigns of personal violence against the Inspector of the Revenue himself, to force him to a resignation, were repeatedly attempted to be put in execution by armed parties, but by different circumstances were frustrated.\nIn the session of Congress, which commenced in October 1791, the law laying a duty on distilled spirits and on stills came under the revision of Congress as had been anticipated. By an act passed the 8th of May 1792, during that session, material alterations were made in it. Among these, the duty was reduced to a rate so moderate, as to have silenced complaint on that head\u2014and a new and very favourable alternative was given to the Distiller, that of paying a monthly, instead a yearly rate, according to the capacity of his Still, with liberty to take a license for the precise term which he should intend to work it, and to renew that license for a further term or terms.\nThis amending Act, in its progress through the Legislature, engaged the particular attention of members who themselves were interested in distilleries, and of others who represented parts of the Country in which the business of Distilling was extensively carried on. Objections were well considered and great pains taken to obviate all such as had the semblance of reasonableness.\nThe effect has in a great measure corresponded with the views of the Legislature. Opposition has subsided in several districts where it before prevailed; and it was natural to entertain and not easy to abandon a hope that the same thing would by degrees have taken place in the four Western Counties of this State.\nBut notwithstanding some flattering appearances at particular junctures, and infinite pains by various expedients to produce the desireable issue the hope entertained has never been realized, and is now at an end, as far as the ordinary means of executing laws are concerned.\nThe first Law had left the number and positions of the Offices of Inspection, which were to be established in each District for receiving entries of Stills, to the discretion of the Supervisor. The second, to secure a due accommodation to Distillers, provides peremptorily that there shall be one in each County.\nThe idea was immediately embraced, that it was a very important point in the scheme of opposition to the law to prevent the establishment of Offices in the respective Counties. For this purpose, the intimidation of well disposed inhabitants was added to the plan of molesting and obstructing the Officers by force or otherwise, as might be necessary. So effectually was the first point carried, (the certain destruction of property and the peril of life being involved) that it became almost impracticable to obtain suitable places for Offices in some of the Counties\u2014and when obtained, it was found a matter of necessity in almost every instance to abandon them.\nAfter much effort The Inspector of the Revenue succeeded in procuring the house of William Faulkner a captain in the army for an Office of Inspection in the County of Washington. This took place in August 1792. The office was attended by the Inspector of the Revenue in person, till prevented by the following incidents.\nCapt Faukner, being in pursuit of some Deserters from the troops, was encountered by a number of people in the same neighbourhood, where Mr. Johnson had been ill treated the preceding year, who reproached him with letting his house for an Office of Inspection\u2014drew a knife upon him, threatened to scalp him, tar and feather him, and reduce his house and property to Ashes, if he did not solemnly promise to prevent the further use of his House for an Office.\nCapt Faulkner was induced to make the promise exacted\u2014and in consequence of the circumstance wrote a letter to the Inspector dated the 20th of August countermanding the permission for using his house\u2014and the day following gave a public notice in the Pittsburgh Gazette that the Office of Inspection should be no longer kept there.\nAt the same time, another engine of opposition was in operation. Agreeable to a previous notification, there met at Pittsburgh on the 21st of August a number of persons stiling themselves \u201cA Meeting of sundry Inhabitants of the Western Counties of Pensylvania\u201d who appointed John Canon Chairman and Albert Gallatin Clerk.\nThis Meeting entered into resolutions not less exceptionable than those of its predecessors. The preamble suggested that a tax on spirituous liquors is unjust in itself and oppressive upon the poor\u2014that internal taxes upon consumption must in the end destroy the liberties of every country in which they are introduced\u2014that the law in question, from certain local circumstances which are specified, would bring immediate distress & ruin upon the Western Country, and concludes with the sentiment, that they think it their duty to persist in remonstrances to Congress, and in every other Legal measure, that may obstruct the operation of the Law.\nThe Resolutions then proceed, first, to appoint a Committee to prepare and cause to be presented to Congress an address, stating objections to the law and praying for its repeal\u2014secondly to appoint Committees of correspondence for Washington Fayette, and Alleghany, charged to correspond together and with such Committee as should be appointed for the same purpose in the County of Westmoreland, or with any Committees of a similar nature, that might be appointed in other parts of the UStates, and also if found necessary to call together either general Meetings of the people, in their respective Counties, or conferences of the several Committees: And lastly to declare, that they will in future consider those who hold Offices for the collection of the duty as unworthy of their friendship, that they will have no intercourse nor dealings with them, will withdraw from them every assistance, withhold all the comforts of life which depend upon those duties that as men and fellow Citizens we owe to each other, and will upon all occasions treat them with contempt; earnestly Recommending it to the People At Large to Follow the Same Line of Conduct Towards Them.\nThe idea of pursuing legal measures to obstruct the operation of a Law needs little comment. Legal measures may be pursued to procure the repeal of a law, but to obstruct its operation presents a contradiction in terms. The operation, or what is the same thing, the execution of a law, cannot be obstructed, after it has been constitutionally enacted, without illegality and crime. The expression quoted is one of those phrases which can only be used to conceal a disorderly & culpable intention under forms that may escape the hold of the law.\nNeither was it difficult to perceive, that the anathema pronounced against the Officers of the Revenue placed them in a state of virtual outlawry, and operated as a signal to all those who were bold enough to encounter the guilt and the danger to violate both their lives and their properties.\nThe foregoing proceedings as soon as known were reported by the Secretary of the Treasy to The President. The President on the   issued a proclamation\nand likewise directed that prosecutions might be instituted against the Offenders, in the cases in which the laws would support and the requisite evidence could be obtained.\nPursuant to these instructions, the Atty General in cooperation with the Attorny of the District attended a Circuit Court which was holden at York Town in October 1792 for the purpose of bringing forward prosecutions in the proper cases.\nCollateral measures were taken to procure for this purpose the necessary evidence.\nThe Supervisor of the Revenue was sent into the opposing survey to ascertain the real state of that survey\u2014to obtain evidence of the persons who were concerned in the riot in Faulkeners case\u2014and of those who composed the Meeting at Pittsburgh\u2014to uphold the confidence and encourage the perseverence of the Officers acting under the law\u2014and to induce if possible the inhabitants of that part of the survey, which appeared least disinclined, to come voluntarily into the law, by arguments addressed to their sense of duty and exhibiting the eventual dangers and mischiefs of resistance.\nThe mission of the Supervisor had no other fruit than that of obtaining evidence of the persons who composed the Meeting at Pittsburgh\u2014and of two who were understood to be concerned in the riot\u2014and a confirmation of the enmity, which certain active and designing leaders had industriously infused into a large proportion of the inhabitants, not against the particular laws, in question, only, but of a more antient date, against the Government of the UStates itself.\nThe then Attorney General being of opinion, that it was at best a doubtful point, whether the proceedings of the Meeting at Pittsburgh contained indictable matter, no prosecution was attempted against those who composed it; though if the ground for proceeding against them had appeared to be firm, it is presumed, that the truest policy would have dictated that course.\nIndictments were preferred to the Circuit Court and found against the two persons understood to have been concerned in the Riot, & the usual measures were taken for carrying them into effect.\nBut it appearing afterwards from various representations supported by satisfactory testimony, that there had been some mistake as to the persons accused\u2014justice and policy demanded that the prosecutions should be discontinued, which was accordingly done.\nThis issue of the business unavoidably defeated the attempt to establish examples of the punishment of persons who engaged in a violent resistance to the laws\u2014and left the officers to struggle against the stream of resistance, without the advantage of such examples.\nThe following plan, afterwards successively put in execution, was about this time digested for carrying if possible the laws into effect, without the necessity of recurring to force.\n1. \u2003 To prosecute delinquents in the cases in which it could be clearly done for non compliances with the laws \u2003 2 \u2003 to intercept the markets for the surplus produce of the distilleries of the non complying counties, by seizing the spirits in their way to those markets, in places where it could be effected without opposition \u2003 3 \u2003 by purchases through Agents for the Government for the use of the army (instead of deriving the supply through contractors as formerly) confining them to spirits in respect to which there had been a compliance with the laws.\nThe motives to this plan speak for themselves. It aimed, besides the influence of penalties on delinquents, at making it the general interest of the distillers to comply with the laws, by interrupting the market for a very considerable surplus, and by, at the same time, confining the benefit of the large demand for public service, to those who did their duty to the public, and furnishing through the means of payments in Cash that medium for paying the duties, the want of which, it was alleged, was a great difficulty in the way of compliance.\nBut two circumstances conspired to counteract the success of this plan\u2014one, the necessity towards incurring the penalties of non compliance of there being an office of Inspection in each County, which was prevented in some of the counties by the means of intimidation practiced for that purpose\u2014another, the non extension of the law to the territory N West of the Ohio\u2014into which a large proportion of the surplus beforementioned was sent.\nA cure for these defects could only come from the legislature. Accordingly in the session which began in November 1792, measures were taken for procuring a further revision of the laws. A bill containing amendments of these defects was brought in; but it so happened that this object, by reason of more urgent business, was deferred \u2019till towards the close of the session and finally went off, through the hurry of that period.\nThe continuance of the embarrassments incident to this state of things naturally tended to diminish much the efficacy of the plan which had been devised. Yet it was resolved as far as legal provisions would bear out the Officers to pursue it with perseverance. There was ground to entertain hopes of its good effect\u2014and it was certainly the most likely course which could have been adopted, towards obtaining the object of the laws by means short of force; evincing unequivocally the sincere disposition to avoid this painful resort and the steady moderation, which have characterised the measures of the Government.\nIn pursuance of this plan, prosecutions were occasionally instituted in the mildest forms\u2014seizures were made, as opportunities occurred\u2014and purchases on public account were carried on. It may be incidentally remarked, that these purchases were extended to other places, where though the same disorders did not exist, it appeared adviseable to facilitate the payment of the duties by this species of accommodation.\nNor was this plan, notwithstanding the deficiencies of legal provision, which impeded its full execution, without corresponding effects. Symptoms from time to time appeared which authorised expectation, that with the aid, at another session, of the desired supplementary provisions, it was capable of accomplishing its end, if no extraordinary events occurred.\nThe opponents of the laws, not insensible of the tendency of that plan, nor of the defects in the laws which interfered with it, did not fail from time to time to pursue analogous modes of counteraction. The effort to frustrate the establishment of offices of Inspection in particular was persisted in and even increased. Means of intimidating officers and others continued to be exerted.\nIn April 1793 a party of armed men in disguise made an attack in the night upon the house of a Collector of the Revenue, who resided in Fayette-County, but he happening to be from home, they contented themselves with breaking open his house threatening terrifying and abusing his family.\nWarrants were issued for apprehending some of the rioters upon this occasion by Isaac Mason and James Finley assistant Judges of Fayette County, which were delivered to the Sheriff of that County who it seems refused to execute them, for which he has been since indicted.\nThis is at once an example of a disposition to support the laws of the Union and of an opposite one in the local officers of Pensylvania within the disaffected scene. But it is a truth too important to be unnoticed and too injurious not to be lamented, that the prevailing spirit of those Officers has been either hostile or lukewarm to the execution of those laws\u2014and that the weight of an unfriendly official influence has been one of the most serious obstacles with which they have had to struggle.\nIn June following, the Inspector of the Revenue was burnt in Effigy in Alleghany County at a place & on a day of some public election with much display, in the presence & without interruption from Magistrates and other public officers.\nOn the night of the 22d. of November, another party of men, some of them armed and all in disguise, went to the house of the same Collector of Fayette which had been visited in April\u2014broke and entered it and demanded a surrender of the officer\u2019s Commission and Official books. Upon his refusing to deliver them up, they presented pistols at him, and swore that if he did not comply they would instantly put him to death. At length, a surrender of the Commission & books was enforced. But not content with this, the rioters before they departed required of the officer, that he should within two weeks publish his resignation, on pain of another visit & the destruction of his house.\nNotwithstanding these excesses, the laws appeared, during the latter periods of this year, to be rather gaining ground. Several principal distillers, who had formerly held out, complied; and others discovered a disposition to comply, which was only restrained by the fear of violence.\nBut these favourable circumstances served to beget alarm, among those who were determined at all events to prevent the quiet establishment of the laws. It soon appeared, that they meditated by fresh and greater excesses to aim a still more effectual blow at them\u2014to subdue the growing spirit of compliance, and to destroy intirely the organs of the laws, within that part of the country, by compelling all the officers to renounce their offices.\nThe last proceeding in the case of the Collector of Fayette was in this spirit. In January of the present year further violences appear to have been perpetrated. William Richmond who had given information against some of the rioters in the affair of Wilson had his barn burnt with all the grain & hay which it contained\u2014and the same thing happened to Robert Shawhan a distiller who had been among the first to comply with the law and who had always spoken favourably of it. But in neither of these instances (which happened in the County of Alleghany) though the presumptions were violent was any positive proof obtained.\nThe Inspector of the Revenue in a letter of the 27 of February writes, that he had received information that persons living near the dividing line of Alleghany & Washington had thrown out threats of tarring and feathering one William Cochran, a complying Distiller, and of burning his distillery\u2014and that it had also been given out, that in three weeks there would not be a house standing in Alleghany County of any person who had complied with the laws; in consequence of which he had been induced to pay a visit to several leading individuals in that quarter, as well to ascertain the truth of the information as to endeavour to avert the attempt to execute such threats.\nIt appeared afterwards, that on his return home, he had been pursued by a collection of disorderly persons threatening, as they went along, vengeance against him. In their way, these men called at the house of James Kiddoe, who had recently complied with the laws, broke into his Still-house, fired several balls under his still and scattered fire over and about the house.\nLetters from the Inspector in March announce an increased activity in promoting opposition to the laws\u2014frequent meetings to cement and extend the combinations against it\u2014and among other means for this purpose a plan of collecting a force to seize him, compel him to resign his commission and detain him prisoner\u2014probably as a hostage.\nIn May and June, new violences were comitted. James Kiddoe the person abovementioned & Wm. Cochran another complying Distiller met with repeated injury to their property. Kiddoe had parts of his Grist mill at different times carried away, and Cochran suffered more material injuries. His still was destroyed his saw Mill rendered useless by the taking away of the Saw and his Grist Mill so injured as to require to be repaired at considerable expence. At the last visit, a note in writing was left, requiring him to publish what he had suffered in the Pittsburgh Gazette, on pain of another visit in which he is threatened, in figurative but intelligble terms, with the destruction of his property by fire; thus adding to the profligacy of doing wanton injuries to a fellow Citizen, the tyranny of compelling him to be the publisher of his own wrongs.\nJune being the month for receiving annual entries of Stills, endeavours were used to open offices in Westmoreland & Washington, where it had been hitherto found impracticable. With much pains and difficulty places were procured for the purpose.\nThat, in Westmoreland, was repeatedly attacked in the night by armed men, who frequently fired upon it, but according to a report which has been made to this Department it was defended with so much courage and perseverance by John Wells an auxiliary officer & Philip Ragan the owner of the house\u2014as to have been maintained during the remainder of the Month.\nThat, in Washington, after repeated attempts was suppressed. The first attempt was confined to pulling down the signs of the office & threats of future destruction. The second effected the object in the following mode. About twelve persons armed & painted black, in the night of the 6th of June, broke into the house of John Lynn, where the office was kept, and after having treacherously seduced him to come down stairs & put himself in their power, by a promise of safety to himself and his house\u2014they seized and tied him, threatened to hang him\u2014took him to a retired spot in the neighbouring wood & there after cutting off his hair, tarring and feathering him, swore him never again to allow the use of his house for an Office, never to disclose their names and never again to have any sort of agency in aid of the excise; having done which, they bound him naked to a tree and left him in that situation \u2019till morning when he succeeded in extricating himself. Not content with this, the malcontents some days after made him another visit, pulled down part of his house\u2014and put him in a situation to be obliged to become an exile from his own home & to find an asylum elsewhere.\nDuring this time several of the Distillers who had made entries & benifitted by them refused the payment of the duties; actuated no doubt by various motives.\nIndications of a plan to proceed against the Inspector of the Revenue in the manner which has been beforementioned continued. In a letter from him of the 10 of July he observed that the threatened visit had not yet been made, though he had still reason to expect it.\nIn the session of Congress which began in December 1793 a bill for making the amendments in the laws, which had been for sometime desired, was brought in, and on the 5th of June last became a law.\nIt is not to be doubted, that the different stages of this business were regularly notified to the malcontents, and that a conviction of the tendency of the amendments contemplated to effectuate the execution of the law had matured the resolution to bring matters to a violent crisis.\nThe increasing energy of the opposition rendered it indispensable to meet the evil with proportionable decision. The idea of giving time for the law to extend itself in scenes, where the disatisfaction with it was the effect not of an improper spirit, but of causes which were of a nature to yield to reason reflection & experience (which had constantly weighed in the estimate of the measures proper to be pursued) had had its effect, in an extensive degree. The experiment too had been long enough tried to ascertain, that where resistance continued the root of the evil lay deep; and required measures of greater efficacy than had been pursued. The laws had undergone repeated revisions of the legislative representatives of the Union; & had virtually received their repeated sanction, with none or very feeble attempts to effect their repeal; affording an evidence of the general sense of the community in their favour. Complaints began to be loud from complying quarters, against the impropriety & injustice of suffering the laws to remain unexecuted in others.\nUnder the united influence of these considerations, there was no choice but to try the efficiency of the laws in prosecuting with vigour delinquents and Offenders.\nProcesses issued against a number of non complying distillers in the Counties of Fayette & Alleghany; and indictments having been found at a Circuit Court holden at Philadelphia in July last against Robert Smilie & John McCulloch two of the rioters in the attack, which in November preceding had been made upon the house of a Collector of the Revenue in Fayette County, processes issued against them, also, to bring them to trial and if guilty to punishment. The Marshall of the District went in person to serve these processes. He executed his trust without interruption, though under many discouraging circumstances, in Fayette County; but while he was in the execution of it in Alleghany County being then accompanied by the Inspector of the Revenue (to wit) on the 15th of July last he was beset on the road by a party of from thirty to forty armed men who after much previous irregularity of conduct finally fired upon him but as it happened without injury either to him or the Inspector.\nThis attempt on the Marshall was but the prelude of greater excesses.\nAbout break of day the 16th of July, in conformity with a plan which seems to have been for some time entertained, and which probably was only accelerated by the coming of the Marshall into the survey, an attack by about 100 persons armed with guns & other weapons was made upon the house of the Inspector in the vicinity of Pittsburgh. The Inspector though alone vigorously defended himself against the assailants and obliged them to retreat without accomplishing their purpose.\nApprehending that the business would not terminate here he made application by letter to the Judges Generals of Militia & Sheriff of the county for protection. A reply to his application from John Wilkins Junior & John Gibson Magistrates & Militia officers informed him, that the laws could not be executed, so as to afford him the protection to which he was intitled, owing to the too general combination of the people in that part of Pensylvania to oppose the Revenue law; adding that they would take every step in their power to bring the Rioters to Justice & would be glad to receive information of the individuals concerned in the attack upon his house, that prosecutions might be commenced against them and expressing their sorrow, that should the Posse Comitatus of the County be ordered out in support of the civil authority, very few could be gotten who were not of the party of the Rioters.\nThe day following, the Insurgents reassembled with a considerable augmentation of numbers amounting as has been computed to at least 500 and on the 17th of July renewed their attack upon the house of the Inspector; who in the interval had taken the precaution of calling to his aid a small detachment from the garrison of Fort Pit which at the time of this attack consisted of 11 Men, who had been joined by Major Abraham Kirkpatrick a friend & connection of the Inspector.\nThere being scarcely a prospect of effectual defence against so large a body, as then appeared, and as the Inspector had every thing to apprehend for his person, if taken, it was judged adviseable that he should withdraw from the house to a place of concealment\u2014Major Kirkpatrick generously agreeing to remain with the 11 men, in the intention if practicable to make a capitulation in favour of the property if not to defend it as long as possible.\nA parly took place, under cover of a flag, which was sent by the Insurgents to the House to demand, that the Inspector should come forth, renounce his office and stipulate never again to accept an office under the same laws. To this it was replied, that the Inspector had left the house upon their first approach, and that the place to which he had retired was unknown. They then declared that they must have whatever related to his office. They were answered that they might send persons not exceeding six to search the house and take away whatever papers they could find appertaining to the Office. But not satisfied with this, they insisted unconditionally, that the armed men who were in the house for its defence should march out & ground their arms; which Major Kirkpatrick peremptorily refused; considering it and representing it to them as a proof of a design to destroy the property. This refusal put an end to the parley.\nA brisk firing then ensued between the insurgents and those in the House, which it is said lasted for near an hour; \u2019till the assailants having set fire to all the neighbouring & adjacent buildings, Eight in number, the intenseness of the heat & the danger of an immediate communication of the fire to the house obliged Maj Kirk: & his small party to come out & surrender themselves. In the course of the firing, one of the insurgents was killed & several wounded and three of the persons in the house were also wounded. The person killed is understood to have been the leader of the party of the name of James McFarlane, then a Major in the Militia formerly a Lieutenant in the Pensylvania line.\nThe dwelling house after the surrender shared the fate of the other buildings the whole having been consumed to the ground. The loss of property to the Inspector upon this occasion, is estimated and as is believed with great moderation at not less than 3000 pounds.\nThe Marshall, Col Presly Neville & several others were taken by the insurgents going to the Inspector\u2019s House. All except the Marshall and Col Neville soon made their escape; but these were carried off some distance from the place, where the affray had happened, and detained till one or two oClock the next morning. In the course of their detention, the Marshall in particular suffered very severe and humiliating treatment\u2014and was frequently in imminent danger of his life. Several of the party repeatedly presented their pieces at him, with every appearance of a design to assassinate, from which they were with difficulty restrained by the efforts of a few more humane & more prudent.\nNor could he obtain safety or liberty, but upon the condition of a promise guaranteed by Col Neville, that he would serve no other process on the West side of the Alleghany Mountain. The alternative being immediate death extorted from the Marshall a compliance with this condition; notwithstanding the just sense of official dignity and the firmness of character, which were witnessed by his conduct throughout the trying scenes he had experienced.\nThe insurgents on the 18th sent a deputation of two of their number (one a Justice of the Peace) to Pittsburgh to require of the Marshall a surrender of the processes in his possession, intimating that his compliance would satisfy the people & add to his safety\u2014and also to demand of General Neville in peremptory terms the resignation of his Office, threatening in case of refusal to attack the place & take him by force: demands which both these officers did not hesitate to reject as alike incompatible with their honor & their duty.\nAs it was well ascertained, that no protection was to be expected from the Magistrates or inhabitants of Pittsburgh, it became necessary to the safety both of the Inspector & the Marshall to quit the place\u2014and as it was known that all the usual routes to Philadelphia were beset by the insurgents, those officers concluded to descend the Ohio & proceed by a circuitous route to the seat of Government, which they began to put in execution on the night of the 19th of July.\nInformation has also been received of a Meeting of a considerable number of persons at a place called Mingo Creek Meeting House in the County of Washington, to consult about the further measures which it might be adviseable to pursue: That at this Meeting a motion was made to approve and agree to support the proceedings which had taken place, until the Excise law was repealed and an Act of oblivion passed. But that instead of this it had been agreed, that the four Western Counties of Pensylvania & the neighbouring Counties of Virginia should be invited to meet in a Convention of Delegates on the 14th of the present Month, at Parkinson\u2019s on Mingo Creek in the County of Washington, to take into consideration the situation of the Western Country & concert such measures as should appear suited to this occasion.\nIt appears moreover that on the 26 of July last the Mail of the UStates on the road from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia was stopped by two armed men, who cut it open & took out all the letters, except those contained in one packet. These armed men, from all the circumstances which occurred, were manifestly acting on the part of the Insurgents.\nThe declared object of the foregoing proceedings is to obstruct the execution and compel a repeal of the laws, laying duties upon spirits distilled within the UStates and upon Stills. There is just cause to believe, that this is connected with an indisposition too general in that quarter to share in the common burthens of the community\u2014and with a wish among some persons of influence to embarrass the Government. It is a fact of notoriety, that the revenue laws of the State itself have always been either resisted or defectively complied with in the same quarter.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0018", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 6 August 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, August 6, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to request you will place the sum of four thousand & forty seven dollars & 22 cents in the hands of Nathaniel Gorham Esquire of Boston for the purpose of paying for a quantity of copper & tin, necessary for making ten eight inch Howitz, and for a small advance upon the workmanship, agreeably to a contract with Paul Revere for that purpose.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0019", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [6 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, August 6, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President, sends him the statement of facts promised. The date is proposed to be two or three days before the Proclamation, when it was in fact begun. There is a blank to be filled with a quotation from a former proclamation which is not immediately at hand; but the blank will be filled before it goes to the press. If the President thinks the publication proper & will be pleased to return the enclosed, the original draft being too much obliterated for the purpose. it shall be immediately begun in Dunlap\u2019s paper.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0021", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, [7\u20138 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, August 7\u20138, 1794.]\nMr. Hamilton requests Mr. Coxe agreeably to the wish of the President to have the contents of the inclosed Letters published omitting and altering such things as disclose the Writers. Dunlaps Paper will be a good channel for this purpose.\nThe sooner the better.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0022", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Elizabeth Hamilton, 7 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Elizabeth\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Albany, August 7, 1794. On August 12, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Elizabeth Hamilton: \u201cYour letter of the 7th alarms me.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0025", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to Thomas Mifflin, 7 August 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Mifflin, Thomas\nPhiladelphia Aug. 7. 1794\nSir\nThe President of the UStates has directed me to acknowlege the Receipt of your letter of the 5th instant and to communicate to you the following reply.\nIn requesting an interview with you, on the subject of the recent disturbances in the Western parts of Pensylvania, the President, besides the desire of manifesting a respectful attention to the Chief Magistrate of a State immediately affected, was influenced by the hope, that a free conference, guided by a united & comprehensive view of the constitutions of the UStates and of Pensylvania, and of the respective institutions authorities rights and duties of the two Governments\u2014would have assisted him in forming more precise ideas of the nature of the cooperation, which could be established between them and a better jugment of the plan, which it might be adviseable for him to pursue, in the execution of his trust, in so important and delicate a conjuncture. This having been his object, it is matter of some regret, that the course, which has been suggested by you, as proper to be pursued, seems to have contemplated Pensylvania in a light too separate and unconnected. The propriety of that course, in most, if not all respects, would be susceptible of little question; if there were no F\u0153deral Government, F\u0153deral laws, F\u0153deral Judiciary, or F\u0153deral officers; if important laws of the UStates, by a series of violent as well as of artful expedients, had not been frustrated in their execution for more than three years; if officers immediately charged with that execution, after suffering much and repeated insult, abuse personal ill treatment, and the destruction of property, had not been compelled for safety to fly the places of their residence and the scenes of their official Duties; if the service of the processes of a Court of the UStates had not been resisted and prevented, the Marshall of the District made and detained for some time prisoner & compelled, for safety also, to abandon the performance of his duty, & return by a circuitous route to the seat of Government: if, in fine, a judge of the UStates had not in due form of law notified to the President, that in the Counties of Washington & Alleghany, in Pensylvania, laws of the UStates are opposed and the execution thereof obstructed, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of Judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the Marshal of that District. It is true Your Excellency has remarked that in the plan suggested, you have only spoken as the Executive Magistrate of Pensylvania, charged with a general superintendance and care, that the laws of the commonwealth be faithfully executed, leaving it implicitly to the judgment of the President to chose on such evidence as he approves, the measures for discharging the analogous trust, which is confided to him in relation to the laws of the Union. But it is impossible not to think that the current of the observations in your letter, especially as to the consequences which may result from the employment of coercive measures, previous to the preliminary course which is indicated in it, may be construed to imply a virtual disapprobation of that plan of conduct, on the part of the General Government, in the actual stage of its affairs, which you acknowlege would be proper on the part of the Government of Pensylvania if arrived at a similar stage. Let it be assumed here (to be more particularly shewn hereafter) that the Govert. of the UStates is now at that point, where it is admitted, if the Govert. of Pensylvania was, the employment of force, by its authority, would be justifiable\u2014and Let the following extracts be consulted for the truth of the inference which has been just expressed. \u201cWill not the resort to force inflame and cement the existing opposition? Will it not associate in a common resistance those who have hitherto peaceably, as well as those who have riotously, expressed their abhorrence of the Excise? Will it not collect & combine every latent principle of discontent, arising from the supposed oppressive operations of the F\u0153deral Judiciary, the obstruction of the Western Navigation & a variety of other local sources? May not the magnitude of the opposition on the part of the ill disposed, or the dissatisfaction of a premature resort to arms, on the part of the well disposed, citizens of this state, eventually involve the necessity of employing the Militia of other States? And the accumulation of discontent, which the jealousy engendered by that movement may produce\u2014who can calculate or who will be able to avert?\u201d\nThese important questions naturally give birth to the following serious reflections.\nThe issues of human affairs are in the hands of Providence. Those entrusted with them in society have no other sure guide than the sincere and faithful discharge of their duty, according to the best of their judgments. In emergencies great and difficult, not to act with an energy proportioned to their magnitude and pressure is as dangerous as any other conceivable course. In the present case, not to exert the means, which the laws prescribe for effectuating their own execution, would be to sacrifice those laws and with them the Constitution, the Government, the principles of social order and the bulwarks of private right and security. What worse can happen, by the exertion of those means?\nIf, as cannot be doubted, the great body of the Citizens of the UStates are attached to the Constitution, which they have established for the management of their common concerns\u2014if they are resolved to support their own authority in that of the constitutional laws, against disorderly and violent combinations of comparitively small portions of the community\u2014if they are determined to protect each other in the enjoyment of security to person and property\u2014if they are decided to preserve the character of republican Government, by evincing that it has adequate resources for maintaining the public order\u2014if they are persuaded, that their safety and their welfare are materially connected with the preservation of the Union, and consequently of a Government adequate to its exigencies\u2014in fine, if they are disposed to continue that state of respectability and prosperity, which is now deservedly the admiration of Mankind\u2014the Enterprise to be accomplished, should a resort to force prove inevitable, though disagreeable and painful, cannot be arduous or alarming.\nIf in addition to these dispositions in the community at large\u2014the officers of the Governments of the respective States, feeling it to be not only a patriotic, but a constitutional duty (inculcated by the oath enjoined upon all the officers of a State, legislative Executive & Judicial) to support in their several stations, the Constitution of the UStates\u2014shall be disposed, as occasion may require (a thing as little to be doubted as the former) with sincerity and good faith to cooperate with the Government of the UStates, to second with all their influence and weight, its legal & necessary measures, by a real and substantial concert; then the enterprise to be accomplished can hardly even be deemed difficult.\nBut if contrary to the anticipations which are entertained of these favourable dispositions\u2014the great body of the people should be found indifferent to the preservation of the Government of the Union, or insensible to the necessity of vigorous exertions to repel the danger, which threatens their most important interests\u2014or if an unwillingness to encounter partial inconveniences should interfere with the discharge of what they owe to their permanent welfare\u2014or if either yielding to the suggestions of particular prejudices, or misled by the arts which may be employed to infuse jealousy & discontent, they should suffer their zeal for the support of public order to be relaxed by an unfavourable opinion of the merits & tendency of the measures, which may be adopted,\u2014if above all, it were possible, that any of the State Governments should instead of prompting the exertions of the Citizens assist directly or indirectly in damping their ardor, by giving a wrong byass to their judgment\u2014or by disseminating dissatisfaction with the proceedings of the General Government\u2014or should counteract the success of those proceedings by any sinister influence whatever\u2014then indeed no one can calculate, or may be able to avert, the fatal evils with which such a state of things would be pregnant. Then indeed the foundations of our political happiness may be deeply shaken, if not altogether overturned.\nThe President however can suppose none of these things. He cherishes an unqualified confidence in the virtue & good sense of the people, in the integrity and patriotism of the Officers of the State Governments\u2014and he counts absolutely on the same affectionate support, which he has experienced upon all former occasions, and which he is conscious that the goodness of his intentions now, not less than heretofore, merits.\nIt has been promised to shew more particularly hereafter, that the Government of the UStates is now at that point where it is confessed if the State Government was, the employment of force on its part would be justifiable. This promise remains to be fulfilled.\nThe facts already noted establish the conclusion; but to render it palpable, it will be of use to apply them to the positions which Your Excellency has been pleased to lay down.\nYou admit, that as the offences committed respect the State, the military power of the Government ought to be employed, where its judiciary authority, after a fair experiment, had proved incompetent to enforce obedience or to punish infractions of the law\u2014that if the strength and audacity of a lawless combination shall baffle and destroy the efforts of the Judiciary Authority, to recover a penalty or inflict a punishment, that authority may constitutionally claim the auxiliary intervention of the Military Power\u2014that in the last resort, at the requisition, & as an auxiliary, of the Civil Authority, the Military force of the State would be called forth. And you declare, that the circumstances of the case evidently require a firm and energetic conduct on the part both of the state and General Government.\nFor more than three years, as already observed, certain laws of the UStates have been obstructed in their execution by disorderly combinations. Not only officers, whose immediate duty it was to carry them into effect, have suffered violent personal outrage and injury and destruction of property, at different times, but similar persecution has extended to private citizens, who have aided countenanced or only complied with the laws. The violences committed have been so frequent and such in their degree as to have been matters of general notoriety and alarm\u2014and it may be added, that they have been abundantly within the knowlege and under the notice of Judges and Magistrates of Pensylvania of superior as well as of inferior jurisdiction. If in particular instances, they have been punished by the exertions of those Magistrates, it is at least certain, that their efforts have been in the main ineffectual. The spirit has continued, and with some intervals of relaxation has been progressive, manifesting itself in reiterated excesses. The Judiciary authority of the ustates has also, prior to the attempt, which preceded the late crisis, made some fruitless efforts. Under a former Marshall, an officer sent to execute process was deterred from it by the manifest danger of proceeding. These particulars serve to explain the extent, obstinacy & inveteracy of the evil.\nBut the facts which immediately decide the complexion of the existing crisis are these. Numerous delinquencies existed, with regard to a compliance with the laws laying duties on spirits distilled within the UStates and upon Stills. An armed banditti in disguise had recently gone to the house of an officer of the Revenue in the night, attacked it, broken open the doors; and by menaces of instant death enforced by pistols presented at him had compelled a surrender of his Commission and books of office. Cotemporary Acts of violence had been perpetrated in other quarters. Processes issued out of a Court of the UStates to recover the penalties incident to non compliance with the laws and to bring to punishment the violent infractors of them, in the abovementioned case against two of whom indictments had been found. The Marshall of the District went in person to execute these processes. In the course of his duty, he was actually fired upon on the high road by a body of armed men. Shortly after, other bodies of armed men (in the last instance amounting to several hundred persons) repeatedly attacked the house of the Inspector of the Revenue with the declared intention of compelling him to renounce his office, and of obstructing the execution of the laws. One of these bodies of armed men made prisoner of the Marshall of the District, put him in jeopardy of his life, and did not release him till for safety & to obtain his liberty, he engaged to forbear the further execution of the processes with which he was charged. In consequence of further requisitions and menaces of the insurgents, the Marshall, together with the Inspector of the Revenue, have been since under the necessity of flying secretly and by a circuitous route from the scene of these transactions towards the seat of Governt. An associate Justice, pursuant to the provisions of the laws for that purpose, has in the manner already stated officially notified the President of the existence of combinations in two of the Counties of this State, to obstruct the execution of the laws, too powerful to be suppressed by the Judiciary authority or by the powers of the Marshal.\nThus then, is it unequivocally, and in due form, ascertained, in reference to the Government of the UStates\u2014That the judiciary authority, after a fair and full experiment, has proved incompetent to enforce obedience to or to punish infractions of the laws\u2014that the strength and audacity of certain lawless combinations have baffled & destroyed the efforts of the Judiciary Authority to recover penalties or inflict punishment, and that this authority, by a regular notification of this state of things, has in the last resort, as an auxilliary of the Civil Authority, claimed the intervention of the Military Power of the UStates. It results from these facts, that the case exists when according to the positions advanced by Your Excelly in reference to the State Govt, the Military power may with due regard to all the requisite cautions be rightfully interposed: And that the interposition of this power is called for, not only by principles of a firm and energetic conduct, on the part of the General Government, but by the indispensable duty, which the constitution & the laws prescribe, to the Executive of the UStates.\nIn This conclusion, Your Excellency\u2019s discernment on mature reflection cannot it is presumed, fail to acquiesce: nor can it refuse its concurrence in the opinion which The President entertains, that he may reasonably expect, when called for, the zealous cooperation of the Militia of Pensylvania\u2014that as citizens, friends to law and order, they may comply with the call without anything that can be properly denominated \u201ca passive obedience to the mandates of Government,\u201d and that as freemen, judging rightly of the cause & nature of the service proposed to them, they will feel themselves under the most sacred of obligations to accept & to perform it with alacrity. The theory of our political institutions knows no difference between the obligations of our Citizens in such a case, whether it relate to the Govermt. of the Union or of a State\u2014and it is hoped & confided that a difference will be as little known to their affections or opinions.\nYour Excellency it is also presumed will as little doubt on the like mature reflection, that in such a case the President could not, without an abdication of the undoubted rights and authorities of the UStates & of his duty, postpone the measures for which the laws of the UStates provide to a previous experiment of the plan, which is delineated in your letter.\nThe People of the UStates have established a Government for the management of their general interests. They have instituted Executive Organs for administering that Government and their Representatives have established the rules by which those Organs are to act. When their authority in that of their Government is attacked, by lawless combinations of the citizens of part of a state, they could never be expected to approve, that the care of vindicating their authority, of enforcing their laws should be transferred from the Officers of their own Government to those of a State\u2014and this to wait the issue of a process so indeterminate in its duration, as that which it is proposed to pursue; comprehending a further and full experiment of the Judiciary authority of the State, a proclamation \u201cto declare the sentiments of its Government, announce a determination to prosecute and punish offenders, and to exhort the Citizens at large to pursue a peaceable & patriotic conduct\u201d\u2014the sending of Commissioners \u201cto address those who have embarked in the present Combinations, upon the lawless nature & ruinous tendency of their proceedings, to inculcate the necessity of an immediate return to the duty, which they owe their Country & to promise, as far as the state is concerned, forgiveness of their past transactions, upon receiving a satisfactory assurance that in future they will submit to the laws\u201d\u2014and finally a call of the Legislature of Pensylvania, \u201cthat the ultimate means of subduing the spirit of Insurrection and of restoring tranquillity and order may be prescribed by their wisdom & authority.\u201d\nIf there were no other objection to a transfer of this kind, the very important difference, which is supposed to exist in the nature and consequences of the Offences that have been committed in the contemplation of the laws of the UStates & of those of Pensylvania\u2014would alone be a very serious obstacle.\nThe paramount considerations, which forbid an acquiescence in this course of proceeding\u2014render it unnecessary to discuss the probability of its success; else it might have been proper to test the considerations, which have been mentioned as a ground of hope, by the inquiry what was the precise extent of the success of the past experiment\u2014& especially whether the execution of the Revenue laws of Pensylvania within the scene in question was truly & effectually accomplished by them\u2014or whether they did not rather terminate in a tacit compromise, by which appearances only were served.\nYou are already, Sir, advised, that The President yielding to the impressions which have been stated, has determined to take measures for calling forth the Militia; and that These measures contemplate the assembling a body of between twelve & thirteen thousand men from Pensylvania & the neighbouring States of Virginia Maryland & New Jersey. The recourse thus early to the Militia of the neighbouring States proceeds from a probability of the insufficiency of that of Pensylvania alone to accomplish the object; your Excellency having in your conference with the President confirmed the conclusion, which was deducible from the known local and other circumstances of the State, by the frank and explicit declaration which you made of your conviction of that insufficiency, in reference to the number which could be expected to be drawn forth for the purpose.\nBut while the President has conceived himself to be under an indispensable obligation to prepare for that eventual resort, he has still consulted the sentiment of regret, which he expressed to you, at the possible necessity of an appeal to arms; & to avert it, if practicable, as well as to manifest his attention to the principle, that \u201ca firm and energetic conduct does not preclude the exercise of a prudent and humane policy\u201d he has (as you have been also advised) concluded upon the measure of sending himself Commissioners to the discontented counties to make one more experiment of a conciliatory appeal to the reason, virtue & patriotism of their Inhabitants, and has also signified to you how agreeable would be to him your cooperation in the same expedient, which you have been pleased to afford. It can scarcely be requisite to add, that there is nothing he has more at heart, than that the issue of this experiment, by establishing the authority of the laws, may preclude the always calamitous necessity of an appeal to arms. It would plant a thorn in the remainder of his path through life to have been obliged to employ force against fellow Citizens, for giving solidity and permanency to blessings, which it has been his greatest happiness, to cooperate with them in procuring for a much loved Country.\nThe President receives with much pleasure the assu[r]ance you have repeated to him, that whatever requisition he may make, whatever duty he may impose, in pursuance of his constitutional and legal powers, will on your part be promptly undertaken and faithfully discharged; and acknowleging, as an earnest of this and even more, the measures of cooperation which you are pursuing, he assures you in return, that he relies fully on the most cordial aid and support from you in every way, which the constitutions of the UStates & of Pensylvania shall authorise and present or future exigencies may require.\nAnd he requests that you will construe, with a reference to this assurance of his confidence, whatever remarks may have been made in the course of this Reply to your letter, if it shall have happened that any of them have erred through a misconception of the sentiments and views which you may have meant to communicate.\nWith perfect respect & esteem \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your Excellency Most Obedient & most humble servant\nHis Excellency Thomas Mifflin EsqGovernor of Pensylvania", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0026-0001", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Quincy Adams, 8 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\nTreasury Department August 8th. 1794\nSir,\nYou will find herewith sundry Documents marked A, B, C, D, E, F, G, & H\u2014A being a copy of the Presidents Power to me to conduct certain loans, directed by two Acts of Congress therein referred to, B a Copy of a power from me to Messrs. Wilhem and Jan Willinks & Nicholas & Jacob Van Staphorst & Hubbard predicated upon that of the President to me, C a copy of a power from me to Mr. Short founded also upon the Presidents power to me, D a copy of my general instructions to Mr Short transmitted with that power, E a list of the Loans which have been effected under these powers, F a Power from me to Messrs. Wilhem & Jan Willinks & Nicholas & Jacob Van Staphorst & Hubbard authorising them to make a Loan not exceeding one Million of Dollars for the purposes of an Act entitled \u201cAn Act making further provision for the expenses attending the intercourse of the United States with foreign Nations and further to continue in force the Act entitled \u201cAn Act providing the means of Intercourse between the United States and foreign Nations\u201d G a copy of my instructions respecting the execution of that power, H a power from me to you to make such further Loans as are authorised by those Acts and as the public Service does or shall require.\nThese papers are intended to give you a general outline of the business. The instruction to Mr Short will serve to communicate ruling ideas which appeared to me proper to regulate the course of it. But subsequent circumstances have rendered many of the suggestions there inapplicable to the actual posture of things. In fact no Loan is to be made without further special instruction except that to which the Documents F & G relate.\nThis as well as the future ones which may be directed, you will consider as subject to your superintendence, as our Commissioners at Amsterdam will be informed. The instruction to them will in this particular be your guide. In the situation in which this object has been placed, you will easily appreciate what propriety towards those Gentlemen demands. And in general I may observe respecting them, that while you ought not to lose sight of the possibility of their having sometimes a personal interest, different from that of the Government, you ought to consider them as men who have established a well founded Claim to its confidence.\nIn the future progress of things it is probable that the subject here by committed to you will again become of great importance and delicacy & you will of course take pains to possess yourself of all requisite and useful information.\nWith the truest Wishes for your Success & happiness & with much personal consideration and Esteem,\nI have the honor to be \u2003 Sir, \u2003 Your most Obedient Servant\nAlexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasy\nJohn Q Adams EsquireMinister Resident from the United Statesat the Hague", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0028", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 8 August 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nT: D: R O August 8th 1794\nSir\nIn the present deranged state of things, there appears little probability of obtaining a timely supply for 1795 of spirits lawfully distilled in the western survey of Pennsylvania, and there is a manifest possibility that like causes may prevent such a supply from Kentucky & the Western Survey of Virginia. It therefore becomes a matter of importance, that such eventual arrangements should be made as will ensure to the Western Army the necessary quantity of distilled spirits. The point to be considered is whether the whole shall be procured from the places in which spirits are permitted to be lawfully distilled Vizt. Virginia & Kentucky.\nI have the honor to be your mo obedt. Servt.\nTench Coxe Commissr.\nThe Secy. of the Treasy.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0029", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Elizabeth Hamilton, 8 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hamilton, Elizabeth\nPhiladelphia Aug 8. 1794\nI just take up my pen My Dear Eliza to assure you of all our health & of our continual & fervent prayers for you & those with you. Your last letter and one from Doctor Stringer have been received. The latter gave me hopes; though I shall tremble as often as I open a letter from Albany till My Darling boys situation has become more decided. God of his infinite mercy grant that he may be preserved to us.\nAdieu My Love\nThank the Doctor for his kind letter.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0030", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 8 August 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, August 8, 1794. On August 12, 1794, Tench Coxe wrote to Samuel Hodgdon: \u201cI have just received from the secy. of the Treasy a letter to him of the 8th. inst. from the Secy. at War, containing a requisition of certain articles.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0031", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 8 August 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar Department, Accountant\u2019s Office, August 8, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to inclose you an abstract of pay due the dismounted Infantry for the defensive protection of the Territory south west of the Ohio \u2026 in 1793 and part of 1794, an estimate of expenses and for pay of the Federal troops in that Quarter, also an estimate of the ordinary expenses of Government for Governor Blount for the year 1794.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0032", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Quincy Adams, 9 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\nTreasury Department August 9th. 1794\nSir,\nUpon a revision of the Loans, which have been made under the Acts of Congress of the 4th. & 12th. of August 1790, I have discovered, that a loan for One Millions of Guilders, made the 1st. of June 1793, is not upon the list marked E, accompanying the other papers, mentioned in my letter to you of the 8th. Instant.\nIn consequence of this omission, the sum already borrowed in pursuance of the said Acts, will amount to twenty three millions five hundred & fifty thousand Guilders, in place of Twenty two millions five hundred & fifty thousand as stated in the list and as inserted in the power from me to you. To give accuracy therefore, to the documents respecting this business I have transmitted to you herewith, a correct list of the Loans already made with a new power executed in form upon the receipt of which you will be pleased to cancel the other power and return it with the imperfect list under cover to me.\nI have the Honor to be \u2003 with great respect \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your Most Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nJohn Q. Adams EsquireMinister Resident fromthe United Statesat the Hague.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0033", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 9 August 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, August 9, 1794. Calls attention to his letters of May 24, February 18, March 11, and April 19, 1794, \u201cwhich have been transmitted or communicated to you for the purpose of obtaining the Decision of the President.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0034", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 9 August 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, August 9, 1794. \u201cBrown & Francis & Co. having agreed to make one hundred & twenty eight pieces of Iron cannon, I have to request that you will possess the supervisor of Rhode Island of the sum of 5400 Dollars which is to be paid them in advance.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0035", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jonathan Dayton, 9 August 1794\nFrom: Dayton, Jonathan\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nElizabethtown [New Jersey] August 9, 1794. \u201cWill you be so obliging as to turn your attention immediately to the subject of Judge Symmes\u2019s purchase between the Miamis, in order to have the different writings prepared for executing upon his arrival in Philadelphia, which will be in four or five days? \u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0037", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 10 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia] August 10, 1794. \u201cMr. Hamilton wishes to see Mr. Coxe at his house tomorrow Morning as early as may be not exceeding 9 oClock.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0038", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 11 August 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCustom HouseDistrict of Providence 11th Augt. 1794.\nSir.\nOn the 24th April last I had the Honor of Transmitting for your information Sundry Documents relative to the Suits of Messrs. Arnold and Dexter against me: my not hearing from you, Since, on that Subject, and as the Court meets in this Town on the 15th Septr. next, when Damages are to be assessed\u2014I am induced to enclose a letter from Mr. Barnes to me, relative to his Idea of the Future Management of those Suits and respectfully to ask your advice & Instructions as to the Ultimate mode of Defence thereof, and to say with Deference, that I am in Sentiment with Mr. Barnes (Since a favourable Change in the Court has taken place) of Petitioning the Genl. Assembly for a New Trial. As there Seems to be no new points to be Stated before the Court in the assessment of Damages, I have deemed it inexpedient for the United States to be at any Further Expence for Counsil in the Defence of these Suits, than what will accrue in the employment of Messrs. Barnes & Eddy, but whatever instructions (in respect to this, or the ultimate modes of Conducting the Suits) you may please to Communicate shall attentively be carried into Execution.\nI have the Honor to be &c.\nJereh. Olney Collr.\nAlexander Hamilton Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0040", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 12 August 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, August 12, 1794. \u201cMr. Coxe \u2026 will be glad to have the remittance of 5000 Dolls. transmitted to each of the Naval agents, who have not had that sum. Mr. Blagge of N York & Messr. Sterret of Baltimore have applied so lately as this day & yesterday for a payment on account. Mr. Coxe\u2019s reply to the Secrys enquiry was sent the 2d instant.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0041", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 12 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia] August 12, 1794. \u201cMr. Hamilton requests Mr Coxe to call at his house as soon as he comes in this Morning.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0042", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Elizabeth Hamilton, [12 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hamilton, Elizabeth\n[Philadelphia, August 12, 1794]\nYour letters, my beloved Eliza, have been regularly received & I thank you much for your punctuality fatigued as you are with our precious infant. Would to heaven I were with you but alas \u2019tis impossible. My fervent prayers are not wanting that God will support you & rescue our loved Child.\nI believe the course you are pursuing is as good a one as can be pursued\u2014though I am somewhat afraid of the relaxing effect of the laudanum. I think well of the lime water but I count most on exercise and nourishment. Your letter of the 7th alarms me, in which you say he does not gain strength & that he was not so well as he had been. Yet I hope something from the favourable change of the weather.\nYou wish to hasten your return to me. Alas My Betsey how much I wish you with me. But I really hope more from the climate you are in than from this. Besides how could you without assistance make such a journey with our dear lamb without exposing him & yourself too much. I pray heaven that he may grow better & that you may be so far relieved as to benefit by your native air. My anxiety on your account is little less than for our dear Child.\nReceive my most tender and affectionate wishes for you both. They are all I can now offer\u2014Hard hard situation.\nA Hamilton\nI can advise you nothing better than to pursue the Doctor\u2019s advice.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0043", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Elizabeth Hamilton, 12 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hamilton, Elizabeth\n[Philadelphia] August 12, 1794\nI wrote to you my beloved Eliza by the post of to day. My heart cannot cease to ach till I hear some more favourable account from you. I sit down to write such further thoughts as have occurred.\nIf my darling child is better when this reaches you persevere in the plan which has made him so. If he is worse\u2014abandon the laudanum & try the cold bath\u2014that is abandon the laudanum by degrees giving it over night but not in the morning\u2014& then leaving it off altogether. Let the water be put in the Kitchen over night & in the morning let the child be dipped in it head foremost wrapping up his head well & taking him again immediately out, put in flannel & rubbed dry with towels. Immediately upon his being. taken out let him have two tea spoons full of brandy mixed with just enough water to prevent its taking away his breath.\nObserve well his lips. If a glow succeeds continue the bath. If a chill takes place forbear it. If a glow succeeds the quantity of brandy may be lessened after the first experiment.\nTry the bark at the same time in tincture about mid day, but if this disagrees discontinue it.\nWhen you exercise him, if he can bear it, give him eight or ten Miles at a time.\nShew this letter to your father & tell the Doctor of the advice I have given. But if the child be certainly worse do not easily be persuaded from the course I advise.\nMay heaven direct you & bless the means which shall be used. My love to all the family.\nYrs. ever Affect\nA Hamilton\nMrs E Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0044", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Howell, Junior, 12 August 1794\nFrom: Howell, Joseph, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar Department, Accountant\u2019s Office, August 12, 1794. Requests the Treasury to provide five thousand dollars for various expenses of the War Department.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0045", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [12 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, August 12, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President & sends him two letters which were received last night from Pittsburgh.\nWould it not be adviseable to put the Garrison of Fort Franklin in the power of Major Butler, so that if he deems it advisable he may draw a part of it to his aid?\nAn attack from the Indians appears at present improbable, & an attack from the Insurgents probable enough.\nThe bearer of the letters waits orders to return. Will The President suggest anything?\nAugust 12. 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0047", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the President, Directors, and Company of the Bank of the United States, 13 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President, Directors, and Company of the Bank of the United States\nTreasury Department, August 13, 1794. \u201cI have to request that you will be so obliging as to pay to Thomas Cumming, Attorney for Fanny Forsyth, the sum of Two thousand Dollars; being so much granted to the Widow and Children of Robert Forsyth, late Marshall for the District of Georgia, by an Act of Congress of the 7th. of June 1794.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0048", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 13 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia] August 13, 1794. \u201cMr. Hamilton requests Mr. Coxe to send him the letter from Coll Neville with the inclosures to complete his statement.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0050", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 13 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n[Philadelphia, August 13, 1794. On August 25, 1794, Ellery wrote to Hamilton and referred to \u201cYour letter of the 13th. of this month.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0051", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jeremiah Olney, 13 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Olney, Jeremiah\nTreasury Department, August 13, 1794. \u201cAs great inconveniences have arisen from your discontinuing to endorse the name of your Office on your letters of a public nature; as heretofore directed I have to request, that you will in future be more punctual in conforming to a regulation so necessary to the dispatch of business in my Department.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0053", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the Executors of the Estate of Otho H. Williams, 14 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Executors of the Estate of Otho H. Williams\n[Philadelphia, August 14, 1794. On August 14, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Robert Purviance: \u201cI have Judged it most adviseable to address a letter to \u2026 [Williams\u2019s] executors.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0054", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Jackson, 14 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Jackson, Henry\n[Philadelphia] August 14, 1794. \u201cA Warrant has this day issued in your favor on the Treasurer of the United States for five Thousand Dollars, which he has been directed to pay, by remitting to you a draught for a Similar amount on the Office of Discount and Deposit at Boston. This money being on account of the Frigate, intended to be built at Boston, you will receive the necessary information with respect to the application thereof from the Commissioner of the Revenue.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0055", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Purviance, 14 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Purviance, Robert\nTreasury DepartmentAugust 14th 1794\nSir,\nAs I am at a loss to determine into whose hands the monies, Bonds and other property belonging to the United States have fallen, in consequence of the death of General Williams your predecessor in Office, I have Judged it most adviseable to address a letter to his Executors on the subject and another to the Deputy Collector, both of which you will find inclosed.\nI have therefore to request, that immediately upon the receipt of this, you will take the necessary measures for getting into your possession all the monies and other property of the United States as aforesaid\u2014observing to give me the earliest information thereof.\nI am with consideration \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Obedient Servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nRobert Purviance EsquireCollector Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0056", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Rawle, 14 August 1794\nFrom: Rawle, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, August 14, 1794. The endorsement on a letter that Hamilton wrote to Rawle on July 17, 1794, reads as follows: \u201crecd Augt. 14. answd same day.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0058", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 14 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasy. Dept. August 14. 1794.\nSir,\nThe Attorney for the District of Virginia has presented to the accounting officers of the Treasury Department, a claim against the United States for his services in attending at Norfolk by direction from the Secy. of State, in order to take depositions respecting a british vessel alledged to have been taken by a french privateer within the limits of the United States; which claim has been accordingly adjusted and the sum of sixty four dollars found due to the said Attorney.\nAs I know of no other fund out of which this money can be paid, and as it is highly probable that similar charges for preserving the neutrality of the United States, may be presented at the Treasury, I would beg leave to suggest to the President, whether they ought not to be discharged out of the fund of twenty thousand dollars appropriated the last session of Congress, to defray the contingent charges of Government. If the President should be of this opinion, he will be pleased to signify his approbation, as it relates to the Attorney for Virginia, upon the Comptroller\u2019s certificate transmitted herewith.\nI have also further to observe that Mr. Higginson, late Agent for the United States in the british West India Islands has in pursuance of his instructions from me, approved by The President, drawn upon the Treasurer of the United States, three bills, amounting to Three thousand nine hundred & fifty Dollars, on account of the expenses attending his mission. It will be necessary therefore, in order to honor these drafts, that the President should also authorize me to pay them out of the said fund of twenty thousand Dollars. This will be conformable with the course pursued in regard to the money advanced to him previous to his departure.\nWith the most perfect respect \u2003 I have the honor to be &c.\nAlexander Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0060", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [15 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, August 15, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to The President\u2014incloses him a letter which Mr. Coxe has just brought to him for his perusal.\nIt is conceived that a reply may be given to this Letter, by Mr Coxe, which being published with the letter, may do good. If the President sees no objection, the idea will be pursued.\nIt is said that papers have been received from England down to the 26. of June, which announce that the duke of york & general Clairfait have received a new & total defeat, their army cut to peices & the duke of york missing. This was in an attempt to relieve Ypres. It is added that in consequence the Emperor has offered to purchase peace by a relinquishment of all the Low Countries.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0061", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Isaac Craig, 16 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Craig, Isaac\n[Philadelphia, August 16, 1794. John C. Hamilton states that on this date Hamilton wrote to Craig. Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0062", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Jay, 16 August 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nLondon 16 Augt. 1794\nDear Sir\nI am happy to find by a New York paper, that the Result of the late Inquiry into your official Conduct is perfectly consistant with the Expectations of your Friends. It is there represented as being voluminous, and in a variety of Respects interesting. Be so good as to send me a copy. I wrote to you lately a confidential Letter, under Cover to the President. My Dispatches to Mr Randolph were under the same cover. I presumed that if the Vessel should be examined by some rude privateer, more Respect would be paid to a Letter directed to the President, than to others.\nNothing very important has since occurred. Things are in a Train that looks promising; but the Issue is of Course uncertain. The Resolutions from Kentucky and N. Carolina are here; and make disagreable Impressions. Incivilities as often produce Resentment as Injuries do.\nAffairs in Europe wear a serious aspect. The french continue Succesful, and the English decided\u2014it is thought the Dutch will resign to their Fate without very strenuous opposition. Geneva is undergoing another Revolution. News of Robertspiere\u2019s \u27e8vio\u27e9lent Death, has arrived, and gains Credit. If true, the \u27e8impo\u27e9rtance of it to France or the Allies cannot yet be calculated. \u27e8\u2013\u27e9 Events have hitherto been more common than influencial.\nYours sincerely\nJohn Jay\n\u27e8\u2013 Hamil\u27e9ton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0063", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 16 August 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, Saturday afternoonAugust 16th 1794\nDear Sir,\nI have just seen Mr. Fauchet. He says, that La Carmagnol was ordered by him to sail eight or ten days ago, and is probably gone; but that she came in hither, pursued by a vessel of war, now waiting for her at the mouth of the Delaware. I informed him, that his answer was desired in writing: He promised to send it to the Office this afternoon, and I have directed it to be sent to you. He will perhaps place the thing in such a point of view, as to require some consideration and perhaps modification. I wish therefore, that you would send the letter out, if after reading it you think that something must be immediately done.\nYours with respect and esteem\nEdm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0064", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 16 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasy Departmt. Aug: 16. 1794.\nSir,\nIt appears probable that advantages will result from giving to the Citizens at large information on the subject of the disturbances which exist in the Western parts of Pennsylvania.\nWith this view, if no objection to the measure should occur to you, I would cause a publication to be made of the Report which I had the honor to address to you, dated the 5th. instant.\nWith the most perfect respect &c.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0066", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Abraham Hunt, 17 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hunt, Abraham\nTreasury DepartmentAug 17. 1794\nSir\nIn the event of a detachment of Militia assembling in New Jersey to march against the insurgents in the Western parts of Pensylvania it is my wish that it may be convenient to you to undertake to procure supplies for them of every kind transportation included until they get into Pensylvania, for which a Commission of 5 \u214c Cent on the amount of expenditures would be allowed.\nIf it shall be agreeable to you to undertake, I request that you will without delay confer with the Governor, as to the places of rendezvous, in the first instance, and routes of the corps which may be called out, so as to digest beforehand the necessary ideas respecting the execution, when the final order shall go from hence, which if not prevented by a submission of the insurgents (of which there is too little probability) cannot I presume be long delayed.\nYou may take as a guide that the Militia of Pensylvania and Jersey are to be assembled at Carlisle.\nThe public has already contracts in New Jersey [at Elizabeth Town & New-Brunswick for supplying the Troops of the United States. The price of the ration at the first mentioned place is 12\u00bc Cents and at the last place fourteen Cents, including Medical aid.] You will judge whether it is its interest to avail itself of any supplies which may be wanted under these contracts or whether they can otherwise be obtained on better terms; for the contracts only fix the rates which shall be paid for any supplies that may be required.\nIt will be agreeable to me to hear from you without delay.\nWith much esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obedient ser\nAH\nAbraham Hunt EsqTrenton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0067", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Davidson, 18 August 1794\nFrom: Davidson, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nAnnapolis August 18, 1794\nSir\nI have always with cheerfulness obeyed your Mandates, and to keep up a proper Republican System, I have in my turn to request that you will be pleased to obey mine; it goes to your providing Funds for the improvement of an high eligible Lot in our Presidents City convenient to his House, over which you may look as to position only, which I mean to convey to you in Fee, on Condition that you improve it to your own liking by the year 1800; for your choice of the Lot I will locate my property there, and if you approve not of my choice you may roam over the whole and perch where you please; my choice lays on the north edge of K Street No. 284 east or west of it the highest situations in the City. Hambugh heights excepted, upon the plan of that City published at Boston you will please to cast your Eye from South G Street to North N Street and from East 9 Street to West 15 Street, you will perceive the limits to which I must confine you: K Street divides the City North & South, and the first Circle on Vermont Avenue from the Presidents Square ranging with K Street Eastward are the highest and in my Opinion the most desireable Situations, but should you wish to be nearer the Presidents House on either side of New York Avenue you shall be accomodated by\nSir \u2003 Your most respectfull & very Obedient Servt.\nJohn Davidson\nMr. Secretary Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0068", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Stephen Moylan, 18 August 1794\nFrom: Moylan, Stephen\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] August 18, 1794. \u201cOn the 5th of this month I received from the Secretary of War an order to pay Invalid Pensioners the Sum of 8752 dollars & 1 cent being for the amount of their annual pension up to the 4th day of Sepr. 1794 inclusively. You will please to issue a Warrant for that Sum.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0069", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Purviance, 18 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Purviance, Robert\nTreasury Department August 18th 1794\nSir,\nI have to request that you will furnish me with a Statement of the circumstances relating to the Schooner Martha belonging to Messrs. Munnickhuysen & Sadler of Baltimore which sailed for Hispaniola during the Embargo and conditioned to return in Ballast.\nIt appears from a Letter of her Owners to me that she brought back some Molasses and Taffia, the latter of which was contained in Casks of less than Ninety Gallons.\nI am with consideration \u2003 Sir \u2003 your most obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nRobert Purviance EsquireCollector of Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0070", "content": "Title: War Department Circular to the Governors of the States, 18 August 1794\nFrom: War Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Governors of the States\nPhiladelphia August 18th 1794\nSir,\nThe Secretary at War being absent from the Seat of Government, I am directed by the President to write to you on the Subject of those French privateers, fitted out in our ports which you have been heretofore informed were to be denied asylum within the United States, except upon the condition of being dismantled of their military equipments.\nThe subsequent conduct of some of these Vessels is a matter of real embarrassment and dissatisfaction. By running from one port to another, they have in effect enjoyed the asylum, which it was intended to deny them, and have thereby placed the Government in the unpleasant situation not only of seeing itself trifled with but of being liable to the suspicion of connivance in an evasion of its positive assurances to Foreign powers.\nIt is inadmissible that such a state of things should continue. And therefore the President has come to a resolution to cause every such Vessel which since the promulgation of his instruction to refuse them asylum shall have been in a port of the United States so as to have had an opportunity to acquire a knowledge of that instruction and which shall hereafter be found in any Port or District of the United states to be deprived of her military equipments.\nI have it in instruction from him to communicate this resolution to you and to request your effectual cooperation in carrying it into execution within the state of [Massachusetts].\nWhile the reasons which have been assigned beget a solicitude in the President that the measure may be punctually and completely executed, there are weighty considerations which induce him to wish that it may be found practicable to accomplish it in each case without bloodshed. To this end it will be useful that any force which may be employed for the purpose should be such as will controul a disposition to resist.\nWith perfect respect, \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most obedient and humble servant\nAlexander Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0071", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 18 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nPhiladelphia Aug: 18. 1794.\nThe Secretary of the Treasury submits to the President the draft of a letter on the subject of the proscribed privateers. Would it not be adviseable to communicate the matter to the French minister, & to request his cooperation in causing our ports to be no longer \u27e8\u2013\u27e9by those vessels?\nThe appointments of Collectors for the Districts of Hampton & Snow-Hill is become urgent, the present incumbents having reiterated their requests that they might be relieved. Names have been placed before the President by letter in the first place, & in the last verbally.\nThe enclosed papers will remind the President of the state of the business in each case. The Secretary wishes it may appear to him expedient to name Mr Jones for Hampton.\nHe has been able to obtain no light as to Mr Randolph\u2019s suggestion respecting Mr Selby, but he imagines the present Collector would not recommend a person really obnoxious to his fellow Citizens. There are some other vacancies to be filled, which the Secretary will shortly have the honor of conferring with The President concerning.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0072", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 18 August 1794\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nQuadruplicate \u2003 Or: pr. Sh. Adrianae. Fitzpatrick. Dupl. pr. Br. Union Leader to New York Tripl: pr. Br. Harriot Holland.\nAmsterdam 18 August 1794.\nSir!\nConformable to our last respects of 1 Instant We have now the pleasure to transmit You inclosed Bill of Lading and Invoice of 89 Casks Salpetre, consigned to You by our order, by David Henry Rowohl of Hamburgh per the Bacchus bound to Philadelphia, Richard George Master, amounting to Holland Currency  f 42,579.14. 8 f 46,000. Insurance upon ditto, at\n6 percent\nPolicy\nOur Commission \u00bd per Cent\nTo debit of the United States in\nHd. Cy. \nWhich Salpetre We wish soon and safe to you in perfect good condition.\nWe are yet without, but hourly expect to receive intelligence of the remainder of your order for this article having been purchased and shipped at Copenhagen, in consequence of the positive and strong directions We gave to that effect.\nWe are respectfully \u2003 Sir! \u2003 Your most ob. hb. Servants\nWilhem & Jan Willink\nN & J Van Staphorst & Hubbard\nAlexd. Hamilton Esqr. Secretary of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0074", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 19 August 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nT:D: R:O. August 19th. 1794\nMr. Coxe has the honor to inform the secy. of the Treasy. that he is only waiting for a return from the War Departmt. of the places and numbers, at, & for which, the Rations will be wanted. As a document which might have served the purpose, he applied at the Secy. of the Tresys. office, for a sight or a copy of the notification for supplies of the last year, which he understands cannot be found. As soon as either of the two papers shall be received, Mr. Coxe will proceed in the business.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0075", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Bartholomew Dandridge, 19 August 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] August 19, 1794. \u201cI am directed by the President to inform you, in reply to your letter of the 16. instant, that relying that the facts contained in the Report have been stated with due care, & from authentic sources, he perceives no objection to the publication of it as proposed.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0076", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 19 August 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNewport [Rhode Island] August 19, 1794. \u201cSince my last have arrived here the Schooner St. George of Montego Bay \u2026 captured on the High Seas by the Frigate La Concorde; also the Brig Perserverance of St. John New Brunswick \u2026 bound last from Turks Island for Newyork and captured on the high Seas, by the Privateer Sans Pareille.\u2026 Inclosed are copies of the papers produced to me.\u2026 I wrote a letter to the Governor of this State \u2026 inclosing \u2026 a copy of that part of your instructs. which relates to Privateers originally fitted out in the United States, and prizes brought or sent in by such Privateers.\u2026 Jean Baptiste Bernard the Prize master of the Perseverance has been apprehended on a charge of having murdered a man in Charlestown last June \u2026 and he has been confined in Gaol.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0077", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 19 August 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNewport [Rhode Island] August 19, 1794. \u201cThe Sloop Aurora Hersey Bradford of Bristol master arrived not long since at the Port of Bristol in this District from the Port of Boston without a Register, or Enrollment and License, but with a Certified manifest from the Custom house there. By said proceeding both the Vessel and her cargo became subject to seizure and forfeiture; and upon Notice being given to me of this transactn. by the Surveyor of the Port of Bristol I directed him to take the Vessel into his Custody until the District Attorney could be consulted in the Case.\u2026 The District Attorney has been applied to, and inclosed is a copy of his Advice.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0078", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Howell, Junior, 19 August 1794\nFrom: Howell, Joseph, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar Department, Accountant\u2019s Office, August 19, 1794. \u201c\u2026 I have \u2026 in the absence of the Secretary of War to request you will be pleased to place in the hands of the Treasurer the sum of Thirty six thousand four hundred and fifty dollars for the pay and Subsistence of the Troops under the immediate command of General Wayne, the further sum of Two thousand five hundred dollars and 90 Cents for the Troops at Fort Pitt and its dependencies and also a further sum of Sixty Thousand dollars for the Kentucky Volunteers.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0081", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Robert Purviance, 19 August 1794\nFrom: Purviance, Robert\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Baltimore, August 19, 1794. On August 22, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Purviance: \u201cI am to acknowledge the Receipt of your Letter of the 19th Instant, with the inclosures therein mentioned.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0083", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 19 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasy. Dept. Augt. 19. 1794\nSir,\nA temporary absence from the seat of Government, & the extra avocations which have occupied me since my return have delayed my submitting to you the inclosed communication of the 15 of July from the Commissioner of the Revenue.\nThe arrangement proposed is the result of a previous consultation between the Commissioner of the Revenue & myself, and appears to me proper.\nIf adopted, it will remain to appoint the requisite officers to which the power of the President is competent. On this head I will have the honor of submitting personally the result of my reflections & enquiries.\nI have the honor &c.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0084", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 20 August 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, August 20, 1794. \u201cThe enclosed three counterfeit notes of the Bank of North America, with the affidavits accompanying them, were transmitted to this office by the Supervisor of Virginia. Col. Carrington wishes \u2026 that the amount of these notes \u2026 will be placed to his Credit by the United States.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0085", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 20 August 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston August 20th 1794\nSir\nCaptain Magee returned here a few days since from a long voyage to the Northwest shores of America Canton &c. He has been absent about three years during which time he has sailed about fourteen thousand leagues. He left Boston in a new ship with two new suits of sails one of Boston manufactured cloth and one foreign. I asked him particular respecting the Boston duck and had for answer that none could be better. It is impossible for a man to express himself in strong terms in favour of any thing than he did in favour of this Cloth.\nOn the 17th of May last I addressed a line to you covering a complaint from Mr. Tisdale and others respecting the value we put on the goods they imported from France. What gave rise to the discontent was the estimate made in New york & Philadelphia on like goods imported at the same time. They as is represented put the value of a liver much lower that we did. Their first bonds have been paid; their second are now due. Your decision on the question will probably prevent an action being brought on them. What ever you shall say on the subject will I doubt not put an end to the business. This leads me to wish your early attention to this complaint.\nSecy of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0086", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 20 August 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nProvidence, August 20, 1794. \u201cThe public Scale-beam, now in use at this Port, being in want of repairs, and too small for weighing Hemp and large hhds of Sugar \u2026 I ask your permission to procure another Beam \u2026 necessary for the convenience and dispatch of public business in this District.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0088", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 21 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\nTreasury Department August 21st 1794\nSir,\nI have directed the Treasurer of the United States to remit to you on account of the fortifications erecting at Newport the further Sum of Two thousand five hundred Dollars in bills to be drawn payable to yourself or order.\nThese draughts having blanks for the directions are to be filled up on yourself provided the funds in your hands are adequate to the purpose. If that however should not be the case, you will draw upon the Cashier of the Bank of Providence for the deficiency.\nI shall Just add, that in the expenditure of this money, you will strictly conform to the instructions & regulations contained in my letter to you of the 3d of April 1794.\nI am with consideration \u2003 Sir, \u2003 Your most obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nAs the remittance now made completes the whole sum allotted for the fortifying of Newport you must take care, that the expenditures including your Commission thereon does not exceed the amount of the remittances.\nWilliam Ellery Esquire\nCollector of Newport\nRhode Island", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0091", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Sim Lee, 21 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Thomas Sim\nPhiladelphia August the 21st1974\nSir\nI have the honor to acknowlege the Receipt of your letter to the Secretary at War of the 15 instant.\nThe President, to whom it has been communicated, considers the determination of the Council to furnish the detachment of Militia called for from your State with Musquets Bayonets and Cartouchboxes as a new proof of their zeal for the support of the Government and laws of the United States. It is understood that all other articles are to be provided and furnished by the United States.\nWith perfect respect & esteem \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Obedient & humble servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nHis ExcellencyThomas E. Lee esqGovernor of Maryland", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0092", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Robert Purviance, 21 August 1794\nFrom: Purviance, Robert\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBaltimore, August 21, 1794. \u201cI am to Acknowled[g]e the receipt of your favor of the 14 Instant, covering a Letter to the Exec[u]tors of General Williams and another to Mr. Richmond his late Deputy.\u2026 The backward state in which the late Collectors Books stand at this moment, leaves me at a loss to Judge when I shall be enabled to pass a receipt for the Bonds and other property of the United States.\u2026 I must Observe, that ever since Mr. Delozier left the Collectors office, the Accts have gradually fallen behind, occasioned from a want of Clerks and a proper person to conduct so important a trust.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0093", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 21 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nPhilada. Augt. 21. 1794.\nSir,\nThe Secretary of War contemplated the sending about this time two months pay to the troops & mounted volunteers under General Scott. A law directs that the payments to the troops may be so regulated as that there shall be at no time in arrears more than two months pay. The requisite Treasury arrangements are made & every thing is ready for making the contemplated remittance to the army. But a question (adverted to by the Secretary at War before he left this) presses\u2014shall the sending of the money be hazarded, under the actual circumstances of the Western Counties of Pennsylvania? This question involves not only the possible evil of the loss of the money, but that of throwing a pecuniary aid into the hands of the Insurgents. It is true that the money will be almost wholly in Bank Post Notes in favor of the Pay Master Mr Swan, and requiring, to be negotiable, his indorsement. Yet if taken, and the parties are bold enough to put his name upon them, they may possibly give them circulation & turn them to account. On the other hand if no use is made of them, if they are not recovered, difficulties may arise with the Bank. They will have paid the Warrant in bank notes, obtained a credit for it, & their notes will be outstanding.\nIn this situation there is no doubt that the public interest recommends a suspension of the remittance. But delay will risk a non compliance with the law, the remittances heretofore only extending to the end of July. To take the one or other kind of responsibility on me in a case which respects another Department, without first consulting you, not appearing either prudent or required by the situation, I have concluded to trouble you with the subject & ask your direction or opinion.\nWith perfect respect \u2003 I have the honor to be &c.\nAlexander Hamilton\nP.S. If money is sent immediately it may suffice to confine it to one months pay for the troops. Can the idea of a circuitous route be embraced with advantage?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0094", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 21 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia] Augt. 21. 1794\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to The President. The letter written to the President on the 16. respecting the publication of the Report of the 5. was written at the Secry. of State\u2019s Office, where Mr H. expected a copy of it had been taken previous to its delivery. But when Mr. H. sent to enquire for a copy in order to the publication of it, he found none had been taken\u2014which, it being then too late to obtain a copy in time from the President, left him the dilemma, either of suffering the Report to go out without the letters, or to draft one as a substitute for that which had been sent. The latter appeared to him to be most likely to be agreeable to the President, & he drew one accordingly a copy of which appears in Dunlap\u2019s paper of today, corresponding with the enclosed original, which the President will find perfectly the same in substance with the former.\nAnother circumstance may require explanation. The letters follow, instead of preceding the Report. This happened from the report having been immediately sent to promote dispatch, & the President\u2019s answer not having been received \u2019till the day following, so that it went to the printer too late for insertion in the first instance without too great a derangement of his types.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0095", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [21 August 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Germantown, Pennsylvania, August 21, 1794]\nSir,\nTo your note of this date (in behalf of the Department of War) asking my opinion or direction respecting the advisability of sending (under the existing circumstances of the western counties of Pennsylvania) two months pay to the army under the immediate orders of General Wayne, I answer, that under my present impressions the measure had better be delayed\u2014at least until the Commissioners who were sent into those counties, make their report. It certainly would from all the information that has been received from that quarter be too hazardous to send a sum of money by the way of Pittsburgh, thro\u2019 counties that are in open rebellion; & besides the circuitousness of the route through what is called the Wilderness, & the length of time required to send it by a messenger that way, there would be, in my opinion, no small risk in the attempt. But as I shall be in the City tomorrow, I will converse with you on this subject.\nGerman town 21 Augt. 1794.\nGo Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0096", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Bradford, 22 August 1794\nFrom: Bradford, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Pittsburgh, August 22, 1794. On August 23, 1794, Bradford wrote to Hamilton: \u201cYesterday I wrote to you.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0097", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Purviance, 22 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Purviance, Robert\nTreasury Department August 22d 1794\nSir,\nI am to acknowledge the Receipt of your Letter of the 19th Instant, with the inclosures therein mentioned, excepting the Copy of the letter from the Grand Jury to you.\nI am pleased with your compliance with the request of the Grand Jury as to Stationing the Cutter and I shall be so with every other practicable co-operation on the part of the Custom House in a case, in which consideration of public policy and humanity so eminently coincide. But as it cannot be forseen how long the occasion for precautions of this sort may continue, and as the establishments connected with the Custom House, cannot durably be diverted from their destination, it will be right to observe to the proper persons, that your cooperation can only be for a moderate period of time and that if there is a probability that the necessity for such precautions may be prolonged, it will be requisite that a substitute should be thought of.\nI am with consideration Sir. \u2003 Your most obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nRobert Purviance EsquireCollector of Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0098", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Purviance, 22 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Purviance, Robert\nTreasury DepartmentAugust 22d. 1794\nSir\nIt has been represented to me that notwithstanding the Law prohibiting the exportation of arms and military stores from the United States that business goes on from the Port of Baltimore with nearly as little restraint as if there were no such law.\nI cannot credit this information as it would imply so culpable a negligence in the Officers of the Customs\u2014yet it comes to me with a degree of positiveness that I cannot disregard it, and am perplexed what to think.\nI request to hear speedily & explicitly from you on this head, and I must urge that it is expected the Officers of the Customs will increase their vigilence to discover and prevent the practice, if it exists. Could it be possible to suppose that any officer of the United States would wink at such a breach of the Laws, from whatever motive, I should think it my duty to observe that the discovery of such a delinquency would be deemed and treated as inexcuseable.\nWith great consideration & Esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obedient Servt.\nAlexander Hamilton\nP.S. It has also been mentioned to me that there are Vessels equipping themselves in the Port as for Armed Vessels. What can this mean?\nThe Collector of Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0099", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Rawle, 22 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Rawle, William\nTreasury Department August 22d 1794\nSir\nI am to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 14th Instant in reply to my letter to you of the 17th of July last on the subject of the bad quality of the Hats and Shoes furnished for the use of the Army for 1793.\nAs in the event of instituting suits against the Contractors, it will be adviseable to go upon sure grounds. I have thought it proper to inform you, that the Inspectors under whose inspection the cloathing was received, were persons appointed by the public. I shall submit it therefore to you to determine how far this circumstance could operate in exoneration of the Contractors.\nI am with great consideration \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nWilliam Rawle EsquireAttorney for the District of Pennsylvania", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0100", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Bradford, 23 August 1794\nFrom: Bradford, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPittsburgh, August 23. 1794\nMy dear Sir,\nYesterday I wrote to you pretty fully\u2014to day I have little to add beyond what is contained in the official communication.\nWhatever may be the declarations of a determination to submit, or exertions on the part of those whose indemnity depends upon a general acquiescence in the execution of the acts of Congress\u2014there seems to be a necessity for some force being stationed here, to overawe the disaffected individuals & protect the officers in the execution of their duty. This idea was perfectly agreeable to most of the Committee of Conference; but they were apprehensive that any public declarations of it, might give rise to an idea that they were stipulating for their own protection. We therefore declared it in the letter which inclosed the articles. But it deserves consideration, whether such protecting force would not be more advantageously furnished by the States, at least untill Congress can make some permanent provision for it.\nI am not sorry for the opportunity we have had of terrifying the Ohio-men by discovering a disposition to leave them out. They were individually the principal leaders of the opposition: & it is said have been the authors of some outrages on the Collector there. I hope the State of Virginia will take some measures with them that may tend to suppress this spirit. If we have a conference with them, the first preliminary of our recommendation shall be that they will not interfere in any future consultations respecting our propositions to the Pennsylvanians. We shall also take measures to secure the restoration of bonds taken from the Collector, by some of these people in Ohio County.\nWe have evidently gained much ground in the three last days & if we can but inspire the moderate men with firmness & decision I hope all will be well. The more I see of this country and of the tempers of the people the more sollicitous I am that any contest with them should be avoided unless there were troops who could be kept in the field longer and act with more energy than the militia.\nI forgot to enclose in my letter of yesterday the handbill I mentioned, & send it to you now.\nI regret the death of poor Higgonson\u2014but am exceeding pleased with the prospects that Mr Jay seems to have. The opinion, that we are likely to be at peace with the British will aid us in our endeavors to restore order.\nI am my dear Sir \u2003 very truly yours\nW. Bradford\nP.S. All the precipts served by the Marshall are safe in the hands of Major Craig. I shall take the first perfectly safe conveyance to send them down, or will take them with me.\nW.B.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0101", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Gale, 23 August 1794\nFrom: Gale, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Baltimore, August 23, 1794. On August 27, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Gale: \u201cI have received your letter of the 23d. instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0102", "content": "Title: Tully No. I, [23 August 1794]\nFrom: \u201cTully\u201d,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, August 23, 1794]\nFor the American Daily Advertiser.\nTo the People of the United States.\nLetter I.\nIt has from the first establishment of your present constitution been predicted, that every occasion of serious embarrassment which should occur in the affairs of the government\u2014every misfortune which it should experience, whether produced from its own faults or mistakes, or from other causes, would be the signal of an attempt to overthrow it, or to lay the foundation of its overthrow, by defeating the exercise of constitutional and necessary authorities. The disturbances which have recently broken out in the western counties of Pennsylvania furnish an occasion of this sort. It remains to see whether the prediction which has been quoted, proceeded from an unfounded jealousy excited by partial differences of opinion, or was a just inference from causes inherent in the structure of our political institutions. Every virtuous man, every good citizen, and especially Every True Republican must fervently pray, that the issue may confound and not confirm so ill omened a prediction.\nYour firm attachment to the government you have established cannot be doubted.\nIf a proof of this were wanting to animate the confidence of your public agents, it would be sufficient to remark, that as often as any attempt to counteract its measures appear, it is carefully prepared by strong professions of friendship to the government, and disavowals of any intention to injure it. This can only result from a conviction, that the government carries with it your affections; and that an attack upon it to be successful, must veil the stroke under appearances of good will.\nIt is therefore very important that You should clearly discern in the present instance, the shape in which a design of turning the existing insurrection to the prejudice of the government would naturally assume. Thus guarded, you will more readily discover and more easily shun the artful snare which may be laid to entangle your feelings and your judgment, and will be the less apt to be misled from the path by which alone you can give security and permanency to the blessings you enjoy, and can avoid the incalculable mischiefs incident to a subversion of the just and necessary authority of the laws.\nThe design alluded to, if it shall be entertained, would not appear in an open justification of the principles or conduct of the insurgents, or in a direct dissuasion from the support of the government. These methods would produce general indignation and defeat the object. It is too absurd and shocking a position to be directly maintained, that forcible resistance by a sixtieth part of the community to the representative will of the Whole, and its constitutional laws expressed by that will, and acquiesced in by the people at large, is justifiable or even excusable. It is a position too untenable and disgustful to be directly advocated\u2014that the government ought not be supported in exertions to establish the authority of the laws against a resistance so incapable of justification or excuse.\nThe adversaries of good order in every country have too great a share of cunning, too exact a knowledge of the human heart, to pursue so unpromising a cause. Those among us would take upon the present occasion one far more artful, and consequently far more dangerous.\nThey would unite with good citizens, and perhaps be among the loudest in condemning the disorderly conduct of the insurgents. They would agree that it is utterly unjustifiable, contrary to the vital principle of republican government, and of the most dangerous tendency\u2014But they would, at the same time, slily add, that excise laws are pernicious things, very hostile to liberty, (or perhaps they might more smoothly lament that the government had been imprudent enough to pass laws so contrary to the genius of a free people) and they would still more cautiously hint that it is enough for those who disapprove of such laws to submit to them\u2014too much to expect their aid in enforcing them upon others. They would be apt to intimate further, that there is reason to believe that the Executive has been to blame, sometimes by too much forbearance, encouraging the hope that laws would not be enforced, at other times in provoking violence by severe and irritating measures; and they would generally remark, with an affectation of moderation and prudence, that the case is to be lamented, but difficult to be remedied; that a trial of force would be delicate and dangerous; that there is no forseeing how or where it would end; that it is perhaps better to temporize, and by mild means to allay the ferment and afterwards to remove the cause by repealing the exceptionable laws. They would probably also propose, by anticipation of and in concert with the views of the insurgents, plans of procrastination. They would say, if force must finally be resorted to let it not be till after Congress have been consulted, who, if they think fit to persist in continuing the laws, can make additional provisions for enforcing their execution. This too, they would argue, will afford an opportunity for the public sense to be better known, which (if ascertained to be in favor of the laws) will give the government a greater assurance of success in measures of coercion.\nBy these means, artfully calculated to divert Your attention from the true question to be decided, to combat by prejudices against a particular system, a just sense of the criminality and danger of violent resistance to the laws; to oppose the suggestion of misconduct on the part of government to the fact of misconduct on the part of the insurgents; to foster the spirit of indolence and procrastination natural to the human mind, as an obstacle to the vigor and exertion which so alarming an attack upon the fundamental principles of public and private security demands; to distract Your opinion on the course proper to be pursued, and consequently on the propriety of the measures which may be pursued. They would expect (I say) by these and similar means, equally insidious and pernicious, to abate Your just indignation at the daring affront which has been offered to Your authority and Your zeal for the maintenance and support of the laws to prevent a competent force, if force is finally called forth, from complying with the call\u2014and thus to leave the government of the Union in the prostrate condition of seeing the laws trampled under foot by an unprincipled combination of a small portion of the community, habitually disobedient to laws, and itself destitute of the necessary aid for vindicating their authority.\nVirtuous and enlightened citizens of a now happy country! ye could not be the dupes of artifices so detestable, of a scheme so fatal; ye cannot be insensible to the destructive consequences with which it would be pregnant; ye cannot but remember that the government is Your Own work\u2014that those who administer it are but your temporary agents; that You are called upon not to support their power, But Your Own Power. And you will not fail to do what your rights, your best interests, your character as a people, your security as members of society conspire to demand of you.\nTully", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0103", "content": "Title: Minutes of a Meeting Concerning the Insurrection in Western Pennsylvania, [24 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Washington, George,Randolph, Edmund\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, August 24, 1794]\nAt a Meeting at the Presidents House\nCity of Philadelphia Aug 24. 1794\nPresent\nThe President of The United States.\nThe Secretary of State\nThe Secretary of the Treasury.\nThe President proposed for the opinion and advice of The Secretary of State & the Secretary of the Treasury the following questions.\n1 \u2003 Shall orders issue for the immediate convening of the whole or any part of the Militia ordered to hold themselves in readiness to be called forth for suppressing the Insurrection in the Western parts of Pensylvania?\nAnswer\nIt appears adviseable to send immediate orders to the Governor of Virginia to assemble those of that State\u2014recommending to him not to issue his public orders for the purpose \u2019till the first of September.\nQuestion 2 \u2003 Shall an additional number of Militia be called for?\nAnswer\nIt appears adviseable to call for a further number sufficient to complete the whole to fifteen thousand non Commissioned Officers and privates. That of these fifteen hundred be called for from Virginia and that in the call for the purpose it be suggested to the Governor as eligible to endeavour to obtain as many riflemen as may be practicable under Major General Morgan and as near the scene of action as they can be had. Five hundred to Maryland with a like intimation as to Riflemen and five hundred to New Jersey.\nQuestion 3 \u2003 What will be the proper places and time of rendezvous?\nAnswer\nThe place of general rendezvous to be\u2014For New Jersey, Carlisle; for Pensylvania Carlisle & Chambersburgh. These to have reference to Bedford as an interior point. For Maryland; Williamsport and such other place more Westerly as the Governor of Maryland may deem adviseable for the more western Militia of that State. For Virginia; Winchester & the vicinity of Old Fort Pleasant with such other place as The Governor of Virginia may think eligible for the Militia of that State lying beyond the Alleghany. These places (except the one which shall be appointed by the Governor of Virginia for the Militia beyond the Alleghany) in Maryland & Virginia to have reference to Fort Cumberland as an ulterior point. The supplies to be directed towards the points of rendezvous and the Governors to be left at liberty to make duration for local convenience having regard to the places of supply. The time to be aimed at for reaching the ulterior points Bedford & Cumberland to be the first of October.\nQuestion 4th \u2003 What communication shall be made to The Commissioners in answer to their letter of the 17th instant?\nAnswer\nThe Commissioners to be informed of what further has been done with regard to the Militia\u2014and to be advised explicitly to remain in that Country till after the proposed Meeting of the 2d. of September and also to be advised to continue there as much longer as may in their opinion promise any public utility & be consistent with their personal safety not exceeding the last of September, as their stay beyond that day can not be supposed necessary for the beneficial purpose of their Meeting and can only be prolonged by a plea of delay on the part of the Insurgents\u2014to instruct them to announce with frankness and explicitness the determination of the Executive Government to exert all the means with which it is invested to produce a compliance with the laws\u2014to encourage the well-disposed to cooperate in their support under a full assurance of the decision & perseverance of the Government; acting under the Conviction that the question concerns the very being of Government of law and order\u2014& to communicate the substance of the information received with regard to the disposition of the Citizens to cooperate effectually with the Government.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0104", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edward Carrington, 25 August 1794\nFrom: Carrington, Edward\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nRichmond Aug. 25. 1794\nMy dear Sir\nYou have upon sundry occasions done me the favor to request my opinions upon the public Sentiment in Virginia. Conceiving that there can never have been an occurrence giving you greater anxiety than the present Insurgency in the Western parts of Pensylvania, or upon which a knowledge of the public opinions and dispositions here could be more interesting, I anticipate your request, and proceed to give you that information in which I feel myself confident. Virginia will do her duty. The requisition of the President, and as many more as he shall find it necessary to make, will be complied with, with alacrity. It is a case which goes home to the people themselves; and they will act according to their own principles\u2014it is not one of those cases in which they remain silent while Democratic societies, British debtors & other Factions presume to declare, in Resolutions & Toasts, opinions for them. The great Body of the People of Virginia are independant planters & Farmers, much attached to liberty, property, and domestic happiness, & busy themselves but little about public concerns, unless they feel that these blessings are brought into danger. Hence it is, that factious Men, for a time, succeed in giving a complection to the conduct of the country, very different from the real temper of the People; and this is a misfortune under which Virginia has been placed for several years. Virtuous Men have been cried down under a ding of Monarchy, Aristocracy, british influence, & French Republicanism, terms to which no rational significations have been applied, because they have seriously recollected that we had a Country & government of our own, and, in Congress & elswhere, voted to preserve and prosper them. These clamors have been set up & propagated with a degree of industry which none have, with equal zeal, opposed. Investigations for the truth have been beyond the reach of the Multitude, which has of course gone with the clamor. But the people of Virginia mean to be right when they can be in possession of the truth. The Insurgency is a case in which the truth cannot be veiled. The great Body of our Country know that the government they have chosen for themselves is a republican one, to be directed by a Majority; and when a Minority openly resists the Laws passed by a Majority, and thus counteracts the most essential principle of republicanism, the truth stands too fully exposed to be perverted. Pretended republicans are compelled to support the government, or to exhibit themselves in their true character of Anarchists. Taking the first turn they may not do us much good, but taking the latter, they lose their power of doing evil. These are my reflections on the subject, and the accounts received from the different parts of the State assure me that the real state of the opinions & conduct of the Country, are in concord with them.\nI hope & trust that a radical extirpation will be effected in the instance. A patched up reconciliation will only leave the embers of sedition to be rekindled with greater violence at a future day. There must be a compleat conquest and serious examples of the leaders in the business.\nI am with great regard \u2003 yr. Freind & st.\nE. Carrington\nShould you be of opinion that a publication without names, of this letter, or any part, will be of service, you have my consent thereto.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0105", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Isaac Craig, 25 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Craig, Isaac\nWar Department August 25th 1794\nSir,\nYour letter of the 17th Instant to the Secretary at War has been received and duly attended to.\nThe suggestions respecting additional measures of defence have been considered, but the danger of the means falling into the hands of the insurgents, appears at present an objection.\nIt is hoped that every thing at Pittsburgh or which shall come there, not necessary for the Post itself, has been forwarded down the river & will continue to be so as long & as fast as it can be done with safety.\nThe friends of Government at Pittsburgh ought to rally their confidence and if necessary manifest it by Acts. They cannot surely doubt the power of the U. States to uphold the authority of the laws, and they may be assured that the necessity of doing it towards preserving the very existence of Government so directly attacked will dictate & produce a most rigorous and persevering effort; in which the known good sense and love of order of the quiet body of the people and all the information hitherto received of their sentiments & feelings with regard to the present emergency, authorise a full expectation of their hearty cooperation\u2014with esteem\nI am \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your Most Obedient Servant\nAlexander Hamiltonfor the Secy at War\nIsaac Craig EsquireD Q M G", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0106", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 25 August 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNewport [Rhode Island] August 25, 1794. \u201cYour letter of the 13th. of this month expressing that great Inconveniences have arisen from my discontinuing to endorse the name of my office on my letters as heretofore directed surprized me very much. Whatever interruption, or omission of that kind has taken place must have been occasioned by a hurry of business, not an intention to forbear a compliance with your direction.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0107", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Samuel Hodgdon, 25 August 1794\nFrom: Hodgdon, Samuel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, August 25, 1794. On August 25, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Hodgdon and referred to \u201cyour letter to me of this date.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0108", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 25 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\nTreasury Department, August 25, 1794. \u201cI have to request, that you will purchase for the use of the Quarter Masters Department, the horses with their necessary trappings, to be employed as Post Horses and to be stationed at the several places, mentioned in your letter to me of this date.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0109", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 25 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\nWar Department, August 25, 1794. \u201cIt is expected, that there will be shortly assembled at Williamsport in Maryland a body of 2850 Militia and at and near Winchester in Virginia a body of 4800 Militia. It is of the most urgent importance that you should forward without delay to those places respectively all sorts of Military Stores and tents and other Camp Equipage proportioned to the number to be assembled at each.\u2026 The articles ought to arrive at their destination by the 20th. of September at furthest.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0113", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 25 August 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCustom House,Providence 25th. August 1794.\nSir.\nI was much hurt by your Letter of the 13th. instant, until it occurred to me that it might, by mistake, have been misdirected; which I am persuaded must have been the case: For on every official Letter from this Office, addressed to \u201cthe Secretary of the Treasury,\u201d since the receipt of your circular directions of the 10th. of May 1792 (excepting Two or Three in that Year, omitted thro forgetfulness) have been invariably endorsed the name of \u201cmy Office, and the Place where it is kept.\u201d\nAs a Servant of the Public, it is my Intention to \u201cconform to all the regulations\u201d prescribed by my Superiors, with such promptitude, as not to merit the censure of want of \u201cpunctuality.\u201d Among the great variety of Instructions from the Treasury, some one may slip my Memory; and I beg of you to believe Sir, that the omission of any will not be intentional.\nI have the Honor to be, \u2003 Very respectfully, Sir, \u2003 Your Most Obedt. & Hume. Servant\nJereh. Olney Collr.\nA. Hamilton Esquire,Secy. of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0114", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, [26 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\n[Philadelphia, August 26, 1794]\nMr. Hamilton requests Mr. Hodgsdon to have ready an express to go tomorrow Morning to cumberland County in this State.\nTuesday. Aug 26", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0115", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Robert Purviance, 26 August 1794\nFrom: Purviance, Robert\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBaltimore, August 26, 1794. Encloses \u201cthe report of Joseph Farland, Master of the Schooner Martha.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0116", "content": "Title: Tully No. II, [26 August 1794]\nFrom: \u201cTully\u201d,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, August 26, 1794]\nFor the American Daily Advertiser.\nTo the People of the United States.\nLetter II.\nIt has been observed that the means most likely to be employed to turn the insurrection in the western country to the detriment of the government, would be artfully calculated among other things \u201cto divert your attention from the true question to be decided.\u201d\nLet us see then what is this question. It is plainly this\u2014shall the majority govern or be governed? shall the nation rule, or be ruled? shall the general will prevail, or the will of a faction? shall there be government, or no government?\nIt is impossible to deny that this is the true, and the whole question. No art, no sophistry can involve it in the least obscurity.\nThe Constitution you have ordained for yourselves and your posterity contains this express clause, \u201cThe Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and Excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States.\u201d You have then, by a solemn and deliberate act, the most important and sacred that a nation can perform, pronounced and decreed, that your Representatives in Congress shall have power to lay Excises. You have done nothing since to reverse or impair that decree.\nYour Representatives in Congress, pursuant to the Commission derived from you, and with a full knowledge of the public exigencies have laid an excise. At three suceeding Sessions they have revised that act, and have as often, with a degree of unanimity not common, and after the best opportunities of knowing your sense, renewed their sanction to it, you have acquiesced in it, it has gone into general operation: and you have actually paid more than a million dollars on account of it.\nBut the four western counties of Pennsylvania, undertake to rejudge and reverse your decrees, you have said, \u201cThe Congress shall have power to lay Excises.\u201d They say, \u201cThe Congress shall not have this power.\u201d Or what is equivalent\u2014they shall not exercise it:\u2014for a power that may not be exercised is a nullity. Your Representatives have said, and four times repeated it, \u201can excise on distilled spirits shall be collected.\u201d They say it shall not be collected. We will punish, expel, and banish the officers who shall attempt the collection. We will do the same by every other person who shall dare to comply with your decree expressed in the Constitutional character; and with that of your Representative expressed in the Laws. The sovereignty shall not reside with you, but with us. If you presume to dispute the point by force\u2014we are ready to measure swords with you; and if unequal ourselves to the contest we will call in the aid of a foreign nation. We will league ourselves with a foreign power.\n   Note\u2014Threats of joining the British are actually thrown out\u2014how far the idea may go is not known.\nIf there is a man among us who shall affirm that the question is not what it has been stated to be\u2014who shall endeavour to perplex it, by ill timed declamations against excise laws\u2014who shall strive to paralise the efforts of the community by invectives, or insinuations against the government\u2014who shall inculcate directly, or indirectly, that force ought not to be employed to compel the Insurgents to a submission to the laws, if the pending experiment to bring them to reason (an experiment which will immortalize the moderation of the government) shall fail; such a man is not a good Citizen; such a man however he may prate and babble republicanism, is not a republican; he attempts to set up the will of a part against the will of the whole, the will of a faction, against the will of nation, the pleasure of a few against your pleasure; the violence of a lawless combination against the sacred authority of laws pronounced under your indisputable commission.\nMark such a man, if such there be. The occasion may enable you to discriminate the true from pretended Republicans; your friends from the friends of faction. \u2019Tis in vain that the latter shall attempt to conceal their pernicious principles under a crowd of odious invectives against the laws. Your answer is this: \u201cWe have already in the Constitutional act decided the point against you, and against those for whom you apologize. We have pronounced that excises may be laid and consequently that they are not as you say inconsistent with Liberty. Let our will be first obeyed and then we shall be ready to consider the reason which can be afforded to prove our judgement has been erronious: and if they convince us to cause them to be observed. We have not neglected the means of amending in a regular course the Constitutional act. And we shall know how to make our sense be respected whenever we shall discover that any part of it needs correction. But as an earnest of this, it is our intention to begin by securing obedience to our authority, from those who have been bold enough to set it at defiance. In a full respect for the laws we discern the reality of our power and the means of providing for our welfare as occasion may require; in the contempt of the laws we see the annihilation of our power; the possibility, and the danger of its being usurped by others & of the despotism of individuals succeeding to the regular authority of the nation.\u201d\nThat a fate like this may never await you, let it be deeply imprinted in your minds and handed down to your latest posterity, that there is no road to despotism more sure or more to be dreaded than that which begins at anarchy.\nTully.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0117", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Gale, 27 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Gale, George\nTreasury DepartmentAug 27. 1794\nSir\nI have received your letter of the 23d. instant.\nI expect that the next post will carry to the Governor instructions for assembling and marching the Militia with all practicable expedition. You may therefore proceed to put in motion the means for supplying them without further delay. It is understood that you will appoint the requisite Agents and settle the allowances by way of compension; doing as much by contract as the nature of the service will admit with advantage and as far as shall consist with dispatch.\nThe Governor has informed that arms and accoutrements will be furnished by the State. Artillery Military Stores tents and other Camp Equipage will go from hence to the place of general rendezvous which shall be named by The President. He has thought of Williamsport which I understand is within six miles of Hagars Town. But he will, no doubt, leave it optional to prefer Hagars Town if there shall appear to The Governor reasons for that preference. You will therefore confer with the Governor and act upon this Idea. A conductor of stores will accompany them from hence, who will be instructed to take the orders of yourself or your Agent at Hagars Town or Williamsport. An arrangement for their reception and safe keeping ought to be made.\nFrom what has been said you will perceive that provisions forage fuel & transport are the objects for which you are to provide. Whiskey of course falls under the article provisions which leaves you at liberty to consult the consideration of policy you hint at.\nThe Treasurer has been directed to remit you for this service blank drafts for fifteen thousand Dollars which you may fill up upon the Bank of the United States & the Offices of Discount & Deposit at New York & Baltimore. These will go by the next post.\nYou speak of appointments by the Governor of Quarter Masters & Commissaries. As the service to be executed will involve a great expenditure, Characters of this description will be appointed for the whole army by this Government. The appointment of the Governor therefore need not go beyond Regimental Quarter Masters. You may notice this to him.\nThe affair of the Arms at Frederick is of the greatest importance. Nothing ought to be left to hazard. The insurgents are of an enterprising character & would make the attempt if they thought there was a prospect of success. But the practicability of execution must depend on the temper of the inhabitants and other local considerations which I here cannot appreciate. I intend to write a line by this post to the Governor on the subject.\nWith consideration & esteem \u2003 I am sir \u2003 Your obedt ser\nGeorge Gale esqMaryland", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0119", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Abraham Hunt, 27 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hunt, Abraham\nTreasury DepartmentAug 27. 1794\nSir\nI have received your letter in answer to mine, concerning the supply of the Militia about to assemble in New Jersey. I should think what you mention for a ration at Trenton too high. It appears to me that ten Cents, for so considerable a supply in a short time, would be sufficient. If you are not willing to undertake at this rate, I will request you to conduct the business upon commission as heretofore proposed.\nBut it appears to me that a person having some general superintendence of the business of supplying the militia in the course of their march through the State may be necessary; for the contractors at Brunswick & Trenton are only to supply on the spot & some intermediate halts will be necessary for which an arrangement should be made. Besides I can never think of allowing the present contract price of the Ration at New Brunswick & if Mr Bray to whom I have written does not agree to a price which appears moderate I shall prefer purchases there also on Commission.\nIt is this kind of general direction which I wished you to undertake and for which a suitable compensation would be made according to the trouble it might occasion. In other words I want a person who will adjust with the Governor the course to be pursued and will undertake to see it executed. That the Treasury may have but one point to look to.\nI request your answer by return of Post, as I expect the Post of tomorrow will convey an instruction for the assembling of the Militia.\nWith esteem, I am Sir \u2003 Your Obedient serv\nAbraham Hunt EsquireTrenton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0120", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Kean, 27 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Kean, John\n[Philadelphia] August 27, 1794. Encloses \u201ctwo draughts of a Contract, for the Loan of One million of Dollars, agreed to be made to the United States by the Bank\u2014one of which draughts is already signed in due form by the Secretary on the part of the United States\u2014the other is intended to be executed by the President of the Bank.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0122", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 27 August 1794\nFrom: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston, August 27, 1794. \u201cI called a few days since for the settlement of a number of Bonds a collection of the money due on which had been suspended as the duties arose on goods which afterwards were exported. Many of the people come and say that they have not yet received their certificates of the landing of the Goods in a foreign port the reason of which arises from the detention the vessels have experienced in France that they are now liberated and will probably be at home in a very short time. Will their late detention in a foreign port justify a farther delay in collecting the money due on the bonds?\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0123", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [27 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, August 27, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President incloses a recommendation of persons for officers of the Revenue Cutter in South Carolina. Capt. Cochran who is now here expresses an opinion that as the person recommended for third Mate is very young, it will be adviseable to defer his appointment \u2019till some further trial of him.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0124", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, [28 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, August 28, 1794]\nMr. Hamilton requests to see Mr Coxe this Morning at his House.\nThursday Aug 28", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0125", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, [28 August 1794]\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, August 28, 1794]\nIf Mr. Hamilton has recd. the letters from & to Mr. Brackenridge Mr Coxe will thank him for them by the Bearer. It will require some part of this day & to Morrow to copy the latter.\nCol. Miller is not expected for several Days.\nThursday 7 o\u2019Clk", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0126", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Howell, Junior, 28 August 1794\nFrom: Howell, Joseph, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar Department, Accountant\u2019s Office, August 28, 1794. Encloses \u201ccopies of the Contracts for Clothing for the Year 1787, 88 & 89 which governed me in the settlement of those accounts.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0127", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Sim Lee, 28 August 1794\nFrom: Lee, Thomas Sim\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nIn Council \u2003 Annapolis \u2003 August 28th 1794.\nSir\nBy an act of the General Assembly of this State passed at their last Session, a Copy whereof is enclosed, certain arrangements are provisionally made for preventing, the Introduction of malignant contagious diseases into the Town of Baltimore. The Consent of the Legislature of the United States being necessary to the imposition and collection of the Tonnage duty contemplated by this Act as the means of its Execution, a Law was passed at the last Session of Congress by which the Operation of the above-mentioned Act of Assembly is assented to \u201cso far as to enable this State to collect a duty of one cent per Ton on all Vessels coming into the District of Baltimore from a Foreign Voyage for the purpose in the said Act intended.\u201d\nThe Act of Assembly, the operation of which is thus assented to, directs the duty to be paid to such person as may be appointed by the Governor with the advice of the Council to receive the same, and it is presumed that in virtue of these two laws a Collector appointed by us will be justified in demanding and receiving the duty imposed. But as neither the Laws of the United States nor that of this State contains any particular provision for securing or compelling the payment of the duty the demand of which is authorized; and as any person appointed by this Government for the purpose of making the collection would have considerable difficulties to encounter unless aided by the Revenue Officers of the General Government: We take the liberty of requesting, that, if nothing exceptionable is discovered in it, directions may be given to the proper officers of Revenue at Baltimore to afford their assistance to the person to be appointed by this Board so as to enable him to gratify the views of the Laws before alluded to in securing and enforcing the said duty.\nWe beg leave also to point out to you the request of our General Assembly contained in the 8th Section of the enclosed Act, and to solicit as speedy and effectual a compliance as possible both with their requisition and ours as the establishments to which they have reference cannot with propriety be longer delayed.\nWe have the honor to be with respectful consideration \u2003 Sir, your most obt Servt\nThos S. Lee\nThe HonorableAlexander Hamilton EsqSecretary Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0128", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 28 August 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, August 28, 1794. \u201c\u2026 it is the wish of the President of the United States, that General Miller should be sent into the counties of Pennsylvania, west of the Susquehannah, to ascertain their real temper, in case they should be called upon to quell the insurrection in the West. This idea arose from the suggestion in Mr. Bradford\u2019s private letter, and is certainly important. The office of Supervisor does not perhaps include such a duty, but the object and the fitness of the man would at least render his expences a contingent charge.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0131", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Sim Lee, 29 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Thomas Sim\nPhiladelphia August 29th. 1794\nSir\nI am directed by the President of the United States to communicate to you his desire.\nThat such part of the Militia of the State of Maryland which by a Letter from the Secretary at War of the   instant You were requested to hold in readiness, as may have been allotted by you to the Eastern Shore of the State, may be assembled and marched without delay to the Town of Baltimore, there to receive further orders. The detachments from the other parts of the State will wait for future direction.\nFrom the nature of the co-operation intended, Williamsport has appeared an eligible place of general Rendezvous for the Militia of Maryland. But if there are any reasons of weight which lead to a preference of Hagers Town the difference is not considered here as material.\nIf the local situation of any of the Militia called for shall require a more Westerly rendezvous, it is with your Excellency to appoint it as well as any other place or places of particular Rendezvous in the way to the general ones which may appear expedient.\nThe intention is to send to Williamsport or Hagars Town, as the one or the other shall be preferred by you, the Artillery, Ammunition, Tents and other Camp equipage and whatsoever else is necessary to go from hence. If an alteration in this plan should appear to you adviseable it is requested that it may be notified without delay. Your orders for assembling the Militia cannot well issue before the first of September. For particular reasons it is wished that they may be dated on that day.\nGeorge Gale Esquire has been requested to undertake the arrangement for all supplies both in the Quarter Master & Commissary lines; and for that purpose to confer with you.\nYour Excellency will oblige by advising frequently of the progress of the operation and of any thing which may occur requiring attention here.\nWith great respect & Esteem \u2003 I have the Honor to be \u2003 Your Excellencys \u2003 Most Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nHis ExcellencyThom S Lee Esqr.Governor of Maryland", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0132", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Sim Lee, 29 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Thomas Sim\nPhilad Aug 29. 1794\nDear Sir\nWe have received by the last Pittsburgh Mail advices which give a hope that the disturbances there may terminate without bloodshed. Yet the symptoms thus far are too equivocal to be relied upon and may be a mere trick to produce a relaxation of efforts. Hence the President has concluded to proceed as if they might prove fallacious. I thought this hint might not be unacceptable to you.\nIt is very important in its example & consequences that even if the Militia are not [to] be used a zeal for the support of Government should appear amongst them. It may save the necessity of using force now & at future periods.\nWith great respect & esteem \u2003 I have the honor to be Dr Sir \u2003 Your obed ser\nA Hamilton\nHis Exellency Governor LeeMaryland.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0135", "content": "Title: Note on the Funding System, [August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, August, 1794]\nThe funding system (says a correspondent) as much abused, as if it were criminal in a Government to provide for the payment of the Debts of a Nation or as if it had created the debt for which it but provides, has not only produced all the advantageous effects which were promised from it (that is) contributed, by an increase of active or negotiable capital, to extend commerce and industry in every branch and to raise the value of lands, but it is at this moment promoting a very important advantage of another sort which was not predicted, namely the transfer to this Country of foreigners of property with their property. Every body knows that the difficulty of transferring property from one country to another without loss or risk of loss is not among the least of the impediments to emigration. But the funds of the U States, which have been carried to Europe, obviate this difficulty, and offer at once a mode of investment and transfer altogether convenient and even profitable; a circumstance which it is known has had its influence and is likely to have still greater. Thus the U States receive a double compensation for their funds by the first price which was given for them, and by their return with the additional advantage of an acquisition of citizens who come to this country from a mode of thinking congenial with our political establishments. Those who think accessions of Capital to a young Country, which has more to improve, than capital for improvement, beneficial, will not undervalue the advantage which has been mentioned. At any rate, they will see in it a diminution of what has been supposed by some as evil, the transfer of our funds to foreigners.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0136", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, August, 1794]\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President. He sent yesterday for the papers necessary to furnish the particular instances of misconduct in certain officers of Pennsylvania, but on examination they prove not to be the right ones. There is probably not time to correct the error today; but the President may mention the circumstance to the Governor & inform him that he will direct me to communicate particulars.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0137", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Bray, 1 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Bray, John\n[Philadelphia, September 1, 1794. On February 1, 1795, Bray presented to the Treasury Department his \u201cAccount with the United States\u201d for \u201cprovisions and forage furnished various parties of the division of the New Jersey Militia \u2026 pursuant to instructions from the Secretary of the Treasury as contained in his letter of the 1st Septr 1794.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0138", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, [1\u20132 September 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, September 1\u20132, 1794]\nMr. Hamilton requests Mr. Coxe to examine the Draft herewith sent\u2014to make the parts which are taken from Mr. Coxe\u2019s report such as the examination he was to make shall render correct\u2014to note whether the inquiry of Mr. Dallas ought to make any alteration in what is said about prosecutions for offences in the last paragraph but one\u2014& to ascertain whether Col Nevill has any scruples about what is stated on his authority.\nThe business is urgent & ought not to be delayed more than is unavoidable.\nAH", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0139", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 1 September 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCollector\u2019s Offe. Port of Newport [Rhode Island]Sept. 1st. 1794\nSir,\nI am informed that a Statemt. of the Case of James Smith master and owner of the Schooner Fox of and from Halifax in Nova Scotia burthen about 18 tons will by direction of the District Judge be transmitted to you by this Post.\nThe Schooner Fox arrived at Bristol in this District on the 9th. day of the last month about eight or nine o\u2019clock in the morng. without any Cargo. On the same day the master purchased and took on board a quanty. of Onions and Apples. By some mismanagement the Vessel oversat, sank, and the goods floated out of her and were lost. He did not report to the Surveyor of the Port in twenty four hours, nor at the Custom House until Seventy two hours after his arrival at Bristol. Whether this neglect, and this delay was occasioned in the manner represented in his petition I cannot say, nor whether he inquired for the Custom house and received the information therein mentioned. It appeared to the District Atty. and to me that he is a person of small property, that he had offered to sell his Schooner after she had sunk for one hundred Dollars, and that he would not be able to procure bail and must go to Gaol if he were prosecuted, the District Atty. therefore advised that he should apply to you and deposit his vessel as a pledge to abide your determination. He readily consented to this measure, and as he is at expence here, which I believe he can illy sustain, he earnestly wishes that you would be pleased to decide upon his case as soon as you can make it convenient.\nI am with great Consideration \u2003 Sir, Yr. most obedt. servant\nWm. Ellery Colle\nAlexr Hamilton EsqrSecry of the Treasy", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0140", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 1 September 1794\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTriplicate Orig: Per Br. Harriot Holland Dupl. Pr. Br.Union Leader to New York\nAmsterdam 1 September 1794.\nSir!\nWe had the pleasure to address you our last respects the 18th ultimo since when We have not received any of your esteemed favors.\nWith satisfaction do We announce to you, the delivery of all the Bonds of the Loan of Three Millions of Florins dated the 1 January 1794.\nInclosed you have the Account Current of the United States with us up to this day, the Balance whereon due by us Holland Currency f 972,676.12. 8 We transfer to their Credit in a new Account.\nNo further news yet arrived from Copenhagen. We shall therefore write again and press all possible the purchase of the salpetre You ordered.\nWith great regard and esteem We are \u2003 Sir! \u2003 Your most obed. hb. servants\nWilhem & Jan WillinkN & J. Van Staphorst & Hubbard\nBonds of the U: S: at\n5 percent.\nDo.\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr. Secretary of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0141", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from \u2014\u2014\u2014, 2 September 1794\nFrom: \nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nYork County, Virginia, September 2, 1794. \u201cAs diffidence, distant modesty, and great Secrecy, hinders me from avowing myself, and not having the Honour of Knowing you, with a wish of gratitude to serve your cabinet, and if necessary to aid your field, in a Country, which I have had both experience in and friendship from, occasions now, that doubtfulness, which a surety of my intentions being received, would counteract & prevent; from & under these impressions, I trust, my signature being absent, will be readily excused. The resources of this Country being manifold and efficient\u2014The view is to point out the elegibility and necessity of improving the Public Taxes, from these resources, with the smallest ease, and least appearance of Burthen: a number of new Laws, their utility &c\u2014A Seine Tax, propriety of\u2014Lottery Tax\u2014Mile Tax, Stamp Tax on Receipts\u2014Bonds, Mortgages &c\u2014moderate\u2014it will answer; and it may be observed, that what has been unpopular at one time, may yet meet the opinion of the public at another.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0143", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 2 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\n[Philadelphia] September 2, 1794. Requests \u201can Inventory of intrenching tools to be procured for the Militia force destined against the insurgents if it should become necessary to march them formed upon a moderate scale with an estimate of the probable Cost.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0144", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Lee, 2 September 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNorfolk [Virginia] 2d. Sept. 94\ndear Hamilton.\nI am extremely chagrined on finding from your private letter accompanying your public letter that the intended secrecy is entirely baffled as it respected the call on me to take care of the insurgents.\nBeing absent from Richmond on a visit to the forts at Norfolk, the public letr. was opened by the Lt. Govenor & there being no injunction of secrecy on it, The purport was divulged without ceremony & before I received my letters the report reached me of my late appointment.\nI do not believe that any thing but good will result from this accident in this state for I am persuaded it will accelerate the readiness of the troops & I am confident G. Morgan will prefer me to any other\u2014nor can he consider his former relative claim slighted in as much as he is in the habit of obeying me as commander in chief of the militia, in which character I shall act if sad necessity so decrees. However knowing his value & anxious to prevent any disturbance of harmony I wrote yesterday to him in terms suitable for the object I contemplated, & I hope my letr. will have its designed effect.\nWhen I return to Richmond which will be very soon, I will see Carrington.\nI love him dearly & should prefer him to any other in the character you suggest. But you ought to weigh well the objection you mention, for such is the temper of the people & such the eventful crisis that no measure however wise ought to be adopted which furnishes fuel for the discontentist political declaimers in which the U S abound.\nThe honor you propose as possible I receive with every respect due to your goodness & friendship & I well know the extensive good I should derive from your wisdom zeal & sincerity but really when you talk of acting in a station so inferior, you add to the awkwardness of my feelings which I assure you are too much so already for that tranquillity of mind indispensible for the conducting of business great & difficult\u2014a good adjutant general may secure & save Mifflins feelings.\nGod bless you:\nH: Lee", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0145", "content": "Title: Tully No. IV, [2 September 1794]\nFrom: \u201cTully\u201d,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, September 2, 1794]\nFor the American Daily Advertiser.\nTo the People of the United States\nLetter IV.\nThe prediction mentioned in my first letter begins to be fulfilled. Fresh symptoms every moment appear of a dark conspiracy, hostile to your government, to your peace abroad, to your tranquility at home. One of its orators dares to prostitute the name of Franklin, by annexing it to a publication as insidious as it is incendiary. Aware of the folly and the danger of a direct advocation of the cause of the Insurgents, he makes the impudent attempt to inlist your passions in their favour\u2014by false and virulent railings against those who have heretofore represented you in Congress. The fore ground of the piece presented you with a bitter invective against that wise, moderate, and pacific policy, which in all probability will rescue you from the calamities of a foreign war, with an increase of true dignity and with additional lustre to the American name and character. Your Representatives are delineated as corrupt pusylanimous and unworthy of your confidence; because they did not plunge headlong into measures which might have rendered war inevitable; because they contented themselves with preparing for it, instead of making it, leaving the path open to the Executive for one last and solemn effort of negociation\u2014because they did not display either the promptness of gladiators, or the blustering of bullies\u2014but assumed that firm, yet temperate attitude which alone is suited to the Representatives of a brave, but rational People\u2014who deprecated war, tho\u2019 they did not fear it\u2014and who have a great and solid interest in peace which ought only to be abandoned when it is unequivocally ascertained that the sacrifice is absolutely due to the vindication of their honor and the preservation of their essential rights\u2014because in fine, your Representatives wished to give an example to the world that the boasted moderation of republican governments was not (like the patriotism of our political barkers) an empty declamation, but a precious reality.\nThe sallies of a momentary sensibility, roused and stung by injury were excusable. It was not wonderful that the events of war, were under the first impressions heard from good, and even prudent men. But to revive them at this late hour, when fact and reflection unite to condemn them; to arraign a conduct which has elevated the national character to the highest point of true glory\u2014to hope to embark you in the condemnation of that conduct, and to make your indignation against it useful to the cause of Insurrection and Treason, are indications of a wrong-headedness, perverseness, or profligacy, for which it is not easy to find terms of adequate reprobation.\nHappily the plotters of mischief know ye not. They derive what they mistake for your image, from an original in their own heated and crooked imaginations and they hope to mould a wise, reflecting and dispassionate people, to purposes which presuppose an ignorant unthinking and turbulent herd.\nBut the declamations against your Representatives for their love of peace is but the preface to the main design. That design is to alienate you from the support of the laws by the spectre of an \u201codious excise system, baneful to Liberty, engendered by corruption and nurtured by the Instrumentality (favoured word, fruitful source of mountebank wit) of the enemies of Freedom.\u201d To urge the execution of that system would manifest it is said an intemperate spirit; and to excite your disapprobation of that course, you are threatened with the danger of a civil war, which is called the consummation of human evil.\nTo crown the outrage upon your understandings; the Insurgents are represented as men who understand the principles of freedom & know the horrors and distresses of anarchy, and who therefore must have been tempted to hostility against the laws by a Radical Defect Either in the government, or in those entrusted with its administration. How thin the partition which divides the insinuation from the assertion, that the government is in fault, and the insurgents in the right.\nFellow-Citizens; a name, a sound has too often had influence on the affairs of nations; an Excise has too long been the successful watch-word of party. It has even sometimes led astray well meaning men. The experiment is now to be tried, whether there be any spell in it of sufficient force to unnerve the arm which it may be found necessary to raise in defence of law and order.\nThe jinglers who endeavor to cheat us with the sound, have never dared to venture into the fair field of argument. They are conscious that it is easier to declaim than to reason on the subject. They know it to be better to play a game with the passions and prejudices than to engage seriously with the understanding of the auditory.\nYou have already seen, that the merits of excise Laws are immaterial to the question to be decided\u2014that you have prejudged the point by a solemn constitutional act, and that until you shall have revoked or modified that act, resistance to its operation is a criminal infraction of the social compact, an inversion of the fundamental principles of Republican Government, and a daring attack upon Your sovereignty, which you are bound by every motive of duty, and selfpreservation to withstand and defeat. The matter might safely be suffered to rest here; but I shall take a future opportunity to examine the reasonableness of the prejudice which is inculcated against excise laws\u2014and which has become the pretext for excesses tending to dissolve the bands of Society.\nFellow Citizens\u2014You are told, that it will be intemperate to urge the execution of the laws which are resisted\u2014what? will it be indeed intemperate in your Chief Magistrate, sworn to maintain the Constitution, charged faithfully to execute the Laws, and authorized to employ for that purpose force when the ordinary means fail\u2014will it be intemperate in him to exert that force, when the constitution and the laws are opposed by force? Can he answer it to his conscience, to you not to exert it?\nYes, it is said; because the execution of it will produce civil war, the consummation of human evil.\nFellow-Citizens\u2014Civil War is undoubtedly a great evil. It is one that every good man would wish to avoid, and will deplore if inevitable. But it is incomparably a less evil than the destruction of Government. The first brings with it serious but temporary and partial ills\u2014the last undermines the foundations of our security and happiness\u2014where should we be if it were once to grow into a maxim, that force is not to be used against the seditious combinations of parts of the community to resist the laws? This would be to give a Carte blanch to ambition\u2014to licentiousness; to foreign intrigue; to make you the prey of the gold of other nations\u2014the sport of the passions and vices of individuals among yourselves. The Hydra Anarchy would rear its head in every quarter. The goodly fabric you have established would be rent assunder, and precipitated into the dust. You knew how to encounter civil war, rather than surrender your liberty to foreign domination\u2014you will not hesitate now to brave it rather than surrender your sovereignty to the tyranny of a faction\u2014you will be as deaf to the apostles of anarchy now, as you were to the emissaries of despotism then. Your love of liberty will guide you now as it did then\u2014you know that the Power of the majority and Liberty are inseparable\u2014destroy that, and this perishes. But in truth that which can properly be called a civil war is not to be apprehended\u2014Unless, from the act of those who endeavour to fan the flame, by rendering the Government odious. A civil war is a contest between two Great parts of the same empire. The exertion of the strength of the nation to suppress resistance to its laws by a sixtieth part of itself, is not of that description.\nAfter endeavouring to alarm you with the horrors of civil war\u2014an attempt is made to excite your sympathy in favour of the armed faction by telling you that those who compose it are men, who understand the principles of freedom, and know the horrors and distresses of anarchy, and must therefore have been prompted to hostility against the laws by a radical defect Either in the government or in its administration.\nFellow Citizens! For an answer to this you have only to consult your senses. The natural consequence of radical defect in a government, or in its administration is national distress and suffering\u2014look around you\u2014where is it? do you feel it? do you see it?\nGo in quest of it beyond the Alleghaney, and instead of it, you will find that there also a scene of unparralleled prosperity upbraids the ingratitude and madness of those, who are endeavouring to cloud the bright face of our political horizon, and to mar the happiest lot that beneficent Heaven ever indulged to undeserving mortals.\nWhen you have turned your eyes towards that scene\u2014examine the men whose knowledge of the principles of freedom is so emphatically vaunted\u2014where did they get their better knowledge of those principles than that which you possess? How is it that you have been so blind or tame as to remain quiet, while they have been goaded into hostility against the laws by a Radical Defect in the government, or its administration?\nAre you willing to yield them the palm of discernment, of patriotism or of courage?\nTully.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0146", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 2 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department September 2nd. 1794\nSir,\nThe state of my health since you were pleased to refer to me the letter from Governor Mifflin of the 22 of August has been such as to delay the necessary previous examination in order to a reply\u2014and prevents now its being as full and particular as I had wished it to be.\nI premise for greater clearness that by official influence, I understand, that influence which is derived from Official situation, whether exerted directly in the line of Office, or collaterally and indirectly in other ways.\nIt will readily be concurred, that a spirit, like that which has been stated to have prevailed would frequently discover itself in forms so plausibly disguised and with so much duplicity of aspect as not to be capable of being rendered palpable by precise specification and proof. It appeared, for example, among other shapes, in observations on the exceptionable nature of the Laws tending to foment dissatisfaction with them; in recommendations of what has been called legal or constitutional opposition, in a disrespectful and disparaging demeanor towards the Officers charged with their execution and in severe strictures on what were denominated rigorous and irregular proceedings of those Officers, calculated to foster public contempt and hatred of them\u2014in ambiguous hints susceptible of different interpretations, but easily applied by the passion of those to whom they were addressed to purposes of opposition. To enter into an exhibition of these instances would require a long detail an appeal to persons now within the discontented Scene whose apprehensions would restrain them from becoming voluntarily witnesses\u2014and would after all be liable to specious controversy about their true import and nature.\nI therefore confine myself to those instances of opposition and discountenance to the Laws by persons in Office, which are unequivocal.\nAmong those who composed the meeting noticed in my report to you of the 5th. of August referred to by the Governor in his Letter\u2014which was holden on the 23 of August 1791, in the County of Washington were the following public Officers of Pennsylvania (vizt) James Marshall Register and Recorder, David Bradford Deputy to the Attorney General of the State, Henry Taylor and James Edgar Associate Judges Thomas Crooks, William Parker, Eli Jenkins, and Thomas Sedgwick Justices of the Peace and Peter Kidd a Major of the Militia.\nAmong those who composed the second meeting noticed in the same report which was holden on the second of September 1791, at Pittsburgh, were, besides James Marshall and David Bradford above mentioned\u2014the following public Officers of Pennsylvania (vizt.) Edward Cooke and Nathaniel Braden Associate Judges Nehemiah Stokely and Thomas Moreton Colonels of Militia, the last a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania John Cannon and Albert Gallatine Members of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, the former since a Justice of the peace.\nAmong those who composed the third meeting noticed in the same Report and which was holden at Pittsburgh on the 21 of August 1792, were, besides John Cannon, David Bradford, Albert Gallatine, James Marshall and Edward Cook before mentioned the following public Officers of Pennsylvania (vizt.) John Smilie Member of the State Senate, Thomas Wilson, and Samuel Giddes Colonels of the Militia William Wallace, then Sheriff now Colonel of the Militia John Hamilton Sheriff and Colonel of Militia and Basil Bowel Captain of Militia.\nIt may happen in some instances that the Offices annexed to particular names may not have been holden at the specified times of meeting. But this cannot materially affect the consequence to be drawn, as well because it is believed that the instances which may have been omitted to be noticed as very few\u2014as because the conduct of the persons concerned has continued in a uniform Tenor of opposition.\nThe circumstance has been noted in the cases in which it was known to exist. These are John Cannon and William Wallace. It is understood, that the former was appointed by the Governor a Justice of the peace in May last. The time of the appointment of the latter as a Colonel of Militia is not particularly known.\nThe evidence to which immediate reference may be made of the Agency of the foregoing persons at the meetings alluded to, maybe found in the cotemporary public Gazettes of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia which contained the proceedings at large of those meetings with the names of the persons of whom they were respectively composed. The Governor can be at no loss to obtain more legal evidence of the fact if he desire it\u2014and of the identity of the persons.\nThe following cases present other instances of opposition to the Laws by Officers of Pennsylvania. John Hamilton before mentioned Sheriff of a County and Colonel of Militia, is affirmed by Jacob Forwood and Robert Johnston Collector of the Revenue to have been one of a party who seized the said Johnson when travelling about his duty tarred and feathered him.\nCaleb Mount then a Captain since a Major of Militia stands charged before Isaac Meason and James Finley Assistant Judges by information upon Oath of Benjamin Wells Collector of the Revenue and his Wife with being of a party that broke into the House of the said Collector sometime in April 1793.\nAndrew Robb a Justice of the peace stands charged by information upon Oath before Jacob Beason another Justice of the peace with having offered a reward of Ten pounds for killing the Excise man meaning as was understood Wells the Collector. This fact is stated on the information of the said Collector.\nJames McFarlane who commanded the Rioters in the second attack upon the House of the Inspector of the Revenue on the 17th. of July last was a Major of Militia.\nDavid Hamilton a Justice of the peace was the person who previous to that attack went to the House with a summons to surrender.\nWilliam Meetkirk a Justice of the peace, Gabriel Blakney a Colonel of Militia and Absolom Beard Inspector of Brigade were three of four persons who went as a Committee from the Rioters assembled at Braddocks field on the  to demand of the Inhabitants of Pittsburgh the expulsion of Kirkpatrick, Brison and Day as friends to the Laws.\nEdward Cooke the Associate Judge already mentioned was the Chairman of a Committee at the same place, which ordered the expulsion of John Gibson and Presly Neville for the same cause.\nSatisfactory testimony of these several last mentioned facts can be had from Abraham Kirkpatrick and Presly Nevill now in this City and well known to the Governor.\nThe following cases are instances of conduct in Office denoting an unfriendly temper towards the Laws.\nJames Wells a Justice of the peace and an Associate Judge upon information of an Assault committed upon John Webster Collector of the Revenue, in the execution of his duty in an attempt to sieze some Whisky illegally distilled, told the Collector that he had never read so worthless a Law as the Revenue Law of Congress\u2014that he expected no person in the County would have been rascal enough to take a Commission under it, that if the Whisky had been siezed he would have thrown it into the road, and he was sorry the person who made the assault had not knocked down the Collector. No measures were taken to cause a redress for the Assault. This statement is made on the information of the said Webster.\nJacob Stewart and William Boyd Justices of the peace severally declined to issue process against Jacob Snyder a Distiller who was charged before them with having threatned another Distiller named Stoffer with burning of his House or some other injury, if he should enter his Still at an Office of Inspection. This statement is made on the information of Benjamin Wells the Collector, who affirms to have received it from Stoffer.\nJoseph Huston Sheriff of the County of Fayette stands indicted at a Circuit Court for having refused or declined the service of Warrants and Supp\u0153nas issued by Isaac Measan and James Finley assistant Judges of that County in the Case of the Riot which was committed at the House of a Collector of the Revenue in April 1793. This is the same with the instance mentioned in my Report.\nThe following is a case of peculiar and rather of a mixed complexion relating both to conduct in office and conduct out of Office\u2014and including in it a specimen of that species of discountenance to the Laws which I have thought it most adviseable as a general rule to forbear entering into, but which being in this instance ascertainable by the acknowledgements of the party and by respectable testimony at hand, seems proper to form an exception to that rule, which may be useful, by way of example and illustration.\nIt is mentioned in my Report, that the supervisor of the Revenue in September 1792, was sent into the refractory Counties\u2014among other things to collect evidence of the persons concerned in the Riot in Faulkners case. When at Pittsburgh, he applied by letter to Alexander Addison President of the Court of Common pleas\u2014who resided at the Town of Washington to engage his Assistance, in taking the depositions of persons who were named to him by the Supervisor as able to testify concerning infractions of the Laws, and in causing some of the best informed Witnesses to attend a Circuit Court of the United States about to be holden at York Town.\nThe Judge not content with declining an Agency in the business, in his answer to the application digresses into a Censure on the Judiciary System of the United States which he represents as impracticable, unless it be intended to sacrifice to it the essential principles of the liberty of the Citizens and the Just authority of the State Courts\u2014and afterwards declares, that were it his duty to do what was requested of him (which however he states in a manner different from what the Supervisor seems to have intended) he should do it with reluctance because he should be serving a cause which he thought unfavorable to liberty and the Just authority of the State Courts.\nWithout examining the sufficiency of the reasons which led to declining the Agency proposed to him\u2014without commenting upon the observations which seek to derive a part of the justification for it from the resentment of the people against the Laws and the danger of loosing their confidence by a compliance with what was desired of him; topics the propriety of which in the mouth of a Magistrate might well be contested it cannot admit of a doubt, that there was a great unfitness in a Judge of Pennsylvania indulging himself with gratuitous invectives against the Judiciary system of the Government of the Union:\u2014pronouncing it to be impracticable\u2014unfavorable to liberty and to the just authority of the State Courts. It is difficult to perceive in such a digression the evidence of a temper cordial to the institutions and arrangements of the United States. The particulars of this affair have been long since in possession of the Governor.\nJudge Addison in a letter, an extract from which was lately transmitted by the Governor to you acknowledges in terms that he \u201chad endeavoured to inculcate constitutional resistance\u201d to the particular Laws in question. Here is proof by his own confession that the weight of his influence was exerted against those Laws.\nIt is not easy to understand what is meant by the terms \u201cconstitutional resistance.\u201d The Theory of every constitution presupposes as a first principle that the Laws are to be obeyed. There can therefore be no such thing as a \u201cconstitutional resistance\u201d to Laws constitutionally enacted.\nThe only sense, which I have been able to trace as that intended by these terms, and the equivalent ones \u201clegal resistance\u201d \u201clegal opposition\u201d which have been frequently used by the opposers of the Laws is that every thing should be practiced to defeat the execution of the Laws short of actual violence or breach of the peace; accordingly that endeavours should be used to prevent the accepting or holding Offices under them by making it matter of popular contempt and reproach to do so and by a humiliating and insulting treatment of those who should accept or hold those Officers\u2014that non compliances with the Laws by persons having Stills should be countenanced and promoted\u2014that means of intimidation, guarded so as to escape legal animadversion, should be superadded, to discourage compliances to obstruct the establishment of Officers of Inspection and to deter from attempts to coerce delinquents, in fine that every obstacle which was supposed not to amount to an indictable Offence should be thrown in the way of the Laws.\nThe conduct of Judge Addison in particular instances as it has been represented, will perhaps afford no ill comment upon his expressions.\nBenjamin Wells Collector declares that the said Judge then attending a Session of a Circuit Court as president at a public House, in the presence of Isaac Measan an Assistant Judge expressed himself, to him Wells in strong terms of disapprobation of the Laws laying duties on spirits distilled within the United States, saying they were \u201cunjust and unequitable\u2014that the money to be raised was unnecessary and that there was no use for it\u201d\u2014and afterwards at the same place and during the same Session of the Circuit Court, sitting at dinner with a mixed company, spoke in terms of contempt of the Officers of the Inspector and Collectors of the Revenue, and of disrespect towards the Officers themselves. At the next term of the Court, Wells went to the same Tavern, but was informed by the Tavern keeper and his Wife that he could not be received there, assigning for reason that Judge Addison had declared that if they took him in again he would leave the House.\nMr. Stokely a Member of the Pennsylvania Legislature for Washington, states that Judge Addison wrote a letter or letters in opposition to his election to the Legislature, and among other objections to him mentioned his having applied for or having had an intention to obtain an Office in the Excise.\nGeneral Nevill Inspector of the Revenue mentions a circumstance of a light but of an unequivocal nature to evince the prejudices against the Revenue Officers which were manifested by Judge Addison even from the Bench. It seems that it was a practice not unfrequently for the Judges then sitting in Court to invite within the Bar such persons who came into the Hall as they deemed of respectability. Judge Addison as General Neville affirms, repeatedly since the time of the meeting at Pittsburgh in August 1792, has given such invitations openly from the Bench, to those who were supposed to be of that discription within view, omitting a similar call or invitation to that Officer though present.\nHe adds that his own son Colonel Nevill standing by his side in conversation with him has been thus invited, while the like attention was withheld from him in a manner too marked to leave any doubt of the motive.\nAs the call of the Governor is for particular cases I forbear to adduce confirmations of the prevailing spirit of Officers alluded to from their extensive non compliance with the Laws in their capacity of distillers and from the neglect to bring to Justice offenders against them who were at the same time breakers of the peace of Pennsylvania. I observe indeed on this point the Governor entertains a different impression from that which I have; but after the most diligent inquiry, I am not able to discover a single case of the punishment of any such offender. There were indeed indictments foun\u27e8d\u27e9 against persons supposed to have been concerned in the violence upon the Maniac Wilson, and against others supposed to have been concerned in an assault upon one John Corner an old man who had been unknowingly the bearer of the letters containing processes which were sent by the Deputy Marshall as stated in my Report: but it is not understood that any of these were prosecuted to Judgment. The only cases known of actual punishment are of persons concerned in forcibly carrying off certain Witnesses in the case of Wilson. But this was on a Collateral point; and the cases of indictment respected transactions where humanity had been too much outraged to leave an option and where even punishment might have been inflicted upon Ground distinct from that of suppressing opposition to the Laws. I can learn no instance of the conviction and punishment of any person for a violence committed upon Officers or private Citizens clearly on account of their Agency under a friendly disposition towards the Laws; which is the more remarkable as the Rioters in Faulkeners case are asserted to have passed in open day through the Town of Washington, to have parleyed there with Inhabitants of the Town and to have been afterwards entertained at two or three Houses.\nI have contented myself in the first instance with indicating particular cases and the sources of information without a formal exhibition of the evidence, because I could not fore see what cases in the view of the Governor would be proper for that animadversion which he seems to contemplate because considerable delay would have attended the collection of formal evidence in all the cases; and because in many of them the evidence is as accessible to the Governor as to myself: But I stand ready to afford the aid of this Department, in bringing forward testimony in any Cases in which the Governor may specifically desire it.\nWith the most perfect respect \u2003 I have the honor to be sir, \u2003 Your most obedient and humble Servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nThe President of the United States", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0147", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the President, Directors, and Company of the Bank of the United States, 3 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President, Directors, and Company of the Bank of the United States\nTreasury Department September 3d 1794\nGentlemen,\nThere being reason to apprehend that the monies belonging to the United States, in the Office of Discount and Deposit at Baltimore, may not be adequate to the urgent wants of the public, in that quarter during the present Month I have to request that you will be so obliging as to give the United States a Credit at the said Office of Discount and Deposit for Twenty Thousand dollars. The mode which I should wish to be adopted would be for you to direct the Officers of the said Bank to honor all such draughts (not exceeding the sum already mentioned) as may be drawn by the Treasurer of the United States on that institution over and above the amount of the public monies in their hands. The sums so advanced to be repaid in this place to the Bank of the United States, upon the draughts being presented at the Treasury.\nI am with great respect \u2003 Gentlemen, \u2003 Your most Obedient Servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nThe President Directorsand Company of the Bank of the United States", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0149", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 3 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n[Philadelphia, September 3, 1794. On September 5, 1794, Randolph wrote to Hamilton \u201cin answer to his letter of the 3d instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0151", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Isaac Holmes, 4 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Holmes, Isaac\nTreasury DepartmentSepr. 4. 1794\nSir\nA temporary absence from the seat of Government, an extreme press of still more urgent business since my return and ill health have conspired to delay an answer to your letter of the 30th of June last. My regret at this delay has become extreme since the receipt of your letter of the 9th of August, which shews the continuance of a most unfortunate & mischievous error\u2014contrary to what I had hoped considering the very plain tenor of the Act of Congress entitled \u201cAn Act in addition to the Act for the punishment of certain Crimes against the UStates\u201d passed the 5th of June last.\nThe construction that expressions \u201cEquipments of a doubtful nature as being applicable either to Commerce or War are deemed lawful\u201d which occur in the 4th & 5th of the rules transmitted in my letter of the 4th of Aug 1793\u2014were intended to tolerate the fitting and arming of vessels for defence or for merchandize and war is wholly erroneous, and as far as I know peculiar to Charlestown.\nIt is to the last degree embarrassing to conceive how such a construction could have been reconciled to the clear terms of the first rule which declare that \u201cThe original arming and equipping of vessels in ports of the UStates by any of the belligerent parties for military service, offensive or defensive is deemed unlawful.\u201d\nNow all arming is for military service offensive or defensive. It is for war, for combat, which is military service, to commit or to repel hostility, the first being offensive the last defensive. A letter of Marque, armed for the protection of her Merchandize, is as unequivocally a vessel armed for military service as a frigate, though the object be primarily and principally self-defence. Indeed the having or being without a commission can make no difference in the case\u2014tis the arming \u2019tis the warlike nature of an equipment that is the criterion of its destination for military service.\nI observe with surprise the idea that a Commission was deemed to be within the meaning of the word \u201cequipping\u201d in the first rule. It is repugnant to the familiar and obvious sense of the term; which includes only those things which are done to the Vessel herself as a machine, and perhaps articles of furniture & supply; but was never before (I believe) understood to comprehend a military Commission. If this had been intended, the expression would naturally have been \u201carming equipping and commissioning\u201d the stopping at the second term was a manifest exclusion of the last.\nIt follows that every thing which has been permitted under this unfortunate construction of the rules has been a contravention of them and of the Neutrality of the Ustates.\nWhat then it may be asked was intended by the terms \u201cEquipment, of a doubtful nature as being applicable either to commerce or War?\u201d I will answer by stating a case or two that occurred. A vessel had her waste board raised considerably higher than is usual & strengthened with additional timber & plank which was understood to be preparatory to the opening of Port Holes. This was considered as an equipment of a doubtful nature. \u2019Till port holes were actually opened it could not be pronounced with certainty that the object was a military one. But port holes themselves have been determined to be a military equipment, being foreign to mere navigation, and solely adapted to combat or war.\nAgain\u2014A French Privateer procured at Baltimore an extra number of oars. It was suggested, that this must have been for military service, as it was intirely unusual to have so great a number for mere navigation. The determination was that it was an equipment of a doubtful nature & therefore permitted. An oar is purely an instrument of navigation\u2014the having an extra number did not clearly alter the nature of the Equipment. There was no certain criterion by which to determine what excess should change the nature of the thing.\nBut how could it have been imagined for a moment that arms were an equipment of a doubtful nature? Their peculiar & appropriate use is war offensive or defensive. The first rule proves that defensive equipments was as much intended to be prohibited as offensive ones. It is manifest too that any difference in this particular was liable to a degree of evasion that would intirely defeat the regulations.\nI feel myself compelled to ask how it has happened, that a construction of this kind, about the justness of which doubts must certainly have been entertained, defeating in its operation the manifest intention of the Executive Government could have been adopted & so long acted upon without resorting for an explanation to this Department?\nAs to the construction which the District Attorney has given to the Act, I must acknowlege that it intirely confounds me. After what has been said, I need scarcely add that it must not govern your conduct.\nYou are to consider all arming or augmentation of force by or for any of the belligerent parties as absolutely prohibitted, & you are to act accordingly. I request too that you will communicate the substance of this letter both to the Governor & to the District Attorney.\nIt is my duty to lay before The President the correspondence to which this is a reply. His chagrin, I may anticipate, will not be less than mine.\nWith consideration \u2003 I am \u2003 sir \u2003 Your obed ser\nThe Collector of Charles Town", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0152", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Sim Lee, 4 September 1794\nFrom: Lee, Thomas Sim\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nAnnapolis Sept. 4th 1794\nSir.\nI have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated the 29th of August intimating the Presidents desire that the Eastern Shore part of the detachment of Militia required from this State should be immediately marched to Baltimore Town. I have also received and beg you to accept my thanks for your private letter of the same date. In conformity to the President\u2019s direction I have issued orders dated the 1st Instant for the assembling of the Troops at the places most convenient for their embarkation for Baltimore; and have engaged the several Brigadiers of Militia on the Eastern Shore to be active in the execution of these orders. I have likewise sent to Baltimore a number of Tents belonging to this State, sufficient for the accommodation of the men during their stay at that place and shall forward some to George Town and perhaps to Frederick Town for the use of those who in the event of further orders may be assembled at those places. Presuming that the advantage of water Carriage and possibly an early junction with the Virginia Detachment may be Contemplated in the fixing on William\u2019s Port as a point of rendezvous for the militia of this State, I think it a very proper place except as to those of Allegany and the Upper part of Washington Counties. These according to the arrangement hereto subjoined, you will perceive, I propose to assemble at Cumberland. If any objection lies against this plan I hope to receive timely information of it.\nI see no reason to propose any further alteration to the arrangements suggested, except that knapsacks, Canteens and Camp Kettles will be requisite for the Troops on their march from Baltimore and from George Town (if that place should eventually become a place of partial rendezvous) to Williams Port; and that provision should be made for the accommodation of those who may assemble in the first instance at Cumberland. Perhaps Mr Gale may have received directions on this head, if not I presume you will weigh the expediency of the measure and instruct him accordingly.\nIt remains to observe that although a disposition to condemn the Conduct of the Insurgents, and to support the Government in its measures to seduce them to a sense of duty may with great truth be ascribed generally to the people of Maryland, this disposition has hitherto produced effects very unequal at different places and at different points of time since the requisition was made. I have however no reason to doubt that it will be complied with, at least so far as respects the Infantry. I am less able to ascertain what number of Artillery and Cavalry will be obtained. From the very recent organization of our Militia the whole number now in training will not much exceed the amount of the requisition, and of these it may be supposed that a considerable portion cannot without great injury to their affairs serve in person. With respect to Cavalry in particular, which cannot be replaced by substitutes, notwithstanding a considerable shew of alacrity at the Commencement, the ultimate collection of the number required is very doubtful. This arises from Some circumstances for which it is difficult to find a remedy. It seems certain that no one Troop will furnish Volunteers sufficient for a distinct Command, of course an incorporation of persons belonging to different Troops will be requisite; and I am apprehensive that the necessity of passing under the command of new officers and of mixing with Horsemen in a great variety of Uniforms will deduct greatly from their ardour, and of course from the number to be obtained. Besides the inconveniences already stated, these Corps are hitherto but partially equipped, and in order that no means may be neglected of encouraging them to serve, I would recommend that swords and pistols for one hundred Horsemen (or as many as can be spared) be forwarded immediately to Baltimore directed to Brigadier General Smith who will Command the detachment from this State. This will destroy a ground of excuse, which otherwise would be conclusive and will I think greatly strengthen our means of Complying with the requisition.\nI am &c\nTho S Lee\nThe HonorableAlexander Hamilton EsqSecretary Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0153", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Christopher Richmond, 4 September 1794\nFrom: Richmond, Christopher\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBaltimore, September 4, 1794. \u201cThe Treasurer of the United States having on the 17th July remitted to me four Bills drawn by him on Otho H Williams Collector of this Port to be applied to the expence of fortifying the Port of Baltimore and having paid but one of them over to Samuel Dodge the Contractor of the Works, I have thought proper, in order to close the Account erected against me \u2026, to deliver over to Robert Purviance Esqr the present Collector the remaining three Bills \u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0155", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 5 September 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, September 5, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of State has the honor of informing the Secretary of the Treasury, in answer to his letter of the 3d. instant, that Mr. Higginson\u2019s papers have been withheld from the Department of State, at the desire of Mr. Ralston, who is supposed to be one of the health Committee. As soon as they are delivered, whatsoever appears respecting payments to Mr. Lemaigre shall be communicated.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0158", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, [6 September 1794]\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, September 6, 1794]\nThe Secretary of State presents his Compliments to the Secretary of the Treasury and incloses to him by direction of the President sundry letters and other papers received from Mr. Seagrove respecting the Creek nation and the Governor of Georgia. The President is anxious that the whole of this business should be reviewed and brought into one summary. For this purpose he thinks that Mr. Stagg should be directed to collect all the documents, belonging to the affairs of Georgia in her contest with the Insurgents and the Invaders of the Creek Territory. If the State of Coll Hamilton\u2019s health will not permit him to undertake the business, and he will instruct Major Stagg to bring the papers to E Randolph, he will endeavour to assist Coll. Hamilton.\nPhiladelphia, Septemr. 6th 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0159", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from David Lenox, 8 September 1794\nFrom: Lenox, David\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia Septr. 8th. 1794\nSir\nAs I find my name brought into public view respecting the transactions which have taken place to the Westward, my feelings demand that I should come forward & state facts as they respect myself, leaving it to you to make what use you may think proper of the information.\nIn the Month of May last the Attorney of the District informed me that certain process were about to be issued against persons in several of the Counties for noncompliance with the Revenue laws of the United States, it therefore became my duty to make preparation for an execution of them. As difficulties had occured on former occasions of a similar kind I came to the determination of doing the duty in person, accordingly on the 22d. day of June, I left this City and proceeded through the Counties of Cumberland Bedford & Fayette without encountering much difficulty, indeed in the County of Fayette I met many instances of personal respect & attention from some of the persons on whom I had served process. On my entering the County of Allegheny I waited on General Nevill who very kindly offered to accompany me rather than put me to the trouble of looking out for a guide. We left his House on Tuesday Morning the 15th. July and in the course of a few hours I served process on four persons all of whom shewed much contempt for the Laws of the United States, we proceeded to the House of a certain William Miller between the hours of eleven and twelve O\u2019Clock in the forenoon who in much agitation refused to receive a Copy of the process against him, but it was legally served. During a conversation with him in which I pointed out the folly of his conduct, we perceived a number of Armed Men approaching us to appearance about thirty or forty. As my mind had been previously made up on the business it was not my wish to avoid them in which I was seconded by my companion. Soon after we left the House and were proceeding on our route we were fired upon at the distance of forty or fifty yards. I immediately reined in my Horse and upbraided them with their conduct, but was answered in a language peculiar to themselves. Having finished my business in that quarter excepting the service of a process against a certain John Shaw who was on my way down the Country, I parted with General Nevill who took the road to his Home and I proceeded to Pittsburgh with the intention of prosecuting my journey to places where I had further business. The morning following Colonel Presley Nevill entered my Chamber & put into my hands a letter from his father in which he mentioned that about sun rise that Morning he had been attacked by a considerable body of Men (which I afterwards learnt from good information Amounted to about One hundred) that after a considerable conflict they retreated with three or four Wounded, one of whom I was informed died of his Wounds. On receiving this information I determined to remain in th\u27e8is\u27e9 Country to see the issue. An application was made to Major Butler who very readily ordered a detachment of sixteen Men under the command of Captain Howe as a guard to protect General Nevill from further insult. They arrived at his House that Evening & as nothing happened during the Night, Captain Howe returned to town the next morning accompanied by Colonel Nevill leaving a Serjeant and eleven Men at the \u27e8\u2013\u27e9. In the forenoon of the same day (vizt Thursday 17th) General Nevill dispatched a person through the Woods with a letter in which he ment\u27e8ioned\u27e9 that he had certain information that about \u27e8\u2013\u27e9 hundred Men would Attack him that Night. He added that if he had any freinds in Pittsburgh they would shew themselves on this occasion. On receiving this information I accompanied Col Nevill to Messrs. Gibson & Wilkin\u2019s in whom were united the rank of Generals of Militia and Diginitys of Associate Judges under the State Government. After a conversation of some length & after deliberation on their part they gave their opinion in writing which I am informed has been transmitted to you. As this opinion was such as to afford no protecti\u27e8on\u27e9 to General Nevill it became extremely natural for his Son to endeavour to obtain for him all the assistance in his power. I very chearfully offered my services and we were joined by Major Craig Lieut. Semple of the Army and Mr. John Ormsby. We left Pittsburgh about three O\u2019Clock in the afternoon and proceeded to within about half a Mile of General Nevills House where we were all made Prisoners by the insurgents. Soon after the firing commenced and continued with some intermission for about an hour when we perceived the buildings on fire. About eight O\u2019Clock the main body collected where we were which consisted of about five hundred men as they themselves asserted and which I believe. They called a Council and it was determined that I should march to a place called Couch\u2019s fort where my fate should be determined. Major Craig Mr Semple & Mr Ormsby got off in the course of the March but Colonel Nevill & myself were obliged to proceed in the most painful and humiliating situation. Here however candor obliges me to express the obligations I am under for the personal protection I frequently met with from several of the party whose names I forbear at present to mention for reasons respecting themselves. On my arriving at the place of Rendezvous and being announced four or five of a large party there fired towards me without injuring me, tho\u2019 by the light of the moon my person was plainly exposed to them at \u27e8but\u27e9 few yards distance. I will not pretend to say they meant to injure me but the Men who had before protected me immediately interfered and upbraided them with their conduct. Soon after this and while their Committee were deliberating on my fate two fellows advanced from among the Croud towards me with their Knives drawn. On my mentioning publickly that I hoped I was not to be assassinated in that way, they were driven from my side, tho not before they had cut my Coat in several places. I was then desired to dismount and walk into the House as a place of greater safety. Here I found Colonel Nevill who had arrived half an hour before me. At length, it was determined that I should be released on my promising that I would serve no more processes on the West side \u27e8of the\u27e9 Allegheny Mountain which was consent\u27e8ed to on\u27e9 my part and guaranteed by Colonel N\u27e8evill\u27e9. We then requested that some persons might accompany us a short distance to protect us from further insult as men were constantly coming in much in liquor. Three persons were accordingly named by their Committee & we had not proceeded more than half a Mile before we were met by a Number of Men much intoxicated. On finding who we were they instantly presented at us and as instantly our escort through themselves between us which in all probability saved us at that time. We were ordered back to the Rendezvous and on the way I was a little ahead of the party accompanied only by one of their principals. On considering what I had already suffered and the danger I should again be exposed to I determined on attempting my escape. Accordingly watching my opportunity I gave my Horse the Spur & rode into the Woods. After riding a short distance I stoped to listen \u27e8if\u27e9 I was persued but hearing no noise, I \u27e8give the\u27e9 credit to the humanity of my companion. I proceeded on and attempted to gain the road leading from Washington to Pittsburgh in which I succeeded and Continued my rout to the River Monongahela. Having reconnoitred the landing and finding everything quiet I led my Horse into a Boat, rowed myself across the River and arrived at Pittsburgh about three O\u2019Clock in the Morning of Friday the 18th. July. The same day \u27e8\u2013\u27e9 men made their appearance in town to demand certain terms of General Nevill & myself. They delivered me a paper writing signed Hugh Scott Junr. Chairman, in which they demanded that I should send all the Summon\u2019s (as they called them) in my possession and expected that I should make no returns of the processes I had served to Court, which they said would satisfy the people & add to my safety. To this I replied verbally in presence of Mr. Brakenridge & others that I should send them no Papers & that the processes which I had served should be returned as was my duty. This answer they said would not satisfy the People and after taking the opinion of Mr. Brakenridge how far the process would affect their property and after receiving their answer from General Nevill (which was not very favorable to their views) they left the Town. By this time the Inhabitants began to be much alarmed & it was mentioned to Genl. Nevill & myself that some persons were whispering how far it might be justifiable to give us up rather than have the town destroyed. In such a situation it behoved us to keep a good look out and to think of our personal safety. Major Thomas Butler very kindly offered his protection and we are much indebted to him for his manly & decided conduct on the occasion, but as our presence could be of no further use in the Country it was our wish to proceed to the seat of Government as soon as possible. We had good information both by letter & otherwise that it was not practicable for us to proceed with any kind of safety by the direct road as Parties would intercept us. We therefore determined by the advice of a few friends to descend the Ohio river and a Barge was provided accordingly. On an application to Major Butler he very chearfully ordered an Officer and ten Men for this service and we embarked about ten O\u2019Clock in the night of Saturday the 19th. July. We reached Wheelen the following Evening where we declined the further service of the Officer & two of the Men and proceeded on to Marietta where we arrived on Tuesday Morning. Much attention was paid us by the Inhabitants but we are particularly indebted to Colonel Sproat who supplied us with every thing we stood in need of and to Lieutenant Miggs of the Militia who offered to March through the Wilderness with the men under his command. However this we declined as it would have been a fatiguing tour to them and would have been attended with delay to us. We proceeded by Clarksburgh accompanied by two faithful guides who had been recommended to us by Colonel Sproat and arrived here on the 8th. day of August. In addition to this statement of facts, I beg leave to notice some points in Governor Mifflin\u2019s speech to the Legislature, that I entered the Western Country at a time \u201cpeculiarly inauspicious.\u201d If any thing here is meant respecting me it would imply that the time was in my choice but it should be recollected that it was my duty to execute the processes previous to the day of return which was the 12th. August. That I met some difficulties and encountered some opposition is very true and I shall make no comments on these with respect to what the Commissioners appointed by the Governor now to the Westward have said in their communication to him of the 22d August. I think it proper for me to observe that I knew nothing of Dr. Baird or his meeting and I differ very materially with them where they say that it was on the night of the 15th. July thirty of my men instantly flew to Arms and marched towards Nevills House. Now I do again assert that it was between the hours of eleven & twelve O\u2019Clock in the forenoon of the same day that about the same number assembled at Millers House & fired upon Genl Nevill & myself. The inference from this mistatement of facts is that the proceedings were influenced by a sudden gust of passion excited by intoxication common enough in the Evening, but the truth is that the hour mentioned in the forenoon neither a gust of passion nor heat of Liquor are probable circumstances. I beg Sir you will pardon me for stating facts in a more particular manner than perhaps the subject required, but I esteem it necessary to my own Honor and for public satisfaction that the truth and whole truth relative to my Official conduct should be known. If it has met the approbation of the Executive I am fully compensated for the difficulties I have encountered. I have the honor to be\nWith every sentiment of esteem & respect \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your Obedient & very hume servt.\nD LenoxMarshall for the Pennsylvania District\nThe Honble.Alex Hamilton Esquire", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0160", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 9 September 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Newport, Rhode Island] September 9, 1794. \u201cI acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 21st. of the last month with the Treasurer\u2019s draughts \u2026 and shall attend to the directions therein contained.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0161", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 9 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\n[Philadelphia] September 9, 1794. Requests Hodgdon to furnish a return of what accoutrements and arms for the cavalry are in the public stores and to specify those which have been lately sent forward.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0162", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Mifflin, 9 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Mifflin, Thomas\nWar department, Sept. 9th 1794.\nSir.\nThe last intelligence from the Western Counties of this State, which has been communicated to you, leaves the issue of measures for an amicable accommodation, so very doubtful, and the season for military operation is wearing away so fast, that the President, with great reluctance, finds himself under a necessity of putting in motion, without further delay, all the militia which have been called for.\nI am therefore instructed by him to request, that your Excellency will immediately cause the quota of this State to assemble. The general rendezvous appointed by the President, for all those who may not lie westward of it, is Carlisle, where also the Jersey Militia will be ordered to repair without delay. Particular places of rendezvous for local convenience will be regulated by your Excellency. I was glad to understand from you, in conversation, that Philadelphia, Reading, and Lancaster, were intended, as at these places, the United States have already contracts. Will it not be most convenient for the militia to bring with them their own supplies from their own homes, or neighbourhoods, to the places of first rendezvous, to be compensated for them by the public?\nThe Superintendent of military Stores, Mr: Hodgdon, will wait upon you, to ascertain what proportions of tents, camp equipage, ought to be sent to the different places of rendezvous, in order that the Militia may be accommodated in the most convenient manner.\nI shall in the course of the day call on your Excellency to adjust in a personal conference anything further that may occur.\nThe President, in making this final call entertains a full confidence that Pennsylvania will upon an occasion which so immediately affects herself, as well as the general interests, display such zeal and energy as shall maintain unsullied her character for discernment, love of order, and true patriotism. It is unnecessary to add, that the part she shall act is of peculiar consequence to the welfare and reputation of the whole Union.\nWith the highest respect, \u2003 I have the honor to be, \u2003 Your Excellency\u2019s \u2003 Most obedt: Servt.\nAlexander Hamiltonon behalf of the Secry at War\nHis Excellency Governor Mifflin.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0164", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 9 September 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia September 9th 1794\nSir,\nThe President of the United States instructs me to request, that you will cause an inquiry to be immediately made, through some of the Officers of the Customs, into the damage sustained by the detention of the Brig William of Glasgow, a prize to a French Cruiser, while She was detained by Government for examination, whether she was not captured within the protection of our coast. It may perhaps be important to ascertain the time, when the damage accrued and through what means. You will be pleased to direct the persons, who shall be employed to inform the French Consul in Philadelphia of the time and place of their proceeding; in order that the persons interested in behalf of the Captors may be present, if they think proper.\nThese measures are adopted by the President, that he may have the whole subject before him, when he shall decide on the application made by the French minister, for compensation, and not because he has already decided in its favor. Those therefore who shall be appointed to inquire, will not give any intimation to the Consul or others, that the President has in the smallest degree prejudged the matter.\nI have the honor, Sir, to be with great respect & esteem \u2003 Your most obedient Servant\nEdm: Randolph\nThe Secretary of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0165", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 10 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n[Philadelphia, September 10, 1794. The description of this letter in the dealer\u2019s catalogue reads: \u201cHe discusses Ellery\u2019s suit against Pierce\u2014\u2018confide in the Jury\u2019s doing their duty.\u2019 Comments on funds to be sent to Ellery for use in building fortifications.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0166-0001", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Richard Harrison, 10 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Harrison, Richard\nTreasury DepartmentSeptember 10th 1794\nSir\nInclosed I transmit herewith, an Account of Mr. Le Maigres against the United States for the hire of his Vessell to carry Mr. Higginson, who was appointed by the President of the United States, Agent to go to the British West India Islands, on the subject of the American Vessells captured by the British Cruizers since the commencement of the War between France and England which Account you will be pleased to have adjusted with all possible dispatch.\nThe admission of the charge of forty Dollars noted at the foot of the account, must depend upon the question whether the United States are liable to make good expences of that Nature.\nThe only deduction to be made from the Account that I know of at present is the Sum of One hundred and seventeen Dollars credited by Mr. Le Maigre.\nI am with Consideration \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Obedt. Servt\nA Hamilton\nRichard Harrison EsqrAuditor of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0166-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: [To Peter Le Maigre], [30 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Le Maigre, Peter\nAlexander Hamilton Esqr in Behalf of the United States.\nPhiladelphia [August 30, 1794]\nTo Peter Le Maigre Dr.\nAugust 28.\nFor the Affreightment of the Brign.  Molly John Tremells Mastr. from 16th.  April last to this date inclusive, is 4  months & 12 days at Dollrs. 450 \u214c  mo. (as \u214c Charter Party)\ndollrs.\nCr.\nBy Cash received \u214c Capt. Tremells from Mr. Higginson\nBallance due. \u2003\u2003\u2003 Dollrs.\nE. Excepted.\nPhiladelphia \u2003 30, Augt. 1794\nPr Lemaigre Esq.\n20 days detention of the Pilot at  Fort Mifflin claiming 2 drs \u214c diem  is Drs 40.\u2013\u2013", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0167", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 10 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\nPhiladelphia Sepr10. 1794\nSir\nI request that you will immediately forward to Winchester in Virginia 75 pair Horsemen\u2019s pistols 150 ditto swords with Belts 200 valices, to Baltimore in Maryland, 50 pair of Horsemens pistols, one hundred ditto Swords with belts and 100 valices, together with Knapsacks canteens & Camp kettles sufficient for 1000 men.\nTents and the remainder of the camp equipage for the Maryland Militia must be forwarded to Frederick Town in that state. Whatever goes to Maryland must be addressed to the order of George Gale Esquire. Not a moment should be lost in forwarding the remainder of the Camp Equipage destined for Virginia.\nI rely too that all the needful ammunition of every sort will be forwarded without delay, that for Virginia to Winchester, that for Maryland to Williamsport that for Jersey & Pensylvania to Carlisle. It is the intention that one half the Artillery go to the Virginia & Maryland Militia who are to unite at Fort Cumberland\u2014the other half to Carlisle.\nThe remainder of the horsemens pistols swords belts & valices which you have in store except what may be necessary for Lt Clough\u2019s detatchment are to be forwarded forthwith to Trenton.\nWith consideration & esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obedt ser\nA Hamilton\nSamuel Hodgsdon Esqr\nBe so good as to send me a copy of this letter.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0168", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Isaac Holmes, 10 September 1794\nFrom: Holmes, Isaac\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCollectors Office Charleston [South Carolina] 10th. Sepr 1794\nSir\nThe American Schooner named the Hawke Enroled and Licenced in this Office John Cook Master did on the 16 May last clear from this port for the port of St Marys in the United States during the period of the Embargo, but instead of proceeding to her place of destination while at Sea She altered her Voyage and proceeded to a Foreign Port in the West Indies vizt Port au Paix. While there Capn Cook Sold the Vessel to Capt Alexander Bolchez a French Citizen who fitted the American schooner Hawke as a Privateer and arrived in this Port with a Legal French Commission. I considered this Conduct as a gross Violation of the Laws of the United States and Seized the Vessel. The Trial commenced in the Court of Admiralty for the district and was argued for four days. A decree of Condemnation passed against the Hawke. The Claimants then appealed to the F\u0153deral District Court for the Ultimate decision of the Question whether the Vessel is liable to forfeiture for having departed to a foreign port without first delivering up her Enrolment and Licence to the Collector of the district. The Judge of the Court delivered up this Vessel to the Claimant Bolchez with her tackle furniture Apparel & Guns &ca upon receiving sufficient Security to the amount of the Value of the Vessel agreeably to 66 Sec: of the Collection Law for the Ultimate decision. Upon the delivery of the Vessel armed as She came into the Port to the French Capt Bolchez he immediately applied to me to clear out his Vessel armed as she came in\u2014to which I refused as I considered the Hawke to be still an American Bottom, untill the Court of appeals had establised or rejected her Condemnation and therefore to suffer her to depart with arms & a Commission would have been in my Judgment a National Commitment. However to prevent a mistake I wrote to the F\u0153deral Attorney the enclosed Letter his answer you will See annexed. In consequence of that answer and the enclosed Order of Court I cleared out the Hawke much against my Judgment as I still hold She is an American Bottom untill her Case should be determined by the Court of appeals. I also wrote to the Governor a Similar Letter. He acquiesced with the Attorney. I will remark here that the appeal is made by the Claimant with no other View than to procure time for the payment of the Value of the Forfeiture 12,000 dollars as there never could have been a Clearer forfeiture. I have thought proper to represent this Matter to you as this Vessel from her Construction is Capable of doing vast Injury and I cannot my Self see that she was entitled to a Clearance from this port while her Case was undetermined. The probability that the injuries & damage She may Commit may upon this ground be retorted to the United States has induced me to be particular on this Subject and as our Neutrality may be committed I have thought it best to give this statement requesting your Opinion.\nWith great Esteem \u2003 I am \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Obt Sert\nIsaac Holmes Col\nAlexander Hamilton EsqrSecretary of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0169", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Sim Lee, 10 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Thomas Sim\nDuplicate\nWar DepartmentSepr 10th. 1794\nSir\nI have the honor of your Excellency\u2019s letter of the 4th Instant.\nI am now instructed by the President to request that the whole quota of Maryland may be assembled and marched as speedily as may be towards their general rendezvous, Williamsport. It was my intention to forward to Frederick town the tents and other articles of Camp Equipage, in order that they might be there furnished to the Troops which came from below. But I will endeavour agreeably to your intimation to change this arrangement as to Knapsacks Canteens & Camp kettles. Swords & pistols for 100 horse will also be forwarded to Baltimore without delay. It would rather involve too great a circuit to send the necessary articles to George Town but I will endeavour so to regulate the matter as to render it possible if demed indispensable.\nThe assembling a part of your Militia at Fort Cumberland will facilitate the general arrangement; for that is the place intended for a junction of the Militia of Virginia & Maryland.\nThe season is so far advanced that all possible dispatch is essential.\nThis final resolution has been taken by the President in consequence of a very undecided state of things in the western Counties of this State when the last intelligence from thence came away. It appears that although the restoration of Order had gained powerful advocates & supporters; yet that there is a violent and numerous party which does not permit to count upon a submission to the laws without the intervention of force. Hence the advanced state of the Season considered, it became indispensable to put the force which had been provisionally called for in motion. I advise the appointment of a person in capacity of Quartermaster & Commissary of Military stores to the detachment with a competent Salary, I should think the pay & emoluments of a Major might suffice. But I do not make this observation as a restriction. I have been also honored with your letter of the 28th of August last, and shall desire the co-operation of the Officers of the Customs accordingly. The object of the Eighth section has [been] anticipated by an instruction to the Collector of Baltimore in consequence of a representation from that place.\nWith perfect respect \u2003 I have the honor to be Sir \u2003 Your most obedt servt\nA Hamilton\nHis ExcellencyThomas S. L\u27e8ee\u27e9 Esqre", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0170", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Mifflin, 10 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Mifflin, Thomas\nTreasury Department, Sept 10 1794.\nSir.\nHaving understood from you, that it was your intention, to appoint a person as Quarter Master to the detachment of Militia of this State, about to assemble, and march, and confiding that the person whom you may choose will be both capable and trustworthy, I propose, as a matter of simplicity and convenience, to commit to him the procuring of Waggons for the transportation of every thing connected with the detachment, except provisions, during the expedition, and also the procuring of forage and fuel for the detachment to the rendezvous at Carlisle. There some general ulterior arrangement will be made. I except provisions, because they are already embraced in another arrangement.\nAllow me therefore to request, that you will inform me who the person designated for this service is, and will direct him to furnish me without delay, with an estimate specifying particulars of the articles to be furnished, and their cost, in order to the requisite pecuniary supply.\nWith perfect respect, I have the honor to be, \u2003 your Excellency\u2019s Most obedient Servt.\nA. Hamilton\nHis ExcellencyThe Governor of Pennsylvania.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0172", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Howell, Junior, 11 September 1794\nFrom: Howell, Joseph, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nW. D. Accountants OfficeSeptember 11th. 1794\nSir\nI have to request in the absence of the Secretary of War, you will be pleased to direct the sum of five thousand dollars to be placed in the hands of the Treasurer, being for the use of the department of war, namely\u2014\nFor the pay of the recruits\n\u201c \u2007 the recruiting service\n\u201c \u2007 incidental expences\nDollars\nI am Sir &c\nJoseph Howell\nThe Secretary of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0173", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Jay, 11 September 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nLondon 11 Septr. 1794\nDear Sir\nI had last week the Pleasure of recieving from you a few Lines by Mr. Blaney. You will recieve this Letter by the Hands of Mr. Morris. He will also be the Bearer of my Dispatches to Mr. Randolph. They will be voluminous, particular, and in many Respects interesting. It should not be forgotten that there is Irritation here, as well as in America, and that our party Processions, Toasts; Rejoicings &c &c. have not been well calculated to produce goodwill and good Humour. The government nevertheless destinguishes between national acts, and these party Effusions, and have entertained hitherto an opinion and Belief that the Presidt. and our Governmt. and nation in general, were really desirous of an amicable Settlement of Differences, and of laying a Foundation for Friendship as well as peace between the two Countries.\nThe Secretary\u2019s Letters by Mr. Munro, and his Speech on his Introduction to the Convention have appeared in the English papers. Their Impression in this Country may easily be conjectured. I wish they had both been more guarded. The Language of the United States at Paris and at London, should correspond with their neutrality. These things are not favorable to my Mission.\nA speedy Conclusion to the negociation is problematical, tho not highly improbable, If I should be able to conclude the Business on admissible Terms, I shall do it, and risque Consequences; rather than by the Delays of waiting for, and covering myself by opinions & Instructions hazard a Change in the Disposition of this Court\u2014for it seems our Country, or rather some parts of it, will not forbear Asperities. I hear that Virga. is taking british property by Escheat; and other things which in the present moment are unseasonable, are here reported.\nAs the proposed Articles are under Consideration\u2014as they have already undergone some Alterations, and as I am not without Hopes of other and further Amendments, I really think they ought not to be published in their present crude State; especially as in the Course of a few weeks I expect to be able to communicate their ultimate Form. If then, they should not appear to me to be such as I ought to sign, I will transmit them, and wait for further Instructions.\nI am Dear Sir \u2003 Yours sincerely\nJohn Jay\nCol. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0174", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, [11 September 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n[Philadelphia, September 11, 1794]\nDr. Sir,\nI cannot entertain a doubt that Mr. Jaudenes request for a guard ought to be complied with. The protection due to a foreign Minister is absolute and the courtesy of nations dictates that military means shall be used in cases where there may be doubt of the adequateness of the civil\u2014as here where the menace of assassination may require an armed guard. Nor have I the least doubt that the standing forces can legally be applied to this purpose whatever may be said of the Militia. We have here an Officer and twelve Dragoon who may be used. But I take it for granted an escort of Volunteers from New York or New Jersey may without difficulty be had. I really think the United States would be disagreeably compromitted by a refusal.\nYours with esteem\nA Hamilton\nThe Secy of State", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0175", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Ephraim Blaine, 12 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Blaine, Ephraim\nPhiladelphia Sepr. 12. 1794\nSir\nI am desirous of availing myself of your Agency for supplying with transportation forage straw & fuel the Pensylvania & New Jersey Militia destined to act against the insurgents in the Western Parts of Pensylvania. The number to be supplied may amount to 6300 infantry and 1000 horse.\nYou will have to take up the supply at Carlisle and continue it Westward\u2014preparing as fast as it can be done three weeks supply of forage & having due regard to the security of the Deposits.\nWith regard to waggons you need do nothing more at present than ascertain where & how soon they can be had; as the Pensylvania Militia will come forward with Waggons for the entire expedition, and the Jersey Militia with waggons that will answer to transport them to Bedford, but not over the Mountains as I am told they are not fit for that service. You will observe that provision-waggons are to be procured by Mr. Eli Williams the bearer of this letter.\nThe Jersey Militia will amount to 1600 infantry & 500 Cavalry.\nWith esteem I am Sir \u2003 Your obed servant\nAlex Hamilton\nP.S Your compensation would be a salary per Month equal to the pay & subsistence of a Lt Col. Commandant. Mr. Williams is instructed to deliver you 5000 Dollars to enter upon the service.\nEphrain Blaine Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0176", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 12 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\nWar DepartmentSepr 12th: 1794\nSir\nI request that some person in character of chief Armourer who may also have charge of the Artificers be provided to accompany the Militia Army. Let him also engage such wheelwrights and other mechanics as may not certainly be found among the troops, and let every correspondent arrangement be made.\nOne half the Intrenching tools intended for the expedition are to be forwarded without delay to Williamsport. The other half is destined for Carlisle.\nWith consideration & Esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your Obedient Servt\nA Hamilton\nSamuel Hodgsdon Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0177", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Sim Lee, 12 September 1794\nFrom: Lee, Thomas Sim\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nAnnapolis September 12th 1794.\nSir.\nI have had the honor to receive your letters of the 6th and the 10th of this month. I had already been informed of the turbulent disposition manifested in Baltimore County and at Hagerstown, as also of similar proceedings at Fort Cumberland, and had been deliberating whether the circumstances disclosed were of sufficient importan[c]e and authenticity to justify a public notice of them. The earnest manner in which I find myself called upon in your letter of the 6th Instant to use all legal methods for suppressing this dangerous spirit in its origin has decided me to issue a Proclamation on the subject, to which, the President may be assured, I shall add every possible effort of authority and influence that may aid the object in view.\nIn Conformity with the President\u2019s directions intimated in your letter of the 10th Inst I shall without delay give orders for the march of our quota of Militia to Williams Port excepting a part which I shall push on immediately to Fort Cumberland, having reason to apprehend that the Militia of that Quarter which are all that I originally proposed to assemble there, are not to be depended on, but may require some others to keep them Steady.\nI had on the first notice of suspicious appearances in that part of the State, directed Brigadier General Bayley to establish a Guard (not less than that of a Captain) over the Magazine and Armoury at Frederick Town, and I have reason to believe that my orders have been Carefully obeyed; but in Consequence of information just received of some alarming indications in the neighbourhood of that place. I shall immediately send instructions for doubling the Guard and shall urge the commanding officer to give the most vigilant attention to the Safety of these objects.\nI have already at the request of the Field officers of Allegany County forwarded to them under the care of an escort from Frederick Town two hundred stand of arms and some ammunition, which being placed in proper hands will, I trust, enable them to keep the turbulent in line, untill the Troops arrive.\nI have understood that, part of the Eastern Shore Militia are already arrived at Baltimore and the whole body will probably be ready in two or three days to proceed, I hope therefore that if the Camp Kettles &c should not have been sent forward before this reaches you, immediate orders will be given for their being dispatched. The sending articles of this kind to George Town may be dispensed with.\nI have appointed Mr John Usher Chaulton of Frederick Town Quarter Master and Commissary of Military Stores and shall fix his salary at the rate you propose unless upon enquiry it shall appear that this double employment ought to entitle him to something more.\nI am &c\nThomas S Lee\nThe HonorableAlexander Hamilton EsqSecretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0179", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from James Moland, 12 September 1794\nFrom: Moland, James\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBantry [Ireland] September 12, 1794. Recalls Hamilton\u2019s \u201cvery polite and disinterested behaviour\u201d when Moland was last in America. Asks Hamilton\u2019s assistance as a lawyer in a case in which Moland is being unjustly sued for the recovery of a debt.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0180", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Purviance, 12 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Purviance, Robert\nTreasury Department September 12th 1794\nSir,\nThe Congress of the United States, having at their last Session passed an Act entitled \u201cAn Act declaring the consent of Congress to an Act of the State of Maryland passed the 28th of December 1793 for the appointment of Health Officer.\u201d And the Governor of Maryland having requested of me by his letter of the 28th of last Month, to direct the Officers of the Revenue at Baltimore, to afford their assistance towards accomplishing the object contemplated by the Act of the State of Maryland\u2014I have therefore to request that you and the other Officers of the Customs at Baltimore will be pleased to cooperate with such person as may be appointed by the Governor, for the purpose, in effectuating as far as you legally can the execution of the said Act.\nI am with consideration \u2003 Sir, \u2003 Your most obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nRobert Purviance EsquireCollector of Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0181", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Elie Williams, 12 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Williams, Elie\nTreasury departmentSeptember 12. 1794\nSir\nI have directed a Warrant for fifteen thousand dollars to issue in your favour in addition to the sum heretofore advanced.\nOf these 15000 I request 5000 may be paid to Ephraim Blaine Esquire at Carlisle in case he should agree to accept the Agency offered to him by the enclosed letter. Should he decline it which I request you to ascertain from him, I will then thank you to make an arrangement for the purpose with some other competent character and to put the money in his hands. The receipt of the Agent for the money will discharge you as the services are meant to be distinct.\nAs it is expected the Agent at Trenton and the Contractors at Philadelphia Reading and Lancaster will supply almost all the provisions that may be wanted as far as Carlisle which will deduct so much from your estimate and as some of the other expences will be successive and gradual I conclude that thirty thousand dollars will suffice at present. A further sum can be forwarded in measure of the demand. And the goodness of the public Credit will enable you to supply any temporary deficiency without disadvantage. As to such articles indeed as can be promptly commanded it may be sufficient to assemble a supply for a fortnight only at and from Carlisle Westward. You will of course have regard to the security of the collections you shall make.\nWhen I express a reliance on the Contractors at Reading and Lancaster it will be necessary for you in your Route Westward to ascertain with them the adequateness of the means they are taking and to supply any probable deficiency.\nWith consideration and esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obedt. Serv.\nA. H\nEli Williams EsqrAgent for supplies with provisionsThe Militia Army", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0182", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the President, Directors, and Company of the Bank of the United States, 13 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President, Directors, and Company of the Bank of the United States\nTreasury Department September 13th 1794\nGentlemen,\nI have to request that you will be so obliging as to pay to Mr. Peter Le Barbier Duplessis Attorney for Peter Le Maigre the sum of Eighteen hundred and Sixty Three dollars being so much certified by the Comptroller of the Treasury to be due from the United States to the said Peter Le Maigre, for the hire of his Brig Molly to carry Mr. Higginson, who was appointed by the President Agent to go to the British West India Islands, on the subject of the American Vessels captured by the British Cruisers since the commencement of the War between France & England.\nThis money will be reimbursed to the Bank, by a Warrant in the usual form as soon as an appropriation is made for that purpose.\nI have the honor to be \u2003 Very respectfully, \u2003 Gentlemen, \u2003 Your most Obedient Servant,\nA Hamilton\nYou will be pleased to let Mr. Duplessis sign the inclosed Receipt as Attorney for Peter Le Maigre.\nThe President, Directors and Companyof the Bank of the United States.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0183", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Sim Lee, 13 September 1794\nFrom: Lee, Thomas Sim\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCouncil Chamber [Annapolis]September 13th 1794\nSir.\nSince forwarding my letter of yesterday\u2019s date I have received intelligence of a most alarming nature from Brigadier General Bayly Colo: Sprigg and others relative to the Spirit of disorder now existing in Washington and Allegany Counties in this State, and actual riots and disturbances that have taken place in consequence.\nIt is represented that combinations inimicable to the measures of Government are every day gaining accessions of strength\u2014that the declarations, the conduct and the views of those involved in these combinations are of the most licentious and daring nature\u2014that they have established a correspondence and connected themselves with the insurgents of Pennsylvania\u2014that they have refused to submit to the draft prescribed by my orders under the late requisition of the President: or in any manner to aid the object of the intended Expedition\u2014that they have supported this refusal by a shew of Force and in some instances by the actual use of it\u2014that they have erected Liberty Poles at various places and guarded them by armed bodies of men\u2014that they have made declarations in favour of a Revolution\u2014that they have refused to acknowledge the Militia officers appointed by the Constitutional Authority asserting the right of making such appointments in themselves and in some instances acting accordingly\u2014that they are endeavouring to collect in force sufficient to attack and plunder the public armoury and Magazine at Frederick Town\u2014and that in short every thing wears the aspect of confusion and danger.\nI had already, as stated in my last, provided (as far as former accounts had suggested the necessity) against the spirit above described, by ordering a Captain\u2019s Guard for the security of the Armoury and Magazine, by putting arms into the hands of the wellaffected Militia in and about Frederick Town, and by ordering two hundred stand of arms &c into Allegany to be distributed by Major Lynn, a Gentleman of merit, among such of the Militia in that County as could be safely relied on.\nUnder a persuasion that these measures were greatly inadequate to their object in the Situation of affairs as above represented and feeling the vast importance of protecting the public arms and military stores from the attempts of these lawless associations and of overawing in its infancy, by a display of strength and firmness this dangerous and turbulent spirit, I have ordered the immediate formation of a detachment of about seven hundred Militia (including Artillery and Horse) from Baltimore Town\u2014the City of Annapolis, George Town and City of Washington and the Upper part of Montgomery County to be marched without delay to Frederic-Town as a Station to act as Circumstances may require.\nI feel a confidence that this operation will be speedily completed, and that its effect will be to check (without violence or bloodshed which a smaller force would probably be unable to avoid) the views of these misguided men and to reduce them to quiet and obedience.\nBut if measures of a less decided complexion are resorted to I am really apprehensive that the consequences will be fatal and that submission will ultimately be produced with difficulty.\nIn order to enable me to carry the foregoing views into execution and to answer the demands which the march and subsistence of the Troops heretofore required would occassion, I have been compelled to request from Mr Gale an advance of money to the amount of six hundred dollars (exclusive of a former advance of fifteen hundred dollars) to be deposited in our Treasury for the above purposes.\nI hope the arrangements I have disclosed, which have appeared to me to result from the most pressing exigency, will meet with the approbation of the President; but if in any particular they are deemed exceptionable, you will be pleased to give me the earliest notice of it that so far as they are found to be improper they may be corrected.\nI am &c.\nThos S Lee\nAlexander Hamilton EsqSecretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0184", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Daniel Morgan, 13 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Morgan, Daniel\nWar Department September 13th 1794\nSir,\nI am instructed by the President to express to you his wish that every practicable exertion may be made to accelerate the assembling of the Militia at their appointed places of Rendevous, Winchester and the Vincinity of old Fort Pleasant Alias Moorefield. You are probably informed that a junction of the Virginia and Maryland Troops at Fort Cumberland has been contemplated.\nYou are at liberty to hasten to that Point all such as may be ready, and which you Judge it adviseable should move that way, but if you think that those who are to assemble at Moorefield, had better proceed by a Route different from that of Fort Cumberland, they may continue at Moorefield till further instruction.\nWith consideration & esteem \u2003 I am sir, \u2003 Your obedient Servant\nOn behalf of the Secy at War\nPS. It will be well to have runners sent into the Insurgent Counties to ascertain what they are about the degree of unanimity & probable strength. Col Carrington will furnish the means.\nMajor General Morgan", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0186", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 14 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\nPhiladelphia Sep. 14, 1794\nSir\nMr. Abraham Hunt informs me that he can procure waggons as far as Reading but not further. It is therefore adviseable for you immediately to send on a person to engage waggons to take the troops up at Reading. Governor Howel with 500 horse will move from Trenton on Tuesday. The continental troops have already marched for Reading. The rest of the Jersey Militia will follow in all the ensuing week.\nThe person you send on will have nothing to do but to engage Waggons. General Miller goes off to Reading tomorrow to make arrangements for forage fuel & straw. Your Agent must be directed to report to him & follow his directions. Pray let him depart this Evening as I should be mortified at a moments detention of the troops on the road for want of transportation.\nI have mislaid the report you made me of the Artillery in Tour. Send me this Evening or early in the morning a Copy & note how many of them you are actually prepared to send off.\nWith esteem \u2003 Yr obed Ser\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0187", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 15 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\n[Philadelphia, September 15, 1794. \u201cFor the Virginia and Maryland Militia Six six-pounders, three three-pounders and two howitzers. For the Pennsylvania Militia Six six-pounders, four three-pounders and three howitzers. For the Jersey Militia Three six-pounders, three three-pounders and one howitzer.\u201d Letter not found.)", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0188", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Sim Lee, 15 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Thomas Sim\nWar Department, September 15, 1794. \u201c\u2026 It is the President\u2019s desire, that no time should be lost in uniting the whole of the militia of Maryland at Fort Cumberland. If the commanding officer has not already taken the field, it is desirable that he should do it without delay, in order to combine, arrange and accelerate the ulterior movements.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0189", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Pierre Charles L\u2019Enfant, 15 September 1794\nFrom: L\u2019Enfant, Pierre Charles\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, September 15, 1794. \u201cAfter all possible exertions on my part, to progress the fortification at and near Mud Island, and however attentive I have been in confining the extent of my operations to the limited sums assigned for, it is with the greatest concern I am to inform you that those means, by proving too small, have long since forced me to relent of the progress; they are at present so far exhausted, that, unless you can procure a sufficiency of supply to continue the work for two months longer, the whole must stop before any part is brought to that state of perfection necessary to be guarded against winter, and answer to some object of defence.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0191", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Smith, 15 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Smith, Samuel\n[War Department, September 15, 1794. \u201cYou will ere this (I presume) have received from the Governor of Maryland information and instructions respecting the assembling of all the Militia of that State destined to act against the Insurgents. The place of ultimate rendezvous is, Fort Cumberland. The whole are to assemble there as fast as they can be ready. I request that you will immediately open a correspondence with Governor Lee of Virginia, who will be at Winchester, advising him of the situation and progress of the Militia under your command, and that you will pursue such instructions as you may receive from him in order to the intended cooperation between the Militia of Virginia and Maryland. With a view of this it may be adviseable for you to take without delay some interior position of which I shall be glad to be informed. It will be satisfactory, to hear frequently from you concerning your situation and prospects. A careful mustering & Inspection in the first instance is of great importance, that every deficiency may be truly ascertained & supplied without waste. You are confided on to make all arrangements requisite to order & consequent economy.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0192", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Nicholas Fish, [16 September 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Fish, Nicholas\n[Philadelphia, September 16, 1794]\nDear Sir\nMr. Smith, the bearer of this, a citizen who I believe has had a good zeal in the public cause, & is in great distress has applied to me for some public appointment. I know nothing that will suit him & that he will suit at present. I give him a line to you to satisfy him but with an anticipation that it is not likely you have any thing in your power. If you have I shall be glad he may be served.\nYrs.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0193", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Mifflin, 16 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Mifflin, Thomas\n[War Department, September 16, 1794. \u201c\u2026 Disagreeable Symptoms have appeared in the two most Western Counties of Maryland.\u2026 Everything is doing to press forward the Jersey Militia to Carlisle.\u2026 It is indeed of the highest moment, that the spreading of so mischievous a spirit should be checked.\u2026\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0194", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Samuel Smith, 16 September 1794\nFrom: Smith, Samuel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Baltimore, September 16, 1794. On September 19, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Smith: \u201cI have had the pleasure of receiving your two letters of the 16th: instant.\u201d Neither letter has been found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0195", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Stephens, 16 September 1794\nFrom: Stephens, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[New York, September 16, 1794. On September 25, 1794, Stephens wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI have not recieved an Answer to my letter of the 16th Inst.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0197", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 17 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\nWar DepartmentSept 17th 1794\nSir\nYou will forward as speedily as may be to Winchester two Marquees, 1000 pair shoes, and two medicine chests; to Carlisle 1000 blankets, 1000 shoes, 200 rifles, 800 muskets with accoutrements proportioned, & Pistol & Musket flints\u2014also two medicine chests. Doctor Brewster will take charge of the medicine chests for Winchester. I am informed that one of the medicine chests contains a double quantity, let that be sent to Winchester.\nPlease to give orders to your Agent at Trenton to issue the residue of the blankets in his possession to the Militia there. Col Mentges informs me that 1000 have been delivered to the Troops. Send to Trenton 500 pair shoes for the Militia.\nWith esteem, \u2003 I am Sir, \u2003 Your Obedt. Servt\nA Hamilton\nSamuel Hodgdon Esq.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0198", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Jay, 17 September 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nLondon 17 Septr. 1794\nDear Sir\nThere is something very pleasant in the Reflection that while war discord and oppression triump in so many parts of Europe, their Domination does not extend to our Country. I sometimes flatter myself that Providence in Compassion to the afflicted in these countries, will continue to leave america in a proper state to be an azylum to them.\nAmong those who have suffered severely from these Evils, is Monsr. De Rochefoucauld Liancourt, formerly President of the national assembly of France. His Rank and Character are known to you. He will be the Bearer of this Letter, and I am persuaded that his Expectations from it will be realized.\nYours Sincerely\nJohn Jay\nThe Honble Col. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0199", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Rufus King, 17 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: King, Rufus\nPhiladelphia Sepr. 17. 1794\nWhen you recollect, that I have two departments on my shoulders and when I tell you that I have been out of health in the bargain You will perhaps admit an excuse for my not answering sooner your letter some time since received.\nMr. Jay has given nothing conclusive. His letters to the 26 of June barely gave the idea that appearances were not unfavourable. His last letter, I forget the date, but it came by the last arrival at New York, refers to letters which were not received but which are supposed to have been confided to the Portuguese Minister. This letter is couched in the same cautious terms\u2014considers the scale as capable of turning either way, & advises not to relax in military preparation. The Ministry however have certainly continued to countenance shipments to this Country & very large ones were making. \u2019Tis a strange mysterious business. The change in Administration has made some pause in the negotiation.\nNothing from the Western Country authorises an expectation of a pacific termination of that business. All the Militia are going forward as fast as they can be got forward. Virginia all below the Mountains is zealous, beyond neutral in conduct & divided in affection. Jersey is also zealous\u2014so are the Eastern shore of Maryland & the Town of Baltimore\u2014Thence to Frederick Town a pretty good temper prevails\u2014beyond that a very insurgent spirit & some insurrection. In Philadelphia an excellent & productive zeal embracing all parties has been kindled. A good spirit will generally pervade the old Counties. But there is much bad leaven in the new Counties, this side of as well as beyond the Mountains\u2014Cumberland Franklin Mifflin & even Northumberland.\nGovernor Lee is at the head of the Virginia Militia & will command if the President does not go out. He is all zeal. Governor Howel with equal zeal was to march from Trenton to day with the van of the Jersey Militia consisting of 500 horse. Mifflin who at first shewed some untoward symptoms appears now to be exerting himself in earnest & with effect & goes at the head of his Militia.\nThe President will be governed by circumstances. If the thing puts on an appearance of magnitude he goes\u2014if not, he stays. There is a pro & a Con in the case. If permitted I shall at any rate go.\nAffecty yrs.\nA Hamilton\nRufus King Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0200", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Sim Lee, 17 September 1794.\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Thomas Sim\nWar departmentSeptember 17. 1794.\nSir,\nI had the honor of receiving by the post of yesterday two letters from your Excellency which having been sent to the President I cannot quote the dates.\nNothing could be more proper than the measures you announce to have been taken in consequence of the insurrection in the Western parts of your State. The movements of the Virginia Militia pursuant to the general arrangement will I trust second your measures. Governor H. Lee will I presume before this reaches you be at Alexandria. I mention this that you may avail yourself of the knowledge if any circumstances should render a correspondence with him useful.\nThe Jersey Militia are coming forward with great zeal and are hastening to Carlisle. An excellent spirit has sprung up in this City and will I doubt not diffuse itself. All accounts from Virginia are encouraging.\nThe disease however with which we have to contend appears more and more of a malignant nature not confined to the opposition to a particular law but proceeding from a general disorderly spirit. Much is evidently at stake. But the friends of good government have every thing to hope with proper exertion of energy.\nI have sent on to Virginia what I deem a competent supply of Arms, but lest there should be a deficiency I have authorized an application to you for a loan having understood that you have more than sufficient for your own detachment in your magazine at Frederick. Should it be made I request it may be complied with in the full assurance that the arms furnished will be replaced by the United States. The only motive to this arrangement is dispatch as we are well provided for the occasion.\nWith perfect respect \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your obedient servant\nA Hamilton\nHis ExcellencyThomas Sim LeeGovernor of Maryland", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0201", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Mathews, 17 September 1794\nFrom: Mathews, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Augusta] September 17, 1794. \u201cOn application to Colo. Wylly Commissioner of Loans of the United States, in this State, for the payment of Interest due on the Non-Subscribed part of the assumed Debt of this State, he informed me that his instructions did not authorise him to pay it. I must therefore request Sir, that you will be explicit with him on this subject, and that arrangements may be made so that the State may be enabled to receive the interest regularly.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0202", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Mifflin, 17 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Mifflin, Thomas\n[War Department, September 17, 1794. \u201cGov. Howell of New Jersey moves today with the van of the Militia of that State. If the Cavalry and artillery of this City could be hastened onward it would be particularly desirable.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0204", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 18 September 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, September 18, 1794. \u201cI have to request that a warrant may Issue in my favor for one Thousd. Dollars to make a payment to Samuel Wheeler the maker of the two Lanterns for Baldhead & Tybee Light houses. As Mr. Wheeler is under marching orders in the 1st City Troop tomorrow morning all possible dispatch is requested.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0205", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Howell, Junior, 18 September 1794\nFrom: Howell, Joseph, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nWar Department, Accountant\u2019s Office, September 18, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to inclose you extracts of a letter dated 16th Ulto. from the Agent for the War Department in Georgia, and of a letter from the Secretary of War to the Governor of that State, respecting the pay of a Troop of Dragoons consisting of four Commissioned Officers and seventy nine Non-Commissioned Officers & privates amounting to 8,268 dolls \u27e8&\u27e9 86 Cents, for their service between December 93 and June 1794. If this claim is authorized be pleased to furnish the Treasurer with the amount.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0206", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Sim Lee, 18 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Thomas Sim\nWar department, Septr. 18. 1794\nSir,\nThe intelligence received from the western Counties of Pennsylvania, which comes down to the 13th: instant, and announces as far as it was then known the result of the Meetings of the people in the several townships and districts, to express their sense on the question of submission or resistance to the laws\u2014while it shews a great proportion of the inhabitants of those Counties disposed to pursue the path of duty, shews also that there is a large and violent party which can only be controuled by the application of Force. This being the result, it is become the more indispensable and urgent to press forward the forces destined to act against the insurgents with all possible activity and energy. The advanced season leaves no time to spare and it is extremely important to afford speedy protection to the well disposed and to prevent the preparation and accumulation of greater means of resistance and the extension of combinations to abet the insurrection. The President counts upon every exertion on your part which so serious and eventful an emergency demands.\nWith perfect respect, I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir, \u2003 Your obedient Servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nHis Excellency Thomas S. LeeGovernor of Maryland.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0208", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Mifflin, 18 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Mifflin, Thomas\nWar departmentSeptember 18. 1794\nSir,\nI have the honor to inform your Excellency that a detachment of the Troops of the United States under the command of Lieut. Daniel Bissell is to march from this City as an escort to a train of Artillery and Military Stores, intended for the Maryland and Virginia Militia called out against the Western Insurgents. This detachment will march through Lancaster and York Town and from thence to Williamsport in Maryland. I have to request that your Excellency would be pleased to give instructions to the commanding Officer of the Militia at York to furnish a reinforcement from his Militia to the said escort if Lieutt. Bissell should think it necessary for the protection of his important charge.\nI have the honor to be \u2003 with great respect \u2003 Your Excellencys obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nHis ExcellencyGovernor Mifflin", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0209", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Mifflin, 18 September 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, September 18, 1794. \u201cAgreeably to your request, I have inclosed a letter of instructions to the Brigade Inspector of York County, for the purpose of furnishing any reinforcement, that Lieutenant Bissel may require on his march to Williamsport in Maryland.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0210", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Pinkney, 18 September 1794\nFrom: Pinkney, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nIn Council [Annapolis]September 18th 1794.\nSir,\nIn the absence of the Governor, we have received information from General Smith, that the Spirit of insurrection in the Upper Counties of this State has arisen to so alarming a Heigth, as actually to prompt a part of the misguided Inhabitants to embody for the purpose of marching to Frederic Town, with the object no doubt, of obtaining possession of the State\u2019s armoury and Magazine. The prompt and vigorous arrangements adopted by the Governor on the receipt of the intelligence, announced in his letter of the 13th Instt. will, it is hoped, not only prevent the execution of this daring and profligate design, but awe the persons concerned in it into future Submission.\nYou will perceive by the enclosed copys of General Smith\u2019s letter above alluded to, that a number of infantry and horse from Baltimore had probably arrived at Frederic Town some days ago, sufficient in conjunction with the Troops already stationed there, as to give timely and effectual opposition to the meditated attack.\nIt is certain too, that about three hundred infantry and thirty or forty horse from General Forrest\u2019s Brigade, and a part of infantry and horse from General Davidson\u2019s Brigade, had marched for the Same Station in time to reach it before the Insurgents could arrive there\u2014and we have every reason to believe that the Troops required from General Crabb\u2019s Brigade had also commenced their march in time.\nThe Governor has thought it advisable to proceed in person to Frederick for the purpose of being enabled with more certainty to ascertain the views of the Malcontents, and to direct the measures necessary for Counteracting their operations and restoring tranquility and obedience.\nThe Militia who have marched upon this expedition are Volunteers Composed of the most respectable of our Citizens, and are implicitly to be depended upon because actuated by Principle.\nTheir Zeal and their Attachment to Law and order, leave no room to doubt their success, and indeed it is reasonable to presume that when men like these are found to oppose themselves in arms to the efforts of this abandoned Combination, their frenzy will Cease to disturb the public quiet.\nWe have the honor &c\nWm Pinkney President\nThe HonorableAlexander HamiltonSecretary Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0212", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Angelica Church, 19 September 1794\nFrom: Church, Angelica\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nLondon, September 19, 1794.\nMy Dear Brother:\nI have very particular and very good motives to ask your kindness for the Duke de Liancourt, he loved liberty with good sence and moderation; and he meant so well towards his country as to introduce into France a better system of Agriculture and to soften the situation of the Lower class of people there. Virtue, has not found its reward, for in the many scenes of distress that has afflicted his unfortunate country, he like many more good men, has been obliged to leave his possessions and seek an Asylum in this country.\nHe goes to America, and goes there without a friend, unless my dear Brother, who is always so good, will extend to Monsieur de Liancourt his care\u2014besides many good qualities, this gentleman is the friend of the Marquis de LaFayette.\nAdieu my dear friend, remember me to Beaumetz and Monsieur de Talleyrand.\nAngelica Church.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0213", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Alexander J. Dallas, 19 September 1794\nFrom: Dallas, Alexander J.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, September 19, 1794. \u201cThe Governor directs me to inform you, that in compliance with the request, stated in your letter of the 18th. instant, he has given Orders for the discharge of Samuel Owner, a workman employed in the service of the United States, but drafted for the Western expedition.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0214", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Isaac Holmes, 19 September 1794\nFrom: Holmes, Isaac\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Charleston, South Carolina, September 19, 1794. On October 3, 1794, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., answering \u201cfor the Secty of the Treasy,\u201d wrote to Holmes: \u201cYour letter dated Sept. 19th has been rec\u2019d.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0215", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 19 September 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCustom HouseDistrict of Providence 19th Septr. 1794.\nSir.\nI have been Honored with your Letter of the 9th. Instant in reply to mine of the 11th August last on the Subject of Arnold and Dexter\u2019s Suits against me, which were both Tried before the Superiour Court on the 17th Instant when Virdicts by Jury were rendered against me in the Case of Arnold for \u00a313\u20135 / LM Damages with \u00a38. 8. 6 Cost and in the Case of Dexter for \u00a32\u201310/ Damages with \u00a37. 12. 8. Cost. Since the Receipt of your Letter I have again Consulted Mr. Barnes Relative to the Future management of those Suits and he is of opinion that the application we Contemplated to be made to the Genl Assembly at their Session in Octr. next, for a re-hearing, will not prove so favourable as we had at first Expected as the Court during the Trial Manifested a disposition not very Friendly, having refused any Evidence to be offered, to the Jury, on my part, to Show that the Transfer from Arnold to Dexter was Collusive and made for the Sole purpose of Evading the Statute, in order therefore to a avoid a nother Trial, (which Seems not very flattering) before the State Court & to Save time. I have Deemed it most adviseable to Carry Said Suits by writ of Error before the Supreme Court of the United States where I doubt not of a Just and favourable Decision.\nI have the Honor to be &c.\nJereh. Olney Collr.\nAlexander Hamilton Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0217", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 19 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nPhiladelphia Sept 19, 1794.\nSir\nUpon full reflection I entertain an opinion, that it is adviseable for me, on public ground, considering the connection between the immediate ostensible cause of the insurrection in the Western Country and my department, to go out upon the expedition against the insurgents. In a government like ours, it cannot but have a good effect for the person who is understood to be the adviser or proposer of a measure, which involves danger to his fellow citizens, to partake in that danger: While, not to do it, might have a bad effect. I therefore request your permission for the purpose.\nMy intention would be not to leave this till about the close of the month so as to reach one of the columns at its ultimate point of rendezvous. In the meantime I take it for granted General Knox will arrive, and the arrangements which will be made will leave the Treasury department in a situation to suffer no embarrassment by my absence; which if it be thought necessary may terminate about or shortly after the meeting of Congress.\nWith perfect respect, & the truest \u2003 attachment, I have the honor to be, \u2003 Sir, Yor: obt. Servt.\nThe President of the United States", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0218", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Alexander J. Dallas, [20 September 1794]\nFrom: Dallas, Alexander J.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, September 20, 1794]\nSir.\nThe engagements of the Governor preventing his immediate attention to some of the details for the western expedition, permit me on his behalf to enquire whether it is understood to be within the Province of the State Executive to appoint a Surgeon General for the State of Pennsylvania. The object is of considerable importance; and I have requested Doctr. Dorsey, to do me the favor to wait on you for an answer to this letter. The Militia-acts of the United States and of this state leave the matter in some degree doubtful.\nI take this opportunity to inform you, that upon the receipt of your letter of the 20th. instant, I called on the Master Warden, with instructions to send off an Express to Fort Mifflin for the purpose of stopping and detaining any vessel of the description which you mention. The answer of the officer commanding at the Fort is enclosed for your perusal.\nI am, Sir \u2003 Your Most Obed: Serv:\nA: J: Dallas,Secretary.\nSecretary\u2019s Office20th Septr. 1794To Alexander Hamilton, esquire.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0219", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Mifflin, 20 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Mifflin, Thomas\nWar Department, September 20, 1794. Sends same letter he sent to Thomas Sim Lee on September 18, 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0220", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Meletiah Jordan, 21 September 1794\nFrom: Jordan, Meletiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nFrenchman\u2019s Bay [District of Maine] September 21, 1794. \u201cI embrace the first opportunity to communicate to you the particulars of a seizure lately made in this District.\u2026 The account from the person who appeared as Master is as follows. That the Schooner William of St. John\u2019s sailed from Martinique last July, that the day after their Departure the Master died, that the next day the Mate jumped or fell overboard they could not tell which, on the next a passenger who was a freighter died.\u2026 One Joseph Jamate who gave this account & brought the Vessel safe in 27 Days to the aforesaid harbour, says he cannot write; a young lad on board marked the Log but the account of the deaths in the Log does not correspond with a private minute kept by the same person. These circumstances with their having lain four days in the District without making any Report at the Custom House with a great probability of some violence having been committed on board, and their being in sight of a British Fleet at Guadaloupe where they might have relief induced me to stop the Vessel till the Owners at St. Johns might have an opportunity of clearing up the matter; One of the Owners accordingly came here & brought a descriptive Certificate of the Vessel from the Custom House at St. Johns, which corresponded with the one on board. As I had reason on enquiry to think that they had not infringed the Revenue Laws by landing or otherwise disposing of any part of their Cargo, And that if the Vessel was stopt for the fine liable for laying longer than the time limited by Law, Yet that on Trial she would be returned their being no Officer on board\u2014and the distress manifest. Considering these circumstances & fearful of accumulating a further expense to the Revenue; after taking the advice of Counsel on the subject I liberated the Vessel yesterday the 20 on the Owners paying the expense that had already accrued in siezing bringing up & securing the Vessel, the expense of the Master & hands &c.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0221", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Isaac Holmes, 22 September 1794\nFrom: Holmes, Isaac\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCharleston [South Carolina] September 22, 1794. \u201cIn my Letter to you under date 10th Currt. relatively to the Schooner Hawke, the value of the vessel was expressed thro mistake in the Copiest at 12000 dollars. If it is so, you will please read 1200 dollars.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0222", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Rufus King, [22 September 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: King, Rufus\n[Philadelphia, September 22, 1794]\nI thank you My Dr. Sir for your letter of the . A few days previously I wrote you pretty fully. I hope my letter got to hand.\nThe inclosed paper gives you the substance of our European intelligence under the Philadelphia head.\nThe Returns from the Western Counties of this state are just come to hand. They shew a valuable division, ranging on the side of the laws the most influential men & a respectable body of others\u2014but leaving a great number still uncomplying and violent so as to afford no assurance of submission to the laws without the application of Force. It will give you pleasure to learn that there is every prospect of our being able to apply this effectually & of the issue being favourable to the authority of the laws. It will occasion a large bill of Costs, but what is that compared with the object?\nAdiu \u2003 Affecty Yrs\nA Hamilton\nRufus King Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0223", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Moultrie, 22 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Moultrie, William\n[Philadelphia, September 22, 1794. On this date George Washington \u201cApproved drafts of Letters to the Governors of South Carolina & Georgia submitted by the Secretary of the Treasury.\u201d Letter to Moultrie not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0225", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Alexander J. Dallas, 23 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Dallas, Alexander J.\n[War Department, September 23, 1794. The catalogue description of this letter reads as follows: \u201con the appointment of a Surgeon in the Pennsylvania Militia.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0226", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 23 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\nWar DepartmentSep 23. 1794\nSir\nYou will furnish the Pensylvania Militia with the additional supply of arms & accoutrements which you mention have been called for.\nYou will forward to the Virginia Militia swords, pistols & other horsemens equipments saddles excepted sufficient with those already sent to complete the detachment of horse called for.\nI am uneasy at the delay which has attended the forwarding of the articles destined for that quarter. Let the Blankets & shoes be carried as far as three thousand of each\u2014and let a due quantity of the smaller articles bowls & pails go forward. In short let a full supply of all necessary articles of Camp Equipage be completed as fast as possible. I hope the complement of arms heretofore mentioned has been expedited. If any further delay attends the sending on the articles destined for the South we shall be too late.\nWith consideration & esteem I am \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your obed servant\nAlex Hamilton\nP. I send you a return transmitted me by Governor Lee of the articles at New London that you may compare with your information.\nSamuel Hodgsdon Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0228", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Sim Lee, 23 September 1794\nFrom: Lee, Thomas Sim\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCouncil Chamber [Annapolis]September 23rd 1794.\nSir\nI have the pleasure to inform you that the opposition to the Government in this State is entirely crushed without the loss of one Life. The alacrity with which the Militia on the first notice marched from the different parts of the State, and the general spirit disclosed by the Citizens precluded all hope of success to the Insurgents and induced them to abandon their design on the arsenal without a trial of their strength.\nMany have been taken by small detachments of Horse and delivered over to the Civil Authority; those thought most criminal are Confined in gaol, those less so, have been admitted to bail, and an order for disarming such as are suspected of being accomplices is now executing.\nAs there is reason to believe that the Western Insurgents hold a correspondence with the disaffected of this State, the happy termination of the business here will be more important, and cannot fail of having an influence in restoring the peace and order of the government in that Quarter.\nI have thought it prudent to deliver a part of our arms to particular corps of our Militia, a surplus however will still remain and every assistance that can be given in furnishing the Virginia Troops will be rendered with pleasure. The Maryland Quota of Militia will be full, or nearly so, and are moving on to Cumberland.\nI have the honor to be &c\nTho: S Lee\nThe HonbleAlexander HamiltonSecretary Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0229", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the President and Directors of the Bank of the United States, 24 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President and Directors of the Bank of the United States\nTreasury DepartmentSep 24. 1794\nGentlemen\nThe large extra demand upon the Treasury, which has been occasioned by the expedition going on against the Western Insurgents, obliges me to request of you to permit me by anticipation to draw upon you for the whole of the remainder of the last Million loan on the first of October ensuing. You will recollect that 400,000 Dollars are on that day to be paid to you on account of a former loan. This payment will be then made accordingly. I request a speedy answer.\nWith great respect & esteem \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Gentlemen Your obed ser\nA Hamilton\nThe President & Directorsof The Bank of The UStates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0231", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Cochran, 24 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Cochran, John\nTreasury Department, September 24, 1794. \u201cI have directed the Treasurer \u2026 to remit to you, a draught for Ninety Thousand Dollars on account of the Interest payable \u2026 on the several species of stocks standing on your books.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0233", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Sim Lee, 24 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Thomas Sim\nWar departmentSeptember 24. 1794\nSir,\nI have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of a letter of the 18. instant from the Executive Council of Maryland and to congratulate you & them on the disappearance of the insurrection in Maryland.\nThe President has seen with great satisfaction the laudable vigour with which it was met by the Government, the excellent disposition manifested by the Citizens, and the speedy termination of the disturbance. Such an example cannot but have the best effect.\nThough severity towards offenders is to be avoided as much as can consist with the safety of society; yet impunity in such cases is apt to produce too much promptitude in setting the laws at defiance. Repeated instances of such impunity in Pennsylvania are perhaps the principal cause of the misfortune which now afflicts itself and through it the United States. The disturbers of the peace familiarly appeal to the past experience of unpunished offences as an encouragement to the perpretation of new ones. This general reflection will no doubt be duly adverted to by the Judiciary and other authorities of Maryland.\nWith great respect and esteem \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most obed. Servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nHis Excellency Thomas Sim LeeGovernor of Maryland", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0234", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 24 September 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] September 24, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of State, not having time to have the inclosed from Mr. Jaudenes translated, presents it to the Secretary of Treasury; as it relates to a privateer fitted out in the neighborhood under French colours, and being just ready to sail.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0235", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [24 September 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, September 24, 1794]\nThe Secry. of the Treasury presents his respects to The President. He finds it will be impracticable for him without injury to the public service to leave town on Monday, but he will do it the day after & overtake the President. However he begs leave to inform the President that from the information received, there is no prospect of a pretty general assembling of the Pennsylvania & N Jersey militia at Carlisle before the 6 or 7 of Octor., so that The President will have some time to spare & perhaps it may be useful for him to remain here as long as will comport with the object of his journey & his convenience in making it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0236", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 25 September 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, September 25, 1794. At the foot of a memorandum dated September 29, 1794, Coxe wrote: \u201cThe above is the original note of the Contracts referred to in my Letter of the 25 Septbr. 94 to the Secy. of the Treasury.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0237", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 25 September 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRevenue Office septr. 25. 1794\nSir\nI had the Honor this day to transmit to you a Contract with Mr. John McCauley for the Copper work &c of the Tybee Lighthouse for the purpose of procuring the presidents decision thereon. In addition to this there is a Former Contract with John McCauley for the Copper work of the Cape Fear Lighthouse not yet approved it was transmitted the 18th. of February. The appointment of the Keeper for Cape Fear Light house, a Report on which was transmitted on the 11th. of March, And the Contract for Building a house for the Keeper of Plumb Island Lighthouse, a report on which was transmitted to you on the 24 of May also remains to receive the Presidents approbation.\nI have the honor to be with great Respect sir, \u2003 Your most Obed Servant\nTench CoxeCommissioner of the Revenue\nThe secretary of The Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0239", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 25 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\nWar DepartmentSeptember 25. 1794\nSir\nI request that you will furnish me on Saturday Evening at my house with a complete return of all the articles you will by that time have forwarded for the Militia army distinguishing how much to the Militia of each state and at the same time of all arms accoutrements cloathing and Camp Equipage fit for service which remain in store at and near Philadelphia. Substantial accuracy will suffice & it is essential I should then have the return. With consideration & esteem\nI am Sir \u2003 Your obed ser\nA Hamilton\nSamuel Hodgsdon Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0240", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, [25 September 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\n[Philadelphia, September 25, 1794]\nMr. Hamilton requests Mr. Hodgsdon to specify in the returns which he is desired to make on Saturday the particular destinations of the different parcels which have been sent on.\nSep 25", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0241", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, [25 September 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\n[Philadelphia, September 25, 1794]\nMr. Hamilton requests Mr. Hodgsdon to be so obliging as to inform him whether he has in his power or eye any horse which would be proper as a riding horse for Mr. Hamilton\u2014easy gated of some blood & capable of rendering service. Mr. Hamilton would mean to purchase him.\nThursday Morning", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0242", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Mathews, 25 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Mathews, George\nWar department September 25th, 1794\nSir.\nIn the absence of the Secretary at War, I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letters to his department, of the 5th, 19th, and 30th of August and to reply to such parts as are the most pressing, referring the others to the return of that Officer.\nAmong the Posts which have been established that at Doctor\u2019s Town creates a question in consequence of Lieut. Colonel Gaithers information, that it is within the Indian Boundary. This is a matter which ought to be unequivocally ascertained, and if found to be within the Indian line, or if it be even doubtful, whether that be the case, the Post must be immediately removed. It is deemed essential that no encroachment should take place. And your Excellency is relied upon for a strict and scrupulous adherence to this principle.\nUnder the circumstances which led to it the President has thought proper to authorize the adoption by the United States of the new troop ordered by you, into service, from the time of its commencement, and to continue until the first of November ensuing, when it is to be disbanded. And you are at liberty, if the state of things shall render it in your judgment essential to substitute at that time a company of Infantry for the same service. Corps of Horse upon the terms on which that in question is engaged, are expensive in the extreme, and in a much greater proportion compared with Infantry, than any supposeable superiority of usefulness can justify. Indeed it would require a Treasury much better supplied than that of the United States to support the expence of a multiplication or extension of such Corps. Consequently that multiplication or extension would tend to defeat its own object\u2014for our instruments of defence to be durable must be relative to our means of supporting them. And when we find as in the instance of the insurrection now existing in the western parts of Pennsylvania, that those for whose immediate benefit the objects of military expenditure occur, are among the first to resist even to violence the necessary means of defraying them\u2014it is easy to appreciate the perplexing dilemma, to which the Government is reduced between the duty and the means of affording protection; and the necessity consequently of o\u0153conomy in the modes of effecting it.\nYour Excellency is pleased to express your concern at being so repeatedly compelled to solicit protection for the State of Georgia. This is not understood as implying any want of due disposition on the part of the Executive of this Government to afford all the protection which is within the compass of the means placed within its power\u2014having regard to all the objects which along a very extended frontier, equally demand attention. It is not doubted that you render justice in this respect to the views of the Executive.\nBut the observation you have made in this particular, naturally leads to another, which calls for the most serious attention of the Governments of the States exposed to Indian depredations. It is this that there is a reciprocal duty in the case. The obligation upon the United States to afford adequate protection to the inhabitants of the frontiers, is no doubt of the highest and most sacred kind. But there is a duty no less strong upon those inhabitants to avoid giving occasion to hostilities, by an irregular and improper conduct and upon the local Governments sincerely and effectually to punish and repress instances of such conduct, and the spirit which produces them. If these inhabitants can with impunity thwart all the measures of the United States for restoring or preserving peace\u2014if they can with impunity commit depredations, and outrages upon the Indians, and that in violation of the faith of the United States, pledged not only in their general treaties, but even in the special (and among all Nations peculiarly sacred) case of a safe conduct, as in the instance of the attack upon the Indians while encamped within our protection on the tenth of May last.\nCan it be surprising if such circumstances should abate the alacrity of the national Councils to encounter those heavy expences, which the protection of the frontiers occasions, and of the readiness of the Citizens of the United States, distant from the scenes of danger to acquiesce in the burdens they produce?\nIt is not meant by these remarks to diminish the force of the excuse, within due limits, which is drawn from the conduct of the Indians, towards the frontier inhabitants. It cannot be denied that frequent and great provocations to a spirit of animosity and revenge are given by them; but a candid and impartial survey of the events which have from time to time occurred, can leave no doubt that injuries and provocations have been too far mutual\u2014that there is much to blame in the conduct of the frontier inhabitants, as well as in that of the Indians. And the result of a full examination must be, that unless means to restrain, by punishing the violences which those inhabitants are in the habit of perpetrating against the Indians, can be put in execution, all endeavours to preserve peace with them, must be for ever frustrated.\nAn example, worthy of imitation, in its spirit, has lately been given, by the Surrender to Governor Blount of some Indians who lately committed a murder upon one John Ish, an inhabitant of the southwestern Territory\u2014and who have been tried and executed. The record of such an example of justice and fair dealing, will give occasion to us to blush\u2014if we can cite no instance of reciprocity amidst the numerous occasions which are given for the exercise of it.\nThese reflections, Your Excellency may be assured, are merely designed to present to consideration some very important truths; Truths, a due attention to which are of the most serious concern to those States which have an exposed frontier. To give full weight to their claims upon the exertions of the Union to afford the requisite protection, it is of great moment to satisfy the United States, that the necessity for them has not been created, or promoted by a culpable temper, not sufficiently restrained, among those to whom the protection is immediately to be extended.\nThe President learns with great pleasure, the measures your Excellency had begun and was about to pursue for the removal of the settlers under Genl: Clarke. It is impossible to conceive a settlement more unjustifiable in its pretexts, or more dangerous in its principle, than that which he is attempting. It is not only a high handed usurpation of the rights of the General and State Governments, and a most unwarrantable encroachment upon those of the Indians, but proceeding upon the idea of a seperate and independent Government, to be erected upon a Military basis, it is essentially hostile to our Republican systems of Government, and is pregnant with incalculable mischiefs. It deeply concerns the great interests of the Country that such an establishment should not be permitted to take root, and that the example should be checked by adequate punishment; in doing which, no time is to be lost, for such is the nature of the establishment, that it may be expected rapidly to attain to a formidable magnitude, involving great expence and trouble to subvert it.\nThe President therefore depends absolutely upon measures equally prompt and efficacious to put an end to it.\nMr. Habersham Agent for supplies is instructed to co-operate and the Governor of South Carolina is requested to afford upon your application the aid of the Militia of that State, if circumstances, as does not appear probable, should require it.\nNo agreement or arrangement which may be made, or pretended to be made between these settlers and the Indians, ought to be suffered to make any alteration in the plan of suppressing the settlement, for no such agreement or arrangement can possibly be legal, or considering the manner in which the settlement has been commenced can without affording a most pernicious example receive the future sanction of Government.\nYou desire instructions with regard to the Prisoners that may be made, in the event of the employment of force. You will be pleased to cause them to be delivered over to the custody of the Judiciary, and in preference to that of the United States; as their laws define and prescribe particular punishments in such cases.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0244", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Stephens, 25 September 1794\nFrom: Stephens, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York, September 25, 1794. \u201cAs I have not recieved an Answer to my letter of the 16th Inst, requesting of you to send me a Certificate which would enable me to Cancel my Mortgage which I suppose is owing to your Multiplicity of business, therefore to give you as Little trouble as possible, I have got a Certificate made out & sent \u2026 for the purpose of your signing it.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0246", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 26 September 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, September 26, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to request that a Warrant for 470 Dols. may be issued to Wm. Allibon Superintendent of the Delaware Light House establishment &c for the purpose of discharging the accounts which fall due on the 30th instant.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0248-0001", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 26 September 1794\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Orig:] London. Dupl. via New York pr. Ship Charlotte. Mallaby. Tripl. via N. York pr. Ship Jersey Gardner\nDuplicate\nAmsterdam 26th. September 1794\nSir!\nSince our last respects of 1st. Instant, we have received your very esteemed favor of 7 July, inclosing the necessary Powers in good order, and your directions to us, to make a Loan on behalf of the United States, for Two Millions of Guilders, on the application of Mr. Humphreys for that object.\nOur zeal is always devoted to the Interest of the United States, and does not stand in need of quickening, when it is possible to execute the orders you give us, of which the circumstances of the last Loan are an undeniable proof. Seeing then how desirous You are to have money ready to consolidate the Treaty your Minister at the Court of Portugal is authorized to conclude with Algiers, you cannot doubt our readiness to meet and fulfill your wishes on that head, in so far as circumstances will admit.\nBut Sir! the situation of this Country is such at present, that it is impossible at this moment, to foresee when the period will arrive that we may be able to negotiate another Loan for the United States, and the same cause will prevent the success of any temporary arrangement, to supply the money until the Loan can be compleated: Indeed such would in all times be extremely difficult, if not impracticable for sums to that Amount.\nAs the Avails for a Loan that has been undertaken, come in but by Instalments, permit us to suggest to you, that the only probable means of having monies here to make good the object you wish to provide for, is to direct us to open a Loan for the purpose whenever Circumstances will allow our doing it with success: This We allow is subjecting the United States to a certain Expence, for a matter that is entirely Contingent and may not at all occur, but at same time, It ought to be considered that the distance between our two Countries, and the nature of the Loan Business, renders the Assumption of risques of this sort sometimes inevitable, and that at all Events, the proceeds of such a Loan might be applied to the payments of the large Amounts of Interest and reimbursement of the Loans of the United States successively to be made in Amsterdam.\nThe payments next falling due here by the United States are\n                which with contingent disposals on us, will\nprobably absorb all the Cash in our hands, and leave You to provide for the reimbursement of\n    Principal due the 1 June 1795\n    Interest due ditto\n    That we are confident you will remit us for, so as to\ncontinue the regular discharge of the Engagements of the United States, It being highly uncertain, whether in the Intervals We shall be able to raise any further Loans on their Account: We therefore most seriously entreat You, not to rely upon such, to face the payments falling due here subsequent to next March.\nShould any Events take place, to render probable the success of future Loans here, we shall not fail to give you the most early Intelligence thereof for your Government.\nIt may appear strange to you, that at a Crisis, when the Credit of all the Powers in Europe is greatly reduced, there should exist so little demand here and in England for the Bonds and Stocks of the United States; And we confess to you we cannot Account for it upon any reasonable grounds: The most prevailing motives however are, that many People conceive it prudent to hold their Coffers well filled in the actual Circumstances; that some uninformed entertain a general distrust of all public Funds; and that English Capitalists realize what they can, without considerable sacrifice, in hopes to replace it to great advantage in the new English Loan shortly expected to be opened: All which tending to render money very scarce, influence the price of American Bonds here, and of your Domestic Stocks in the Market of London, where they now sell at low prices.\nWe take the liberty to inclose you Abstract of a letter we received from our Correspondents at Copenhagen, under date of 6th. Instant, which will clearly evince to you, that it is scarce possible at any rate, to purchase Salpetre where the Agent of France can enter into competition: such being the case, in all the northern Ports, and your directions for that Article, of which the half has been executed, not being pressing, we have judged proper, to lodge orders for the remainder of the parcel to be purchased in Lisbon, whenever any shall arrive there, and to be shipped to you from thence: It will afford us great pleasure to advise You its being effected, And we have good hopes it may be so, as that Market is not frequented by the Agents of France, nor we believe materially influenced by the rise in price of Salpetre in the northern parts of Europe.\nWe are ever with sincere Regard and esteem \u2003 Sir! \u2003 Your mo: obi: hb: Servants\nWilhem & Jan WillinkN & J Van Staphorst & Hubbard\nAlex: Hamilton Esqr. Secretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0249", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Howell, Junior, 27 September 1794\nFrom: Howell, Joseph, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nW. D. Accountants OfficeSeptember 27th. 1794\nSir\nIn pursuance of your request as noted in my letter of Yesterday I have the honor to inform you that the sum required is contemplated to be expended for buildings, repairs and articles directed to be made and purchased by the President the sum of\nDollars 5000\nFor the pay of the Army & for bounties to recruits\n\u2007\"\u2007 Subsistence of Officers\n\u2007\"\u2007 Incidental & Contingent expences\nDollars 10000\nThe Treasurer informs me that he has in his hands as Agent for the Department of War the sum of three hundred and ninety dollars & 69 Cts.\nI am Sir &c\nJoseph Howell\nThe Secty of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0250", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Stephen Moylan, 27 September 1794\nFrom: Moylan, Stephen\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] September 27, 1794. \u201cThe amount of Interest on the stock remaining on the books of this Office for the Quarter ending the 30th Septr. 1794 is 19.506.38 Cents 1 Mill dollars for which Sum you will please to issue a Warrant.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0251", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 27 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, September 27, 1794. \u201cPay to the Secretary of State, out of the fund appropriated to defray the Contingent Charges of Government, the sum of Fifteen hundred Dollars, for the use of Colo. Innes.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0252", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 27 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\n[Philadelphia, September 27, 1794. On January 5, 1795, Willink, Van Staphorst, and Hubbard wrote to Hamilton: \u201cWe have to acknowledge the Receipt of your esteemed favors of 27 September and 27 October, the latter signed by Oliver Wolcott Esqr.\u201d Letter of September 27 not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0253", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the President and Directors of the Bank of New York, 28 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President and Directors of the Bank of New York\n[Philadelphia, September 28, 1794. On September 28, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Gulian Verplanck: \u201cInclosed is a Letter for the President & directors of the Bank of New York.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0255", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Gulian Verplanck, 28 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Verplanck, Gulian\nPhiladelphiaSep. 28. 1794\nDear Sir\nInclosed is a Letter for the President & directors of the Bank of New York. I have it at heart for various reasons as a matter very interesting to the public service that the loan requested should be made\u2014but I would not wish the Letter to be formally presented until it was certain there would be a compliance. For this reason I send it to you that you may sound the Directors before presenting it & present it or not as you find them disposed.\nThe rate of interest may perhaps appear exceptionable but it is of consequence to the Country & ultimately the interest of all monied institutions that the Government rate of Interest should be low. Beside this I shall postpone drawing for the money as long as possible which may render the loan in fact more profitable than is one to Individuals at six \u214c Cent.\nI will thank you for a reply as soon as may be; putting the initials of your name on the superscription of the Letter.\nYrs. with true esteem & regard\nA Hamilton\nPS. you will of course open the inclosed. I say this because it is directed to The President & Directors.\nG V Planck Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0256", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Ephraim Blaine, 29 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Blaine, Ephraim\nPhiladelphiaSep. 29. 1794\nDr. Sir\nThe President whom I have the honor to accompany leaves this place tomorrow for Carlisle, where he will probably remain three or four days. He wishes you to provide for him some convenient rooms (say three) during his stay. It will be most agreeable for them to be at a private house on the express condition that they are to be paid for; for The President will not by any means be accommodated on any other terms. If they cannot be had on these terms at a private house let the best thing possible be done at a Tavern.\nYours with esteem & regard\nA Hamilton\nEphraim Blaine Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0258", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Samuel Hodgdon, 29 September 1794\nFrom: Hodgdon, Samuel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, September 29, 1794. On September 30, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Hodgdon: \u201cI perceive by your return of yesterday that there is still a considerable deficiency of some essential articles for the Militia.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0259", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 29 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\n[Philadelphia, September 29, 1794. On September 30, 1794, Tench Coxe wrote to Hodgdon: \u201cPermit me to ask your greatest attention & exertion to fulfill the requests of the Secy. of the Treasury in his letter to you of the 29 inst.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0260", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Nourse, 29 September 1794\nFrom: Nourse, Joseph\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRegisters Office 29th septemr. 1794\nSir,\nI have the honor to enclose a Certificate of the sums issueable from the Treasury of the United states for the payment of Interest becoming due to the several creditors on the Books of the Treasury on the 30th September 1794 and to the Trustees for the redemption of the Public debt for Interest arising to the same period upon the stock standing in their names, and in the name of Samuel Meredith in trust for the United States.\ndollars\nTo the several Creditors\nTo the Trustees for the redemption of the public debt\nTotal sum issuable\nWith the greatest respect I am \u2003 Sir \u2003 your most obedient humble servt.\nThe Honble. Alexander Hamilton Esquiresecretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0261", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Smith, 29 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Smith, Samuel\nWar Department September 29th 1794\nSir.\nI have received your letter informing me of your determination to proceed to Frederick Town.\nIt is the wish of the President, that you proceed with the Militia under your command with all reasonable expedition to Fort Cumberland there to form a junction with that of Virginia, which he is desirous should not be delayed.\nOrders went yesterday to Mr. Gale by express to provide and forward to Fort Cumberland as many Jackets and Overalls of the description of those you mention as he can get there by the 15th of October. Supplies of the same articles will go immediately from hence. In short every thing possible will be done for the Comfort and accomodating of the Troops.\nWith great consideration & \u2003 esteem, I am Sir \u2003 Your Obt. Servant\nA Hamilton\nPS. I have accepted your drafts for 20,000 and 17,000 Dollars for the 1st of November & the 1st of December, which I presume will enable your friends to do the needful. It is expected that the Pennsylvania and Jersey Militia will unite at Carlisle the 5th of October whence they will immediately go to Bedford.\nGeneral S SmithFrederick Town", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0263", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 29 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTreasury Department29th September 1794\nSir\nBeing about to leave the seat of Government for a few Weeks to accompany the Army on its march against the Western Insurgents of Pennsylvania, I commit to you during my absence the management of those matters which are reserved to my superintendance under the constitution and regulations of the Department, especially the receipts and expenditures of money, and I rely upon your deligence and zeal, that nothing will suffer during my absence.\nWith regard to remissions & mitigations of penalties and forfeitures it will be best to avoid acting in any case in which particular inconvenience will not arise from delay, as there is not time to explain the priniciples which have governed in the past, and the course of policy may without such explanation be innovated upon, so as to occasion something like inconsistency. But in urgent cases you will act, consulting the most recent precedents in similar cases.\nTo preserve the usual forms I have signed and left in my Office a large number of Blank Warrants, of the different kinds which issue.\nInclosed is a letter to the President and Directors of the Bank of New York. If they agree to the loan you will conclude it. You will find in the Office a Power from the President for the purpose.\nIt will be regular in any contract which may be made to pursue the terms of the power as to parties.\nWith great consideration & esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obedient Servant\nA HamiltonSecy of the Treasy\nOliver Wolcott Esqr.Comptroller of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0265", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 30 September 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, September 30, 1794. Requests \u201ca warrant to issue for the sum of one hundred Dollars in favor of \u2026 Joel Gibbs with whom a contract has been made for seven hundred & sixty eight Hats for the Artillerists, being on a/count of the above mentioned contract.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0266", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 30 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, September 30, 1794. On October 1, 1794, Coxe wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI received \u2026 your letter of the 30~ Ulo. relative to the forwarding of the militia supplies.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0267", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 30 September 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNewport [Rhode Island] September 30, 1794. \u201cI acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 10th. of this month; I shall do every thing in my power to secure a just issue in the case of Pierce. It is not the practice in this State to strike juries.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0268", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 30 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\nWar departmentSeptember 30. 1794\nSir,\nIt is with regret I perceive by your return of yesterday that there is still a considerable deficiency of some essential articles for the Militia Army Knapsacks Canteens Musket Cartridges Blankets and shoes.\nI am to request that you will press forward additional supplies of these articles as fast as possible to Fort Cumberland and Carlisle proportioned to the number of Militia to assemble at those places respectively. Your object is to equip every man called for with one Knapsack or Valice and Canteen, one pair of shoes and thirty rounds of Musket Cartridges for every foot Soldier.\nWith regard to Blankets a number equal to half the whole number of Men called for will it is presumed suffice.\nI observe that the Virginia Militia are still deficient in Camp Kettles. It ought to be a primary object to make up that deficiency.\nWhen you have completed thirty rounds \u214c man of Cartridges you will forward an additional supply for the whole army equal to thirty rounds more by way of Carlisle and Bedford. The ammunition for the field pieces is also very defective. These ought to be at least thirty rounds \u214c piece.\nMr. Francis has been directed to make a further provision of the foregoing articles except ammunition and also to provide a number of woolen Jackets and Overalls which are also to be forwarded with all possible expedition proportionally to the before mentioned places. But after the 5. of October whatever is sent forward must take the route by Carlisle to Bedford. The supplies for the Southward therefore ought to be hastened on before that date. But no time should be lost in sending more ammunition to Carlisle.\nYou will also forward immediately one thousand of the Coats, two thousand of the Overalls and three thousand of the shirts you report to be on hand. Divide them between Fort Cumberland and Carlisle.\nI should be glad to have to morrow morning by 9 oClock a return of whatever you may have forwarded since the return of yesterday.\nIt is relied upon that this instruction will be executed to the full extent. The Instructions you may receive from Tench Coxe Esqr with regard to supplies till the return of the Secretary at War are to be complied with.\nYou will on the 5. of October forward by express to Carlisle a return of all the articles which you send on not included in the return you are requested to make to morrow and another by the post of Tuesday the 7. of October of every thing subsequently forwarded.\nNothing must be omitted to obtain with dispatch the means of transportation. All accounts prove that the Troops are a head of their supplies which is a very disagreeable circumstance.\nWith consideration and esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 your obedt. Servant\nAlexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasy\nSamuel Hodgdon Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0269", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Sim Lee, 30 September 1794\nFrom: Lee, Thomas Sim\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCouncil Chamber [Annapolis, Maryland]September 30th 1794.\nSir.\nThe enclosed copy of a Letter from Brigadier General Smith at Frederick Town will explain to you a variety of difficulties annexed to his situation which he seems to consider as sufficiently formidable to delay his march to the Ultimate place of rendezvous.\nMy view in transmitting to you a copy of this Communication is simply to afford the General Government an opportunity of removing as far as possible such of the alledged difficulties as have been beyond my power.\nThe enclosed Copy of my answer to his Letter will apprize you of the nature of my exertions for completing the Maryland Detachment and for effecting their accommodation and it will remain with the President to adopt such further arrangements with regard to the latter object as may be thought expedient for supplying what is yet deficient.\nI can truly say I have used every possible effort to gratify the objection of the General Government, and that I shall not in future omit any opportunity of giving it my utmost support and assistance.\nThe marked Inadequacy of our Militia Law has placed obstacles in my way which it has been impracticable wholly to surmount. I have endeavoured to meet this Inadequacy by every means that could be devised, but have not been able to succeed to the extent required. I have no doubt that General Smith upon receipt of my letter and the Medicine and Blankets from Baltimore, will take the earliest measures for getting in motion; and I feel a Confidence that the displeasure resulting from the disappointment of the expectations with which he received his Command will be but temporary.\nI am &c\nTho: S Lee\nThe HonbleAlexander HamiltonSecretary Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0270", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Richard Kidder Meade, [30 September 1794]\nFrom: Meade, Richard Kidder\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Frederick County, Virginia, September 30, 1794]\nMy dear Hamilton\nIt is some considerable time since I gratified myself with a letter to you. This short one I do not hesitate now to write in order to afford an intimate acquaintance of mine the pleasure he has long wish\u2019d of an introduction to the person of my friend. He is deeply attached to your politics & official character, to say no more, & I partake with him in the enjoyment he will derive in taking you by the hand. Mr. Lewis Burwell is the bearer & I can venture to introduce him as a good man & a good Citizen, most firmly well affected to our Constitution. I know my friend the nature of your office & your zeal to fill it perfectly in all its parts leaves you but little time to attend to other matters, but the anxiety of Mr. Burwell to make even a small acquaintance with you induc\u2019d me to trouble you with this letter, for which I will make no further apology. And now my Dear friend how do you do, how is my old acquaintance your better half & all your little offspring\u2014you are often in my mind & my heart is with you, I only lament that I cannot see you all. If you have not leisure to grant Us a line, send me word by some chance acquaintance, your number of Children, their Sexes & how you all do. I have added a fifth to my number since I wrote to you, a hearty male, & a very few months will furnish the half dozen, but I am not knowing enough in the business to foretel the kind. Present us in a friendly way to Mrs H., & I beg you my Dr Hamilton to believe that I am unalterably.\nYr truely Affece Friend\nR K Meade\nFrederick Septr 30th 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0271", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 30 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\n[Philadelphia] September 30, 1794. On October 2, 1794, Wolcott wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI have recd. your letter of Sept. 30th.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0273", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 1 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 1, 1794. Requests \u201cthat a warrant be issued in the name of Tench Francis Esqr. Agent for military purchases for twenty five Thousand Dollars.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0275", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Nourse, 2 October 1794\nFrom: Nourse, Joseph\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRegisters Office 2d. October 1794\nSir,\nI would beg leave to intimate that upon an adjustment of the several dividend accounts of the registered debt, the sum of Nineteen thousand and twenty nine dollars \u2075\u2077\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080 remained to be issued from the Treasury for payment of interest and arrearages of Interest to the 1st October 1794; but as only a part of the Arrearages will be called for in the course of the present Quarter; I wou\u2019d recommend that a Warrant for five thousand dollars be issued in favour of John Kean Esqr Cashier of the Bank of the United states, he to be held accountable for the expenditure being with great respect, sir,\nYour most obedient & most humble servant\nJ N\nHonble Alexr Hamilton Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury\ndollars\narrearages of Interest due on the several Quarterly dividends on the 30th Septr 1794\nQuarter Yearly dividend from 1st. July 1794 to 30th September following\nTotal payable 1st October 1794 Dolls\ndeduct balance cash in the hands of the Cashier of the Bank of the United states on the 1st October 1794\nLeaves the amot as within stated", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0276", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 2 October 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] Oct. 2d. 1794\nI have recd. your Letter of Sept. 30th. & have lost no time in causing Notes to be prepared for the remittances directed to be made to Genl. Miller & Mr. Williams, which will go forward tomorrow by Colo. Presley Nevil to whom a reasonable compensation has been promised.\nI expect to be able to forward ninety thousand Dollars by the same conveyance to Fort Cumberland for the pay of the army.\nI judge it proper to transmit Copies of papers relating to a heavy requisition from Elliot & Williams on acot. of their Contract for the Army. I understand that this is exclusive of about 40000 Dollars for which Mr. Smiths bills are registered in your Office. If you have it in your power I must request you to advise & instruct me on this subject.\nGenl. Knox is expected this Evening.\nI have the honor to be with perfect respect \u2003 Sir \u2003 &c\nThe Hon A H", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0277", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 4 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nT. D. R. O. October 4 1794\nSir\nYou will receive by this express a copy of a letter to me from Mr. Gale.\nA letter has been sent from your Office, from Col. Carrington to you a copy is enclosed. Major Hodgdon whom I have seen, assured me 5 or 6000 blankets have gone forward; the last this day. Ten bales containing as he supposed 1600 more have arrived from N. York, & are in good time, as he could not get more off than have this day gone. He says that Invoices of all parcels were sent with them. The Arms had gone before this letter was received from Mr. Carrington. Mr. Hodgdon informs me that he sends you daily an account of what he forwards.\nI have not received any information from Mr. Stagg relative to the Objects of your letter of the 30th. I made this day another unsuccessful call to see him. He was absent on business. The Clerk with whom I left the request for the tellers, said he had informed him of my request.\nThe Money for Mr. Gale (3000 Dolls.) had been applied for by the exhibition of his letter at your Office.\nI have cautioned Mr. Gale to take care that the disease at Baltimore be not communicated to the Militia by the clothing from there.\nIt appears to me expedient that the agency or Commissareate for 1795 should be considered if not filled while the President is to the westward. Several of Gen. Wilkins\u2019s friends wish the situation for him. Mr. Ross particularly. I have the honor to be\nSir your mo. obedt. Servt.\nT. Coxe C. R:\nThe Secty. of the Treasy.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0278", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Lee, 4 October [1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Henry\nCarlisle [Pennsylvania] Oct 4 [1794]\nMy Dear Lee\nThere is something about our friend Smith that perplexes and distresses me. I cannot suppose any thing wrong yet it is certain that he has done nothing but paint black from the beginning. However the force of Maryland may be suffered to melt away it is a consolation that a sufficient force will be had elsewhere. Smith is mistaken when he supposes Pensylvania will do nothing. She has now on the ground 1500 men & there is every probability of another 1500 by the 10th instant. Jersey has here also 500 horse & 500 infantry & another Regiment of infantry will be here by the 10th. In my opinion this force alone would be fully adequate to the object though I hold with you the principle sacred that nothing is to be risked, & therefore felicitate you & myself on the prospect of a more adequate force. In the humour Friend Smith seems to be in it may be adviseable to facilitate to him a return to Maryland.\nAdieu\nA Hamilton\nGovr. Lee", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0279", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Nicholaas Van Staphorst, 4 October 1794\nFrom: Van Staphorst, Nicholaas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nAmsterdam 4 October 1794.\nSir!\nThe difference of opinion between the several Gentlemen constituting the joint Correspondents of the United States of America, for the Department of Finance, about the Doctrine of Liberty and Equality, and every other Matter relating to the French Revolution, is the cause of your not receiving from us such compleat communications and advice of the situation of things, as might otherwise be necessary.\nI venture to give you a private account of my thoughts on that subject, in hopes of it\u2019s proving in some manner useful to you as Secretary of the Treasury. And I am the more induced to it, on account of some merits, I think I can claim from the United States, above my Copartners, (except my Brother, who being banished from this Country these seven years past, is prevented from taking an active part in the business) by the very warm Interest I took during the American War, in the fortunate issue of that grand Insurrection for the Cause of liberty, and by having been accessary to it, According to the Circumstances, We then were in, at a period when, Mr. Hubbard was not yet in Holland, and when the Contest was still a matter of perfect indifference to Messrs. Willinks.\nThat sacred flame of Liberty, is still glowing in my bosom, and has received additional purity from the important examples set forth by the French Revolution, as well in regard to the cause and magnitude of the Evil, which is common to all the European Nations, as with respect to the infaillible means of redress, from the Adhibition of those forces, every people is possessed of. From these motives I am as eager a partizan to the rights of man, and the principles of liberty and equality, brought to light and put into practice by the People of France, as I have been to American Freedom. And I omitted none of those exertions, the fatal Circumstances, We hitherto laboured under, would allow me to use, with the assistance of some Friends, who agreed with me in this point, to make those principles known among our Countrymen, and to render the same acceptable to them. In which our efforts have not been fruitless.\nThis labour has given me more insight in politics, and enables me to impart to you better information, or at least with more intimate Conviction and upon good grounds, of the actual Situation of our Country and of what you may expect from us in your Character.\nThe French are upon our frontiers, and even in the territory of the generality on the left Bank of the Mase.\nThe Dutch army is so far reduced, that they would not be able to draw five thousand Men into the field, besides the garrisons, of the frontier places not yet conquered, and those of the interior Cities, where they cannot oppose the Enemy, and are solely employed in supporting the Authority of our Aristocratic Government.\nThe English Army under the Duke of York, is indeed not quite ruined, and if well employed, might still hinder the French very much in crossing the Rivers. But it is so deficient in point of Courage and Discipline, as to spoil and plunder those it was sent to protect. There is no doubt but it will set to flight at the first serious attempt the French may make upon it.\nOf the dear purchased Sixty two thousand Prussian troops, who were chiefly intended to defend this Country, not a single man came in it.\nThe Austrian Army at the Mase has been of late so completely beaten, as to be in full retreat towards the Rhine, and wishes most ardently to enjoy some repose on the other side of that River.\nSuch Sir, is our present situation abroad. At home, a general discontent prevails, and the people are prepared for an insurrection: which I dare say, will break out as soon as the French will have crossed the Rivers in any point.\nAs this may be shortly looked for, you may likewise expect to hear by the first accounts from hence, that the Revolution will have been effected: that We will thereby be very narrowly connected with France; that their Friends will have become our Friends, and their Enemies our Enemies. I am sanguine, the Revolution itself may be compleated without great Struggle, or the shedding of much blood. But the consequences it will have on the situation of this Country, and it\u2019s inhabitants, will be most important, especially in point of the means of subsistance and the fortunes of the rich people.\nWe are to meet the public finances in the most shocking condition, and loaded with enormous Debts. For this We shall have to make provision, and to circumscribe our expenditure in proportion to the revenue. The revenue system itself must be established on a different principle. The plain citizen, the industrious tradesman, the husbandman, and in general the lower class of Citizens must be releaved from the burthensome taxes, and on the contrary the wealthy and rich must be more charged in proportion to their income. This will of course occasion a considerable reduction in the surplus they annually invested in New Loans.\nIt is not quite unprobable that some Powers, as Austria and Russia, seeing they are to expect no more assistance from the Dutch, will pay no further interest, and be unable to redeem the Capital.\nFreedom will I hope be attended here with the same consequences as in America, it will prove an incitement to Industry and Activity, and offer an opening for employing Funds to advantages, that are now invested in Foreign Loans.\nThese are considerations that make me apprehend that in the period now to come, hardly any foreign negotiation will be practicable.\nIt is true, that if any thing in that Line will be possible, it will be for America. But in my opinion it would be imprudent to calculate upon it, at least for the next year. Of consequence I fear that it will be impossible to do any thing towards the execution of your late Order for the Treaty with Algiers. On the contrary I think You may be under the necessity of making provision for the whole amount of Interest and reimbursmt. falling due in 1795, over and above the Balance that will remain due to the United States. I will be happy if in this respect, things turn out the reverse from what I think they will. But I conceived it my duty rather to give you this circumstantial communication, and considering the possibility of a different issue. If I was allowed to give you an advice, it would be to direct Mr Adams or any body else, at all times to watch the favorable opportunities, and to avail the United States thereof; for such sums of Money as their service may require, with such stipulations of Interest and Charges as you think proper. For want of a similar precaution, it may happen that some propitious moment may slip by unimproved, through the delay of writing to and from America.\nWhen the Revolution I expect to take place shortly, will have happened, my further addressing you in private will be needless. I shall then no more fear to suppeditate such Ideas as will from time, to time appear to me, proper to be inserted in our Letters to You.\nI have only to add, that I dare boldly assure You, that no manner of danger attends the moneys belonging to the United States in the hands of Messrs Willinks and my house by what will happen: and further that I remain with great esteem\nSir! \u2003 Your most obedient servant\nNics: van Staphorst.\nAlexr. Hamilton Esqr, Secreta. of the Treasury U.S.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0280", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Alexander J. Dallas, [6 October 1794]\nFrom: Dallas, Alexander J.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Carlisle, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1794]\nSir\nI have the honor to transmit, for the perusal of the President, the original papers received by Mr Laing, from the County of Fayette, and a copy of the answer, which was sent by the Governors directions.\nCarlysle6 Octr: 94To Alexr Hamilton Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0281", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n[Carlisle, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1794. On October 8, 1794, Randolph wrote to William Rawle: \u201cThe Secretary of State \u2026 has the honor to communicate \u2026 the following Extract of a letter of the 6th instant this moment received from the Secretary of the Treasury.\u2026\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0282", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Charles Wilkes, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Wilkes, Charles\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[New, York, October 6, 1794. On October 8, 1794, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., wrote to Wilkes: \u201cI have had the pleasure to receive your Letter of the 6th Instant addressed to the Secretary of the Treasury.\u2026\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0283", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 7 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 7, 1794. Requests \u201cthat a remittance of three thousand Dollars may be made to \u2026 Mr. Terence Reiley on a/count of the contract for clothing made with him.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0284", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, 7 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\nCarlisle [Pennsylvania] October 7. 1794\nSir\nIt is with distress I find that the troops are every where a head of their supplies. Not a shoe, blanket or ounce of ammunition destined for this place is yet arrived\u2014except what Mr. Wright conductor for the Pensylvania division brought on with him. I begin to fear infidelity in some of your conductors of Waggons. For Heaven sake send forward a man that can be depended upon on each route to hasten them on. My expectations have been egregiously disappointed.\nWith consideration & esteem \u2003 I am sir \u2003 Your obed ser\nA Hamilton\nSamuel Hodgsdon Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0286", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Whipple, 7 October 1794\nFrom: Whipple, Joseph\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPortsmouth [New Hampshire] October 7, 1794. \u201cI enclose you a Statement of Payments on Account of the Fortifications for the harbour of Portsmouth (to the 4th. instant), amounting to Dolls 2229 \u00b2\u2074\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080 dollars. The estimated amount of the expence of compleating the Work directed \u2026 is 348 dollars.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0287", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 7 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\n[Carlisle, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1794. On October 11, 1794, Wolcott wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI have recd. your favour dated 7: & 8: inst.\u201d Letter of October 7 not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0288", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 8 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nT: D: R: O: October 8th 1794\nSir,\nI have the honor to enclose to you the eight following contracts.\nVizt.\nMathew Spillard for the supply of Rations at Philada. fm. 1st April 1794\nJohn Tinsley for 5000 Cartridge Boxes\nSamuel Hughes of Maryland for Cannon.\n  James Byers of\n  Massachusts.\n  for ten\n  Brass\n  Howitz.\n  Paul Revere of\n  Ditto\n  for ten\n  Ditto.\nJohn J. Feach & Co. of N. Jersey for Cannon Ball & Iron ballast\nCopy of an Agreemt. of commutation with G & J: Gilberts to furnish Artillery Coats dated July 28th 1794\nContract with Joel Gibbs of N. Jersey for 768 Artillery Hats\nAnd to be with great respect \u2003 Sir \u2003 your mo. Obt. Servant\nT. Coxe C: R:\nThe Secy. of the Treasy.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0289", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 8 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 8, 1794. Requests \u201ca remittance to John S. Dexter Esqr. Supervisor of Rd. Island, for the purpose of making a payment of eight thousand Dollars to Brown & Francis & others owners of the Furnace Hope, on account of a contract for supplying cannon for the Frigates and Fortifications.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0290", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 8 October 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia 8 Oct 1794\nMy dear Sir\nYour exertions in my department during my absence will never be obliterated. I regret my long stay. If things shall be so serious as to require the President to go forward, I hope I may be indulged in joining him. I have not seen Mr. Jays dispatches.\nI am yours affectionately\nH Knox\nColo Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0291", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Knox, 8 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Knox, Henry\nCarlisle [Pennsylvania] October 8, 1794\nMy Dear General\nHodgsdon is a worthy man but between us incompetent to a great operation. It is impossible in my judgment that transportation should be so difficult to procure as he makes it. The troops are every where a head of their supplies.\nBefore I left Town I directed some Cloathing to be forwarded. Not an iota of them has arrived or that I can find had been sent so late as the 6th & some of the Militia must remain from nakedness. He seems to me to content himself with waiting for the waggons that come to look for him without sending in quest of them. If Pensylvania Waggons were scarce Jersey ones might have been had to bring on the supplies destined for this place. For Gods sake My Dear Sir see to the affair. Let some cloathing come forward\u2014 I mean coats or Jackets & Overalls & some shirts. They are in store & there can be no good excuse for the delay. One half the blankets directed may be retained, For there is not so great a want of this article as was expected.\nAdieu \u2003 God bless you\nA Hamilton\nP. The waggons go now at the rate only of 15 Miles a day. I have some destined from this place go at the rate of 20 by promising an extra compensation proportioned to their celerity.\nGeneral Knox", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0293", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Ephraim Blaine, 9 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Blaine, Ephraim\nCarlisle [Pennsylvania] October 9. 1794\nSir\nYou have herewith a letter of credit upon Mr. Dallas for three or four thousand Dollars. Of these you will advance to the Governor of New Jersey two thousand Dollars for which you will take his receipt. The residue will be for your use, except what may be necessary to pay for about Twenty dozen pair of Stockings which Mr. Gamble has been directed to procure & for which he will give orders upon you.\nWith consideration & esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obedt Servant\nA Hamilton\nCol. E Blaine", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0295", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Ephraim Blaine, 10 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Blaine, Ephraim\nCarlisle [Pennsylvania] October 10 1794\nSir\nInclosed is an account which has been presented to me in order that provision might be made for the payment the whole amounts to seventeen pounds 13 Shillings & 6 pence. It is represented as relating altogether to sick persons of the New Jersey line. I have desired the surgeon to refer the persons to you. When they apply you will desire them to present their accounts which you will please to pay. But you will have the items of the accounts examined & if there are any for any other object than the board & subsistence of sick soldiers you will please to note them & forward me an abstract of such items. You will please to understand that you are in no case to exceed the sum stated in the inclosed list.\nWith consideration & esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obed serv\nA Hamilton\nCol E Blaine", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0296", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 10 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 10, 1794. \u201cThe Advertiset. for the military supply of Clothing for 1795 was predicated upon that from yr. office for 1794, there being at the time no regular requisition from you for the purchase. It is observed now, that no blankets were included in the advert. from this office. The contract being about to be closed it is wished to know what has been the mode by wh. the Blankets for 1794 were supplied.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0297", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Elizabeth Hamilton, 10 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hamilton, Elizabeth\nCarlisle [Pennsylvania] Oct 10 1794\nMy Loved Eliza\nTomorrow we leave this for Fort Cumberland. We are very strong & the Insurgents are all submissive so that you may be perfectly tranquil. My health thank God is excellent. But I have heared from you only once. You must continue to write to this place sending your letters to General Knox to forward to me. God bless you & my dear Children.\nYr. ever affect\nA H\nMrs. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0298", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jared Ingersoll, 10 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ingersoll, Jared\nCarlisle [Pennsylvania] October 10th. 1794\nSir\nThe President directs me in reply to your letter of this day to observe that nothing can be more proper than that the party by whom the homicide was done should be placed under the disposition of the civil Magistrate. It is only desireable that this course may be so conducted as to satisfy reasonably all the considerations which are connected with the case. It is understood that Judge Yates of the Supreme Court of Pensylvania is now on the spot, and it is not doubted that he will treat the subject according to its true merits and the real nature of the circumstances.\nThe proper step will be taken to cause the party to be surrendered to that Magistrate.\nWith great consideration & esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obed servant\nAlex Hamilton\nJared Ingersoll EsquireAtty. General of Pensylvania", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0300", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Ephraim Blaine, 11 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Blaine, Ephraim\nCarlisle [Pennsylvania] October 111794\nSir\nThere are in the store at this place under the care of Capt Gamble or Mr. Parker sundry Quarter Master\u2019s articles as Campkettles Knapsacks Canteens &c. which you will please to take under your direction and leaving a small supply here for accidental calls (the most of the troops being now up) You will cause the Residue to be forwarded to Bedford without delay. The same must be done with any of the like articles which may hereafter arrive. They will probably come addressed to Mr. Parker who is directed to report to You or Your Agent\u2014But for fear of neglect it will be well for daily inquiries to be made of Mr. Parker.\nI am with great esteem \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your obed ser\nA Hamilton\nI hope for all possible dispatch in hastening forward the supply.\nCol E Blaine", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0301", "content": "Title: George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 11 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n[Carlisle, Pennsylvania, October 11, 1794. On October 14, 1794, Randolph wrote to Washington: \u201cAt eight o\u2019clock last night I was honored by Colo. Hamilton\u2019s public letter of the 11th instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0302", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 11 October 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nSir\nI have recd. your favour dated the 7: & 8: inst: & shall carefully attend to all your directions.\nI find that owing to some neglect, your letter to the Bank of New York was not recd. A duplicate which I transmitted produced a cordial & prompt compliance; this accounts for a delay, which at one time I feared was owing to a reluctance to advance the sum requested.\nIt was not intended by me to intimate that Col: Nevil would act as Pay Master; he was engaged to take charge of the remittances to Mr. Williams & Genl Miller & promised a compensation merely for that service.\nThe warrants for 90 M Drs for the pay of Genl Wayne\u2019s army, have been issued & the notes made out. The Secretary of War will forward them to the army.\nI have issued 50 M Drs. for the pay of the militia army, which will also be sent forward as soon as possible. The Cashier of the Bank being indisposed, & a sum in small notes sufficient for the payment not being obtainable I fear some little delay. I have however advised the War dept. to attempt an exchange of the large notes of the Bank of the U: S: for small notes of the other banks this being the best thing that can be done under present circumstances & preferable to a remittance in specie.\nI did not know that Mr. Gale was in want of money or it would have been furnished. He has however lately recd. 40 M Drs. & I presume has suffered no inconvenience.\nI have issued 10000 Drs. to Whelen & Miller on a presing application from Elie Williams for the transport service dated the 1: instant.\nIt was not possible for me to judge whether the 25 M Drs. directed to be issued by you had been counted on, when Mr. Williams wrote. It may prevent mistakes & too great an expenditure if you adopt measures for combining the estimates for the provision dept. & Transport service into one view & requesting them to be addressed to you in person while you remain with the army.\nI think that I may assure you that the means of the Treasury are adequate to any emergency that can be foreseen at present.\nI am with perfect respect sir \u2003 Yr. obt sert.\nO W Jn.\nHon: Alex Hamilton Esqrat Head Quarters of the Army", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0303", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 13 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 13, 1794. Requests \u201cthat the sum of five thousd. dolls. be transmitted to Jacob Sheafe Esqr. Naval Agent at Portsmouth N. Hamp. the same being retained to this time on a/count of the late change of the Naval agency at that place.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0305", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Fitzgerald, 13 October 1794\nFrom: Fitzgerald, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Alexandria, Virginia, October 13, 1794. On October 28, 1794, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., wrote to Fitzgerald: \u201cYour letter of the 13th instant to the Secy of the Treasury has been rec\u2019d in this office.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0307", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 14 October 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, October 14, 1794. \u201cLetters were yesterday recd. from our Bankers at Amsterdam dated July 1st. & 15th. and August 1st. & 18th.\u2026 Mr. Willing advised me some time since not to reduce the price of Excha. on Amsterdam\u2014the bills however were not sold the last time I inquired. I shall make a further inquiry on the subject. I cannot be certain from an Examination of the statement made by Mr. Myer, in your Office, that funds are retained for all the demands arising in Amsterdam. It may therefore be safest for you to inform me, whether I understand you right\u2014that all the sums recd. after June 1, 1794 may be drawn for.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0308", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 15 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 15, 1794. \u201cIt is the opinion of the Secy at War that provisions in advance amounting to 37,000 Drs must be forthwith laid in by the contractors for 1795. I have the honor to request an advance to them (Messrs. Scott & Ernest) to that amount.\u2026 I have the honor to enclose a letter from the Secy. of War wh. having relation to advances of Provisions & consequently to advances of money it is proper that you should possess it.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0309", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 15 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 15, 1794. The clothing contractors for the Service of 1795 have requested of me to procure them an advance of 15 or 20,000 Dols.\u2026 I wish part of that sum to be advanced to them as may be convenient. The articles they are to supply will amount to about 120, 000 Drs. in all.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0310", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 15 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 15, 1794. \u201cIt appears extremely probable that the supply of Whiskey for 1795 may require some share of your attention at Pittsburg. Mr. Carrington was authorized to procure the whole in consequence of the disorders which prevailed in the western parts of Pennsylvania.\u2026 75,000 rations are required this day by the Secy. at War to be deposited in advance at Fort Washington for the service of 1795 of which I have given Mr Carrington notice. Messrs. Scott & Ernest are also required to furnish at the post 111.000 rations, & at Pittsburg 3600 rations for wh they have asked the amot: of 37,000 Drs. For this I have made application at your office. Very great importations of bale goods are received & expected from G Britain; so that the clothing contractors are much pleased, and do not expect to import much if any goods.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0311", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Mifflin, 17 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Mifflin, Thomas\nFort Cumberland [Pennsylvania]October 17. 1794\nSir\nThe President directs me to acknowlege the receipt of your letter of the 16th\u2014enclosing one from Governor Howel.\nThe Quarter-Master & Commissary General will leave this place early in the Morning for Bedford to endeavour to remedy any defects which may exist.\nYou observe that Col Blaine has not been with the Column. I am sure I understood from him & I think I did from Col Biddle that the latter had agreed to take charge of the column in his place to Bedford. As to Mr. Postlethwaite I know not what can explain his absence.\nThe embarrassments which are experienced demonstrate the necessity of reducing the number of baggage waggons (which is so great as to defeat the operation) in order that the surplus ones may be applied to the objects of supply.\nWith great respect \u2003 & \u2003 esteem \u2003 I have the honor \u2003 to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your obed ser\nA Hamilton\nPS \u2003 Impress must be used where purchases are inadequate.\nHis Excelly Governor Mifflin", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0312", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 17 October 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhila. Oct. 17th. 1794\nSir\nI judge it proper to keep you apprised of every thing material which occurs in the department and therefore enclose you copies of two letters from the Secretary at war on which Mr. Coxe has requested that 37,000 dollars may be advanced to the Contractor for rations and 15,000 or 20,000 dollars to the Contractor for cloathing for the year 1795. As there is no special appropriation, it will be necessary to request informal advances of the Bank, if the urgency of the demand shall require something to be done, before I can receive your opinion and advice.\nI am embarrassed in determining what rate of exchange ought to be established for governing the sales of bills of exchange on Amsterdam. On inquiry of Mr. Simpson I find, that by the last advices the current exchange between London and Amsterdam was 40 schgs 9 grts. \u214c \u00a3 Sterling. This estimating the par of exchange at 34 schs. 3 grts. would make the exchange against Amsterdam nearly 16 \u214ccent.\nThe exchange between London and Philadelphia is at this time at about 182\u00bd and will probably fall, and this will operate against the sale of our bills on amsterdam as there will be few or no purchasers except with a view to remittances to London.\nThe events of the war are such that there is little prospect of a fall of exchange between Amsterdam & London or of a demand for remittances to Amsterdam from this Country. You are apprised of all the reasons which render it adviseable to command the funds here, and can judge how far it may be necessary to reduce the price to accomplish this object.\nI shall receive the opinion of Mr. Willing this day on this subject, and with his advice, I shall consent to sales at 40 cents and 5 mills \u214c guilder. If sales cannot be made at this rate, I shall wait for your special direction.\nI am\nO: W:\nHon A. H. Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0314", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Amos Marsh, 18 October 1794\nFrom: Marsh, Amos\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBennington [Vermont] October 18, 1794. \u201cNoah Smith Esquire has signified to me, that he has resigned the Office of Supervisor of this District. Cephus Smith, Junr. Esquire of Rutland, wishes to obtain the appointment to that Office. He is a Gentleman of Education Integrity and ability. I can therefore recommend him as a person well qualified to discharge all the duties of a Supervisor. He is a reputable practitioner of Law, and is Thirty Three Years of Age.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0315", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Elizabeth Hamilton, 20 October [1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hamilton, Elizabeth\nBedford [Pennsylvania] Oct 20 [1794]\nI thank you my beloved for your letter of the 14th. I am very sorry that some of my sweet angels have been again sick. You do not mention my precious John. I hope he continues well.\nThe day after tomorrow I march with the army. Be assured that there is not the least appearance of opposition from the Insurgents & that I shall take the greatest care of myself & I hope by the Middle of November to return. Have patience my love & think of me constantly as I do of you with the utmost tenderness.\nKisses & blessings without number to You & my Children\nA Hamilton\nMrs. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0316", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Hill, 20 October 1794\nFrom: Hill, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Wilmington, North Carolina, October 20, 1794. On December 15, 1794, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., wrote to Hill: \u201cYour favour of Oct. 20th. addressed to the Secretary of the Treasury, has been rec\u2019d.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0317", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Lee, 20 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Henry\nBedford [Pennsylvania] 20th October 1794.\nSir,\nI have it in special instruction from the President of the United States, now at this place, to convey to you on his behalf, the following instructions for the general direction of your conduct in the command of the Militia army, with which you are charged.\nThe objects for which the militia have been called forth are.\n1. To suppress the combinations which exist in some of the western counties in Pennsylvania in opposition to the laws laying duties upon spirits distilled within the United States and upon Stills.\n2. To cause the laws to be executed.\nThese objects are to be effected in two ways\u2014\n1. By military force.\n2. By judiciary process, and other civil proceedings.\nThe objects of the military force are twofold.\n1. To overcome any armed opposition which may exist.\n2. To countenance and support the civil officers in the means of executing the laws.\nWith a view to the first of these two objects, you will proceed as speedily as may be, with the army under your command, into the insurgent counties to attack, and as far as shall be in your power subdue, all persons whom you may find in arms, in opposition to the laws above mentioned. You will march your army in two columns, from the places where they are now assembled, by the most convenient routes, having regard to the nature of the roads, the convenience of supply, and the facility of co-operation and union; and bearing in mind, that you ought to act, till the contrary shall be fully develloped, on the general principle of having to contend with the whole force of the Counties of Fayette, Westmoreland, Washington and Alleghany, and of that part of Bedford which lies westward of the town of Bedford; and that you are to put as little as possible to hazard. The approximation, therefore, of your columns, is to be sought, and the subdivision of them, so as to place the parts out of mutual supporting distance, to be avoided as far as local circumstances will permit. Parkinson\u2019s Ferry appears to be a proper point, towards which to direct the march of the column for the purpose of ulterior measures.\nWhen arrived within the insurgent Country, if an armed opposItion appear, it may be proper to publish a proclamation, inviting all good citizens, friends of the Constitution and laws, to join the standard of the United States. If no armed opposition exist, it may still be proper to publish a proclamation, exhorting to a peaceable and dutiful demeanour, and giving assurances of performing, with good faith and liberality, whatsoever may have been promised by the Commissioners to those who have complied with the conditions prescribed by them, and who have not forfeited their title by subsequent misconduct.\nOf those persons in arms, if any, whom you may make prisoners; leaders, including all persons in command, are to be delivered up to the civil magistrate: the rest to be disarmed, admonished and sent home (except such as may have been particularly violent and also influential) causing their own recognizances for their good behaviour to be taken, in the cases in which it may be deemed expedient.\nWith a view to the second point, namely, \u201cthe countenance and support of the civil officers, in the means of executing the laws,\u201d you will make such dispositions as shall appear proper to countenance and protect, and, if necessary and required by them, to support and aid the civil officers in the execution of their respective duties; for bringing offenders and delinquents to justice; for seizing the stills of delinquent distillers, as far as the same shall be deemed eligible by the supervisor of the Revenue, or chief-officer of Inspection; and also for conveying to places of safe custody, such persons as may be apprehended and not admitted to bail.\nThe objects of judiciary process and other civil proceedings, will be,\n1. To bring offenders to Justice.\n2. To enforce penalties on delinquent distillers by suit.\n3. To enforce the penalty of forfeiture on the same persons by seizure of their stills and spirits.\nThe better to effect these purposes, the Judge of the District, Richard Peters Esquire, and the Attorney of the district, William Rawle Esquire, accompany the army.\nYou are aware that the Judge cannot be controuled in his functions. But I count on his disposition to cooperate in such a general plan as shall appear to you consistent with the policy of the case. But your method of giving a direction to legal proceedings, according to your general plan, will be by instruction to the District Attorney.\nHe ought particularly to be instructed, (with due regard to time and circumstance)\u20141st to procure to be arrested, all influential actors in riots and unlawful assemblies, relating to the insurrection, and combinations to resist the laws; or having for object to abet that insurrection, and those combinations; and who shall not have complied with the terms offered by the Commisioners; or manifested their repentance in some other way, which you may deem satisfactory. 2dly. To cause process to issue for enforcing penalties on delinquent distillers. 3d. To cause offenders, who may be arrested, to be conveyed to goals where there will be no danger of rescue: those for misdemeanors to the goals of York and Lancaster; those for capital offences to the goal of Philadelphia, as more secure than the others. 4th. To prosecute indictable offences in the Courts of the United States\u2014 those for penalties on delinquents, under the laws beforementioned, in the courts of Pennsylvania.\nAs a guide in the case, the District Attorney has with him a list of the persons who have availed themselves of the offers of the Commissioners on the day appointed.\nThe seizure of Stills is the province of the Supervisor and other officers of Inspection. It is difficult to chalk out the precise line concerning it. There are opposite considerations which will require to be nicely balanced, and which must be judged of by those officers on the spot. It may be found useful to confine the seizures to stills of the most leading and refactory distillers. It may be adviseable to extend them far in the most refractory County.\nWhen the insurrection is subdued, and the requisite means have been put in execution to secure obedience to the laws, so as to render it proper for the army to retire (an event which you will accelerate as much as shall be consistent with the object) you will endeavour to make an arrangement for detaching such a force as you deem adequate; to be stationed within the disaffected Country, in such manner as best to afford protection to well-disposed Citizens, and to the officers of the revenue, and to repress by their presence, the spirit of riot & opposition to the laws.\nBut before you withdraw the army, you will promise on behalf of the President a general pardon to all such as shall not have been arrested, with such exceptions as you shall deem proper. The promise must be so guarded as not to affect pecuniary claims under the revenue laws. In this measure, it is adviseable there should be a cooperation with the Governor of Pennsylvania.\nOn the return of the army, you will adopt some convenient and certain arrangement for restoring to the public magazines the arms, accoutrements, military stores, tents & other articles of camp equipage, and entrenching tools which have been furnished & shall not have been consumed or lost.\nYou are to exert yourself by all possible means to preserve discipline among the troops, particularly a scrupulous regard to the rights of persons and property and a respect for the authority of the civil magistrate; taking especial care to inculcate and cause to be observed this principle, that the duties of the army are confined to the attacking and subduing of armed opponents of the laws, and to the supporting and aiding of the civil officers in the execution of their functions.\nIt has been settled that the Governor of Pennsylvania will be second, the Governor of New Jersey third in command; and that the troops of the several States in line, on the march and upon detachment, are to be posted according to the rule which prevailed in the army during the late war\u2014namely\u2014in moving towards the seaboard, the most Southern troops will take the right\u2014in moving westward, the most Northern will take the right.\nThese general instructions, however, are to be considered as liable to such alterations and deviations in the detail as from local and other causes may be found necessary the better to effect the main object upon the general principles which have been indicated.\nWith great respect \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir, \u2003 Your Obedt. Servt.\nAlex. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0318", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Ephraim Blaine, 21 October 1794\nFrom: Blaine, Ephraim\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBedford [Pennsylvania] 21st. Octr. 1794\nSir\nAs they army are to March in two Collums, and the Quarter Master Genl takes the Immediate charge of the right wing I conclude my Services will be no longer Necessary, and the Quarter Master Genl can have the Assistance of the Quartermaster General of the State with his Deputies who are Numerous and I presume if well managed will be Sufficient therefore I beg leave to inform you that I shall have nothing further to do with this business after this day and too-morrow. I shall use every Exertion to lay in Sufficient Supplies at the first Encampment from this place, also take charge of the Magazines of Forrage at Ryans upon the Penna. road to Carlisle which I presume will be the route the right Collum of they army will retun. There is three thousand Bushls. of Oats purchased by One of my Deputies in the Glades which will be Colected at the most Convenient places where the troops are to Encamp.\nWas I disposed to serve as a Deputy in any of Staff department of the army, no One Sooner than Genl. Miller\u2014but I think my Exertions and Knowledge of the County Merrited more, I [am] at Ryans thirteen Miles west of Bedford upon the Penna. Road to Carlisle.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0319", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 21 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 21, 1794. \u201cMessrs. Thos. Billington & Guy Bryan, having contracted for the general clothing for 1795 the Blankets excepted, they have requested an advance of 15 or 20,000 Dols.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0320", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 21 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 21, 1794. \u201cBy desire of T. Francis Esqr. agent I have the honor to request that a warrant may be issued in his name for twenty five thousd. Dollars for the public service.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0321", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Pinckney, 21 October 1794\nFrom: Pinckney, Thomas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[London, October 21, 1794. On January 21 1795, Hamilton wrote to Pinckney: \u201cYour letter of the 21st of October by duplicates \u2026 has recently come to hand.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0322", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 21 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nHartley\u2019s Tuesday Even\u27e8ing\u27e921st. October 1794\nDear Sir,\nFrom Colo. Mentges\u2019 information, there are detachments of Militia a considerable distance in the rear; compose\u27e8d\u27e9 in part, of those whose march was designe\u27e8d\u27e9 to be arrested. He adds, many of them are illy clad. This being the case, it appears to me, that an expence, without an equivalent advantage, would result from bringing them forward; and that the cloaths which they must draw to fit them for service woul\u27e8d\u27e9 actually be thrown away.\nUnder this view of the matter, and a full persuation that the Army which is alr\u27e8ea\u27e9dy advanced, is more than competent to an\u27e8y\u27e9 opposition that can be given by the Insurgen\u27e8ts\u27e9 I request that you would advise with Governors Mifflin & Howell (after receiving the f\u27e8ul\u27e9lest information from Mentges) and cause all, which in your opinions cannot be up in time, all who are inadequately cloathed in the rear\u2014and in a word, all who do not, upon mature consideration of circumstances appear to be essential to return, that the Country may not be unnecessarily burthened with the cloathing, pay and rations of them.\nOpen all letters of a public natu\u27e8re\u27e9 which may come to the army addressed to \u27e8me\u27e9\u2014and such as are in the Military line a\u27e8nd\u27e9 relating to the business you are upon, \u27e8turn\u27e9 over to the Commanding General.\nI am &ca. &ca.\nGo: W\u27e8ashington\u27e9\nColo. Ham\u27e8ilton\u27e9", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0323", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 22 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nT: D: R O October 22d. 1794\nSir\nHaving contracted for a number of vessels for the timber for the Frigates in the middle & Southern States, and having written to authorize the procuring a proportionate quantity for Boston and Portsmouth N: H: I am mortified & somewhat embarrassed by the receipt of a letter of which a copy is enclosed from Mr. Morgan. He sailed from Philada. on the 14~ of June. The agents messr. Habersham & Clay have notified the contracts to have been made as of the 2d Septbr. since wh. I have not a line from them or Mr. Morgan till this day. No copies of the contracts have come, nor any information to guide me. On the reasonable presumption that the New England men would be there by the 5th or 10th of October, and that Mr. Habersham & Mr. Morgan\u2019s authority to employ 100 hands would ensure 1500, or 2000 tons of wood by the middle of November, I had proceeded in procuring vessels rather faster than is now well. But upon the joint opinion of the Secy. at War & myself, Capt. Barry\u2019s presence will be very useful, he has been gone about 15 days. Mr. Humphreys, the captains who were here, and the Naval agents have been unsuccessful in procuring a proper person in aid of Mr. Morgan to go thither. I just give you this state of the business, & shall send somebody else on in one of the vessels that is about to depart. Mr. Seagrove will depart shortly for Georga. where I shall authorize him to use his exertions for the Shipment of the wood as long as it will be proper for him to remain there.\nT: Coxe C. R.\nThe Secy of the Treasy.by Express", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0324", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Angelica Church, 23 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Church, Angelica\nBedford PensylvaniaOctober 23. 1794205 Miles Westward ofPhiladelphia\nI am thus far my dear Angelica on my way to attack and subdue the wicked insurgents of the West. But you are not to promise yourself that I shall have any trophies to lay at your feet. A large army has cooled the courage of those madmen & the only question seems now to be how to guard best aganst the return of the phrenzy.\nYou must not take my being here for a proof that I continue a quixot. In popular governments \u2019tis useful that those who propose measures should partake in whatever dangers they may involve. Twas very important there should be no mistake in the management of the affair\u2014and I might contribute to prevent one. I wish to have every thing well settled for Mr. Church & you, that when you come, you may tread on safe ground. Assure him that the insurrection will do us a great deal of good and add to the solidity of every thing in this country. Say the same to Mr Jay to whom I have not time to write & to Mr Pinkney.\nGod bless You Dear Sister & make you as happy as I wish you. Love to Mr. Church.\nA Hamilton\nMrs. A Church", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0325", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 23 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nBedford [Pennsylvania] October 23. 1794\nSir\nCol Mentges delivered me your letter from Hartley\u2019s. Upon interrogating him, I do not find that there are more than two detachments of Militia on the way\u2014one of New Jersey which by his account is likely to be pretty far advanced of Carlisle\u2014the other of Pensylvania from Allen Town, about fifty or sixty, more in arrear. Mentges is not very perspicuous which may have led you to a different apprehension. I found Governor Howel anxious that the Jersey Detachment which is so near at hand should be permitted to come up, so as to make it difficult to urge their return. That from Pensylvania will I hope be arrested. If the Jersey Men should not arrive tomorrow it may be adviseable to halt them at Bedford, till the column gets through the mountains & then if pacific appearances continue send them back.\nThe advanced corps moved this morning. The main body will move tomorrow.\nNothing new has occurred. With the truest respect & attachment I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your obed servant\nA Hamilton\nP S \u2003 No doubt the measures taken \u27e8re\u27e9specting Clarkes encroachment on the Indians \u27e8\u2013\u27e9 issue will be noticed \u27e8to\u27e9 Congress. Together with other events it will serve to give great credit to the Govert.\nThe President of the UStates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0327", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 25 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nBerlin [Pennsylvania] 3d days MarchOctober 25. 17947 oClock in theEvening\nSir\nWe arrived here this afternoon. A very heavy rain has rendered the march extremely arduous and distressing; but we find here much better shelter than was foreseen. Our baggage & stores are just beginning to arrive. The Jersey line & Brigade of Cavalry took the right hand road about five miles back.\nTomorrow we shall continue our march & I hope that we shall conform to the general arrangement though we must shorten tomorrows march & lengthen that of the day following.\nThe troops have shewn all the patience that could have been expected. In short I perceive nothing amiss.\nBradford & Fulton it is said are gone off. By tracing time, it is not probable they were at all influenced by the arrest of Husbands & Philson.\nWith the highest respect & truest attachment \u2003 I have the honor to be Sir \u2003 Your obed ser\nA Hamilton\nThe President of The UStates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0328", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 26 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nSusquehanna Wrights Ferry [Pennsylvania] 26th Oct1794.\nDear Sir,\nI little advanced of this, yesterday afternoon, I met an Express with the letters herewith enclosed for you, with others for the Army; with which I have directed him to proceed.\nThus far I have proceeded without accident to Man, horse or Carriage, altho\u2019 the latter has had wherewith to try its goodness; especially in ascending the North Mountain from Skinners by a wrong road; that is by the old road which (never was good) and is rendered next to impassable by neglect.\nI heard great complaints of Gurneys Corps (& some of the Artillery) along the road to Strasburgh. There I parted from their Rout. In some places, I was told they did not leave a plate, a spoon, a glass or a knife; and this owing, in a great measure I was informed, to their being left without Officers. At most if not all the encampments, I found the fences in a manner burnt up. I pray you to mention this to Govr. Mifflin (and indeed to the Qr. Mr. General) with a request (to the former) that the most pointed orders may be given, and every precaution used, to prevent the like on the return of the Army. If the Officers, from impatience to get home, should leave their respective commands; in a word, if they do not march with, and keep the Soldiers in their ranks and from stragling or loitering behind, the borderers on that road will sustain inconceivable damage from the disorderly Troops; whose names will be execrated for, and the service disgrac\u27e8ed\u27e9 by, such conduct.\nThere were some letters put into the hands of Govr. Lee which it would be well for you to repossess yourself of. Among these were two to Messrs. Lynn Mr Ross\u2019 to you and Messrs. Findley\u2019s and Redicks\u2019 to me. Occasion may require the\u27e8m.\u27e9\nI rode yesterday afternoon thro\u2019 the rain from York Town to this place, and got twice in the height of it, hung, (and delayed by that means) on the rocks in the middle of the Susquehanna, but I did not feel half as much for my own situation as I did on acct. of the Troops on the Mountains, and of the effect the rain might have on the Roads through the glades.\nI do not intend further than Lancaster today. But on Tuesday, if no accident happens I expect to be landed in the City of Philadelphia. My best wishes attend you, and all with you.\nYours sincerely\nGo: Washington\nP.S. I hope you will be enabled by Hook, or by Crook, to send B\u2014\u2014 and H\u2014\u2014 together with a certain Mr. Guthrie, to Philadelphia for their winter Quarters.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0329", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 26 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nBerlin [Pennsylvania] October 26, 1794\nSir\nThe very late arrival of the waggons the injury to a number of them & the dispersed situation of the troops render it impracticable to leave this place today as was inten[d]ed. But the baggage & stores go forward & tomorrow the troops must move. I apprehend no material derangement of the general plan. An express has been dispatched to Governor Lee advising him of the state of things here.\nNothing from the Western Country.\nWith the greatest respect & attachment I have the honor to be Sir \u2003 Your obed ser\nA Hamilton\nThe President of the UStates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0330", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 27 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 27, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to request that you will take order upon the subject of a remittance for the expenditures by Mr. Gorham.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0331", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 29 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nJones Mill [Pennsylvania]October 29. 1794\nSir\nThe Light Corps with the Jersey Infantry and Brigade of Cavalry are at Indian Creek in Legonien Valley, where they continue, \u2019till this division get up, which will be this Evening, as the march will commence in an hour. This division had, I believe, the worst road, and was besides encumbered with all the spare Stores, which has thrown it a day\u2019s march behind the other. But by a letter received yesterday from Governor Lee it appears that the right wing is fully in measure with the left. All is essentially well with both wings & the troops continue to shew as much good humour as could possibly have been expected.\nThe Meeting at Parkinsons Ferry ended we are told in a new appointment of Commissioners to deprecate the advance of the army and in new expressions of pacific intentions. But there is nothing which can occasion a question about the propriety of the army\u2019s proceeding to its ultim\u27e8ate\u27e9 destination. No appearances whatever of opposition occur.\nYou desired that a table of the routes of the left Wing might be sent you. None was left with an officer of this wing.\nWith the truest respect & attachment \u2003 I have the honor to be Sir \u2003 Your obed servt\nA Hamilton\nP.S. It is hoped that the original papers have been forwarded, as the list furnished from the Secretary of States Office would be a deceptive guide. Memoranda of the Atty General brought by the express, will greatly aid\u2014perhaps sufficiently. But the originals would be best.\nThe President of the UStates.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0332", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Nathaniel Appleton, 30 October 1794\nFrom: Appleton, Nathaniel\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBoston, October 30, 1794. Requests payment of \u201cThree hundred & seventy five Dollars for a quarters Salary due\u201d to him \u201cas Commissioner of the United States Loan Office in the State of Massachusetts to 30th September 1794.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0333", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 30 October 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, October 30, 1794. \u201c\u2026 Messrs. Billington & Bryan the contractors for the Army clothing for 1795 have requested an advance of ten or fifteen thousd. Dolls. \u2026 The Contractors for the provisions for the Western Army for 1795 are desirous to receive the sum of 12.000 Drs.\u2026 as soon as possible.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0334", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Rufus King, 30 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: King, Rufus\nJones Mill [Pennsylvania] October 30. 1794\nDr. Sr\nOur light corps, the Jersey infantry & a brigade of cavalry are about 8\u00bd Miles in front, beyond all the Mountains. This division which has been delayed by a somewhat worse route & the incumbrance of the public stores will be at the same place this Evening. The left wing is at a corresponding point. All is essentially well\u2014No appearance of opposition. It is of great consequence that a law should if possible be expedited through Congress for raising 500 infantry & 100 horse to be stationed in the disaffected country. Without this the expence incurred will be essentially fruitless.\nA law regulating a process of outlawry is also urgent; for the best objects of punishment will fly & they ought to be compelled by outlawry to abandon their property houses & the UStates. This business must not be skinned over. The political putrefaction of Pensylvania is greater than I had any idea of. Without vigour every where our tranquillity is likely to be of very short duration & the next storm will be infinitely worse than the present one.\nYrs. with true esteem & regard\nA Hamilton\nR King Esqr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0336", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 31 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia 31. Octr 1794\nDear Sir\nBy pushing through the rain (which fell more or less on Saturday, Sunday and Monday) I arrived in this City before noon on Tuesday; without encountering any accident on the road, or any thing so unpleasant as the badness of the ways, after the rain had softened the earth and made them susceptible to deep impression, of the Wheels.\nHow you passed through the Glades after the various accounts we had received of them, in such wet weather, I am at a loss to conjecture; but am extremely anxious to know; as I also am to learn the operations of the army, and the state & condition of it, since.\nNothing important, or new has been lately received from our Ministers abroad; and although accounts from London to the first of September, & from Ireland of still later date have been inserted in the Gazettes, they are not precise enough to be detailed in a letter. In general however, the French continue to be successful by land, and it might be added by Sea also, for they are capturing a great number of British Merchantmen. Nor does the fate of Robespierre seem to have given more than a momentary stagnation to their affairs. The armies rejoice at it, and the people are congratulating one another on the occasion.\nMr. Monroe is arrived in France and has had his reception in the midst of the Convention, at Paris, but no letter has been received from him.\nFew members have yet come to town. Tomorrow I presume will bring many. The papers say Mr. Trumbull is elected to the Senate, in the room of Mr. Mitchell who has resigned; but who has, or will, supply his place in the other house is not mentioned.\nHusbands and the other prisoners were safely lodged in this city on Wednesday afternoon. Press the Governors &ca. to be pointed in ordering the Officers under their respective commands, to march back with their respective Corps; and to see that the Inhabitants meet with no disgraceful insults, or injuries from them. The Secretary of War will, I expect, say something respecting the deposit of the Arms & public stores in proper places\u2014to him therefore I shall refer.\nMrs. Hamilton & your family were very well yesterday afternoon. Your letter of the 23d. has been recd.\nI am always and affectly \u2003 Yours\nGo: Washington\nColo. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0339", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 3 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nCherrys Mill [Pennsylvania] Nov. 3d. 1794\nSir\nI have returned to this place from Union Town. A letter from Governor Lee which goes with this probably informs you of the plan of future operations\u2014but lest it should not I shall briefly state it. The right wing is to take a position with its left towards Budds ferry & its right toward Greensburgh. The left wing is to be posted between the Yocghagani & Monongalia with its left towards the latter & its right towards the former. Morgan with his command including the whole of the light corps & perhaps a part of the Brigade of Cavalry will go into Washington County. It is not unlikely that in the course of the business a part of the troops will take a circuit by Pittsburgh\u2014for the more places they can appear in without loss of time the better.\nIn adopting this plan the circumstance of much delay in crossing & recrossing water has weighed powerfully & the quiescent state of the Country renders the plan intirely safe. Boats however will be collected on both waters to facilitate mutual communication & support.\nI received the letter you was so good as to write me on the road with those that accompanied it.\nThe rainy weather continues with short intervals of clear. The left wing has suffered from sickness but the right has been & continues remarkably healthy. The troops also continue to behave well. A Court Martial sits today to try one or two riotous fellows & one or two Marauders. The appointment of it has checked the licentious corps.\nWith the truest respect & attachment I have the honor to be Sir \u2003 Your obed serv\nA Hamilton\nPS Not many fugitives from Justice as yet.\nThe President of the UStates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0341", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, 5 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia 5th. Novr. 1794\nDear Sir,\nSince my last to you, I have received your several letters of the 25th. 26th. and 29th. of last month, & am glad to hear that the Troops continued to be in good health & spirits, notwithstanding the bad weather & the Roads; and that further indications of submission were likely to be manifested by the Insurgents.\nI have not received the rout of either column of the army\u2014nor a copy of the order establishing them, issued on the day of my departure from Bedford.\nUpon enquiry, I find that it was copies only of Papers, that had been sent from the Secretary of State\u2019s Office, the originals being adjudge Necessary for the Archives.\nFor want of a quorum in the Senate, Congress have not yet proceeded on business; and it is questionable, it seems, whether it will make a house to day, five members being wanting for this purpose, yesterday afternoon.\nBache (as I expected) has opened his batteries upon your motives for remaining with the Army. As the papers (I presume) are sent to you, I shall not repeat them. Although there are some late arrivals, the Gazettes have not, as yet, announced any thing new.\nMrs. Hamilton & your family were well yesterday. Mrs. Schuyler and Son (John) and daughter, are there, but talk of going away to day, or to morrow.\nI am \u2003 Your Affect.\nGo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0342", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 8 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\nRostrave Camp [Pennsylvania] Novr. 8. 1794\nSir\nAs the Army will shortly be on the return from this Country, it is necessary to make an arrangement for the Supply. Mr Eli Williams will provide for the Virginia troops to Winchester, The Maryland troops to Williampsort, The Pensylvania Troops to Lancaster, The New Jersey troops to Trenton. The Quartermaster General will do the Same in his department. A provision remains to be made to furnish & Convey the troops from those points to their respective homes.\nYou will engage Carrington to take the Virginia troops at Winchester, Gale to take up those of Maryland at Williamsport Hunt of Trenton to take up those of New Jersey at that place & whomsoever you please to take up those of Pensylvania at Lancaster.\nYou will confer with the secretary of War & take in Concert the needful Steps. Mr. Woolcott will furnish the Money. No time is to be lost.\nWith Consideration I am \u2003 Your obedient Servt\nAlex. Hamilton\nTench Coxe EsqrCommissioner of the Revenue", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0343", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to James O\u2019Hara, 8 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: O\u2019Hara, James\nCamp, Rostrave Township, November 8, 1794\nSir:\nInformation has been received that Mr. Elliott, one of the Contractors, has been lately killed by the Savages; and Mr. Williams, his partner, has represented that this, without the aid of your department, may embarrass the measures for furnishing and forwarding the supplies required by the Commander-in-Chief. As it is all-important that these supplies should be duly furnished and conveyed to the respective posts, I must request and advise that you will co-operate in the article of transportation as far as may be necessary. For this purpose you will understand yourself with the Agents of the Contractors, ascertain what they can or cannot do, and endeavor to supply what may be deficient. In doing this you will, of course, keep and furnish such a record and statement of the aid you give as will enable the United States to make the proper charges against the Contractors, who are bound by their contract to transport as well as to procure and issue the provisions. It is understood that in the course of the Campaign similar aids have been, from time to time, given by your department. Of these, also, the Treasury ought to have as accurate a view as is practicable; otherwise the public will have to pay doubly for transportation\u2014first in the price of the rations to the contractors, and secondly, in the expense of that which you furnish in aid of them.\nWith consideration, etc., I am your obt. servant,\nAlexander Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0344", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 8 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nHead Quarters Rostraver Township [Pennsylvania]November 8. 1794\nSir\nMorgan with the whole of the light troops has crossed into Washington County. Dispositions of different corps are making to strike at once in the most disaffected scenes.\nIt appears evident that to wait for preliminary investigations to apprehend the guilty upon process would defeat the object & produce delay beyond the patience of the troops or the time allowed by the season for operation. With the advice of the district Atty the Commander in Chief has concluded to take hold of all who are worth the trouble in a more summary way, that is by the military arm & then to deliver them over to the disposition of the Judiciary. In the mean time all possible means are using to obtain evidence & accomplices will be turned against the others.\nThis step is directed by that principle of common law that every man may of right apprehend a Traitor.\nI hope good objects will be found notwithstanding many have gone off. It is proved that Brackenridge did not subscribe \u2019till after the day & that he has been the worst of all scroundrels. The only question is how far the candour of the Government, owing to the use made of him by the Commissioners, might be compromitted?\nThe Commander in Chief is taking measures with a good propect of success to engage a competent corps to be stationed in the Country\u2014a Regiment of Infantry & four troops of horse. The plan is to engage them for 9 Months, but a suit of Cloathing must be allowed.\nBeing not very well I am obliged to be brief.\nWith the truest respect & attachment \u2003 I have the honor to be, Sir \u2003 Your obed ser\nA Hamilton\nThe President of the UStates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0345", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Alexander Mackenzie, 9 November 1794\nFrom: Mackenzie, Alexander\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nMontreal Novr. 9th. 1794.\nSir\nAgreeable to your request I will give you Some few remarks on my last expedition.\nHaving had no particular directions from the Company of course no promise on my part of undertaking such a jaunt. I left the Grand portage about the usual time for Arabasca, but previously had obtained permission to remain the summer inland with no other view than of employing that time in discovery. The Cause of my not consulting the Company was the ill usage I had received upon my return from my former Expedition. Upon my arrival as well as that of all the Canoes at Arabasca. I left Mr. R. McKenzie in charge of the principal post and went to winter at the Last of our settlements in the peace river or Unjegah Latitude 56\u00b0. 9\u201d north Longitude 117\u00b0. 43\u201d West from Greenwich.\nIn the spring after I sent off all the property from Arabasca I on the 9th. May 1793 took my departure in a North Canoe, accompanied by A. Mc.Kay, Six Canadians, and two young Indians up the peace river against a very strong current, in our route we were rather unfortunate in not meeting with Inhabitants till we had nearly got to the Mountains & come near the source of the river, and then we saw but three men with their families; they were well furnished with spears, daggers, bar Iron &ca. I prevailed with one of those men to come & guide us to the heighth of Land which he did; wishing to bring him further he deserted from us. The heighth of Land is only Seven hundred paces across; pass two small lakes & two small carrying places; from there we continued our route down a small river much embarrassed with wood rocks &ca, we broke our canoe lost all our Balls; we at last got into a large river & this in half a days time led us into a more considerable body of water; It was not before the third day from hence we met with Natives who were not very amicable at our first appearance; however, Peace being established, they gave us an account of the Country and informed us they got what european articles they had from the West by Land and that they did not know where this River emptied into the sea. I got some of them to conduct me to the next tribe; here I was convinced that the distance by the river which is very rapid, was great, and that I could not be able to perform it in the course of the season had I been better provided than I was; therefore I returned up the river according to the Indians directions to take the Route by which they procure their Goods, here I left my Canoe and the greatest part of what we had in her; Latitude 53\u00b0. North Longitude 122\u00b0. 43 West travelled fifteen days to get to the sea coast, there being many Islands I borrowed a Canoe from the Natives, wen\u27e8t\u27e9 about twenty leagues out amongst the Islands where \u27e8I\u27e9 found the Latitude to be 52\u00b0. 23\u201d Longitude 128, 15, the 22 July 1793. I returned by the way I went, and was ba\u27e8ck\u27e9 at our settlement the 24th. Augt. \u2003 I am Sir\nYrs.\nAlex M, Kenzie", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0346", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Miller, 10 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Miller, Henry\nCamp. Rostraver [Pennsylvania] Novr 10th 1794\nsir\nIt appears to me adviseable that a seizure of the Stills of delinquent distillers should be made generally within the Township of Elizabeth in Alleghany County & within the Township lying immediately on the Monongalia River on the West Side thereof from  to the Virginia Line. In order to this it will be necessary to employ not only the Collectors of the Revenue heretofore appointed to act within the Counties for which they have been appointed, but also an additional number to be appointed for the purpose & to accompany the parties which will be sent to protect the operation. The Business on the West side of the Monongalia is committed to Genl Mathews who will afford all requisite aid & that in Elizabeth Township is under the Direction of  who will do the Same. You will take up the Waggons of the Army to Convey the Stills seized to proper points on the Monongalia, thence to be Sent to Fort Pitt. The officers who are to command the military parties may be Constituted officers of Inspection for the occasion. You will designate those who are to Superintend the Execution of this business in the different Scenes.\nwith great Consideration I am \u2003 Your obt. Servt\nA. Hamilton\nHenry Miller Esqrsupervisor", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0347", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William S. Smith, 10 November 1794\nFrom: Smith, William Stephens\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[November 10, 1794. On November 12, 1794, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., wrote to Smith: \u201cYour letter of the 10th. instant covering a Contract dated the 10th. day of Oct. 1794 has in the absence of the Secretary of the Treasury been read by me.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0348", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 11 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nRostraver Township [Pennsylvania]November 11. 1794\nSir\nI have the honor of your note of the 5 instant.\nTomorrow the measures for apprehending persons & seizing stills will be carried into effect. I hope there will be found characters fit for examples & who can be made so. Col Hamilton Sheriff is now at our quarters come to make a voluntary surrender of himself. It is not yet certain how much can be proved against him; but otherwise he is a very fit subject.\nI observe what Mr. Bache is about. But I am the more indifferent to it as the experience has proved to me (however it may be in ways which I could not allege in my justification) that my presence in this quarter was in several respects not useless. And it is long since I have learnt to hold popular opinion of no value. I hope to derive from the esteem of the discerning and in internal consciousness of zealous endeavours for the public good the reward of those endeavours.\nI propose, if no urgent reason to the contrary occurs, to leave this country for Philadelphia about the 15th instant and I shall lose no time in reaching it. Mean while I trust the business of my department will suffer no injury from my absence.\nBefore I go I will try to see that a good arrangement is made with regard to arms stores &c.\nWith true respect & affectionate attachment I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your obedt ser\nAlex Hamilton\nP.S Poor Lenox has been on the torture so long & has lately received such unpleasant accounts that we have all advised him to return to Philadelphia.\nThe substitutes devised will guarrd against injury to the service. Intelligence having been received of some of the insurgents having embodied about Beaver Creek a plan is laid provisionally for giving them a stroke\u2014the execution of which will be speedily attempted if nothing to the contrary occurs.\nThe President of the UStates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0349", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Lee, 13 November 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Nailer\u2019s Farm, Pennsylvania, November 13, 1794. On November 13, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Lee: \u201cI have received your Letter of this day.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0351", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 13 November 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCustom HouseDistrict of Providence 13th Novr. 1794.\nSir\nAt the Circuit Court held in this Town on the 7th Instant, the Grand Jury found bills of Indictment against Metcalf Bowler and Zebedee Hunt Junr., Masters of the Brigantine Mariah and Schooner Nancy, for departing from the Harbour of Newport on a Forreign Voyage, in Violation of the Embargo Act passed the 26th of March last. Capt. Hunt being arraigned, pled Guilty to the Charge. The Court fined him the moderate Sum of Forty Dollars and Cost of prossecution. Capt. Bowler being absent his Trial was put of untill June Term next.\nI have the Honor to be very respectfully \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your Most Obed. Hum. Serve\nJereh. Olney Collr.\nAlexander Hamilton Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0353-0001", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 15 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTown of Washington [Pennsylvania] November 15. 1794.\nSir\nI had the honor of writing to you three Days since by Mr. Vaughan. Nothing material has since occurred; except that a number of persons have been apprehended. Twenty of them are in confinement at this place\u2014others have not yet arrived. Several of those in confinement are fit subjects for examples and it is probable from the evidence already collected & what is expected that enough for that purpose will be proved. The most conspicuous of these for character or crime are understood to be The Reverend John Corbly, Col. Crawford, Col John Hamilton, Thomas Sedgwick, David Lock, John Munn, John Laughery. The evidence has not yet fixed the situation of Col. Hamilton.\nA warrant has been sent after Col. Gaddis of Fayette another very fit subject but from the lapse of time I fear he has escaped.\nThe bad spirit is evidently not subdued. Information is just received that within the last three Days a Pole has been erected about 16\u00bd miles from this place on the road to Muddy Creek. measures are taking on the Subject.\nBut it is more and more apparent that for some considerable time to come a military force in this Country is indispensable. I presume the temporary one meditated will be accomplished.\nTomorrow I leave this place for Pittsburgh. If nothing extraordinary happens I shall leave that place for Philadelphia on the 19th. By that time every thing will have taken it\u2019s shape.\nWith true respect & affect. attachment I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your obed. Servant.\nAlex Hamilton\nThe President ofthe U. States", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0354", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Jones, 16 November 1794\nFrom: Jones, Thomas\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Hampton, Virginia, November 16, 1794. On December 20, 1794, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., wrote to Jones and referred to \u201cyour letter of Nov. 16th. to the Secy of the Treasury.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0357", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 17 November 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia 17 Novr 1794\nMy dear sir\nBy the arrangement of the New Contract, a Commissary will be required. I know not of any person in whose integrity I would have more confidence than Major I Craig of Fort Pitt provided he would repair to Fort Washington. Will you consider of this point, and if you approve, will you offer it to him? No time can be lost upon this subject.\nMr Jay will satisfactorily arrange all the points of dispute between Great Britain & the US. How happy are we! His communications are to the 14th Sept.\nYours affectionly\nColo Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0358", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Miller, 17 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Miller, Henry\nPittsburgh November 17th 1794\nSir\nIt has already been settled that an Office of Inspection is to be opened in each of the counties of this Survey. It remains to settle what is to be done with regard to unpaid arrears. As it has so happened that Offices have not been regularly opened in some of the Counties which would involve legal difficulties in the collection of arrears, and as that collection if extended to the arrears for the whole time, would occasion a burthen greater than could probably be borne without real distress; it appears to me adviseable to require the payment of the duty in arrear only for the year which ended the first of July last.\nIn the adjustment of this arrear the rate of duty per annum according to the capacity of the still appears to be at this time the only legal & practicable rule with regard to those who did not enter their stills & avail themselves of some other of the options allowed by law.\nIt has been much insisted upon, that this part of the Country could not without oppression pay the duty in cash. The supply of the Western Army enables us to accommodate in this particular, an option may therefore be either to pay in cash or in Whiskey. The whiskey to be delivered by the party paying at the place where the Office of Inspection for the County is kept, unless where it is most convenient both to the party & to the Public that it be delivered at some other place to be agreed upon between the Inspector of the Revenue for the survey and the Agent for procuring Whiskey for the Army, who is Prestly Neville Esqr. The whiskey received in payment is to be delivered to the said Prestley Neville, whose receipt for it will be accepted at the Treasury as a remittance for the amount. Mr. Neville will receive it at the place of delivery and provide for its transportation to where it is wanted.\nThe price at which whiskey is to be received, is three Shillings & Six pence Pennsylvania currency per gallon.\nWith consideration & Esteem \u2003 I am &c.\nAlexander Hamilton\nThe Supervisor of the Revenue", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0360", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 17 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nPittsburgh November 17. 1794\nSir\nI wrote to you two days since by express from Washington. The judiciary corps with myself arrived here last Evening. The list of prisoners has been very considerably increased, probably to the amount of 150 but it is not yet so digested as to be forwarded. Governor Lee just informs me that he has received a letter from Marietta advising him of the apprehending of John Holcroff the reputed Tom the Tinker & one Wright a notorious offender.\nSubsequent intelligence shews that there is no regular assemblage of the fugitives where it is supposed\u2014there are only small vagrant parties in that quarter affording no point of Attack.\nEvery thing is urging on for the return of the troops. The engagement of a corps to remain here goes on, it is said, well.\nWith perfect respect & true attachment I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Yr. Obed ser\nA Hamilton\nThe President of the UStates", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0361", "content": "Title: Examination of Hugh Henry Brackenridge, [18\u201319 November 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Pittsburgh, November 18\u201319, 1794]\nEarly next morning, a subpena was read to me, from judge Peters, commanding me before him, at his chamber, to give testimony, touching all such matters as should be enquired of me. I considered this as, in fact, an examination touching myself; and that, on the opinion formed from this, was to depend my being or not being arrested.\nI attended the judge, and was referred by him to secretary Hamilton, for examination. I was received by Hamilton, with that countenance, which a man will have, when he sees a person, with regard to whom his humanity and sense of justice struggles; he would have him saved, but is afraid he must be hanged;\u2014was willing to treat me with civility, but was embarrassed with a sense, that, in a short time, I must probably stand in the predicament of a culprit, and be in irons. He began, by asking me some general questions, with regard to any system or plan, within my knowledge, of overthrowing the government. I had known of nothing of the kind. After a number of general questions, to which I had to answer in the negative, I proposed putting an end to that, by giving him a narrative of every thing I did know. It was agreed; and he began to write. I gave him the outlines of the narrative I have given in this publication, until I came to that particular, where, after the burning Neville\u2019s house, I represented the people calling upon Bradford and Marshall to come forward, and support what was done, under the pain of being treated as Neville himself had been. At this the secretary laid down his pen, and addressed himself to me; Mr. Brackenridge, said he, I observe one leading trait in your account, a disposition to excuse the principal actors; and before we go further, I must be candid, and inform you of the delicate situation in which you stand; you are not within the amnesty; you have not signed upon the day; a thing we did not know until we came upon this ground, I mean into the western country; and though the government may not be disposed to proceed rigorously, yet it has you in its power; and it will depend upon the candour of your account, what your fate will be. My answer was, I am not within the amnesty, and am sensible to the extent of the power of the government; but were the narrative to begin again, I would not change a single word. I went on. Having passed through the circumstances of the marshal and Neville being privy to my giving my opinion to Black and Hamilton, on the effect of the writs of subp\u0153na against delinquent distillers, and Neville requesting me to go to the Mingo meeting-house, my examination was adjourned; Mr. Hamilton being called upon to dinner; and I was desired to attend in the afternoon.\nI came home; but declined dining with general Lee that day, though pressed by several messages. I could not bear to shew myself with that company, in the doubtful predicament in which I stood.\nAt three o\u2019clock I returned to my examination; Mr. Hamilton entering the room where I waited for him, appeared to have been reflecting, and said, \u201cMr. Brackenridge your conduct has been horribly misrepresented.\u201d I saw that he never before heard the least of my being solicited by Neville the younger, to go to the meeting at Mingo Creek, but having just dined in company with Neville, at the house of major Craig, where I was then examined, he had asked Neville, and he had acknowledged it. This is conjecture.\nI went on to give an account of the Mingo Creek meeting. The secretary appeared not satisfied. \u201cMr. Brackenridge,\u201d said he, \u201cyou must know we have testimony extremely unfavourable to you, of speeches made at this meeting; in particular your ridiculing of the executive.\u201d I saw that some fool had misunderstood, and had been giving account of what I had deduced from the lenity of the President, in the case of the Presqu\u2019isle establishment, and my introducing general Knox and the Seneca Indian, Obeal, or Cornplanter, making speeches. I was extremely hurt to think, that, after I had been called upon, in the manner I was to go forward on that occasion, I should be at the mercy of the accounts of persons who did not understand me, and obliged to answer the pleasantry I had found necessary to use, to carry off their minds, for a time, from the object they were upon, until I saw them better disposed to hear what I had farther to say. My answer was, \u201cFive persons were chosen to go with me to that meeting; for the express purpose of bearing testimony of what I should say let these be called upon. Is it reasonable I should be at the mercy of the misconceptions, or a voluntary misrepresentation of weak or prejudiced individuals?\u201d He was silent. I went on giving an account of the town meeting of Pittsburgh. I stated it, as moved by me, that we should march and affect to join the people at Braddock\u2019s fields. I saw the secretary pause at this, and sink into a deep reflection. It staggered him. Was it any more, said I, than what Richard the second did, when a mob of 100,000 men assembled on Blackheath? the young prince adressed them, put himself at their head, and said, What do you want, gentleman? I will lead you on.\nMy narrative now continued. After some time the secretary observed, \u201cMy breast begins to ach, we will stop to night; we will resume it tomorrow morning at 9 o\u2019clock.\u201d I withdrew, but was struck with his last expression. I was at a loss to know whether his breast ached for my sake, or from the writing; but disposed to construe every thing unfavourable, I supposed it was for my sake, and that he saw I must be arrested.\nNext morning general Lee made an apology to Mrs. Brackenridge, that for the sake of retirement, and to be in a less central part of the town, he was about to withdraw to other quarters, with some part of his family. I considered this as owing to the delicacy of his feelings, that he wished to be out of the way, and not a witness of the circumstance of one with whom he had been acquainted in juvenile years, sinking into a melancholy situation just under his eye. I had taken it for granted that he had received a hint from Mr. Hamilton, of what was to take place.\nWaiting on the secretary, at 9 o\u2019clock, my examination recommenced. In the course of the narrative, his countenance began to brighten, and having finished the history, there was an end. \u201cMr. Brackenridge,\u201d said he, \u201cin the course of yesterday I had uneasy feelings, I was concerned for you as for a man of talents; my impressions were unfavourable; you may have observed it. I now think it my duty to inform you, that not a single one remains. Had we listened to some people, I do not know what we might have done. There is a side to your account; your conduct has been horribly misrepresented, owing to misconception. I will announce you in this point of view to governor Lee, who represents the executive. You are in no personal danger. You will not be troubled even by a simple inquisition by the judge; what may be due to yourself with the public, is another question.\u201d\nIn so delicate a case, where life had been fought by insidious men; and where, what I felt with more sensibility, my hopes of estimation in the world, were likely to be blasted, at least for a time, it may easily be supposed, that no word escaped me, or will ever be forgotten.\nMy sensibility had been greatly wounded, when I waited on judge Peters with the narrative to sign it, as directed by Mr. Hamilton. It was with difficulty, I could write my name. I cursed the circumstance of having to write it five times, to the five different sheets of paper, of which my narrative consisted. I returned to my house with different feelings from those I had for a long time before.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0363", "content": "Title: Report of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, [18 November 1794]\nFrom: Commissioners of the Sinking Fund,Adams, John\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, November 18, 1794Communicated on November 19, 1794]\nThe vice President of the United States and President of the Senate, the Chief Justice, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General respectfully report to Congress as follows:\nThat pursuant to the act entitled \u201cAn Act, making provision for the reduction of the Public Debt\u201d and in conformity to resolutions agreed upon by them and severally approved by the President of the United States, they have since their report dated the sixteenth of december 1793, caused purchases of the said debt to be made through the agency of Samuel Meredith, to the amount of One hundred and thirty nine thousand and seventy-seven dollars and eight eight cents, for which there have been paid in Specie One hundred thousand and sixty one dollars and seventy six cents.\nThat pursuant to the act entitled \u201can act supplementary to the act making provision for the debt of the United States\u201d and in conformity to resolutions agreed upon by them and severally approved by the President of the United States, they have also caused purchases of the said debt to be made subsequent to their said report of the sixteenth day of december 1793, to the amount of One hundred and six thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars and thirty seven cents, for which there have been paid eighty five thousand eight hundred and thirty two dollars and ninety one cents in specie.\nThat the documents accompanying this report marked B, C, D & E, shew the aforesaid purchases generally and in detail, including the places where, the times when, the prices at which and the persons of whom, the purchases were made.\nThat the documents marked A, shew the proceedings of the accounting Officers of the Treasury in respect to the settlement of an account for the expenditure of fifty thousand dollars in purchases, which were stated in our former report, at the date of which the said settlement had not been completed.\nThat the purchases now and heretofore reported amount together to two millions two hundred and sixty five thousand and twenty two dollars & fifty seven cents in Stock, for which there have been paid in Specie, one million five hundred and eighty one thousand three hundred and twenty three dollars and sixty seven cents, as will be more particularly seen by the document marked F.\nOn behalf of the Board\nJohn Adams\nPhiladelphia Novemr. 18th: 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0364", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, November 19, 1794. \u201cIt appears by the enclosed receipt that Mr. Joel Gibbs has dld.\u2026132 Hats for wh he is to be paid at the rate of 102 cents \u214c hat. I have the honor to request that a Wart. for 134 Drs 64/100 may be issued in his favor.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0365", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Jay, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nLondon 19. Nov. 1794\nMy dear Sir\nMy Task is done\u2014whether Finis coronat opus, the President Senate and Public will decide. This Letter goes by the Packet, and the Treaty with it. Some parts of it require Elucidation to common Readers. I have not Time for comments. Lord Grenville is anxious to dismiss the Packet. If this Treaty fails, I dispair of another. If satisfactory, care should be taken that public opinion be not misled respecting it\u2014 for this Reason the sooner it is ratified and published, the better. I really think the good Disposition of this Country should be cherished. I came here in the moment of Exultation and Triumph on account of Lord Howe\u2019s Victory. From that Day to this I have experienced no change in Sentiments or conduct relative to the negociation. I must tho\u2019 not without Reluctance conclude\u2014not being fit for a winters voyage I shall stay here \u2019till Spring\u2014indeed I shall want Repairs before I am quite fit for any voyage. God bless you.\nYours\nJohn Jay", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0366", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nPittsburgh November 19. 17947 o Clock in the Morng\nSir\nI wrote you the day before yesterday by express. Nothing material remains to be said. The army is generally in motion homeward; the Virginia line by way of Morgan Town to Winchester &c. The Maryland by way of Union Town to Williamsport &c. The Pensylvania & New Jersey by the old Pensylvania route to Bedford. The Judiciary is industrious in prosecuting the examinations of prisoners among whom there is a sufficient number of proper ones for examples & with sufficient evidence. Col Gaddis has been brought in.\nWith perfect respect & true attachment \u2003 I have the honor \u2003 Yr obed st\nA Hamilton\nP In five Minutes I set out for Philadelphia.\nThe President", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0367", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Randall, 22 November 1794\nFrom: Randall, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Annapolis, November 22, 1794. On November 27, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Randall: \u201cAgreeably to the request contained in your letter of the 22d instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0368", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edward Carrington, 23 November 1794\nFrom: Carrington, Edward\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Richmond, November 23, 1794. On December 2, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Carrington: \u201cYour letter of the 23rd of November is this moment received.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0369", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 24 November 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] Monday 24 Nov 1794. 1/2 past three oClockP.M.\nMy dear Hamilton\nAmong other reasons for wishing your return is Mrs Hamiltons earnest desire.\nIt seems that she has had, or has been in danger of a miscarriage, which has much alarmed her. But Doctor Khun by whom she is attened with Doctor Stephens, Assures that she is in no danger. However as she is extremely desirous of your presence in order to tranquilize her this note is transmited by the Presidents request.\nI am my dear Sir \u2003 Your affectionate friend\nHK", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0370", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 25 November 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nT. D: R: O: Novembr. 25th 1794\nSir\nThe state of information in the War & Treasury Departments has rendered it necessary to employ Col: Francis Nicholls to Superintend generally the supply & accommodation of the Pennsylva. division of the Militia Army from Lancasr. to their homes. He will depart on this service immediately, & as he may have occasion to make some disbursements of Cash, I have to request that you will advance to him the sum of two Thousand Dollars.\nI have the Honor to be &ca.\nT. Coxe C: R:\nThe Secy. of the Treasy.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0371", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 27 November 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, November 27, 1794. Requests \u201cthat a remittance of seven or eight thousand Dolls. may be made to Geo: Gale Esqr. Supervr. of Maryland for the purpose of supplying with provisions &c. the Maryld Division of the Militia Army returning from the Westward.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0372", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 27 November 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, November 27, 1794. \u201cMr. Mathew Spillard the contractor for furnishing Rations at the posts of Philada. represents that his accounts have been settled the 30 of Septemr. Last. That he has continued furnishing the rations since that period & wishes to have an advance of three hundred Dollars.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0373", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, 27 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n[Philadelphia, November 27, 1794. On December 14, 1794, Ellery wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI acknowledge the receipt of your two letters of the 27th. of the last month.\u201d Letters not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0374", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas FitzSimons, [27 November 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: FitzSimons, Thomas\n[Philadelphia, November 27, 1794)\nDr. Sir,\nSeeing the Debates on the subject of Democratic Societies I called at your house to state some facts.\nIt is true that the opposition to the Excise laws began from causes foreign to Democratic societies, but it is well ascertained by proof in the course of Judiciary investigations that the insurrection immediately is to be essentially attributed to one of those Societies sometimes called the Mingo Creek Society\u2014sometimes the Democratic Society. An early & active member of it commanded the first attack on Neville\u2019s House. Another active member of that society, McFarlane, the second attack. Benjamin Parkinson, the President, & several other members of it seem to have directed the second attack as a Committee.\nThis may be asserted as founded upon good proof and information recently received, though it would not be consistent with decorum to name me. Make what use you please of this, & communicate it to other friends.\nYrs truly\nA Hamilton\nPhiladNovember 27. 1794.\nThos. Fitzsimmons Esq.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0375", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, 27 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lincoln, Benjamin\nTreasury Department November 27th 1794\nSir,\nI have found it necessary, in order to provide for the punctual payment of the Allowances to fishing Vessels, which will become due on the 31st of the ensuing month  to authorise the Collectors of the several Districts in Massachusetts to draw on you, when the funds in their hands shall be inadequate to discharge the demands upon them.\nThe Collectors who may have occasion to resort to this resource have been instructed to transmit their Signatures to you, and to furnish Weekly returns therein, accurately describing the drafts which they may issue which are to be according to the form hereto annexed.\nAs a Check upon the Collectors, I request you to furnish me Weekly with a Schedule of the bills which shall be presented for payment\u2014and none which shall not be presented prior to the first day of March next are to be paid, until they shall have been previously notified to me, & the payment specially authorised.\nTo enable you to face these payments in case the funds accruing in your Office should prove inadequate, you may draw upon the Office of Discount and Deposit in Boston for a sum not exceeding Forty Thousand Dollars\u2014a credit to that amount having been opened with the said Office in your favor, to be replaced by you, out of duties on Import and Tonnage, as they shall accrue in your Office.\nIt will be necessary to an orderly Settlement of the Accounts at the Treasury, that you Keep a separate account of the transaction with the Office of Discount and Deposit.\nI am with great consideration \u2003 Sir, \u2003 Your Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nBenjamin Lincoln EsquireCollector,Boston", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0376", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jeremiah Olney, 27 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Olney, Jeremiah\nTreasury Department November 27th 1794\nSir\nI have to request, that you will retain Sufficient funds in your hands to discharge the Allowances to fishing Vessels, which will become due in your District on the 31st of the ensuing Month. You will therefore pay these allowances agreeably to the instructions heretofore given for that purpose.\nI request however, that you will immediately furnish me with an estimate of the sum, which will be required, in order that I may regulate future draughts of the Treasurer accordingly.\nI am with consideration \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nJeremiah Olney EsquireCollector of Providence", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0378", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Lamb, 29 November 1794\nFrom: Lamb, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York 29. November 1794\nSir\nI acknowledge the receipt of your favour of the 22d. instant respecting the articles, seized on board the French Ship the Favorite; and agreeably to your directions, have ordered them to be restored.\nAt the time the seizure was made the Favorite, having been totally dismantled, her crew sent on board other ships of war, and her sails, rigging, and other materials, having been sold at public auction, she was considered as a Hulk, otherwise the event would not have taken place.\nWith respect to the charge, That the officers of the Customs had pulled down the national flag on board of the abovementioned vessel, and hoisted another in its place; it is groundless; as will appear by the papers transmitted to the Secretary of State by Mr. Harrison, the District Attorney.\nI am with great respect Sir &c.\nJohn Lamb.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0379", "content": "Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Collectors of the Customs in Massachusetts, 29 November 1794\nFrom: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Collectors of the Customs in Massachusetts\nTreasury Department, Nov. 29th 1794.\nSir,\nI have to request, that you will retain in your hands a sufficient sum of the monies arising from the duties on Imports and Tonnage for the purpose of discharging the Allowances to Fishing Vessels which will become due in your District on the 31st of December ensuing, and which are to be paid agreeably to the instructions heretofore given for that purpose. If the funds accruing in your office should fall short of the amount required, you will pay the deficiency by drafts, according to the inclosed form on Benjamin Lincoln Esquire Collector of Boston, in which case it will be necessary, that you transmit your Signature to the said Collector, and furnish him with Weekly statements, accurately describing therein the drafts issued. Copies of these Statements are also to be regularly forwarded to this Office.\nWith consideration, I am Sir, \u2003 Your Obedient Servant,\nA Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0380", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 30 November 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRevenue-office Novemr. 30th. 1794\nSir\nIt appears from Inspection of the report of the committee of the Representatives upon the ways and means that they estimated the new Revenues of 1794 to produce as follows.\n1st The revenue on carriages\n2dly On Stamps, which was not laid by law 100,000 Dollars.\n3dly On Sales by auction\n4thly on Tobacco and Snuff\u2014the last of which only was laid by law 100,000 Dollars\n5thly on loaf and lump Sugars\n6thly on licences to foreign spirits and wines\nThe above Revenues not being concocted at the Treasury, I have not the details of the Estimates, nor are any returns yet received, by which their respective produce can be more certainly stated. It is reasonable to suppose that the licences under the 6th head having been confined to the Venders of foreign Spirits by an alteration of the plan of the Committee, the expected Revenue may not be collected.\nThe returns of the Spirits distilled from foreign materials for during the year ending the 30th June 1794, amg. only Dolls\nto\nThe returns to be received may amount to\nIn 1792 entire the gross Revenue on Spirits from foreign materials was\nIn 1793 entire the gross revenue on Spirits from foreign materials was about\nThe fluctuations in the ownership, and agriculture of the Sugar Colonies, and of the intercourse with them, place the supplies of the materials for the manufacture of this spirit upon a footing admitting only of conjecture.\nAs much duty on Domestic Spirits however, as 400,000 Dolls may accrue in 1795 if the laws can be effectually executed. It is to be observed that the high price of grain has diminished the distillery therefrom, in some of the States, and that fruit is an uncertain Material.\nIt may be remarked upon the whole that as the country is not only increasing in consumers, but in expensive consumers, and in ability to purchase, the duties on wines, and foreign and domestic distilled Spirits are not likely to fall off materially.\nWith great respect, Sir, \u2003 Your most obedient Servant\nTench CoxeCommissr. of the Revenue\nThe Secretaryof the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0381", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Quincy Adams, 1 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\nTreasury DepartmentDecember 1st 1794\n(Duplicate)\nSir\nThe United States have funds of some consequence in the hands of our Commissioners at Amsterdam, over and above what may be required for approaching payments. The Situation of Holland according to the last advices, leaves me not without disquietude on this account; for bidding the negotiation of bills upon that Country without great sacrifice. I have therefore directed the Treasurer to draw upon those Commissioners in favour of Thomas Pinckney Esquire our Minister at London for a considerable part of the Surplus in their hands of which I request you to apprise them\u2014not having time to write to them by this opportunity.\nBut besides the amount of the bill in favour of Mr. Pinckney, the United States will have a sum not unimportant in the hands of the Commissioners. I beg your attention to this & that in case of extremity you will concert with them the best means of securing it. Two modes occur as most obvious\u2014one to remit to Mr. Pinckney in London\u2014the other to invest in the funds of the United States.\nI feel great consolation in your being on the Spot to aid our Commissioners in taking care of the Interests of our Country. On their integrity and prudence I have also the greatest reliance.\nWith respectful consideration & true esteem \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir, \u2003 Your very Obedient Servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nJohn Adams Junr. EsquireMinister at the Hague", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0383", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edward Carrington, 1 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Carrington, Edward\n[Philadelphia, December 1, 1794. On December 12, 1794, Carrington wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI have been favored with yours of the 1st. Instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0385", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Frederick A. C. Muhlenberg, 1 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Muhlenberg, Frederick A. C.\nPhiladelphia December 1st1794\nSir\nI beg leave through you to make known to the House of Representatives\u2014That I have signified to The President of the UStates my intention to resign my office of Secretary of the Treasury on the last day of January next. I make this communication in order that an opportunity may be given previous to that Event, to institute any further proceeding which may be contemplated, if an be, in consequence of the inquiry during the last session into the State of this Department.\nWith perfect respect \u2003 I have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Obedt & hum ser\nThe Honorable The Speaker of the House of Representatives", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0386", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the President and Directors of the Bank of New York, 1 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President and Directors of the Bank of New York\n[Treasury Department, December 1, 1794. Henry W. Domett states that on this date Hamilton wrote to the president and directors of the Bank of New York asking that the bank lend one hundred thousand dollars to the United States. Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0387", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the President and Directors of the Bank of North America, 1 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President and Directors of the Bank of North America\nTreasury Department, December 1, 1794. This letter is the same as that which Hamilton wrote to the president and directors of the Bank of Pennsylvania on December 1, 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0388", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the President and Directors of the Bank of Pennsylvania, 1 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President and Directors of the Bank of Pennsylvania\nTreasury Department December 1st 1794\nGentlemen\nA plan for the Redemption of the debt of the United States on more comprehensive principles than have been hitherto adopted, may be expected to be shortly under the consideration of the House of Representatives. The practicability of such a plan may be materially connected with the answer that shall be given to the following Inquiry.\nWould it be convenient to the Bank of Pennsylvania to make an annual loan of one hundred thousand Dollars for the term of five Years; that is to say a Loan of one hundred thousand Dollars for the term of one Year to be reimbursed and renewed annually for five Successive Years. The Interest to be five per Cent per Annum?\nIt will be readily understood that the Loan at no one time could exceed one hundred thousand Dollars.\nIn proposing the question under the shape of an annual Loan rather than of one to continue for the whole term of five Years, I am influenced by the opinion that Banks ought cautiously to go into the business of permanent Loans or Loans of any considerable duration.\nIt will be seen that I do not propose a Contract, but only ask an opinion of the present Directors how far it may comport with the ability, convenience and policy of Your Institution, to come in aid of the Government in the way suggested. It would not be expected that the loan for one year should be accompanied by an engagement to renew it another; for this would be equivalent to a stipulation for the whole term. A view of what would be probably convenient is all that is desired.\nThe object is one which affecting strongly the interest and wishes of the Community, cannot but make a correspondent impression on the dispositions of Your Board. A similar inquiry has been extended to other Banks.\nI request a Speedy reply.\nWith great consideration & esteem I have the honor to be \u2003 Gentlemen \u2003 Your Obedient Servant\nAlexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasy\nThe President & Directors ofthe Bank of Pennsylvania.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0390", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edmund Randolph, [1\u201312 December 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n[Philadelphia, December 1\u201312, 1794]\nRemarks on Lord Grenvilles project of a Commercial Treaty made at the request of E Randolph Esquire \u2003 Secty of States\nA \u2003 Inasmuch as the light house duties, which are excepted, constitute an additional charge on Vessels of the UStates beyond those of G. Britain in British Ports, this article, which puts British vessels in our ports exactly upon the same footing with ours wants reciprocity. But the most important consideration will be, that as the distinctions which now exist between foreign and our own vessels are really of importance to our Trade, our Merchants will see them relinquished with reluctance unless there be some clear equivalent. If the stipulation extends to duties on goods brought in British Bottoms, the conclusion is so much the stronger.\nB \u2003 This article in its operation wants reciprocity. The British system contains now numerous prohibitions, ours none. To fix this state of things is to renounce an important right to and place ourselves on an unequal footing. It gives a claim to some equivalent.\nC \u2003 It may be supposed that the Equivalent in both cases is to be found in this article. It would be so (excepting one circumstance that will be presently mentioned) if the duration of the privileges granted was coextensive with that of the other parts of the Treaty. But the short term of the privileges here proposed to be granted renders them of inconsiderable value. The Proviso too prohibits vessels of the UStates from carrying \u201cWest India\u201d productions from the British Islands or the UStates to any other part of the World. If this prohibition is to be taken in a literal sense and to extend to the West India possessions of other countries than GBritain, it would be to renounce a valuable branch of Trade now enjoyed and probably more than would be gained.\nD \u2003 The giving a duration of twelve years to the Treaty as it respects the Trade with Europe and of only two years as it respects the West Indies will be very unacceptable. It will be the more so as the Project does not even secure the Status Quo with the European Dominions of Great Britain that is it does not secure the particular privileges and exemptions which we now enjoy by Proclamation compared with other foreign Nations.\nAH\nMr. Hamilton communicates these remarks in personal confidence to Mr. Randolph with this request that no copy of them may be taken & that this paper may be returned after it serves the purpose for which the remarks were requested.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0391", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Ebenezer Stevens, 1 December 1794\nFrom: Stevens, Ebenezer\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York 1 December 1794\nDear Sir,\nI will thank You to direct John Lamb Esqr to make me a further advance on account of the United States for fortifying the Harbour of New York. I have vouchers for the whole amount of the appropriation made by Congress and will forward them to the proper office agreeable to Your written instructions to Mr Lamb under date of the 13. of April last. I wish to be informed whether the Chief Engineer and his assistants Salaries are to come out of the above appropriation or not.\nI am \u2003 Very truly Yours\nEbenezer Stevens", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0393-0001", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jonathan Williams, 1 December 1794\nFrom: Williams, Jonathan\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia Decr 1. 1794.\nSir.\nThe Expence of provision and Forage for the Detachment that escorted you from Pittsburgh to Bedford, say six Horsemen, 100 miles, was Twenty two Dollars. I presume that this will be a sufficient Document for the Reimbursement.\nI am with great Respect \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your obedient Servant\nJona. WilliamsOccasional Qur Mastr.\nThe HonbleA. Hamilton Esqr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0393-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Memorandum, [1 December 1794]\nFrom: Williams, Jonathan\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, December 1, 1794]\nRecd from Colel Hamilton seventy Dollars\n\u2003Expence of the Escort from Pittsburgh to Bedford\nColel Hamilton\u2019s proportion of the Expence from Bedford to the place of Separation on the Lancaster Road\nReturned to Colel Hamilton.\nForty Dollars\nPhiladelphia Dec 1. 1794.Jona. WilliamsOccasional Quartermaster to theEscort", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0394", "content": "Title: Bank Draft, [2 December 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, December 2, 1794]\nCashier of the Bank of The UStates  Dollars 50\u2014\nPay to E Hamilton or bearer Fifty Dollars.\nA Hamilton\nPhiladelphia. December 2d. 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0395", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edward Carrington, 2 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Carrington, Edward\nTreasury DepartmentDecember 2nd. 1794\nSir\nYour letter of the 23rd of November is this moment received.\nGovernor Lee while in the Western Country informed me, after the Steps had been taken, that he had been under a necessity in two instances to facilitate the return of detachments of sick men, of calling upon Mr. Smith to advance Moneys to Them. The inconveniences of the Measure could not but strike at first view, yet the motives were Laudible, and in collateral aspects the measure expedient. But it was too late to disapprove or remedy, My answer would of course accord with the state of things.\nUnapprised of the means in yours or Mr. Smiths Command or the extent of this extra demand I am wholly at a loss how to meet it with accuracy. But as I ought to suppose it cannot exceed two thousand Dollars, I have instructed the Treasurer to send you Blank Drafts for that sum to be placed on yourself as Supervisor on the Collector of Alexandria or the Cashier of the Bank of the United States as occasion may require.\nFor the rest I must entreat you to do the Best which circumstances admit, in order that no body may be compromotted & the public interest may not finally suffer.\nWith Great consideration & Esteem \u2003 I am sir \u2003 Your Obedient Servant.\nEdward Carrington Esqr.Agent for Military Supplies", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0397", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 2 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia] December 2, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of the Treasury has the honor to send the President some additional communications from the Supervisor of Ohio District. The State of that scene renders the arrangement with regard to District Attorney delicate & important.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0398", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 2 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department December 2, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of the Treasury has the honor to transmit to The President of the UStates, triplicates of a statement of Expenditures upon the funds heretofore appropriated for defraying the contingent charges of Government up to the 30 of September last.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0400", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 4 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRevenue-Office, Decemr 4th 1794.\nSir,\nI have the honor to remind you of the conviction I communicated to you before your departure to the Westward, that the duties of the Treasury Department under the 5th Sectn of the act of May 8th 1792 as transferred to this office were actually incompatible with the due execution of the proper and other business of the Commissioner of the Revenue. I entertain a confirmed and increased conviction of the truth of that Idea, which you observed had occurred to your own observation. The importance of both Divisions of the public business, your intended resignation, my wish to have every thing in order before that Event shall take place, and other considerations, induce me to request an early arrangement for the execution of the Duties of the Treasury under the 5th Section of the Act making alterations in the Treasury and war Department, otherwise than by this Office.\nI have the honor to be with great Respect, Sir, \u2003 Your most obedient Servant,\nTench CoxeCommissr. of the Revenue\nThe Secretaryof the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0401", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Quincy Adams, 5 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, John Quincy\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nThe Hague December 5. 1794.\nSir.\nThe Bankers of the United States at Amsterdam, have written to you upon the present state of affairs in this Country, which would in their opinion render the negotiation for eight hundred thousand Dollars, for which they have been commissioned altogether impracticable, even if they had received from Coll. Humphreys the intimation for which they are instructed to wait.\nUnder these circumstances therefore, I find myself deprived not only of the happiness of contributing to the success, but even of the satisfaction of making all the exertions in my power for the attainment of an object so near to the wishes of the President and so important to the interests of the United States. As the contingency upon which the loan was at any rate to be attempted has not happened, it would have been perfectly unnecessary to dispute the opinion of the Commissioners. As the management of this business has been committed to them entirely, it would have been improper. As their means of information upon this point are so much superior to mine it would have been indecorous. I have therefore only observed to them that the object to which the money was intended to be applied, was of extreme urgency and importance. And that I hoped they would take advantage of the first favourable moment that should offer to make their dispositions so as to be prepared for the receipt of the order from Lisbon.\nThe zeal and fidelity with which these Gentlemen have served the United States from the time they were first interested in their affairs has been so thoroughly tried and proved, that it will certainly not be deficient upon the present occasion. Their personal interest will also concur with their public duty to animate their activity, if they see a possible chance of succeeding. So that when they tell me that the negotiation of the proposed loan would be impracticable, I cannot doubt but that the fact is really so; and that with the whole latitude of power given them as to the terms, they will not venture to undertake it.\nIt is with much pleasure however that I learn from them, and from many other quarters, that in point of credit here the United States stand upon a higher footing than any other power That their obligations at 4 per cent with premium are ten per cent above par; & their 5 per cents at par: while those of the Emperor and of Russia are vibrating from 75 to 90, and some others bear no price at all.\nBy the capture of Antwerp, a difficulty has occurred upon which the Gentlemen at Amsterdam have no doubt already written you. The annual interest upon the loan made there of 3 millions of florins, is by the tenor of the obligations made payable at the compting house of Mr. De Wolff, and the bankers here have annually remitted the money to Antwerp for the purpose. As the circulation of Assignats is compulsive the Brabanters, holders of the American obligations are apprehensive of receiving their interest in that currency, and our bankers have not transmitted the money for the interest that becomes due for the last year. It may be added that many of these creditors are now emigrants, and may possibly have other apprehensions, for the fate of the principal as well as of the interest. One of them called upon me at Amsterdam, last week, to enquire whether I could give him any relief. I told him that I had neither instructions nor power relating to that loan, but would readily transmit any representation he wished to make, and I did not doubt but the United States would do their creditors full justice. He said an expedient had already been adopted by the Court of Denmark, upon the same occasion which had been satisfactory to their creditors in their Brabant Loans, and which if equally adopted by the United States would very much accomodate him and many others in the same predicament. It was to declare that the holders of their obligations, might receive their interest at Copenhagen instead of Antwerp, and that they might exchange the obligations themselves for others bearing the same interest.\nThe communication between Antwerp and this Country is interrupted, and I do not know whether Mr: de Wolff has paid the interest due upon the loan, this year. The money for the purpose has certainly not been remitted from hence. I hope that before the revolution of another year some settled order of things will take place, which will render any measures on the part of the United States in favour of their Netherland creditors unnecessary. I suspect that the impossibility of obtaining the two million Guilders here, must arise altogether from the dread of confiscation or requisition to which they imagine their obligations may be liable.\nI have the honour to be, with the highest Sentiments of Respect, \u2003 Sir, your very humble & obedient Servant.\nJohn Q. Adams.\nAlexander Hamilton EsqrSecretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0402", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Quincy Adams, 5 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Adams, John Quincy\nTreasury Department December 5th 1794\nSir\nSince writing to you on the first instant, of which the foregoing is a Copy, it has become necessary to inform you, that in consequence of the Presidents having directed Mr. Pinckney to repair immediately to the Court of Madrid, there is a possibility, that he may set out upon his Mission, before the bill drawn upon our Commissioners in Amsterdam reaches London. If this should prove to be the Case, I will then thank you to take upon yourself the negociation of the business, by placing in the Bank of England or in some other situation not less secure and at the disposal of Mr. Pinckney, a sum equal to the amount of the bill in question, say Three hundred and three thousand One hundred and fifteen current guilders with respect to the remainder of the Funds belonging to the United States, in the hands of our Commissioners, I shall refer you to the instructions contained in my letter to you of the first instant.\nI am with great respect \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most obedient servant\nAlexander Hamilton\nJohn Q Adams EsquireMinister Resident atthe Hague", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0403", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 5 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nSir,\nIn pursuance of the order of the Senate of the 18th day of February 1793 An enquiry into the expediency of erecting a Light House upon watch Hill in the state of Rhode Island was duly instituted. It appears that a Light house of the first class or of very considerable expence is not desired, nor necessary to Navigation in that quarter. That a light on Watch Hill would not be extensively useful to vessels in the Foreign trade; That however, from the frequent passing & repassing of coasting vessels, a light House of the smallest class or a lighted Beacon would be really useful. That watch hill point, being considerably elevated above the sound at High Water, a light House or Beacon of sufficient height could be erected at a moderate expence. That the Land around it, tho broken, is fertile, & that five families reside within half a mile; wherefore the expence of maintenance would be moderate.\nI have the honor &c.\nT: Coxe C R\nThe Secy. of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0404", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 5 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department, December 5, 1794. \u201cThe Secretary of The Treasury has the honor to submit to the President a letter from the Commissioner of The Revenue of the 3d. instant.\u2026 The present offer appears admissible. If the President thinks so\u2014his approbation noted on the letter of the Commissioner of the revenue, will put the business in execution.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0405", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 6 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia] December 6, 1794. \u201cMr. Hamilton requests Mr. Coxe to state to him how far the supplies procured & expected to be procured from measures already taken are adequate to the requisitions from the War Department for Gun Powder including Salt Petre as the Ingredient.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0406-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard to David Humphreys, [28 November 1794]\nFrom: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\nTo: Humphreys, David\n[Amsterdam, November 28, 1794]\nIn reply to your very esteemed favor of 20 Septbr:, which reached us only last Post, we beg your reference to the inclosed Copy of a Letter we addressed to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States under date of 23 of said Month, as containing all the information in our Power to give on the subject of your Enquiry.\nShould the present Rumours of Peace, produce that desireable effect, we flatter ourselves, we might soon be able to procure a new Loan for the United States: We hope our representations to the Secretary of the Treasury, will operate to obtain from him the Permission, to avail ourselves of the first favorable opportunity to launch such a Loan upon the Market, so as to have the Monies ready at your call, otherwise we are only authorized to present it after receipt of advice from you, that it will be wanted for the purposes, committed to your Management; And then supposing it to succeed, the Monies will enter but by Monthly Instalments probably one Sixth Part in each Month, for your Government.\nWe are &c:", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0408", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 8 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 8, 1794. States that \u201ccontracts for the large Anchors can not be made in the U: S: upon terms more favorable than 12\u00bd &13 cents, to be deliver\u2019d in time, and that an importation of them from England can be made at 10 cents \u2026 the anchors wanted \u2026 being about 20 in number.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0410", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Timothy Hurst, 8 December 1794\nFrom: Hurst, Timothy\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nNew York, December 8, 1794. \u201cSome months ago I requested the favor of your Assistance \u2026 in a Chancery suit I was unfortunately involved in with the Executor of the late Doctr Brownjohn provided you returned to this City & engaged in your former profession & seeing lately your Intentions of quitting your present Department I have now to request your Assistance in my Chancery Suit. You will particularly oblige me by your answer.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0412", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 9 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 9, 1794. \u201cI have the honor to enclose a copy of a letter from Mr. Francis relative to the purchase of ingredients for gun powder, or gun powder itself: to this I have to add, that the only parcel of Salt Petre known to have been Imported elsewhere than in Philada. was procured by me at Providence R. I: being about 22 Tons. You were apprized of the unsuccessful efforts made by me to procure a contract to Import.\u2026 The contract with Messrs. Willing & Francis which has been pending some days, has not been completed.\u2026 No powder could be got under the prices offered by Whelen & Miller.\u2026 I understand some Salt Petre ordered by you from Europe has been received.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0413", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 9 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\nTreasury Department Decemr 9.1794\nSir\nIt is now a considerable time since provision was made by law for additional compensation to the Officers of Inspection; so that I become desirous that the proper statements in order to a revision and readjustment of the compensations of those Officers should be laid before the President without further delay.\nI take it for granted you must before this have received those communications from the Supervisors, upon the desire and expectation of which the business was originally suspended, and that every thing is now mature for the completion of the arrangement.\nwith consideration \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nTench Coxe EsquireCommissioner of the Revenue", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0416", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Pinckney, 9 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Pinckney, Thomas\n[Treasury Department, December 9, 1794. \u201c\u2026 Be assured that in this and in every thing which concerns you whatever and however my lot may be cast, I must feel, according to the dictates of a genuine esteem and true attachment.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0417", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Robert Purviance, 9 December 1794\nFrom: Purviance, Robert\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nBaltimore, December 9, 1794. \u201cYour letter of the 18th Sepr. directing me to take measures for ascertaining the value of the ground upon which the fortifications are now constructing at whetstone point was immediately communicated to Mr. Alexander Furnival and a day appointed to meet at the Fort, when, I was very much surprized to find that I could not procure from mr: F the necessary information respecting the Lines and extent of his ground.\u2026 From the very best information I can procure, the property that mr. Furnival holds there, comes higher \u2026 than any estimate I have had of it\u2019s present Value, notwithstanding mr. Furnivals lowest value is a demand of Four Thousand Dollars. I have repeatedly waited on him in order that he might probably reconsider the matter.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0421", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from John Barclay, 11 December 1794\nFrom: Barclay, John\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, December 11, 1794. On December 17, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Barclay: \u201cI have been favoured with your letter of the 11th instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0422", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 11 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 11, 1794. Requests that \u201ca Warrt. may issue in favor of Messrs. Gurney & Smith Naval Agents for the sum of five thousd. one hundred Dollars as a further paymt. on a/count.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0423", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 11 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 11, 1794. Requests \u201cthat a duplicate Warrant may issue in favor of Joel Gibbs for the sum of two hundred & eight Dollars & eight cents, in paymt. for Artillery Hats delivered by him agreeably to contract.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0425", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edward Carrington, 12 December 1794\nFrom: Carrington, Edward\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nRichmond Decr. 12. 1794\nMy dear Sir,\nI have been favored with yours of the 1st Instant. All accounts from the scene of the late insurrection agree that the measures which have been pursued have been as successful in their issue, as they were wise in their commencement. I have also the satisfaction of finding that our returned Troops pretty generally agree, that a less force than was called forth would have been opposed, and that a small army could have effected nothing but the establishment of a civil War. This operates as strong evidence against our good democrats, who had been loud against the Executive for unnecessarily interrupting the quiet of our Citizens, and incurring an unjust expence. The propriety of a force being left in the Country is also supported by the same authority, to the no small discontentment of those immaculate Guardians of our liberties, who were charging upon the president an avidity in seizing an opportunity for an advance to the establishment of a standing Army. In truth our Militia have come home better Citizens than they went out, in as much as that they have seen this fallacious spirit of liberty, stripped of its Hypocricy, and exhibited in its own Garb. I have no doubt that their returning amongst their Neighbours, thus undeceived, will be productive of good consequences. Our Virginians were, before this excursion, much better Citizens than certain circumstances had led those of other States to suppose them, and the ready obedience paid to the late call must have, in some degree, counteracted the opinions entertained concerning them. You will recollect that after the Insurgency broke out, & before the call was put to the test, I ventured to communicate to you a temper as belonging to our people different from the Contraband politics of our Representatives. I predicted the alacrity with which the people would turn out to Support their Govt. & its Laws, and endeavored to account for the real existence of such a contradiction in the conduct of the people, when called on to act for themselves, and when acting, or said to be acting, by their Representatives. The event has verified the prediction; nor can I attempt to solve the enigma otherwise than I then did. We have vicious & virtuous men of abilities\u2014the vicious are bold in their charges upon government & its administration\u2014the virtuous are \u27e8essentially\u27e9 backward. The people naturally give their suffrages to those who discover the greatest Solicitude to obtain them & who shew the greatest confidence in their Claims to be trusted. In truth my dr sir, I have fallen out with both, for he from whom an active injury is received, is little less a Freind than he that stands by and quietly sees the injuries done.\nYour observations upon the deplorable increase of a disorganizing spirit, in the quarter from whence it has before been felt in Congress, are I apprehend too well founded; nor have you a consolation in the event of our late election here to fill the senatorial seats. There is indeed something extremely unaccountable in all this\u2014it would seem that the events of last Summer & fall were calculated to have changed, even the sentiments of the former actors on the Stage of our political farce, much more might a Change of Conduct have been expected from a conviction that their constituents had received impressions no longer to tolerate their opinions. Speak with the people of Virginia, in parties, or individually, & far the greater number appear to disapprove of the violent measures espoused by their representatives in both Houses last session\u2014yet all their elections, in whatever form made, turn on Men the most distinguished for their violence of enmity to the Govt. & its administration. All this I feel & lament exceedingly, I however have a consolation, which I do not think a mistaken one\u2014that the people of Virga. will always revolt against the wickedness or follies of their leaders, whenever they are brought near enough to the precipice to see plainly their danger.\nYou do not feel more sensibly than I do the critical situation in which we stand; nor are you more thoroughly convinced that the southern politics have a tendency, a limited one I hope, to a severment which cannot be taken into prospect by any Man who feels the pride of a free American, but with chagrine & humility; the transition would be nothing less than from the exalted Nation of the freest, happiest, & wisest people the sun ever Shone upon, to that of the most vile, the most wretched & the most foolish that ever stamped the human character. Being an united people, we dictate our own laws, and say to all the rest of the world what shall be their conduct towards us\u2014divide us, and we instantly become little puppets to be played off on each other, as shall be convenient to foreign Nations, & even foreign individuals\u2014it would seem that the success of Genets projects, should have stamped this lesson deeply on the mind of every American, who was not involved in his vices.\nI most heartily re-echo your opinion that good men should come forward & Set their faces against the ills which awaite us\u2014and trust it will \u2019ere long be the case in Virga. Let our Eastern bretheren, whose good sence & solid republicanism, I daily more & more admire, continue their zeal in supporting the true Interests of the commonwealth\u2014they will prevail\u2014an enthusiastic folly Cannot be of long duration.\nOn the subject of your resignation\u2014you appear to have taken your final determination. I wish your Successor may be as successful in the effects of his measures, and that he may be as fortunate in repelling the attacks of faction. The papers have announced a precaution which I should certainly have taken the liberty to recommend to you. Your notification to the House of Representatives is a necessary caveat against future Slander, for had you remained \u2019til the last day of the session, and then resigned without such a precaution, a retreat from enquiry would have been charged upon you.\nI anticipate with pleasure, your appearance in the Character of a Representative, & beg you to be assured that you will retain in any Station you may occupy the public confidence & private friendship of\nMy Dr Sir \u2003 your affectionate Fellow Citizen\nEd Carrington\nAlexr. Hamilton Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0427", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Ephraim Blaine, 13 December 1794\nFrom: Blaine, Ephraim\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCarlisle [Pennsylvania] December 13, 1794. \u201cI arived here on last Monday with the Jersey troops and Started them from this place upon their March home on thursday principally in good health and Spirrits\u2014and hope they will arive safe at Trenton about the 22nd or 23d. I have not had one Shillings in money Since I left Greens burgh therefore have left all my Accounts from that to this place and here unsettled untill I Obtain reliefe from you\u2014therefore beg and Entreat you to send me Eight thousand Dollars to enable Me to settle those Accounts.\u2026 The sum which I aske will barely enable me to prepare my Accounts for a final settlement therefore request I may not meet with any disappointment whatever.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0428", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 13 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 13, 1794. \u201cIt being possible that Inconvenience may arise from the want of information concerning the purchases of Whiskey in Pennsylvania, for the military supply of 1795, I have to request a copy of the instructions therein given by you to Col. P. Nevil in the month of November.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0429", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 13 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 13, 1794. \u201cIt is necessary that a keeper of the Lighted Beacon near Sherburn in Nantucket be appointed. Tristam Coffin is mentioned as a person the collector has engaged, from whence may be inferred that he approves of the said Coffin as a qualified person.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0430", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 13 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRevenue-office, Decemr 13th. 1794\nSir,\nI have this day received your letter concerning the additional compensations to the officers of the Revenue. The increase of the Emoluments by the extension of the rate of commissions and by the allowance of fees for documents are the prevailing ones in the letters of the Supervisors. You will remember that I requested the arrangement of this business prior to the Presidents departure for mount Vernon in the last summer, and you thought the state of the business before him would inevitably exclude it, \u2019till his return. Since that the attention of the President and of yourself to the urgent Business of the Insurrection with the absences incidental thereto have left no opportunity for this object. Before the receipt of your letter this day I had given you all the information I possess with my opinions, and I requested your determination of the principles upon which an arrangement should be made.\nI have the honor to be, \u2003 Your most Obedt Servant\nTench CoxCommissr. of the Revenue\nThe Secretaryof the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0431", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 13 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 13, 1794. \u201cI beg the favor of your procuring the Presidents determination upon the subject of the Keeper of the Light House at Cape Fear North Carolina and of the Compensation to be allowed him.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0432", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 14 December 1794\nFrom: Ellery, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Newport, Rhode Island] December 14, 1794. \u201cI acknowledge the Receipt of your two letters of the 27th of the last month & I shall retain sufft. funds in my hands to discharge the allowances to fishing vessels which I estimate at about twelve hundred dolls.\u2026 Permit me to mention that advice has not been received of your decision in the case of the Fair American Benjamin Lee master, and of the Sloop Joanna, Daniel Anthony master.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0433", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from M\u00e9d\u00e9ric Louis Elie Moreau de St. M\u00e9ry, 15 December 1794\nFrom: Moreau de St. M\u00e9ry, M\u00e9d\u00e9ric Louis Elie\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nphiladelphia 15th. Xbr 1794\nSir\nThe Kind Reception I have been honoured with by your Excellency, Seems authorize me to hope that my Enterprize will not be intirely indifferent for your Goodness. Nobody feels more deeply than me the grief of Seing your Excellency Leaving a Department where his ability & his fondness of his country was so eminently perceived. But for the true Citizen the means of Serving his native land, may be meet with at every Step or at every Instant.\nI am with Respect, \u2003 Sir, \u2003 of your Excellency \u2003 the most obedient & very humble servant\nMoreau de st m\u00e9ry\nJ\u2019ose attendre La complaisance de Votre Excellence qu\u2019elle Suppl\u00e9era \u00e0 ce que mon Anglois incorrect ne lui exprimera pas bien par rapport \u00e0 mon respectueux devouement et \u00e0 mon regret en pensant qu\u2019elle quitte une place qui m\u2019auroit permis de lui faire ma Cour quelque fois.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0434", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 16 December 1794\nFrom: Olney, Jeremiah\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nCustom HouseDistrict of Providence 16th Decer. 1794\nSir\nI have the Honor to Transmit (under cover of your care) for the Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States, the writs of Error and Citations with copies of the proceedings (before the State court) in the Suits of Welcome Arnold and Edward Dexter, against me, relative to the Brigantine Neptune. I respectfully request Sir, after examining those papers, you will please to cause them to be lodged with the Clerk aforesaid, and that you will Seasonably, acquaint me whether it will be expedient for me, personally, to attend the Tryal in Feby. next at Philadelphia and whether it will be important for me to engage (as counsil to assist the Attorney General of the United States) David Leonard Barnes Esqr. who has had the chief management of those Suits since the Death of the late District Attorney. As my attendance at Philadelphia, or that of Counsil from hence would be a considerable Expense to the public, I have deemed it my indispensable Duty (as I have heretofore) not to take a Single step relative to the Subject in question, but such as you may think Proper to Direct which shall be particularly and promptly executed. The enclosed assignments of Error are with Deference, Submitted by Mr. Barnes, and which will be Subject to the revision of the Attorney Genl. of the United States.\nI am very respectfully \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your Most Obedt. Hum. Serv.\nJereh. Olney Collr.\nAlexander Hamilton Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0435", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Barclay, 17 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Barclay, John\nTreasury DepartmentDecember 17. 1794\nSir\nI have been favoured with your letter of the 11th instant. More than was consistent with the constitutional powers of the Bank could not have been expected or desired. In manifesting a readiness to do all that is lawful, a proof is afforded that the Bank of Pensylvania will not be behind any other institution of this kind in a proper zeal for the service of the UStates. I beg through you to make my acknowlegements to the Board & that You & they will be persuaded of my respect & esteem.\nI have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Obedt servant\nAlex Hamilton\nJohn Barclay EsqPresident of The Bank of Pensylvania", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0437", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Knox, 17 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, December 17, 1794. On December 17, 1794, Hamilton wrote to Knox: \u201cIn reply to your letter of this date.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0438", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Knox, 17 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Knox, Henry\nTreasury departmentDecr 17. 1794\nSir,\nIn reply to your letter of this date I have the honor to inform you, that no general Instructions have gone from this department to the Collectors relative to the purchase of the Lands on which Fortifications might be erected, from an expectation, that the information necessary for the Government of the Treasury would come in course through the Channel designated in your letter to me of the 24th of July last.\nThe enclosed memorandum exhibits a view of all the cases in which Cessions and Purchases have been made or measures taken to effect the Object thereof. The Treaty for the purchase of the Land on which the fortifications are erecting at Baltimore is suspended for the present on account of a very material difference in Opinion with respect to the value of it.\nI am Sir, respectfully, \u2003 Your most obedient Servant,\nA Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0439", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Whipple, 18 December 1794\nFrom: Whipple, Joseph\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPortsmouth [New Hampshire] December 18, 1794. \u201c\u2026 The estimated allowances to Fishing Vessels payable in this district on the 31st. day of December instant is Sixteen hundred & twenty nine dollars.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0440", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Edward Carrington, 19 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Carrington, Edward\n[Philadelphia, December 19, 1794. On December 26, 1794, Carrington wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI have been favored with yours of the 19th. Instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0441", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Lee, 19 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Lee, Henry\n[Philadelphia, December 19, 1794. On December 31, 1794, Lee wrote to Hamilton and referred to \u201cyour favor of the 19th. Decr.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0442", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 19 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department, December 19, 1794. Sends \u201ca letter from the Commissioner of the Revenue of the 13 instant, on the subject of the Keeper of the Lighthouse \u2026 near Sherburn in Nantucket.\u201d States that \u201cit is advisable to appoint the person therein mentioned.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0443", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 20 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department,Revenue-office, Decemr 20th 1794\nSir,\nThe contractor, Mr. G. Hieskell, at Fredericksburg, Virginia, has applied for the sum of 300. Dollars on Account, having as he alleges furnished supplies to that amount. W: Wiatt Esquire the Postmaster was the person, who contracted with him, from circumstances heretofore communicated. You will be pleased to direct such remittance as you may find proper.\nI have the honor to be, Sir \u2003 your obedient Servant\nTench CoxeCommissr. of the revenue\nThe Secretaryof the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0444", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 20 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department,Revenue-office, Decemr. 20th 1794\nSir,\nI believe it will be found on Inspection that the northwestern Territory does not extend easterly further than the western Bank of the River Ohio. Consequently the officers of Inspection in the 2d. Survey of the district of Ohio (St. Clairs Governt.) cannot make seizures upon that River. This may be remedied by extending the said 2d. Survey by an act of the President, so as to include the Ohio. It will be well also, that the officers in Virginia and Kentucky have a similar power to act on the River, and it may be a matter of some difficulty to adjust it so as to include the River in both Districts.\nThe revenue laws of the Union contemplate federal and state courts\u2014are the courts of the two territories, absolutely and strictly of either quality? There is no Marshall of the United States in either Territory, and the Inspector I observe is the Sheriff in St. Clairs Government.\nI communicate these Ideas for consideration.\nI have the honor to be, Sir \u2003 Your most obedient Servant,\nTench CoxeCommissr. of the revenue\nThe Secretaryof the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0445", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 20 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, December 20, 1794. On December 22, 1794, Coxe wrote to Hamilton and referred to \u201cyour letter of the 20th. instant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0447", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Philip Schuyler, 20 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Schuyler, Philip\n[Philadelphia, December 20, 1794. On January 5, 1795, Schuyler acknowledged receipt of Hamilton\u2019s \u201cfavor of the 20th Ult.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0448", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 22 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRevenue Office December 22d: 1794\nSir,\nI have had the honor to receive this day the order of the House of Representatives relative to the measures that have been adopted concerning the naval armament, in your letter of the 20th. instant.\nIt was on the 4th. day of April that a participation with you in the Treasury business for the War Department was committed to this office.\nAfter the requisite examination into the objects to be procured, advertisements were issued on the 16th. of April for the Live Oak & Cedar timber required by the Secretary at War; as also on the same day for Cannon ball, twenty four pound Cannon, & Kentledge or Iron ballast. On the 7th. of May, advertisements were issued for the yellow & pitch pine & white oak materials, & for the locust treenails; & measures were taken for examining into the terms on which the Cordage could be procured.\nMany other enquiries were likewise made, but no contracts or purchases were or could be completed before the 9th of June, the legislature not having granted until that time, the money requisite for the naval armament. On that day (the first moment when it was legal) an agreement was made with John T. Morgan a master shipwright of Boston to go to Charleston for the purpose of procuring in concert with persons in that place & in Savannah the live oak, red cedar & pitch pine materials. His business was to search for the timber, to superintend the cutting & forming it by the moulds for the frigates, & to procure it to be shipped for the six several ports at which the frigates were to be built, it was further agreed, with consent of the Secretary of War, that he should be employed to build a Frigate at Charleston, if one should be built there. By the concurrence of both Departments, he was to be allowed pay at the rate of two thousand dollars \u214c annum in full of all claims of services & expences in the Carolina\u2019s & Georgia, or while building. Like this all the principal contracts were made, as you will remember in concert with you after the necessary conferences from time to time.\nDaniel Stephens Esqr Supervisor of the Revenue & Isaac Holmes Esqr. Collector of the Customs, both of Charleston were appointed, by you to make the contracts for the timber in North & South Carolina & John Habersham Esqr Collector of the customs & Joseph Clay Esqr both of Savannah in Georgia were appointed to make the contracts for the timber in Georgia & to give all possible aid towards the advancement of the business to Mr. Morgan. No allowance for their agency has been yet made.\nOn the 16th of June, a letter was written to Jedediah Huntington Esqr. Collector of the customs at New London, to procure 60 Axemen & 30 Ship Carpenters in the Ports of Connecticut, Rhode Island & the Western Coast of Massachusetts, & provisions & other supplies were sent from New London, New York & Philadelphia as \u0153conomy & the nature of the articles appeared to require.\nThe time necessary for the collection of these persons and their apprehensions from the Climate & season occasioned their departure from New London to be delayed until the 23d day of September.\nThe agreements for the Live oak were made on the 2nd. day of September at Savannah at the rate of Six pence, money of Georgia \u214c foot, to be cut by the United States, but hauled to Water, navigable for Vessels of Eleven feet draught, by the Contractors.\nOn the 7th day of July, instructions were given to Mr. Habersham & Mr: Clay to hire such additional wood cutters & other hands as the public service might require & admit, it being deemed more expedient, that the business should be effected in a short time by a certain number, than that it should be effected in a term of twice the length by half the force of hands.\nOn the 25th day of June I furnished you with an estimate of the composition-metal, sheathing-copper, bolts & nails, bunting & Iron kitchens, for the Six frigates, all which were ordered from Europe; and a note of the anchors, which last were postponed for further inquiry, whether they could not be manufactured in the United States. The articles ordered are daily expected to arrive.\nOn the 30th of June some further measures to procure Anchors, by a circular application were taken, & proposals to make those of the smaller sizes at 8 Cents \u214c lb were received & accepted: as also proposals to furnish those of the larger sizes, which tho\u2019 accepted by the United States, were not confirmed by the Proposer, from unexpected circumstances.\nImmediately after the appointment of the Naval Agents at the Six ports by the Secretary at War, it was determined from considerations of \u0153conomy to employ the same Agents in the Treasury business. Instructions were sent to them in consequence, on the 5th: & 7th: days of July to procure all the White oak, yellow pine & treenails it being found, that they could be more easily, & \u0153conomically procured by those Agents & in most instances from the country in their vicinity.\nOn the 15th day of July other instructions were sent to them to procure the articles usually supplied or made by the Mastmakers, blockmakers, coopers, & boat builders; also to pay further attention to the procuring of Cordage & to make measures for the procuring of Sail Cloth, made in the United States.\nOn the 9th day of July a Contract was executed with Messrs. Levi Hollingsworth, Son & Company of Jersey & Pennsylvania for 92 tons of Cannon ball at 37\u2153 dollars, & 198 tons of Kentledge, at 28\u2154 dollars, & some time after the Contract was further extended to about 340 Tons.\nOn the 28th of July a contract was made with Messrs. J.J. Faesch & Compy. of New Jersey for 98 tons of Cannon ball & 256 tons of Kentledge at the same prices; and authority was since given to Henry Jackson Esqr. Naval agent at Boston to purchase 150 tons of Foreign Kentledge which had lain some time in the hands of a Citizen of Boston & which was sold at the reduced price of 25 dollars, because of that circumstance.\nOn the 28th day of June, a contract was made with the Cecil Iron Company (Samuel Hughes Esqr & others of Maryland) for three sixth parts of the twenty four pound Cannon.\nOn the 8th of August a contract was made with the owners of the furnace Hope (Messrs. Brown Francis & Co. of Providence) for two sixth parts of the same. The prices were 106\u2154 dollars & the difference of expence for boring from the solid. The first contract was made in concert with the Secretary at War & yourself; and 2nd: in concert with you. The two parties were then willing to have agreed for the remaining sixth part, but it was postponed to give to the Iron masters, in different quarters, an opportunity to contract. Since that, Contracts for the remaining sixth have been offered to the two parties abovementioned who are to give answers as soon as they shall have proved some of those Cannon for which they have already contracted.\nVessels amounting to about 2600 Tons have been dispatched or ordered to transport the timber from Georgia to the Six several ports, & they carried to the Southward, Axemen, Carpenters, provisions, Oxen, forage & implements.\nCaptain John Barry was dispatched to Georgia, in one of the Public Vesels, on the 5th of October to examine into the state of the business & to give expedition to the procuring & transportation of the timber. He had no allowance, but the amount of his expences. About the time of his return Mr Asa Copeland was sent thither to assist permanently in the Superintendance of one division of the Wood Cutters, & to expedite the transportation to the water side, & the shipment & stowage of the timber as Mr: Habersham & Mr: Clay are too remote to be of any use in that part of the business. His compensation is 3\u2153 Dollars \u214c day.\nOxen with grain & hay for them, & setts of timber wheels have been necessarily sent to Georgia for the purpose of transporting the timber, as the Contractors were deficient in means of that kind & on account of the live oak timber for one frigate, which was procured under circumstances that rendered it necessary to provide for its transportation.\nOn the 30th of August 100 tons of Kentledge was engaged of Messrs Gardner & Olden of Philadelphia, at the price of 28\u2154 Dollars.\nA second party of Carpenters have been engaged on the Delaware, 20 in number by Tench Francis Esqr & are now about to sail for Georgia.\nThe Naval Agents have been authorized to contract for Blacksmiths work, including the bar iron, when it may have or shall become necessary: also for composition bolts so far as the same may be requisite before the arrival of those ordered from Europe.\nIt is understood that agreements have been made by those Agents for the white oak timber, & other articles in pursuance of several instructions already mentioned.\nIt remains only to notice the Contract made in the month of September with the Boston Company for sail Cloth, sufficient for one entire suit of Sails for each frigate. The price which I understand to have been settled is from 13 to 15 dollars \u214c bolt of 39 yards.\nBesides the foregoing measures, which have been thus far matured, others are in that train of investigation, which the time necessary for the collection of the timber admits, in most instances & which is peculiarly desirable, in a new undertaking, of so great moment & expence.\nI cannot transmit to you this communication without suggesting the inconveniences & injuries to the United States particularly from external Quarters, which may arise from giving publicity to all its details.\nI have the honor to be \u2003 Sir, \u2003 Your most obedt. servant\nTench CoxeCommissioner of the Revenue\nThe Secretaryof the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0449", "content": "Title: Conversation with George Hammond, [23 December 1794\u20135 January 1795]\nFrom: Hammond, George,Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, December 23, 1794\u2013January 5, 1795]\nAlthough I have had no reason to suspect, that this government has ever deviated from the resolution, which I have formerly attributed to it, of declining to enter into any political connexion with Sweden and Denmark, I have nevertheless, since the receipt of your Lordship\u2019s last instructions, renewed my enquiries upon the subject, in an incidental conversation with Mr. Hamilton, from whom I have had the satisfaction of learning that, since his last communication to me respecting it, the propriety of this connexion has been discussed by the American ministers, who concur in opinion that, in no political situation of this country, would such a measure be expedient; as it would involve it in engagements with powers, with which it can have no common interest, and from which, in the moment of difficulty or danger it would derive no benefit or assistance. Exclusively of these obvious considerations, which dictates this policy, this country is generally in too unsettled a state, to admit of its entangling itself in connexions, which might eventually have a tendency to add a participation in the disputes of Europe to the internal causes of agitation. I could not with propriety attempt to discover from Mr. Hamilton whether the attention of this government had been directed to this object, in consequence, of the communications of Mr. D\u2019Engerstroem to Mr. Pinckney (as mentioned in your Lordship\u2019s No. 12) or of any more recent or formal overtures on the part of Sweden. I might have been inclined to conjecture that some proposition on this point had been made by the Court of Denmark, through the medium of General Walterstorff (the Governor of Santa Cruz) who has been some months in this country; had I not collected from various quarters, and positively from Mr. Hamilton, that General Walterstorff is charged with no public mission whatsoever, and that his visit to this city is merely of a private nature. In any case the result has been such as I have stated.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0450", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 23, 1794. In answer to \u201cenquiries \u2026 made by a committee of the house of Representatives relative to the clerks in the public offices,\u201d lists the clerks in his office, their duties, and their compensations.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0451", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 23, 1794. \u201cI have the honor of sending to you, herewith, two commissions for officers, designated as \u2018Supervisors of the United States for the District of Pennsylvania &ca.\u2019 It appears to me, that a question may arise, with respect to the validity of Official Acts performed by those Supervisors, by reason of the Stile of the designation of their offices, respectively, in their commissions: I therefore beg leave to suggest the propriety of stiling them Supervisors of the Revenue, for the District of Pennsylvania and Ohio, respectively.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0452", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Knox, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Knox, Henry\nTreasury Department, December 23, 1794. \u201cI send you a letter this moment received from the Commissioner of the Revenue, dated yesterday which contains the answer to your letter founded upon the order of the House of Representatives relative to the measures which have been adopted concerning the naval armament.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0453", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Purviance, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Purviance, Robert\nTreasury Department December 23d 1794.\nSir\nMessrs. Zacharie Coopman & Co. of Baltimore have represented to me, that you have said, that unless the principal of their Bonds lately put in Suit should be speedily discharged, you will discontinue the granting to them the customary credit on the duties arising from importations. It being my wish however to allow them a further indulgence, I have to request that you will continue to conform to the instruction contained in my letter to your predecessor in Office of the 20th of June last untill you hear from me again on the subject. A copy of the letter alluded to is transmitted herewith.\nI am with consideration \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most Obedient Servant\nA Hamilton\nRobert Purviance EsquireCollector of Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0454", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nDepartment of State, December 23d 1794\nSir\nThe Director of the Mint being of opinion, that it may be advantageous to contract for the fifty tons of Copper, offered by the Schuyler Copper Mine Company to be delivered by the last of May next, I must request you to obtain information whether the contract can be punctually fulfilled. In that case, I shall get the favor of you to enter into an engagement in behalf of the United States, at a price not exceeding that of imported Copper; provided there be funds, which the Mint can command.\nI have the honor to be, Sir, \u2003 with great respect and esteem \u2003 Your most obedient servant\nEdm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0455-0001", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasy. Dept. Decembr. 23d. 1794.\nSir,\nThe present state & prospects of the Treasury render it necessary, without delay, to exercise the power vested in the President by the act passed the 18 instant, intitled \u201can act authorizing a Loan of two millions of Dollars.\u201d\nTo enable him to determine this a probable view of receipts & expenditures distributed quarter yearly is herewith presented, and the form of a power as usual to The Secretary of the Treasury to make the Loan, is submitted.\nWith perfect respect &c.\nAlexander HamiltonSecy. of the Treasy.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0455-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: View of Probable State of the Treasury, [December 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nJany. 1.\nCash in Command of the Treasury\nDeficiency\nApril 1.\nReceipts from Imports & tonnage\n\u214c returns received, nearly\n\u214c Estimate on cases not returned\n\u214c Estimate on account of internal duties\nDeficiency\nJuly 1.\nReceipts from Imports & tonnage\npr. return nearly.\npr. Estimate (as above)\npr. Estimate on accot. of internal duties\nDeficiency\nOcto. 1.\nReceipts as last quarter\nDeficiency\nJany. 1.\nReceipts pr. Estimate\nDeficiency\nin the Year\u20141795.\nJan: 1.\nInterest nearly\nSupport of Government\nMilitary & naval Departmt. & miscellany\nInstalment of temporary Loans\nApril 1.\nDeficiency\nInterest\nSupport of Government\nMilitary & naval Departmt. & miscellany\nInstallments of temporary Loans which fell due since January 1st\nDeficiency brot. down\nJuly 1.\nInterest\nSupport of Government\nMilitary & naval Departmt. & miscellany\nOctor. 1.\nDeficiency brought Down\nInterest &ca as last quarter\nDeficiency brought down\nJany. 1.\nInterest &ca. as last Quarter", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0456", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nTreasury Department Dec. 23d. \u201994.\nSir,\nI have the honor of transmitting to you an account between the Collector of New York, and the United States, which has been adjusted at the Treasury, and a balance of Dolls. 1533. \u2078\u2079\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080. stated to be due to the said Collector.\nAs all claims of a similar nature with the foregoing have been hitherto paid out of the Fund destined to defray the Contingent Charges of Government, I have deemed adviseable to ask your permission, to discharge the said sum of Dolls. 1533 \u2078\u2079\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080 out of the twenty thousand dollars appropriated for these purposes, at the last session of Congress.\nWith the most perfect respect &c.\nA Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0457", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 24 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, December 24, 1794. On December 25\u201327, 1794, Coxe wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI have Just received your letter of the 24th istant.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0458", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Stephen Moylan, 24 December 1794\nFrom: Moylan, Stephen\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] December 24, 1794. \u201cThe Amount of interest on Stock remaining on the books of this office for the quarter ending the 31st Instant is 18963. dollars 44. Cents 8 Mills for which sum you will please to issue a Warrant.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0459", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [24 December 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, December 24, 1794]\nFor carrying into execution the provisions of the Act of the 18 day of this present month, whereby the President of the Ud. States is authorised & empowered to borrow a certain sum of money on the credit of the United States.\nI do hereby authorize you the said Secretary of the Treasury, in the name and on the credit of the said United States, to borrow of the Bank of the United States, or of any other body or bodies politic, person or persons whomsoever, a sum not exceeding Two Millions of Dollars, at an interest not exceeding five per centem per annum, and to enter into such agreements for the reimbursement thereof as shall be needful & proper, hereby promising to ratify whatever you shall lawfully do in the premises.\nIn testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my hand at the City of Philadelphia the 24 day of december in the year 1794.\nGo. Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0461", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 25 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, December 25, 1794. On December 26, 1794, Coxe wrote to Hamilton: \u201cI have received your letter of the 25th. inst: relative to anchors.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0463", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the President and Directors of the Bank of the United States, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President and Directors of the Bank of the United States\n[Philadelphia, December 26, 1794. The dealer\u2019s catalogue description of this letter reads as follows: \u201cAsking for an extension of a loan to Treasury.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0464", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edward Carrington, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Carrington, Edward\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nRichmond Decr. 26th. 1794\nDr. Sir,\nI have been favored with yours of the 19th. Instant covering your private letter of the same date to Governor Lee. I hear he has left Winchester, & will probably be here tomorrow or next day, and have thought it best to keep his letter until his arrival. The explanations contained in this letter to him, are such as I had anticipated, as you might have perceived from mine to you of the 11th.\nHad there been no difficulties to encounter from a want of appropriated Funds, it would have been impossible, upon an arrangement taken at Camp on the 23d. Nov. & was still to be communicated at Philada., for you to have sent the money to the places designated, in time for the arrival of the several detachments; nor does it appear to me, that such an arrangement should have been made, without a previous knowledge of the readiness of Government to meet it, as it was well known that the service was an unforeseen one, for which the existing Revenues had not been assigned; nor yet am I of opinion, that dissatisfaction would have been the consequence of an explained communication to the Troops, that balances of pay must remain unpaid for some short time after their return home. As reasonable & patriotic Citizens, they ought not to have been dissatisfied, because such treatment would have been consistent with every practicable application of unascertained Sums at a distance from the Treasury, even had appropriated Funds been there: much much should it be considered such in a case which, being unforseen, had not been provided for by the Legislature. Indeed, I think it extremely unpolitic, to impress upon the minds of the people, ideas, that the degree of punctuality which has, in this instance, been attempted, is the only ground on which Government can expect their services when necessary for its support. Good Men may be treated like petulant Children, and by that means, be made equally unreasonable & perverse; on the other hand, both good & bad Men may, by firm & plain lessons of reason, be taught to accommodate their demands upon Government to the due course of an honest administration. It has been said that this degree of punctuality is necessary from the impossibility of getting the balances into the hands of the disposed individuals, and that Speculators would, for trifles, purchase up the Claims; it, however, appears to me that every evil suggested could easily have been provided against; and, if the Troops have been duly Mustered, they very probably are provided against. Every soldier who remained, to the last of his Service, under the head of his original Officer, whether discharged at the end of the Service, or imtermediately, is locally known; if, by any means, he has appeared under the head of another Officer, his locality was, or should have been, noted in the subsequent Musters, particularly on the final one. Under these precautions the balances of pay might be sent to the respective Brigadiers in the Country, who should be relied on to provide for the payment thereof to the individuals entitled, by the persons whom they might appoint, and be responsible for; the actual rects. of the individuals to be rendered in the settlement of the Accounts, and the genuineness of the Receipts to be proven by the oaths of the payers of the monies. An arrangement of this kind discards every idea of Assignees recovering payment, & presents a certain and sufficiently rapid course for the passage of unpaid balances to the identical persons entitled thereto. Moderate commissions might be allowed to the Brigadiers & their agents on these special occasions, which would be amply compensated by the relief Govt. would receive under convenient postponements of such demands, & the satisfaction to the claimants when payments are necessarily deferred. It appears to me that the Brigadiers of Militia may be made very happy instruments in both the commencement & ending of every tour of Militia duty, & it would be well to introduce practices of making them such. The Brigade districts embrace, each, an extent of space & numbers, convenient for individual Communications; and the Brigadiers are naturally presented as convenient & safe Agents, both for the public, & the respective individuals concerned. In all the arrangements which have been entrusted to me in relation to the late expedition, I have endeavored to call into practice the services of the Brigadiers, when they could possibly be embraced; and they have been found to contribute greatly to facilitate the service, and to accomodate individuals.\nYour observations upon the experience and unweildy arrangements of some of the lines, arising from an overproportion of Officers, & a multiplied Staff, I trust & believe, had not reference to the Virginia line. I think the Staff was put on as Moderate a Scale as was practicable, and early measures were taken to consolidate the thin Corps, and dismiss the Supernumerary Officers. Genl Morgan, as well as Darke & Mattews, under whom the Virga. line was formed, were good enough to act very confidentially with me and enclosed you will receive copies of communications between me & Genl Morgan, leading to early reductions of officers & Waggons, two of the most devouring sources of expence, & the most productive of impediment, that can possibly hang upon an Army. I have every reason to hope, from the sums furnished to Colo. Byrd, who has supplied transportation forage fuel & Straw to the Virga. line throughout the expedition, including forage fuel & straw to that of Maryland from, & back to, Fort Cumberland, that the moderation of our Staff arrangement will be apparent: I have the satisfaction to hear from all concerned that his supplies have been timely & ample.\nWhether the Inspections & Musters of the Troops have been well attended to in the Virga. line, will appear by a view of the Returns. The inclosed letter from me to Major Pryor of the 12th. of October, will shew you that the various objects of his appointment were fully presented to him, and, from my knowledge of his Capacity & usual diligence, I am in hopes the purposes of his appointment have been well effected.\nI have not felt that the observations and information which I now communicate were necessary to remove from your mind impressions to the disadvantage of the arrangements of the Virga. li\u27e8ne\u27e9 but it will not be unsatisfactory to you to receive them.\nI am with the greatest regard & Esteem \u2003 Dr sir \u2003 Your Most Obt st\nEd Carrington\nAlexander Hamilton EsqSecretary of the Ty.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0465", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 26, 1794. \u201cI have received your letter of the 25th. inst: relative to anchors. You will find my letter of the 25th June, the highest supposed prices &c. of the anchors, and in mine of the 8th. inst. you will find the particular anchors yet wanted.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0466", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 26, 1794. \u201cIt is with extreme concern that I enclose to you a letter of a very improper tenor indeed, from Messr. Nicholas Hoffman & Co. at New York, to Tench Francis Esqr. dated on the 22d instant, and this day received by me from the hands of Mr. Francis.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0467", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 26, 1794. \u201cEnclosed is a copy of a letter from T: Francis Esqr: of this date, concerning advances for Fort Mifflin &ca. You will be pleased to cause such order to be taken on it as the necessity of the case shall appear to require.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0468", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 26, 1794. \u201cA considerable impediment to the arrangement of compensations adjusted on Thursday night has just occurred. The 13th Section of the law of the 5th June has been inadvertently caused to refer to the 30th day of June 1795 (\u2018next\u2019) by the postponement of the consummation of the Act from the preceding month until the commencement of the month of June 1794.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0471-0001", "content": "Title: Report on an Account of Receipts and Expenditures of the United States for the Year 1793, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Speaker of the House of Representatives\nTreasury Department, December 26th. 1794.[Communicated on December 29, 1794]\n[To the Speaker of the House of Representatives]\nSir,\nI have the honor to transmit a letter of this date, from the Comptroller of the Treasury, together with the Statements mentioned in it, which it has been impracticable to transmit Earlier in the Session, And to be, with perfect respect,\nSir, \u2003 Your obedient Servant,\nAlex: Hamilton.\nThe HonorableThe Speaker of the House of Representatives.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0471-0004", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Statement of the Application of Monies Drawn from the Appropriation Made by the Act of the 8th of May, 1792, [26 December 1794]\nFrom: \nTo: \nMonies Drawn.\nDollars.Cts.\nMarch.\nInterest received and expended in purchases by Benjamin Lincoln,\nInterest due this day,\nJune 30.\nditto,\nSept.\nditto,\nditto,\nMar.\nditto,\nJune 30.\nditto,\nSept.\nditto,\nditto,\nMarch.\nditto,\nditto, received from William Heth, arising on stock purchased by him,\nditto, Benjamin Lincoln,\nditto ditto,\nwhich had been stated in his name, and returned to the Treasury among unclaimed dividends,\nJune 30.\nditto, due this day\nditto, received from Samuel Emery, due on part of the commutation of Simeon Thayer,\nditto, John Hopkins, due on part of ditto of Willis Wilson,\nSeptemb.\nditto, due this day,\nditto,\nExpenditure in Purchases.\nAuditor\u2019s report.\nBy whom purchased.\nDate.\nNo.\nWhen purchased or redeemed.\nSix per cent. stock.\nThree per cent. stock.\nDeferred stock.\nAmount of the several species of\nAmount of monies\nOriginal. Dolls. Cts.\nAssumed. Dolls. Cts.\nOriginal. Dolls. Cts.\nAssumed. Dolls. Cts.\nOriginal. Dolls. Cts.\nAssumed. Dolls. Cts.\nstocks. Dolls. Cts.\nexpended. Dolls. Cts.\nBenj. Lincoln,\npart of purchases from Feb. 22, 1791, to March 3, 1791,\nSamuel Meredith,\nDitto,\npart of purchases from Jan. 17, 1793, to Feb. 1, 1793,\nDitto,\nMay 11,\nfrom April 18, to May 2,\nDitto,\nDec. 4,\nfrom July 31, to August 1.\nfor interest on stock purchased,\nBalance on Dec. 31, 1793, accounted for in purchases, in the year 1794,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0471-0007", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Payments for the Support of the Civil List, [26 December 1794]\nFrom: \nTo: \n    To the President of the United States, On Account of his Compensation.\n    January\n    Warrant No.\n    March\n    April\n    May\n    June\n    July\n    August\n    September\n    November\n    December\n    To the Vice-President of the United States, On Account of his Compensation.\n    March\n    Warrant No.\n    June\n    September\n    December\n    Judiciary Department.\n    For compensations to the Judges, the Attorney General, the Marshals, including Jurors, Witnesses and certain contingent expenses, the district Attornies, the Clerks of the several Courts, and for the expense of keeping prisoners, committed under the authority of the United States.\n    To John Jay, Chief Justice of the United States.\n    January\n    Warrant No.\n    April\n    July\n    November\n    To John Blair, one of the Associate Judges of the Supreme Court.\n    January\n    Warrant No.\n    April\n    July\n    December\n    To James Wilson, one of the Associate Judges of the Supreme Court.\n    January\n    Warrant No.\n    April\n    July\n    December\n    To Thomas Johnson, one of the Associate Judges of the Supreme Court.\n    January\n    Warrant No.\n    To William Cushing, one of the Associate Judges of the Supreme Court.\n    January\n    Warrant No.\n    April\n    July\n    November\n    To James Iredell, one of the Associate Judges of the Supreme Court.\n    January\n    Warrant No.\n    April\n    July\n    November\n    To William Paterson, one of the Associate Judges of the Supreme Court.\n    July\n    Warrant No.\n    November\nDistrict of Maine.\nFebruary\nTo David Sewall, Judge, warrant No.\nJuly\ndo. do.\ndo. do.\nNovember\ndo. do.\nNovember\nTo Henry Dearborn, marshal, warrant No.\ndo. do.\nDecember\nTo John Hobby, marshal, do.\nDistrict of New-Hampshire.\nJanuary\nTo John Sullivan, Judge war. No.\nApril\ndo. do.\nJuly\ndo. do.\nDecember\ndo. do.\nNathaniel Rogers, marshal, do\nDistrict of Massachusetss.\nMay\nTo John Brooks, marshal, war. No.\nDecember\ndo. do.\nDistrict of Rhode-Island\nJanuary\nTo Henry Merchant, Judge, war. No.\nApril\ndo. do.\nJuly\ndo. do.\nNovember\ndo. do.\nMay\nTo William Peck, marshal, do.\nDecember\ndo do\nDistrict of Connecticut.\nJan.\nTo Richard Law, Judge, warrant, No.\nApril\ndo. do.\nJuly\ndo. do.\nNovem.\ndo. do.\nJune\nPhilip B. Bradley, marshal, do.\nDistrict of Vermont.\nJan.\nTo Nathaniel Chipman, Judge, war No.\nApril\ndo. do.\nJuly\ndo. do.\ndo. do.\nJan.\nLewis R. Morris, marshal, do.\nMarch\ndo. do.\nJune\ndo. do.\ndo. do.\nDistrict of New-York.\nDecem.\nTo Matthew Clarkson, late marshal, warrant No.\nMay\nAquilla Giles, marshal, do.\nDistrict of New-Jersey\nJan.\nTo Robert Morris, Judge, warrant, No.\nApril\ndo. do.\nJuly\ndo. do.\nNovem.\ndo. do.\nMarch\nThomas Lowrey, do.\nDistrict of Pennsylvania.\nJan.\nTo Richard Peters, Judge, warrant No.\nApril\ndo do.\nJuly\ndo do.\nNovem.\ndo do.\nDecem.\nClement Biddle, marshal, do.\nJune\ndo do.\nDistrict of Delaware.\nJan.\nTo Gunning Bedford, Judge war. No.\nApril\ndo. do.\nMarch\nAllen McLean, marshal, do.\nDecem.\ndo. do.\nDistrict of Maryland.\nJan.\nTo William Paca, Judge, warrant, No.\nApril\ndo. do.\nJuly\ndo. do.\nNov.\ndo. do.\nJuly\nNathaniel Ramsay, marshal, do.\nDistrict of Virginia.\nJan.\nTo Cyrus Griffin, Judge, warrant, No.\nApril\ndo. do.\nJuly\ndo. do.\nDecem.\ndo. do.\nJan.\nEdward Carrington, late marshal, do.\nDavid M. Randolph, marshal, do.\nAug.\ndo. do.\ndo. do.\nDistrict of Kentuckey.\nJan.\nTo Harry Innes, Judge warrant, No.\nMay\ndo. do.\nJuly\ndo. do.\nNov.\ndo. do.\nMay\nSamuel McDowell, marshal, do.\nDistrict of North-Carolina.\nJan.\nTo John Sitgreaves, Judge, warrant, No.\nApril\ndo. do.\nJuly\ndo. do.\nNov.\ndo. do.\nDecem.\nJohn Skinner, marshal, do.\ndo. do.\nJan.\ndo. do.\nMay\ndo. do.\ndo. do.\nAug.\ndo. do.\ndo. do.\nDistrict of South-Carolina.\nJan.\nTo Thomas Bee, Judge, warrant, No.\nApril\ndo. do.\nJuly\ndo. do.\nNov.\ndo. do.\nMay\nIsaac Huger, marshal, do.\nAug.\ndo. do.\ndo. do.\nJan,\nThomas Hall, Clerk, do.\nDistrict of Georgia.\nJan.\nTo Nathaniel Pendleton, Judge, war. No.\nApril\ndo. do.\nJuly\ndo. do.\nNov.\ndo. do.\nFeb.\nRobert Forsyth, marshal, do.\nEdmund Randolph, Attorney General of the United States.\nJan.\nWarrant No.\nMarch\ndo.\ndo.\nApril\ndo.\nJuly\ndo.\nDecem.\ndo.\nLegislative Department.\nFor Compensation to the Senators and Members of the House of Representatives their Officers and Clerks, and for the contingent expences of both Houses.\nContinuation of the Second Session of the Second Congress.\nTo Samuel A. Otis to enable him to pay the compensations due to the Senators.\nDecem.\nWarrant No.\nMarch\ndo\nAmount of monies advanced to Mr. Otis in the year 1792, the expenditure of which was not accounted for in the last statement\nAmount received by him to the eighth day of March, 1793.\nFor which he has accounted by payments to the following Senators, viz.\nTo Stephen R. Bradley;\nRichard Basset,\nJohn Brown,\nAaron Burr,\nPierce Butler,\nGeorge Cabot,\nPhilemon Dickinson,\nJohn Edwards,\nOliver Ellsworth,\nWilliam Few,\nTheodore Foster,\nJames Gunn,\nBenjamin Hawkins,\nRalph Izard,\nRufus King,\nJohn Henry,\nJohn Langdon,\nSamuel Livermore,\nJames Monroe,\nRobert Morris,\nRichard Potts,\nGeorge Read,\nMoses Robinson,\nJohn Rutherfurd,\nSamuel Johnston,\nRoger Sherman\nCaleb Strong,\nJoseph Stanton, jun.\nJohn Taylor,\nPaine Wingate,\nFirst Session of the Third Congress.\nTo Samuel A. Otis, to enable him to pay the compensations due to the Senators.\nDec.\nWarrant No.\n   The expenditure of this sum will appear in the next statement.\nTo the Reverend William White, Chaplain to the Senate.\nMarch\nWarrant No.\nTo Samuel A. Otis, Secretary to the Senate.\nJan.\nWarrant No.\ndo.\n   The daily compensations of his Clerks are included in these Warrants.\nMarch\ndo.\n   The daily compensations of his Clerks are included in these Warrants.\ndo.\n   The daily compensations of his Clerks are included in these Warrants.\nApril\ndo.\ndo.\n   The daily compensations of his Clerks are included in these Warrants.\nJuly\ndo.\nDec.\ndo.\n   The daily compensations of his Clerks are included in these Warrants.\nTo Robert Heysham, principal Clerk to the Secretary of the Senate.\nMarch\nWarrant No.\nAug.\ndo.\nTo James Mathers, Doorkeeper to the Senate.\nMarch\nWarrant No.\nApril\ndo.\nJuly\ndo.\nNov.\ndo.\nTo Cornelius Maxwell, Assistant Doorkeeper to the Senate.\nMarch\nWarrant No.\ndo.\nApril\ndo.\nJuly\ndo.\nNov.\ndo.\nTo Samuel A. Otis, on account of the contingent expenses of the Senate.\nMarch\nWarrant No.\n  Continuation of the Second Session of the Second Congress.\n  To Jonathan Trumbull, Speaker of the House of Representatives, to enable him to pay the compensations due to the Members and Officers of said House.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n        Amount of monies advanced to Mr. Trumbull in the year 1792, the expenditure of which was not accounted for in the last statement\n              Amount paid to him on the 4th of March 1793.\n        For which he has accounted by the following payments, viz.\n              To Nicholas Gilman, one of the Members of the House of Representatives of the United States.\n        To Samuel Livermore,\n        Jeremiah Smith\n        Fisher Ames\n        Shearjashub Bourne\n        Eldridge Gerry\n        Benjamin Goodhue\n        George Leonard\n        Theodore Sedgwick\n        George Thatcher\n        Artemas Ward\n        Benjamin Bourne\n        James Hillhouse\n        Amasa Learned\n        Jonathan Sturges\n        Jeremiah Wadworth\n        Nathaniel Niles\n        Israel Smith\n        Egbert Benson\n        James Gordon\n        John Lawrence\n        Corn. C. Schoonmaker\n        Peter Silvester\n        Thomas Tredwell\n        Elias Boudinot\n        Abraham Clark\n        Jonathan Dayton\n        Aaron Kitchell\n        William Findley,\n        Thomas Fitzsimons\n        Andrew Gregg\n        Thomas Hartley\n        Daniel Heister\n        Israel Jacobs\n        John W. Kittera\n        Fred. A. Muhlenberg\n        Philip Key\n        John F. Mercer\n        William V. Murray\n        William Hindman,\n        Samuel Sterrett\n        William B. Giles\n        Samuel Griffin\n        Richard Bland Lee\n        James Madison\n        Andrew Moore\n        John Page\n        Josiah Parker\n        Abraham Venable\n        Alexander White\n        Christopher Greenup\n        Alexander D. Orr\n        John Baptist Ashe\n        William Barry Grove\n        Nathaniel Macon\n        John Steel\n        Hugh Williamson\n        Robert Barnwell\n        Daniel Huger\n        William Smith\n        Thomas Sumpter\n        Thomas Tudor Tucker\n        Abraham Baldwin\n        John Milledge\n        Francis Willis\n        Jonathan Trumbull, Speaker of the House of Representatives.\n        The Rev. A. Green, Chaplain, \n        J. Wheaton, Serjeant at Arms, \n  First Session of the Third Congress.\n  To Frederick A. Muhlenberg, Speaker of the House of Representatives, to enable him to pay the Compensations due to the Members and Officers of said House.\nDec.\nWarrant No.\n   The expenditure of this sum will be shewn in the next statement.\n  To Daniel Huger one of the Members of the House of Representatives.\nWarrant No.\n  To John Beckley, Clerk of the House Representatives, and the Clerks in His Office.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  March\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  To Gifford Dally, Doorkeeper to the House of Representatives.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  April\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  To Thomas Claxton, Assistant Doorkeeper to the House of Representatives.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  April\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  To John Beckley, on account of the Contingent Expenses of the House of Representatives.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  do.\n  do.\n  June\n  do.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  Treasury Department\n  For the Salaries of the Officers the Clerks and Messengers, and for the contingent expences of the Department.\n  To Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, his Clerks and Messenger.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  Feb.\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  To Oliver Wolcott, Jun. Comptroller of the Treasury, his Clerks and Messenger.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  March\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  To Richard Harrison, Auditor of the Treasury, his Clerks and Messenger.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  March\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  May\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  To Samuel Meredith, Treasurer of the United States, his Clerks and Messenger.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  March\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  To Tench Coxe, Commissioner of the Revenue, his Clerks and Messenger.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  To Joseph Nourse, Register of the Treasury, his Clerks and Messengers.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  March\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  do.\n  June\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  To David Henley and Isaac Sherman, Clerks employed to count bills of credit of the old and new emissions and indents of Interest.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Aug.\n  do.\n  For the Contingent Expenses of the Treasury Department.\n  March\n  To Joseph Nourse, Register, war. No.\n  do. do.\n  do. do.\n  Samuel Meredith, Treasurer, do.\n  April\n  Henry Kuhl do.\n  May\n  Joseph Nourse, Register, do.\n  do. do.\n  June\n  Samuel Meredith, Treasurer, do.\n  July\n  Joseph Nourse, Register, do.\n  Sept.\n  do. do.\n  do. do.\n  Dec.\n  do. do.\n  do. do.\n  Samuel Meredith Treasurer, do.\n  Department of State\n  To Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State, his Clerks and Messenger.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  April\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  For the Contingent Expenses of his Office.\n  Mar.\n  Warrant No.\n  April\n  do.\n  Department of War\n  To Henry Knox, Secretary at War, his Clerks and Messenger.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  March\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  To Joseph Howell, Accountant to the Department of War for his own and Clerks salaries and the contingent expenses of his Office.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  March\n  do.\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  To William Irvine, John Kean and W. Langdon, Commissioners for adjusting the accounts between the United States and the Individual States, their Clerks and Messenger.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  April\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  For the Contingent Expenses of their Office.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  Aug.\n  do.\n  Department of the Mint.\n  To Tristram Dalton, Treasurer of the Mint for the use of that Establishment.\n  June\n  Warrant No.\n  July\n  do.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n      Government of the Western Territories.\n      District North-West of the River Ohio.\n      For the compensations of the Governor, the Judges and the Secretary of the North western Territory.\n      To Arthur St. Clair, Gov. war. No.\n      April\n      July\n      George Turner one of the Judges,\n      April\n      July\n      Rufus Putnam, one of the Judges,\n      April\n      John Cleves Symmes, one of the Judges, do.\n      Winthrop Sargent, Sec\u2019ry, do.\n      District South of the River Ohio.\n      For the compensations of the Governor, the Judges, the Secretary and the contingent expenses of the Government.\n      To William Blount, Governor, war. No.\n      April\n      July\n      John McNairy, one of the Judges,\n      April\n      July\n      Joseph Anderson, one of the Judges,\n      April\n      July\n      David Campbell, one of the Judges,\n      July\n      Daniel Smith, Secretary, do.\n      April\n      July\n      June\n      do. for the contingent expenses of the Offices of the Government. do.\n      To the Commissioners of Loans, for their Own and Clerk\u2019S Salaries, and for the Authorized Contingent Expenses of their Several Offices.\n      To William Gardner, New-Hampshire,\n      March\n      April\n      July\n      Nathaniel Appleton, Massachusetts, No.\n      April\n      July\n      Jabez Bowen, Rhode-Island \n      March\n      April\n      July\n      William Imlay, Connecticut,\n      March\n      April\n      June\n      July\n      John Cochran, New-York\n      March\n      April\n      July\n      James Ewing, New-Jersey,\n      March\n      April\n      July\n      Thomas Smith, Pennsylvania,\n      March\n      April\n      July\n      James Tilton, Delaware,\n      March\n      April\n      July\n      Thomas Harwood, late Commissioner for Maryland War.\n      Benjamin Harwood, Commissioner for Maryland \n      July\n      John Hopkins, Virginia,\n      March\n      April\n      July\n      William Skinner, N. Carolina,\n      March\n      April\n      July\n      John Neufville, South Carolina,\n      April\n      July\n      Richard Wylly, Georgia,\n      April\n      July\n    Pensions Annuities and Grants, Paid to the Following Persons Pursuant to Sundry Acts of Congress.\n    To Baron De Steuben, per act of June 4, 1790.\n    Warrant No.\n    April\n    July\n    To Joseph Brussels, per act of September 15, 1783.\n    Warrant No.\n    To Dominique, L\u2019Eglize, per act of August 8, 1782.\n    Warrant No.\n    April\n    July\n    To John Jordan, per act of September 15, 1783.\n    Warrant No.\n    April\n    July\n    To David Williams, per act of November, 3, 1780,\n    March\n    Warrant No.\n    May\n    To James McKenzie, per act of September 15, 1783.\n    April\n    Warrant No.\n    To Elizabeth Bergen, per act of August 24, 1781.\n    April\n    Warrant No.\n    July\n    To John Warren, Guardian to the younger children of the late Major General Joseph Warren, per act of the first of July 1780.\n    May\n    Warrant No.\n    To John Paulding, per act of November 30, 1780.\n    May\n    Warrant No.\n    To Lewis Joseph De Beaulieu, per act of the fifth of August, 1782.\n    June\n    Warrant No.\n    To Isaac Van Wart, per act of November 3, 1780.\n    June\n    Warrant No.\n    To Lieutenant Colonel De Touzard, per act of the 27th of October, 1778.\n    July\n    Warrant No.\n    To Joseph Traversie, per act of August 8, 1792.\n    Warrant No.\n    To Richard Gridley, per acts of the 17th of November, 1775, and the 26th of February, 1781.\n    July\n    Warrant No.\n    To the Widow and Orphan Children of the late Colonel John Harden, per act of the 27th of February 1793.\n    Warrant No.\n    Payments on Account of the War Department\n    To Samuel Meredith, on account of the pay of the Army, the subsistence and forage of Officers, the bounties to Soldiers, the expenses of the Recruiting service, and the incidental and contingent expenses of the Department of War.\n    Warrant No.\n    March\n    April\n    May\n    June\n    July\n    Sept\n    To Robert Elliott and Elie Williams, Contractors for supplying the Army.\n    Warrant No.\n    March\n    April\n    June\n    July\n    To James O\u2019Hara, Quarter-Master General for the Army, for the use of his Department.\n    Warrant No.\n    March\n    April\n    May\n    June\n    To Tench Francis, Agent for procuring certain supplies.\n    Warrant No.\n    March\n    April\n    May\n    June\n    July\n    To William Young and George Dannacker Contractors for supplying the Army with Clothing.\n    March\n    Warrant No.\n    April\n    May\n    June\n    July\n    To the following Contractors and Agents for supplies of different kinds furnished for the use of the Army.\n    Clement Biddle, for supplies furnished in Philadelphia.\n    Warrant No.\n    John Nicholson, for Rifle Guns delivered into the public Store in Philadelphia.\n    Warrant No.\n    Thomas Billington and Charles Young for Clothing supplied in Philadelphia.\n    Warrant No.\n    Abraham Hunt, for supplies furnished at Trenton in the State of New-Jersey.\n    Warrant No.\n    March\n    June\n    Melancton Smith, for supplies furnished in the state of New-York.\n    Warrant No.\n    April\n    June\n    Jackson and Smith, for Medicines furnished for the use of the Army.\n    Warrant No.\n    Rufus Putnam, for expenditures and supplies furnished in the Indian Department.\n    Warrant No.\n    March\n    Matthias Slough, for supplies furnished at Lancaster, in Pennsylvania.\n    Warrant No.\n    March\n    John Bray, for supplies furnished at New-Brunswick, in New-Jersey.\n    Warrant No.\n    March\n    May\n    Chauncey Whittelsey, for supplies furnished at Middletown, in Connecticut.\n    Warrant No.\n    June\n    Jacob Millart, for supplies furnished at Richmond, in Virginia.\n    March\n    Warrant No.\n    June\n    Matthew Spillard, for supplies furnished in Philadelphia.\n    March\n    Warrant No.\n    April\n    June\n    Richmond Pearson, for supplies furnished at Salisbury, in North-Carolina.\n    March\n    Warrant No.\n    May\n    Stephen Bruce, for supplies furnished at Boston.\n    April\n    Warrant No.\n    June\n    Doctor J. K. Read, for medicine and attending the recruits at Richmond, Virginia.\n    June\n    Warrant No.\n    James Glenholm, for supplies furnished at Winchester, in Virginia.\n    June\n    Warrant No.\n    John Robinson, for supplies furnished at Montgomery Court-House, in Virginia.\n    June\n    Warrant No.\n    Nathaniel Rochester, for supplies furnished at Hagers-Town, in Maryland.\n    June\n    Warrant No.\n    Benajah Smith, for supplies furnished in the state of Georgia.\n    July\n    Warrant No.\n    William Minor, for supplies furnished in the state of Georgia.\n    July\n    Warrant No.\n    John Habersham, for supplies furnished in the state of Georgia.\n    Warrant No.\n    Jacob Bower, for supplies furnished at Reading, in Pennsylvania.\n    Warrant No.\n    Archibald Woods, for supplies furnished in the state of Virginia, Warrant No.\n    Captain Joseph Savage, for supplies furnished in the state of Georgia,\n    John Deniston, for supplies furnished in the state of Pennsylvania\n    Patrick Campbell, for supplies furnished at Pittsburgh,\n    William Cooke, for supplies furnished at Northumberland,\n    Goldthwait and Baldwin, for medicines furnished for the use of the General Hospital,\n    Aaron Robinson, for supplies furnished in the state of Vermont,\n    Thomas Johnson, jun. for supplies furnished at Richmond, in Virginia,\n    March\n    John Stewart, for supplies furnished at Lewisburg, in Virginia,\n    Burrell Brown, for supplies furnished at Charlotte court-house, in Virginia,\n    Andrew Hannah, for supplies furnished at the said court-house\n    Henry Van Der Burg, for supplies furnished at Post Vincennes,\n    April\n    Captain Howell Lewis, for supplies furnished at Charlotte court-house, in Virginia\n    Francis Vigo, for supplies furnished at Post Vincent,\n    Matthews and Bodwell, for repairing a blockhouse at Galliopolis,\n    May\n    Ebenezer Stott and Co. for freight of two boxes of clothing,\n    Daniel Tillinghast, for supplies furnished at Providence, in Rhode-Island,\n    Doctor Moses Scott, for medicines furnished at New-Brunswick, in New-Jersey.\n    Captain R. H. Greaton, for so much paid for medical assistance rendered to himself and recruits at Boston,\n    Abraham Morrow, for rifle-guns delivered into the public store in Philadelphia,\n    John Duncan, for expences attending packhorses, the payment whereof was guaranteed by General St. Clair on behalf of the public, and for which Theodosius Fowler is charged on account of his contract of the twenty-eighth of October 1790,\n    June\n    William Smith, for supplies furnished at Springfield, in Massachusetts,\n    Strong and Porter, for supplies furnished at Bennington, in Vermont,\n    David Poe, for supplies furnished and to be furnished at Baltimore,\n    July\n    I. and C. Wilkins, & Co. for distilled spirits purchased for the use of the army,\n    Nathaniel Waters, for inspecting hats for the use of the army,\n    Leonard Marbury, for supplies furnished in the state of Georgia,\n    Speirs McLeod and Co. for supplies furnished in the said state of Georgia,\n    Thomas Edgar, for supplies furnished in the state of Virginia,\n    John Sullivan, for supplies furnished at NewYork,\n    Peter Cooper, for inspecting the clothing furnished by Young and Dannacker, for the troops of the United States.\n    John Miller, for inspecting clothing furnished for the use of the army,\n    Israel Chapin, for supplies furnished and expences incurred by him for the five nations of Indians,\n      To William Blount, Governor of the Territory South of the Ohio, for the use of the Department of War within the said Territory.\n      Warrant No.\n      June\n      To James King, for supplies furnished in the Territory south of the Ohio.\n      Warrant No.\n  To the Following Agents for Paying Pensions due to Military Invalids.\n  State of New-Hampshire.\n  Feb.\n  William Gardner, War. No.\n  Dec.\n  do. do.\n  State of Massachusetts.\n  Feb.\n  Nathaniel Appleton, war. No.\n  Aug.\n  do. do.\n  State of Rhode-Island.\n  Feb.\n  Jabez Bowen, war. No.\n  Aug.\n  do. do.\n  State of Connecticut.\n  Feb.\n  William Imlay, war. No.\n  Jedediah Huntington, do.\n  Dec.\n  William Imlay, do.\n  State of Vermont.\n  Feb.\n  Noah Smith, war. No.\n  State of New-York.\n  Feb.\n  John Cochran, war. No.\n  Aug.\n  do. do.\n  State of New-Jersey.\n  Jan.\n  James Ewing, war. No.\n  Aug.\n  do. do.\n  State of Pennsylvania.\n  Feb.\n  Thomas Smith, war. No.\n  Aug.\n  do. do.\n  State of Delaware.\n  Jan.\n  James Tilton, War. No.\n  Aug.\n  do. do.\n  State of Maryland.\n  Feb.\n  Benjamin Harwood, war. No.\n  Aug.\n  do. do.\n  State of Virginia.\n  Feb.\n  John Hopkins, War. No.\n  Dec.\n  do. do.\n  State of North-Carolina.\n  Feb.\n  William Skinner, war. No.\n  Feb.\n  do. do.\n  April\n  The State of N. Carolina,\n  Dec.\n  William Skinner, do.\n  State of Georgia.\n  Feb.\n  Richard Wylly, War. No.\n  Dec.\n  do. do.\n  For Defraying the Expences of Treaties of Peace with the Indian Tribes.\n  To Benjamin Lincoln, Beverly Randolph and Timothy Pickering, Commissioners for treating with the Indians Northwest of the Ohio.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  April\n  do.\n  do.\n  To William Hull, for his services going as Agent to Upper Canada for the purpose of making arrangements for the supply of the Indians at said Treaty, Warrant No. 2693\n  Towards Discharging Domestic Loans.\n  Payments on account of the Principal.\n  To the President Directors and Company of the Bank of the United States.\n  July\n  Warrant No. 2976, being for the first instalment due on the Loan of 2,000,000. of dollars made in pursuance of the act for incorporating the Subscribers to the said Bank, paid out of the proceeds of Foreign Loans.\n  Dec.\n  Warrant No. 3266, on account of the Loan of 800,000 dollars made in pursuance of the Act entitled, \u201cAn act making appropriations for the support of government for the year 1793.\u201d\n  Warrant No. 3291, on account of the said Loan of 800,000 dollars\n  To the President Directors and Company of the Bank of North-America.\n  Warrant No. 3255, for the amount of a Loan made to the United States without interest, for the use of the department of war.\n  Payments on account of the interest.\n  To the President Directors and Company of the Bank of the United States.\n  Aug.\n  Warrant No. 3074, for interest to the first of January, 1793, on the Loan of 400,000 dollars made in pursuance of the Act entitled, \u201cAn act for raising a farther sum of money for the protection of the Frontiers, and for other purposes therein mentioned.\u201d\n  Warrant No. 3073, for interest from the first day of January 1793, to the 30th of June following, on the said Loan of 400,000 dollars\n  Towards Defraying the Expenses Incurred in Relation to the intercourse Between the United States and Foreign Nations.\n  To Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  July\n  do.\n    Towards Discharging Certain Debts Contracted by Abraham Skinner, Late Commissary of Prisoners.\n    June\n    To John Kelty, a Cornet of Dragoons in the late Army, Warrant No. 2888\n    Towards Discharging Certain Debts Contracted by Colonel Timothy Pickering, Late Quarter Master-General.\n    To Isaac Bronson, Warrant No.\n    Thomas Wicks, do.\n    March\n    William Ellison, do.\n    William Edmunston, do.\n    Israel Honeywell, do.\n    George I. Deniston, do.\n    Jonathan Capron, do.\n    Joseph Cheeseman, do.\n    David Hobby, do.\n    April\n    Richard Norwood, do.\n    John Palmer, do.\n    July\n    Joseph Lewis, Attorney for George D. Brinkerhoff and Alletta Bogart, Administrators of the Estate of Theunis Bogart, deceased.\n  Interest on the Domestic Debt.\n  For discharging the Interest which became due on the different species of Stock standing on the books of the several Commissioners of Loans, and the funded and unfunded registered debt on the books of the Treasury.\n  To William Gardner, Commissioner for New-Hampshire.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  June\n  do.\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  To Nathaniel Appleton, Commissioner for Massachusetts.\n  Feb.\n  Warrant No.\n  Dec.\n  do,\n  To Jabez Bowen, Commissioner for Rhode-Island.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n  To William Imlay, Commissioner for Connecticut.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  March\n  do.\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  June\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n  Aug.\n  do.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n  To John Cochran, Commissioner for New-York.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  June\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  To James Ewing, Commissioner for New-Jersey.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  June\n  do.\n  do.\n  Nov.\n  do.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  To the Commissioners for Pennsylvania.\n  March\n  Thomas Smith, Warrant No.\n  June\n  do. do.\n  Nov.\n  do. do.\n  Dec.\n  Stephen Moylan, do.\n  To Benjamin Harwood, Commissioner for Maryland.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n  To John Hopkins, Commissioner for Virginia.\n  Jan.\n  Warrant No.\n  Feb.\n  do.\n  do.\n  April\n  do.\n  May\n  do.\n  do.\n  July\n  do.\n  Aug.\n  do.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n  do.\n  To William Skinner, Commissioner for North-Carolina.\n  April\n  Warrant No.\n  do.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  To John Neufville, Commissioner for South-Carolina.\n  March\n  Warrant No.\n  June\n  do.\n  do.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  To Richard Wylly, Commissioner for Georgia.\n  June\n  Warrant No.\n  Dec.\n  do.\n  do.\n  Interest Payable at the Treasury.\n  On the Funded Debt.\n  March\n  To John Kean, Cashier of the Bank of the United States, war. No.\n  June\n  do. do.\n  Nov.\n  do. do.\n  Dec.\n  do. do.\n      March\n      To Samuel Meredith, Agent for the Trustees for the redemption of the Public Debt, being the Interest on Stock purchased and transferred in trust for the United States,\n      June\n      On the Unfunded Registered Debt.\n      To John Kean, Cashier of the Bank of the United States, war. No.\n      April\n      July\n      For Discharging Unclaimed Dividends.\n      To John Kean, Cashier of the Bank of the United States, war. No.\n      April\n      June\n      July\n      For the Support of Light Houses, Beacons, Buoys, &C. and the Improvement of Navigation.\n      Light House in New-Hampshire.\n      To Joseph Whipple, Superintendant thereof, War. No.\n      Light House in Rhode-Island.\n      To William Ellery, Superintendant thereof, War. No.\n      June\n      Light House near New-London.\n      July\n      To Jedediah Huntington, Superintendant thereof, War. No.\n      Light House at Sandy-Hook.\n      To Thomas Randall, Superintendant thereof, Warrant No.\n      April\n      July\n      Light House at Cape Henlopen, and Beacons &c. in the Bay and River Delaware.\n      To William Allibone, Superintendant thereof, War. No.\n      March\n      June\n      Light House at Cape Henry, and Beacons, &c. at the entrance of Chesapeak Bay.\n      To John McCauley\n      Matthew Van Dusen,\n      March\n      Thomas Newton, jun.\n      April\n      Joseph Anthony & Son,\n      Tench Cox, commissioner of the revenue,\n      Thomas Newton, jun.\n      July\n      William Lindsay,\n      Navigation of certain Channels and Rivers in the State of North-Carolina.\n      To Nathan Keais, Superintendant thereof,\n      Light House Beacons. &c. in the State of South-Carolina.\n      June\n      To Edward Blake, Superintendant thereof,\n      Light House in the State of Georgia.\n      March\n      To John Habersham, Superintendant thereof,\n      March\n      To Tench Coxe, Commissioner of the Revenue for the purpose of defraying certain expences incurred for the Light House Establishment,\n      June\n      July\n      For Defraying the Contingent Charges of Government.\n      To Lewis R. Morris, Marshal for the District of Vermont, for so much paid by him for a Seal for the said District, War. No. 2496\n      James Seagrove, for his expences whilst on public business by order of the President of the United States to the Spanish government of East Florida, War. No. 2823\n      Reduction of the Public Debt.\n      For Purchases made of the Domestic Debt.\n      To Samuel Meredith, Agent for the Trustees for the redemption of the Public Debt,\n      Jonathan Burrall, Agent for the said Trustees,\n      Payments on account of the French Debt.\n      To Antoine R. C. M. De La Forest, Consul-General of France.\n      Warrant No.\n      March\n      April\n      To John De Ternant, Minister Plenipotentiary of France.\n      March\n      Warrant No.\n      April\n      June\n      July\n      To Charles Edmund Genet, Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of France.\n      Warrant No.\n      June\n      June\n      July\n      For discharging Bills of Exchange drawn by the Administration of Saint Domingo upon the late Consul General of the Republic of France.\n      To John Vaughan, War.\n      George C. Schroppel, do.\n      Philips Crammond and Co. do.\n      Mr. Varinot, do.\n      Philip Nicklin and Co. do.\n      Nottnagel Montmollin & Co. do.\n      Robert Ralston, do.\n      John Vaughan, do.\n      E. Dutilh and Wachmuth, do.\n      Stephen Girard, do.\n      Joseph Latil, do.\n      John Bringhurst, do.\n      Joseph Anthony, do.\n      Mr. Bournonville, do.\n      John Kean, do.\n      James Yard, do.\n      John Vaughan, do.\nPayments on account of the Debt due to certain Foreign Officers.\nJan.\nTo Jonathan B. Smith, Assignee of Captains John Sharp and Philippe Shubing, war.\nMajor Rochfontaine,\nFeb.\nJoseph Anthony and Son Attornies for Catharine Green, for the amount of a Certificate issued for pay due to Baron de Glaubeck,\nMarch\nJohn Kean Attorney for Major L\u2019Enfant\nMajor L\u2019Enfant\nMay\nRobert Morris, Attorney for Captain Augustine Briffault,\nDitto for the amount of Certificates issued to Captain John Baptiste Verdier\nWilliam and James Cramond Attornies for Captain de Beaulieu,\nJune\nCaptain de Beaulieu,\nWilliam and James Cramond Attornies for Captain de Beaulieu,\nAug.\nTheophilus Cazenove, Attorney for Le Roy and Bayard, Attornies to Lieutenant Colonel Ferdinand I. S. de Brahm,\nNov.\nLe Roy and Bayard Attornies for Major Chevalier James de Segond,\nDitto Attornies for Cornet Peter Benigne Raffanau,\nPayments on account of the Dutch Debt.\nTo the following persons for Bills of exchange purchased and remitted to Messrs. W. and J. Willink, N. and J. Van Staphorst and Hubbard of Amsterdam, on account of certain sums which became due, in the year 1793, on the Dutch Loans.\nMarch\nTo Robert Morris, Warrant No.\nJoseph Anthony, do.\nApril\nJonathan Burrall, Cashier of the Office of Discount and Deposite at New-York, do.\nMay\nThomas M. Willing, do.\nJohn Kean, Cashier of the Bank of the United States. do.\nDec.\nThe President Directors and Company of the Bank of the United States, do.\nPaid out of the monies arising from Foreign Loans\nStatement of the Interest Fund to the End of the Year 1793, Viz.\nThe Interest to the first day of January 1793, on the Stock purchased and redeemed, which was included in the aggregate amount of dividends paid at the Treasury to that period, amounted to\nThe dividends of Interest Paid at the Treasury in the year 1793, on the said stock purchased and redeemed, amounted to\nThe Interest paid at the Loan Office in Massachusetts, on Stock purchased by Benjamin Lincoln, Agent to the Trustees for the redemption of the Public Debt, amounted to\nThe Interest paid at the Loan Office in Virginia, on Stock purchased by William Heth, Agent to the Trustees aforesaid, amounted to\nThe Interest received by Samuel Meredith Agent to the said Trustees, on the Commutation of Simeon Thayer, amounted to\nThe Interest received by the said Samuel Meredith on the commutation of Willis Wilson, amounted to\nPayments made by the Trustees for the redemption of the Public Debt, for Stock purchased out of the Interest Fund to the last day of December, 1793, the particulars whereof are contained in their reports to Congress.\nFrom February 22, to March 3,\nFrom October 29, to October 31,\nFrom January 17, to February 1,\nFrom April 18, to May 2,\nFrom July 31, to August 1,\nBalance unexpended on the last day of December 1793, which being invested in the purchase of Stock in the month of January 1794, will be included in the next annual Statement,\nFor Compensation to the Marshals of the United States and Their Assistants for Taking the Enumeration of the Inhabitants Within their Respective Districts.\nDec.\nTo William Moore Assistant to the Marshal for the District of Kentucky, War. 2327\nMay\nElliston and John Perot, Assignees of John Gray and James Craig, Assistants to the Marshal for the District of South Carolina, Warrant 2768\nJune\nJacob Milligan, Assistant to the Marshal for the said District of South Carolina, Warrant 2835\nFor Satisfying Miscellaneous Claims.\nJune\nTo Stephen Keyes, for procuring Surveys of the North west part of Lake Champlain in October 1791, for the purpose of ascertaining a proper position for a Custom House, War. No. 1819\nMarch\nSamuel Baird, for laying off the town of Vincennes and returning a plan of the same into the Office of the Secretary of the Western Territory, Warrant 2510\nRobert Fenner late Agent for settling the accounts of the North Carolina line, for commission on sundry payments made by him to the Officers of the said line, Warrant 2514\nJohn Steele late one of the Commissioners appointed to negociate a Treaty with the southern Tribes of Indians, for a balance due to him as Commissioner aforesaid, Warrant 2520\nMarch\nTo Joseph Nourse, Assignee to the following persons, for compensations due to them for bringing lists of the votes given by the Electors of the President and Vice-President of the United States, Warrant No. 2549 viz.\nEzra Bartlett, for the votes of\nNew-Hampshire\nJohn S. Tyler,\nMassachusetts,\nLot Hall,\nVermont\nDaniel Updike,\nRhode-Island\nEnoch Parsons\nConnecticut\nRobert Williams,\nNew-York\nStephen Stephenson,\nPennsylvania,\nGunning Bedford,\nDelaware,\nE. Vallette,\nMaryland,\nSamuel Pettus,\nVirginia,\nNotley Coun,\nKentucky\nStephen White,\nNorth-Carolina\nThomas Fitzpatrick,\nSouth-Carolina\nAnderson Watkins,\nGeorgia,\nMar.\nTo Dunlap and Claypoole, for printing done in the year 1787 for the Convention which framed the Constitution, Warrant 2562.\nWilliam Irvine, for his expenses from the first of December 1792 to the 26th of February 1793 in going to and returning from Charleston South-Carolina, by direction of the Comptroller of the Treasury, on business relating to the Loan Office, War. 2678\nApril\nMiers Fisher and Joshua Gilpin Attornies for the Trustees of the Public Grammar School of Wilmington in the State of Delaware, for Damages done to the said school; pursuant to an act of Congress of the 13th of April 1792, War. 2676\nJames Burnside, for his expenses going from Philadelphia to Trenton, relating to a suit commenced by the United States against Thomas Fennimore Warrant 2683\nTimothy Pickering, for so much paid by him to Samuel Bradshaw, for going express from Philadelphia to Kentucky, with a letter from the Secretary of State to the Judge of the District Court Warrant 2687\nAlexander McComb, Agent for Udney Hay Attorney for Return Jonathan Meigs and Job Green, legal Representatives of Christopher Green, deceased, pursuant to a resolve of Congress of the 28th September, 1785, and An Act of the 14th January 1793 Warrant 2699\nWilliam Simmons Attorney for Henry Remsen late chief Clerk to the Secretary of State, for the expenses of said Remsen incurred by the removal of Congress from New-York to Philadelphia Warrant 2716\nSamuel Emery, for so much paid by him to two persons for their expenses from Boston to Philadelphia to attend as evidence in a suit instituted by the United States, Warrant 2717\nMay\nJohn Fenno, for the paper and printing five hundred copies of sundry communications, made by the Secretary of the Treasury to the House of Representatives of the United States, during the second session of the second Congress, War. 2766\nGeorge Taylor junior, for thirteen Seal Presses purchased by him for the use of the Western Territories, Warrant 2773\nMay\nTo Francis Bailey, for fifteen Seals made by him for the use of the Supervisors of the Revenue in the year 1791, Warrant 2790\nJune\nAaron Rowley, Attorney for Elijah Bostwick for so much granted to the said Bostwick by an Act of Congress passed the second of March 1793, Warrant 2881\nWilliam Bradford late Attorney General of the State of Pennsylvania, for his Counsel and Attorney\u2019s fees on sundry suits commenced by him, on behalf of the United States, against sundry persons in the years 1784, 1787 and 1788, Warrant 2883\nJuly\nThomas Williams for his expenses on a journey from Richmond in Virginia to Hillsborough in North-Carolina in the year 1791, for the purpose of giving testimony on the part of the United States against a person charged with counterfeiting Public Securities, Warrant 2957\nDec.\nBenjamin Philips, for his services as a messenger employed by Edward Church Consul from the United States at the Port of Lisbon, for the purpose of carrying dispatches to the Secretary of State. Warrant 3267\nNov.\nGeorge Thatcher Attorney for John Burbank late Master at Arms on board the ship Bon Homme Richard, for the said Burbanks proportion of prizes captured by the squadron under the command of John Paul Jones in the northern seas, Warrant 2252\nApril\nAbraham Bradley late Marine on board the Frigate Alliance for his share of the said prizes. War. 2719\nJuly\nJohn Anniball late a seaman on board the Frigate Alliance, for his proportion of the said prizes, Warrant 2929\nJohn Chaffee Administrator to the Estate of Henry Wrightington late a seaman on board the Frigate Alliance, deceased, for the said Wrightington\u2019s share of the said prizes, Warrant 2936\nMarch\nTo Ashbel Steele, for five sets of Bills of Exchange drawn by Francis Hopkinson Treasurer of Loans on the late Commissioners of the United States at Paris, for interest due on Loan Office Certificates Warrant 2515\nJohn Lawrence, for two sets of Bills of Exchange drawn by the said Francis Hopkinson on the said Commissioners for interest due on Loan Office Certificates, Warrant 2550\nJohn Lamb Assignee to Christopher Colles, for one hundred and twenty-nine hydrometers with cases, furnished by the said Colles in October 1792 for the use of the United States, War. 2604\nJune\nMartin Fisher, for forty Thermometers furnished by him for the Officers of the Customs and Inspectors of the Revenue, Warrant 2864", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0471-0008", "content": "Title: Enclosure: [Statement of Monies Transferred to the United States], [26 December 1794]\nFrom: \nTo: \nGuilders.\nRate of exch.\nDols. Cts.\nDols. Cts.\nAmount of bills of exchange drawn by the Treasurer on the Commissioners in Amstedam,\nGuilders\nDeduct bills repurchased of the Bank of the United States, and cancelled,\nsold for\nAmount applied in Europe and at the Treasury for the interest on the foreign debt, in the years 1791, 1792 and 1793, and which being a charge upon the domestic revenue, is credited as though the same had been drawn to the United States, viz.\nFrench Debt\nInterest for the year 1791,\nLivres\nDitto, 1792,\nDitto, 1793,\nDutch Debt\nInterest for the year 1791, Guilders\nCommission on interest paid,\nExpences for advertising payment of interest, &c.\nPostage of letters\nat 40 Cents.\nInterest for the year 1792, guild.\nCommission on interest paid,\nExpences for advertising payment of interest, &c.\nPostage of letters,\nat do.\nInterest for the year 1793, guild.\nCommission on interest paid,\nPostage of letters\nat do.\nAntwerp Debt.\nInterest for the year 1792, guilds.\nCommission on negociating drafts on the Commissioners in Amsterdam,\nPostage of letters,\nat do.\nInterest for the year 1793, guilds.\nCommission on negociating drafts on the Commissioners in Amsterdam,\nat 40 Cents.\nSpanish Debt\nInterest from the 1st of January, 1791, to the 21st of August, 1793, when the balance of the debt was remitted from Amsterdam,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0471-0009", "content": "Title: Enclosure: [Amount Expended in Purchases of the Domestic Debt], [26 December 1794]\nFrom: \nTo: \nAmount expended in purchases of the domestic debt of the United States, pursuant to the fourth section of the Act of August, 12, 1790, entitled \u201cAn Act making provision for the reduction of the public debt,\u201d viz.\nBy Jonathan Burrall, per warrant, No. 2454,\ndated February 4, 1793,\nBy Samuel Meredith, 2482,\ndated Feb. 19, 1793,\nBy ditto, 3085,\ndated Sept. 2, 1793,\nAmount appropriated for paying the principal and interest of the debt due to foreign officers, by the fifth section of the Act, entitled \u201cAn Act supplementary to the Act making provision for the debt of the United States,\u201d passed on the 8th day of May 1792.\nPrincipal,\nInterest,\nPayment of the first instalment due on the 31st of December, 1792, on a loan made of the Bank of the United States, in pursuance of an Act for the purpose passed on the 2d of March, 1793,\nPayment on account of the French debt, in the year 1792, on warrants particularised in page 52, of the printed statement for said year,\nin the year 1793, on warrants particularised in the statement herewith, for said year,\nPayment for bills of exchange purchased and remitted to the Commissioners at Amsterdam, on account of the Dutch debt, viz. Sterling \u00a334,436:15:6 credited in their accounts for the year 1793, at 406,565.4.\nGuilders\ndo.\n\u2002do\nDitto\ndo. for the year\nGuilders\nwhich bills cost, per warrants particularised in the statement herewith, for the year 1793,\nBalance remaining on the 31st of December, 1793, to be applied to replace the foreign fund,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0471-0010", "content": "Title: Enclosure: [General Statement of Certain Appropriations Made by Law], [26 December 1794]\nFrom: \nTo: \nA General Statement of Certain Appropriations Made by Law for the Service of the Year 1793, Including the Balances of Former Appropriations Unexpended on the Last Day of December, 1792; Exhibiting Also, the Expenditures of the United States for the Year 1793, on Warrants Issued by the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Unexpended Balances of the Said Appropriations, which Are to Be Accounted for in the Next Annual Statement.\nTowards discharging Domestic Loans.\nDates, and Titles of the Acts of Appropriations,\nFor discharging Warrants issued by the late Board of Treasury.\nFor the Support of the Civil List.\nFor the Support of the Army, &c.\nFor paying Pensions due to military Invalids.\nFor defraying the Expenses of Treaties of Peace with the Indian Tribes.\nFor the Principal.\nFor the Interest.\nFor maintaining Intercouse between the United States and Foreign Nations.\nFor effecting a Recognition of the Treaty of the United States with the new Emperor of Morocco.\nFor the Building Equipment and Support of Revenue Cutters.\nTowards discharging certain Debts contracted by Abraham Skinner, late Commissary of Prisoners.\nTowards discharging certain Debts contracted by Colonel Timothy Pickering, late Quarter Master General.\nBalances of former appropriations unexpended on the last day of December, 1792\nJuly\nAn act providing the means of intercourse between the United States and Foreign Nations,\nand\nFeb.\nAug.\nAn act making provision for the Debt of the United States,\nAn act making provision for the reduction of the Public Debt,\nMar.\nAn act for raising and adding another regiment to the Military Establishment of the United States, and for making farther provision for the protection of the frontiers,\nMay\nAn act for raising a further sum of money for the protection of the frontiers, and for other purposes therein mentioned,\nAn act supplementary to the act making provision for the Debt of the United States,\nFeb.\nAn act making appropriations for the support of Government for the year 1793,\nMar.\nAn act making an appropriation to defray the expense of a treaty with the Indians north west of the Ohio,\nAn act providing for the payment of the first instalment due on a loan made of the Bank of the United States,\nAn act making certain appropriations therein mentioned,\nAmount of the appropriations and unexpended balances before recited,\nAmount of the expenditures for the year 1793,\nBalances unexpended to be transferred to the statement for the year 1794,\nTowards the reduction of the\nDomestic debt.\nForeign debt.\nDates, and Titles of the Acts of Appropriations,\nFor Interest payable on the Domestic Debt in the Year 1793.\nFor the Support of Light Houses, Beacons, Buoys, and public Piers.\nFor defraying the Contingent Charges of Government.\nOut of the Surplus of the Revenue on 31st Dec, 1790, and the Proceeds of foreign Loans.\nOut of the Interest Fund.\nDue to the French.\nDue to the Dutch.\nDebt due to certain foreign Officers.\nFor defraying the Expenses of the Enumeration of the Inhabitants of the United States.\nFor satisfying miscellaneous Claims.\nTotal Amount.\nBalances of former appropriations unexpended on the last day of December, 1792\nJuly\nAn act providing the means of intercourse between the United States and Foreign Nations,\nand\nFeb.\nAug.\nAn act making provision for the Debt of the United States,\nAn act making provision for the reduction of the Public Debt,\nMar.\nAn act for raising and adding another regiment to the Military Establishment of the United States, and for making farther provision for the protection of the frontiers,\nMay\nAn act for raising a further sum of money for the protection of the frontiers, and for other purposes therein mentioned,\nAn act supplementary to the act making provision for the Debt of the United States,\nFeb.\nAn act making appropriations for the support of Government for the year 1793,\nMar.\nAn act making an appropriation to defray the expense of a treaty with the Indians north west of the Ohio,\nAn act providing for the payment of the first installment due on a loan made of the Bank of the United States,\nAn act making certain appropriations therein mentioned,\nAmount of the appropriations and unexpended balances before recited,\nAmount of the expenditures for the year 1793,\nBalances unexpended to be transferred to the statement for the year 1794,\n[Balance carried forward]\nTo which is added, the balance of the foreign funds transferred to the United States, including the appropriation for interest on the foreign debt for the years 1791, 1792 and 1793, per statement,\nTotal of unsatisfied appropriations at the close of the year 1793, agreeably to the statements made at the Treasury,\nThe expenditures in the year 1793 were made out of the following funds.\nOut of the proceeds of foreign loans viz.\nfor the first instalment due on a loan of two millions of dollars obtained from the Bank of the United States\nfor the reduction of the domestic debt.\nfor the reduction of the French debt,\nfor the reduction of the Dutch debt,\nfor the reduction of the debt due to foreign officers,\nOut of the proceeds of domestic revenues and loans,\nOut of the \u2003 \u2014 \u2003 interest fund, applicable to the reduction of the domestic debt,\nTotal of expenditures in the year 1793, as above stated,\nThe unsatisfied appropriations above stated are payable out of the following funds, viz.\nThe surplus of duties on the last day of December, 1790, applicable to the reduction of the domestic debt,\nThe interest fund not expended in the year 1793, ditto,\nThe proceeds of foreign loans, for the balance of the debt due to foreign officers,\nThe domestic revenues, since the year 1790, applicable to the reimbursement of the balance of foreign funds transferred to the U. States, and the payment of domestic appropriations,\nTotal of unsatisfied appropriations including the surpluses on certain appropriations, which will be accounted for in the next statement,\nA.\u2014The amount of interest payable on the domestic debt in the year 1793 agreeably to the divident accounts settled at the Treasury.\nB.\u2014The specific sums appropriated by this act, amount to\nTo which the following sums are added,\nThe Amount of monies received in the year 1793, on account of the loan of 800,000 dollars made of the Bank of the United States,\nThe net amount of fines, penalties and forfeitures in the year 1792 and 1793,\nC.\u2014The amount appropriated by this act, is\nFrom which is deducted the sum allowed to compensate the Corporation of Trustees of the public grammar school and academy of Wilmington in the State of Delaware, it being included in the statement of appropriations for the year 1792,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0471-0012", "content": "Title: Appendix: [Various Statements], [26 December 1794]\nFrom: \nTo: \nA Statement of the Domestic Debt of the United States as Due on the 31st of December 1793, Including the Sums Passed to the Credit of the Trustees of the Sinking Fund and Excluding the Balances of Unsatisfied Appropriations Payable at the Treasury.\nFunded Domestic Debt.\nDollars. Cents.\nSix per Cent. stock\nDeferred six per Cent. stock\nThree per Cent. stock\nFunded Assumed Debt.\nSix per Cent stock\nDeferred six per Cent. stock\nThree per Cent. stock\nRegistered Debt.\nPrincipal of registered debt remaining on the books of the Treasury\nEstimated amount of interest on the above sum from various periods to the 31st December 1790; which becomes three per Cent. stock on being subscribed to the Loan\nAmount of Certificates issued to nonsubscribing creditors, which remain to their credit on the books of the Commissioners of Loans, in the following states, viz.\nNew Jersey\nPrincipal\nInterest to December 31st 1790\nPennsylvania\nPrincipal\nInterest to December 31st 1790\nMaryland\nPrincipal\nInterest to December 31st 1790\nBalances due to Creditor States pursuant to the final report of the Commissioners appointed to execute the acts for the settlement of the accounts between the United States and the Individual states, exclusive of interest thereon since December 31st 1789, viz.\nTo the state of New Hampshire\nMassachusetts\nRhode Island\nConnecticut\nNew Jersey\nSouth Carolina\nGeorgia\nDomestic Debt receivable on loan, but which not being registered is not entitled to a dividend; consisting of loan office and final settlement certificates, arrearages of interest to the 31st of December 1790, indents of interest and bills of old emissions also of unliquidated claims upon the government for services and supplies during the late war, arrearages of military pensions to March 4th 1789, and credits on the books of the Treasury, for which certificates remain to be issued\u2014estimated upon the principles of the report of the Secretary of the Treasury dated January 9th 1790.\nEstimated amount of the Domestic Debt of the United States on the 31st of December 1793, including the sums passed to the credit of the Trustees of the Sinking Fund, and exclusive of sums received on certain domestic loans which are repayable out of the established revenues and which are included in the statement of unsatisfied appropriations,\nForeign Debt of the United States on the 31st of December, 1793, Agreeably to Statements Made at the Treasury, Including Sums Which Had Been Received for the Proceeds of Loans, and Which Remained Unexpended, and the Balance of Foreign Funds Transferred to the United States, Which Are Comprised in the Statement of Unsatisfied Appropriations Payable at the Treasury.\nDebt Due to France Contracted by the Late Government.\nLivres. s.d.\nRate of exch.\nForeign Debt on Dec. 31, 1793 Dollars. Cents.\nLoan of eighteen millions of livres, bearing an interest of five per cent. per annum, from the 3d of September, 1783, and repayable in twelve equal annual payments; the first of which became due on the 3d of September, 1787,\nLoan of ten millions of livres, bearing interest at four per cent. per annum, from the 5th of November, 1781, and repayable in ten equal annual payments; the first of which became due on the first of November, 1787,\nLoan of six millions of livres, bearing interest at five per cent. per annum, from the first day of January, 1784, and repayable in six equal annual payments; the first of which will become due on the first of January, 1797,\nBalance of an account for supplies furnished,\nInterest which fell due before and in the year 1790, on the several loans above recited,\nFrom which is deducted the amount of payments made by grand banker at Paris,\nInterest on the balance of the above-mentioned account for supplies furnished,\nInterest which fell due on the several loans in the years 1791, 1792 and 1793,\nOn account of which debt the following sums had been paid on the 31st day of Dec. 1793.\nBy Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholas and Jacob van Staphorst and Hubbard of Amsterdam, Guilders.\nBy C.J.M. de Wolf, of Antwerp, ditto.\nBy the department of war, for arms, ammunition, &c. delivered in the year 1791, Dollars.\nBy the treasury of the United States, in the years 1792 and 1793, ditto.\nBalance due to France on the 31st of December, 1793, agreeably to the statement made at the Treasury; payable at different future periods ascertained by contracts dated July 16th, 1782, and February 25th, 1783,\nGuilders.\nRate of exch.\nForeign Debt on Dec. 31, 1793. Dollars. Cents.\nDebt Contracted in Holland, viz. by the Late Government.\nLoan of five millions of guilders, per five contracts, dated June 11, 1782, at five per cent. per annum,\nLoan of two millions of guilders, per contract dated March 9, 1784, at four per cent. per ann.\nLoan of one million of guilders, per contract dated June 1, 1787, at five per cent. per ann.\nLoan of one million of guilders, per contract dated March 13, 1788, at five per cent. per annum,\nPremiums to the lenders and gratifications on the loan of two millions, 837,500\nFrom which deduct this amount paid out of funds obtained by the late government, \u2007180,000\nBy the Present Government.\nLoan of three millions of guilders, per contract dated February 1, 1790, at five per cent. per ann.\nLoan of two and a half millions of guilders, per contract dated March 2, 1791, at five per cent. per annum,\nLoan of six millions of guilders, per contract dated December 14, 1791, at five per cent. per annum,\nLoan of three millions of guilders, per contract dated December 24, 1791, at four per cent. per annum,\nLoan of three millions of guilders, per contract dated August 9, 1792, at four per cent. per annum, 3,000,000\nDeduct this sum not received 50,000\u2007\u2007\nLoan of one million of guilders, at five per cent. per annum, being a reloan of the instalment due on June 1, 1793, on the loan of five millions, per contracts dated June 11, 1782,\nOn account of which debt, there had been paid on the 31st of Dec. 1793, by Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholas and Jacob van Staphorst and Hubbard, of Amsterdam.\nFor premiums which fell due in the years 1791 and 1793, on the loan of two millions obtained by the contract dated March 9, 1794,\nInstalment which fell due on the 1st of June, 1793, on the loan of five millions of guilders obtained by the contracts dated June 11, 1782,\nBalance due for monies received on contracts made in Holland previous to Dec. 31, 1793,\nat 40 Cents.\nDebt Contracted in Antwerp by the Present Government, viz.\nLoan of three millions of guilders, per contract dated November 30, 1791, at four and a half per cent. per annum, amount received (950,000 guilders having been suppressed)\nRemaining due on the 31st of December, 1793,\nat 40 Cents.\nDebt Contracted in Spain by the Late Government.\nDolls. Cts\nAmount due to the Government of Spain on the 21st of March, 1782, bearing interest at five per cent. per annum, as stated by the late Commissioner for settling foreign accounts,\nInterest which fell due before and in the year 1790,\nInterest from January 21, 1791, to August 21, 1793, when said debt is considered as having been finally discharged, agreeably to an account received from Holland,\nWhich debt is considered as discharged by remittances made to the Government of Spain, by Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholas and Jacob van Staphorst and Hubbard, of Amsterdam, Guilders 615,307.11.3\nAmount of the foreign debt of the United States on the 31st of December, 1793, agreeably to statements made at the Treasury, including sums which had been received for the proceeds of loans and which remained unexpended, and the balances of foreign funds transferred to the United States, which are comprised in the statement of unsatisfied appropriations payable at the Treasury,\nStatement Exhibiting the Receipt of Monies on Loans Effected in Europe on Account of the United States Under the Present Government, and of the Expenditure Thereof, to the 31st December, 1793.\n  Sums Received, Viz.\n  Received by W. & J. Willink, N. & J. van Staphorst & Hubbard, at Amsterdam.\n  balance remaining unexpended of the proceeds of loans under the late government, agreeably to a statement of their accounts at the Treasury,\n  remittance by the Secretary of the Treasury, in the year 1790, out of the funds of the present government,\n  on a loan of 3,000,000 guilders, per contract dated\n        of 1,000,000 being a reloan of the first instalment due on the first of June, 1793, on the loan of 5,000,000 guilders, per contracts dated June 11, 1782,\n  remittances by the Secretary of the Treasury in the year 1793, out of proceeds of foreign loans transferred to the United States, which remittances cost 203,669 \u00b3\u2070\u2044\u2081\u2080\u2080 dollars, and produced\n  Received by C. J. M. de Wolf, at Antwerp, on a loan of 3,000,000 guilders, per contract dated November 30th, 1791,\n  for bills drawn on W. & J. Willink, N. & J. van Staphorst & Hubbard, of Amsterdam, to enable him to pay the interest due on December, 1792, guilders 88,941.9. which produced,\n  for bills drawn on Amsterdam, to enable him to pay the interest due on December, 1st, 1793, 86,514.1.8. the product of which at Antwerp is not ascertained,\n  Guilders,\n  Sums Expended, Viz.\n  Expended by W. & J. Willink, N. & J. van Staphorst & Hubbard, at Amsterdam.\n  on account of the debt due from the United States to France,\n  on account of the debt due from the United States to Spain,\n  for an advance to Governeur Morris, on account of the interest on the debt due to certain foreign officers,\n  for an advance to Major General La Fayette, on account of his pay and emoluments,\n  for the payment of bills of exchange drawn by the Treasurer of the United States,\n  for the instalment due on the first of June, 1793, on the loan of five millions under the late government,\n  for premiums drawn by lottery, in 1791 and 1793, by the lenders of two millions, ditto,\n  Expended for interest which fell due in the year 1790, on the Dutch debt, commission on payment and expenses of postage,\n  for charges of effecting the loans under the present government, commission on payment of premiums drawn by lottery, brokerage on remittances to France and Spain, and on remittances from the United States,\n  for bills drawn by C. J. M. de Wolf, in 1792 and 1793, for interest due on the Antwerp loan,\n  for interest which fell due in the years 1791, 1792 and 1793, on the Dutch debt, commission on payment, expenses of postage and of advertising in said years the payment of interest,\n  Expended by C. J. M. de Wolf, at Antwerp, on account of the debt due from the United States to France,\n  for the payment of the charges of effecting the loan at Antwerp, and brokerage on payments to France,\n  for interest which fell due in the years 1792 and 1793, on the loan at Antwerp, commission on the negociation of bills drawn on the commissioners in Amsterdam, and expenses of postage in 1791 and 1792,\n  Balance remaining unexpended on December 31st, 1793, of loans obtained before that period, agreeably to accounts stated at the Treasury, viz.\n  In the hands of W. & J. Willink, N. & J. van Staphorst & Hubbard,\n  From which is deducted balance stated to be due to C. J. M. de Wolf,\n  Guilders,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0473", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nT DC. Off 26th Decemr. 1794\nSir\nI have the honour to transmit a Statement of the Rects. & Expenditures of The United States for the year 1793 which has been prepared pursuant to the Order of the House of Representatives passed on the 30th. of Dece. 1791.\nTo this Statement an Appendix has been added, exhibiting the operation of the Fund for reducing the Domestic Debt, to the close of the year 1793, also statements of the Foreign & Domestic Debts & of the Expenditure of Foreign Loans obtained under the present Government, to the same period.\nFive hundred Copies of this work being the number heretofore directed by the house of Representatives, have been printed and will be delivered to the Clerk of the House.\nI am &c\nThe HonA.H.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0474", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 27 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nSir\nI enclose to you, a letter to me from Tench Francis Esqr. this moment received, as the explanation of his application of yesterday for Cash. You will observe he now requires 35,000 Dols.\nYou will perceive that it would be necessary to my expressing an opinion, 1st That a statement of the business between the Treasy. & the Agent has been furnished with your letter of the 4th of April committing to me with certain reservations & restrictions the business of the Treasury for the War Department. 2dly That all the orders for expenditure by Mr. Francis should have been made through this Office or at least made known to it. This, from the press of business it is presumed, has not been the case. These circumstances and the 3d paragraph of your letter reserving the money matters to yourself, have occasioned me not to give an opinion upon Mr. Francis\u2019s applications for Cash, but only to transmit them to your Office.\nI am. Sir &ca\nT: Coxe C. R.\nThe Secy. of the Treasy.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0475", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Purviance, 27 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Purviance, Robert\nTreasury Department December 27th 1794\nSir,\nThe President of the United States having been pleased to pardon and remit to Munnikhuysen & Sadler, Owners of the Schooner Martha the Offence and Penalty incurred by them by the Captain\u2019s permitting certain goods to be laden on board the said Schooner in the Island of St. Domingo, contrary to the intent and meaning of an Embargo Bond given by them to your predecessor in Office\u2014I have to request that in pursuance of the said Pardon duly filed in this Office, You will proceed to cancel the Embargo Bond given by the Parties as aforesaid. A Duplicate of my remission in the case of the Taffia & Molasses imported in the Schooner Martha has been already transmitted to the District Judge.\nI am with consideration \u2003 Sir \u2003 Your most obedient servant\nA Hamilton\nRobert Purviance Esquire", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0476", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Joseph Ball, 28 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ball, Joseph\nTreasury DepartmentDecr. 28. 1794\nThe Secretary of the Treasury presents his Compliments to Mr. Ball Chairman of a Committee of the Bank of The UStates. He would propose that the three hundred thousand Dollars remaining unpaid of the 400000 loan should be paid in three equal installments on the first of November December and January. The point of credits for bills deposited is reserved for further consideration but will be arranged before Mr. Hamilton leaves the Office.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0477", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 28 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia] Sunday Morning Decr. 28th. 1794\nSir\nI finished yesterday my letter relative to the Arrangements for procuring the timber from Geora. having commenced the same on Christmas day in Consequence of the receipt of your letter of that date. This last communication (which it will require two days to copy) and that made under the date of the 22d. inst. concerning the naval armament in consequence of the order of the House of Representatives together with the other business for the war department have entirely engrossed my time for the last ten days.\nIt is in my Judgment indespensibly necessary, that the business committed by law to this office & the light House Business should receive my particular attention during the month prior to your resignation. Your calls from the Seat of Government which occured in August October & November & \u27e8your occupation in\u27e9 the interval between those calls in attention to the Western Insurrection have naturally increased the general reasons for this desire on my part. To these are to be added the weighty considerations enforcing that desire, which result from my great occupation since the 4th. of April by the Business of the War Department, and from the disorders in the Business of the Revenue produced by insurrection opposition and the imperfections of the laws, and arrangements. The Resignation of the Secy. at War affords many reasons for my wishing to make \u27e8a\u27e9 complete arrangement of all that has been done in 1794, before he shall depart from the Seat of Government. If he should conceive that any thing remains to be done which considering the limitations of my power and your participation in the Business I ought to have effected, it will be my wish to have time & opportunity to perform it before he shall return home, and you shall retire from your public station.\nI have therefore from a reflected sense of duty to request that the Business of the Treasury for the War department so far as it has lain with me may be considered as not in my hands after the 31st. of Decemr. instant. This I presume will not appear unreasonable taking the foregoing ideas into view & when it is remembered that it was transferred to me on the 4th. of April upon an hour\u2019s Notice & conference in the afternoon of that day and that it was agreed in a conversation between us three Months ago that it should be transfered from my office.\nOn due reflexion I have not deemed it adviseable for me to engage Mr. Francis in a general agency for all the States without a written Authorization from you, tho with your oral permission. The circumstances which occasion you to wish not \u27e8to\u27e9 appear to do it, and some others drawn from his relationship to me, influence my views of the subject.\nI have the honor to be \u2003 Sir \u2003 Yr. obedt. st.\nSecy. of Try.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0479", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Rawle, 28 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Rawle, William\nTreasury DepartmentDecember 28. 1794\nSir\nMr. Delaney has obtained information as to the fitting out of some privateers from this & a neighbouring port which I have desired him to communicate to you without delay. The most delicate considerations render it essential that whatever is now practicable should be done. Pray give the matter the most particular attention.\nWith consideration & esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your obed serv\nA Hamilton\nWilliam Rawle EsqAtty of the District of Pennsylvania", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0480", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 29 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 29, 1794. \u201cI beg the favor of a payment as usual on account, to the Superintendent of the Delaware Light House, & the establishments for the Shipping to the amount of three hundred & eighty five Dollars. It is to enable him to discharge, the accounts which will become due on or before the 31st instant.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0481", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 29 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury Department, Revenue Office, December 29, 1794. \u201cI enclose copy of a letter from Wm Pennock Esqr. Naval Agent at Norfolk Virginia with an estimate of money wanted to the amount of 7450 Drs exclusive of the freight of Timber from Georgia.\u2026\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0482", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, 29 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\nTreasury Department, December 29, 1794. \u201cIn answer to your letter of the 26 instant, I remark, that it is not clear the words \u2018the thirtieth day of June next\u2019 may not be understood as equivalent to the \u2018next thirtieth day of June\u2019 which last would conform to the known intent of the Legislature. At least this is a point to be referred to the President. It will naturally come up when the new arrangement of compensations is presented to his consideration.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0484", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Pinckney, 29 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Pinckney, Thomas\nTreasury DepartmentDecember 29th. 1794\nSir\nThe Treasurer has been directed to remit to you a Bill on our commissioners at Amsterdam for 303, 115 Florins.\nIt appears upon more particular examination that it would not leave in the hands of the Commissioners a sufficient sum for payment of interest to the first of March inclusively, which was the intention.\nI request therefore that you will so arrange the matter as that there be left in their hands a sum adequate to the above object. If before this gets to hand the whole amount of the Bill should have been drawn to England, you will authorise the commissioners, to redraw for as much as they may require for the object.\nWith great respect & Esteem \u2003 I am Sir \u2003 Your Obedient Servt\nAlexander Hamilton\nThomas Pinkney EsquireMinister PlenipotentiaryIn his absence The Charg\u00e9 des affairesof the United StatesLondon", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0485", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Rawle, 29 December 1794\nFrom: Rawle, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, December 29, 1794. On January 2, 1795, Edmund Randolph wrote to George Hammond \u201crespecting the privateer Gemeaux\u201d and enclosing a \u201cCopy of a letter from Mr. Rawle, Dist. Atty. of Pennsyla. to the Secretary of the Treasury dated 29th Decemr. 1794.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0486", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 29 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas\n[Philadelphia, December 29, 1794. On June 10, 1795, Willink, Van Staphorst, and Hubbard wrote to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury, and referred to letters \u201cfrom your Predecessor of 29 December and 25 January.\u201d Letter of December 29, 1794, not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0488", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 30 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nTreasury DepartmentRevenue-office, Decemr 30th 1794\nSir,\nI shall apply myself to the draughting the plan of Revenue for the President as fast as possible. In the mean time such is the press of Business that to prepare it in a form, which may not eventually be adopted, will be to be regreted.\nI therefore request the favor of your obtaining the sense of the President upon the point.\nAs the Revenue or Excise has been a topic of public feeling, as the legislature is in Session, and as I in draughting the bill meant the words to apply to the month of June which should next ensue and moreover as the verbage used in the laws wherein a day is designated is uniformly variant from this, and clear, I submit an opinion of the inexpediency of risquing the construction which refers \u201cnext\u201d to the day and not to the month.\nWith great respect, I am, Sir \u2003 Your most obedient servant,\nTench CoxeCommissr. of the revenue\nThe Secretary of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0490", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 30 December 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia, December 30th. 1794.\nDear Sir\nI am sorry to trouble you so often upon the same subject but Mr. Fauchet so constantly presses me and urges the right to arm merchant vessels for the mere purpose of defending them and their cargoes, that I must take the liberty of reminding you of your promise to send me not only the Instructions which have been given from the Treasury department to the Collectors in relation to this subject, but also the Draft of another letter which you were preparing upon the same point.\nWith great regard, I am, Dear Sir, &c:\nEdm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0491", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 31 December 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nMr Coxe presents his complts. to the Secy. of the Treasy. & requests that he will be pleased to take the necessary measures for the reception of the whiskey (to be purchased for 1795) at the deposite posts of Fort Washington & Pittsburg, and wherever besides the public service may be deemed to require it to be received. A Letter this day received from Kentuckey expresses a wish that this may be particularly attended to.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0492", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Henry Lee, 31 December 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nShirley near Richmond31st. Decr. 1794.\ndear sir\nForced to meander on my ride home to close as far as I could the various matters which I considered under my care I never got to Richmond until the 29th. when Col. Carrington gave to me your favor of the 19th Decr.\nI am sure you understand too well my conviction of your constant efforts to give comfort to the late army with me, to suppose that I could for a moment impute to want of exertion in you any disappointment to which they may have been submitted.\nI will not therefore recur to that part of your letr. which explains the causes of incomplete remittance, for sure I am every possible assistance in every way has been afforded by you. But I will rather try to make you as happy as you ought to be, by telling you that the money sent to Winchester answered an excellent purpose as it allayed all the discontents which Genl. Matthews letr. to me, announced.\nFrom that place I wrote to the S of W for the ballance & sent forward to the P. M. Gen his deputy who will I presume return charged with means & instructions unless Mr Smith may have pursued your orders of drawing bills for the money wanting. In this case the D. P. master ought to return.\nMr Smith had reced. no instructions to that effect, before I left Winchester.\nI hear that you certainly leave govt. in all next month. I lament the event but heartily wish that it may be productive of every advantage to your family you expect, & that the affectionate gratitude of our country to whose good you have so constantly & eminently contributed may surround you in your retirement.\nFrom me reckon always on the most affec: respect & regard. farewell\nHenry Lee", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0493", "content": "Title: Measures in the War Department Which It May Be Expedient to Adopt, [December 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, December, 1794]\n  To organize anew the Militia on a plan something like the following\n  To be divided into five clases\n  Class consisting of all unmarried men from 18 to 25 except apprentices under 21 to Merchants Mechanics and Manufacturers and students under the same age in universities colleges & academies and of Divinity Law and Medecine.\n  Class consisting of all unmarried men from 25 to 40.\n  Class consisting of all married men from 18 to 25 excepted in the first class\n  Class consisting of all married men from 25 to 40.\n  Class consisting of all men above 40 and not exceeding 50.\nEach Class to be formed into corps of Infantry Artillery Cavalry combined into legions to consist of four Regiments of Infantry one Regiment of horse & a batalion of Artillery. All who choose to enter into the Cavalry & provide themselves with horses arms & accoutrements to be at liberty to do it. Each class to be called out in succession as numbered, in whole or in part, liable to serve for a year. None of a higher number to be called out until all of any preceding lower number have been called out and served their tour.\nIn case of domestic insurrection no man able to serve shall be excused on any condition.\nIn case of foreign war any man may be excused paying 50/100 Dollars.\nNo militia (except those inhabiting frontier Counties) shall be obliged to serve against Indians, nor those inhabiting frontier Counties for more than   in one year.\nAny man who shall refuse to serve his tour when required to be imprisoned during the term of service or compelled to labour at some public work, at the option of the Government.\nCases of exempts to be defined in the laws.\nThe respective classes to be liable to be called out for Inspection & exercise as follows:\n    Class\n    days in a year\n    Class\n    days in a year\n    Class\n    days in a year\n    Class\n    days in a year\n    Class\n    one\n    day in a year\nThe Militia, when in service, to be subject to the same rules of Discipline and Government as the army of the UStates.\nII \u2003 A Regiment to be raised consisting of commissioned officers and persons engaged as serjeants and with the pay of such; that is to say in their own corps they shall serve by rotation as serjeants corporals & privates but out of their regiment they shall only be employed as serjeants. All new Regiments which may be raised shall have their serjeants from this corps which shall have a fixed station & be carefully instructed in all the parts of Camp field & garrison service. It may be considered whether this idea may not be extended to artillery & cavalry. This corps to constitute the bones of an army in case of need.\nIII. \u2003 To establish a provisional or auxiliary army composed of four Regiments of Infantry 1 Regiment of Cavalry & 1 batalion of Artillery formed into a legion of two brigades each brigade commanded by a Brigadier & the Legion by a Major General.\nThis Legion to be raised by voluntary inlistment, according to a certain distribution, in the following parts of the UStates\u2014in the part of Pensylvania & Virginia lying West of the Alleghany, the N Western & S Western Governments, Kentucke South Carolina & Georgia.\nThe considerations of inlistment to be a suit of Cloaths of the value of ten Dollars per annum & when in the field the same pay and allowance as other troops of the UStates. To be engaged for a term of  years, but except in case of Domestic Insurrection or Foreign Invasion not to be obliged to serve in the field more than  months in one year.\nOne brigade to be raised in the Western parts of Pensylvania & Virginia the N Western Territory & the State of Kentucke. The brigadier to be immediately charged with all the Military Affairs of the UStates in that scene. The other Brigade to be raised in the other part of the Country above described with the same immediate charge to its Brigadier of the military affairs of the UStates in that scene. The Major General to have the general Direction.\nIV \u2003 The following miscellaneous objects to be aimed at\n\u2003I \u2003 The establishment of a system of trade with the Indians under the Agents of Govert.\u2014a plan in detail for this purpose.\n\u2003II \u2003 The establishing it as a principle that every man in arms to attack or resist Indians except in some County under the actual jurisdiction of the laws shall be ipso facto liable to the rules for the Government of the army.\n\u2003III \u2003 The establishment of manufactories under public authority of Cannon Muskets & other arms Powder & Ball all articles of Cloathing except hats & shoes.\n\u261e The organization of the army to be revised, it is presumed to be susceptible of one more perfect.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0496", "content": "Title: The French Revolution, [1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, 1794]\nIn the early periods of the French Revolution, a warm zeal for its success was in this Country a sentiment truly universal. The love of Liberty is here the ruling passion of the Citizens of the UStates pervading every class animating every bosom. As long therefore as the Revolution of France bore the marks of being the cause of liberty it united all hearts concentered all opinions. But this unanimity of approbation has been for a considerable time decreasing. The excesses which have constantly multiplied, with greater and greater aggravations have successively though slowly detached reflecting men from their partiality for an object which has appeared less and less to merit their regard. Their reluctance to abandon it has however been proportioned to the ardor and fondness with which they embraced it. They were willing to overlook many faults\u2014to apologise for some enormities\u2014to hope that better justifications existed than were seen\u2014to look forward to more calm and greater moderation, after the first shocks of the political earthquake had subsided. But instead of this, they have been witnesses to one volcano succeeding another, the last still more dreadful than the former, spreading ruin and devastation far and wide\u2014subverting the foundations of right security and property, of order, morality and religion\u2014sparing neither sex nor age, confounding innocence with guilt, involving the old and the young, the sage and the madman, the long tried friend of virtue and his country and the upstart pretender to purity and patriotism\u2014the bold projector of new treasons with the obscure in indiscriminate and profuse destruction. They have found themselves driven to the painful alternative of renouncing an object dear to their wishes or of becoming by the continuance of their affection for it accomplices with Vice Anarchy Depotism and Impiety.\nBut though an afflicting experience has materially lessened the number of the admirers of the French Revolution among us and has served to chill the ardor of many more, who profess still to retain their attachment to it, from what they suppose to be its ultimate tendency; yet the effect of Experience has been thus far much less than could reasonably have been expected. The predilection for it still continues extensive and ardent. And what is extraordinary it continues to comprehend men who are able to form a just estimate of the information which destroys its title to their favour.\nIt is not among the least perplexing ph\u0153nomina of the present times, that a people like that of the UStates\u2014exemplary for humanity and moderation surpassed by no other in the love of order and a knowlege of the true principles of liberty, distinguished for purity of morals and a just reverence for Religion should so long perservere in partiality for a state of things the most cruel sanguinary and violent that ever stained the annuals of mankind, a state of things which annihilates the foundations of social order and true liberty, confounds all moral distinctions and substitutes to the mild & beneficent religion of the Gospel a gloomy persecuting and desolating atheism. To the eye of a wise man, this partiality is the most inauspicious circumstance, that has appeared in the affairs of this country. It leads involuntarily and irresistibly to apprehensions concerning the soundness of our principles and the stability of our welfare. It is natural to fear that the transition may not be difficult from the approbation of bad things to the imitation of them; a fear which can only be mitigated by a careful estimate of the extraneous causes that have served to mislead the public judgment.\nBut though we may find in these causes a solution of the fact calculated to abate our solicitude for the consequences; yet we can not consider the public happiness as out of the reach of danger so long as our principles continue to be exposed to the debauching influence of admiration for an example which, it will not be too strong to say, presents the caricature of human depravity. And the pride of national character at least can find no alleviation for the wound which must be inflicted by so ill-judged so unfortunate a partiality.\nIf there be any thing solid in virtue\u2014the time must come when it will have been a disgrace to have advocated the Revolution of France in its late stages.\nThis is a language to which the ears of the people of this country have not been accustommed. Every thing has hitherto conspired to confirm the pernicious fascination by which they are enchained. There has been a positive and a negative conspiracy against the truth which has served to shut out its enlightening ray. Those who always float with the popular gale perceiving the prepossession of the people have administered to it by all the acts in their power\u2014endeavouring to recommend themselves by an exaggerated zeal for a favourite object. Others through timidity caution or an ill-judged policy unwilling to expose themselves to the odium of resisting the general current of feeling have betrayed by silence that Truth which they were unable not to perceive. Others, whose sentiments have weight in the community have been themselves the sincere dupes of . Hence the voice of reason has been stifled and the Nation has been left unadmonished to travel on in one of the most degrading delusions that ever disparaged the understandings of an enlightened people.\nTo recal them from this dangerous error\u2014to engage them to dismiss their prejudices & consult dispassionately their own good sense\u2014to lead them to an appeal from their own enthusiasm to their reason and humanity would be the most important service that could be rendered to the UStates at the present juncture. The error entertained is not on a mere speculative question. The French Revolution is a political convulsion that in a great or less degree shakes the whole civilized world and it is of real consequence to the principles and of course to the happiness of a Nation to estimate it rightly.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-17-02-0497", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n[Philadelphia, 1794]\nMr Hamilton will with pleasure execute the commands of the President by the time appointed and have the honor of waiting upon him.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0417", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, [1 January 1794]\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, January 1, 1794]\nMr. Coxe has the honor to inform Mr. Hamilton that an offer was made to him last Night of one dollar \u214c Acre for two parcels one on Snow Valley run a water of Mahantango\u2014& the other in Nescopeack\u2014in all about 8500 As. belong to Church & Coxe\u2014of the land purchased for Mr. Church & himself (Mr. C.) last Spring. The payment will be prompt. Mr. Coxe intends to accept the offer for his part, and wishes to be informed by three OClock, if it will be agreeable to Mr. Hamilton that the part belonging to Mr. Church should also be sold.\nMr. Coxe finds that he has not a copy of the Corn Law of G Britain, but he thinks Mr. Vaughan or Mr. Bond could lend it to Mr. Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0419", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Ellery, [23 January 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Ellery, William\n[Philadelphia, January 23, 1794. \u201cThe Collector of New York informed me \u2026 that the papers concerning the Brigantine Enterprize requested by you had been forwarded by the district attorney of New York, I doubt not these documents are now in your possession.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0420-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Account of Cash Paid to the Credit of John Barker Church, [25 January 1794]\nFrom: \nTo: \nAccount of Cash paid & arising from Notes of hand to come to the credit of John Barker Church Esquire (thro the hands of Alexander Hamltion Esqr.) one half to be credited to account for three parcels of Lands purchased by Tench Coxe for the joint & equal account of sd. Church & said Coxe\u2014AD. 1793\nBy a Payment of\nApl. 9\nDollars one half to be a loan to sd. Coxe on lawful interest payable in\n  three years & one half to be invested in a moiety of said Lands.\nDo \u00bd do and \u00bd do\nDo \u00bd do and \u00bd do\nDo \u00bd do and \u00bd do\nMay 1\nDo \u00bd do and \u00bd do\nDo \u00bd do and \u00bd do\nDo \u00bd do and \u00bd do\nJune 3\nDo \u00bd do and \u00bd do\nDrs. agreeably to Note of Payments furnished before\nDecr 23\nDo \u00bd do and \u00bd do\nJany 8\nDo \u00bd do and \u00bd do\n   This payment was made in a Note for 600 Dollars, discounted & leaving Drs. 593 60/100 of wch. the Rect. was acknowledged, & out of which 300 Drs. were afterwards returned. Wherefore only 293 60/100 Drss are credited in this paper.\n  \u00bd do and \u00bd do\nDo \u00bd do and \u00bd do\n25th Ball.\n40/100remainder to be divided like the foregoing, when rec. into a loan, as to one half & into the investments made in the lands for the other half.\nDrs.\n\u2007 \u2007Dollars, which having been invested in the Lands, one half is the property of Mr.\n  Church, & one half mine, and I am to give my Bond for 5000 Dollars. This\n  completes the arrangement of the Transaction.\nMr. Hamilton pd. the above 206 40/100 Drs this 25th. Jany 1794\u2014and I gave him up the note for 300 Drs. refered in the last Note\n   Note Feb. 22d. 1795. I pd. 17000 Acs. C & C\u2019s lands for Jackson Steedman & Co with Ruston in June 1793\u2014who advd. 200 Drs. to Ball & Smith in Apl. or May 1792.\n, on the transaction of the 10th. & 11th. of Jany. last, which concludes all my demands upon him for the 10000 Drs. invested for our joint Account in Lands & for his own Due to me.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0423", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Stephen Moylan, [19 April 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Moylan, Stephen\n[Philadelphia, April 19, 1794. The dealer\u2019s catalogue description reads: \u201cRequests further particulars regarding the clerks discharged from his office. \u2018\u2026 whether the services performed were in 1793 or 1794.\u2026\u2019\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0429", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Tench Coxe, [19 June 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[Philadelphia, June 19, 1794]\nThere was a Mr. Newton who appeared as President or Secretary of the Democratic Society at Norfolk. Who is he? Had he any connection with the Gentleman of that name lately an Inspector? I will thank you to make inquiry & let me know.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0430", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Nicholson, [25 August 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Nicholson, John\n[Philadelphia, August 25, 1794. The description of this letter in the dealer\u2019s catalogue reads: \u201cRegarding damage done to his house by heavy rains and the need to repair the trouble.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0432", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Nicholas Low, [6 September 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Low, Nicholas\n[Philadelphia, September 6, 1794. Introduces Ernst Frederich von Walterstorff. Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0433", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Samuel Hodgdon, [11 September 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Hodgdon, Samuel\n[Philadelphia, September 11, 1794. The description of this letter in the dealer\u2019s catalogue reads: \u201cRequest for arms and accoutrements, tents and other supplies to be held in readiness for the Jersey Militia \u2018upon the returns of the Commanding Officers of Corps.\u2026\u2019\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0435", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Tench Coxe, 25 September 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\nPhiladelphia Septr. 25th. 1794.\nSir\nAs you mentioned your intention of reinvesting the proceeds of the late Sale in lands, I have thought the following Ideas might be worthy of Consideration.\n  Mr. Church will have, as soon as the papers are completed,\n    in my hands engagements equal in ready money to near 19000 Drs. if the Sale when\n    adjusted includes all his share of the lands under Patterson\u2019s & Stroud of\n    which I have no doubt\u2014say\u2014\n  Drs.\n  principal when due & interest now due of my Debt\u2014say\n  Drs.\nFor these I will give him, patented\u2014\n    my third of the valuable purchase of Wm Steedman & Co. intermixed with Mr. Church\u2019s third which you will remember their letters in 1793, valued at 17/6\n    adjoining to that purchase\n    within 2 or 3 miles of the above body\n    Acres\nThis property is about 75 80 & 90 miles in a direct line N. W. from Philadelphia. Its longitude west of Philadelphia is not 40 miles & of the city of New York about 100 Miles. It is 50 miles nearer to Philadelphia than Asylum (Tallon, Noailles & Co) & in the route to it from New York & Philada. & 1 miles N. E. & By East of the nearest parts of the 4th. Survey of Pennsa. The Settlers around & beyond it are chiefly Jerseymen, new Englandmen, Germans & Quakers & other people from the old Counties of Pennsa. Priestly Co\u2019s purchases are fifty to seventy miles Westward of it, and it is all between the susquahannah & Delaware that is on the East Side of Susquehannah. In order to complete the Land business of Mr. Church I will give 6000 Acres of adjacent land in lieu of so much which Ball & Smith are to furnish to us, with an election of your taking for him within two years instead of those 6000 Acres whatever I may obtain under Mr. Church\u2019s share in that contract within that time.\nIf this arrangement shall appear eligible, Mr. Church would have on this side Susqa. & near to one another about 35000 Acres of land for his original 10,000 Dollars & for my use of a moiety of it for about a year\u2014say 300 Drs. or 35000 Acres for 10300 Drs. The patents might be completed at once & the transaction closed. I will add that I shall be ready to afford my future assistance in Philada. in the sales &ca. of these lands, and in selecting proper agents in the Country, which however I should readily do for his present property without any inducement from the proposed arrangement.\nI have the honor to be \u2003 with gt. respt. \u2003 Sir Yr. mo. obt. Sr.\nT. C.\nA Hamilton Esqr.Atty of J. B. Church, Esq", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0436", "content": "Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Bradford, 27 September 1794\nFrom: Bradford, William\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n[Philadelphia, September 27, 1794. The description of this letter in the dealer\u2019s catalogue reads: \u201cConcerning expenses of \u2018The Commissioners appointed by the President of the United States.\u2019 Bradford \u2026 had apparently advanced the money needed to buy horses, etc., and he inquires if the sums advanced were to be repaid him by the Quartermaster or charged in his account against the U.S.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0437", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Abraham Parley, [8 October 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Parley, Abraham\n[Carlisle, Pennsylvania, October 8, 1794. Letter listed in dealer\u2019s catalogue. Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0438", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jasper Yeates, [11 October 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Yeates, Jasper\n[Carlisle, Pennsylvania, October 11, 1794. The description of this letter in the dealer\u2019s catalogue reads: \u201cRegarding a young Lieutenant James Renshaw of the corps of dragoons, who was being recommended as a proper person for some service needed by Judge Yeates.\u201d Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0439", "content": "Title: Alexander Hamilton, Richard Peters, and William Rawle to David Lenox, 11 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Peters, Richard,Rawle, William,Lenox, David\nTo: \nCamp Rostraver [Pennsylvania] November 11, 1794\nDear Sir\nAltho\u2019 we have uniformly during the present Operation received perfect Satisfaction from your Firmness & Exertion in the Duties of your Office, yet we have, with sincere Sympathy, observed the Torture of your Mind, agitated between a Sense of public Duty & your private Affections, owing to the unpleasant Accounts you have received repeatedly of Mrs. Lenox\u2019s Illness. We cannot withold longer our Advice, that you forthwith return Home; & we trust that, tho\u2019 it may be difficult fully to supply your Place, yet we have a Confidence that such Arrangements will be made, as to prevent the public Service suffering by your Absence.\nWe are with sincere Esteem, your obedt Servts\nAlexander Hamilton\nRichard Peters\nW Rawle\nMajor David Lennox", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0440", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Robert Purviance, 27 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Purviance, Robert\n[Philadelphia, November 27, 1794. Letter listed in dealer\u2019s catalogue. Letter not found.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-26-02-0002-0441", "content": "Title: Subscription for Promoting the Cultivation of the Vine, [1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n[Philadelphia, 1794.] Hamilton purchased one share of the one hundred and thirty-nine shares which were sold to sixty-seven persons in 1794 for \u201cpromoting the cultivation of the vine.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/01-27-02-0001-0007", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jonathan Dayton, [30 March 1794]\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Dayton, Jonathan\nMy Dear Sir\n[Philadelphia, March 30, 1794]\nSome advices are just received from England which add to the favourable complexion of affairs. I wish much to see you for half an hour before you go to Congress. You will find me at the Office.\nYrs. truly\nA Hamilton\nMarch 30th\nMr. Dayton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Hamilton/02-01-02-0002", "content": "Title: From Alexander Hamilton to President & Directors of the Office of Discount and Deposit at New York, 7 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: President & Directors of the Office of Discount and Deposit at New York\n            Gentlemen,\n            Treasury Department July 7th 1794\n          I have authorized David Austin Esquire Collector of New-Haven, to draw upon your institution for any sum not exceeding Two Thousand Dollars\u2014If Mr. Austin therefore should make any use of this Credit, you will be pleased to honor his draughts within the limitation mentioned and transmit them to this Office; upon the receipt of which, the Treasurer will be directed to remit you a check for the amount thereof\u2014\n          I am with Consideration Gentlemen, Your most obedient Servant\n            Alexander Hamilton\n            Secy of the Treasy\n          The President & Directors of the Office of Discount and Deposit at New York", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0002-0001", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 30 September 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \nTuesday 30th. Having determined from the Report of the Commissioners, who were appointed to meet the Insurgents in the Western Counties in the State of Pennsylvania, and from other circumstances\u2014to repair to the places appointed for the Rendezvous, of the Militia of New Jersey Pennsylvania Maryland & Virginia; I left the City of Philadelphia about half past ten oclock this forenoon accompanied by Colo. Hamilton (Secretary of the Treasury) & my private Secretary. Dined at Norris Town and lodged at a place called the Trap\u2014the first 17, and the latter 25 Miles from Philadelphia. At Norris Town we passed a detachment of Militia who were preparing to march for the rendezvous at Carlisle\u2014and at the Trap, late in the evening, we were overtaken by Major Stagg principal Clerk in the Department of War with letters from Genl. Wayne & the Western Army containing official & pleasing accounts of his engagement with the Indians near the British Post\nat the Rapids of the Miami of the Lake and of his having destroyed all the Indian Settlements on that River in the vicinity of the said Post quite up to the grand Glaize\u2014the quantity not less than 5000 acres\u2014and the Stores &ca. of Colo. McGee the British Agent of Indian Affairs a mile or two from the Garrison.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0002", "content": "Title: September [1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \nTuesday 30th. Having determined from the Report of the Commissioners, who were appointed to meet the Insurgents in the Western Counties in the State of Pennsylvania, and from other circumstances\u2014to repair to the places appointed for the Rendezvous, of the Militia of New Jersey Pennsylvania Maryland & Virginia; I left the City of Philadelphia about half past ten oclock this forenoon accompanied by Colo. Hamilton (Secretary of the Treasury) & my private Secretary. Dined at Norris Town and lodged at a place called the Trap\u2014the first 17, and the latter 25 Miles from Philadelphia.\nAt Norris Town we passed a detachment of Militia who were preparing to march for the rendezvous at Carlisle\u2014and at the Trap, late in the evening, we were overtaken by Major Stagg principal Clerk in the Department of War with letters from Genl. Wayne & the Western Army containing official & pleasing accounts of his engagement with the Indians near the British Post\nat the Rapids of the Miami of the Lake and of his having destroyed all the Indian Settlements on that River in the vicinity of the said Post quite up to the grand Glaize\u2014the quantity not less than 5000 acres\u2014and the Stores &ca. of Colo. McGee the British Agent of Indian Affairs a mile or two from the Garrison.\n   private secretary: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., Mrs. Washington\u2019s nephew, had succeeded Tobias Lear as GW\u2019s secretary in mid\u20131791.\n   The Trappe was the name given to a small German settlement and to the area surrounding it. It was on the Germantown Road about nine miles from Pottsgrove (Pottstown).\n   John Stagg (1758\u20131803), of New York, had served during the Revolution in Malcolm\u2019s Additional Continental Regiment, in Spencer\u2019s Additional Continental Regiment, and as brigade major of Conway\u2019s Brigade. He was now chief clerk in the War Department. The message he brought GW was a letter of 28 Aug. 1794 from Maj. Gen. Anthony Wayne to Secretary of War Henry Knox describing his decisive victory over some 2,000 Indians at Fallen Timbers near the Maumee Rapids on 20 Aug. After their defeat the Indians, with Wayne\u2019s army in close pursuit, had fled to Fort Miami, a small British garrison at the rapids of the Maumee. Although to the Indians\u2019 consternation Maj. William Campbell, the fort\u2019s commanding officer, did not open the gates to Britain\u2019s Indian allies, he and Wayne engaged in an acrimonious exchange of letters concerning Wayne\u2019s approach to the fort, copies of which were submitted with Wayne\u2019s letter of 28 Aug. Wayne\u2019s dispatch had been received in Philadelphia 30 Sept., and in view of its importance Edmund Randolph immediately sent Stagg to carry news of the victory to GW (Randolph to GW, 30 Sept. 1794, \u201c\u00bd past 1 oClock,\u201d DLC:GW). mcgee: Alexander McKee (see entry for 20 Oct. 1770) was now British deputy agent for Indian affairs in the area of Detroit. McKee was with the Indians during their retreat from Wayne\u2019s victorious army.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0001", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 1 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n1st. Left the Trap early, and breakfasting at Potts grove 11 Miles we reach Reading to Dinner 19 Miles farther where we found several detachmts. of Infantry & Cavalry preparing for their March to Carlisle.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0002", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 2 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n 2d. An accident happening to one of my horses occasiond. my setting out, later than was intended. I got off in time, however, to make a halt (to bait my horses) at Womeldorfs 14 miles and to view the Canal from Myers town towards Lebanon\u2014and the Locks between the two places; which (four adjoining each other, in the dissent from the Summit ground along the Tulpihockin; built of Brick;) appeared admirably constructed. Reached Lebanon at Night 28 miles.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0004", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 4 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n4th. Forded the Susquehanna; nearly a mile wide, including the Island\u2014at the lower end of wch. the road crosses it. On the Cumberland Side I found a detachment of the Philadelphia light horse ready to receive, and escort me to Carlisle 17 miles; where I arrived at about 11 Oclock. Two miles short of it, I met the Governors of Pennsylvania & New Jersey with all the Cavalry that had rendezvouzed at that place drawn up\u2014passed them\u2014and the Infantry of Pennsylvania before I alighted at my quarters.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0006", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 6\u201312 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n6th. to the 12th. Employed in Organizing the several detachments, which had come in from different Counties of this State, in a very disjointed & loose manner; or rather I ought to have said in urging & assisting Genl. Mifflin to do it; as I no otherwise took the command of the Troops than to press them forward, and to provide them with necessaries for their March, as well, & as far, as our means would admit.  To effect these purposes, I appointed General Hand Adjutant General on the 7th. On the 9th. William Findley and David Redick\u2014deputed by the Committee of Safety (as it is designated) which met on the 2d. of this month at Parkinson Ferry arrived in Camp with the Resolutions of the said Committee; and to give information of the State of things in the four Western Counties of Pennsylvania to wit\u2014Washington Fayette Westd. & Alligany in order to see if it would prevent the March of the Army into them. At 10 oclock I had a meeting with these persons in presence of Govr. Howell (of New Jersey) the Secretary of the Treasury, Colo. Hamilton, & Mr. Dandridge: Govr. Mifflin was invited to be present, but excused himself on acct. of business. I told the Deputies that by one of the Resolutions it would appear that they were empowered to give information of the disposition & of the existing state of matters in the four Counties above men[tioned]; that I was ready to hear & would listen patiently, and with candour to what they had to say. Mr. Findley began. He confined his information to such parts of the four Counties as he was best acquainted with; referring to Mr. Reddick for a recital of what fell within his knowledge, in the other parts of these Counties. The substance of Mr. Findleys communications were as follows\n\u2014viz.\u2014That the People in the parts where he was best acquainted, had seen there folly; and he believed were disposed to submit to the Laws; that he thought, but could not undertake to be responsible, for the re-establishment of the public Offices for the Collection of the Taxes on distilled spirits, & Stills\u2014intimating however, that it might be best for the present, & until the peoples minds were a little more tranquilized, to hold the Office of Inspection at Pitsburgh under the protection\u2014or at least under the influence of the Garrison; That he thought the Distillers would either enter their stills or would put them down; That the Civil authority was beginning to recover its tone; & enumerated some instances of it; That the ignorance, & general want of information among the people far exceeded any thing he had any conception of; That it was not merely the excise law their opposition was aimed at, but to all law, & Government; and to the Officers of Government; and that the situation in which he had been, & the life he had led for sometime, was such, that rather than go through it again, he would prefer quitting this scene altogether. Mr. Redicks information was similar to the above; except as to the three last recitals\u2014on wch. I do not recollect that he expressed any sentiment further than that the situation of those who were not in the opposition to government whilst the frenzy was at its height, were obliged to sleep with their Arms by their bed Sides every night; not knowing but that before Morning they might have occasion to use them in defence of their persons, or their properties. He added, that for a long time after the riots commenced, and until lately, the distrust of one another was such, that even friends were affraid to communicate their sentiments to each other; That by whispers this was brought about; and growing bolder as they became more communicative they found their strength, and that there was a general disposition not only to acquiesce under, but to support the Laws\u2014and he gave some instances also of Magistrates enforcing them. He said the People of those Counties believed that the opposition to the Excise law\u2014or at least that their dereliction to it, in every other part of the U. States was similar to their own, and that no Troops could be got to March against them for the purpose of coercion; that every acct. until very lately, of Troops marching against them was disbelieved; & supposed to be the fabricated tales of governmental men; That now they had got alarmed; That many were disposing of their property at an under rate, in order to leave the Country, and added (I think) that\nthey wd. go to Detroit. That no person of any consequence, except one, but what had availed themselves of the proffered amnesty; That those who were still in the opposition, and obnoxious to the laws, were Men of little or no property, & cared but little where they resided; That he did not believe there was the least intention in them to oppose the Army; & that there was not three rounds of ammunition for them in all the Western Country. He (& I think Mr. Findley also) was apprehensive that the resentments of the Army might be productive of treatment to some of these people that might be attended with disagreeable consequences; & on that account seemed to deprecate the March of it: declaring however, that it was their wish, if the people did not give proofs of unequivocal submission, that it might not stop short of its object. After hearing what both had to say, I briefly told them\u2014That it had been the earnest wish of governmt. to bring the people of those counties to a sense of their duty, by mild, & lenient means; That for the purpose of representing to their sober reflection the fatal consequences of such conduct Commissioners had been sent amongst them that they might be warned, in time, of what must follow, if they persevered in their opposition to the laws; but that coercion wou\u2019d not be resorted to except in the dernier resort: but, that the season of the year made it indispensible that preparation for it should keep pace with the propositions that had been made; That it was unnecessary for me to enumerate the transactions of those people (as they related to the proceedings of government) forasmuch as they knew them as well as I did; That the measure which they were not witness to the adoption of was not less painful than expensive\u2014Was inconvenient, & distressing\u2014in every point of view; but as I considered the support of the Laws as an object of the first magnitude, and the greatest part of the expense had already been incurred, that nothing Short of the most unequivocal proofs of absolute Submission should retard the March of the army into the Western counties, in order to convince them that the government could, & would enforce obedience to the laws\u2014not suffering them to be insulted with impunity. Being asked again what proofs would be required, I answered, they knew as well as I did, what was due to justice & example. They understood my meaning\u2014and asked if they might have another interview. I appointed five oclock in the After noon for it. At this second Meeting there was little more than a repeti[ti]on of what had passed in the forenoon; and it being again mentioned that all the principal characters, except one, in the Western counties who had been in the opposition, had submitted\nto the propositions\u2014I was induced, seeing them in the Street the next day, to ask Mr. Redick who that one was?\u2014telling him at the same time I required no disclosure that he did not feel himself entirely free to make. He requested a little time to think of it, and asked for another meeting\u2014which was appointed at 5 oclock that afternoon\u2014which took place accordingly when he said David Bradford was the person he had alluded to in his former conversations. He requested to know if a Meeting of the people, by their deputies, would be permitted by the Army at any given point, on their March into that Country (with fresh evidence of the sincerity of their disposition to acquiesce in whatever might be required). I replied I saw no objection to it, provided they came unarmed; but to be cautious that not a gun was fired, as there could be no answering for consequences in this case. I assured them that every possible care should be taken to keep the Troops from offering them any insult or damage and that those who always had been subordinate to the Laws, & such as had availed themselves of the amnesty, should not be injured in their persons or property; and that the treatment of the rest would depend upon their own conduct. That the Army, unless opposed, did not mean to act as executioners, or bring offenders to a Military Tribunal; but merely to aid the civil Megistrates, with whom offences would lye. Thus endd. the matter. On the 10th. the light & legionary Corps under the immediate Command of Majr. McPherson\u2014The Jersey Regiment & Guiney\u2019s from Philadelphia commenced their March under the Orders of Governor Howell; and the day following the whole body of Cavalry (except the three Troops of Phila. Horse commanded by Captn. Dunlap, as part of the legion above mentioned) under Genl. White\u2014a new formed Corp of Independant uniform Companies under  & several other Corps under the Command of Govr. Mifflin Marched\u2014all for the rendezvous at Bedford. The Rank of the principal officers of the Army being first settled by me, as follow. \nFirst\u2014Govr. Lee of Virginia to be commander in chief if I do not go out myself.\nSecond\u2014Govr. Mifflen.\nThird\u2014Govr. Howell.\nFourth\u2014Majr. General Danl. Morgan, or Majr. Genl. Irvine, according to the dates of their \u27e8Militia\u27e9 Commissions.\n The Brigadiers in like manner, according to seniority.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0007", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 12 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n12th. Octr. Having settled these Matters, seen the Troops off, as before mentioned; given them their rout & days Marching; and left Majr. Genl. Irvine to organise the remainder of the Pennsylvania detachments as they might come in, & to March them & the Jersey Troops on when refreshed, I set out from Carlisle about 7 Oclock this Morning\u2014dined at Shippensburgh 21 miles further & lodged at Chambersburgh 11 M. farther where I was joined by the Adjt. Genl. Hand.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0008", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 13 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n13th. Breakfasted at Greencastle 10 Miles, & lodged at Williamsport, 14 Miles further. Having now passed thro\u2019 the States of Pennsylvania & Maryland, Williamsport being on the Banks of the Potomac, at the Mouth of Conogocheaque; I shall summarily notice the kind of land, & State of improvements, along the Road I have come. From the City of Philadelphia, or rather from Norris Town to Reading the road passes over a reddish, & slaty, or shelly kind of land, through a very open and hilly Country, tolerably well cultivated by the farmers. The farm houses are good, and their Barns above mediocrity\u2014The former chiefly of Stone. The whole Road indeed from Philadelphia to Reading goes over Hilly & broken grounds\u2014but very pleasant notwithstanding. From Reading to Lebanon, along what is called the Valley, the Country is extremely fine\u2014The lands rich\u2014The Agriculture good\u2014as the buildings also are, especially their Barns, which are large & fine; and for the most part of Stone. This settlement is chiefly of Dutch, and upon the Tulpahocken. From Lebanon to Harrisburgh, along the same Vale, the Lands are also good; but not in so high a state of cultivation as between Reading & Lebanon. From Harrisburgh to Carlisle the lands are exceedingly fine,\nbut not under such cultivation & improvement as one might have expected. From Carlisle along the left Road, which I pursued, to be out of the March of the Army, and to avoid the inconvenience of passing the Waggons belonging to it; the Lands are but indifferent until we came within a few miles of Shippensburgh\u2014The first part of a thin and dry Soil, succeeded by piney flats (not far from the South Mountain). For a few miles before we arrived at Shippensbg. the Lands were good, but uncultivated. The improvements along this road were mean; the farms scattered; the houses but indifferent; and the husbandry apparently bad. Along the Road which the Troops Marched, both the land & the Improvements I was told are much better. The Roads came together again at the East end of the Town. From Shippensburgh to Chambersburgh, the Road passes over pretty good land; better, (but not well) cultivated than that betwn. Carlisle & Shippensburgh. From Chambersburgh to Williamsport the Lands are fine, and the Houses and improvements amended, considerably.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0009", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 14 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n14th. About Seven oclock, or half after it, we left Williamsport; and travelling upon the Maryland side of the River, we breakfasted at one  13 miles on our way\u2014& crossing the Potomac a mile or two below Hancock Town lodged at the Warm Springs; or Bath; 16 miles from our breakfasting stage\u2014and 29 from Williamsport.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0010", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 15 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n15th. Left Bath by seven oclock; & crossing the Cacapohon Mountain, & the Potomack River by a very rough road, we breakfasted at one Goldens\u2014distant about 7 Miles\u2014Bated our horses at a very indifferent place abt. 13 Miles further on\u2014and lodged at the Old Town 33 or 34 Miles. This distance from the extreme\nbadness of the Road, more than half of it being very hilly, & great part of it Stoney, was a severe days Journey for the Carriage horses; they performed it however, well.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0011", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 16 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n16th. After an early breakfast we set out for Cumberland\u2014and about 11 Oclock arrived there. Three miles from the Town I was met by a party of Horse under the command of Major Lewis (my Nephew) and by Brigr. Genl. Smith of the Maryland line, who Escorted me to the Camp; where, finding all the Troops under Arms, I passed along the line of the Army; & was conducted to a house the residence of Major Lynn of the Maryland line (an old Continental Officer) where I was well lodged, & civily entertained.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0012", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 17 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n17th. & 18th. Remained at Cumberland, in order to acquire a true knowledge of the strength\u2014condition\u2014&ca. of the Troops; and to see how they were provided, and when they could be got in readiness to proceed. I found upwards of 3200 Men (Officers included) in this Encampment; Understood that about 500 more were at a little\nVillage on the Virginia side, 11 Miles distant, called Frankfort, under the command of Majr. Genl. Morgan; that 700 more had arrived at that place the evening of the 18th. undr. Brigr. Mathews and 500 more were expected in the course of a few days under Colo. Page and That the whole were well supplied with Provns., Forage & Straw. Having requested that every thing might be speedily arranged for a forward movement, and a light Corps to be organized for the advance under the command of Major Genl. Morgan, I resolved to proceed to Bedford next Morng. At this place a deputation was received from the County of Fayette consisting of a Colo. Mason  Terrence and  Clinton who came to give assurances that deposits for the Army might safely be made in that County, and any person sent from it for this purpose would be safe in doing it. They were desired to get there wheat ground up, and their Oats threshed out, to be in readiness to be drawn to any place, or places that might be required after the Army had crossed the Mountains. From Colo. Mason (who has been a uniform friend to Government) and from a variety of concurrant accounts, it appears evident that the people in the Western Counties of this State have got very much alarmed at the approach of the Army; but though Submission is professed, their principles remain the same; and that nothing but coercion, & example will reclaim & bring them to a due & unequivocal submission to the Laws.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0013", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 19 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n19th. In company with Genl. Lee, who I requested to attend me, that all the arrangements necessary for the Army\u2019s crossing the Mountns. in two columns might be made; Their routs, & days Marches fixed, that the whole might move in Unison\u2014and accompanied by the Adjutant General and my own family we set out, abt. eight oclock, for Bedford, and making one halt at the distance of 12 Miles, reached it a little after 4 oclock in the afternoon being met a little out of the Encampment by Govr. Mifflin\u2014Govr. Howell\u2014& several other Officers of distinction. Quarters were provided for me at the House of a Mr. Espy.\nProthonotary of the County of Bedford\u2014to which I was carried & lodged very comfortably. The Road from Cumberld. to this place is, in places, stoney but in other respects not bad. It passes through a Valley the whole way; and was opened by Troops under my command in the Autumn of 1758. The whole Valley consists of good farming land, & part of it\u2014next Cumberland\u2014is tolerably well improved in its culture but not much so in Houses.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003-0014", "content": "Title: [Diary entry: 20 October 1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n 20th. Called the Quarter Master General, Adjutant General, Contractor, & others of the Staff departmt. before me, & the Commander in chief, at 9 Oclock this morning, in order to fix on the Routs of the two Columns & their Stages; and to know what the situation of matters were in their respective departments\u2014and when they wd. be able to put the Army in motion. Also to obtain a correct return of the strength\u2014and to press the commanding Officers of Corps to prepare with all the Celerity in their power for a forward movement. Upon comparing accts., it was found that the army could be put in motion 23d.\u2014and it was so ordered, by the Routs which will be mentioned hereafter. Matters being thus arranged I wrote a farewell address to the Army through the Commander in Chief\u2014Govr. Lee\u2014to be published in orders\u2014and having prepared his Instructions and made every arrangement that occurred, as necessary I prepared for my return to Philadelphia in order to meet Congress, and to attend to the Civil duties of my Office. I should have mentioned before that I found (on my arrival at Bedford) the judge, and Attorney for the district of Pennsylvania attending, as they had been required to do, the Army. I found also, which appeared to me to be an unlucky measure\u2014that the former had issued his warrants against, and a party of light horse had actually siez\u2019d, one Harman Husband & one Filson as Insurgents or abetters of the Insurrection. I call it unlucky because my intention was to have suspended all proceedings of a Civil Nature until the Army had united its columns in the Center of the Insurgent Counties & then to have ciezed at one & the same all the leaders and principals of the Insurrection and because it is to be feared that the proceeding above mentioned will have given the alarm and those who are most obnoxious to punishment will flee from the Country.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/01-06-02-0003-0003", "content": "Title: October [1794]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n1st. Left the Trap early, and breakfasting at Potts grove 11 Miles we reach Reading to Dinner 19 Miles farther where we found several detachmts. of Infantry & Cavalry preparing for their March to Carlisle.\n   Pottsgrove (Pottstown), on the northeast bank of the Schuylkill River, at this time contained about 90 dwellings, \u201cseveral . . . neat and commodious,\u201d and a Quaker meetinghouse (SCOTT [2]Joseph Scott. The United States Gazetteer: Containing an Authentic description of the Several States, Their Situation, Extent, Boundaries, Soil, Produce, Climate, Population, Trade and Manufactures. Together with the Extent, Boundaries and Population of their Respective Counties . . .. Philadelphia, 1795.). Quartermaster John Hugg Clunn found it \u201ca fine Village, some elegant buildings and the Streets broad\u201d (CLUNNNicholas Wainwright. \u201cMarch on Pittsburgh, 1794.\u201d Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 71 (1947): 44\u201367., 47). During the Revolution, GW had his headquarters at Pottsgrove 21\u201326 Sept. 1777.\n2d. An accident happening to one of my horses occasiond. my setting out, later than was intended. I got off in time, however, to make a halt (to bait my horses) at Womeldorfs 14 miles and to view the Canal from Myers town towards Lebanon\u2014and the Locks between the two places; which (four adjoining each other, in the dissent from the Summit ground along the Tulpihockin; built of Brick;) appeared admirably constructed. Reached Lebanon at Night 28 miles.\n   Womelsdorf (Middletown) in Berks County, Pa., was a \u201cflourishing town . . . containing about 40 dwellings, and a German Luthern and Calvinist church, united\u201d (SCOTT [2]Joseph Scott. The United States Gazetteer: Containing an Authentic description of the Several States, Their Situation, Extent, Boundaries, Soil, Produce, Climate, Population, Trade and Manufactures. Together with the Extent, Boundaries and Population of their Respective Counties . . .. Philadelphia, 1795.). Clunn counted \u201cabout 50 Houses mostly built of log. The Church was built by the Lutheran\u2019s & Presbyterian\u2019s for their joint use\u201d (CLUNNNicholas Wainwright. \u201cMarch on Pittsburgh, 1794.\u201d Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 71 (1947): 44\u201367., 48).\n   Myerstown, Dauphin County, Pa., was about 77 miles from Philadelphia on the north side of Tulpehocken Creek, a few miles below the canal. The canal was part of a construction project of the Schuylkill and Susquehanna Navigation Company and connected Quitipihilla Creek and Tulpehocken Creek (Pa. Mag., 71 [1947], 48, n.25). Quartermaster John Hugg Clunn of the New Jersey militia, visiting the area on 8 Oct. 1794, found Myerstown to be \u201ca Village built of Log. Rode on by the Canal. The Lock is remarkably curious. An Irishman . . . very humbly pulld of his Hatt and asked if I knew the Custom when Gent. came to see the Works. I saw plainly it was 2/ out of my pocket & without further ceremony gave it him\u2014took another look thought it worth 4/\u201d (CLUNNNicholas Wainwright. \u201cMarch on Pittsburgh, 1794.\u201d Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 71 (1947): 44\u201367., 48). Another New Jersey officer noted that the \u201ccanal is already dug ten miles, in which are five locks, to embrace thirty feet; that they are executed in a masterly manner\u2014that in the distance already done there is a great number of elegant arched bridges over the canal, wherever it goes across the road. There are now employed 600 hands at it, and every prospect of succeeding in this part of the bold enterprise\u201d (FORD [6]David Ford. \u201cJournal of an Expedition Made in the Autumn of 1794, with a Detachment of New Jersey Troops, into Western Pennsylvania, to Aid in Suppressing the \u2018Whiskey Rebellion.\u2019\u201d Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society 8 (1856-59): 75\u201388., 81). Lebanon, in Dauphin County, at this time consisted of 2 churches and about 40 houses, mostly built of log (CLUNNNicholas Wainwright. \u201cMarch on Pittsburgh, 1794.\u201d Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 71 (1947): 44\u201367., 48).\n3d. Breakfasted at Humels T. 14 M. and dined and lodged at Harrisburgh on the Banks of the Susquehanna 23 miles from Lebanon.\nAt Harrisburgh we found the first Regiment of New Jersey (about 560 strong) commd. by Colo. Turner drawn out to receive me. Passed along the line, to my Quarters\u2014and after dinner walked through and round the Town which is considerable for its age (of about 8 or 9 years). The Susquehanna at this place abounds in the Rockfish of 12 or 15 Inches in length & a fish which they call Salmon.\n   Hummelstown, Dauphin County, ten miles east of Harrisburg, had around 90 buildings and a German Lutheran church (SCOTT [2]Joseph Scott. The United States Gazetteer: Containing an Authentic description of the Several States, Their Situation, Extent, Boundaries, Soil, Produce, Climate, Population, Trade and Manufactures. Together with the Extent, Boundaries and Population of their Respective Counties . . .. Philadelphia, 1795.).\n   Harrisburg at this time \u201cis regularly laid out, and contains upwards of 300 houses; several of these are neat, commodious dwellings; some of brick, and\nothers of stone; a handsome brick court houses, a stone jail, & a German church\u201d (SCOTT [2]Joseph Scott. The United States Gazetteer: Containing an Authentic description of the Several States, Their Situation, Extent, Boundaries, Soil, Produce, Climate, Population, Trade and Manufactures. Together with the Extent, Boundaries and Population of their Respective Counties . . .. Philadelphia, 1795.).\n   turner: The 1st New Jersey Regiment was under the command of Lt. Col. Francis Davenport (GOULD\u201cJournal by Major William Gould, of the New Jersey Infantry, During an Expedition into Pennsylvania in 1794.\u201d Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society 3 (1848\u201349): 173\u201391., 181). Apparently no Colonel Turner accompanied the New Jersey troops. GW may have meant to write \u201cForman.\u201d Lt. Col. Jonathan Forman was in command of the 3d New Jersey Regiment, infantry, and New Jersey militia (CLUNNNicholas Wainwright. \u201cMarch on Pittsburgh, 1794.\u201d Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 71 (1947): 44\u201367., 58, n.80). Captain Gould notes this day that he, Colonel Forman, and another militia officer \u201caccepted an invitation from the President to take a glass of wine with him (GOULD\u201cJournal by Major William Gould, of the New Jersey Infantry, During an Expedition into Pennsylvania in 1794.\u201d Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society 3 (1848\u201349): 173\u201391., 178).\n   After his arrival in Harrisburg, a group of the town\u2019s citizens presented GW with an address supporting the government. GW replied before his departure early on 4 Oct. (DLC:GW; Gaz. of the U.S., 16 Oct. 1794).\n4th. Forded the Susquehanna; nearly a mile wide, including the Island\u2014at the lower end of wch. the road crosses it.\nOn the Cumberland Side I found a detachment of the Philadelphia light horse ready to receive, and escort me to Carlisle 17 miles; where I arrived at about 11 Oclock. Two miles short of it, I met the Governors of Pennsylvania & New Jersey with all the Cavalry that had rendezvouzed at that place drawn up\u2014passed them\u2014and the Infantry of Pennsylvania before I alighted at my quarters.\n   Traveling the same route in 1783\u201384, Johann David Schoepf observed that the Susquehanna at Harrisburg was \u201cthree quarters of a mile wide, but in the summer months so shallow that only canoes can cross; horses and wagons ford over. In the middle are a few small islands, called Harris\u2019s and also Turkey Islands\u201d (SCHOEPFJohann David Schoepf. Travels in the Confederation [1783\u20131784]. Translated and edited by Alfred J. Morrison. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1911., 1:212). Captain Gould noted today that the troops \u201csuffered much with the cold in crossing [the Susquehanna], it being a very cold morning. The President, General Washington, forded the river in a coach\u2014drove it himself, &c.\u201d (GOULD\u201cJournal by Major William Gould, of the New Jersey Infantry, During an Expedition into Pennsylvania in 1794.\u201d Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society 3 (1848\u201349): 173\u201391., 179).\n   The detachment of the Philadelphia Light Horse had left Carlisle at 3:00 A.M. and met GW just after he crossed the river (Dunlap\u2019s American Daily Adv. [Philadelphia], 17 Oct. 1794).\n   At Carlisle, GW found a town \u201cregularly laid out, consisting of several parallel streets, crossed by others at right angles. It contains upwards of 400 dwellings, chiefly of stone and brick. The public buildings are, a college, a jail, a handsome brick court-house, which stands in the centre of the town; and four houses for public worship\u201d (SCOTT [2]Joseph Scott. The United States Gazetteer: Containing an Authentic description of the Several States, Their Situation, Extent, Boundaries, Soil, Produce, Climate, Population, Trade and Manufactures. Together with the Extent, Boundaries and Population of their Respective Counties . . .. Philadelphia, 1795.). During the Revolution, Carlisle Barracks had been an ordnance depot and in 1791 had been designated as a general rendezvous for federal troops and supplies. It is estimated that during the insurrection between 10,000 and 15,000 troops encamped on the common (TOUSEYThomas G. Tousey. Military History of Carlisle and Carlisle Barracks. Richmond, Va., 1939., 164\u201365).\n   There was \u201cthe greatest vieing between the New Jersey and Pennsylvania horse,\u201d Captain Ford of the New Jersey troops noted, as to \u201cwho should be first on the ground to receive the President. At ten o\u2019clock, the signal for mounting came, and away went the horse\u201d (FORD [6]David Ford. \u201cJournal of an Expedition Made in the Autumn of 1794, with a Detachment of New Jersey Troops, into Western Pennsylvania, to Aid in Suppressing the \u2018Whiskey Rebellion.\u2019\u201d Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society 8 (1856-59): 75\u201388., 85). At 12 o\u2019clock it was announced that the president was approaching. \u201cImmediately the 3 troops from Philadelphia, Gurney\u2019s and Macpherson\u2019s battalions, and the artillery paraded. The horse marched down the road about two miles, followed\nby the Jersey cavalry in great numbers. We were drawn up on the right of the road, when our beloved Washington approached on horseback in a traveling dress, attended by his Secretary, &c. As he passed our troop, he pulled off his hat, and in the most respectful manner bowed to the officers and men; and in this manner passed the line. . . . As soon as the President passed, his escort followed, we joined the train, and entered the town whose inhabitants seemed anxious to see this very great and good man; crowds were assembled in the streets, but their admiration was silent. In this manner the President passed to the front of the camp, where the troops were assembled in front of the tents; the line of artillery, horse and infantry, appeared in the most perfect order; the greatest silence was observed\u201d (\u201cNotes on the March from September 30, until October 29, 1794,\u201d Pa. ArchivesSamuel Hazard et al., eds. Pennsylvania Archives. 9 ser., 138 vols. Philadelphia and Harrisburg, 1852\u20131949., 2d ser., 4:361).\n   While at Carlisle, GW and his party occupied two houses belonging to Ephraim Blaine (1741\u20131804), former commissary general in the Continental Army. Blaine and his family not only provided lodging but also meals and hostelry service for the president and his staff (FREEMANDouglas Southall Freeman. George Washington: A Biography. 7 vols. New York, 1948\u201357., 7:202, n.212).\n   Governor of New Jersey Richard Howell (1754\u20131802) was born in Newark, Del., but moved with his family to Cumberland County, N.J. He studied law there and was admitted to the bar. In 1775 he joined the 2d New Jersey Regiment as a captain, served as brigade major with Stark\u2019s Brigade in 1776, and again with the 2d New Jersey Regiment until his resignation in 1779. He became an active Federalist and was elected governor of New Jersey in 1793, serving until 1801. Something of a poet, Howell is credited with having composed the stanzas in honor of GW for the president\u2019s reception at Assanpink Bridge on his way to New York in April 1789 (see also AGNEWDaniel Agnew. \u201cA Biographical Sketch of Governor Richard Howell, of New Jersey.\u201d Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 22 (1898): 221\u201330., 221\u201330).\n5th.\u2014Sunday. Went to the Presbiterian Meeting and heard Doctr. Davidson Preach a political Sermon, recommendatory of order & good government; and the excellence of that of the United States.\n   The First Presbyterian Church of Carlisle was on the northeast corner of the town\u2019s center square. In 1785 Dr. Robert Davidson (d. 1812) had been called to the church\u2019s pulpit (NEVINAlfred Nevin. Churches of the Valley: or, An Historical Sketch of the Old Presbyterian Congregations of Cumberland and Franklin Counties, in Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1852., 238). Dr. Davidson was an outspoken critic of the rebellion. In a sermon of 28 Sept. 1794 he had railed against the \u201csinners\u201d who had taken up arms against their government. \u201cBut if they will resist, and involve themselves in the guilt of rebellion, they deserve not to be pitied nor spared\u201d (BALDWIN [3]Leland D. Baldwin. Whiskey Rebels: The Story of a Frontier Uprising. 1939. Rev. Ed., Pittsburgh, 1968., 226).\n6th. to the 12th. Employed in Organizing the several detachments, which had come in from different Counties of this State, in a very disjointed & loose manner; or rather I ought to have said in urging & assisting Genl. Mifflin to do it; as I no otherwise took the command of the Troops than to press them forward, and to provide them with necessaries for their March, as well, & as far, as our means would admit.\nTo effect these purposes, I appointed General Hand Adjutant General on the 7th.\nOn the 9th. William Findley and David Redick\u2014deputed by the Committee of Safety (as it is designated) which met on the 2d. of this month at Parkinson Ferry arrived in Camp with the Resolutions of the said Committee; and to give information of the State of things in the four Western Counties of Pennsylvania to wit\u2014Washington Fayette Westd. & Alligany in order to see if it would prevent the March of the Army into them.\nAt 10 oclock I had a meeting with these persons in presence of Govr. Howell (of New Jersey) the Secretary of the Treasury, Colo. Hamilton, & Mr. Dandridge: Govr. Mifflin was invited to be present, but excused himself on acct. of business.\nI told the Deputies that by one of the Resolutions it would appear that they were empowered to give information of the disposition & of the existing state of matters in the four Counties above men[tioned]; that I was ready to hear & would listen patiently, and with candour to what they had to say.\nMr. Findley began. He confined his information to such parts of the four Counties as he was best acquainted with; referring to Mr. Reddick for a recital of what fell within his knowledge, in the other parts of these Counties.\nThe substance of Mr. Findleys communications were as follows\n\u2014viz.\u2014That the People in the parts where he was best acquainted, had seen there folly; and he believed were disposed to submit to the Laws; that he thought, but could not undertake to be responsible, for the re-establishment of the public Offices for the Collection of the Taxes on distilled spirits, & Stills\u2014intimating however, that it might be best for the present, & until the peoples minds were a little more tranquilized, to hold the Office of Inspection at Pitsburgh under the protection\u2014or at least under the influence of the Garrison; That he thought the Distillers would either enter their stills or would put them down; That the Civil authority was beginning to recover its tone; & enumerated some instances of it; That the ignorance, & general want of information among the people far exceeded any thing he had any conception of; That it was not merely the excise law their opposition was aimed at, but to all law, & Government; and to the Officers of Government; and that the situation in which he had been, & the life he had led for sometime, was such, that rather than go through it again, he would prefer quitting this scene altogether.\nMr. Redicks information was similar to the above; except as to the three last recitals\u2014on wch. I do not recollect that he expressed any sentiment further than that the situation of those who were not in the opposition to government whilst the frenzy was at its height, were obliged to sleep with their Arms by their bed Sides every night; not knowing but that before Morning they might have occasion to use them in defence of their persons, or their properties.\nHe added, that for a long time after the riots commenced, and until lately, the distrust of one another was such, that even friends were affraid to communicate their sentiments to each other; That by whispers this was brought about; and growing bolder as they became more communicative they found their strength, and that there was a general disposition not only to acquiesce under, but to support the Laws\u2014and he gave some instances also of Magistrates enforcing them.\nHe said the People of those Counties believed that the opposition to the Excise law\u2014or at least that their dereliction to it, in every other part of the U. States was similar to their own, and that no Troops could be got to March against them for the purpose of coercion; that every acct. until very lately, of Troops marching against them was disbelieved; & supposed to be the fabricated tales of governmental men; That now they had got alarmed; That many were disposing of their property at an under rate, in order to leave the Country, and added (I think) that\nthey wd. go to Detroit. That no person of any consequence, except one, but what had availed themselves of the proffered amnesty; That those who were still in the opposition, and obnoxious to the laws, were Men of little or no property, & cared but little where they resided; That he did not believe there was the least intention in them to oppose the Army; & that there was not three rounds of ammunition for them in all the Western Country. He (& I think Mr. Findley also) was apprehensive that the resentments of the Army might be productive of treatment to some of these people that might be attended with disagreeable consequences; & on that account seemed to deprecate the March of it: declaring however, that it was their wish, if the people did not give proofs of unequivocal submission, that it might not stop short of its object.\nAfter hearing what both had to say, I briefly told them\u2014That it had been the earnest wish of governmt. to bring the people of those counties to a sense of their duty, by mild, & lenient means; That for the purpose of representing to their sober reflection the fatal consequences of such conduct Commissioners had been sent amongst them that they might be warned, in time, of what must follow, if they persevered in their opposition to the laws; but that coercion wou\u2019d not be resorted to except in the dernier resort: but, that the season of the year made it indispensible that preparation for it should keep pace with the propositions that had been made; That it was unnecessary for me to enumerate the transactions of those people (as they related to the proceedings of government) forasmuch as they knew them as well as I did; That the measure which they were not witness to the adoption of was not less painful than expensive\u2014Was inconvenient, & distressing\u2014in every point of view; but as I considered the support of the Laws as an object of the first magnitude, and the greatest part of the expense had already been incurred, that nothing Short of the most unequivocal proofs of absolute Submission should retard the March of the army into the Western counties, in order to convince them that the government could, & would enforce obedience to the laws\u2014not suffering them to be insulted with impunity. Being asked again what proofs would be required, I answered, they knew as well as I did, what was due to justice & example. They understood my meaning\u2014and asked if they might have another interview. I appointed five oclock in the After noon for it. At this second Meeting there was little more than a repeti[ti]on of what had passed in the forenoon; and it being again mentioned that all the principal characters, except one, in the Western counties who had been in the opposition, had submitted\nto the propositions\u2014I was induced, seeing them in the Street the next day, to ask Mr. Redick who that one was?\u2014telling him at the same time I required no disclosure that he did not feel himself entirely free to make. He requested a little time to think of it, and asked for another meeting\u2014which was appointed at 5 oclock that afternoon\u2014which took place accordingly when he said David Bradford was the person he had alluded to in his former conversations.\nHe requested to know if a Meeting of the people, by their deputies, would be permitted by the Army at any given point, on their March into that Country (with fresh evidence of the sincerity of their disposition to acquiesce in whatever might be required). I replied I saw no objection to it, provided they came unarmed; but to be cautious that not a gun was fired, as there could be no answering for consequences in this case. I assured them that every possible care should be taken to keep the Troops from offering them any insult or damage and that those who always had been subordinate to the Laws, & such as had availed themselves of the amnesty, should not be injured in their persons or property; and that the treatment of the rest would depend upon their own conduct. That the Army, unless opposed, did not mean to act as executioners, or bring offenders to a Military Tribunal; but merely to aid the civil Megistrates, with whom offences would lye. Thus endd. the matter.\nOn the 10th. the light & legionary Corps under the immediate Command of Majr. McPherson\u2014The Jersey Regiment & Guiney\u2019s from Philadelphia commenced their March under the Orders of Governor Howell; and the day following the whole body of Cavalry (except the three Troops of Phila. Horse commanded by Captn. Dunlap, as part of the legion above mentioned) under Genl. White\u2014a new formed Corp of Independant uniform Companies under  & several other Corps under the Command of Govr. Mifflin Marched\u2014all for the rendezvous at Bedford.\nThe Rank of the principal officers of the Army being first settled by me, as follow.\nFirst\u2014Govr. Lee of Virginia to be commander in chief if I do not go out myself.\nSecond\u2014Govr. Mifflen.\nThird\u2014Govr. Howell.\nFourth\u2014Majr. General Danl. Morgan, or Majr. Genl. Irvine, according to the dates of their \u27e8Militia\u27e9 Commissions.\nThe Brigadiers in like manner, according to seniority.\n   On 6 Oct. GW wrote Secretary of State Edmund Randolph: \u201cAs I reached this place Saturday only, & have no very precise information from the Insurgent counties I cannot decide definitely at this moment whether I shall proceed into them with the Troops, or return in time for the meeting of Congress. As soon as I can ascertain the true state of the Troops & other matters at this place I intend to proceed to Williamsport, & probably from thence to Fort Cumberland and Bedford; at one or other of which my ulterior resolution must be taken and in either case communications must be prepared for the meeting of Congress\u201d (NIC). By 9 Oct. he had decided to go on with the army at least as far as Bedford and ordered Bartholomew Dandridge to request that Henry Knox send on \u201csundry Articles such as tents, &ca. &ca.\u201d Knox was to forward only such articles \u201cas you conceive will be absolutely necessary for the President\u2019s accommodation. . . . As the President will be going, if he proceeds, into the Country of Whiskey he proposes to make use of that liquor for his drink, and presuming that beef and bread will be furnished by the contractors he requires no supply of these Articles from you\u201d (Dandridge to Knox, 9 Oct. 1794, List of Supplies, 11 Oct. 1794, and GW to Daniel Morgan, 8 Oct. 1794, DLC:GW).\n   On 6 Oct. the citizens of Carlisle presented an address to GW, supporting the laws of the United States. The address and GW\u2019s reply are in DLC:GW. See also Gaz. of the U.S. [Philadelphia], 18 Oct. 1794.\n   After an outstanding military career during the Revolution, Edward Hand (see entry for 3 July 1791) resumed the practice of medicine. In GW\u2019s view he was \u201ca sensible and judicious man . . . and was esteemed a pretty good Officer. But, if I collect rightly, not a very active one\u201d (WRITINGSJohn C. Fitzpatrick, ed. The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745\u20131799. 39 vols. Washington, D.C., 1931\u201344., 31:510).\n   On 8 Oct. there was a general review of the New Jersey horse \u201cat a sight of which the President was pleased to express his great satisfaction\u201d (FORD [6]David Ford. \u201cJournal of an Expedition Made in the Autumn of 1794, with a Detachment of New Jersey Troops, into Western Pennsylvania, to Aid in Suppressing the \u2018Whiskey Rebellion.\u2019\u201d Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society 8 (1856-59): 75\u201388., 85).\n   On 2 Oct. a meeting was held at Parkinson\u2019s Ferry, composed largely of the same individuals as the 14 Aug. meeting. Its members agreed to a series of conciliatory resolutions in an effort to prevent the army from marching into the insurgent counties and sent two emissaries to present the resolutions to GW at Carlisle (GALLATINAlbert Gallatin. The Speech of Albert Gallatin, A Representative from the County of Fayette, in the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, on the Important Question Touching the Validity of the Elections Held in the Four Western Counties of the State, on the 14th day of October, 1794. With Notes and an Appendix, containing sundry Documents relative to the Western Insurrection. Philadelphia, 1795., 22\u201323). For the resolutions and a description of the Parkinson\u2019s Ferry meeting, see BRACKENRIDGE [1]H. M. Brackenridge. History of the Western Insurrection in Western Pennsylvania, Commonly Called the Whiskey Insurrection. 1794. Pittsburgh, 1859., 253\u201354.\n   William Findley (d. 1821), one of the meeting\u2019s representatives, was born in Ireland, immigrated to the United States, and settled in Westmoreland County, Pa., soon after the Revolution. He served in the Pennsylvania legislature, in the 1790 state constitutional convention, and in 1791 was elected to the United States House of Representatives where he became a vigorous opponent of administration policies (Pa. ArchivesSamuel Hazard et al., eds. Pennsylvania Archives. 9 ser., 138 vols. Philadelphia and Harrisburg, 1852\u20131949., 2d ser., 4:41n). His colleague, David Redick (d. 1805), also a native of Ireland, had settled in Washington County, Pa., where he began the practice of law in 1782. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Supreme Executive Council 1786, vice-president of the state 1788\u201389, and prothonotary of Washington County in 1794 (Pa. ArchivesSamuel Hazard et al., eds. Pennsylvania Archives. 9 ser., 138 vols. Philadelphia and Harrisburg, 1852\u20131949., 2d ser., 4:39n).\n   Findley and Redick approached Carlisle with some apprehension, having heard on their way \u201calarming accounts of the army, rendezvoused at that place, being very ungovernable and exceedingly inflamed against the people of the western country indiscriminately\u201d; they were even strongly advised by nearby residents not to venture into the town. After their arrival in the town, \u201chaving early in the morning waited on the President to deliver the papers, and obtained an appointment for an interview, we withdrew in a short time. This was to have been expected; it was about seven o\u2019clock; but before ten the report was current through both the town and the army, that the President had driven us out in six minutes, and was not to see us again; and notwithstanding the President\u2019s established character for discretion and politeness, and the frequent interviews to which we were admitted, this ridiculous story was believed by many in the army\u201d (FINDLEYWilliam Findley. History of the Insurrection, in the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania: In the Year M.DCC.XCIV. With a Recital of the Circumstances Specially Connected Therewith: and an Historical Review of the Previous Situation of the Country. Philadelphia, 1796., 140\u201342). When they met GW to deliver the resolutions, he was alone and received them well. After a short conversation he informed them he had some pressing duties and after breakfast \u201cwas going to see a division of the army march\u201d but would see them at ten. For Findley\u2019s account of the succeeding meeting, much more detailed than GW\u2019s, see FINDLEYWilliam Findley. History of the Insurrection, in the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania: In the Year M.DCC.XCIV. With a Recital of the Circumstances Specially Connected Therewith: and an Historical Review of the Previous Situation of the Country. Philadelphia, 1796., 169\u201389. As the second meeting drew to a close, the representatives expressed a wish that GW would remain with the army if it continued on its western march. \u201cHe replied on this occasion, that if when at Bedford he discovered that his presence would be necessary, and he was not under the necessity of returning to Philadelphia, he possibly would stay with the army, if it advanced into the western country.\n   \u201cI do not pretend that we were treated with attention, from any peculiar attachment to us, whether that was so or not is a matter of no importance in this case. The attention however that he paid to us was the result of sound discretion. He was anxious to prevent bloodshed, and at the same time to enforce due submission to the laws, with as little trouble as possible. . . . The President was very sensible of the inflammatory and ungovernable disposition that had discovered itself in the army before he arrived at Carlisle, and he had not only laboured incessantly to remove that spirit and prevent its effects, but he was solicitous also to remove our fears. As often as we suggested apprehensions of danger from that quarter, he consoled us with assurances of good discipline and subordination to the laws being enforced, and of the disorderly corps being dispersed among such as were more orderly, or if that would not do, that they should be discharged with infamy. Orders were actually given to this effect, and at least in some instances punctually executed\u201d (FINDLEYWilliam Findley. History of the Insurrection, in the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania: In the Year M.DCC.XCIV. With a Recital of the Circumstances Specially Connected Therewith: and an Historical Review of the Previous Situation of the Country. Philadelphia, 1796., 187\u201388).\n   For a description of various incidents involving the behavior of the soldiers toward the civilian population, see BRACKENRIDGE [2]Hugh H. Brackenridge. Incidents of the Insurrection in the Western Parts of Pennsylvania, In the Year 1794. Philadelphia, 1795., pt.2, 30\u201333; FORD [6]David Ford. \u201cJournal of an Expedition Made in the Autumn of 1794, with a Detachment of New Jersey Troops, into Western Pennsylvania, to Aid in Suppressing the \u2018Whiskey Rebellion.\u2019\u201d Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society 8 (1856-59): 75\u201388., 84; FINDLEYWilliam Findley. History of the Insurrection, in the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania: In the Year M.DCC.XCIV. With a Recital of the Circumstances Specially Connected Therewith: and an Historical Review of the Previous Situation of the Country. Philadelphia, 1796., 143\u201344.\n   Findley was correct in believing that other, and contradictory, versions of the meeting were circulating. Capt. David Ford of the New Jersey militia noted that the \u201ccommittee consisted of the damned scoundrel Finley, who most certainly was the first founder of the opposition to law in the four western counties, and of a Mr. Reddick. . . . The President received them; coldly told them he was determined . . . to march the army to the seat of rebellion, and told them, if they met with the least resistance, he would not answer for the consequences. This stern reply seemed to discompose the old villan, and to please every federalist\u201d (FORD [6]David Ford. \u201cJournal of an Expedition Made in the Autumn of 1794, with a Detachment of New Jersey Troops, into Western Pennsylvania, to Aid in Suppressing the \u2018Whiskey Rebellion.\u2019\u201d Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society 8 (1856-59): 75\u201388., 86).\n   David Bradford, one of the most popular and vocal of the insurgent leaders, was a native of Maryland but moved to Washington County, Pa., in 1773 or 1774 and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1783. He was elected to the Pennsylvania General Assembly in 1792. Bradford, who was specifically exempted from the amnesty extended to the other insurgents after order was restored, eventually fled to Louisiana (Pa. ArchivesSamuel Hazard et al., eds. Pennsylvania Archives. 9 ser., 138 vols. Philadelphia and Harrisburg, 1852\u20131949., 2d ser., 4:333\u201334; MULKEARN AND PUGHLois Mulkearn and Edwin V. Pugh. A Traveler\u2019s Guide to Historic Western Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh, 1954., 322).\n   William Macpherson (1756\u20131813), a native of Philadelphia, was a graduate of Princeton. He had served as an officer in the British army before the Revolution but joined the Continental Army in 1779. In Sept. 1789 GW appointed him surveyor for the port of Philadelphia; in 1792, Philadelphia port inspector; and in 1793, Philadelphia naval officer (EXECUTIVE JOURNALJournal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America: From the commencement of the First, to the termination of the Nineteenth Congress. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C., 1828., 1:25, 104, 143, 144). During the Whiskey Insurrection he was in command of a battalion of Philadelphia volunteers called \u201cMacpherson\u2019s Blues\u201d (Pa. ArchivesSamuel Hazard et al., eds. Pennsylvania Archives. 9 ser., 138 vols. Philadelphia and Harrisburg, 1852\u20131949., 2d ser., 4:317).\n   Francis Gurney (1738\u20131815), a native of Bucks County, Pa., served in the French and Indian War, and as a colonel with Pennsylvania troops during the Revolution. After the war he became a merchant in Philadelphia and for a time was warden of the post of Philadelphia, a Philadelphia alderman, and a member of the city council (Pa. Mag., 47 [1923], 175\u201376). In 1794 he was in command of the 1st Regiment of the Philadelphia Brigade with the rank of colonel. Apparently Gurney had considerable difficulty maintaining discipline among his troops, for GW wrote Hamilton, 26 Oct., on his way back to Philadelphia, that \u201cI heard great complaints of Gurney\u2019s Corps (& some of the Artillery) along the road to Strasburgh. . . . In some places, I was told they did not leave a plate, a spoon, a glass or a knife; and this owing, in a great measure I was informed, to their being left without Officers. At most if not all the encampments, I found the fences in a manner burnt up. I pray you to mention this to Govr. Mifflin\u201d (DLC: Hamilton Papers).\n   John Dunlap (1744\u20131812), born in County Tyrone, Ire., came to the United States as a child and was apprenticed to his uncle, William Dunlap, a prominent Philadelphia printer. In 1771 he became printer of the Pennsylvania Packet and in 1784 joined with David C. Claypoole to publish the paper as a daily. Dunlap & Claypoole were printers to the Continental Congress during the Confederation and in 1794 were publishing the Daily Advertiser in Philadelphia. Dunlap had served in the 1st Troop of Philadelphia Light Horse during the Revolution and was captain of the troop during the insurrection (Pa. ArchivesSamuel Hazard et al., eds. Pennsylvania Archives. 9 ser., 138 vols. Philadelphia and Harrisburg, 1852\u20131949., 2d ser., 4:324; THOMASIsaiah Thomas. The History of Printing in America, With a Biography of Printers & an Account of Newspapers. Edited by Marcus A. McCorison. New York, 1970., 386\u201387, 393\u201394).\n   In 1793 Anthony Walton White moved from New York to New Brunswick, N.J., and in 1794 was commissioned brigadier general of cavalry in the campaign against the whiskey insurgents (Pa. Mag., 47 [1923], 172\u201373). See also entry for 1 Jan. 1787.\n   After the Revolution, Daniel Morgan had returned to his estate Saratoga in Frederick County (see entry for 3 Sept. 1784). Now 58 and plagued by ill health, he came out of retirement to serve with the Virginia militia in the 1794 campaign. After the insurrection was repressed, he remained in command of some 1,500 troops which remained in western Pennsylvania to keep order during the winter of 1794\u201395.\n   William Irvine, who held the rank of major general in the Pennsylvania militia, was in command of a brigade composed of troops from Cumberland and Franklin counties (TOUSEYThomas G. Tousey. Military History of Carlisle and Carlisle Barracks. Richmond, Va., 1939., 165).\n   On 10 Oct. \u201cthe Philadelphia horse, Macpherson\u2019s blues and a number of other corps were formed into a legion, to be put under the command of Gen. [Frederick] Frelinghuysen, to lead the van of the army. This corps began their march and was reviewed with a critical eye, by the President. They were followed by the train of artillery, and were to have been followed by the Jersey horse, but by some mistake or other the wagons for transporting our baggage were not provided. This default was severely censured by the President\u201d (FORD [6]David Ford. \u201cJournal of an Expedition Made in the Autumn of 1794, with a Detachment of New Jersey Troops, into Western Pennsylvania, to Aid in Suppressing the \u2018Whiskey Rebellion.\u2019\u201d Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society 8 (1856-59): 75\u201388., 86).\n12th. Octr. Having settled these Matters, seen the Troops off, as before mentioned; given them their rout & days Marching; and left Majr. Genl. Irvine to organise the remainder of the Pennsylvania detachments as they might come in, & to March them & the Jersey Troops on when refreshed, I set out from Carlisle about 7 Oclock this Morning\u2014dined at Shippensburgh 21 miles further & lodged at Chambersburgh 11 M. farther where I was joined by the Adjt. Genl. Hand.\n   Chambersburg, in Franklin County, about 150 miles west of Philadelphia, consisted of \u201cone long street, on which are erected about 200 dwellings, two Presbyterian churches, a stone jail, and handsome brick court-house, a paper and a merchant mill\u201d (SCOTT [2]Joseph Scott. The United States Gazetteer: Containing an Authentic description of the Several States, Their Situation, Extent, Boundaries, Soil, Produce, Climate, Population, Trade and Manufactures. Together with the Extent, Boundaries and Population of their Respective Counties . . .. Philadelphia, 1795.). According to local tradition, GW may have lodged tonight with Dr. Robert Johnson, a surgeon in the Pennsylvania line during the Revolution (EGLE [2]William Henry Egle, ed. Notes and Queries Historical and Genealogical Chiefly Relating to Interior Pennsylvania. 2 vols., 1st and 2d ser. 1894-95. Reprint. Baltimore, 1970., 1st\u20132d ser., 1:225).\n13th. Breakfasted at Greencastle 10 Miles, & lodged at Williamsport, 14 Miles further.\nHaving now passed thro\u2019 the States of Pennsylvania & Maryland, Williamsport being on the Banks of the Potomac, at the Mouth of Conogocheaque; I shall summarily notice the kind of land, & State of improvements, along the Road I have come.\nFrom the City of Philadelphia, or rather from Norris Town to Reading the road passes over a reddish, & slaty, or shelly kind of land, through a very open and hilly Country, tolerably well cultivated by the farmers. The farm houses are good, and their Barns above mediocrity\u2014The former chiefly of Stone. The whole Road indeed from Philadelphia to Reading goes over Hilly & broken grounds\u2014but very pleasant notwithstanding.\nFrom Reading to Lebanon, along what is called the Valley, the Country is extremely fine\u2014The lands rich\u2014The Agriculture good\u2014as the buildings also are, especially their Barns, which are large & fine; and for the most part of Stone. This settlement is chiefly of Dutch, and upon the Tulpahocken.\nFrom Lebanon to Harrisburgh, along the same Vale, the Lands are also good; but not in so high a state of cultivation as between Reading & Lebanon.\nFrom Harrisburgh to Carlisle the lands are exceedingly fine,\nbut not under such cultivation & improvement as one might have expected.\nFrom Carlisle along the left Road, which I pursued, to be out of the March of the Army, and to avoid the inconvenience of passing the Waggons belonging to it; the Lands are but indifferent until we came within a few miles of Shippensburgh\u2014The first part of a thin and dry Soil, succeeded by piney flats (not far from the South Mountain). For a few miles before we arrived at Shippensbg. the Lands were good, but uncultivated. The improvements along this road were mean; the farms scattered; the houses but indifferent; and the husbandry apparently bad. Along the Road which the Troops Marched, both the land & the Improvements I was told are much better. The Roads came together again at the East end of the Town.\nFrom Shippensburgh to Chambersburgh, the Road passes over pretty good land; better, (but not well) cultivated than that betwn. Carlisle & Shippensburgh.\nFrom Chambersburgh to Williamsport the Lands are fine, and the Houses and improvements amended, considerably.\n   Greencastle was 11 miles southwest of Chambersburg, in Franklin County, and consisted of about 80 houses and 2 churches (SCOTT [2]Joseph Scott. The United States Gazetteer: Containing an Authentic description of the Several States, Their Situation, Extent, Boundaries, Soil, Produce, Climate, Population, Trade and Manufactures. Together with the Extent, Boundaries and Population of their Respective Counties . . .. Philadelphia, 1795.).\n   From Shippensburg to Bedford the army was able to make use of a well-kept state road, generally following the route of Forbes Road, constructed during the French and Indian War (CLUNNNicholas Wainwright. \u201cMarch on Pittsburgh, 1794.\u201d Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 71 (1947): 44\u201367., 50, n.38).\n14th. About Seven oclock, or half after it, we left Williamsport; and travelling upon the Maryland side of the River, we breakfasted at one  13 miles on our way\u2014& crossing the Potomac a mile or two below Hancock Town lodged at the Warm Springs; or Bath; 16 miles from our breakfasting stage\u2014and 29 from Williamsport.\n   Johann David Schoepf described his trip through this region as a journey \u201cthrough fertile valleys and over a few barren hills, consisting wholly of limestone soil and growing almost nothing but white-oaks. I came to Hancocktown on the Potowmack; a small place begun shortly before the war and numbering only a dozen houses. It belongs to Maryland which province here runs very narrow, for but a mile and a half from the town I crossed the boundary-line\u201d (SCHOEPFJohann David Schoepf. Travels in the Confederation [1783\u20131784]. Translated and edited by Alfred J. Morrison. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1911., 1:308).\n15th. Left Bath by seven oclock; & crossing the Cacapohon Mountain, & the Potomack River by a very rough road, we breakfasted at one Goldens\u2014distant about 7 Miles\u2014Bated our horses at a very indifferent place abt. 13 Miles further on\u2014and lodged at the Old Town 33 or 34 Miles. This distance from the extreme\nbadness of the Road, more than half of it being very hilly, & great part of it Stoney, was a severe days Journey for the Carriage horses; they performed it however, well.\n16th. After an early breakfast we set out for Cumberland\u2014and about 11 Oclock arrived there.\nThree miles from the Town I was met by a party of Horse under the command of Major Lewis (my Nephew) and by Brigr. Genl. Smith of the Maryland line, who Escorted me to the Camp; where, finding all the Troops under Arms, I passed along the line of the Army; & was conducted to a house the residence of Major Lynn of the Maryland line (an old Continental Officer) where I was well lodged, & civily entertained.\n   Cumberland, Md., was the rendezvous for the militia from Maryland and Virginia; the Pennsylvania and New Jersey militia were to rendezvous at Bedford, Pa.\n   George Lewis (see entry for 3 April 1785) was now a captain in command of the Fredericksburg Troop of Volunteers. He was promoted to major on 17 Oct. The troops under Lewis\u2019s command had left Fredericksburg on 22 Sept. (WELLFORD\u201cA Diary Kept by Dr. Robert Wellford, of Fredericksburg, Virginia, during the March of the Virginia Troops to Fort Pitt (Pittsburg) to Suppress the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794.\u201d William and Mary Quarterly, 1st ser., 11 (1902\u20133): 1\u201319., 2, 8; SORLEYMerrow Egerton Sorley, comp. Lewis of Warner Hall: The History of a Family . . .. 1935. Reprint. Baltimore, 1979., 154).\n   Samuel Smith (1752\u20131839), Baltimore merchant, was born in Pennsylvania but in 1759 moved with his family to Baltimore. During the Revolution, Smith served with Maryland regiments from 1776 to 1779, resigning in 1779 with the rank of lieutenant colonel. From 1790 to 1792 he served in the Maryland House of Delegates. In 1793 he was elected as a Democrat to the Third Congress and served until 1803 when he was elected to the Senate. At this time he was a major general in the Maryland militia (CASSELLFrank A. Cassell. Merchant Congressman in the Young Republic: Samuel Smith of Maryland, 1752\u20131839. Madison, Wis., 1971., 58\u201359).\n   David Lynn (d. 1835) served in various Maryland regiments from 1776 to 1783.\n   Dr. Robert Wellford of Fredericksburg, who was with the Virginia troops, noted in his diary GW\u2019s arrival at Cumberland: \u201cBetween eleven & twelve o\u2019clock this day arrived the President of the United States escorted into the town & to Head Quarters near the Fort by three troops of light dragoons, every man of whom cheerfully left ye encampment to pay the President a compliment, every regiment was drawn up in excellent order to receive him, & as he passed the line of Infantry he deliberately bowed to every officer individually. The Artillery at the same time announced his arrival\u201d (WELLFORD\u201cA Diary Kept by Dr. Robert Wellford, of Fredericksburg, Virginia, during the March of the Virginia Troops to Fort Pitt (Pittsburg) to Suppress the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794.\u201d William and Mary Quarterly, 1st ser., 11 (1902\u20133): 1\u201319., 7).\n17th. & 18th. Remained at Cumberland, in order to acquire a true knowledge of the strength\u2014condition\u2014&ca. of the Troops; and to see how they were provided, and when they could be got in readiness to proceed.\nI found upwards of 3200 Men (Officers included) in this Encampment; Understood that about 500 more were at a little\nVillage on the Virginia side, 11 Miles distant, called Frankfort, under the command of Majr. Genl. Morgan; that 700 more had arrived at that place the evening of the 18th. undr. Brigr. Mathews and 500 more were expected in the course of a few days under Colo. Page and That the whole were well supplied with Provns., Forage & Straw.\nHaving requested that every thing might be speedily arranged for a forward movement, and a light Corps to be organized for the advance under the command of Major Genl. Morgan, I resolved to proceed to Bedford next Morng.\nAt this place a deputation was received from the County of Fayette consisting of a Colo. Mason  Terrence and  Clinton who came to give assurances that deposits for the Army might safely be made in that County, and any person sent from it for this purpose would be safe in doing it.\nThey were desired to get there wheat ground up, and their Oats threshed out, to be in readiness to be drawn to any place, or places that might be required after the Army had crossed the Mountains.\nFrom Colo. Mason (who has been a uniform friend to Government) and from a variety of concurrant accounts, it appears evident that the people in the Western Counties of this State have got very much alarmed at the approach of the Army; but though Submission is professed, their principles remain the same; and that nothing but coercion, & example will reclaim & bring them to a due & unequivocal submission to the Laws.\n   On 17 Oct., Dr. Wellford of the Fredericksburg troops reported that he \u201cwas this day invited to dine with the President, and with a number of Officers, dined under Genl. Lee\u2019s Marque, and was treated very affably by the President, who was pleased to express his approbation of my conduct\u201d (WELLFORD\u201cA Diary Kept by Dr. Robert Wellford, of Fredericksburg, Virginia, during the March of the Virginia Troops to Fort Pitt (Pittsburg) to Suppress the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794.\u201d William and Mary Quarterly, 1st ser., 11 (1902\u20133): 1\u201319., 8). terrence: probably Joseph Torrence of Franklin Township, Fayette County, Pa. Clinton may have been Charles Clinton of Union Township, Fayette County. Mason may have been Isaac Meason, a Fayette County judge.\n19th. In company with Genl. Lee, who I requested to attend me, that all the arrangements necessary for the Army\u2019s crossing the Mountns. in two columns might be made; Their routs, & days Marches fixed, that the whole might move in Unison\u2014and accompanied by the Adjutant General and my own family we set out, abt. eight oclock, for Bedford, and making one halt at the distance of 12 Miles, reached it a little after 4 oclock in the afternoon being met a little out of the Encampment by Govr. Mifflin\u2014Govr. Howell\u2014& several other Officers of distinction.\nQuarters were provided for me at the House of a Mr. Espy.\nProthonotary of the County of Bedford\u2014to which I was carried & lodged very comfortably.\nThe Road from Cumberld. to this place is, in places, stoney but in other respects not bad. It passes through a Valley the whole way; and was opened by Troops under my command in the Autumn of 1758. The whole Valley consists of good farming land, & part of it\u2014next Cumberland\u2014is tolerably well improved in its culture but not much so in Houses.\n   On 19 Oct., Dr. Wellford noted in his diary that \u201cthis morning the President of the United States set out for Bedford on his return to the right wing of the Army, & from there to the seat of Government. . . . The Cavalry this morning escorted the President about five miles from (camp), when he requested the Troops to return, & taking leave spoke to Major George Lewis as follows: \u2018George, You are the eldest of five nephews that I have in this Army, let your conduct be an example to them, and do not turn your back until you are ordered.\u2019 Major Lewis made a suitable reply, but from this address of the President it was conjectured that the Troops would not be entirely disbanded at the end of the three months\u2019 service.\n   \u201cMem: The President\u2019s five nephews are Major George Lewis, Commandant of the Cavalry. Major Laurence Lewis, Aid de Camp to Major Genl. Morgan. Mr. Howell Lewis, in Capt. Mercer\u2019s troop. and Mr. Saml. Washington (son of Col. Ch\u2019s Washington), and Mr. Laurence Washington (son of Col. Saml. Washington), both of whom are light horsemen in the troop lately commanded by Capt. Lewis\u201d (WELLFORD\u201cA Diary Kept by Dr. Robert Wellford, of Fredericksburg, Virginia, during the March of the Virginia Troops to Fort Pitt (Pittsburg) to Suppress the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794.\u201d William and Mary Quarterly, 1st ser., 11 (1902\u20133): 1\u201319., 8\u20139). At this time Bedford, some 110 miles west of Philadelphia, contained 41 log and 9 stone dwellings, a brick market house, a stone jail, a courthouse, and a brick building for keeping the records of the county (SCOTT [2]Joseph Scott. The United States Gazetteer: Containing an Authentic description of the Several States, Their Situation, Extent, Boundaries, Soil, Produce, Climate, Population, Trade and Manufactures. Together with the Extent, Boundaries and Population of their Respective Counties . . .. Philadelphia, 1795.). \u201cThe President\u2019s reception at Bedford on his return to the seat of Government was affectionate and interesting,\u201d Dr. Wellford continued. \u201cWhen it was announced that He was approaching, the troops & the artillery paraded, the Cavalry marched down the road two miles, & drew up on the right of the road. As General Washington passed he pulled off his hat, &, in the most respectful manner, bowed to the officers & men, and in this manner passed the line, who were affected by the sight of their Chief, for whom each individual seemed to show the affectionate regard that would have been to an honoured Parent. As soon as the President passed, his escort followed the Troops, joined the train, & entered the town, whose inhabitants seemed anxious to see this very great and good Man. Crowds were assembled in the streets, but their admiration was silent. In this manner the President passed in front of the Camp, where the troops were assembled in front of the Tents. the line of Artillery Horse & Infantry appeared in the most perfect order, the greatest silence was observed. Genl. Washington approached the right uncovered, passed along the line bowing in the most respectful & affectionate manner to the officers\u2014he appeared pleased\u201d (WELLFORD\u201cA Diary Kept by Dr. Robert Wellford, of Fredericksburg, Virginia, during the March of the Virginia Troops to Fort Pitt (Pittsburg) to Suppress the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794.\u201d William and Mary Quarterly, 1st ser., 11 (1902\u20133): 1\u201319., 9\u201310).\n   David Espy was one of Bedford\u2019s first settlers. His house was \u201ca two-story stone structure with three windows across the front and a high hipped roof giving almost a full floor in the attic.\u201d The house had been used by Arthur St. Clair when he was prothonotary of Bedford County (MULKEARN AND PUGHLois Mulkearn and Edwin V. Pugh. A Traveler\u2019s Guide to Historic Western Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh, 1954., 130, 139). road: For GW\u2019s route to join Gen. John Forbes for the march on Fort Duquesne in 1758, see FREEMANDouglas Southall Freeman. George Washington: A Biography. 7 vols. New York, 1948\u201357., 2:324\u201333.\n20th. Called the Quarter Master General, Adjutant General, Contractor, & others of the Staff departmt. before me, & the Commander in chief, at 9 Oclock this morning, in order to fix on the Routs of the two Columns & their Stages; and to know what the situation of matters were in their respective departments\u2014and when they wd. be able to put the Army in motion. Also to obtain a correct return of the strength\u2014and to press the commanding Officers of Corps to prepare with all the Celerity in their power for a forward movement.\nUpon comparing accts., it was found that the army could be put in motion 23d.\u2014and it was so ordered, by the Routs which will be mentioned hereafter.\nMatters being thus arranged I wrote a farewell address to the Army through the Commander in Chief\u2014Govr. Lee\u2014to be published in orders\u2014and having prepared his Instructions and made every arrangement that occurred, as necessary I prepared for my return to Philadelphia in order to meet Congress, and to attend to the Civil duties of my Office.\nI should have mentioned before that I found (on my arrival at Bedford) the judge, and Attorney for the district of Pennsylvania attending, as they had been required to do, the Army.\nI found also, which appeared to me to be an unlucky measure\u2014that the former had issued his warrants against, and a party of light horse had actually siez\u2019d, one Harman Husband & one Filson as Insurgents or abetters of the Insurrection. I call it unlucky because my intention was to have suspended all proceedings of a Civil Nature until the Army had united its columns in the Center of the Insurgent Counties & then to have ciezed at one & the same all the leaders and principals of the Insurrection and because it is to be feared that the proceeding above mentioned will have given the alarm and those who are most obnoxious to punishment will flee from the Country.\n   staff departmt.: It is uncertain in some instances to which officers GW was referring. Henry Miller was quartermaster for the militia army as a whole; Clement Biddle was quartermaster for Pennsylvania. Edward Hand was adjutant general. The contractor was probably Elie Williams who was in Bedford at this time. Ephraim Blaine of Carlisle was responsible for wagons, horses, forage, and fuel. George Gale, supervisor of the revenue for Maryland, was responsible for supplying the Maryland militia; Joel Gibbs was contractor for the artillery (RISCHErna Risch. Quartermaster Support of the Army: A History of the Corps, 1775\u20131939. Washington, D.C., 1962., 110; HAMILTON [2]Harold C. Syrett et al., eds. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. 27 vols. New York, 1961\u201387., 17:150\u201352).\n   GW\u2019s farewell to the army was contained in his letter of this day to Henry Lee expressing \u201cthe very high sense I entertain of the enlightened and patriotic zeal for the constitution and the laws which has led them chearfully to quit their families and homes and the comforts of private life to undertake and thus far to perform a long and fatiguing march and to encounter the\nhardships and privations of a Military life.\u201d He warned every officer and soldier, however, that he had come to western Pennsylvania to support the laws and \u201cthat it would be peculiarly unbecoming in him to be in any way the infractor of them. . . . The dispensation of . . . justice belongs to the civil Magistrate and let it ever be our pride and our glory to leave the sacred deposit there unviolated\u201d (DLC:GW). Lee included the letter in his General Orders of 21 Oct. 1794 (Pa. ArchivesSamuel Hazard et al., eds. Pennsylvania Archives. 9 ser., 138 vols. Philadelphia and Harrisburg, 1852\u20131949., 2d ser., 4:350\u201353).\n   GW\u2019s instructions were submitted through Alexander Hamilton in a letter from Hamilton to Lee, 20 Oct. 1794: \u201cI have it in special instruction from the President of the United States . . . to convey to you on his behalf, the following instructions for the general direction of your conduct in the command of the Militia army.\u201d The instructions directed Lee to march the army in two columns in the direction of Parkinson\u2019s Ferry and suggested that upon the army\u2019s arrival in the insurgents\u2019 area a proclamation should be issued exhorting all citizens to abide by the laws. Armed insurgents should be turned over to the civil authority and the rest sent home. When the insurrection was suppressed the army was to withdraw \u201cdetaching such a force as you deem adequate; to be stationed within the disaffected Country. . . . You are to exert yourself by all possible means to preserve discipline among the troops, particularly a scrupulous regard to the rights of persons and property and a respect for the authority of the civil magistrate; taking especial care to inculcate and cause to be observed this principal, that the duties of the army are confined to the attacking and subduing of armed opponents of the laws, and to the supporting and aiding of the civil officers in the execution of their functions\u201d (HAMILTON [2]Harold C. Syrett et al., eds. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. 27 vols. New York, 1961\u201387., 17:331\u201336).\n   judge, and attorney for the district of pennsylvania: Richard Peters (1744\u20131828), judge of the United States district court of Pennsylvania and a native of Philadelphia, served as secretary of the Board of War 1776\u201381 and as a member of the Continental Congress 1782\u201383. William Rawle (1759\u20131836) of Philadelphia studied law in London at the Middle Temple. After his return to the United States in 1783 he practiced law in Philadelphia. GW appointed him United States attorney for the district of Pennsylvania in 1791. Peters and Rawle accompanied the army on its march west from Bedford.\n   Herman Husband (1724\u20131795) was living at Coffee Springs Farm in Somerset County, Pa., in 1794. Born probably in Cecil County, Md., he moved to North Carolina around 1755. About 1759 he returned to Maryland but moved back to North Carolina in 1761. He soon became a spokesman for frontier rights and was a leader of the Regulators in North Carolina in the backwoods attack on Gov. William Tryon\u2019s taxation policies. He was forced to flee to Pennsylvania in 1771. Settling in Somerset County, he served in the Pennsylvania legislature 1777, 1778, and 1790, where he was particularly interested in the development of the iron industry in Pennsylvania (MULKEARN AND PUGHLois Mulkearn and Edwin V. Pugh. A Traveler\u2019s Guide to Historic Western Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh, 1954., 290). Johann David Schoepf encountered this frontier eccentric. \u201cbarefoot and dressed in dirty clothes,\u201d on his journey west in 1783\u201384. After his flight from North Carolina, Schoepf observed, Husband \u201cbetook himself hither into the mountains, where under a changed name and wearing strange clothing, he contrived to avoid further persecution. . . . Instead of matters of state he concerns himself now with prophecies of which several have appeared in Goddard\u2019s Maryland Calendar under the name of Hutrim Hutrim, or the Philosopher of the Alleghany. In one of these he\n      had calculated the time of his death, but has already lived some years beyond the term\u201d (SCHOEPFJohann David Schoepf. Travels in the Confederation [1783\u20131784]. Translated and edited by Alfred J. Morrison. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1911., 1:292\u201397). When the revolt against the excise erupted, Husband not suprisingly assumed a leading role.\n   Robert Philson was a storekeeper in Berlin, Bedford County, Pa. Husband, Philson, and two other prisoners taken at approximately the same time were sent to Philadelphia for trial, and GW wrote Hamilton 31 Oct. that they \u201cwere safely lodged in this City on Wednesday afternoon\u201d (DLC: Hamilton Papers).\n   On his return to Philadelphia, GW apparently followed a route from Bedford to Chambersburg, from Chambersburg to York, and then to Lancaster, from which place he proceeded to Philadelphia. On Tuesday evening 21 Oct. he wrote Hamilton from \u201cHartley\u2019s\u201d (DLC:GW). This was William Hartley\u2019s stone house, some four miles east of Bedford (MULKEARN AND PUGHLois Mulkearn and Edwin V. Pugh. A Traveler\u2019s Guide to Historic Western Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh, 1954., 141). By 26 Oct. he had reached Wright\u2019s ferry on the Susquehanna. From there he wrote Hamilton that \u201cthus far I have proceeded without accident to man, horse or Carriage, altho\u2019 the latter has had wherewith to try its goodness; especially in ascending the North Mountain from Skinners by a wrong road. . . . I rode yesterday afternoon thro\u2019 the rain from York Town to this place, and got twice in the height of it hung, (and delayed by that means) on the rocks in the middle of the Susquehanna, but I did not feel half as much for my own situation as I did on acct. of the Troops on the Mountains, and of the effect the rain might have on the Roads through the glades\u201d (DLC: Hamilton Papers). On 31 Oct. he wrote Hamilton from Philadelphia that \u201cby pushing through the rain (which fell more or less on Saturday, Sunday and Monday) I arrived in this City before noon on Tuesday [28 Oct.]; without encountering any thing so unpleasant than the badness of the ways, after the rains had softened the earth and made them susceptible of deep impression of the Wheels\u201d (DLC: Hamilton Papers).\n   After GW\u2019s departure from Bedford, the army, unruly and poorly disciplined, continued on the march to the Pittsburgh area and to Washington County, reaching the disaffected counties early in November, and by 17 Nov. Hamilton, who had accompanied the army, wrote GW that \u201cthe list of prisoners has been very considerably increased, probably to the amount of 150. . . . Subsequent intelligence shews that there is no regular assemblage of the fugitives where it is supposed\u2014there are only small vagrant parties in that quarter affording no point of Attack. Every thing is urging on for the return of the troops\u201d (DLC:GW). On 19 Nov., Hamilton wrote that \u201cthe army is generally in motion homeward\u201d (DLC:GW). A regiment of infantry, with nine months\u2019 enlistment, was raised by Lee to maintain order in the counties involved in the insurrection (Hamilton to GW, 8 Nov. 1794, NjP:De Coppet Collection). The insurgents\u2019 trials dragged on through much of 1795 and most of the accused were acquitted for lack of evidence, GW issuing a proclamation 10 July pardoning most of those who were not sentenced or under indictment (PHi: Wallace Papers).\n   In his Sixth Annual Address to Congress, 19 Nov. 1794, GW recapitulated the course the government had taken to suppress the insurrection and gave his own views as to its cause: \u201cDuring the session of the year 1790, it was expedient to exercise the legislature power, granted by the constitution of the United States, \u2018to lay and collect excises.\u2019 In a majority of the States, scarcely an objection was heard to this mode of taxation. In some indeed, alarms were at first conceived; until they were banished by reason and\npatriotism. In the four western counties of Pennsylvania, a prejudice, fostered and embittered by the artifice of men who labored for an ascendency over the will of others by the guidance of their passions, produced symptoms of riot and violence. It is well known, that Congress did not hesitate to examine the complaints which were presented; and to relieve them, as far as justice dictated, or general convenience would permit, But the impression, which this moderation made on the discontented, did not correspond, with what it deserved. The arts of delusion were no longer confined to the efforts of designing individuals. The very forbearance to press prosecutions was misinterpreted into a fear of urging the execution of the laws; and associations of men began to denounce threats against the officers employed. From a belief, that, by a more formal concert, their operation might be defeated; certain self-created societies assumed the tone of condemnation. Hence, while the greater part of Pennsylvania itself were conforming themselves to the acts of excise; a few counties were resolved to frustrate them. It was now perceived, that every expectation from the tenderness which had been hitherto pursued, was unavailing, and that further delay could only create an opinion of impotency or irresolution in the government. Legal process was, therefore, delivered to the Marshal, against rioters and delinquent distillers\u201d (Gaz. of the U.S. [Philadelphia], 19 Nov. 1794).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0001", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 1 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\n            Philadelphia January 1st 1794\n          I yesterday received with sincere regret your resignation of the office of Secretary of\n              State. Since it has been impossible to prevail upon you, to\n            forego any longer the indulgence of your desire for private life; the event, however\n            anxious I am to avert it, must be submitted to.\n          But I cannot suffer you to leave your Station, without assuring you, that the opinion,\n            which I had formed, of your integrity & talents, and which dictated your original\n            nomination, has been confirmed by the fullest experience; and that both have been\n            eminently displayed in the discharge of your duties.\n          Let a conviction of my most earnest prayers for your happiness accompany you in your\n            retirement; and while I accept with the warmest thanks your solicitude for my welfare, I\n            beg you to believe, that I always am Dear Sir Your Sincere friend and Affecte Hble\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0002", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 1 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Knox, Henry\n            United States January 1. 1794.\n          I enclose you a resolve of the Senate of the United States of the 31. Ultimo, and\n            request you would state what measures have been taken relative to the subject alluded", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0003", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Howell Lewis, 1 January 1794\nFrom: Lewis, Howell\nTo: Washington, George\n            Mount Vernon January 1st 1794\n          I recd Mr Dandridg\u2019s letters of the 18th & 23d of last Month. There directions I shall attend to. I will if you think proper, deliver all the\n            receipts for money paid by me, to Mr Pearce, and when I return to Philadelphia will\n            bring you an accurate Accot of the whole Sum. I shall deliver the Plans of the several\n            Farms to him \u2014Mr Pearce has not yet arrived, & I cant learn\n            any thing of him. Mr Butler leaves Mount Vernon this day, and has applied to me to\n            settle his accot with you, but not having recd any directions from you, I declined\n            having any thing to do with it, until I heard from you, I gave him 10 Dollars till\n            then\u2014There is but 85 dollars in the house & Mr Stuart not paid yet\u2014Mr Davenport had\n            \u00a322.4.10 & the rest I have paid for the use of the Farms & Mansion house.\n          The weather was so severe the last week as to Block up the River so Close, as to suffer\n            People to walk a cross at Alexandria, at this Place it was frozen a cross, & as low\n            dow[n] the River as I could see; It is now breaking up, & if Mr Pearce, does not\n            take the advantage of the present situation of the Rive[r], I question whether he gets\n            here at all this winter by water\u2014I perceive that this Freezing & thawing weather has\n            injured your wheat considerably, from the frost spewing it up, & the Sun thawing the\n            earth from the roots & leaves them bare.\n          We are all well here, & I must conclude with my compliments to my Aunt & the\n            Family & those of the new year & I am your Affecte Nephew", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0004", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 1 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n            Gentlemen of the Senate,\n            United States Jany 1st 1794.\n          I nominate Edmund Randolph, to be Secretary of State for the United States; vice Thomas\n            Jefferson, who has resigned.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0005", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William White, 1 January 1794\nFrom: White, William\nTo: Washington, George\n            Honoured & dear Sir,\n          It appears to me, that the Way in which your benevolent Purpose expressed in your Note\n            of Yesterday, may best be answered, is, by lodging the intended Donation in the Hands of\n            the Treasurer of the Overseers of the poor\u2014Mr Wm Millar in Front Street; with an Intimation, that it is expected, the Money will be distributed,\n            according to the private Discretion of the Gentlemen, to the more deserving poor; &\n            in Addition to the stated Allowance. My Reason for recommending this Provision, is, that\n            the Overseers have occasionally under their Notice Families, for whom their Feelings\n            must incline them to do more, than the legal Execution of their Trust would warrant.\n          I would cheerfully, Sir, offer my personal Attention, to the Distribution of what you\n            intend to bestow: But being by an annual Duty, engaged at the present Season, in\n            Connection with our Church-Warden, in the distributing of sundry\n            Charities among the poor Members of our Church, my Knowlege of the poor is\n            proportionably greatest in that particular Line; which would occasion a partial\n            Division, of what I presume to be intended in Favor of the poor of the City, generally.\n            I can think of no Plan that promises so much Impartiality, as that which I have taken\n            the Liberty to recommend.\n          In writing to Mr Ogden, Sir, I shall pay Attention to what you desire me to express to\n            him. That Gentleman has frequently endeavoured to interest me in Matters, in which I\n            could not interfere with Decency, or to any useful Purpose: But I little expected, that\n            he would have brought them before the President of the United States.\n          Wishing you, Sir, an happy New Year; & many, very many Returns of this annual Day,\n            I have the Honour to subscribe myself, Your most respectful & affectionate humble", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0006", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William White, 1 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: White, William\n          I have been favoured with two notes from yo\u27e8u\u27e9 of this date\u2014the last, in time to\n            prevent the mistake which the first would have led me into.\n          The mode which you have suggested for imparting the small pittance my resources will\n            enable me to contribute towards the comfort of the needy in this City appears to be a\n            very eligable one, and as you have been so obliging as to offer to place it in proper\n            hands, for this purpose, I take the liberty of enclosing 250 dollars.\n          I have no desire that my name should be mentioned; if so small a sum can effect any\n            good purpose my object will be answered, and all my wishes respecting it gratified.\n          I offer you the compliments of the season\u27e8\u2014the\u27e9 happy return of many of them\u2014and the\n            sincere respects & regard of Yr Affecte Hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0009-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 2 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n              Philadelphia January 2. 179[4]\n            I do myself the honor of inclosing to you a certificate from Judge Wilson, of my\n              having qualified, as secretary of state. A duplicate is deposited among the files of\n            I must intreat you, sir, to receive my very affectionate acknowledgments, for the\n              various instances of your confidence; and to be assured, that, let the consequence be,\n              what it may, in this perilous office, no consideration of party shall ever influence\n              me; nothing shall relax my attention or warp my probity; and it shall be my unremitted\n              study to become an accurate master of this new and important business.\n            At the commencement of my duties, I have thought it adviseable to write to the\n              Secretaries of the Treasury and of war, and to the President\n              of the bank of the U.S. the letters of which the inclosed are copies. I have the honor, sir, to be with sincere respect and attachment yr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0009-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Affidavit from James Wilson, 2 January 1794\nFrom: Wilson, James\nTo: \n              United States to wit:\n            I James Wilson one of the associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United\n              States do hereby certify that I have this day administered to Edmund Randolph in\n              pursuance of an act entituled \u201cAn act to regulate the time and manner of administering\n                certain oaths,\u201d an oath, that he will support the constitution of\n              the United States; and that I have also at the same time\n              administered to the same Edmund Randolph in pursuance of the act intituled \u201cAn act for\n              establishing an executive department to be denominated the department of foreign\n              Affairs,\u201d an oath well and faithfully to execute the trust committed to him in the\n              office of Secretary of State for the United States.\n            Given under my hand and Seal at the City of Philadelphia this second day of January\n              James Wilson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0010", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 2 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n            Gentlemen of the Senate,\n            United States 2d January 1794.\n          I nominate Philip Burr Bradley of Connecticut, to be Marshal of and for the Connecticut\n            district, continued, the legal term of his former appointment having expired.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0014", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 3 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia January 3. 1794\n          I had the honor of observing to you this morning, that the commissioners ought not, in\n            my opinion, nor indeed in the opinion of Mr Jefferson and Mr Madison, to abandon the\n            legal title to the lots sold.\n          The facility, which occurred to me, was, that the commissioners might\n            by a power of attorney authorize Mr Pinckney  or any other of\n            our ministers residing at places abroad, where Mr Greenleaf might sell lots, to convey\n            the legal title to any purchasers, whom he may designate, upon receiving the purchase\n            money for public use. It is true, that some of the lots may be worth more, than the\n            average-price stipulated, and that sales may be made of the choicest. Still I should\n            think, that the personal obligation of Messrs Greenleaf and Morris, added to the hold on\n            the remaining lots, would sufficiently secure the U.S. against the inconvenience of\n            picking the lots; that is, would always secure the payment of the remainder.\n          I have mentioned nothing of lots, which Mr Greenleaf may sell here; because the legal\n            title of them may be at any moment adjusted. I have the honor, sir, to be, with the\n            highest respect, yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0015", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 4 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            Treasury Department Jany 4. 1794\n          The Secretary of the Treasury, to whom was referred, by the President of the United\n            States a Letter from the Minister of the French Republic to the Secretary of State,\n            dated the 21st instant, respectfully makes the following,\n          The Minister observes, that it results from the report of the Secretary of the Treasy\n            that upon an accidental error, the interests of the French republic and the character of\n            it\u2019s representative were compromitted by a refusal to accept drafts, delivered to the\n            agents by whom they were supplied, for sums due to the republic;\n            adding to this observation, the further one, that it seems to him that a like measure\n            meritted the most serious attention, and that he knows not by what name to call the\n            negligence which was committed i[n] this respect.\n          This asperity of remark might, it would seem, have been prevented by a due attention to\n            circumstances and facts. It was stated, in the report to which the Minister refers, that\n            the error in question was the mere mistake of the Clerk charged with registering his\n            drafts, as they were presented at the Treasury. It will not be alleged that this was not\n            the proper business of a Clerk, and all that could be expected from the head of the\n            Department, or the officer having in his place the principal direction, is, that there\n            should have been due care in selecting the person to whose immediate agency the duty was\n            entrusted. To this point there was no want of attention. The clerk selected had been\n            long tried in public business and has a well established reputation for fidelity and\n            accuracy. This officer is himself persuaded, that in the instance, which occasioned the\n            demur, no error was committed; and firmly believes, that the convenience of parties had\n            produced an alteration in the bill, after it was noted by him. But this surmise of his\n            has been rejected, and it has been taken for granted & admitted, that there was a\n            mistake on his part; though, as no mark was set upon any bill presented and noted, that\n            admission was founded on considerations, in which candour & delicacy governed. No\n            palliation of the mistake will be attempted to be derived from topics connected with any\n            derangement of the course of business resulting from the late calamitous condition of\n            the City of Philadelphia, nor from the absence of the Secretary of the Treasury from the\n            seat of Government for the recovery of his health, when the incident deemed so\n            exceptionable took place.\n          The hesitation about the registering of the bills, which appeared to have been\n            overdrawn, was a mere consequence of the first mistake.\n          The main object of the registry of the bills, was to ascertain for the satisfaction of holders, that there were funds in the treasury, subject to the\n            payment of them, and to secure to those holders a priority, in the event of there being an overdrawing. It was therefore a matter of course that the\n            registry should cease, as soon as itself shewed that the amount of the bills presented\n            equalled the amount of the fund destined for satisfying them. Being the proper and\n            regular guide to the officers of the Treasury, they could not but be expected to follow\n          All that could be asked (if a mistake happened) was, that the consequences of it should\n            be corrected as soon as the mistake was discovered\u2014and this was in fact done. Nor did\n            more than a week elapse before the drafts, which had been suspended on account of the\n            mistake, were recognized & admitted.\n          But it is suggested by the Minister, that tho\u2019 the error was rectified, the injury\n            which it occasioned, has not been cured. That event, it is asserted, has furnished to\n            the ill disposed, and to the enemies of the French republic, a powerful mean of hurting\n            it\u2019s cause, by alarming the merchants & ruining the credit of it\u2019s agents.\n          If this assertion were better founded than it is, it would only afford room to regret\n            the consequence of an involuntary error. But whatever injury the credit of France in\n            this Country or of her agents may have sustained, it is to be traced to other sources.\n            More adequate causes can be assigned for it. The assertion which has been made calls for\n            a specification of those causes.\n          The first of them was, the disappointment of our Citizens in not receiving payment of\n            bills to a large amount furnished to them by the administration of St Domingo, with\n            assurances of being paid here by the agents of France; at the same time that it was\n            known, that these agents had obtained from the Government of the United States, funds\n            adequate to such payment, which had been applied to other objects. In mentioning this\n            circumstance it is only intended to note the fact, and it\u2019s effect\u2014not to question the\n            propriety of the application which was made of the funds.\n          Another, and a far more powerful cause, was, the refusal of the present minister to pay\n            certain bills, which had had the positive sanction of his predecessor; diverting from\n            that destination funds which were understood to have been appropriated to it\u2014and this\n            too in contravention of his own arrangement with the Treasury.\n          These bills had, like those first mentioned, been drawn by the administration of St\n            Domingo. But they had in addition been virtually accepted by the late Consul of France,\n            in concert with it\u2019s then minister & in conformity with an understanding between the\n            latter & this Government.\n          The arrival of the present minister devolved upon him the disposal of the unfurnished\n            residue of the funds which had been promised to his predecessor. An early opportunity\n            was taken to intimate to him the reliance of the Government, that the bills accepted as\n            above, and unpaid would be satisfied by him out of that residue. He gave, without\n            hesitation, a correspondent assurance, & on the 3d of June last addressed to the\n            Secy of the Treasury, a letter in the following terms (viz:). \u201cI pray you to put\n            hereafter in the disposition of Citizen Bournonville, Secretary of Legation of the\n            Republic, the funds destined to the acquittal of the drafts of the Colony of St Domingo,\n            according to the order of payment settled between you & my predecessor.\u201d \n          A part of these funds was accordingly put into the hands of Mr Bournonville, in\n            expectation that they would be applied as had been agreed. And upon the enquiries of\n            some of the holders of the bills at the Treasury, in whom apprehensions had been\n            excited, they were assured that they need not entertain any, as it was the known\n            intention of the present Minister to fulfill the engagements of his predecessor; and\n            that funds had been furnished to him for taking up the bills which were falling due.\n          The Minister afterwards deemed it necessary to change the destination of these funds,\n            as he announced in his letter of the\n          18. of June to the Secretary of State, and in fact refused payment of the bills. This measure, of a nature destructive to credit, had the effect,\n            which was to have been anticipated.\n          The very expedient of registering at the Treasury the drafts of the minister, was\n            rendered necessary by a pre-existing bad state of credit. It engaged the treasury to\n            nothing more than to secure to those, who presented bills, a preferrence against others,\n            to whom subsequent drafts might be given overrunning the fund for payment; and was\n            devised to facilitate to the Minister an auxiliary mean of credit, of which he stood in\n          These unquestionable truths demonstrate, that there is no room to impute to the\n            consequences of the mistake, which was committed, any deficiency of\n            credit which may have embarrassed the operations of the minister.\n          But it is a further truth, that if his credit has suffered by the refusal of the\n            treasury to admit his drafts, it is chiefly to be referred to the draft for 20,000\n            Dollars predicated upon the fund to be at the disposal of France in January; which was\n              finally refused, because not authorised by any previous\n            arrangement between the Government and the Minister.\n          The temporary demur about other bills speedily abandoned and explained, could not have\n            had an influence, bearing any proportion to that of the ultimate refusal of the above\n            mentioned bill.\n          As far as this refusal may have had a prejudicial operation, \u2019tis imputable wholly to\n            the irregularity of having drawn the bill, not only without the consent of the\n            Government, but even contrary to an intimation from it; in a case too in which it was\n            free to refuse.\n          That it was with the consent of the Government, will not be pretended. The Letter from\n            the Secretary of the Treasury to the Minister, of the 24 of July, accompanying his\n            former report on the subject, excludes all plea of constructive or implied consent.\n          That it was contrary to an intimation from the Government, results from the following\n          The Minister, by a letter of the 14 of June to the Secretary of State, communicated the\n            intention of giving to those, who should furnish him with Supplies, \u201cdelegations,\u201d or\n            assignments of the debt to France in payment; desiring, as a pre-requisite to this\n            operation, that the Treasury should be instructed to come to a speedy adjustment with\n            him, of the account of the debt from the United States to France.\n          To this suggestion the Secretary of State, by a letter of the 19 of June, (after\n            assuring him that instructions would be given for the settlement of the account) replied\n            as follows\u2014\u201cIn the mean time, what is further to be done, will doubtless be the subject\n            of further reflection and enquiry with you, & particularly the operation proposed in\n            your letter will be viewed under all its aspects. Among these, we think it will present\n            itself as a measure too questionable both in principle & practicability, too deeply\n            interesting to the credit of the United States, & too unpromising\n            in its result to France to be found eligible to yourself. Finally we rest secure that what is of mutual concern will not be done but with mutual concert.\u201d\n          Without mutual concert, without even an intervening consultation for that purpose, the\n            Minister thought proper to issue his \u201cdelegations\u201d or drafts upon a fund not embraced by\n            any previous arrangement: and he now makes it matter of complaint that these\n            \u201cdelegations\u201d were not registered. Was it to have been expected that the treasury should\n            become the passive instrument of a measure so irregular\u2014so unwarranted?\n          But the Minister in justification of the stop, makes two observations.\n          1.\u2003That as the 300,000 livres due the first of January are\n            the interest of the Loan of [6000000] made by France to the\n            United States in 1783, the reimbursements of which are not [to] commence \u2019till 1797, he can see no motive, that could arrest the payment of the\n            interest of that sum at the epoch stipulated, as long as there was due to France an\n              equivalent.\n          2d.\u2003That supposing the payments, which have been made by the\n            Treasury, to exceed the amount of the sums due, he has always been firmly convinced that\n            these advances (to which the urgent wants of France had forced a recourse) would be\n            applied to the extinction of the debt taken in totality; a measure perfectly agreeing\n            with the clause inserted in the different contracts, which expresses that the United\n            States might, if they judged proper, liberate themselves sooner than the epochs fixed by\n            those Contracts.\n          These observations admit of obvious answers. \u2019Tis affirmed on our part, and the\n            Minister seems himself to be sensible of its truth, that our payments hitherto exceed\n            the sums demandable by the terms of our Contracts. It may be taken for granted, that\n            this is the case beyond the amount of the interest of the [6000000] accruing in January.\n            The United States are at liberty to consider the excess as an anticipation of the\n            capital of the Loans; but they are not bound to do so. They have an option to do that,\n            or to set it off against the interest accruing on the unpaid residue of the debt. The\n            universal course of business will justify them in the latter and their contracts say\n            nothing to the contrary. Not having declared a different option, they were free to\n            pursue that alternative, and consequently, as has been said, to refuse\n            the drafts of the Minister, predicated upon the January interest.\n          The circumstance which he notices, of the reimbursements of the [6000000] loan not commencing \u2019till 1797, cannot affect this conclusion. These\n            reimbursements so postponed relate to the Capital of the debt;\n            & that postponement of course cannot bring into question the propriety of setting\n            off against the interest, annually payable, sums advanced beyond\n            those which were antecedently due.\n          The conviction of the minister, that the advances, which might have been made would be\n            deferred towards the final extinction of the debt, could be no rule to the treasury, as\n            long as it had not been authorised by any assurance from the Government; or when it was\n            recollected, that the propriety of a mutual previous concert, about whatever was not a\n            matter of course, was indicated to him, no only by the reason of the timing, but by\n            unequivocal declarations.\n          In fact, whether the course on which he declares himself to have relied could have been\n            pursued or not depended on circumstances; that is, on the means which should exist of\n            making intermediate payments and postponing the advances to an ulterior arrangement; a\n            point at this moment unascertained, from causes which have heretofore been\n            disclosed.\n          But the Minister not only hazarded his credit, by drawing without a previous\n            arrangement the bill for 20,000 dollars, payable out of the January interest\u2014he hazarded\n            it likewise by actually overdrawing the funds placed at his\n            disposal in September & November last; so that if no mistake had occurred at the\n            treasury, he might have been exposed by his own conduct to consequences which in that\n            respect happened by accident.\n          The Secretary now proceeds to the demands contained in the Memorial of the\n            Minister\u2014these are\n          1.\u2003That the state of the account of the United States with\n            France be presented with the least possible delay.\n          2.\u2003That the sums, which may have been advanced to France,\n            beyond those which were demandable on the terms of the Contracts, be applied to the\n            extinction of the debt taken in totallity.\n          3.\u2003That, provisionally, and until the state of the account\n            can be determined, the Secretary of the Treasury be authorised to\n            register the \u201cDelegations\u201d or drafts, which the Minister shall have occasion to issue,\n            to the extent of Five millions Tournois.\n          With regard to the first point\u2014the account is now in a course of adjustment between the\n            Comptroller, on the part of the Treasury, & Mr Bournonville on the part of the\n            Minister. There are some points which require a mutual adjustment before they can be\n            fixed definitively. A correct view of the account cannot be\n            presented \u2019till these points are settled. That done, it shall be immediately laid before\n            the President.\n          With regard to the second point, the Secretary is of opinion that a determination\n            concerning it cannot now be made. The adoption of the Minister\u2019s proposition would\n            amount to an agreement to pay the accruing instalments at the periods stipulated in the\n            Contracts, though the advances which have been made should exceed them. But such an\n            agreement cannot safely be entered into, because it is now problematical whether the\n            Executive will be possessed in time of funds which can be applied to that purpose,\n            without neglecting objects of positive obligation and essential to our credit\u2014as has\n            been already explained & communicated.\n          With regard to the third point\u2014the answer to the second is an answer to this also. If\n            rightly understood this proposition depends upon the second. It appears necessary first\n            to ascertain what is to be paid & when it is to be paid, before any sanction can\n            safely be given to the proposed \u201cdelegations\u201d or drafts. This pre-supposes a settlement\n            of accounts & a further view of our pecuniary prospects. All which is respectfully\n            Alexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0017", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 4 January 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War department January 4th 1794\n          I suggest to your consideration the propriety of creating by law, an Office of\n            Commissary of Stores, the person who should be appointed thereto to have the\n            superintendence and accountability of receiving, safekeeping and issuing all the public\n            Stores under such regulations as the wisdom of Congress may devise.\n          An Office similar to this existed and was found indespensible during the late War, but\n            which was abolished by a resolve of Congress of the 20. July 1785.\n          It is however conceived necessary and proper that under the prospect of augmenting the\n            means of our defence that this branch of public service should be placed under the\n            direction of a responsible Officer. I have the honor to be with\n            the greatest respect sir Your obedient Servant.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0019", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 4 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia January 4. 1794.\n          I have examined the journal of the proceedings of the Executive in the territory North\n            West of the Ohio. It is very little more, than a history of bickerings and discontents,\n            which do not require the attention of the President. I shall therefore forbear to send\n            it to you, unless you should call for it.\n          The laws of that territory are now under transcription, that they may be forwarded to\n            Congress. It was for some time doubted, whether they were to be laid before that body,\n            without a special order for that purpose. But the doubt is now removed, by a\n            conversation with Colo. Sargent. I have the honor, sir, to be\n            with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0020", "content": "Title: To George Washington from George Read, 4 January 1794\nFrom: Read, George\nTo: Washington, George\n            New Castle [Del.] 4th Janry 1794.\n          As the two fugitive Ladies from St Domingo who addressed those two letters to you which\n            I now return in this inclosure lived very retired from their\n            coming into this place I had heard nothing more respecting them than from the report of\n            three of the Inhabitants acting as a Committee to inquire into the situation and wants\n            of the French strangers that had temporary residence among us\u2014That they appeared to be\n            well bred women who spoke of possessing real property in the district of Jeremie and had for some time expected the arrival of a considerable\n            quantity of Coffee, part of it\u2019s produce which had been nearly ready for shipping when\n            they left the Island\u2014that they expressed a desire to obtain a Loan or advance of monies\n            on the credit of their property but declined to make known their particular wants or to\n            accept any part of the provision made here for distressed French Fugitives who might\n            come among us. As I do not speak their language I had not made them any personal visit\n            until after I received your Favour of the 26th Ulto and making every inquiry within my\n            reach then of their character situation and circumstances, the result of which is that I\n            am induced to believe they are such persons as they represent themselves in their inclosed Letters and further that their family Connections have\n            been among the most respectable of that Island. Under this Impression I delivered your\n            Letter addressed to them with its particular contents and they expressed much\n            satisfaction at receiving it. I have hopes that the legislature of the State who will be\n            in Session in the next Week will provide further relief than what can be obtained from\n            the private contributions of a few\u2014there are several other wanting persons (fugitives)\n            in our Town and the burthen of supply is borne by a few.\n          It wou\u2019d Afford me pleasure at all times to carry into Execution your wishes and more\n            particularly so on Occasions similar to the present one. with the utmost Esteem and\n            respect I am Sir Your most Obedient and very humble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0021", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Louis Busque, 6 January 1794\nFrom: Busque, Louis\nTo: Washington, George\n            A Son Exc\u00e9llence Washington, pr\u00e9sident du congr\u00e9s des\n              Etats unis de l\u2019am\u00e9rique\n            A Baltimore Le 6 janvier 1794\n          Ecrire au R\u00e9staurateur de La Libert\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine! Ecrire a ce R\u00e9publicain! on d\u00e9vine\n            ais\u00e9ment que c\u2019est a Washington, qu\u2019on parle: Lui Rapp\u00e9llerons nous qu\u2019il a degag\u00e9 son\n            pays des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s qui Le d\u00e9gradoint, qu\u2019il a terrass\u00e9 Le d\u00e9spotisme en Rappellant Le\n            peuple am\u00e9rican a Sa grandeur! et qu\u2019il a donn\u00e9 ce ton m\u00e2le d\u2019En\u00e9rgie \u00e1 l\u2019homme pour Lui\n            faire conno\u00eetre ce qu\u2019il est \u27e8a\u27e9 nous Sa mod\u00e9stie me Le d\u00e9fend, et Sa d\u00e9licatesse me\n            dispense de c\u00e9t Eloge. Essayons de Lui \u00e9xpos\u00e8r n\u00f4tre Situation avec\n            une plume Simple, La Seule qui puisse Lui convenir.\n          je m\u00eatts Sous Les yeux de Son Exc\u00e8llence que jai \u00e9t\u00e9 victime des criminalistes qui ont\n            p\u00e9rdu n\u00f4tre colonie, et que j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 En Butte a La faction des Emissaires de L\u2019ancien\n            gouvernement pour avoir manifest\u00e9 de patriotisme, et fait des Efforts pour Sauver St\n            domingue; ces v\u00e9rtus dans un ch\u00e9f de La garde nationale, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consider\u00e9es comme des\n            crimes aux yeux des Enn\u00e9mis implacables de La R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise, qui avoint R\u00e9solu\n            d\u2019an\u00e9antir un pays jadis aussi fortun\u00e9. a ces traits d\u2019horreur on Recconno\u00eet Bien Les\n            commissaires nationaux civils, qui ont massacr\u00e9s incendi\u00e9s, ambarqu\u00e9s, et proscrits Le\n            Restes des fran\u00e7ais Le plus R\u00e9ccommandables, d\u00e9vou\u00e9s enti\u00e9rement a La constitution\n            R\u00e9publicaine, et tout ce qu\u2019ils pocc\u00e9doint a tomb\u00e9 au pouvoir de Leurs Ravisseurs. \u00e1\n            p\u00e9ine Suis-je Echapp\u00e9 au couteau de Ses assassins, que je R\u00e9trouve dans La p\u00e9rsonne du\n            ministre G\u00e9n\u00e9t, un 3me commissaire, qui n\u2019a pas moins de cruaut\u00e9 que Les polver\u00e9l et\n            Sonthonax, de Laisser p\u00e9rir de mis\u00e9re et de faim Les fran\u00e7ais, qui Lui demandent s\u00e9cours\n            et assistance; ainsi g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, mourir d\u2019une mani\u00e9re ou d\u2019autre c\u2019est toujours mourir, et\n            c\u00e9tte Barbarie Remplit Enti\u00e9rement Le plan de nos Enn\u00e8mis conjur\u00e9 et pour Rendre n\u00f4tre\n            position plus am\u00e9re, ce ministre infid\u00e9lle R\u00e9pend av\u00e9c profusion hor de La R\u00e9publique a\n            Ses ennemis, en abusant une infinit\u00e9 des fran\u00e7ais qui ne Savent ou donn\u00e9r de La\n              t\u00eate. Le coeur me saigne R\u00e9publicaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, de voir une\n            partie des fran\u00e7ais R\u00e9pendus dans v\u00f4tre continent faire des voeux pour La p\u00e9rte de Leur\n            m\u00e9re patrie, et non Se joindre a ceux des v\u00e9ritables fran\u00e7ais, qui ne c\u00e9ssent d\u2019en faire\n            pour La R\u00e9\u00fctssitte de Ses armes contre toute L\u2019europe. mais Le tems approche? Les\n            ennemis commencent a Se confondre. cet Espoir me R\u00e9donne La vie! et tout S\u00e9ra compens\u00e9.\n            \u00e1 Se tableau Washington Sensible, Recconno\u00eetra L\u00e2me franche d\u2019un colon fran\u00e7ais, qui a\n            eu L\u2019honneur de combattre dans Les gr\u00e9nadi\u00e9res de gatinois, pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9r la Reduction\n            d\u2019York; et faire m\u00eattre Bas Les armes a Ses Enn\u00e9mis et attend de Sa Bont\u00e9 facile des\n            S\u00e9cours de Son Exc\u00e9llence, qui n\u2019a peu obt\u00e9nir du R\u00e9presentant de Sa Nation\n            BusqueChef du 1er Bataillon de Lagarde nationale du port au\n            a Son Exc\u00e9llence Washington\n              addr\u00e9sse poste R\u00e9stante", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0023", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William DuVal, 6 January 1794\nFrom: DuVal, William\nTo: Washington, George\n            Richmond [Va.] January 6th 1794\n          I beg leave to introduce to your Notice Mr Ast a Merchant in this City and a Gentleman\n            of respectibility. He lived several Years in the Family of the late Thomas Barclay Esqr.\n            when they were in Europe. He will offer Sir to your Consideration Three Schemes or plans\n            which I am told, may be, if adopted benefial, of that Sir, you\u2019ll be the most competent\n            Judge, and if they merit your approbation their Utility will induce you to afford Mr Ast\n            your Countenance and patronage. I am Sir, with the highest\n            Respect, Your mo. obt Servant.\n            William DuVal.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0026", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Howell Lewis or William Pearce, 6 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William,Howell, Lewis\n\t\tMr Lewis\u2014or Mr Pearce Philadelphia Jan. 6th 1794\n          The Reports of the 28th of December have been received, and Mr Butlers acct\n            therewith\u2014As I have no Acct against him, and Mr Whiting only kept memorandums, instead\n            of regular Accounts, he must be paid according to his own statement. for this, and other\n            purposes, I send two bank notes for one hundred dollars each.\n          It is very unlucky that the late spell of freezing weather should be suffered to pass\n            away without filling the Ice house. do not let this happen again; but embrace the first\n            freezing that happens to accomplish this work.\n          Let me know what quantity of Oats have been threshed at the Mansion house, and what has\n            been done with them? By the time employed in getting them out there ought to be a good\n            many of them. I wish to know also what quantity Stuart has? These two parcels, together\n            with those at Dogue Run I directed to be reserved for Seed\u2014& when the whole quantity\n            contained at the different places are known I shall be abl\u27e8e\u27e9 to decide how much more to\n            provide\u2014or what further to do in the case.\n          There was Oats raised from a few grains of a particular sort which I sent to my\n            Gardener last Spring\u2014get these from him, and make the most of them, by\n            sowing them in drills the coming Spring. By Mr Jefferson, I sent\n            a Bundle of Poccon or Illinois nut and desired them to be left at the Post Office in\n            Alexandria. When they are recd desire the Gardener to plant them in a nursery. I shall send more by the first Vessel, or other proper conveyence wch\n            shall offer. I also gave the Gardener a few Seed of East India hemp to raise from,\n            enquire for the seed which has been saved, and make the most of it at the proper Season\n          What is the present appearance of the growing Wheat? I am in a hurry and shall only\n            add, that as soon as I hear of Mr Pearce\u2019s being settled at Mount Vernon\u2014I shall write\n            more fully on some other matters. I am &ca\n            Go: Washington\n            P.S. Recollecting since writing the fore going, that Mr Whitings Memo. Book was here\n              I have desired Mr Dandridge to take a copy from it of the charges against Butler;\n              which he has done, and it is now enclosed\u2014By this you will\n              settle with him.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0027", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Garret Rapalje, 6 January 1794\nFrom: Rapalje, Garret\nTo: Washington, George\n          The Memorial of Garret Rapalje of the City of New York Merchant\u2014Humbly Sheweth,\n          That your Memorialist, has resided upwards of five Years at New Orleans in West Florida\n            in the Spanish Dominion that he is well acquainted with the Situation Politicks and\n            Commerce of that Country\u2014That the Trade from the Interior Parts of the Continent in the\n            United States down the Misissipi is very great and extensive.\n          That the Inhabitants of the United States suffer much from a Want of a proper Person in\n            the Character of a Consul to represent the Interests of the Traders to the Spanish\n            Government to prevent any Grevances which daily happen from the Want of such a Person to\n            interfere in their Behalf.\n          That your Memorialist is well known to Mr Elias Boudinot of the House of Representaives\n            in Congress from the State of New Jersey.\n          That your Memorialist hopes your Excellency will consider the Necessity of such an\n            appointment\u2014that he has a numerous Family to support that he has been a great Sufferer\n            during the lat[e] War between America and Great Britain that it is the best Service he\n            can render himself and his Country\u2014that a small Salary to enable him to maintain his\n            Family with his Knowledge and experience in Trade and Commerce will make the Situation\n            more eligable to him than any other Person.\n          That your memorialist hopes your Excellency will take into Consideration the Prayer of\n            this your Memorialists humble Petition and your memorialist will ever Pray &c.\n            Garret Rapalje", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0028", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Augustin Regnaud, 6 January 1794\nFrom: Regnaud, Augustin\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphie Le 6 janvier 1794\n          Avocat au Parlement de Paris et cy-devant Conseiller au Conseil Superieur du Cap, je\n            suis arriv\u00e9 Sans ressources dans ce Continent: reduit \u00e0 la derniere extremit\u00e9 et\n            creancier de La Republique francoise d\u2019une Somme assez considerable, je me Suis adress\u00e9\n            au Ministre fran\u00e7ois pour lui demander du Secours; ignorant \u00e0 quel titre il en\n            distribue, il a rejett\u00e9 ma petition. Veuillez, G\u00e9n\u00e9ral, agreant mes foibles travaux,\n            disposer de moi, et considerant, quant \u00e0 present, mes besoins, Daignez m\u2019arbitrer \u00e0\n            titre de pr\u00eat, une Somme quelconque, pour Suret\u00e9 de la quelle j\u2019offre de deposer une\n            reconnoissance de 9,000 [livres tournois] jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que des circonstances plus\n            heureuses me mettent \u00e0 m\u00eame de la retirer et de Satisfaire, avec interets, \u00e0 une dette\n            contracte\u00e9 Sous vos auspices. Salut en la prosperit\u00e9 de vos\n            jours et Le bonheur de vos Etats\n            A. Regnaud2e Rue Nord No 227. chez Mr Antony", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0029", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 6 January 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n            No. Carolina Fayetteville 6th Jan: 1794\n          I do myself the honor to enclose to you a copy of the proceedings of the General\n            Assembly respecting our frontiers, in conformity to the request\n            of the legislature expressed in those proceedings I have given orders to Col: D. Vance\n            of Buncomb county to call into service the Scouts or patroles agreable to the\n            instructions contained in the Secretary of Wars letter of the 19th Decem: 1792.\n          I have likewise given the necessary orders for having the militia of the districts of\n            Salisbury and Morgan, divided into four classes, with orders to the first class to hold\n            themselves in readiness to act whenever occasion may require at the same time I have\n            directed the officers to act on the defensive only.\n          The Indians have committed depredations on the property of the Citize\u27e8ns\u27e9 of this State\n            by stealing their horses, but they have not as yet killed any person within our limits.\n            By accts lately received from thence it appears that they have killed three persons just\n            without the line of this state. I have the honor to be", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0030", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 6 January 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n            No. Carolina Fayetteville January 6th 1794\n          Agreeable to the request of the legislature I do myself the honor to transmit to you, a\n            copy of the petition of Thomas Person and others proprietors of lands in the Territory\n            South of the Ohio And a copy of the petition of the Trustees of the University of North\n            Carolina, together with sundry resolutions of the General Assembly on that subject.\n          I have to request that you will be pleased to recommend the subject matter of the said\n            petitions to the early consideration of Congress and to urge them to do speedy and ample\n            justice to the petitioners. I have the honor to be sir Your Most\n            obedt Servant\n            Richd: Dobbs Spaight", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0033", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Washington, 6 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Some time in April last I had the honor of addressing a Letter to you giving a\n            particular account of the situation of Royal Gift, together with Mr\n            Freazer\u2019s account of his covering, which left a balance in your favor, of six hundred\n            & seventy eight Dollars & 64/100, after deducting James Allen\u2019s charge, which\n            was enclos\u2019d in a Bill drawn by Prestman & Calhoun of Charleston upon Wm Bell of\n              Philadelphia. Some weeks thereafter I forwarded a duplicate\n            with the second Bill: as I have not receiv\u2019d an answer to either of those Letters it\n            leaves me in doubt whether both have not miscarried. In the\n            Letters to which I have alluded I inform\u2019d you that Royal Gift had been affected with a\n            stiffness in his joints & a periodical lameness ever since his arrival in this\n            Country which I believed to be the effects of his Journey, & am now sorry to add\n            that his situation at present is not better & am apprehensive that it never will.\n            Upon minute enquiry I have only been informed of two Foals which were produced from\n            forty odd Mares & Jennies which were sent to him the Season before last. Under these\n            circumstances I thought it prudent to lower the Terms of covering, but it did not answer\n            the desired effect, only fifteen or sixteen Mares & Jennies were sent to him, all\n            the property of those Gentlemen who had been disappointed the Season before. The Money has not yet been paid & I now submit to you the propriety\n            of demanding it except for those which shall eventually prove in foal.\n          If you think proper to let Royal-Gift remain in this Country I shall with pleasure take\n            charge of him & consult your interest in the management of him, but am confident\n            that it will be useless to advertise him for covering again in this Country, even at a\n            very reduced price unless a great alteration takes place in his situation. If you think\n            proper to have him sent to Virginia he must be conveyed by Water as I am certain that he\n            cannot travel thither by land. I am Sir with the greatest\n            Respect & Regard Yr Very Obedt Serv.\n            W. Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0034", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 7 January 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 7 Jan. 1794. GW wrote\n            Pearce on 12 Jan. acknowledging receipt of \u201cyours of the 7th Instt.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0035", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 7 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia January 7. 1794.\n          The Secretary of State, after reviewing the letters from our Ministers, unanswered, has\n            the honor to report to the President as follows:\n          Three of those letters are from Messrs Carmichael and Short jointly of June 6th Aug.\n            15th and Sep. 29th in the last year. The first, which is the only important one, pressed\n            for new instructions, adapted to the new relations, which had sprung up between the\n            different powers of Europe, as well as to the unpromising appearance of the negotiation.\n            But as Mr Blake, the messenger to Madrid was to sail by direction in October, so as to\n            be here about the middle of the last month, and the intelligence by him must essentially\n            govern the conduct of our government, it is submitted to the President, whether it may\n            not be better to postpone further, any decisive measures.\n          The same observations, apply to the postponement of an answer to Mr Short\u2019s separate\n            letters of June 7. July 1. and Augt 20. 1793. They relate entirely to his associated\n            mission, except where they convey information, to which no answer was expected.\n          No other letter from Mr Morris is now to be acted upon, but that of June 25. 1793; and\n            no part even of it requires a reply, except the Decree of France, which has been so\n            often made and revoked, and at length comprehends the Ship Laurens of South Carolina.\n            But the dispatches, hourly expected from france, cannot but give the tone to our\n              animadversions.\n          Mr Pinckney\u2019s letters are dated July 8. Augt 1. 15. 27. & 28. and Sept. 25. &\n            27. 1793. That of aug. 15. being in cypher, appears to have been decyphered; but the\n            solution is either mislaid or in the hands of Congress. Nothing can yet be answered,\n            except the receipt of the copper. For the piracy on an American vessel by a french frigate\u2014Philip Wilson\u2019s case\u2014and that of the Marquis la\n            Fayette, will become distinct subjects for the consideration of the President. Congress\n            are occupied with the Severities of the British Government, which constitute the\n            weightier parts of Mr Pinckney\u2019s correspondence; and the infraction of neutral rights,\n            and the contest for the security of our Seamen will doubtless come into view.\n          Altho\u2019 Mr Humphreys\u2019 letters are more numerous being of Aug. 4. 15. & 25. Sep. 1.\n            letters of intelligence principally.\n          As to Mr Dumas, even if he can be called a diplomatic character, his letters of may 1.\n            June 22. July 13, and August 14. are only effusions of the pen. But it appears from a\n            memorandum of Mr Jefferson, that Mr Dumas a considerable time ago suggested the\n            propriety of selling the H\u00f4tel at the Hague, which perhaps cannot be too soon attended\n          It is designed, therefore, at present, to prepare for Mr Pinckney, Mr Morris, Messrs\n            Carmichael and Short, and Mr Short, letters to be laid before the President; acknowledging the receipt of theirs, notifying the change of the officer\n            in the department of State, and containing such other matters as\n            may relate to them particularly, and any intelligence founded upon public documents in\n            the United States.\n            Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0036", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 7 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n            United States January 7. 1794.\n          I lay before you an Official statement of the expenditure to the end of the year 1793,\n            from the sum of Ten thousand dollars, granted to defray the contingent expences of\n            Government, by an Act passed on the 26th of March 1790.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0038", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Harriot Washington, 7 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, Harriot\nTo: Washington, George\n          I hope My dear Uncle will excuse my troubling him so soon again, but as he is the only\n            Freind, on earth that I can apply to, for any thing I am induced to think that my\n            necesity will apologize for me. I have spent the winter in Culpeper with Cousin Carter,\n            in a very retired manner, we have scarcely seen a person since we came up, and as I am\n            just a going to return to Fredericksburg, I shall be thousand time\u2019s oblieged to My dear\n            Uncle, if he will give me as much money as will get me a silk jacket and a pair of shoes\n            to wear to the birth night as that will be the first Ball I shall have been to this\n          Cousin Carter join\u2019s me in love to you and Aunt Washington. I am My dear Uncle Your\n            affectionate Neice\n            Harriot Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0039", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Adams, 8 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Adams, John\n            Wednesday 8th Jany 1794.\n          I would thank you for giving the papers herewith sent a perusal\u2014and for the result of\n          I am now deliberating on the measure proper & necessary to be taken with respect to\n            Mr G\u2014\u2014t and wish for aid in so doing; the critical state of things making me more than\n            usually anxious to decide right in the present case.\n          None but the heads of departments are privy to these papers, which I pray may be\n            returned this evening or in the morning. With very sincere esteem & regard I am\n            always Your obedt & Affect. Servant\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0040", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 8 January 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n          Please to submit, the enclosed letters from Governor Blount, to the President. I am Dear Sir Yours &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0041", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Gautier de la Pecoutiere, 8 January 1794\nFrom: Gautier de la Pecoutiere\nTo: Washington, George\n            Au Grand General Waginton des etats unis du Continant de lamerique\n            Baltimore [Md.] le 8 janvier 1794\n          Le Citoyen Gautier de la pecoutiere habitant de la plainne du Cap fran\u00e7ais, lieutenant\n            des volontaire Destain \u00e0 savanna ayant Recue trois Blessures au dit si\u00e9ge, le General\n            d\u2019estain lui \u00e1 envoy\u00e9 le Ruban et laigle de la \u27e8s\u27e9o\u27e8c\u27e9iation de \u27e8sinsinnatus\u27e9 et son\n            Brevet par ordre du Grand General Waginton pour Recompences davoir Bien servie le\n          Le Citoyen Gautier ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 incendier deux fois pas peu Rien sauver que sa femme qui \u00e1\n            Recue quatres Coups de sabre qui est estropier et prete daccouch\u00e9e; nous sommes \u00e1\n            Baltimore Grand General dans une detresse des plus Grande notre seule Resources est en\n            vous nous vous prions de nous envoyer quelque choses pour les Besoin les plus urgent si\n            vous nav\u00e9s egard a notre situation nous allon perir de Chagrin et de miseres, si javais\n            eu les moyen de passer \u00e0 votre hautel vous faire le tablau de vive voix de Ce qui mest\n            ariv\u00e9e depuis trois ans vous verrier que Cela est digne de compasion.\n          si je peu etre utile Grand General pour les etats unie je vous prie de menployer je\n            suis pret \u00e1 sacrifier mes jours pour votre services, en Cas que le continant serait\n            ataqu\u00e9 j\u2019ai des Connaisence pour etablir des forts ou Baterie.\n          mon epouses et moi nous elevons nos \u27e8y\u27e9eux au Ciel pour la Conservation de vos\n            Salut Gautier de la pecoutiere", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0042", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Citizens of Savannah, Georgia, 8 January 1794\nFrom: Citizens of Savannah, Georgia\nTo: Washington, George\n          The Citizens of Savannah, strongly impressed with the danger and mischeifs, to which\n            the United States have been exposed, by the possibility of their being involved in the\n            War existing between those European Nations, with whom we are most intimately united in\n            Amity, and connected by Commerce; beg leave to take this method of expressing to you,\n            the sincere and cordial sentiments of approbation and applause, with which the measures\n            you have adopted, in this very interesting situation, have inspired them.\n          The Services performed by you for our common Country, on so many, such various, and\n            important occasions, in the exercise of the highest civil and military authority, were\n            such as not to have rendered necessary the public declaration of our sentiments,\n            concerning this last instance of the paternal Zeal, with which you have incessantly\n            watched over the public happiness\u2014But when some of our Citizens have spared us pains to\n            inflame the public mind, and to stimulate individuals to actions contrary to their duty\n            as citizens, and distructive of the most important interests of the United States\u2014And\n            when such individuals have not only been publicly countenanced and encouraged by the\n            French Minister, but that he has dared to distribute Commissions,\n            and instructions for enlisting soldiers in the name of the French Republic, within the\n            Jurisdiction, and without the approbation or knowledge of our Government; We think it right thus publicly to declare, that in our opinion the\n            timely notice given by your proclamation of the Neutrality of the United States\u2014Your\n            instructions for preventing the fitting out of armed vessels in our\n            ports\u2014The sentiments contained in your Speech to Congress, and your letter concerning\n            the conduct of the person employed in America as the Minister of the French Republic,\n            are agreeable to the principles of our excellent Constitution;\n            and wisely calculated to ensure a continuance of Peace\u2014promote the public prosperity\u2014And\n            preserve the Dignity of the American Nation. To the wisdom of these measures, and the\n            good Sense, and manly firmness of the great bulk of the American People, it is owing,\n            that we have not yet experienced the horrid carnage, and devastation of an unnecessary\n            War\u2014And We rejoice that Congress have so cordially expressed their approbation and\n            concurrence in the measures you have adopted for the preservation of Peace to our\n          Accept, Sir, the tender of our gratefull acknowledgements, for your past services, and\n            the sincere profession of that perfect confidence with which such\n            an uniform series of great and good actions have inspired us, with respect to your\n            future conduct.\n          Signed by order of a public meeting of the citizens of Savannah.\n            Nathl: PendletonChairman", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0044", "content": "Title: From George Washington to James Madison, 10 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Madison, James\n          Herewith you will receive Sundry Pamphlets &ca under the patronage of Sir John\n            Sinclair. I send you his letters to me also, that the design may be better\n              understood.\n          From all these, you will be able to decide, whether a plan of enquiry similar to the\n            one set on foot in G. Britn, would be likely to meet legislative or other encouragement,\n            and of what kind, in this Country.\n          These, or any other ideas which may result from the perusal of the papers, I would\n            thank you for, as the letters remain unacknowledged, and the writer of them will expect\n            this if nothing more.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0045", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Henry Knox, 11 January 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Knox, Henry\n          B. Dandridge has the honor by the Presidents order, to send the enclosed Proceedings of\n            the Senate, on the subject of the Treaty with the Wabash & Illinois Indians, to the\n            Secretary of War for his information.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0046", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 11 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia January 11. 1794\n          Mr Jefferson has noted among the papers, which accompany the Algerine communications,\n            that \u201cthere is no fund, out of which the hire of the Swedish vessel can be paid.\u201d  I beg leave therefore to submit, to your consideration, Whether\n            you will order payment of Mr Church\u2019s bill, to the amount of one hundred and fifty\n            pounds sterling, out of the contingent fund in your disposal. I\n            have the honor, sir, to be with the greatest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0047", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 11 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia January 11. 1794.\n          I saw Mr Bourne and Mr Bradford together yesterday. The former is disinclined to the\n            office of district attorney, saying, among many other things by way of objection, that\n            nothing would tempt him to bring down upon him the fire of both parties. They agreed in the superiority of Howell as to talents; but as he never\n            read the law, until he began to practise, I cannot conceive, that he possesses any depth\n            of law-knowledge. In other respects, they did not speak with much ardor in his\n              behalf. Barnes is but moderate in skill, a new-comer, and\n            would be liable to more exception, than his competitor  But they\n            were decided in thinking, that Green was equal in abilities to the office; of fair and\n            amiable character; universally beloved; and that the people would not only take an\n            interest in any thing, which gratified him; but that his appointment would also content\n            the parties. They seemed to me to go, as far as delicacy would permit, in pronouncing,\n            that it would be an advantageous circumstance, if you were to fix on him.\n          Did you hear, sir, the report, which was circulating yesterday, that Mr Genet intended\n            to return to France immediately, and that he had taken a farewell dinner with the\n            democratic society two days ago? The report came to me, without\n            farther authenticity, than that Mr Wadsworth, and Mr Hunter, owner of my lodgings, told\n            me of its general circulation. Indeed Mr Wadsworth added, that his recal had been\n            debated in the national convention, and no result had transpired. I have the honor, sir, to be with sincere & respectful attachment yr mo. ob.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0048", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Stephens Smith, 11 January 1794\nFrom: Smith, William Stephens\nTo: Washington, George\n            To the President of the United States\u2013\n            Philadelphia Jany 11th 1794.\n          When I had the honor of addressing a Letter to The President, last, it was dictated by\n            the necessity I was then under of retiring from public employment\u2014in which I took the\n            liberty of observing, that I should not discover a disposition to return to it, under\n            the then administration.\n          without entering into a detail of the Circumstances which produced that decission, on\n            my part, I shall observe, that the late change in administration, removes all my\n            personal objections to public stations.\n          Considering the present unpleasing situation of my Country relative to European Powers,\n            and the position of some of its internal affairs, and that for myself I have during my\n            attention to private business, acquired a sufficiency to justify me, in offering my\n            service, without injury to my family. I have the pleasure to\n            inform The President, that I am ready to return to public employment, should it be\n            supposed that I am capable of rendering service, either in the present, or expected\n            situation of affairs. In making this communication, I gratify my own feelings on public\n            Subjects, and flatter myself it will be pleasing to The President to learn, that I have\n            no personal accommodation in view on this subject.\n          It may not be improper to remark, that tho\u2019 I am untainted with party Zeal, I am firmly\n            attached to the Constitution and Government of my Country, that it is my lott to stand\n            alone, free from personal commitment, that, in general I am rather attached to measures\n            than under the influence of Individuals\u2014and that I shall always study to carry with me a\n            proper Zeal for my Country\u2019s welfare, directed by that integrity and aided by that small\n            weight of personal Character, which supported by the flattering opinions of my friends,\n            have bouyed me thus far thro\u2019 Life.\n          If with such dispositions and thus situated, I should be considered as capable of\n            rendering service, I shall always consider myself complemented by The Presidents\n              notice. I have the honor to be The Presidents most Oblidged\n            & very Humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0050", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 12 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia Jany 12th 1794\n          Taking it for granted that you have arrived at Mount Vernon, before this, I shall\n            direct this letter to you at that place, & shall mention such things as have\n            occurred to me, proper for your notice & government.\n          From a review of the plan of rotation which has been already communicated to you, it appears (if it can be carried into affect this year) that you\n            will want the following seeds, and at the following farms, &ca viz.\n              Oats bushls\n              Potato bushls\n              Timothy pint\n              Orchd grass pints\n              Mansion house\n              Muddy\u00a0hole\u00a0Farm\n          I have put none of these articles down to the River farm\n            except Buck Wheat, because I do not know what you may find necessary to put into the\n            ground between No. 6 at that place and the lane by the Barn; nor in any of the lots in\n            front the latter; where, possibly, the Clover may be worn out and wanting to be renewed;\n            Consequently if Oats, Potatoes, Clover or other grass seeds are required at this farm\n            they will be in addition to the quantities of each, mentioned on the other side.\n          To explain the uses of the foregoing articles at each place, it is necessary to observe\n            if it has not been done so already, (in some former letters) that the ground at Mansion\n            house (which was in Potatoes last year) I want to sow with Oats (thin) and clover, mixed\n            with Orchard grass or Timothy this year; the size of the inclosure I\n            guess to be about 10 Acres\u2014and it is my wish to plant Potatoes in the other enclosure,\n            (at the same place) which was in Oats last year; provided it shall, upon examination, be\n            found to be too thinly taken with clover, with which it was sown last Spring. The part\n            allotted for Clover at Union farm, has already been marked in the sketch which\n            accompanied my letter of the 23d of December, numbered 1 & 2. The Potatoes (if any are planted there; the propriety of which you may be the judge)\n            may be in the upper Meadow, adjoining to; but above the lane leading from the Mill road\n            to the Barn where Corn grew as part of it wants cultivation to reclaim & fit it for\n            the reception of grass. At Dogue run farm\u2014the 5 acre lot by the New Barn will require about 40 B: of Pots., and the Corn ground in No. 4, every\n            other row with Potatoes, will take as I calculate, about 80 Bushels more (allowing two\n            Potatoes to a hill)\u2014The field No. 4, for these two Crops, is to be prepared, and listed\n            as if for Corn only; four feet a part each way; but, to be planted alternately through\n            the whole of it with each; letting the Rows run No. and South, or as nearly so as the\n            back fence near the Swamp does. No. 3d at this place will receive clover alone, &\n            about eight pints to an Acre; the other Corn ground there will be sown with clover &\n            timothy mixed, at the rate of about five pints each to the Acre, which will take\n            according to my calculation, the quantity before mentioned, that is-\u2013800 lbs. or pints\n            of the first, and 250 pints of the latter. To plant the South west lot of grass at Muddy\n            hole, will require about 40 bushels of Potatoes, there being five acres of it. I have\n            said nothing respecting the disposal of the Oats & Buck Wheat at the different\n            farms, at this time, because it is mentioned in the Plans of rotation. But that I may\n            know how to provide for your want of \u27e8any\u27e9 of these articles, it is necessary for one to\n            be informed, with precision, \u27e8the\u27e9 quantity on hand of each, & without delay.\n          From a Gentleman at Leesburg (Colo. Ball) you are to look for Buck wht; and he has\n            assured me I shall not be disappointed. It is to be sent to Mount Vernon as soon as the\n            roads will permit. On yourself, I hope you may depend nearly, if\n            not altogether, for Oats: It will be hard I think if the \u27e8Stack\u27e9 at Dogue run does not\n            yield 1\u27e85\u27e90 bushels\u2014Stuart, If I recollect rightly, told me he\n            had \u27e8got out\u27e9 30; but what to expect from the M\u27e8a\u27e9nsion house I know not. By the Weekly\n            reports, already come to my hands, there had been 53 days spent in\n            threshing them out \u27e8of\u27e9 the straw; but I shall confess I am not\n            able to form any conclusive ideas of \u27e8illegible\u27e9 from hence, as\n            my people will take a week to do what others would accomplish in a day or two, &\n            Butler had not spirit, or authority enough to effect a change of this conduct. I am anxious therefore to know what quantity has come out of the\n            stack at the Mansion house, and what quantity Stuart has; those at Dog. run can only be\n            guessed at from the size of the Stack, & the ground on which they grew. The quantity\n            of Clover seed, Timothy seed, & Orchard grass seed on hand you can ascertain\n            exactly, and I ought to be informed of it immediately, that the dificiency may be got\n            & sent round by the first vessel, as opportunities of doing it may not present at\n            the moment of sowing. The Meadows at Union farm or that at\n            Dogue run, should be well examined (as mentioned in a former letter) to see whether any,\n            and what quantity of Seed may be required to make good the defects of the last sowing\n            which was done greatly too late in the Season, and if more than I have enumerated is\n            wanting for purposes which may occur to you though it has escaped me, let me know it and\n            it shall be sent. Of Potatoes I presume (if care be taken to overhaul and keep them from\n            injury) there will be a sufficiency as, by the report to me,\n            there were 418\u00bd Bushels put into the Cellar.\n          If, after taking a full view of the several farms\u2014the situation they are thrown into by\n            the insufferable management of my Overseers, and considering the advanced season\n            compared with the plowings necessary for my rotations, & the means to effect it, you\n            should be of opinion that it cannot be adopted this year; suggest, as soon as you are\n            able to make up your mind upon the Subject, some other plan for the present; keeping in\n            mind what my \u27e8intentions\u27e9 are\u2014namely\u2014to pursue the rotat\u27e8ion plan\u27e9 laid down as soon as\n            possible, as my great object is to recover, & preserve my fields in good condition.\n            At any rate howevr the plan for Dogue run farm, must be strictly adhered to this year,\n            although it is accomplished at the expence of the other farms.\n          Although I have called several times on Mr Lewis for the exact quantity of Corn made at\n            the different farms, & how it has been disposed of; yet to this moment, I remain in\n            ignorance, unless the reports, which in some weeks says so much has been measured, in\n            others none, and added altogether make but 576 barrls, forms the sum\n            total, which, surely, cannot be the whole produce of 666 Acres; which (at the different\n            places) I had in Corn last year. If, however, this is all the Overseers mean to account\n            for, I shall, in the first place, have very little doubt of their villainy; because,\n            from the most reasonable Calculation I could make, after the fodder was gathered, and\n            after repeated examinations of the respective fields, I had no doubt of making between\n            one thousand & 1200 barrls at the least; and in the next place, because it will fall\n            far short of my consumption of this article; which, as you will perceive by my\n            calculations already forwarded to you, 1008 Bar\u27e8ls\u27e9 (including what the Mill will\n            receive) is required for my annual supplies. If the case be, as I have here stated it,\n            it will be necessary for you to substitute every article you can by way of help; &\n            to ease me, as much as possible from the purchase of so much Corn. And this may be\n            accomplished, in a degree at least, by the cultivation (at each farm) of Potatoes,\n            Pease, Pumpkins, and such like things in the fields that were intended for Oats &\n            Buckwheat, which will not interfere with the rotation System another year.\n          You will perceive by the articles of agreement entered into with Thomas Green the\n            quantity of Meat he is entitled to: let him have that, and no more. He will draw, if\n            permitted, double that quantity, & when you come to settle with him either deny\n            having ordered it, or dispute the price. and, as from appearances, I shall be obliged to\n            buy Corn myself, let none of the Overseers have more of this article than they are\n            entitled to by their agreements.\n          As you have not your family with you, and will now eat my provisions, let there be as\n            much Cooked every day as will serve the Gardeners &ca, after you have done with it,\n            as the case used to be when I was at home.\n          Let there be a piece of ground prepared in what is called the Vineyard Inclosure for\n            about 40 lbs. of French furse seed (for hedging) which I shall send you by the first\n            vessel from this place to Alexandria\u2014And I would have the\n            thorn berries, Cedar berries, honey locust seed and such other things as may be intended\n            for hedges raised first in nurseries, that, when transplanted they may receive due\n            \u27e8culti\u27e9vation. As the case has been, they are sowed, or planted along the ditches and\n            for want of attention afterwards are smothered & entirely destroyed by the Weeds. Do\n              not neglect planting cuttings of the Willow & Lombardy poplars\n            however, along these ditches, at such times as the Gardener may think best; especially\n            on the ditches across the Mill swamp\u2014But let the ground be well prepared by the Spade,\n            or hoe, before the cuttings are put in. In a word, let whatever you do, be well done.\n            Much labour & much time is saved by this means. both of which has been lost in the\n            manner this business has been conducted: that is by putting in the plants, the cuttings\n            or the Seeds and thinking no more of them afterwards.\n          I would recommend it to you to read my letters & instructions over often, that you\n            may understand & have them impressed upon your mind. I give this advice because I\n            expect to have them complied with, or reasons assigned for not doing it; and here, as in\n            your agreement, I leave you at full liberty at all times, to propose plans of your\n            own\u27e8,\u27e9 or alterations in mine, which in your own judgment, on a nearer view of matters\n            before you than I have, you may think is for the best; for you will in all things find\n            me open to conviction.\n          The Advertisements herewi\u27e8th\u27e9 enclosed, I found necessary some years ago to set up. It\n            may be so still, and for that reason I send the remaining of what I happened to have by\n            me, that they may be used, or not, as occasion shall require.\n          Since I began this letter, yours of the 7th Instt and Mr Lewis\u2019s of the 6th enclosing\n            the Weekly reports have been recd.\n          The man who supplies Butlers place ought to be stout, active & spirited, yet cool\n            & steady; for I expect there will be some difficulty to encounter before my people\n            can be brought into good habits, & a regular discharge of their duty; so long is it\n            since they have been under any controul in my absence.\n          With respect to the Seins, I wd have you, immediately upon the receipt of this letter,\n            send for the man who usually does this work for me, to see if he will, at the accustomed\n            prices, agree positively, to nett them in time. If so, let him chuse his twine (if it is\n            to be had in Alexandria) & set about them immediately. If he will not do this, or if\n            the twine (of good quality) is not to be had there, let me know it, that I may see in\n            time what can be done here, in this matter. When he is at Mount Vernon let him examine\n            the Seins thoroughly, and see how far they are capable of\n            repairs\u2014parts of them to the best of my recollection were new last Spring, if so there\n            must have been abominable mismanagement of them to be unfit for use now\u2014but this indeed\n            I do not wonder at\u2014for less care of things I believe was never used on any estate, than\n            has been on mine of late years.\n          I beg your particular attention to the Porke, and making it into Bacon; as, ever since\n            I left home \u27e8much\u27e9\u27e8illegible\u27e9 has been sustained in it; some\n            \u27e8sayg\u27e9 because it was not sufficiently salted; and others because fires instead of smoak\n            was made under the Bacon. Send me a list of the numbers & weight \u27e8of your Hogs from\u27e9\n            each farm, \u27e8&\u27e9 from the list\u27e8, how many\u27e9 have been disposed off.\n          Having Wheat to \u27e8gather at\u27e9 this time (by horses) is among \u27e8illegible\u27e9serable conduct of my Overseers \u27e8espe\u27e9cially as the horses were not\n            \u27e8employed\u27e9 in plowing as I had ordered. When you look into these things you may be able\n            to discover the causes\u2014At this distance I am unable to do it upon any ground that does\n            not merit punishm\u27e8en\u27e9t.\n          Let me know what remains to be done to the New Barn & sheds at Dogue run. The\n            conduct of that Rascal Green is beyond all forbearance, and it is my repeated request,\n            that if he does not proceed in such a manner as to give you satisfaction, that he may be\n            discarded without hesitation or ceremony. I wish you to\n            examine the flax that was \u27e8made\u27e9 at Dogue run; knowing when it was put out to rot, &\n            comparing it with the time it was taken up, I should conceive that it is entirely\n            ruined; if so, I will make McKoy pay for it; because I not only charged him myself to\n            wat\u27e8ch\u27e9 it, but wrote about it once or twice after I \u27e8left home\u27e9 to see that it did not\n            re\u27e8main\u27e9 out too long.\n          The house in Alexandria must be repaired, & in order for Mrs Washington to go into\n            in April, as I have promised this. When it is got in order, & made perfectly clean,\n            I shall send paper from hence for the rooms.\n          Charlotte at the Mansion house has been reported sick for several weeks\u2014Mrs Washington\n            desires you will examine her case, and if it appears necessary to request Doctor Craik\n            to attend, & prescribe for her. A fellow Sam also, who\n            under prete\u27e8nse\u27e9 (for I believe this is the greatest part of his complaint) of an\n            Asthmatical complaint never could be got to work more than half his time, has not done a\n            days work since I left Mount Vernon in October. examine his case also,\n            but not by the Doctor, for he has had Doctors enough already, of all colours &\n            sexes, and to no effect. Laziness Is I believe his principal ailment.\n          I am in hope & expectation that after you have had time to examine & pry well\n            into matters you will be able to give me your opinion fully upon the state of things. In\n            the meanwhile let me know how the Wheat, which was too thin in the beginning, stands\n            these open frosts; & see that there \u27e8are\u27e9\u27e8illegible\u27e9 furrows\n            to prevent injury from \u27e8illegible\u27e9 standing on it. I am Your friend & Servant\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0051", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Juris Peritus, 13 January 1794\nFrom: Juris Peritus (pseudonym)\nTo: Washington, George\n          The promotion of Mr Randolph to the office of Secretary of State having left his place\n            vacant, the public mind is considerably interested in conjecturing who will be his\n              successor\u2014Aware of your zeal for the public welfare &\n            persuaded that you regard your power of nominating to office as a trust for the benefit\n            of the people; the universal sentiment is, that in order to fix on the most suitable\n            character for any office, in the genl govt it is only requisite that such a character\n            should be presented to your view.\n          Under these impressions a citizen who cannot communicate his sentiments to you\n            personally, avails himself of the present mode of introducing to your attention a\n            character which in every point of view, is consider\u2019d as the most\n            suitable one for the place to be filled; of perhaps any within the United States.\n          The qualifications of an Attorney General of the U.S. it is presumed, should in\n            substance be the following.\n          1.\u2003Eminence as a counsellor at law\n          2.\u2003A fair moral character\n          3.\u2003That he should possess the entire confidence of the people\n            of the State from which he is taken\n          4.\u2003That he should be a known friend to the Genl Governt\n          5.\u2003To the knowlege of the principles & practice of the\n            law he should add, a general acquaintance with science in other words, he should be a\n          6.\u2003That his manners should be agreeable to you personally\u2014in\n            other words he should be a gentleman\n          These are qualities not commonly united in one man but if the general Sentiment of Pennsylvania be right, they all meet in that of William Bradford. Introduced into\n            public life under the enlighten\u2019d administration of the late Governor Reed, & at the\n            early age of 27. appointed Attorney General of Pennsylva. he has continued in that place\n            until his late promotion to the office of Judge of the Supreme Court, (a period of above\n            14 years,) with distinguish\u2019d honor to himself & advantage to the State\u2014At the Bar\n            he was ev\u27e8er\u27e9 consider\u2019d as one of its brightest ornaments, & on the Bench he is\n            considerd as inferior to neither of his Bretheren\u2014His political sentiments are known to\n            be decisively favourable to the Governt of the U. States\u2014while no one\n            stands higher in the opinion of the people of this State His late publication on the\n            subject of the penal Code of Pennsylvania, proves his talents in Composition, & his\n            humane dispositon\u2014a publication which seems to have arrested the attention of the\n            legislatures of the different States & promises to produce the happiest effects.\n          In private life no character can be fairer\u2014his benevolency is\n            diffusive & his charities unremitting.\n          His delicacy would revolt at the present measure, had he any intimation of it\u2014but\n            though it is foreign from his nature to request in the most indirect way, the place now\n            contemplated, yet were it offerd him, it would not probably meet\n          Mr Bradford from his abilities & charater, cannot but prove an acquisition to any\n            governt in whose service he may be engaged\u2014& his nomination to the post of Attorney\n          U. States would add to the many civic honors you have already acquired in calling forth\n            modest merit & in filling the first stations under the Genl Governt with men of\n            talents & integrity.\n          This State also, has perhaps a claim to this place\u2014for altho one of the 3. first, her\n            citizens have not shared more of the first offices of the Genl Governt than some of the\n            smallest of the United States. With the sincerest wishes for\n            your personal welfare, that of the governt over which you preside with so much glory\u2014I\n            remain Sir Yours most humbly.\n            Juris peritus", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0055", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 14 January 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 14 Jan. 1794. In a letter\n            to Pearce of 19 Jan., GW acknowledged receipt of \u201cYour letter of the 14th instt.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0056", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Taylor, 14 January 1794\nFrom: Taylor, John\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia, c.14 January 1794]\n          IN the spirit of truth, and not of adulation, does the following performance solicit\n            your attention. Nor is its hope of acquiring some share of your countenance diminished,\n            by the circumstance of your not having in an official character withheld your signature,\n            from several of the measures investigated.\n          A responsibility in the chief magistrate, for the effects of every legislative act\u2014an\n            avowal, that unforeseen consequences, however mischievous, ought to be submitted to, for\n            the sake of consistency in error\u2014that experiment in search of truth, is to be rejected;\n            are positions to which a liberal and enlightened mind will never accede.\n          Your general assent to laws ought to be ascribed to republican principles, and not to\n            an indiscriminate approbation of their contents. To yourself therefore, as well as to\n            every other citizen, remains intire the invaluable birth-right of freedom in the\n            reexamination of public measures. For surely the right and duties of a citizen cannot be\n            absorbed by official functions.\n          Whilst, under the influence of republicanism, you have cautiously checked the will of\n            the people, you have also reserved your negative power, to be exerted on great and\n            momentous occasions, for the preservation of their rights. Such an occasion occured in a\n              direct attempt upon the principles of representation, the defeat of which sufficiently evinces, that you cannot approve of the\n              indirect means by which these principles have been so much more\n            deeply wounded, than that attempt contemplated. Can it then be delusion to cherish a\n            hope, that assaults directed against the vital organ of popular government, are destined\n            to be defeated by the same laudable vigilance?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0058", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Frederick William II of Prussia, 15 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Frederick William II (of Prussia)\n            Philadelphia Jany 15th 1794.\n          However unusual it may be for your Majesty to receive an address from a person, who, at\n            the very moment of making it, disclaims the exercise of any public function, and acts as\n            a private individual; yet it is believed from your illustrious character, that the\n            Motives, which lead me to the Measure, will serve as an ample apology.\n          I cannot longer resist the impulse of friendship, to lay before you, who know so well,\n            how to appreciate its force, my personal and affectionate anxiety for\n            the welfare of M. de la Fayette. Report informs us, that he is under confinement in the\n            dominions of Prussia, and therefore at your disposal.\n          At an early period of his life\u2014at a season, and on an occasion, far remote from the\n            time and causes, which have subjected him to his present condition, he pursued his\n            military career, with so much benefit to my country, and honor to himself, that he\n            acquired a most endearing place in my affections. A sincere\n            attachment then commenced was strengthened by an intercourse which continued after the\n            return of peace had seperated us until more active and interesting scenes served to\n            interrupt it. Upon the events, which succeeded, I shall be silent; only entreating your\n            Majesty to be persuaded, that as I seperate myself, in this letter, from my official\n            station, to render a tribute to your liberality; so I beg to be understood as intending\n            to observe that delicacy, which becomes every man, whose country has, with perfect\n            sincerity, cherished peace and impartiality towards the whole world.\n          Permit me then to ask and obtain from your Majesty, a favor, in which the most lively\n            sensibility of my fellow-citizens is engaged\u2014the release of M. de la Fayette on his\n            parole\u2014If his word should not be deemed a sufficient pledge, I shall regret, that your\n            Majesty does not entertain the same conviction of fidility, as a full experience has\n            impressed upon myself. But I can never be persuaded of the possibility of his departing\n            from that innocence of conduct, which is always to be expected from a prisoner of\n          This request, unsolicited by, and unknown to him asks the patronage of your Majesty\u2019s\n            sensibility; and is dictated by a confi dence, that he could not be in the power of any\n            sovereign, who would more delight in indulging a friendship, which cannot acquit itself,\n            without thus endeavouring to deliver him, under your benevolent auspices. I pray God to preserve your Majesty in his holy keeping\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0061", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 15 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n            United States 15. January 1794.\n          I lay before you, as being connected with the correspondence, already in your\n            possession, between the Secretary of State and the Minister plenipotentiary of the\n            French Republic, the copy of a Letter from that Minister of the 25th of December 1793;\n            and a copy of the proceedings of the Legislature of the State of South Carolina.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0062", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Berrien, 16 January 1794\nFrom: Berrien, John\nTo: Washington, George\n          By the unfortunate death of Major Forsyth, the Office of Federal Marshall of this State\n            has become vacant\u2014I beg leave to offer myself a Candidate for that appointment. I am Sir, with profound veneration & respect Your Most Obt\n            huml. Servant\n            John Berrien", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0063", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, 16 January 1794\nFrom: Commissioners of the Sinking Fund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Resolution of the Trustees of the Sinking Fund\n          At a Meeting of the Vice President & President of the Senate, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury Philadelphia Jan: 16. 1794.\n          Resolved, That the two last dividends of Interest on the several species of Stock\n            standing on the books of the Treasury to the credit of the Trustees of the Sinking fund,\n            and of Saml Meredith in trust for the United States, be applied to the purchase of the\n            public debt within the limits of the last resolution of the board, and according to the\n            Act in that behalf That Samuel Meredith, Treasurer, be the Agent, and Philadelphia the\n            place of purchase. Signed in behalf of the board\n            John Adams.Go. Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0065", "content": "Title: GW\u2019s Note Concerning the Recall of Edmond Genet, 16 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n          Whilst the measure, which gave a rise to these papers, was under consideration\u2014advice\n            was recd from our Minister at Paris, that Mr Genet wd be immediately recalled which\n            arrested the business in this stage of it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0066", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 17 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia January 17. 1794.\n          Since I had the honor of seeing you this morning, I met with Colo. Nicholas Lutz, of\n            the town of Reading. He has requested me to inform you, that he shall be obliged to you\n            to nominate him to be the inspector of the excise for that district. His son stands\n            recommended to you; but he wishes to take his place. Mr Lutz says, that he is known to\n            you, and is a member of the legislature of Pennsylvania, and\n            that Mr Forrest and Mr Nichols do not live in the district. I\n            have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect yr. mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0067", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 19 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia 19th Jany 1794\n          Your letter of the 14th instt came to my hands to day, when the Post ought to have been\n            in yesterday.\n          Having been very full in my late letters to you, I shall have less to say in this\u2014The\n            condition you describe my stock to be in at Union farm, and at Dogue run, & want of\n            shelter for them at those places, is a fresh instance of the misconduct of Crow &\n            McKoy; and of the neccessity of watching their ways well. As you have taken Butler\n            again, you must make the most you can of him. The man means\n            well, but he wants activity & Spirit to fit him for the Overlooker of Negroes. You\n            will find him useful though in raising hedges, &ca\u2014& particularly so in\n            cultivating the French furze. It was he that induced me to send for the seed of it, wch\n            will be sent to you by the first Vessel to Alexandria\u2014about 40 lbs. of it.\n          Let the most that can, be made of the pint of Oats which the Gardener raised last year,\n            and of the Hemp seed; but more especially of the St foin seed which I desired him to be\n            particularly choice of; as I wish much to get into a stock of it. The latter must not be\n            sown where Hares can get to it, or they will cut it down as fast as it springs.\n          When McKoy is getting out the Oats at Dogue run, have a strict eye to him. He told me\n            he expected 150 Bushls from the stack, & if all the Oats which grew in what was\n            called the New ground, went into it, there ought to be 200 at least\u2014but what by waste,\n            mismanagement, or something worse, I have, of late, got very little from any of my\n            Overseers; what becomes of it is more difficult to determine.\n          If you should have another freezing spell, do not by any means omit to fill the Ice\n            house with Ice, as the advantage of it for keeping fresh meat &ca is indiscribable;\n            but before you begin to put a weight on the floor let both it & the Joice (or\n            Sleepers) be well examined, lest, by being rotten they may give way & destroy those who may be below pounding the Ice as it is thrown in. If the floor\n            is found unsafe take it away altogether\u2014I do not know but that the Ice will keep as well\n            without, as with it.\n          If on account of the springiness of the ground you cannot proceed in digging the Mill\n            race, which is a thing to be regretted, you might employ the Ditchers on the fence from\n            the Millers, leading upwards, for the purpose of securing the meadow lots if nothing more pressing calls for their labour.\n            Opening the Visto is not a work of neccessity; & it never was intended to be\n            extended beyond Muddy hole swamp; to which I think it ought to have got before this\n          You may keep Isaac and the boy Joe, constantly employed about the Carts, Plows, Harrows\n            &ca until they are in order. Let stuff, however, be always\n            in the Barn that the other Carpenters may work upon, when the weather will not permit\n            them to be out. What are Mrs Fanny Washington\u2019s Carpenters employed about, that they\n            should (altho\u2019 hired by me) be withdrawn from mine so long. All I know they had to do,\n            was, out of the materials of an old Tobacco house, to make a shed for her plow\n            horses\u2014Ask Tayler what more than this they have done, and by whose authority?\n          The Midlings and ship stuff may be sold whenever you find the market good; & the\n            money applied to such uses as are proper. If twine (for the Seins) is to be had in\n            Alexandria, it will be better to get it there than to depend upon having it sent from\n              thence. And you have my full consent to give the Cattle as\n            much Salt as you judge necessary, preventing waste.\n          I perceive by the Report from River farm that Stuart is plowing in No. 7 (a field that\n            was in Wheat last year, & by the rotation which I have transmitted to you, was\n            intended to remain in pasture this year)\u2014What is the meaning of this? No. 1 by the copy\n            I have by me is intended for Buck Wheat as a manure, and No. 3 for Corn, but I do not\n            recollect that any direction has ever been given for plowing No. 7. If the case be otherwise I have forgot it; and the design must be for\n            Oats & Buck wheat for Crops; & of course, if accomplished, will require 120\n            bushls of the first, and 60 of the latter more than I had calculated to seed the field;\n            the contents being 120 acres. Let me know how this matter really stands. How much of the field is already plowed. and whether you will be able\n            to prepare the residue of it; and at the sametime execute your other plowing well, &\n            in season, with your present force of horses, aided by Oxen; which, in\n            the Eastern states is almost the only teams they plow with. I am your friend\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0069", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 20 January 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          I have the honor to send herewith a letter to me from the Commissioner of the Revenues\n            of the 17 of August 1793; relating to the then state of execution of the laws laying a\n            duty on spirits distilled within the United States, and on Stills, which was directed\n            with the ultimate view of laying before you the information which it contains.\n          You will perceive that upon the whole the execution of the law has been progressive,\n            though the obstacles to it are yet far from being entirely vanquished, and that\n            supplementary provisions by the Legislature are necessary.\n          I beg leave to submit to your consideration the expediency of calling the attention of\n            the Legislature to the subject by a message. With perfect\n            respect and the truest attachment, I have the honor to be &c.\n            Alexr Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0070", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 20 January 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n            War department January 20. 1794.\n          Please to submit to the President of the United States the enclosed letters from James\n            Seagrove, Major Gaither and Constant Freeman, all of which have just been received. I am Dear Sir Your obedt Servant\n            H. Knox secy of war", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0071", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates of the New-York Line, 20 January 1794\nFrom: Non-Commissioned Officers Privates of the New-York Line\nTo: Washington, George\n          THE non-commissioned officers and privates of the New-York line, in the late American\n            army, beg leave most respectfully to address you, and to present to you the services we\n            rendered to our country during the late glorious struggle with the armies of the King of\n            Great-Britain, and the mode in which we have been paid.\n          That at the conclusion of the war we retired to private life, with assurances of\n            compensation for our hard but approved of services.\n          That for reasons unknown to us, we were paid (not in specie) agreeably to contract, but\n            in certificates, which we were compelled through extreme distress and poverty, to sell\n            for two \u27e8and\u27e9 sixpence for every twenty shillings, after g\u27e8e\u27e9tting to our respective\n            homes or to such places a\u27e8s coul\u27e9d be found as an asylum from fatigue, and which were\n            after some time funded and paid to holders at the rate of sixteen shillings in the\n          That there at present remains a ballance of four shillings for every twenty shillings\n            due to us in the hands of government, which we conceive ought in honor of the country,\n            to be paid to those who earn\u2019t it, or to their representatives, and which can be done\n            without interfering with any system heretofore established.\n          That in the last and former sessions of Congress, we were well pleased to hear that Mr.\n            James Madison, with several other of the members of the House of Representatives of the\n            United States, stept forward in our defence and proposed a mode of payment of the\n            certificates so issued, in our favor; but to our unhappy situations add the failure of\n            their good intentions.\n          That a recital of our past services so well known to you, Sir, we conceive to be\n            useless, but beg leave to say that for want of the ballance due, justly due us from our\n            country, we are obliged to seek relief from the cold hand of charity, even from those\n            who enjoy affluence through our earnings and the destruction of our families.\n          We therefore relying on your wisdom, humbly implore your assistance and influence at\n            the present session of Congress, to obtain for us the ballance due on the said\n            certificates.\n          And subscribe as well for ourse\u27e8l\u27e9ves as in behalf of the said line. Your most obedient\n            humble servants. To be presented by Serjeant John Clark, on behalf of the said line.\n            JOHN CLARK, late Serjt. 2d New-York Regt.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0072", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 20 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Monday afternoon. [20 Jan. 1794]\n          E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that the message of to-day,\n            appears to have given general satisfaction. Mr M-d\u2014\u2014n in particular thinks, that it will\n            have a good effect. He asked me, whether an extract could not have been given from Mr\n            Morris\u2019s letter; and upon my answering, that there were some things interwoven with the\n            main subject, which ought not to be promulged, he admitted, that the discretion of the\n            President was always to be the guide.\n          I have received a letter from Galbaud; insisting that he should be brought to trial\n            upon the accusation of Genet, that he was concerned in a conspiracy in the U.S. The\n            mail, which brought his letter, brought a paper, in which it was published.\n          I am told, that a message is to be sent to the President, for a letter, which has been\n            omitted from the correspondence between Mr Genet and Mr Jefferson.\n          Hauterive, the french Consul, at N. York, has written to Mr Jefferson, to know, whether\n            it was with his permission, that Bache\u2019s paper assigned the cause of his resignation to\n            be, that he was compelled to sign dispatches, which he disapproved: and particularly to\n            ask, whether a particular letter, which related to himself, was among the number of\n            things, disapproved by him.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0074", "content": "Title: From George Washington to David Stuart, 20 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Stuart, David\n            Philadelphia 20th Jany 1794\n          Your letter of the 6th instant came duly to hand. As you\n            appear to have taken a final determination, I can say nothing more on the subject of its\n            disclosure than that it would have been pleasing to me if it had been convenient to\n            yourselves, that those who began shd have compleated the work; and not to have left the\n            harvest to your labours to be reaped by others.\n          As you are better acquainted than I am with characters in the vicinity of the federal\n            City, and with those not so remote as to make an attendance therein inconvenient: Know\n            also the connections of individuals in point of interest with the same, & how far\n            those connections ought to disqualify them for Commissioners, I would thank you for the\n            names, of such as in your judgment are most likely to subserve the public purposes.\n            Wishing as I do to make a good choice of successors, every aid I can derive towards the\n            accomplishment of it would be gratefully received.\n          Well qualified men might perhaps be had in George Town, or among the Proprietors; but how far their local, & perhaps jarring interests and views\n            might render them unfit for the trust, being questionable, your opinion thereon would be\n            agreeable to Dear Sir Your Obedt & Affecte Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0075", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the United States House of Representatives, 20 January 1794\nFrom: United States House of Representatives\nTo: Washington, George\n            In the House of Representatives of the United States.\n            Monday the 20th of January 1794\n          Resolved, that the President be requested to direct the Secretary of State, to examine\n            whether, among the papers relative to Great Britain, by him laid before the house, a\n            letter from Mr Jefferson to Mr Hammond, of the 5th of Decr 1791. has not been omitted,\n            and if so, to cause the same, or so much thereof as he shall think proper, to be laid\n            before the House:\n          Ordered, that Mr Cadwalader & Mr Holten, be a Committee to wait on the President,\n            with the foregoing resolution.\n            Extract from the JournalWilliam Lambert for John\n              Beckley, Clerk.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0076", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 20 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n            United States January 20th 1794.\n          Having already laid before you a Letter of the 16th of August 1793, from the Secretary\n            of State to our Minister at Paris; stating the conduct and urging the recal, of the\n            Minister plenipotentiary of the Republic of France; I now\n            communicate to you, that his conduct has been unequivocally disapproved; and that the\n            strongest assurances have been given, that his recal should be expedited without\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0077", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Josef Yznardi, Sr., 20 January 1794\nFrom: Yznardi, Josef Sr.\nTo: Washington, George\n            Very Honorable and respectable Sir, of my particular esteem:\n            Rota [Spain] 20th January 1794.\n          Having present to my mind the obligations that a Father contracts when favors are\n            bestowed on his Children, because the latter ought to be imitators of their originals in\n            good actions, I cannot do less than make known my acknowledgements for the multiplied\n            favors which Joseph Yznardy Joven (who is my Son) has received from Your Excellency, and\n            more especially, for the very great one of having given him the appointment of Consul of\n            your Republic in the Port of Cadiz and its dependencies. That he may not forfeit the\n            good opinion that he has deserved from the Senate and Congress, I shall give him on my\n            part all the necessary assistance in this respect; as in effect,\n            I shall relinquish the conveniences of my House; and the satisfaction that my fortune\n            and family afford me, for two years, to place myself at his side, and with serious\n            reflections, and my advice direct his conduct and proceedings in the discharge of his\n            Duty. His Youth may be the cause of some emulation in him;\n            besides it will be a great satisfaction to me to direct his conduct. Your Excellency\n            will deign to believe that the advice and necessary aid requisite for the protection of\n            the Commerce of those States shall not be wanting as long as my said Son shall continue\n            in the Office, to whom I pray, Your Excellency, to continue your favor and Protection,\n            assuring you that my actions will correspond with my offers. I have the honor of\n            tendering my services to Your Excellency with all respect, praying God to lengthen your\n            important Life for many years. Most Excellent Sir I Kiss Your Excellency\u2019s hands, Your\n            humble Servant\n            Joseph Yznardi", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0079", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Hawkins, 21 January 1794\nFrom: Hawkins, Benjamin\nTo: Washington, George\n            Senate Chamber 21st Jany 1794\n          The gentleman who wrote the inclosed I have long known his character is\n            unexceptionable, he is a brother of the late Colo. Richd Henderson, who purchased\n            Kentuckey, one of the Royal Judges of North Carolina: He resides in the interior part of\n            the State and is a native of it.\n          I have no other intimation of the intention of Mr Thomas than this from Mr\n              Henderson. With the most respectful attacmnent I have the\n            honor to be sir, yr most obedient servt\n            Benjamin Hawkins", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0080", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 21 January 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War department January 21st 1794\n          I have the honor to submit to you a draft of a letter to the Governor of North Carolina\n            in answer to his of the 8. instant.\n          I also submit to you the propriety of my transmitting by your order to both houses of\n            Congress such parts of Mr Seagrove\u2019s letter as may be necessary to give a complete idea\n            of the result of his mission, but not to communicate any of the corrosive parts relative\n            to Georgia or individuals, or the Spanish Treaty with the Southern Indians. I have the honor to be with the highest respect Your obedient", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0081", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 21 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          The Secretary of State has the honor of informing the President, that he has caused two\n            copies to be made of the laws of the North Western territory, and now incloses them. It was long doubted, whether it was the duty of the Executive to\n            lay them before congress. But upon a closer examination of the ordinance, the propriety\n            of the step flows from the right, reserved to congress, to disapprove these laws. For how are congress to get official possession of them, but by an\n            official communication from the executive files, among which they are lodged? The form\n            of a message is not sent; because it is apprehended, that the President may choose to connect these laws with some other information, and one\n            message may cover both.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0082", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 21 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n            United States January 21st 1794.\n          It is with satisfaction I announce to you, that the alterations which have been made by\n            law in the original plan for raising a duty on spirits distilled within the United\n            States, and on Stills, cooperating with better information, have had a considerable\n            influence in obviating the difficulties, which have embarrassed that branch of the\n            public revenue. But the obstacles, which have been experienced, though lessened, are not\n            yet entirely surmounted; and it would seem that some further legislative provisions, may\n            usefully be superadded; which leads me to recall the attention of Congress to the\n            subject. Among the matters, which may demand regulation, is the effect, in point of\n            organization, produced by the separation of Kentuckey from the State of Virginia; and\n            the situation, with regard to the law, of the Territories North west and South west of\n          The laws respecting Lighthouse establishments require as a condition of their permanent\n            maintenance, at the expence of the United States, a complete cession of soil and\n            jurisdiction. The cessions of different States having been qualified with a reservation\n            of the right of serving legal process within the ceded jurisdiction, are understood to\n            be inconclusive, as annexing a qualification not consonant with the terms of the law. I\n            present this circumstance to the view of Congress, that they may judge whether any\n            alteration ought to be made.\n          As it appears to be conformable with the intention of the \u201cordinance For the Government\n            of the territory of the United States, northwest of the river ohio,\u201d although it is not\n            expressly directed, that the laws of that territory should be laid before Congress, I\n            now transmit to you a copy of such, as have been passed from July to December 1792,\n            inclusive; being the last which have been received by the Secretary of State.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0083", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 22 January 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 22 Jan. 1794. GW wrote\n            Pearce on 26 Jan. that his \u201cletter of the 22d and the Reports, came duly to hand.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0085", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 22 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          E. Randolph has the honor of inclosing to the President a copy of the abstract from Mr\n            Short\u2019s letter.\n          Mr Strong, of the Senate, called upon E.R. about half an hour\n            ago, and desired me to mention in his name to the President, that Mr Bradford would be\n            extremely acceptable to many persons, as the Atty General.\n          There is a load of English papers, down to the middle of October, just come to hand;\n            but without a letter. If the President wishes to see them, they shall be sent to", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0086", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Thompson, 22 January 1794\nFrom: Thompson, William\nTo: Washington, George\n            District of Georgia, Savannah, 22nd Jany 1794.\n          The unfortunate Death and melancholy fate of Major Forsyth which have doubtless reached\n            you ere this, embolden me to venture in the present application,\n            I have acted in the capicity of Deputy Marshal for these last eighteen months, and was\n            continued as such by the late Marshal\u2019s Commission to me directed, a\n            Copy of which I take the liberty of enclosing under Notary seal.\n          The necessity of filling up the vacancy appearing obvious, I am induced from the\n            Vouchers I forward, to address my self to the President\u2019s notice for that appointment,\n            and must with diffidence and submission suggest that probably the Title of an old\n            Continental Officer of the ninth Pennsylvania Regiment, who served with some reputation\n            from it\u2019s formation in 1776, to it\u2019s dissolution in 1781, as may appear by the\n            certificates of Genls Moyland & Butler to Genl Knox in 1785, (which I have requested\n            Genl Irvin to present you) may have some weight in the present decision, and should you, Sir, from these short truths think me worthy of the\n            appointment in preference to other applications, as partiality is a stranger to your\n            Actions, on the Following principles only I beg leave to ask it; as the merit and worth\n            of Major Forsyth were known to all his friends and acquaintances when alive, that esteem\n            which was then his share must in part be transferred to his family, and as probably they\n            are in distress, I propose & happily submit to allow one half of all the Commissions\n            from Marshals Sales in this district for the term often specified in his last Commission\n          The incompatibility of holding two Offices, will make me resign the appointment of\n            Collector of Hardwicke if chosen to the place of Marshal; I have\n            the Honor to be, most respectfully, Your obedient Servt\n            Wm: Thompson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0087", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 22 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n            United States 22d January 1794.\n          I forward to you extracts from the last advices from our Minister in London; as being connected with communications already made.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0089", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 24 January 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n          Please to submit to the President of the United States, the enclosed letters from Mr\n              Dallas; and the proposed answer thereto to the Governor\u2014The answer is according to the principles adopted. Yours sincerely", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0090", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Isaac Senter, 24 January 1794\nFrom: Senter, Isaac\nTo: Washington, George\n            Newport State of Rhode Island, Jany 24th 1794\n          By the Death of my worthy friend & fellow Citizen, William Channing Esqr. the\n            office of District Attorney for this Department, some time since, became vacant, &\n            as I have been lately informed Still continues so.\n          There have been two gentlemen, I am told, residing in Providence, recommended to fill\n            that vacancy.\n          It is Sir, with great deference that I presume to address you on a Subject of this\n            kind\u2014and were I much more advantageously known to the President, than I can boast of\n            being, it would never be my expectation, or desire, to influence his Judgement in\n            matters of this nature\u2014but only to give that kind of honest information, which perhaps\n            in Some instances may be indulgantly considered as a Duty to my country, as well as to\n            its first magistrate.\n          David Howell Esqr. L.L.D. one of the gentlemen in nomination, by some of the Citizens\n            of Providence, was one of the patriots of this State as early as\n            the year, 1775 & to my Knowledge has unremittingly continued So through the\n            revolution\u2014He adds to the most extensive Erudition, a legal\n            knowledge, Second to no one Among us\u2014He has been formerly a member of the Continental\n            Congress & has Sustained Several important officces in this State\u2014Among which was\n            that of Judge of the Superior Court, at a period when iniquity was established by Law\u2014By\n            his extensive Law Knowledge, firmness & perseverance, he was the greate cause on the\n            bench, of preventing the extensive and ruinous application of the penal Law of this\n            State, which made it a Crime to refuse a tender of paper bills at par, at a time when\n            they could be purchased with gold & silver, of the framers of this law, at Six for one\n            \u2014Had it not been for this & I may add some other able &\n            honest exertions of Dr Howell in the various State offices he has held, the names of\n            Some who are now high in Office, in this Government, would have\n            been Seen, Among those of the other Gentlemen who recommend him to the President to fill\n            the office of District Attorney for this District.\n          May I be permitted to add, that it is my opinion as relative to the two candidates in\n            question, that it would be agreeable to the greate body of freemen of this State, as\n            well to the Generality of the Bar, that Dr Howell, should fill that vancancy. Sir, I have the honor to be your most obedt & devoted Servant\n            Isaac Senter", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0092", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the United States Senate, 24 January 1794\nFrom: United States Senate\nTo: Washington, George\n            Congress of the United States.\n          The Senate resumed the consideration of the motion made the 17th instant, together with\n            the amendment proposed on the 23d respecting the correspondences which have been had between the Minister of the United States, at the republic of France,\n            and said republic:\n          And on motion to agree to the resolution amended as follows:\n          Resolved, that the President of the Ud States be\n            requested to lay before the Senate the correspondences which have been had between the\n            Minister of the United States at the republic of France, and said republic; and between\n            said Minister and the Office of Secretary of State.\n              It passed in the affirmative\n          The yeas and nays being required by one fifth of the Senators present\u2014those who voted\n            in the affirmative are,\n              Mr [Stephen R.] Bradley [Vermont],\n              Mr [James] Jackson [Georgia],\n              \" [John] Brown [Kentucky]\n              \" [John] Langdon [New Hampshire],\n              \" [Aaron] Burr [New York]\n              \" [Alexander] Martin [North Carolina],\n              \" [Pierce] Butler [South Carolina]\n              \" [James] Monroe [Virginia],\n              \" [John] Edwards [Kentucky]\n              \" [Moses] Robinson [Vermont]\n              \" [Albert] Gallatin [Pennsylvania],\n              \" [Benjamin] Hawkins [North Carolina],\n              \" [John] Taylor [Virginia]\n          Those who voted in the negative are\u2014\n              Mr [William] Bradford [Rhode Island],\n              Mr [Samuel] Livermore [New Hampshire]\n              \" [George] Cabot [Massachusetts],\n              \" [Stephen M.] Mitchel[l Connecticut],\n              \" [Oliver] Ellsworth [Connecticut],\n              \" [Robert] Morris [Pennsylvania],\n              \" [Theodore] Foster [Rhode Island],\n              \" [Caleb] Strong [Massachusetts],\n              \" [Frederick] Frelinghuysen [New Jersey],\n              \" [Ralph] Izard [South Carolina],\n              \" [John] Vining [Delaware].\n          Ordered, that the Secretary lay this resolution before the President of the U.\n            Attest Sam. A. Otis\u2014Secretary.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0093", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Gwinn, 25 January 1794\nFrom: Gwinn, John\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from John Gwinn, 25 Jan. 1794. GW wrote Gwinn\n            on 10 March that he \u201cwas favoured with your letter of the 25th of Jany.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0095", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 26\u201330 January 1794\nFrom: Lear, Tobias\nTo: Washington, George\n          Presuming on the wish which you had the goodness to express when I left you last, that\n            you might sometimes hear from me after my arrival in Europe, I have ventured to write\n            you one letter from Glasgow, and now improve the opportunity offered by the Ship\n            Delaware, Capt. Truxon, to write to you again.\n          I was between 3 & 4 weeks in Scotland, during which time I improved every occasion\n            (and many offered) of making myself acquainted with the manufactures\n            and other important objects in that Country. Altho\u2019 my sailing for Scotland was a matter\n            determined upon so short a time before I left America as to prevent my taking so many\n            letters for that part of the Kingdom as I should otherwise have obtained; yet I found\n            civilities and attentions heaped upon me in the most unbounded manner. An unreserved\n            communication respecting the manufactures, commerce & agriculture of Scotland, as\n            far as I had an opportunity of making enquiries, was a circumstance peculiarly\n          On my way from Edinburgh to London, I visited Dryburgh Abbey (about 30 miles from\n            Edinbg) and deliverd to Lord Buchan the letter which you had the goodness to give me for\n            him. Altho\u2019 I had determined to spend but one day at this place; yet I found it\n            impossible to carry that determination into effect; for so pressing were the entreaties\n            of Lord & Lady Buchan that I should prolong my stay there, and such was the\n            undisguised hospitality\u2014and I may say affectionate treatment which I received from them,\n            that at the end of three days I was obliged to say in strong terms that I must pursue my journy. Finding that I could stay no longer at\n            Drybugh Abbey without inconvenience to my business\u2014Lord & Lady Buchan put into my\n            hands letters to some of their best friends in London & earnestly pressed me to make\n            use of them to encrease the number of my useful or agreeable acquaintances in this\n            City\u2014And no resistance on my part could prevent his Lordship from taking me on for the\n            distance of twenty miles in his Carriage to the town of Coldstream, and as little could\n            my entreaties avail to prevent his going with me. As we were to set out at six o\u2019clock\n            in the morning (which at that season is nearly two hours before day light in Scotland)\u2014I\n            concluded that we should take breakfast at the first stage of ten miles; but when I came\n            down at half past five, I was surprized and distressed to find Lady Buchan already up\n            and breakfast provided. I expressed my concern; but in vain: the reply was\u2014we love\n            General Washington so dearly that we wish to conduct towards one who has been long a\n            member of his family and is esteemed by him, as we would towards our own child if we\n            were so happy as to have one.\n          Lady Buchan wrote the enclosed note to Mrs Washington, begging her acceptance of the\n            Earl\u2019s likeness, in pa\u27e8s\u27e9te, taken by the famous Tassie, from whom I received it in\n            London, and have transmitted it herewith.\n          I have ventured, my dear Sir, to give the preceding detail because I felt myself most\n            delightfully impressed in receiving such peculiar marks of kindness, in consequence of\n            the letter which you gave me, as it discovered the veneration and affection with which\n            you are considered in this part of the world. And altho\u2019 I have had an opportunity of\n            seeing & feeling it more peculiarly in this instance than in any others; yet I have\n            every where met with enthusiastic expressions of admiration & affection for your\n            character.\n          Sir John Sinclair had left Scotland for this City before I got to Edinburgh, which is\n            his place & residence in Scotland. I have had the pleasure of seing him here, and\n            put into his hands the letter with which you honored me for him; he has been very\n            particular in his attentions to me, and being possessed of a large fund of useful\n            knowledge and very happy and ready in his communication of it, I expect much benefit\n            from his Acquaintance. He is of one of the first families in Scotland\u2014possesses a very\n            large estate there\u2014is a member of Parliament\u2014President of the national board of\n            Agriculture\u2014and considered by all parties a useful & most valuable member of\n            Society\u2014He is a friend of the present ministry and said to be much in the confidence of\n            Mr Pitt. He is above 35 years of age; but his appearance bespeaks him younger, his dress\n            plain & his manners perfectly easy & free from formality.\n          Mr Young came in town a few days ago, to attend a meeting of the national Society for\n            promoting Agriculture, of which he is Secretary, with a salary of 500\u00a3 per year. He soon\n            found me out, and I have been much with him since. He is a man whose appearance does not\n            charge him with being more than 45 years old, which is less than his real age some 7 or\n            8 years, as I am informed; he is about 5 feet 10 inches\n            high\u2014rather thin\u2014an interesting countenance, aquiline nose & good eye; his\n            conversation is animated and he handles his subject with dexterity; but many who know\n            him well consider him rather as a theorist on the subject of farming\u2014and even say that\n            he never made half the experiments of which he has published the result\u2014and his own farm\n            is said to be one of the most slovenly in the part of the Country where he lives: It is\n            however acknowledged by All, that he has done very great good to the cause of\n            agriculture, by his writings and perseverence. In his political\n            opinions it is said there has been a change since the commencement of\n            the war with France\u2014and some are so ill-natured as to impute it to the 500\u00a3 which he\n            receives as Secy to the Board of Agriculture\u2014Certain it is that he is now as high a\n            monarchist as any in Britain.\n          I have given this personal description of those persons with whom you are in the habits\n            of correspondence; because I know one feels desireous of knowing something more of\n            persons with whom they converse by letter, but have never seen, than what they can\n            collect from a general account.\n          Of the Earl of Buchan I should say something also. His Lordship is about the middle\n            size, rather thin\u2014his manner & conversation full of vivacity, the portrait which\n            accompanies this resembles him; but I think it must have been a better likeness of him 8\n            or 10 years ago\u2014he now appears to be about 55. He has been married to his present and\n            only lady about 23 years. They have no issue\u2014and the title will\n            go to his Brother Henry Erskine\u2014who is at present at the head of the Scotch Bar\u2014and what\n            is remarkable, his Lordship\u2019s Youngest Brother, the Honble Thomas Erskine, is considered\n            at the head of the English Bar. We have often heard of this gentleman, from the\n            conspicuous figure he has made in most of the important causes which have come before\n            this Court for several years past. Had it not been the Earls\n            misfortune to have been born a Lord, he would in all probability have made as\n            conspicuous a figure in the law or some other literary pursuit as his Brothers have\n            done; for he has been assiduous in the acquisition of knowledge\u2014and is considered as\n            possessing very considerable talents; his moderate disposition has however helped him\n            from pressing himself forward in the political world in the manner that his rank &\n            abilities would have given him a right to do. He has rather chosen to enjoy domestic\n            life, and attend to the improvemt of his Estate, as well as to promoting the interest of\n            agriculture & manufactures in general. In the former I understand he has been\n            successful, and from being ranked as a poor nobleman 15 years ago, he has become the\n            reverse\u2014and what is much to his honor, all the tenants in his Estates have grown rich as\n            well as himself.\n          Mr Anderson, Professor of Mathematics & natural Philosophy in the University of\n            Glasgow, informed me that he had written to you some months ago on the subject of an\n            improvement which he had made in Artillery\u2014and had also sent some\n            publications which he had made therein. This Gentleman seems to be an enthusiastic\n            admirer of America & her Government and is very anxious that our Country should\n            derive an advantage from his improvements. The French, it is said, have received vast\n            advantage from Mr Anderson\u2019s Artillery; it being carried over there by himself in 1789,\n            after the improvement was rejected by the Duke of Richmond, or rather after the proposal\n            to let him have the improvement was rejected; for Mr A. tells me that he never deigned\n            to make any enquiry into it. The most important point is his having found a method of\n            destroying the recoil of the Cannon without moving or injuring the carriage. This Mr A.\n            shewed to me very fully & clearly\u2014and gave me every information on the subject of\n            it. Its simplicity is as astonishing as its effects. Besides his improvement of\n            Artillery, Mr Anderson has introduced many very useful & important inventions &\n            improvements for their Manufacturing machines of various descriptions in Scotland, and\n            having communicated them gratis & without reserve to the manufacturers he is much\n            venerated & beloved by them. If we should carry into effect the intention of\n            establishing a national University in Washington City, Mr A. would be a great\n            acquisition to it, provided he could be drawn over there. He is spoken of whereever he\n            is know[n] as a man of great talents as a natural Philosopher & Mathematician; but\n            his liberality of opinion in politics gives great offence to the high government folks\n          Before this reaches you, I trust you will have received a letter which I had the honor\n            of writing to you from Glasgow, together with a Box containing a few Articles which I\n            took the liberty of putting up for yourself & Mrs Washington, as Specimens of the\n            manufactures of the Country. These I left to be sent to America by the first vessel\n            sailing from Glasgow for that place, and they will either go to Norfolk in the Ship\n            Alnomac or to New York, in the Brigantine John & Jane; these being the first Vessels\n            to sail for America: and in whatsoever vessel they go, they will be forwarded to\n            Philadelphia. I enclose a duplicate of the Invoice of the Articles.\n          The watch for Mrs Washington is preparing; but cannot be got ready to go by this\n            Vessel. It will be sent in the next that sails, which will be in about ten days. The man\n            who is finishing the watch, wishes it to be a very good one, altho\n            plain, and therefore choses rather to finish one on purpose than to send any one which\n            he had ready, altho, he considered them as good\u2014He is spoken of as one of the most\n            honesst among the most eminent in his way. The white thorn plants will be ready for the\n            next vessel also.\n          In the Box from Glasgow there is some furze seed; which I sent under an impression that\n            it might answer for hedges with you, as it was used for that purpose about Glasgow, and\n            looked well; but I was afterwards informed, that the hedges of it were not secure\n            against swine\u2014and that when it once got root in the ground it spread over every part\n            & became a troublesome weed.\n          When I came to this Country I determined, as much as possible, to avoid all\n            conversation on political subjects, knowing that any opinion of mine on those points\n            could be of no use to any one, and that possibly they might be detrimental to me: Altho\u2019\n            I have adhered pretty well to this resolution, yet it has not prevented me from hearing\n            opinions expressed, of such a nature, and with so much openness as astonished me, when I\n            knew the excess of punishment which the Government had inflicted on some individuals who\n            had openly avowed their sentiments. An Idea not uncommon in Scotland, and the northern\n            parts of England through which I have passed, is, that it is now folly to talk of a\n            reform in Government\u2014nothing short of a revolution can be thought of\u2014men of moderation\n            who espoused the cause of a reform havg been run down & put out of countenance, they\n            lay by to see the event of measures which they know to be disagreeable to the Country at\n            large\u2014and leave to the more violent to push matters with a high hand, which would not\n            have been necessary if the voice of reason and moderation had not been violently\n            suppressed in its early stages. The Government beleive, because these moderate &\n            respectable Characters rest in silence at present, that they approve their measures; but\n            the reverse of this is true. They cannot approve, and they do not venture to express\n            their disapprobation openly, because the cry of \u201cMad Dog\u201d against\n            them would cause them to be hunted down by the Underlings of party, and make their lives\n            very uneasy; they therefore chuse to let the matter work in the only way in which it now\n            can work, fully convinced that no great length of time can elapse before the storm will\n            burst upon those who seem to have taken peculiar pains in preparing materials for\n          Altho\u2019, as I observed before, I have avoided as much as possible entering into any\n            political conversations; yet persons who would not openly express their sentiments to\n            others, subjects of this Country, have spoken to me in a style which I have thought\n            imprudent for them to use even tho\u2019 they knew I should never use it to their\n            disadvantage\u2014and some of them have been persons of no inconsiderable standing here.\n          After giving this detail of what I have observed respecting the sentiments of many\n            here; it may, notwithstanding, be proper to remark, that so large is the majority in\n            Parlament for supporting the present ministry and for prosecuting the war, no doubt can\n            remain but that it will be pursued, and especially as it is said that Mr Pitt can\n            command in loan any sums he may want, and upon better terms than he could make last\n            year. The want of employment at the manufacturies gives a great number of men to the\n            Army & navy. But the truth is, a strong spirit of discontent prevails more or less\n            in every part of the Kingdom\u2014the causes which first excited it not only still exist, but\n            increase every day\u2014Those who are discontented are not by any means altogether of the\n            lower order of people\u2014many of distinguished property\u2014many of distinguished talents\u2014and\n            some of distinguished rank are among them.\n          The Speech of the President on opening the Session of Congress arrived here the day\n            before the Parliament met. It was universally approved & admired\u2014at least so far as\n            I could hear of any expressions respecting it\u2014and very honorable mention was made of it\n            as well as of America in general in some of the speeches on the day that Parliament met.\n            Mr Fox in particular dwelt with enthusiastic energy on the\u2014virtues\u2014the talents\u2014and the\n            peculiar good fortune of General Washington. He drew, with much warmth, a lively\n            comparison between the conduct of the American Governmt and that of this Country\u2014much to\n            the disadvantage of the latter. In an animated voice he cried\u2014\u201cAll the Kings of Europe\n            when compared with the great & the good Washington appear\u2014small\u2014and I had almost\n            said contemptable\u201d; but says he, in a lower voice, \u201cI must except\n            our own King.\u201d The public papers, you will observe, have noticed this part of Mr Fox\u2019s\n            speech in the debates; but they have not given a just statement of it. I was present and\n            felt his words strike my very soul\u2014I wished to have embraced him for them.\n          On your goodness, my dear Sir, do I rely to pardon me for the trouble of this tedious\n            letter\u2014I have written it for the purpose of giving you some idea of things here as they\n            really are\u2014and shall feel peculiarly happy if you find a moment\u2019s amusement or one thing\n            that is acceptable as information through the whole of it.\n          Everything respecting my own affairs is a[s] favorable as I could expect, considering\n            the prospect of a continuance of the war, which is always more or less detrimental to a\n            regular system of mercantile business. I have found every disposition in the great\n            manufactures and merchants with whom I have been particularly conversent, to promote my\n            views in business; but I have done nothing yet decisive in business, as we shall not be\n            ready \u2019till mid-summer to pursue our plan fully at the City of Washington. Generally speaking I find a strong affection towards the americans in\n            the manufacturing part of the Community\u2014it is less in the mercantile\u2014and still less I\n            beleive in another class.\n          I take the liberty to enclose some papers from the opening of parliament to the present\n            date, by which you will see something of what may be expected from the complexion of the\n          For Mrs Washington my best and grateful respects I beg may be made acceptable and to my\n            young friends Nelly & Washington I send my love. And that\n            they and yourself may enjoy all the health and happiness that this life can afford is\n            the earnest prayer of my dear Sir, Your affectionate friend & grateful & obliged\n            Tobias Lear.\n            P.S. Jany 30: 1794 Captn Truxon not sailing so soon as he expected has given time for\n              finishing the watch for Mrs Washington, which I have committed to the special care of\n              Capt. Truxon, together with the likeness of Lord Buchan. The watch, as you will see by\n              the enclosed Bill has a little exceeded the sum which you put into my hands for the\n              purchase of it. But this being a horizontal Watch (which are decidedly the best) and\n              made with very particular care by one of the first hands in London, I thought I might\n              venture to go a triffle beyond the mark, rather than send one which could not be so\n              well warranted.\n            I have engaged 5000 of the white Thorn plants which will be put on board the Ship\n              Peggy bound to George Town, She will sail by or before the 10th of next month, and is\n              addressed to Colo. Deakins.\n            Having mixed very much in almost all ranks of people since I have been here, and\n              heard with attention all sentiments on public matters: Besides which I have been\n              sought for and have had communications pressed upon me from quarters where the best\n              knowledge of the views of this Governmt are to be found\u2014Summing up in my mind all\n              circumstances & communication I hesitate not to say to you, my dear Sir, that I am\n              clearly impressed with a beleif, that it is the wish & view of the present\n              Governmt of this Country to quarrel with the U.S.\u2014and that their object is to make the\n              U.S. appear to be the first open Aggressors, then endeavour to persuade the people\n              that on the part of Britain it is a war of defence. Sure I am however that this excuse\n              will never be accepted by the people of this Country\u2014and that if the present ministry\n              should be mad enough to plunge the nation in a War with the U.S. it will only hasten their own ruin. Their ruin & a terrible crush in this\n              Kingdom, I cannot help looking upon as inevitable and at no great distance. It is\n              impossible for me to communicate to you at this time the grounds upon wh. this opinion\n              is founded\u2014And I should hardly venture to say as much as I have done; but that I shall\n              deliver this letter into Capt. Truxon\u2019s hands and rely upon his special care of\n            The eyes of the people here are beginning to open with respect to France\u2014It is openly\n              said here & in Almost every part of the Kingdom that it is folly to contend longer\n              with that Nation\u2014which is now considerd as the most powerful & energetic at this\n              moment in Europe. The great successes of France can no longer be hid from the\n              people\u2014and the reports of their internal divisions are no longer beleived\u2014as all\n              operations & the Accounts of impartial men coming from that Country give the lie", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0096", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 26 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia Jany 26th 1794.\n          Your letter of the 22d and the Reports, came duly to hand by yesterdays Post.\n          You will perceive by my rotation plan (with which you have been furnished\u2014or rather by the notes annexed thereto) that if the fields allotted for\n            Corn at the several farms were deemed inadequate to the consumption of this article,\n            that such parts of the fields as were designed for Buck Wheat, as a Crop, might be converted to this purpose, and I repeat it again here; leaving the\n            proportion thereof to your own judgment, with a proviso, however, that there be Buck\n            Wheat enough sown to raise a sufficiency of Seed for all the purposes of my rotation\n            system another year; as it is certainly a reflection upon a farmer to have his Seeds to\n            buy. The reason why I prefered increasing the quantity of Corn ground in these fields,\n            is, that nothing might interrupt the manurings of one field, at\n            each farm, every year with green manure; whilst the Cowpens, & dung from the farm\n            yards, would do the like to the poor parts of a second field,\n            annually. By this means, and a judicious rotation, I am not without hope of bringing my\n            land, in time, into a profitable state of cultivation; and unless some such practice as\n            this prevails, my fields will be growing worse and worse every year, until the Crops\n            will not defray the expence of the culture of them.\n          By the report of the week before last, it appeared that Stuart was plowing in No.\n              7; but as that field, according to the rotation which I have\n            by me, was to remain this year in Pasture I could not account for it, otherwise than as\n            a mistake in him, or a direction of mine which I had forgotten; the reason however of my\n            mentioning the matter again, in this letter, is, that if that field is designed for Oats\n            and Buck Wheat, the part, or such proportion thereof (as you like) which was designed\n            for the latter, may go into Corn in like manner as is allowed at the other farms; but if\n            it has not been touched, nor intended to be touched this year, (and I again desire that\n            you will not undertake more than you can execute well) then such part of No. 1. as you\n            may deem proper may be put into Corn: or you may do what Stuart suggested to me before I\n            left home\u2014namely\u2014to plant all the good ground in both No. 1 & No. 3 with Corn & Sow all the\n            broken & poor parts of them with Buck Wheat for manure; the same might be done at\n            the other farms; remembering always, that these fields are to be sown with Wheat in the\n            months of August & September next agreeably to the plan of Rotation, which you\n          I will send by the first vessel going round to Alexandria 14 bushls of Clover Seed, as\n            I fear what you have (except of your own growth) is bad; and because I would not be\n            sparing of Seed, either to the ground you have to sow, or that which has been sown, and\n            is now missing. Of Timothy Seed I shall send more, as 10 bushels\n            is sufficient I conceive to answer all your purposes; but it is to be feared that the\n            Timothy & Orchard grass seeds have got mixed (as they are very much alike) for I am\n            sure there was Orchard grass seed saved, & Butler and old Jack ought to know what\n            was done with it. That you may know what dependence to place on\n            the Clover seed which went from hence last year, & put into the Store mix it well\n            together, & then promiscuously take out a certain (precise) number of seeds &\n            see what proportion of them will come up. The Gardener can ascertain this, or by putting\n            them under a brick on the ground, in a warm place, you can do it yourself. I shrewdly\n            suspect that that seed was bad, even last year, otherwise the clover lot at the Mansion,\n            and the Meadows at Union & Dogue run farms, would not be so dificient now (the\n            latter after twice sowing in some parts).\n          Speaking of these Seeds, I must give you a hint of what I also very strongly suspect;\n            and that is\u2014that my Negro Seedsmen takes a considerable toll from every thing that goes\n            into their hands\u2014for this reason, make it an invariable rule before it is delivered to\n            them, to mix in a bushel of Sand or well dried earth, as many pints of seed as you allow\n            to an Acre, and let it be sown in this manner. Two valuable purposes are answered\n            thereby-\u20131st in this State, the Seed is rendered unsaleable; and 2dly a person not\n            skilled in sowing small seeds, will do it more regularly when thus mixed; for being\n            accustomed to sow a bushel of Wheat to the Acre, the same cast, & fill of the hand,\n            does for the small Seed when so mixed; in doing of which pains is to be taken that the\n            mixture is perfect; otherwise one part of the Acre will have more sand & less seed\n            than the other, & so vice, versa.\n          Give what manure you can to the lot at Mansion house which is to be sown with Oats and\n            grass seeds; or to the one which is to be planted with Potatoes, as circumstances and\n            your own judgment shall direct: for both, I do not presume there is dung enough. It is\n            better to do one well than both by halves.\n          The Ground between No. 6 at River farm, and the Barn lane, you may apply to the\n            purposes mentioned in your letter of the 22d, & let it remain under the fence which\n            incloses No. 6 until a division fence can be run. It my be worth some consideration\n            whether Potatoes (if some part of the Clover lot in front of the Barn does not require\n            to be broke up) ought not to be planted in part of it.\n          You may continue to eat of my meat, as the white people will take it after it goes from\n            your table, until your family arrives, and afterwards also if it shall be found more\n            convenient than to keep seperate stocks, as I believe it will. I perceive Thomas Green\n            draws fine flour from the Mill when the Miller & others are content with Midlings;\n            and which I am sure is good enough for him. Does his agreement in this respect differ\n            from the others?\n          The thorn berries should be buried a year before they are sown, in order that they may\n            pass through a state of fermentation; unless they do this they will not come up. Butler\n            ought to be acquainted with the process, if he is the practical farmer he pretends to\n            be\u2014The Ceder berries should have all the casing of the Seed rubbed of[f] before they are\n            sown, or they will not come up.\n          Mr Dulany is right in his application, but when you pay him the hundred dollars (which\n            is herein sent you) take his receipt for \u00a3150 pounds on Acct of the Rent due to Mrs\n            French for the year 1793; and give him a receipt for \u00a3120 for the Rent he owes me, for\n            the same year.\n          There is part of the Wages for 1793 due to the Estate of Mr Anthony Whiting; but how\n            much I am unable at this moment to say presisely. They commenced the first of Jany and\n            he died about the middle of June, but how much of my money which was in his hands he may\n            have applied to his own use I cannot, without some investigation, decide. If the\n            Administrators have any thing which leads to this, obtain it from them, that the Acct\n            may be closed; as I do not want to keep them out of what is due, a day. I remain Your friend &ca\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0097", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 26 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia January 26. 1794.\n          I have examined all Mr Morris\u2019s ministerial correspondence; and after the impression,\n            which I had received from others, whom I supposed to be conversant with it, I am really\n            astonished to find so little of what is exceptionable, and so much of what the most\n            violent would call patriotic. The parts to be witheld, will probably be of these denominations: 1. What relates to Mr G\u2014-t; 2. some harsh expressions on the conduct of the rulers in France,\n            which, if returned to that country, might expose him to danger; 3. the authors of some\n            interesting information, who, if known, would be infallibly denounced. He speaks indeed\n            of his court; a phrase, which he might as well have let alone. I\n            shall do myself the honor of waiting on you in the morning; and I write now, only to\n            give you an outline of the true state of the business. I have\n            the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0098", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 26 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n          Letter not found: to Edmund Randolph, 26 Jan. 1794. In his\n            second letter to GW of this date, Randolph wrote that he \u201chas just had the honor of\n            receiving the President\u2019s letter.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0099", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 26 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Mr Randolph has just had the honor of receiving the President\u2019s letter, which came,\n            while he was dining out.\n          Mr R. writes this note for the consideration of the President.\n          If the resolution was made in the executive character of the\n            Senate; then a resistance in toto seems at present the true path;\n            because they are executive, only on nominations or Treaties; and can call for papers relative\n            to those subjects, only when the one or the other is propounded to them by the\n          On the other hand, as a branch of the legislature, the Senate\n            have a greater latitude of power. They may call for papers, altho\u2019 they do not relate to\n            a business, actually depending before them. They may call for them, with a view to\n            originate business. But then, the President interposes his discretion, so as to give to\n            them no more, than, in his judgment, is fit to be given.\n          So that a very important question seems to be, whether the vote be a legislative or\n            executive vote. It now stands on the legislative journal.\n          Mr R. thanks the President for his kind enquiry, after his son, who is much better.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0100", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Johann Benjamin Erhard, 27 January 1794\nFrom: Erhard, Johann Benjamin\nTo: Washington, George\n            translation\n            Muenchen [Munich, Germany] Jan. 27th 1794\n          It is to the full Confidence in Your Excellency\u2019s general Benevolence to Mankind, which\n            cannot but constitute one of the chief Ornaments of a Character destined by Providence\n            to break the fetters of a World, That I owe the Resolution humbly to address to Your\n            Excellency the present Relation of the most unfortunate Event of an Imposture, that\n            involves a number of honest Persons in Europe, while abusing the Authority of the United\n            States. In vain Delicacy urges the Apprehension of being taxed an\n            Intruder for the particular Complexion of my case and the flattering hope of obtaining\n            some Redress from the Generosity of United States suppress every hesitation arising from\n            that principle of Decency ever so powerful with liberal minds. In order to form a proper\n            series of those Events which, Tho in an indirect manner operated my falling a Sacrifice\n            to the late sad Event, I beg Leave, Shortly to premise an Account of the principal\n            Transactions of my former Life, which will also implici\u27e8tl\u27e9y serve to state what little\n            Abilities I may pretend to possess. I am a Native of Nueremberg. My father, a wire\n            manufacturer by procuring me a liberal Education succeeded in his View, to instill Sound\n            republican sentiments in my mind. Accordingly I was at a pretty early Period of my life\n            undeceived as to the true Conception of what they in Europe call honour & grandeur,\n            & resolved to follow the business of my father. Ever since that time I cherished a\n            preponderating Inclination to live in America. My Spare-hours were spent in studying\n            Mathematics which led me to theoretical part of Physic without having any Intention in\n            the least, to embrace that Profession. However I happened in the year 1786 to meet with\n            the Acquaintance of Counsellor Siebold one of the most celebrated Surgeons in this\n            Country, who finding me so well prepared persuaded me, wholly to devote me to the study\n            of Physic, while that Gentleman found means to procure a proper Opportunity of obtaining\n            the practical part of that Science by employing me in the great Hospital at Wuerzburg\n            under his Direction. From Thence I repaired to several places\n            calculated to improve physical Knowledge, when in the year 1792 I was created Doctor in\n            Phc & fixed my Domicile at Nurembergh again resolved to acquire if possible a\n            Reputation by publishing some eminent litterary Performance in that Line, yet still\n            attentive to my favourite plan to spend the Rest of my life in America.\n          Being so disposed in the month of Octr last past a seemingly Favorable Opportunity of\n            accomplishing so fond a wish offered, which alas! proved a source of the most sad\n            Reverse on my Part, to wit: I became acquainted with a person called William who came to\n            see me furnished with Letters of Recommendation from \u27e8my\u27e9 friends at Wuerzburgh, but\n            afterwards, when I entered into more unreserved Conversation with him, he professed to\n            be an American and proved by producing a number of letters and Documents his proper Name\n            was William Pearce and his Capacity a Colonel & Commander of a\n            newly raised Regiment of Infantry and a member of the Order of The Cincinnati. Then he\n            produced to me as well as to my father and father in Law a written power of Attorney\n            bearing Date June 1793 signed: Washington & Jefferson and sealed with the seal of\n            the Union, that is vested in him a discretionary Power (the\n            Original says, illimited power) to engage for the service of the United States Six\n            Captains and eight Lieutenants, the power of Attorney to be in force for the Space of\n            nine months from the Date thereof. By his Assertions there was a first surgeon & an\n            Auditor to be comprehended among the six officers of Captn\u2019s Rank. I myself in the first\n            Emotions of so advantageous an Offer accommodated him at my own Dwelling house, where he\n            further told me, he had fought thro\u2019 all the American war on Your Excellency\u2019s side as\n            Adjutant mentioning several Events and the particulars thereof with a Degree of Accuracy\n            and Probability, that suppressed with me even the remotest Thought of Imposition.\n            Amongst many other Things past he related to have resided at Copenhagen in the fall of\n            the Year 1791 filling the place of an Envoy from the United States. That being exactly\n            the time when I left that City, (where I resided some time to reap Advantage of those\n            excellent Institutions of Surgery and Midwifery established There) I made different\n            Inquiries about some Characters & found all, what he advanced conformable to a\n            Nicety. He without any apparent Design produced Letters and Cards of respectable\n            Officers of The Danish Court. Blinded by so many concluding Circumstances I neglected to\n            write for more authentic Information from Baron Shimmelmann, Minister of Finances, who\n            honours me with his Confidence. From Copenhagen The Impostor\n            according to his own Relation departed for Sweden & Stettin.\n            He showed me a letter from the Commander of the latter place, in which he is requested\n            to grant a Commission to that Gentleman\u2019s Nephew. Having on his way appointed several\n            Officers whose names escaped my memory (except one Swiss gentleman, called, de Eckhard\n            he said) returned to Philadelphia. He had in his possession Documents, as to Their\n            external Appearance fully authentic, authorizing him to engage Officers in the Swiss\n            Canton of Basel\u2014also Powers of Attorney to recover Estates &\n            Legacies within the United States, and obligatory notes or Receipts for Sums advanced\n            drawn by Those Officers appointed by him. That Concurrence of facts so palpable & apparently incontrovertible could not but prevail on a liberal temper\n            naturally not suspicious. Therefore I readily accepted his Proposals and he executed in\n            my behalf a Brevet in which he appoints me first surgeon, of which I take the Liberty\n            here to subjoin a Copy certified by a Notary public. I do not\n            deny I received that Brevet with Rapture of Joy thinking myself fortunate for having\n            obtained that long wished for Object, being at the same time persuaded, That allways [I]\n            should be able honorably to acquit myself of The whole Province of Duties annexed to\n            That Commission. A spirit of Patriotism began to animate me in such a Degree as to use\n            every means in my power towards contributing to an exquisite choice of Those subjects he\n            wanted to engage in the service of the Union, in which I unfortunately but too well\n            Succeeded by persuading a certain Fick of Anspach a young man of\n            promising talents, who, being acquainted with the English and French language, instantly\n            resigned his place and now bewails his misfortune with an interesting family\u2014In that\n            first Emotion I even carried matters so far, as to persuade my father in Law Mr Golling\n            to purchase Bills of Exchange drawn on Robert Hardy, London, sd Colo. wanted to dispose\n            of being out of cash. Then I accompanied him in a second\n            Excursion in quest of subjects to engage, when I left him at Salzburg with my chariot,\n            having agreed to meet again at Muenchen. On my Arrival at this place he was not to be\n            found, but I found, in the contrary letters from my father in Law informing me, that the\n            Letters of Exchange had been returned protested, whereupon he to undeceive Us had opened\n            a letter directed to the pretended Colo., which had been re-expedited and Thereby was\n            convinced of his being an Impostor\u2014It is impossible to describe Those poignant\n            desolating feelings like mine were at That moment, I only mention, what greatly\n            heightens my misery I mean the sarcastic strictures of narrowminded persons, who are\n            ever ready to add Injury to Affliction, when it befalls any Man, who does not idolize\n            Their own Prejudices. How far any Relief can or may be granted to me I dare not to\n            imagine but I implore Your Excellency\u2019s Interposition to That End with all the Anguish\n            of a person, that owes only to Religion\u2019s Support to have been able to survive so\n            complicated a Disappointment and Distress, for the dreadful conscious Thought to have\n            plunged in Desolation & Ruin all what is dear to me on Earth, my father, wife, &\n            her own father preys vulturelike on my soul. Some Answer, I flatter\n            myself, I may expect from Your Excellency, as it is still something to clear up the\n            uncertain Prospects of an unfortunate, who might be rendered useful again to Society by\n            changing Imposture in Truth. In that peculiar state of woeful Anxiety I have the honor\n            to remain with unexpressible Respect Your Excellency\u2019s most humble devoted servant\n            John Benjamin Erhard. Med. Dr\n            P.S. I have put every thing in motion to have the Villain apprehended, Then I shall\n              also lay before You his fictitious power of Atty. He gave\n              himself for 32 years asserting his father was governor in America, his uncle Earl of\n              Pearce & his father Lord Pce he is of middling size, fair complexion, has black\n              curled hairs, is wounded on each thigh. He had about him printed Brevets in German,\n              Latin & french, for Distribution.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0104", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Hudson Muse, 27 January 1794\nFrom: Muse, Hudson\nTo: Washington, George\n            Virginia. Port Tappa. Jany 27 1794\n          I have been imprudent in giving Gentlemen Credit at the Office, for duties, and made\n            myself liable by my returns, in expectation that the Money would be ready When Call\u2019d\n              for; by which, I am not at present prepared to take up\n            draughts forward\u2019d last week by Messrs Lovell & Urquahart for five Thousand dollars,\n            in Consequence of which presume they will be returned, as they have Signified they could\n            not wait any time. I can not pretend to Say any thing in\n            Justification of myself for Such Conduct, but if I may be excused for not being pointed\n            to my duty in this Instance, I flatter myself You Will do me the favour to Speak to the\n            Secretary of Treasury on the Occasion, to grant me a Small indulgence, and he may rest\n            Assured that the money Shall be ready for his order in less than two months from this\n            date, and I will take care for the future never to be in the like Situation. I am Your Excellencies Most Obt Hble Servt\n            Hudson Muse Colon[el]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0106", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 28 January 1794\nFrom: Commissioners for the District of Columbia\nTo: Washington, George\n            City of Washington January 28. 1794\n          Major Ellicotts return in November, after being absent great part of the Summer, and\n            soon after we had employed his Brother Joseph, was so plainly\n            calculated to be heavy on the Funds, that we could not submit to it, and discharged him\n            at our last Meeting: we flattered ourselves, that we should have\n            more expedition and Quiet too with his Brothers, but he has continued here, and has, we\n            believe, worked like so much Levin in the Surveying Department; for the paultry press in\n            this Town, has constantly since teemed with lies and abuse, in which the young men have\n            been Instruments or Volunteers\u2014Nothing of Consequence has been done in the Field, in the\n            fine weather past, and the Idea seems to be, that little is to be done till the Spring\n            but to count the time\u2014We have on the whole, done now, what perhaps had better been done\n            long ago\u2014discharged the whole for there is evidently a want of Industry, and there are\n            so many Instances of a total absence of probity and Honor, that we can no longer bear\n            with the Corps. As to the meer laying out the City we do not\n            fear any difficulty. But the levelling the City and marking out the proper Drains,\n            approach so quick, that a Man of real abilities in that Line, will be soon wanted, and\n            perhaps the Time is not very distant, when it will be proper to have a real Enginier\n            here in the public service. Unless you have some Gentleman in contemplation whose\n            abilities recommend him to your Confidence, we think of inviting Mr Rivardi hither\u2014when he came as a Companion to Dr Thornton, he made a strong\n            impression on each of us, in the two or three Days he staid with us; we should not\n            presume to lead his expectations farther, than to the levelling part, and a general view\n            of the Surveying Department, which we think might both be attended to by him; as each\n            must be done, if well done, on the same intimate knowledge of the Ground, and Design of\n          Mr Rivardi is not a Shewy man, but he seems to us one of those Characters, who\n            maintains the Ground he has gained; we wish him to be introduced to you\u2014It is said, that\n            Mr Rittenhouse is well acquainted with him. We are sir very\n            respectfully Your mo. obedt Servts\n            Danl. Carroll", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0107", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Elizabeth Barbara Embry, 28 January 1794\nFrom: Embry, Elizabeth Barbara\nTo: Washington, George\n          28 Jan. 1794. Writes from Cork County, Ireland: \u201cThe Protector\n            of the distressed, the Arbiter of differences will He disdain the Sufferings of an\n            individual. penetrated with esteem of your Excellent qualities, and hoping relief from a\n            beneficence so extensive, and an understanding So piercing as that of your Excellency\u2019s,\n            for which you are not more famed than for a moderation, which makes you \u27e8illegible\u27e9 all your great and astonishing talents with a Meakness\n            as admirable, as surprizing, I am incouraged to address you.\u201d Gives a detailed account\n            of her son who \u201cearly distinguished Himself in His literary pursuits, and not less for a\n            probity, and love of truth, that made him respectable. . . . At seventeen His ardour for\n            distinguishing himself became almost ungovernable. . . . At the age of Eighteen, He had\n            passed through all our College Courses,\u201d and sets out on a tour of Europe, because a\n            \u201ccertain ease, and Manner, was wanting to him, that is seldom possessed without mixing\n            in the World\u2014He had been wholly taken up with forming himself on the\n            great examples he met with in Story. He was unsuspecting, modest, preferring others to\n            him self, Brave by Nature, warm, ambitious, but it was the ambition of meriting\n            distinction. It took the place of other Youthful passions, never did I see a Being more\n            free from sin, or more truly religious, without any tincture of Fanaticism.\u201d His\n            traveling companion, however, was acquainted \u201cwith every vice of which the human heart\n            is capable, it was A World of Wonders for My Son, of which till this moment He had been\n            ignorant.\u201d As a result, \u201cHis mind no longer preserved its steadiness. Something puting a\n            Stop to their travells together, My Son returned to me directly, all his plans broken,\n            his Spirits extremely hurt. . . . All my efforts were ineffectual, his Spirits were\n            fled, and at last his health became a prey to disappointment, and indolence.\u201d By this\n            time he had \u201cbecome of age,\u201d and was responsible for an estate in Ireland, which had\n            fallen into ruin. \u201cHe was cheated, and hated a World in which He found so much fraud,\n            and injustice. He sequestred Himself from it, he began to consider it as a Duty to\n            manage his little patrimony to the best advantage, but the accomplishment of this did\n            not satisfy Him it was too bounded, his education had been extensive. he had endeavoured\n            to form Him self for matters of \u27e8extent\u27e9, of universal good, He sunk in the mention of\n            little things. . . . I find Him pale, languid, and tho\u2019 not thirty Years of age, His\n            fine person stooped as if he were Seventy, his appetite gone, His Strength wasted. . . .\n            He is convinced that neither his present employment, nor the air of this place agrees\n            with him, Yet afraid to change for fear of worse. I know not what to do with him, or how\n            to quit him for a moment. I have pressed his trying the air of a little Villa, I have\n            near Dublin, His answer is, he must be Employed, or nothing is done. I alledge his\n            Health must first be attended to, he answers Employment is as necessary as any thing\n            else to the establishment of his health. if it is ever to be restablished.\n          \u201cHis admiration of you Sir, is great as Your qualities deserve He looks up to you as\n            the first of Men, A word from Your Excellency might be the Means with the Blessing of\n            Heaven of saving this inestimable Young Man and of making the widowed heart to sing for\n            joy. Will this induce You Sir, to relieve me by Your Advice or if that is too much to\n            hope, at least May I flatter My self You will pardon My taking up\n            time so precious to the World with my cares and Miserys. . . . If Your Excellency shoud\n            honor me with a line My address is Mrs Embry Inchannappa Wicklow Ireland.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0108", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 28 January 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War department January 28. 1794\n          Having communicated to the Secretaries of State and the Treasury the purport of the\n            recent communications from the frontiers of Georgia, We unite in\n            opinion that it would be proper that the papers should be laid before Congress\n            accompanied by a special message from the President, stating the importance of Congress\n            taking into their immediate consideration the measures requisite to prevent a repetition\n            of, and to provide adequate punishments for, such atrocious offences. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0109", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Hamilton Moore, 28 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Moore, John Hamilton\n            Philadelphia Jany 28th 1794.\n          I have received, and pray you to accept my last thanks for \u201cThe New practical\n            Navigator,\u201d which you had the goodness to send me, and also for my\n            share of the honor of your address on it. I am\u2014Sir Your Most\n            Obedient & Very Hble Servant\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0110", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 28 January 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 28 Jan. 1794. GW wrote\n            Pearce on 9 Feb. acknowledging receipt of \u201cyour letter of the 28th of last month.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0111", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Richard Peters, 28 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Peters, Richard\n          I thank you for keeping in mind my request concerning Oats. For seed I want them. The\n            purchase depends upon three things\u2014yea four. 1 the quality. 2 the time they could be\n            delivered in this City. and 3 the certainty of a passage to the Potomac. 4th not having\n            heard yet from my Manager, how much he requires, I cannot be precise myself as to the\n          All therefore I would further request of you, at this time, is,\n            to continue your enquiries, where I could be supplied, if under these uncertainties I\n            should, hereafter, ask your assistance in procuring them.\n            Yours\u2014affectionately\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0114", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 29 January 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n            War department January 29. 1794\n          Please to submit the papers herein enclosed to the President of the United States\u2014Those\n            marked with red Ink have been copied to be presented to Congress with the message to\n              morrow\u2014The letter to General Pickens being a private letter\n            seems upon further consideration not proper to be submitted\u2014Governor Blounts letter of the 27. December and the enclosures have not been copied\n            they being considered as irrelative to the subject of the recent offences of our own\n              people. I am Dear Sir Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0117", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 29 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          E. Randolph has the honor of inclosing to the President a memorandum from Mr Taylor,\n            accounting for the delay in the commissions, sent to him this morning.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0118", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 29 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n            Gentlemen of the Senate,\n            United States 29. Jany 1794.\n          I nominate John Boyd, of Northumberland, to be Inspector of the Revenue for Survey No.\n            2 in the District of Pennsylvania; vice James Collins: and\n          John Driver, of Virginia, to be Surveyor for the Port of Suffolk; and Inspector of the\n            Revenue for the same port; vice Samuel Riddick; resigned.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0119", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 30 January 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War department January 30th 1794\n          I submit to your Consideration a letter proposed to be written to the Governor of South\n            Carolina in consequence of a private letter received by Mr John Ross of this Town of\n            which the enclosed is an extract.\n          The Secretaries of State and Treasury approved the draft now submitted. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0121", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Robert Taylor, 30 January 1794\nFrom: Taylor, Robert\nTo: Washington, George\n            Norfolk [Va.] January 30th 1794\n          I was favoured with two letters from you under date of the 10th and 17th December\n            containing information necessary for the Trade of this Town to be acquainted with. I have delayed replying to them till I had something new to\n            communicate or untill some matter came before Congress in which we were particularly\n            interested. In the Debates of Congress on a Petition from Baltimore relative to the ill\n            fated French that have found refuge amongst us we note the part you have taken\n            respecting those at Norfolk and for which allow me to return you the thanks of the\n            Inhabitan\u27e8ts\u27e9 of this Town and in which be pleased to include mine.\n          It has been insinuated by a Member that as no Application has been made from this Place\n            that he concludes that the relief afforded by the Assembly of Virginia must by supposed\n            sufficient for the purpose, without wishing to combat with this Argument, I take leave\n            to inform you that an Application was made from this Town for Cloathing during the\n            Winter and for a support for these unfortunate People till the first of April only, by which time we supposed the French Government would do something\n            for their support or that they themselves by getting acquainted with the Language, &\n            with modes of acquiring subsistance be enabled to do without the aid of the Country[.]\n            this estimate as well as every other Paper relative to it if you think it necessary I\n            will take care to forward to you, but you will first let me here observe that the\n            Commissioners in estimating the sum necessary for their support included six hundred\n            pounds expected from some of the Counties of Virginia exclusive of the Publick Bounty,\n            this sum has not as yet come forward and I greatly fear from the supposition of its not\n            being necessary will not. tho\u2019 I am still in hopes the sum the County has so liberally\n            Voted for their relief will be sufficient to carry them forward to\n            the first of April after which I am totally at a loss to know how they are to subsist\n            for it cannot be supposed that this Town is equal to the support of two hundred and\n            fifty five Poor exclusive of the Parish Poor\u2014all those that have\n            arrived here from Cape Francois or elsewhere that had any property went to Baltimore and\n            consequently only those that were really Poor and not able to go any further were left\n            with us[.] of this truth I became a melancholly Eye witness[.] to enable the\n            Commissioneres here to send forward to the Assembly such a statement as required it\n            became necessary to see every individual[.] I had therefore the disagreable task to\n            visit the Houses and to question these truly distressed respecting their Age, Situation,\n            and Abillity of providing for themselves and I can therefore with confidence say if\n            Childhood, Old Age, Infirmity, Poverty, and the heart rending thought of what they were\n            and what they now are form Objects of Charity and commiseration I hope Congress nor no\n            other Public Body will ever again have it in their power to exert their Benevolence and\n            Compassion to a set of People so deserving of it all, While I am writing it may be\n            perhaps not unnecessary to remind you that by our Act of Assembly no Master of a Ship or\n            other Person can bring any pauper or Persons lyable to be burthensome to the Parish,\n            without either giving security for their maintenance or be subject to a Penalty of\n            twenty pounds for every person so landed or brought into the Parish and that although\n            this Law has not been put in execution against the Masters of the French Ships, yet as\n            it cannot be denied that the Ships belonging to the Republic of France brought them in\n            distressed Citizens and landed them here without taking the necessary steps for their\n              support I should conceive that in Justice as well as Law that\n            Nation ought out of the funds they have in the hands of Congress at least pay a small\n            sum to this purpose. I hint this to you, it is in good hands who I know will make the\n          The French Ships, Normand, and Ambuscade, are lying here as well as the British Ship\n            D\u00e6dalus, and I am happy to say that we have as yet experienced no inconveniency from\n            either, and I trust will not as the Officers of all seem desirous to keep the Peace, on\n            the Water; and it is our Interest to make them if we had the power so to do on Land. I am respectfully Dear Sir\n            Robert Taylor", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0122", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 30 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives\n          Communications have been made to Congress, during the present Session, with the\n            intention of affording a full view of the posture of affairs on the\n            south western frontiers. By the information, which has lately been laid before Congress,\n            it appeared, that the difficulties with the Creeks had been amicably and happily\n              terminated. But it will be perceived, with regret, by the\n            papers herewith transmitted, that the tranquility has unfortunately been of short\n            duration, owing to the murder of several friendly Indians by some lawless white men.\n          The condition of things, in that quarter, requires the serious & immediate\n            consideration of Congress; and the adoption of such wise and vigorous laws, as will be\n            competent to the preservation of the national character, and of the peace, made under\n            the authority of the United States, with the several Indian tribes. Experience\n            demonstrates that the existing legal provisions are entirely inadequate to those great\n            Go: Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0124", "content": "Title: Samuel A. Otis, Sr., to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 31 January 1794\nFrom: Otis, Samuel Allyne\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n            In Senate of the United States. Jany 31st 1794.\n          There is a standing order of Senate that I lay before the President of the United\n            States, from time to time, a copy of their records, when acting in their Executive\n            capacity. This I have done to the close of the last session, and left the book in which\n            the proceedings are copied with the President of the U. States, which if you will\n            procure to be returned by the bearer, I will continue the copy.\n            I am Sir your most humble Sert\n            Sam. A. Otis Secy", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0125", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 31 January 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia January 31. 1794.\n          I do myself the honor of informing you, that the executive proceedings of the territory\n            South of the river Ohio, from the 1st of march 1793 to the 15. of June 1793, contain\n            nothing of any importance. I have the honor to be with\n            sentiments of the highest respect, Sir, your most obedient & very humble servant\n            Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0126", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 31 January 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n            North Carolina New Bern 31st Jan: 1794\n          Since I wrote to you on the 19th Decem: last application having been made to me by\n            Capt: James Robertson the former master of the Sloop Providence of Montego bay (now\n            called L\u2019amee Margueritte) which was captured in June last by the Vanqueur de Bastille\n            to cause the said sloop to be restored to him upon a principle of her having been\n            captured within the distance of three miles from the coast and being at the same time\n            informed that she then lay at Wilmington. I issued orders on the\n            3rd inst. to Colo. Thomas Wright to seize her and detain her untill such time as the\n            necessary testimony should be taken to ascertain the facts and that he should order out\n            a militia guard to secure her, at the same time I wrote to Mr\n            Hill the Attorney of the United States for this district to notify him of the orders I\n            had given, and requesting him to proceed to the examination of the Witnesses in this\n            case, to have them taken in writing properly authenticated and forwarded to me and for\n            his information enclosed him a copy of the Secretary of Wars letter to me on that\n          I have since received letters from Colo. Wright informing me that he had seized and\n            secured the sloop on the 10th instant and also that on the 24th no\n            examination of Witnesses had taken place I have had no reply from the attorney to my\n          By the last Southern post I received a letter dated the 19th Decem. from the British\n            vice Consul at Charleston respecting the said Sloop claiming her as the property of the\n            Subjects of his Britannic Majesty upon the principle of her having been taken by a\n            proscribed vessel subsequent to the 7th June last and requesting that I should take\n            measures to have her secured in order to be restored to her former owners. a copy of\n            this letter I enclose you.\n          In consequence of the above letter I shall cause the vessel to be securely kept till I\n            receive your decision thereon; the fact of the L\u2019amee Margueritte & the Sloop\n            Providence being the same and of her having been captured after the 7th day of June last\n            by the Vanqueur de Bastille is not in the least doubted, the agent for the French Consul\n            at Wilmington and the party who took her acknowledging it.\n          On this subject my letter of the 19th Dec: was principally written as there was a\n            difference of two months between the period fixed by Mr Knoxs letter of august and that\n            of novem: last. To my letter I have not as yet received any\n              answer. I have the honor to be &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0128", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Bradford, January 1794\nFrom: Bradford, William\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia, January 1794]\n          The Attorney General has the honour to report, That having considered the Resolve of\n            the Senate of the 24th instant whereby the President of the United States is requested\n            to lay before that body the correspondence which has been had between the minister of\n            the United States at the French Republic and the said Republic and\n            between said Minister and the office of Secretary of State\u2014\n          He is of opinion, that it is the duty of the Executive to withhold such parts of the\n            said correspondence as in the judgment of the Executive shall be deemed unsafe and\n            improper to be disclosed. He also conceives that the general\n            terms of the resolve do not exclude, in the construction of it, those just exceptions\n            which the rights of the executive and the nature of foreign correspondences require.\n            Every call of this nature, where the correspondence is secret and no specific object\n            pointed at, must be presumed to proceed upon the idea, that the papers requested are\n            proper to be communicated; & it could scarcely be supposed, even if the words were\n            stronger, that the Senate intended to include any Letters, the disclosure of which might\n            endanger national honour or individual safety.\n          The Attorney General is therefore of opinion, That it will be advisable for the\n            President to communicate to the Senate such parts of the said Correspondence as upon\n            examination he shall deem safe & proper to disclose: withholding all such, as any\n            circumstances, may render improper to be communicated.\n            Wm Bradford", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0131", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 2 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Sunday evening [2 Feb. 1794]\n          E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that, as far as he has\n            understood, it is not intended, that a committee should wait upon\n            him, with the resolution; but that it should be transmitted. If\n            this be the case, as it pretty certainly is, no immediate answer will be necessary.\n          Supposing it to be otherwise; namely that a committee are to be the bearers of the\n            resolution Still the answer, which the President has recited, seems to be proper in the\n            first instance. For time must be taken to consider the\n            resolution, so as to determine how far it is to be complied with, or\n            if at all. The President will be pleased to recollect, that a distinction was taken at\n            the first interview, between the resolution, as an executive and a legislative act. At least it was not meant by E.R. that if papers were asked for in\n            a legislative capacity, altho\u2019 without qualification, what was proper for the public eye\n            should not be sent. The only idea, which he contemplated, was, that what was required\n            without qualification, should not be granted without qualification; but that what was\n            improper should be witheld.\n          E.R. had asked himself, how the President was to know, whether the resolution was a\n            legislative or executive act? For it is very probable, that it will not be specified. To\n            this the answer appears to be, that if the President chooses to understand it, without\n            more accurate information, to be executive; he may then oppose in toto. If he chooses to\n            understand it, as a legislative act, for the sake of avoiding unnecessary contests; he\n            may do so, without injury to the executive rights, and discriminate such parts of the\n            correspondence, as are unfit to be communicated. Or if he should be of opinion, that he\n            ought to observe a different line of conduct, according as the resolution may be\n            executive or legislative; and will not undertake to decide, whether it be of an\n            executive or legislative nature; he may, it is presumed, call for an explanation, as to\n            the source, from which it proceeds.\n          Be this as it may; and even if a committee, contrary to what is\n            now probable, should bring the resolution; the answer, mentioned by the President,\n            remains perfectly apt and proper.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0134", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 3 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia Feby 3d 1794\n          The Post which ought (in course) to have arrived here On Saturday last, will not be in,\n            it seems, until tomorrow. When it arrives, I shall (if anything requires immediate\n            notice) by the Post of Wednesday write to you\u2014If not, I shall delay doing it until the\n            usual time\u2014that is, on Sunday next.\n          By the last Post I sent you a bank note for One hundred dollars, to pay Mr Dulany\u2014I\n            hope it got safe to hand. I now enclose you Mr Lewis\u2019s draught\n            on Mr Horatio Ross of Alexandria which when received place to my credit and advise me\n            thereof that I may repay the amount here. I am Your friend\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0135", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Harriot Washington, 3 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Washington, Harriot\n          Letter not found: to Harriot Washington, 3 Feb. 1794. In her\n            letter to GW of 9 Feb., Harriot acknowledged receipt of her \u201cdear Uncle\u2019s letter\u201d and the \u201cbundle\u201d that accompanied it. Betty Washington Lewis,\n            in her letter to GW of 9 Feb., acknowledged the arrival of GW\u2019s letter of \u201cthe 3th of\n            this Month\u201d with its present for Harriot.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0136", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Johann Paul Golling, 4 February 1794\nFrom: Golling, Johann Paul\nTo: Washington, George\n          Translation.\n          Sir.Nueremberg [Germany] Febr. 4.\n          At the pressing Instance of my Son-in-Law John Benjamin Erhard,\n            Doctor of Physic I take the Liberty to forward to Your Excy\u2019s Address his Letter\n            relating the melancholy Circumstances of a late unfortunate Event concerning him, that\n            involved me in the deepest sorrow as also my Daughter his wife and his own father. We are all honest people and every Thing, what he in his letter\n            advances is pure Truth. I adjoin here the names of a number of gentlemen of\n            Respectability who might give Information of his Character, in case Your Excellency do\n            his petition think worth any Notice. I remain most respectfully Your Excellency\u2019s most\n            humble & devotd Servant\n            John Paul Golling\n            Count Schimmelmann at Copenhagen. Professor Baggerson\n              at the same place. Prof. Kant at Koenigsberg. Prof. Reinhold at Kiel.\n              Counsellor Wieland at Weimar. Cr Siebold at W\u00fcrzburg.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0137", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 4 February 1794\nFrom: Lear, Tobias\nTo: Washington, George\n            London february 4th 1794.\n          I had the honor of writing a long letter to you on the 26th ultimo by the Ship\n            Delaware, Captain Truxon, to whose particular care I committed the Watch & chain for\n            Mrs Washington, also a profile of the Earl of Buchan, by Tassie, which Lady Buchan\n            committed to my charge with a note for Mrs. Washington. Since\n            which I have received a letter from the Earl with the enclosed packets for you which he\n            requested me to forward by the first Oppy. These he tells me are curious Mss relative to\n            the Fairfax family and he wishes to have them preserved in your hands. You will find enclosed likewise a vest pattern of a new fabric which Sir\n            John Sinclair pressed upon me to send to you, and in a way that I could not decline it,\n            altho\u2019 I know full well your wishes to avoid anything, however trifling, coming to you\n            in the shape of a present. This, Sir John, begs to send in order that you may judge of\n            the perfection to which the wool of Scotland (of which this is made) is brought, as well\n            as of the progress in manufactures of the finer kinds.\n          I have put on board the Ship Peggy of George Town, by which this letter goes, 5000\n            plants of the white thorn. These you will see by the enclosed Acct are 8/ pr M which is 2/ dearer than they would be\n            at another season; the ground being at this time hard frozen makes it very difficult to\n            take them up; but this is considered as the best season for sending them abroad.\n          I have likewise taken the liberty, as the season and opportunity are so favorable, to\n            send addressed to you a number of the best kinds of fruit trees & goosberry &\n            Currant bushes. These I have taken for myself, as it will be one of my first objects, as\n            soon as I fix myself in the City of Washington, to have a garden of good fruit. Not\n            knowing how I could otherways have them taken care of, I have ventured, my dear Sir, to\n            trespass so much on your goodness as to send them to you, beleiving that you will direct\n            your gardener to plant them at Mount Vernon\u2014and as these are intended for standard trees\n            & bushes they will not only furnish me with as many scions or grafts as I may have\n            occasion for my self hereafter; but will afford abundantly more for you or your\n          Mr Young tells me that in a letter which he has lately received from\n            you, he is requested to send out a number of good farmers to go upon some of your lands,\n            provided he can find such as are disposed to go\u2014can be recommended\u2014and will become\n            tenants. He is very doubtful whether he shall be able to meet with such as are good for\n            any thing who would be willing to become tenants; the great object with those who go out\n            to America (at least if they have a little property to take with them, and such as have\n            not are generally but indifferent folks) is to obtain a free hold; and so strongly are\n            they possessed with this idea that they will hardly consent to become tenants, however\n            advantageous the terms of a lease might be. But Mr Young is not without hopes of being\n            able, in some measure, to comply with your wishes, as he knows of a considerable number\n            of farmers who have it in contemplation to emigrate to America in the ensuing\n          In my letter by Captain Truxon I said so much on the subject of politicks that I shall\n            add nothing on that score here further than to enclose a few of the latest papers.\n          The pamphlet containing a few remarks which I made on the River Potomack &c. has\n            had an astonishing effect here in producing more particular enquiries about that part of\n            the Country\u2014and I flatter my self that not a few of those who\n            emigrate this spring will turn their eyes to that quarter\u2014And I think no great length of\n            time will elapse before I shall have the pleasure of seeing a verification of the\n            opinion with which I have always been impressed with respect to the federal City. I find\n            some of my Countrymen here who are not well pleased with the eagerness of enquiry\n            respectlng the Potomack\u2014and altho they do not venture to\n            contradict a single fact contained in the Pamphlet; yet they cry up certain other parts\n            of the U.S. as having infinitely greater advantages: But I find what I always beleived,\n            to be true, that a reasonable & fair statement of facts will make a much deeper\n            & more lasting impression on the public mind than any florid description which may,\n            in the first moment, lead the imagination astray, but is most assuredly afterwards the\n            destruction of the very point which it wished to establish.\n          I will intrude no longer on your precious time, my dear Sir, than to beg that my best\n            & most cordial respects may be made acceptable to Mrs Washington\u2014my love & best\n            wishes given to my young friends Nelly & Washington as well as to Mr Dandridge & Mr Lewis\u2014and to assure you that I am with\n            the most perfect respect & inviolable attachment, Your affectionate friend &\n            grateful Servt\n            Tobias Lear.\n            P.S. I heard a report last evening that the Portuguise would not adhere to the terms\n              of the truce which had been made with the Algerines, and that the consequence would be\n              that those depredators would be again shut up in their ports. This however is a mere\n              report, and as such I give it. But it has been all along said that the truce between\n              the Portuguise & Algerines was made by another power without the assent of the\n              Portuguise Court.\n            I am informed that the British Merchants trading to Am. have determined to petition\n              Parliament for a Convoy to protect the Am. Ships from the Algerines!\n            Sir John Sinclair has committed to my care the enclosed letter and a packet containg\n              the Reports made to the Society for Promoting Agriculture, which will go by the same\n              vessel with this.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0138", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 4 February 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n            Mountvernon Feby 4th 1794\n          I Receved your Letter of the 26 Janry and a bank note of 100 dollars\u2014I took notice that\n            you had put down in the notes in the plan of Rotation\u2014that Corn might be planted in such\n            parts of the fields that ware alloted for the Buck wheat\u2014as would produce it\u2014If the feilds that ware alloted for Corn was not Likely to produce a\n            Soficient Quantity To answear the Several demands that would be for that Article\u2014and\n            uppon Examening the Several Feilds I did not think they would do it\u2014and that was the\n            Reason I mentioned it In my letter\u2014I was looking over The Grass\n            lot at River farm before the snow come And I find that the Clover is Very thin in\n            it\u2014& I think thare ought to be a part of It Broke up this spring\u2014& put in\n            Potatoes\u2014I have Inquired of Mr Butler & old Jack about the orchard Grass Seed but\n            they Can Give no acct of it, & say that thare was none Saved to thare knoledge\u2014when\n            the Clover Seed Comes I will Take Good Care that none [of] It shall be Stolen or Wasted\n            and when it is to be sown will mannage It as you have directed\u2014and Indeed I will Indeavour to do Every thing In my power according to the best of my\n            Judgment\u2014Col. Ball has Sent Sixty Bushels of Buck wheat & wrote that he Intended to\n            keep hauling till he Sends 500 Bushels down\u2014He wrote to have 3 shoats Sent him of the\n            China Breed.\n          I am Sorry to have to Inform you that the Stock of sheep at Both Union & Dogue Run\n            farms are Some of them Dieing Every week\u2014& a Great many of Them will be lost, let what will be done\u2014Since I come I have\n            had shelters made for them & Troughs to feed them In & to Give them salt\u2014&\n            have attended to them myself & was In hopes to have saved those that I found to be\n            weak but they ware too far gone\u2014and Several of the young Cattle at dogue Run was past\n            all Recovery when I come & some have died already & Several more I am affraid\n            might die before spring, they are so very poor & weak\u2014The stock at River farm &\n            Muddy hole I am In hopes will be Brought through the winter without much loss and I am\n            in hopes that the Cattle at Union farm will be brought through the winter prety well\n            Likewise some of the young ones are very thin & they have Lost one.\n          Mr Stewart Sais part of his last years wages are due & he is in want of money but\n            as you had directed me not to pay any Acct without first Informing you\u2014I shall not pay\n            him Any till I receive orders from you\u2014the Ice house is Better\n            than half filled with Ice\u2014but the Ice was so thin It all melted be fore we Could Get\n            Enough to fill It. I am Sir with the Greatest Respect Your Humble Servt\n            William Pearce", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0139", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Robert Lewis, 5 February 1794\nFrom: Lewis, Robert\nTo: Washington, George\n            Frederick County [Va.] February 5 [1794]\n          Inclosed I send you the Deed which you re-acknowledged at Mount Vernon and a fair copy\n            of the same which I will thank you to sign. Thro\u2019 the neglect of\n            Doctor Stuart & Colo. Ball who did not attend to prove your re-acknowledgment, the\n            Deed is out of date, and the Court of Frederick will not admit it to record\u2014I therefore request you will be so obliging as to sign the new Deed (as\n            the old one is in a very tattered condition) or reacknowledge the old one, either of\n            which will do. I wish you to sign the Deed in presence of old Mr Rutherford & any\n            others that may accompany him.\n          I have just returned from among your tenants in Berkley and now on my way to Fauquier;\n            from which place, I shall write you more fully & respecting to your business. Present my affectionate regards to my Aunt & believe me with\n            sincere respect your Affectionate Nephew", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0140", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Gouverneur Morris, 5 February 1794\nFrom: Morris, Gouverneur\nTo: Washington, George\n          Duplicate\n          My dear Sir,Paris 5 Feby 1794.\n          In a New\u2019s Paper of this Day I find the Translation of your\n            Message of the fifth of December to Congress, and observe that after stating the\n            Violation of the Treaty by a Decree of the national Convention you tell them I have been\n            instructed to make Representations on the Subject. Now this my\n            dear Sir is the first I hear and all I know of such Instructions. Indeed I have received\n            no Letters New\u2019s paper or other Intelligence from America since those which Captain\n            Culver brought. I suppose this arises from the Difficulty of\n            Communication but whatever be the Cause I feel the Effect. It would be of some Use if a\n            Clerk in the Office of foreign Affairs had by Triplicates mention\u2019d from Time to Time\n            which of my Letters were receiv\u2019d. Thus on the present Occasion, I should know whether\n            my Correspondence with the Minister on the Subject of this obnoxious\n            Decree was before you. As it is, not being able to determine the\n            nature of the Representations which you have desired me to make, I am oblig\u2019d to be\n            silent. And unless more than one Copy has been sent I may never receive your Orders, and\n            at any Rate it will be at no early Day. I am sure it is superfluous to tell you how\n            painful it is for a Person in my Situation to be totally ignorant of what passes in his\n            own Country, and whether the Conduct which under Circumstances continually changing he\n            finds it necessary to pursue does or does not consist with the Views of Government.\n            Blaming a wrong Step would prevent a Repetition of it, but really at present I walk in\n            the Dark or at best by the feeble Light of my own Conjectures. I know not whether my\n            Brethren have the same Dearth of Intelligence. Mr Short complaind of it much when I last\n            saw him and has since mentiond the same thing from Madrid so that I conclude the Evil to\n            arise from the Negligence of those to whom Letters are entrusted. Might it not be adviseable to send every Month a small Packet to Europe. They might\n            come alternately to Havre and Lisbon and that which arrives at Lisbon come on thence to\n            Havre that which arrives at Havre go from thence to Lisbon. In this way a regular\n            correspondence would be kept up and seizing for unimportant Communications, the private\n            Conveyances which offer full Intelligence would be given and receiv\u2019d. Six packets would\n            be amply sufficient for the Service and if, as I believe, small Schooners could be\n            safely employd the prime Cost would not be above three thousand Pound Sterling and the\n            annual Expense I should suppose not more than Half that Sum.\n          I beg your Pardon my dear Sir for troubling you with this groaning Scheeming Epistle. I\n            will not say one word of news as in supposeable Circumstances it might prevent this\n            Letter from reaching you. I adhere to the Opinions exprest in my last. adieu I am very truly yours\n            Gouvr. Morris\n            P.S. I am sorry to see that your Love of Retirement struggles so strongly against a\n              Continuance of public Life. I am afraid the Devil (for it is\n              from him you know that comes all Evil) will put it in your Head one Day to quit\n              Outright which God in his Mercy forbid for I tell you, and you know me well enough to\n              believe me, it will be a very sad Day for America. As to yourself I know that you will\n              be more happy at Home and I judge from my own feelings how strong\n              must be your Desire to get there. Apropos whenever you think the United States can\n              gain any thing no matter how little by giving me a Successor let it be done.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0141", "content": "Title: From Samuel A. Otis, Sr., to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 5 February 1794\nFrom: Otis, Samuel Allyne\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n            [Philadelphia] Feby 5th 1794.\n          Mr Otis\u2019s compliments to Mr Dandridge and sends him for the use of the President of the\n            United States a Journal of Senate during the second Congress\u2014Should more of the same\n            kind be wanting, Mr Dandridge will be so good as to apply.\n          Mr O. sends also the sheets of the present session as far as they are printed.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0142", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Johnson, 6 February 1794\nFrom: Johnson, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n            Frederick [Md.] 6 February 1794.\n          Your Letter of the 23d of last Month came to Hand whilst I was attending on the Lottery\n            Business at George Town: I forbore to answer it immediately\n            hoping that a little Delay might enable me to do it more to your Satisfaction, as well\n            as my own for I could not think of any Gentleman of the Neighbourhd whom I could venture\n            to recommend to you and the Proprietors, amongst whom there is the most Ability, have\n            not lately gained in my Confidence\u2014Reflection has not assisted me nor do I see a\n            prospect of a favorable Change unless from an Accession of Strangers several of whom it\n            is said will be at the City in the Spring and amongst them I hope such as will be proper\n            for your Choice\u2014In the Mean Time, with your Approbation I will continue to act for\n            though I shd not Suffer much in seeing the little Credit I may have earned, transferred\n            by common Opinion to a Successor, I should be very sorry a Change of Comrs should injure\n            the Work I have very much at Heart. I am sir, with the most\n            Respect, Your affectionate Servant.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0143", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Sinclair, 6 February 1794\nFrom: Sinclair, John\nTo: Washington, George\n            Whitehall [London]-\u20136th Febry 1794\n          I had the honour of receiving your Excellency\u2019s letter by Mr Lear, with whose\n            appearance & conversation I am much pleased. He comes from a good school. By this vessel I have the pleasure of sending copies of several of our\n            Agricultural surveys, one or two of the best; it would be worth while to reprint, &\n            circulate in america. The whole Kingdom will be completed in about 6 months from the\n            commencement of the inquiry. Excuse the shortness of this\n            epistle, having such a mass of matter to attend to, & believe me, with sincere\n            respect & esteem, your very faithful humble Servt\n            John Sinclair\n            N.B. We recognise the good sense and steady judgement of old England, in the conduct\n              of her American descendants on a late trying occasion. I have perused with much\n              pleasure Mr Jefferson\u2019s paper upon the subject. My best Compts to Mr Adams &", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0144", "content": "Title: To George Washington from David Stuart, 6 February 1794\nFrom: Stuart, David\nTo: Washington, George\n          Your letter of the 20th Ultmo I recieved on my return home from Ge: town, where I have\n            been for near ten days past. As you was informed of the result of the meeting, it is\n            unnecessary to observe, that it was one of the most unpleasant we\n            have had\u2014I hope the discharge of the Ellicotts (rendered unavoidable by their own\n            conduct) will ensure not only peace, but honesty & industry too, to the surveying\n            department in future.\n          It gives me much pleasure, that my conduct has met with your approbation: my\n            determination is certainly finally taken, and when I informed you of it, it was my wish\n            to have complyed with the request you signifyed to me in conversation last fall, of\n            suggesting some characters to you, who might fill up the vacancy created by Mr Johnson\u2019s\n            & my own resignation. But I could not at that time do it, to my satisfaction, nor\n            can I now do it entirely so\u2014My place may I think be easily supplied, but I know not\n            where to look, for any one to supply Mr Johnson\u2019s\u2014and here has been my difficulty. With\n            respect to the Proprietors, perhaps my prejudices, may have some influence on my\n            opinion: but it appears to me, that those among them who are best fitted for the office\n            in point of talents, would be improper from the general sentiment entertained of them as\n            to their cunning & design. Perhaps, if they were as free from this imputation as\n            could reasonably be expected from their interests, the jealousy of those whose interests\n            lie in a different quarter would still be troublesome. I think I speak on this head\n            experimentally, from what is constantly suggested with respect to Mr Carroll; and in my\n            opinion without foundation: if he who is interested in a very small degree any where,\n            and certainly as much in Hamburg as Carrollsburg, has not been able to escape censure,\n            how can it be expected from those who are more deeply so, and that in one part only? I must therefore think upon the whole, that a proprietor to any\n            extent would not be suitable. The only persons then, that I can think of, are Marsham\n            Waring, & Major Ross of Bladensburg\u2014the first of these, is a respectable sensible\n            Merchant of Ge: town, who has never intermixed with any of the parties, and who has I\n            believe no property in the City; the second you are acquainted with. Mr John Mason &\n            a Mr Lowndes were spoke of, I understand by the People of Ge: town as fit persons\u2014But\n            from the connection of the latter with Mr Stoddert, and his being allso a very young\n            man, and from Mr Mason\u2019s being so deeply interested opposite to Ge: town, I cannot think\n            them so proper as the other two\u2014As you are totally unacquainted I believe with Mr\n            Waring, it may be necessary to say something more respecting him\u2014he\n            has been long an inhabitant of Ge: town, and some of his relations (I believe his\n            brother) possessed large property in the city, but has sold out\u2014he is universally well\n            thought of, as a man of character, good temper and understanding\u2014Not knowing whether you might be able to fill up our places to your mind; by the\n            first of March, we fixed on the third monday of that month for the next meeting; which\n            will be an important one on account of the election of proper characters as Bank\n            directors\u2014Cashier &c.\u2014Mr Blodget contrary to our\n            expectations, and many intimations we recieved, will not hesitate to recieve the salary\n            fixed for his Agency; tho\u2019 he was seldom present, and rendered little or no service in\n            that time\u2014We are now quit of him, and I think it unfortunate that we ever had any\n            connection with him in any way. I am with the greatest respect\n            Your Affecte: & Obt: Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0147", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 7 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate and of the House of Representatives.\n            United States February 7. 1794.\n          I transmit to you an act and three ordinances passed, by the Government of the\n            territory of the United States south of the river ohio, on the 13th and 21st of March,\n            and 7th of May 1793. And also certain letters from the minister\n            plenipotentiary of the French Republic to the Secretary of State, enclosing dispatches\n            from the general and extraordinary Commission of Guadeloupe.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0150", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 8 February 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n            No. Carolina New Bern 8th Feb: 1794\n          On the 6th inst. I received the Secretary of Wars two letters of the 13th Jan: and his\n            three letters of the 18th Jan: the latter directing me to restore the money papers and\n            other property now in the custody of the Deputy Marshall, to the Agent of the Spanish\n            Commissioners, I shall give the necessary orders for that purpose and send them on to\n            Wilmington by the next Southern post which leaves this on Wednesday next.\n          The papers which I informed you in my letter of the 19th Decem: last I had directed the\n            marshal to send to me in order fully to establish the fact of the money having been\n            taken from the Spanish Brig St Joseph. I recd whilst at Fayetteville but could not get\n            them translated there[.] I brought them here with me and have employed a person well\n            skilled in the Spanish language to translate them faithfully, and expected to have had\n            them ready to send on to you by this post\u2014but they are not quite finished.\n          As the Money is now ordered to be restored to the agent of the Spanish Commissioners,\n            it may be unnecessary to proceed with the translation, but as it is in some forwardness\n            & the person already engaged to do it\u27e8,\u27e9 I shall let it be finished and sent on to\n            you. It is an extract from the cargo Book of the Brig St Joseph\u2014specifying every article\n            of the cargo shipped on board of her at Carthagena, and the names of the persons who\n            shipped it\u2014Also a paper in french appearing to be done by Capt: Hervieux & his\n            Officers & crew agreeing to divide between them the money taken on board the Spanish\n            brig. executed the 30th Sep: 1793: I have the honor to be", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0151", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 8 February 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n            No. Carola New Bern 8th Feby 1794\n          By the last post I received the Secretary of Wars letter of the 21st Jany 1794.\n          At the time the legislature passed the resolutions which I did myself the honor to\n            transmit you on the 6th July last they had grounds to apprehend\n            an attack on our frontiers by the Indians. they had from the representations made to me\n            in novem: been in the habit during the Summer and fall of committing depredations on the\n            property of the Citizens of this State, and we had reason to\n            think, after the attack made on the Indians by the Militia of the territory South of the\n            Ohio under the command of general Sevier that they would have committed hostilities on\n            our frontiers.\n          As soon as a peace is made with the Cherokees by Governor Blount and our frontier is in\n            a state of safety the Scouts now in service can be discharged.\n          I enclose you a copy of my orders to Colo. David Vance: you will perceive that they are\n            conformable to the Secretary of Wars letter to me and the resolutions of the General\n              Assembly. I have the honor &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0152", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Betty Washington Lewis, 9 February 1794\nFrom: Lewis, Betty Washington\nTo: Washington, George\n            My Dear Brothe[r]\n          your Letter of the 3th of this Month with your kind Present to Harriot Came safe to\n            hand she values it more as it Comes from Philadelphia and Expects it is more\n              fashonable\u2014things in this Town is Scarce and very dear she\n            seems truly sensable of the many favours receiv\u2019d and sayes that she will make it her\n            hole study to deserve them, I Can assure you she is truly deserving of the favours\n            receiv\u2019d, a[nd] I am not acquainted with any One who takes more Cear of there things and\n            turns them to greater advantage.\n          My Dear Brother I wish you to give Howell some advice how to Proseed in regard to two\n            Negroes that Runaway from me a few daye before Christmas two of the Principal hands on\n            the Plantation I Expect their intension is to get to\n            Philadelphia as thay have a thought in geting there thay will be free, the hole Crop I made the last year was thirty Barrils of Corn and a\n            Hundred and tenn Bushels of Wheat, if I am so unfortunate as not to get them again, I\n            have no Chance to make any thing the insuing year. I am Join\u2019d by the Girls in Love and\n            good wishes for you all,\n            Betty Lewis", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0153", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 9 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia Feby 9th 1794\n          since writing you a few lines on the 3d instant, I have received your letter of the\n            28th of last month, and that of the third of the present.\n          If you are satisfied with Mr Butlers conduct and exertions, I shall be so. He has\n            always appeared to me as a well disposed man, obliging and sober one who has seen better\n            days: and must have had a good deal of practical knowledge in husbandry. If you can make\n            him active, & will support his authority, I do not see why he may not be more useful\n            to you than a young man, who might have a greater propensity to be running about.\n          With respect to the French furse, I shall leave it altogether to you and him, to manage\n            it as you shall think best; for in truth I know nothing of the nature of the Plant. In\n            the disposal of the Seed, howr, (where it is ultimately to remain) you cannot go amiss. The best guide perhaps is to sow it in Soil which is most\n            congenial to it\u2014and if this could be found around the enclosures at the Mansion house, I\n            should give it a preference; but in this also, do as shall appear best.\n          I am of opinion the Post & rail fence which runs from the Mill up to the tumbling\n            dam, & so on, is too low and unsubstantial for an outr fence, against such\n            neighbours as I have in that quarter; it was for this reason I proposed a more\n            substantial one; especially, as the good posts & Rails in that fence would do very\n            well for the inner & cross fences. I conceive also, that the out side ditch ought to\n            be widened, & deepned. In a word, to make the whole of the exterior fence so\n            formidable, & the Rails so close together, as to prevent trespass even from pigs;\n            without this I shall never enjoy the sole benefit of my Inclosures, nor keep the meadows\n            along the mill swamp from injury.\n          The out fence at the Mansion house I am sensible stands in great need of repair, and I\n            shall be much pleased by your repairing it, & well; as soon as circumstances will\n            permit. The idea of getting rails out of the dead, & decaying timber, I much\n            approve; for the waste which has been committed on my timber & wood hitherto, has\n            really been shameful. I have no doubt, if the trees which have been fallen in all parts\n            of my land, & only a small part of them used, were corded for fire wood instead of\n            lying to rot on the ground that they would sell for many hundreds of pounds. You will\n            find it necessary, I presume, whenever you undertake the Mansion house (out) fence, to\n            get the rails tolerably convenient, on acct of the Cartage. It has always been my\n            intention to clear, in the same manner the ground now is, in front of the house, from\n            the white gates as the road goes towards Alexandria, up to the little old field; &\n            to extend the fence out to it; whenever a convenient moment should be found for the\n            purpose. If there be, therefore, any stuff fit for Rails within that space, two purposes\n            will be answered by using it; namely, fencing; and clearing the ground of its growth;\n            but I fear there are but few trees that will answer for the first, that is for\n          If you will examine the little sketch of the lots at Union farm, which was enclosed in\n            one of my former letters, you can be at no loss in laying them off\u2014a slipe of No. 2,\n            from the fence of No. 1 to the fence of No. 3, of the breadth mentioned in that sketch,\n            gives you the four lots; and dividing this slipe into four equal parts gives you the\n            size of each lot. The two next to field No. 1, are those which are to\n            be sown with Clover on the wheat, because they have been cowpenned. The other two must\n            remain to succeed, in order, as have been mentioned in former letters.\n          If I do not confine myself as nearly as circumstances will permit to my rotation\n            system, this year, I never shall get into it at all; for which reason, although I might\n            find ground better adapted to Corn than what was intended for Buck Wheat (for a Crop) It\n            is my desire that you will attend to, & pursue the course wch has been mentioned in\n            my letter of the 26th of last Month; or in the Oat grd, if you shd want Seed Oats.\n          Let me know every now and then how the growing Wheat & Barley looks, as a week or\n            two may change the appearance of them materially.\n          What, or how much is done to the new race of the Mill? and at which end did they begin?\n            Is it got to its depth? and carried on a level, what has been done?\n          I have no chance to get honey locust seed this year; and as it is thought improper to\n            sow the french furze for the purpose of transplanting, the ground prepared by the\n            Gardener for these things will be useless; But as I have got about a quart, or a little\n            more of what is called White bent Seed, which is given to me as a very valuable grass, I\n            wish you would prepare about a quarter of an Acre of grd for it (I would not chuse to\n            have the seed in more than that) in one of the New meadows at Dogue run or Union farm,\n            and sow it at the time mentioned in the enclosed letter. If no opportunity offers of\n            sending it by water with the Clover Seed &ca I will send it by Post.\n          Let the Gardener know that the Seeds he wrote for shall also be\n            sent at the same time, with some others which will require his particular skill &\n            attention. You have never informed me how much St foin and India Hemp seed he has\n          If my Cattle & Sheep receive all the attention & care that is necessary, I can\n            require no more, if they should die; but it shews how essenscial it is to pick, cull,\n            & sell off before it is too late, & to provide well for the rest, & this I\n            hope will be the case another year; and especially in attending to the breeding of them;\n            both as it respects the choice of the Males (particularly) and the seasons proper for\n            their going to the females.\n          In a letter which has just been received from Mrs Fanny Washington, she requests me, to\n            desire you, to rent her fishing Landing at Taylers on the best terms you can obtain\n            & make it a condition that the person so renting it, shall\n            furnish for her own use two Barrels of Shad, and four of Herrings\u2014and as many of the\n            latter as hath usually been put up for the use of the negros under his (Taylers) care,\n            of which he can inform you\u2014It is my wish you should do this.\n          Colo. Ball must have the three shoats he applies for\u2014a boar & two sows. I was in hopes the last spell of freezing weather wd have enabled you to\n            fill the Ice house. It is very desirable it should be so, as the convenience on acct of\n            fresh meat &ca in the summer is inconceivably great in the Country.\n          It appears by Mr Lewis\u2019s accounts that Mr Stuart has only recd \u00a315.12. The difference\n            between that Sum and his wages, is yet due to him; unless he has received money from Mr\n            Whiting of which, if the fact is so, he unquestionably knows, and will tell. Crows & McKoys wages are also due, & must be paid. If you have\n            not money, nor a prospect of raising it from the midlings & Ship stuff in time for\n            these purposes, let me know it, and I will send it from hence.\n          I have nothing to add at present but to beg you will make my people (about the Mansion\n            house) be careful of the fire, for it is no uncommon thing for them to be running from\n            one house to another in cold windy nights with sparks of fire flying, & dropping as\n            they go along, without paying the least attention to the consequences.\n          You will remember in time that my house in Alexandria is got in order for Mrs Fanny\n            Washington; as I have promised to do this by the time mentioned to you in former\n              letters. If my Carpenters could be prevailed upon to go on\n            with their work as they ought to do, I intended to build Daries both at Union and Dogue\n            run farm; to see if the Milk at each could not be turned to some account; but the lower\n            part I should build of Brick like that in the Neck, where Stuart lives. I remain Your friend &ca\n            Go: Washington\n            P.S. If upon tryal, the Clover Seed you have is found to be\n              good, it would be well to sow what you have upon the first Snow that covers the ground\n              after this letter reaches you. What I have here shall go by the first Vessel, for\n              Alexandria; but when this may happen is impossible to say, as the Navigation of the\n              Delaware is interrupted by Ice. Yrs &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0155", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Washington, 9 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Washington, William\n            Philadelphia Feb. 9th 1794.\n          Your Letter of the 6th Ulto by way of New York, has been lately received; That you\n            should be without any of my letters in answer to your former favors, is matter of\n            extreme surprize to me, as the receipt of them had been regularly acknowledged.\n          The Bill on Mr Bell of this City for six hundred and seventy eight dollars and 64/100\n            came safe to my hands, and was punctually paid. Of this I wrote you, altho\u2019 the letter\n            has never it seems been received.\n          Previous thereto, I had informed you (about this time twelve month, if I recollect\n            rightly) that as it was improper to travel the Jack in the winter season, and moreover,\n            as he could not be got to Mount Vernon in time nor in order for covering the ensuing spring, I\n            requested you to keep him in So. Carolina and do for me in the case as if you were\n            acting for yourself, until he could be removed more advantageously: and now, in answer to your last letter of the 6th of Jany, requesting to\n            know if those who have sent Mares a second time to Royal Gift with no better success\n            than they met with the first time shou\u2019d pay for those wch do not bring foal? I shall,\n            under my present view of the subject answer No provided you are\n            satisfied they have not cast them because in that case the failure is not in the\n            Jack\u2014But in this, as in every thing else which relates to the Jack\u2014do (as I have before\n            requested) the same for me as you would for yourself and I shall be perfectly\n            satisfied.\n          His covering, while he stood at Mount Vernon was very sure; for no mare that went to\n            him, scarcely ever missed; nor was he ever lame before he left that place; but from\n            accounts which I have received from some Gentlemen in Virginia he was most abominably\n            treated on the Journey by the man to whom he was entrusted; for instead of moving him\n            slowly and steadily along as he ought, he was prancing (with the Jack) from one public\n            meeting, or place to another in a gate which could not but prove injurious to an animal\n            who had hardly ever been out of a walk before\u2014and afterwards, I presume, (in order to\n            recover lost time) pushed him beyond what he was able to bear all the remainder of the\n            Journey\u2014However, there is no remedy now for what has happened, but if he should get over\n            his present disorder, and recover his flesh again, he may yet be a useful & valuable\n            animal as he will not (if he live) be past his prime these fifteen or twenty years yet\n            such is their longevity of this species of animal. I was glad to\n            hear from Mr Izard that he had got one very fine mule from two mares which he had sent\n            to Royal Gift\u2014from thence I entertained a hope that he might be\n            growing better\u2014be this however as it may, I would thank you for giving me advice from\n            time to time of his condition, that I may be enabled thereby to take measures\n            accordingly. In the mean while, I entreat you to derive all the advantages you can from\n            him to your own mares, without entertaining an idea of making compensation for it.\n          Offer, if you please my best respects to Mrs Washington; and be\n            assured of the sincere esteem and regard with which I am\u2014Dear Sir Yr affect. Hble", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0156", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 10 February 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            Treasury Departt 10 Feby 1794\n          The enclosed letter of the 27 of last month from the Collector of Tappahannock, relates\n            to a subject equally delicate & disagreeable. It is my duty\n            to add, that bills have returned protested to the amount of 3000 Dollars.\n          This conduct, though I trust proceeding from no ill motive in the Collector, is of a\n            nature so fatal to the punctual collection of the revenue, and at the same time so\n            vitally injurious to the public credit, that I cannot forbear to submit it as my opinion\n            that the public good requires the superceding of the officer.\n            With perfect respect &c. &c.\n            Alexander Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0157", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 10 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia february 10. 1794\n          The bill, drawn by Edward Church on the Secretary of State and accepted by me, amounts\n            to one hundred and fifty pounds sterling. The\n            Secretary of the Treasury is disinclined to pay it out of the monies in his hands. I\n            must therefore request you to give an order for the payment, out of the contingent fund\n            at your disposal. The form of the Order may be somewhat in this\n            shape. \u201cThe President of the U.S. desires the Secretary of the Treasury to cause a bill\n            of exchange, drawn at Lisbon, on the 19th of October 1793 for one hundred and fifty\n            pounds sterling, by Edward Church in favor of Jacob Dohrman & comp.; and accepted by\n            the secretary of State in behalf of his department on the 10th of January 1794, to be\n            adjusted and paid out of the contingent fund at his disposal. If the forms of the\n            Treasury department require any further document from the President, he wishes it to be\n            prepared and sent to him for his signature.\u201d I have the honor,\n            sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0158", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Karl August Freiherr von Wangenheim, 10 February 1794\nFrom: Wangenheim, Karl August Freiherr von\nTo: Washington, George\n            Erlang[en, Germany] 10th February 1794.\n          To receive a letter from the other part of the world, and written by a youth, who has\n            nothing yet done in the world to be known by, You, Sir! You will perhaps be very wonderd\n            at. But I believe it is enough to be excused to send You a letter, being a man like You\n            form\u2019d by the same Creator and having the design to be usefull to You, Sir, and Your\n            Country, and if it was possible to all mankind. Without preface, excepted this, that\n            all, what I\u2019ll make, is founded in the convictiveness, You are a\n            great and very honourable man, I shall tell You, Sir! what is the design of this letter.\n            Since some years it is a speculation of many betrayers, to give out themselves as\n            Emissarys, sent by the united States of North-Amerika. They persuaded many peopel by\n            very splendid conditions, to go with their littel fortune to Amerika. Commonly they\n            bring them till Tuchland, and after this, it is known, that the pretended emissarys,\n            partly rob\u2019d them of the last reste of a very littel fortune, who did believe to be very\n            near Amerika, and the end of their misfortunes, partly not content to have stolen, this\n            poor men, did bring them yet in the hands of So\u27e8u\u27e9l-Sellers at Tuchland. You will know\n            Yourself, Sir! how prejudicial such tricks can become for the good name of the united\n            States and their politicks. It is very naturally, that by such trifly cases, likewise\n            the true and usefull proposals, concerning good conditions for such persons, being\n            willg, to till some yet uncultivated places of the united States, shall not be accepted,\n            because every body fears to be betray\u2019d. From this motive, I believe it will not be\n            disagreeable to You, Sir! that I tell You with all particulars the history of such a\n            trick in the paper adjoyned, if this matter, to discover the tricks of such raskels and\n            to give to Your Emissarys or avertissements, more infallibel signs, which could not be\n            obnoxious to errour, seems You worthy to take care of it.\n          This, Sir! is the first and most uninterrested motive of this letter, but I have yet an\n            other, what is not so without all interest for my own person.\n          You will read in the description of the trick of the pretended Colonel Pearce, that I\n            myself would go in the service of the united States of North-Amerika. Now this Colonel\n            is escaped, but my wishes to set out from Europe and to live in a free Country, has\n            settled itself in my mind. If You, believe, Sir! that a good natured Youth, who has some\n            parts and the best will to become usefull to the Republick, can receive the permission\n            to go in the service of the united States, I offer You myself to such a one. I am not an\n            adventurer, who is in need to leave his fathers Country; I am not without fortune, and\n            without all views to become forward at Europe, no, Sir! I have many favourabel views for\n            it; I have a father, who is in the service of a good prince; I am a noble-man\n            (Gentilhomme. You do perhaps not know in Your happy country, this word) and this is at\n            Germany a prerogative which procures many advantages, but all this my\n            circumstances to my fortune at Europe, I despise. I can not be happy, if I do not\n            become, what perhaps I would become once, by myself and my own few merits. Concerning my\n            principles of Moral I can not sell my parts and my life to a prince, because I should do\n            after this, not what I shall do by the laws of my reason, but what my prince did command\n            me for. I know very well that no body should speak too much from himself, but now I am\n            indeed in the case, to begin with speaking of myself because necessary I must be known\n            by You, Sir! I am the eldest Son of Charles Wangenheim, who is Major in the service of\n            the Duke of Saxe-Gotha. Three of my brothers are in the service of the King of\n              Borussia. I could likewise have a military place in the same\n            service, but I did not like to fight against the French people, from whom I believe they\n            are in the right. I prefer also the proposal of my father, to become a Lawyer. But,\n            dearest Sir! the justice is blind at Europe, and I like very much to see with open eyes.\n            Since half a Year, therefore I did more cultivate, the english and french languages,\n            Mathematics and Philosophy, than the old Roman laws, which however I did not neglect.\n            That are allready my bussiness at the University at Erlang near Nurnberg in Franconie,\n            and I will yet stay a year longer. I can not pretend, that You, Sir! shall believe me\n            upon my word, but certainly You do know some person at Germany, from whom You are\n            persuaded, that he is a honourable man. Let me be put on the proof Sir! by such a one,\n            and if he finds, that I could be usefull to You and the Republick, give me a place, and\n            with it the happyness to live in a free State, and to have nothing other heads, than\n            virtue and my duty. Procure me, Sir! the place of a Lieutnant, that I have some fixt\n            views, tell me, what I should learn the first, and if You believe that it should be\n            better, I remain yet, upon my own expences, a year at Europe, for learning all, what You\n            believe usefull and necessary. Should You find after this, that I could be more usefull\n            to the Republick in a other place than a military function, I shall surely all do, what\n            You proved that it is the best.\n          If You can not procure me a settlement in the free State, at least be so kind to give\n            me in a few words an answer, that You will not be offended by my good will. With the esteem, I have every time for a virtuous man, I shall remain\n            for ever Sir! Your\u2019s\n            Charles Wangenheim", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0159", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Uriah Forrest, 11 February 1794\nFrom: Forrest, Uriah\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] 11th Feb. 1794.\n          The only apology I have to offer for obtruding the within paper, is, that, the author\n            has particularly requested me, to present it to you, in the hope & expectation it\n            will be sanctioned, with your Signature. I have the honor to be\n            with all Possible respect, Your most obedient humble Servt\n            Uriah fforrest", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0160", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 11 February 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n            War Department February 11th 1794\n          Please to Submit the enclosed letters from Governor Shelby and\n            Genl A. Campbell to the President of the United States. yours\n            Sincerely", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0161", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 11 February 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n            War Department, Feby: 11th 1794.\n          Please to submit to the President of the United States, the Letter from the Governor of\n            Virginia and the proposed Answer thereto\u2014The idea of the firing\n            of the Dedalus has been communicated by the Secretary of State.\n            Yours sincerely", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0162", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 11 February 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia, 11th Feby 1794.\n          In order to enable me to carry into effect your instructions for preserving the peace\n            and neutrality of the United States, within the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania, I was\n            under the necessity of establishing a Fort at Mud-Island, agreeably\n            to the intimation, which I gave you, in my letter of the Eighth day of July last. and, as the object of that establishment still requires my\n            attention, I have recommended it to the General Assembly, to make a legislative\n            provision, not only with respect to what has been done, but with respect to what it may,\n            in future, be necessary to do, in aid of those measures of the General Government, which\n            are referred to the agency of the Executive Magistrate of the State.\n          The exposed situation of the Western frontiers of Pennsylvania has, likewise, claimed\n            the interposition of the Legislature; and, it is probable, that, as an auxilary to the\n            force of the United States, three companies drafted from the militia will be stationed,\n            during the ensuing summer, in the frontier counties for the purposes of protection and\n          I have thought it proper, Sir, to make this communication; as well for the general\n            purpose of information\u27e8,\u27e9 as to obtain your sentiments on the subject. For, the\n            Legislature in adopting, as well as I, in recommending, the proposed arrangments,\n            certainly contemplate a re-imbursement of the expence which they occasion, from the\n            Treasury of the Union: and on this, and on every official transaction connected with the\n            General Government, it will give me sincere pleasure, to be honored with your\n            concurrence and approbation. I am, with perfect respect, Sir,\n            Your most obed: hble serv:\n            Tho. Mifflin", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0163", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edward Newenham, 11 February 1794\nFrom: Newenham, Edward\nTo: Washington, George\n            Dublin [Ireland] 11th Feby 1794\n          It is, in my mind, an Age since I had the Honor and the real pleasure of a Letter from\n            you\u2014on my part, nothing shall interrupt a Correspondence, that I so highly esteem, but\n            my Dissolution, or your deeming me unworthy of it.\n          The situation we are, & have been, in, for these three last years, in this Kingdom\n            has partly altered my Line of public Conduct, particularily as the People had obtained\n            those Laws for which I Struggled many years\u2014the Place\u2014the Pension\u2014& Responsibility\n            Bills; I found a Faction here (without the walls of Parliament) ready to reduce us to a\n              Colony of France, & hoping to devide both the Landed &\n            Commercial Property among themselves; Adoring true Liberty, I voted for Every Measure\n            tending to that blessing for 42 years in & out of Parliament, but the System adopted\n            by that Faction of an Agrarian Law, I could not accede to; they had proceeded nearly to\n            a Crisis\u2014of the Sword being Drawn & the Scabbard thrown away\u2014but the Existing Laws,\n            at length exerting themselves, Stop\u2019d their Career\u2014& to shew\n            the Hypocrisy of Some of these Men, it need only be mention\u2019d,\n            that they were the bitterest Enemies to American Freedom; their Late audacious (though\n            impotent) attempts in their public papers to traduce your Spirit & Memorable\n              Proclamation, & to Villify the Characters of Mr: Jay &\n            Mr: Jefferson, prove the badness of their heart, & their fixd Enmity to those\n            Virtues that adorn you & your Friends; was it possible, I should have deemed them\n            Pensioners of Duplain & Genet\u2014as well might a Regiment of the Roman Pontiffs\n            Soldiers attempt to take Giberalter by Storm, as That, Such Reptiles\n            Should Succeed in attacking the Character of George Washington.\n          According to present appearances the French are Every where Victorious\u2014Toulon\n            Evacuated\u2014Alsace releived\u2014Fort Louis blown up\u2014The Toulon & Lyannois Armies gone to\n            the Eastern Pyreneans must Subdue the Small force of the Spanish Dons\u2014in the western\n            Pyreneans they seem Victorious, & the Convention announce that Joudains Army is 3\n            Times as Strong as York\u2019s & Cobaugh\u2014the Invasion of England is announced in all the\n            Jacobin Speeches\u2014the Plunder of Proud London\u2019s Bank is beheld, as a matter of Course by\n            the San\u2019s Coulottes\u2014they announce 170 sail of Transports ready to Bring over their\n            Troopes; they declare that their fleet at Brest is 34 & our Channel Fleet, but 26\n            sail of the Line; that their fleet will, at least, prevent ours from disturbing the\n          All is Suspence in this Country 5 English mails due\u2014my hopes rest on the\n            Re-inforcements that may arrive to the Allied Armies before they risk a General Action\u2014I\n            think Cobaugh, like Sir Wm Howe, has made a Chain of Posts of greater Extent than from the Delaware to Statin Island\u2014but I\n            hope they have not a Washington to take another Trenton\u2014if they had, Cobaugh would be\n              Burgoynd, & the Duke of York\u2019s army forced to Embark or fly\n          our Parliament has been almost (5 members excepted) in Support of the present war\u2014the\n            best Freinds of Constitutional Liberty are of that Sentiment, but the Lower order of the\n            People (in this as in every other Nation) wish for a Change, yet they being Papists\n            abhor the Idea of the Destructions of Saints & Crosses\u2014they wish for a Change, in\n            order to get the Landed Property, & for this month past they\n            have openly wished for the Landing of the French.\n          My Agent, for 20 years, Mr Napper Tandy, has been accused of Sedition &\n            Conspiracy\u2014he is fled this Country & reported to be now in\n            Philadelphia or Boston, but I do not beleve it, as I do not see his Name announced in\n            your Papers\u2014his Co-partner Mr Hamilton Rowan was convicted of sedition, & instead of\n            Transportation is sentenced to \u00a3500 fine & 2 years Imprisonment\u2014had our Laws been\n            exerted to their Extent\u2014he would have been transported\u2014he is a Gentleman that I have the\n            highest respect for, but I do not Entirely agree with him in politics\u2014It is said that\n              Mr Napper Tandy against whom Some Charges have been made on oath,\n            is gone to America; he is an Intimate Freind of mine & my Estate Agent for many\n            years; I have a great regard for him, but differ from him in the Line of Politics he now\n          Every Question in our Parliament has hitherto gone unanimously, & it is probable\n            there will be but one division of any Consequence during this Session & that on the\n            Bill for the Reform of the Representation of the People; there are Errors in the present\n            Representation, but at this Crisis, it would be imprudent to agitate a Question about\n            which the best and most Virtuous & most Intelligent Men are devided.\n          our winter has been uncommonly fine, only 3 Days frost & Snow; the Sun in Great\n            Splendor almost half the Last 2 months; Vegitation very forward; Scarse any of the\n            Winter fodder has been used; a Great Stock of Hay remaining, so that, if we have a\n            tolerable Spring, it will fall to a Lower Price than it has been these ten years; the\n            wheat is very high above Grownd, & the fruit Trees pushing forward at least 20 or 25\n            Days Earlier than usual\u2014Were we to have ten years Peace, we should rival many Nations in\n            Wealth & prosperity, for the Land was improving to an amazing Degree, & our\n            Manufactures getting forward & Trade encreasing.\n          I have this moment read the F\u0153deral News Paper; Mr Genets audacious publications,\n            demands punishment, & the Conclusion of his Letter to the Attorney General, Evinces\n            a Resolution to Stir up Troubles in the united States, but the good Sence of the\n            Americans will never be warped from their own happiness & Interest by French\n              Finesse\u2014After making Enquiries for near 3 Months, I find our\n            worthy Freind, the Marquiss La Fayette is alive & well, but Still (most improperly)\n            a Prisoner\u2014My Letters, though sent open, are not allowed to be forwarded to him.\n          It is reported, that the Duke of york is to return to England; in my mind, he was too\n            young & too unexperinced to command Such an Army, & in such a situation, where Battles were weekly fought, & where\n            long Experience only could secure Success; it is a matter of the last Importance to\n            England, that the French should be Checqud in that Quarter, for if they defeat York\n            & Cobough, they will overun Holland & Lower Germany; Jourdains Army is\n            represented (as Double) to that of the Allies, besides the Reinforcements he Expects of\n            15000 Men from the Mozelle; Jourdain has been a most Succesfull\n            General, but he may Experience the fate of his Predecessors\u2014The Jacobin Club may grow\n            Jealous of him\u2014denounce\u2014Arrest\u2014and Guilaitine him\u2014As to the\n            Spaniards, they have fought very poorly this war, & though they have made some\n            Progress into Rousillon, I should imagine the Toulon\n            Conquerers will Burgoyne them; with Every Sentiment of respect\n            & Esteem, & most Sincere wishes for your health & Happiness I have to Remain\n            My Dear Sir your most Faithfull & obliged Humble Sert\n            Edward Newenham\n            Lady Newenham, who is just recoved from a Severe Cold, joins me in best respects to\n              Mrs Washington & your family.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0164", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 11 February 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n            Mountvernon Feby 11th 1794\n          I Recevd your letter of the 3rd Instant with Mr Howel Lewiss Draught on Mr Ross which\n            he acknoledgs to pay within the time limmited.\n          I have paid Mr Dulany for Mrs French & Taken his Rece[i]p[t] as you directed\n          Mr Stewarts Daughter at River farm is Dead\u2014she died Last thirsday night & that is\n            the Reason he gave in no Report for last week.\n          The new barn is not yet done, but Green Sais that they will Git it done next week\u2014but I\n            doubt it\u2014they go on Very Slow with thare business Green him Self has been Very \u27e8u\u27e9nwell\n            for some Time & Still Continues so\u2014and I find him But a Very trifling person at\n            best, and not fit to have the Charge of hands\u2014but If he was Turned off I do not know\n            whare to Git a Man to Soply his place & the negro Carpenters Could not Go on with\n            the Business with out some person to durect them\u2014your House\n            & stable In Alexandria wants a Good deal of Repairing & the fence is quite\n            gone\u2014And as your Carpenters have a Great deal of work to do on your farms\u2014I thought I\n            would Mention to you that I thought, prhaps it would be Better to hire Carpenters at\n            town to do the work\u2014and for this Reason, Green is fond of drink & So are all your\n            Carpente[r]s\u2014that I am affraid that as they would have it In their power to Git it often\n            they would neglect thare work worse than do hire[.] you will please to direct what you\n            think best in this matter\u2014the Swamp at dogue Run is so full of water that thare Can be\n            no work done in it, nor on the new Mill Race\u2014I have got the Ditchers a Giting of post\n            & Rails to make up the fence that Runs up from the mill. I\n            am Sir with the Greatest Respect Your Humbl. Servt\n            William Pearce", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0167", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Madison, 12 February 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Washington, George\n          Mr Madison presents his respectful compliments to the President, and begs leave to lay\n            before him the inclosed letters, on behalf of a candidate for a vacancy in the\n            Custom-House Department in Virginia. Mr M. being a perfect stranger to the candidate can\n            add no information whatever of his own. He knows Mr Maury well,\n            and considers his recommendation as respectable.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0169", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Burgess Ball, 13 February 1794\nFrom: Ball, Burgess\nTo: Washington, George\n            Leesburg [Va.]-\u201313th Feby 94\n          I recd yours a few days past mentiong that you had procured the Clover Seed for me, and\n            that it wd be forwarded as soon as the Ice wd permit. As I have\n            troubled you so far, I wd take the liberty of requesting you\u2019ll be so good as to procure\n            & send me 2 or 3 Bush: of the Chocolate Shells such as we\u2019ve frequently drank\n            Chocolate of at Mt Vernon, as my Wife thinks it agreed with her better than any other\n              Breakfast. I hope you\u2019ll excuse my thus troubling you, as I\n            know not how else we can procure it. We recd the Braceletts &c. for which Fanny is\n            greatly obliged to Mrs Washington for her trouble in gettg made &c. I have sent down but 13 Bush: of B: wheat, the Thaw havg come on just as\n            I had set in to hauling. It shall all be down as soon as possible. I am Dr sir Yr Affect. Hble servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0170", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Henry Knox, 13 February 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Knox, Henry\n          By the President\u2019s order Bw Dandridge has the honor to return to the Secretary of war\n            the letters and enclosures from Gov. Blount which have been submitted to the Presidts\n              perusal; and to enclose, at the same time, a Letter from the\n            Gov. of Pennsylvania to the President, with a request that the Secretary will report to\n            the President his opinion on the subject thereof.\n            Bw. Dandridge", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0171", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Lee, 13 February 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            13th feby 94 Richmond [Va.].\n          This evenings post from Norfolk has brought information of the arival of a french fleet\n            in Hampton Road with much european intelliga[n]ce.\n          My letr from Col. Newton I think proper to enclose (having not time to prepare a copy)\n            that you may be possesd of the most accurate information on the subject, within. I have the honor to be with unceasing affection & perfect\n            respect your ob: st", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0172", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Lee, 13 February 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            Richmond [Va.] febry 13th 94\n          Some time ago on a rumour that the collector for the rappahannock district was about to\n            decline his office I took the liberty to bring to your view Mr Francis Brook as a\n            gentleman extremely well qualified in my opinion for that office.\n          I mentioned then the reasons which influenced my judgement & inclination, &\n            will not now detain your time by a repetition of them.\n          Persuaded you will consult the public good entirely in the appointment, I am satisfied\n            that Mr Brook will not escape your attention if on full enquiry you\n            consider him most proper & on no other p[r]inciple do I commend him to your\n          I had the honor to receive your letter in reply to mine just before your return to\n            Philadelphia; & will when a fit occasion offers again trespass on your\n              indulgence.\n          Permit me to congratulate you on the return of your natal month & to wish you every\n            happiness this world can afford. I have the honor to be sir with most affec: respect\n            unalterably yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0175", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 14 February 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] February 14. 1794.\n          I have the honor to submit a letter from major general Wayne of the 10th of last month\n            with a number of enclosures which has been just received. I have\n            the honor to be Sir, with the greatest respect Your most obedt Servt:", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0177", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 14 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n            Gentlemen of the Senate,\n            United States February 14. 1794.\n          I nominate Edwards St Loe Livermore, of New Hampshire, to be Attorney for the United\n            States in the District of New Hampshire; vice Samuel Sherburne junr resigned.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0178", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 15 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Knox, Henry\n          Dear Sir,Phila. Feby 15th\n          You mentioned in the conversations, which I have lately had with\n            you on the subject of Mr Jay and Mr King\u2019s letter to me, of the 27th of last month, and\n            particularly in what passed between us on thursday, that they had repeatedly declared,\n            that they never considered that letter, as an official one; that on\n            the contrary they had intended it, as a mere private one; and that they did not in the\n            most distant manner contemplate or design to give offence to me, or to wound my\n            feelings, by the language or matter which it contains. Thursday,\n            after repeating the foregoing, you added that those gentlemen were desirous of having a\n            personal interview with me concerning the letter. I should therefore be glad to know, in\n            a line by the bearer, whether I am at liberty to act on the abovementioned\n            communications, as being made by you to me with their knowledge & approbation? Yours always & sincerely\n            Go. Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0180", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Samuel Magaw, 15 February 1794\nFrom: Magaw, Samuel\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] Febry 15th 1794\n          In venturing to lay before You the discourse herewith presented; my diffidence is overruled, only by a Desire to pay some Tribute of Duty and Respect,\n            where much is owed. The instance, indeed, is, of itself, quite inconsiderable: Yet, it\n            appreciates in my view, as under the immediate direction of those Gentlemen, whose\n            sentiments I can with greater safety rely upon, than on my own. They have instructed me,\n            on this occasion: and they allow me the Honour of having this agreeable Communication\n            with them. I am, Sir, Your most obedient Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0181", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 15 February 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 15 Feb. 1794. [GW\u2019s letter to Pearce of 22 Feb. 1794 was misdated in Presidential Series 15 and will appear in Presidential Series 17 dated 22 February 1795. Because of this date change our assertion of a 15 February 1794 letter from Pearce to GW is incorrect.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0183", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Claude-Antoine de La Morre de Ville aux Bois, 15 February 1794\nFrom: La Morre de Ville aux Bois, Claude-Antoine de\nTo: Washington, George\n          15 Feb. 1794. Writes a lengthy letter\n            in French while at D\u00fcsseldorf, a German city on the Rhine River. Starts with a brief\n            synopsis of his military career, beginning with his 1774 enlistment in the G\u00e2tinais\n            regiment and his subsequent participation in the Revolutionary War, including the siege\n            at Yorktown in 1781, after which his regiment was renamed the Royal Auvergne. Describes\n            the causes of the French Revolution and the ensuing \u201cHorreurs! Brigandages! Massacres\u201d\n            that forced him and other officers of the French army to emigrate to German\n            principalities, where they joined the coalition armies in their fight against the French\n            Republic. Summarizes military battles over the past two years, and then laments the fate\n            of French emigrants if the republicans ultimately prove successful. Ponders the fate in\n            store for himself and other refugees since they are unable to return\n            to France, where their property has been sold or laid to waste. Closes with a plea for\n            assistance from GW and announces his intention to set sail for the United States in six", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0184", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 16 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia 16th of Feby 1794\n          Your letter of the 11th instant, covering the reports of the preceeding week, came\n            regularly to hand and gave me concern to hear of the death of Mr Stuarts daughter. What\n            was her complaint?\n          My intention, with respect to the repairs of my house in Alexandria, and inclosing the\n            lot, was, that every particle of the work, except putting it together, should be\n            prepared at Mount Vernon, & carried thither by Water; for sure I am, if the whole\n            was to be executed in Town that four faithful workmen would do more there in one week than any four of mine would do in a month. I expected that\n            Green, or some one that was a judge of work, would examine critically what was to be\n            done, that the whole might be carried on in the manner I have just mentioned. This as far as the dwelling house is concerned, has been done already;\n            but not I believe with the accuracy that is necessary to prevent mistakes. In truth, the\n            man who lives in it, ought, by his agreement, to have kept the house &ca in perfect\n            repair; for that is the only compensation he proposed (I believe) to make me for the use\n            of it and when I saw him last, in October, he told me that he had made a new door, or\n            doors, and some Sashes; and was going on with the work. It might\n            be well therefore, the first time you go to town, to examine minutely into the\n            matter\u2014see what he has done\u2014what he talks of doing\u2014on what terms\u2014and how far he may be\n            depended upon for what he engages; remembering always that the house must be in order by\n            the time you have been informed of. Whether this man (that is the tenant) is a joiner or house Carpenter himself, or not, I am unable to say: If the\n            former, and he is to be Depended upon, all you can get out of him, in time, by way of compensation for Rent, will be so much\n            saved to me; but nothing that is essential to the two houses, must be left to\n            uncertainties. Inclosing the lot in time is not quite so material; but let it be done in\n            a very substantial manner when ever it is set about; with such Posts & Rails (close\n            enough together) as will compleatly secure a garden, whenever it is converted to that\n            use, and not easily pulled down for firing. You might\u2014in order to know what the work can\n            be accomplished for, by hiring\u2014get a respectable workman of Alexandria to examine the\n            two houses carefully, set down every thing wanting to them\u2014and the lowest he will do it\n            for. I could, after receiving this, with your opinion thereupon, be better able to\n            decide whether to hire or employ my own people. This may also be done with respect to\n            enclosing the lot; though I conceive there would be more propriety in doing the latter\n            than the former, with my own Carpenters. If large & stout Cedar Posts, &\n            chestnut or Cyprus Rails could be bought reasonably it would be better than to get them\n            of Oak, from my own land, & let the estimate of the workman, you may consult, be\n            made on the supposition of their being so\u2014In wch case, it might be better to employ him:\n            for otherwise they would, more than probably be to be brought from Alexandria to Mount\n            Vernon & then to go back again, or my Carpenters must go there to\n            dress\u2014mortise\u2014& tenant them; which, as I have observed before, I am sure would\n            afford them the opportunity of being idle.\n          I am so well satisfied of Thomas Greens unfitness to look after my Carpenters, that\n            nothing but the helpless situation in which you find his family, has prevailed on me to\n            retain him \u2019till this time: but if you perceive more & more, as your opportunities\n            encrease, that he is not to be entrusted, you had better be looking out in time to\n            supply his place another year if there should not be cause to turn him sooner off.\n          When he has compleated the New Barn at Dogue run, let it be well cleaned out, & a\n            good lock put upon the lower door\u2014the Key of which either keep yourself, or order McKoy\n            never to let it be out of his own locked Chest. Then try how the treading floor will\n            answer the purpose for which it was constructed.\n          I perceive my Overseers are beginning to report the increase of Lambs this year as they\n            did last; by which I never know what they lose. Let them know it is\n            my expectation, that, every lamb that falls, and every one that dies in the week, and\n            what are actually in being at the time, is to be precisely set down. It is from hence\n            only I can form a judgment of their care and attention to them. According to their mode\n            of rendering the Account, I may, if an hundred Lambs fall in a week, and fifty of them\n            die, have an increase of 50 only in the report; and although this is true in fact, it is\n            by no means a fair\u2014or a satisfactory state of the case. The missing report of Mr Stuart\n            ought yet to come forward, otherwise there will be a gap, or break in them.\n          Whenever you shall have received the amount of Mr Lewis\u2019s order on Mr Ross, let me be\n            informed of it; because I shall then pay the money here.\n          Under cover with this letter you will receive, and I hope in good order, the White bent\n            grass seeds mentioned in my last letter; half an ear of very early ripening corn; the\n            Garden seeds written for by Ehler; and 4 kinds of seeds sent me by a Gentlemen in\n            England; some (or I believe all) of which came from the East Indias. In my last I gave directions concerning the Bent grass, and therefore\n            shall say nothing about it here: If the Corn is not planted where it can be protected,\n            it will all be eaten in its green state. The Gardener will see by the prices annexed to\n            the Seeds he sent for, how necessary it is for him to save his own Seeds, which I hope\n            he will do hereafter; and I desire he will take particular care of the other four sorts\n            of foreign seeds; two of which he will perceive must be sown in moist ground, or kept\n            moist after it is sown. Let him number the papers which contain these Seeds, and drive\n            stakes with corrisponding numbers by each kind, when sown, that he may be at no loss to\n            know them: Putting the papers as is usual, in a split stick by them, is apt to be lost;\n            or so defaced by the weather as to become, after a while, unintelligable; and then the\n            name will be forgotten: by the method I have proposed this cannot happen; On the papers\n            too may be noted the places where they are sown. I remain Your friend &ca\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0185", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 16 February 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n            North Carolina New Bern 16th Feb: 1794\n          I now do myself the honor to enclose to you the papers which I enformed you of in my\n            last letter respecting the Spanish brig St Joseph.\n          I likewise enclose you copy of a letter from Edwd Jones esqr. Atto. for the Spanish\n            Commissioners demanding from me a reimbursement of the monies expended by him as Atto.\n            for said Commissioners, in sending expresses, seeing lawyers &c. and also for me to\n            repay a deduction of a 3 P. Ct which he says the Marshal is entitled to under the laws\n            of the United States for safe keeping the money. As I did not conceive the instructions\n            which I had received authorized me to pay any monies whatever, or that by them it was understood the General Government would pay any other expences than\n            those which might have been incurred by the Marshall in guarding and securing the mony,\n            I wrote to Mr Jones to that effect, a Copy of my letter is also enclosed. I have the honor, &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0186", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 17 February 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 17 Feb. 1794. GW wrote\n            Pearce on 24 Feb. that \u201cYour letter of the 17th instant came safe.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0187", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 17 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia feby 17. 1794\n          The Secretary of State has the honor to inform the President of the United States, that\n            he received this morning from Mr Daniel Gaines, of Georgia, two letters offering\n            himself, as the successor of Major Forsyth, late marshal of that district. Mr Gaines refers to the Secretary, as knowing his character; but he\n            cannot call the gentleman to mind. The only thing, which occurs, is, that Mr Gaines is\n            probably a son of old Colo. Harry Gaines, of Virginia, who was formerly known to the\n            P.S. Since writing the above, the enclosed,\n              recommending Mr Watts has been received.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0188", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Abraham Baldwin, 18 February 1794\nFrom: Baldwin, Abraham\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia 18th Feby 1794\n          The office of Marshal in the district of Georgia being vacant by the death of Majr\n            Forsyth, I have been requested to submit to your consideration the names of the\n            following persons as candidates for that office.\n          In Savannah and its vicinity\n          John BerrienRichard\n            CarnesSamuel Hammond\n          In Augusta and its vicinity\n          Amasa Jackson Philip Clayton James\n            Mason Simmons Daniel Gaines Nicholas Bugg George Hull\n          The original letters on this subject I have not thought it necessary to transmit, and\n            have only to add that the Candidates are all personally known to me, and I shall be ready to give any information in my\n            power respecting either of them, should other information not be sufficient to determine\n            the President in the appointment. with the most profound\n            respect, I am sir, your obedient humble servant\n            Abr. Baldwin", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0189", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Daniel Carroll (of Rock Creek), 18 February 1794\nFrom: Carroll, Daniel (of Rock Creek)\nTo: Washington, George\n          Mr Mathew Bourne of the State of New-York has sollicited me to give him a line of\n            introduction, alledging that he has some private business with you\u2014I know nothing of\n            this person further, than that he has been here for some weeks past, and has found a\n            connection in the City on a scheme of carrying on the Lumber trade to a considerable\n            extent, and has left an application on that subject for the Commissioner\u27e8s\u27e9 at their\n            next meeting. I have the honor to be Sr with the greatest\n            respect, Yr Mo. Obt & very Hble Servt\n            Danl Carroll", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0190", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James McHenry, 18 February 1794\nFrom: McHenry, James\nTo: Washington, George\n            Fayetteville [Maryland] 18 Febry 1794\n          I have been requested by Dr Allison to mention to you Mr Robt McRea who removed some\n            time ago from Alexandria to Wilks\u2019s County State of Georgia as a very worthy person and\n            well qualified to discharge the office of Marshal which he understood was vacant by the\n            death of Major Forsyth. It appears also by information I have received from other\n            persons that Mr McRea is a good man who has experienced distress and has a large family\n            to support, and that he is fully equal to such an office.\n          The supposed successor of Mr Genet left Town early this morning for Philada under an\n            escort of light horse which he requested. I understand that he carefully concealed his\n            character and had no communication with the French consul. I hope\n          M. Genet is not to be the cause of further trouble to Government: but some think he\n            does not intend to return to France and that his Country will demand him from this.\n          The extraordinary cares you have lately experienced have made a very proper impression\n            upon the public mind in this quarter, in consequence of which the principal inhabitants\n            will celebrate the 22 at Mr Grants; notwithstanding what was done on the 11th.\n          I hope your hea[l]th enables you to meet the business you have to go through with some\n            degree of satisfaction. I am sure no one wishes for it more sincerely than I do. Altho\u2019\n            it is some time since I recovered from my fever yet my health is by no means what it was\n          I beg you to present my sincere respects to Mrs Washington and to believe me Sir your\n            James McHenry\n            The french merchantmen & other vessels of that Nation have received sailing\n              orders or rather orders to be ready to sail on the first signal.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0191-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Supreme Court Justices, 18 February 1794\nFrom: Supreme Court Justices\nTo: Washington, George\n            Sir,Philadelphia 18th Feby\n            Impressed with an opinion, that the most proper method of\n              conveying the enclosed representation to Congress, is through the President of the\n              United States; we take the liberty of transmitting it to you, and to request that you\n              will be pleased to lay it before them. We have the honor to\n              be, with perfect respect, Sir, Your most obedient, & most humble servants.\n            I certify the foregoing to be a true copy from the original.\n              Bw. Dandridge Secy to the Presidt of the U. States.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0192", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 19 February 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War department February 19th 1794\n          I have the honor to submit to your consideration the copy of a letter from the\n            Secretary of the Treasury enclosing a letter from Mr Habersham Collector of Savannah in\n            Georgia, and an Agent for the Treasury department in that State, relatively to the\n            supply of Rations there on account of the United States.\n          As the number of Militia in Georgia have very far exceeded the number permitted by you\n            on the 30th of May last, and as it does not appear by any\n            information received to be under the contemplation of the Governor of Georgia to reduce\n            them, it is hereby submitted whether a letter ought not to be written to him in the name of the President of the United States directing him to\n            reduce the number to be kept up at the expence of the United States to the One hundred\n            horse and One hundred foot permitted on the said 30th of May last, and that the latter\n            number be retained no longer than circumstances shall render indispensible.\n          That if a greater number be required the case must be stated for the consideration and\n            decision of the President of the United States.\n          That these directions be considered as conformable to the present state of things but\n            that if an actual invasion should take place the provisions contained in the\n            constitution must govern. I have the honor to be with perfect\n            respect Your obedient Servant\n            H. Knox.secy of war", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0193", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 19 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] Wednesday morning Feby 19. 1794.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of inclosing to the President the draught of a message upon\n            the Representation of the judges\u2014Two copies are sent by the judges.\n          He also forwards a letter from Mr Pinckney, received last night. The cyphered part will\n            be solved this morning; and it is hoped, that it will explain\n            something, which at present is unaccountable\u2014E.R. has a duplicate.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0194", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 19 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] Wednesday evening feby 19. 1794.\n          E. Randolph has the honor to inform the President, that the subjects within the\n            department of state for consultation, are\n          1.\u2003The form of a message, to accompany Mr Morris\u2019s letters.\n          2.\u2003Whether Mr Pinckney\u2019s last dispatches are to be communicated to congress? and how,\n          When E.R. came from the President\u2019s this afternoon, the office was shut; but he\n            purposes to notify the gentlemen, as he was instructed by the President for tomorrow 12\n            N.B. Perhaps a letter from Messrs Carmichael and Short, now under the decyphering\n              clerk, may probably make a third article of deliberation.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0195", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Francis Corbin, 20 February 1794\nFrom: Corbin, Francis\nTo: Washington, George\n            Virga. L\u27e8ane\u27e9ville Feby 20th 1794\n          The office of Collector on this River\u2014(Rappohannock) I am told, is vacant. A desire to introduce to the public service a man of long tried worth is\n            the best apology I can make to you, who are in the habit of rewarding merit, for my\n            requesting your patronage of Mr George Turner. He is desirous to supply the vacancy\u2014and\n            he is competent, in Ev\u2019ry way, to the discharge of his Duties should he be gratified\n            with the appointment.\n          His fidelity and Integrity, during thirty years Service in our family, has Endeared him\n            to the whole of it. His Virtues are notorious to the District in which he lives, and\n            need not the panegyric of any Individual whatever.\n          Permit me to add as a public Consideration, that all the Responsible part of my family\n            will become his Securities\u2014so that in case of a delinquency (which is almost impossible)\n            the Secretary of the Treasury will have more property to Resort to than he could have\n            under the appointment of any other person (who would solicit the office) on this\n              River. With Ev\u2019ry Sentiment of Veneration and Esteem I am Sir\n            Yr Mo. Obt Servt\n            Francis Corbin", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0198", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 21 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that Fauchet, and Petrie have\n            just this moment left him. They brought sealed credentials; but upon my informing them,\n            that an open copy was necessary for me, they will send it instante\u27e8r\u27e9. I am this instant at dinner; but shall wait upon you immediately\n            after\u2014They make the demand; but I told them, that the requisition\n            must be in writing\u2014They have a writing from the executive council to this effect\u2014I this\n            morning mentioned this subject again to the other gentlemen. But I have directed my\n            messenger to receive orders from Mr Dandridge, whether he is to proceed to summon the other gentlemen to your house immediately\u2014If you approve\n            of this, Mr Dandridge will only say to the Messenger to deliver the message Which I have\n            given him for the other gentlemen.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0200", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Newport, Rhode Island, Artillery Company, 22 February 1794\nFrom: Newport, Rhode Island, Artillery Company\nTo: Washington, George\n          The Artillery Company of the Town of Newport in the State of Rhode Island &\n            Providence Plantations, assembled on this day to celebrate the birth of the chief\n            magistrate of the United States, beg leave to present their congratulations and\n          Associated by principles which effected a glorious revolution, and laid the basis of a\n            free and permanent government, they contemplate with grateful emotions, the blessings\n            which have resulted from a prudent and efficient administration.\n          Enjoying the inestimable priviledges of freemen, they commiserate the unhappy state of\n            those who are in bondage, sympathize in the sufferings of those who are bravely\n            struggling in the cause of freedom, and cordially rejoice with those, who are successful\n            in regaining their rights: Equalized with their fellow citizens, they consider abilities\n            and virtue, the only qualities which deserve public estimation, and give preeminence to\n            a character; Influenced by these sentiments, they have presumed on this offering of\n            congratulation and respect, as the purest testimony of their attachment for\n            distinguished virtue; Humbly beseeching the Supreme Giver of all good gifts to continue\n            your life and public usefulness, and that they with their fellow citizens, may still\n            gratefully reciprocate the satisfaction resulting from a faithful discharge of important\n          Signed in pursuance of the unanimous resolution of the Artillery Company of the Town of\n            Newport February 22d 1794.\n            F. Malbone, Captain", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0202", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 22 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] Saturday 22d Feb. [1794]\n          E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that he will present Mr Fauchet\n            certainly at 12 o\u2019clock; at any rate rather before than after.\n          Colo. H. could not go over the whole; but he has agreed to look\n            at the parts, to which his attention may be arrested by my cross in the margin[.] To\n            morrow he will do this.\n          The message was advised, as it is now sent.\n          As my carriage is not in town, and Mr Fauchet has not one of his own, I mean to borrow\n            one; and to return his visit at 11 o\u2019clock at the city-tavern. From thence, we will\n            proceed to your house, at a quarter before twelve.\n          The form, which is submitted is the following:\n          1.\u2003to announce Mr Fauchet by name and description.\n          2.\u2003He will present his sealed credentials with those observations, which the occasion\n            may dictate.\n          3.\u2003The President will open them; and may either deliver them to me to read, or say,\n            that he is apprized of their contents.\n          4.\u2003Will it not be proper for the President, then to say, \u201cI receive you in the quality\n            of minister plenipotentiary of the French Republic\u201d: and to add any complimentary\n          5.\u2003This being interpreted to him, he will make a reply; which being communicated to\n            you, if you choose to say nothing more, we will, after a convenient pause, retire.\n          It is probable, that he may return to visit you among others on this day.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0203", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Thomas Johnson, 23 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Johnson, Thomas\n            Philadelphia Feby 23d 1794\n          Your letter of the 6th instant came Safe, but not until after it had lain many days in\n            the Post Office in Frederick Town, by the mark thereon.\n          Your consenting to remain longer in the Commission of the Federal District gave me much\n            pleasure; for although I have no doubt with respect to the accomplishment of the law\n            (establishing the permanent residence of Congress), nor of the\n            execution of the plan of the City; yet a great & sudden change of the Commissioners\n            appointed to conduct this business is not likely, in my opinion, to produce good, but on\n            the contrary, evil consequences. I am unwilling therefore to hazard any thing that can\n            be avoided on this occasion; especially at a time when matters appear to be progressing\n            fast to a favorable result.\n          Notwithstanding you have agreed to act longer under the Commission, than you had\n            intended, there will, nevertheless, be a vacancy; occasioned by the resignation of Doctr\n            Stuart; from whose last letters I have no expectation of his remaining in Office after your next meeting. With much\n            esteem & regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Affect. Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0204", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 23 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] Sunday morning 23d feb. 94.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that Mr Hammond replied\n            yesterday, that he had not received the definitive instructions, which he mentioned to\n            Mr Jefferson\u2014E.R. begs the President to send by the messenger\n            the decyphering of Mr Pinckney\u2019s last letter. The body of it has been copied; and the\n            other part is wished for the same purpose; that it may be ready for congress tomorrow;\n            together with copies of Mr Hammond\u2019s letter.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0205", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 23 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          E. Randolph has the honor of inclosing to the President the draught of a message for\n            the letters of Mr Pinckney, and our commissioners in Spain.\n          E.R. took occasion last evening, to introduce the President\u2019s invitation to the\n            minister Fauchet, omitting the consul, with a view to ascertain the participation, which\n            the latter may have in the functions of the former. It was quickly ascribed by them to\n            the established etiquette; without any title being urged on the part of the consul, from\n            the circumstance of having a diplomatic connection. But from the manner, in which they\n            spoke; from Petry\u2019s running before Fauchet in very confidential discourse; and from a\n            very animated contact between them, whether they had brought over a paper, which\n            belonged to the ministerial character alone; I cannot doubt, that they are\n              associated.\n          Fauchet did not see Mr Morris before his departure; barely gave a tolerable account of\n            his not doing so; was ignorant of the name of his residence; and almost of its position.\n            He Said, that he understood it to be in the country. This leads me to suspect, that some\n            thing is to come.\n          When Fauchet speaks of Genet, he slips over the instructions, which have been\n            published, as lightly as possible; saying, that whatever appearance of truth may be\n            worn, he knows nothing of their truth.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0207", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Burgess Ball, 24 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Ball, Burgess\n            Philadelphia Feby 24th 1794\n          I am glad to find by your letter of the 13th instant that the bracelets were received,\n          The chocolate shells which you request shall be procured and sent when the Clover Seed\n            goes, which I hope will now soon happen, as the navigation is\n            once more just opened; and because it is high time that both you\n            and my Manager had received the latter; that is the clover Seed. No\n            Vessel is yet up for Alexandria, but I am told two or three will soon Advertise for\n          We all join in best regards for Mrs Ball, yourself and Milly (if with you) and with very great esteem I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Affectionate\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0209", "content": "Title: From George Washington to James Muir, 24 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Muir, James\n            Philadelphia 24th Feby 1794\n          I have received your letter of the 12th instant, and will direct my Manager Mr Pearce\n            to pay my annual donation for the education of orphan children, or the children of\n            indigent parents who are unable to be at the expence themselves.\n          I had pleasure in appropriating this money to such uses\u2014as I always shall in that of\n            paying it. I confess, however, I should derive satisfaction from knowing what children\n            have, heretofore, received the benefit of it; and who now are in the enjoyment\n          Never, since the commencement of this institution, have I ever received the least\n            information (except in a single instance) on this head, although application for it to\n            individuals has been frequently made.\n          As you Sir, appear to be in the exercise of this trust\u2014let me pray you to have the\n            goodness to gratify this wish of mine. with respect I am\n            Reverend Sir Your most Obedt Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0211", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Charles Pettit, 24 February 1794\nFrom: Pettit, Charles\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia 24th February 1794\n          May I venture once more to approach Your Excellency, as disposer of public employments,\n            in the character of an applicant? May I, without the imputation of impertinence, venture\n            to suggest that my past services have given me some ground of claim to future confidence, especially when I can with truth say that altho\u2019 some of my\n            public employments have been among those which were reputed lucrative, and altho\u2019 I have\n            not squandered the emoluments of them in extravagance, I have not been enriched by\n              them? I have endeavoured to perform the duties to which I have\n            been called, with fidelity & consciencious integrity; but I have shunned rather than\n            courted that kind of popularity which usually excites public attention & eclat: I\n            have sought no station that I did not feel myself equal to the duties of, nor\n            endeavoured to supplant others in their possessions or just expectations. If I have been\n            supplanted in either of these respects, I have not deserved it. I have been no man\u2019s\n            enemy who was a friend to the common cause of the United States, nor joined in factions\n            to disturb the order of society, or to impede the administration of Government. Have I\n            been less assiduous than I ought to have been to obtain Your Excellency\u2019s favorable\n            attention? It has happened from a desire to avoid intrusion, and not from a failure in\n            respect for your character and station. Have I neglected to approach you through the\n            application of friends? I did not suppose such aids necessary; and perhaps a tincture of\n            pride may have had its influence. I have long since heard through a channel that claimed\n            my belief, that my name was on the list of those who were considered as worthy of\n            employment, and I would rather owe an appointment to the spontaneous choice of your\n            Excellency than to the solicitation or even the suggestion of others.\n          But permit me, Sir, to suggest, that life is fast wearing away; that under an\n            expectation which I had hoped was not wholly without foundation, I have brought myself\n            to a situation in some degree dependant on public employment by devesting myself in a\n            great measure of all engagements which might interfere with the exercise of it; and that\n            at my time of life I cannot with facility again enter into pursuits for its support,\n            which at an earlier period I abandoned at the public call. Had I been as fortunate as\n            some others in establishing an independancy of labor by the means thus put in my power,\n            the honor rather than the emolument, would have been the primary motive to a tender of\n            farther service; but as I am now circumstanced, I will not pretend to conceal that the\n            latter has become the stronger motive, tho\u2019 the former is not at all diminished by\n          Report has for some time past announced the probability that a vacancy will happen, by\n            promotion, in the office of Post-Master General. The Duties of that office are far from\n            being unknown to me, as well from some experience acquired in the early part of life, as\n            from considerable attention paid to the conduct of it since the Revolution; and if I did\n            not believe the business to be perfectly within the compass of my abilities, I would not\n            offer myself a candidate for it. But in a thorough confidence\n            that I am equal to the execution of the Office to the satisfaction of your Excellency\n            and the public, I venture to ask it, with that high degree of deference and respect with\n            which I am, and always have been Your Excellency\u2019s most obedient and most humble", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0212", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 24 February 1794\nFrom: Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth\nTo: Washington, George\n          I cannot find words to express the just sense I have of the many obligations I am under\n            to you, nor how sensible I am of the very great honour you have conferred on me by your\n            confidential Letter of the 22d: of last Month. Of all the public offices in our Country\n            the one you mention to me is that which I should like best to fill; except in case of a\n            general War, when if other matters would admitt, I should prefer being in the field; and\n            tho I am sensible I should appear to great disadvantage in an office which had been so\n            ably filled by General Knox I should by close application and undeviating Integrity\n            endeavour to apologize to my Country for your choice. Entertaining these sentiments,\n            judge of my mortification when I am constrained to declare that circumstances not in my\n            power to controul will prevent my accepting the offer your partiality for me has induced\n            you to make. Your goodness to me, and the many proofs I have received\n            of your friendship require me to be explicit in my reasons. Soon after the conclusion of\n            the War, Land & Negroes in this State, sold at a very high rate, far exceeding their\n            real value. At that time tempted by the offer of a long credit, and mistaken in my Ideas\n            with regard to the annual profit of such property, I became a considerable purchaser;\n            and altho I have been assisted by a very lucrative profession in the practice of which I\n            have been fortunate, I still remain very considerably in debt; so much so, that if I was\n            to relax for some time to come in paying the closest attention to my private affairs,\n            inevitable ruin would follow. Mrs: Pinckney & her Brother\n            & Sister have large demands on some persons in Georgia who are endeavouring to use\n            every subterfuge to secrete their property & to avoid paying what they owe; her\n            Brother is in Europe, and her Sister\u2019s Husband, Mr: Ralph Izard Junr:, is of so indolent\n            a temper that the attending to this business of necessity devolves on me, and was I not\n            to go to Georgia sometimes, particularly in April & November to watch over her\n            affairs, her property there would be lost, and instead of protecting I should in fact\n            sacrifice her interest. All the Children I have alive are females, it is therefore a\n            duty I owe them to leave my affairs as little perplexed as possible; and from the best\n            consideration I have been able to give these affairs, it will take me at least two years\n            so to arrange them as to permitt me safely to be absent from them. These reasons and a conviction that no man ought to be in high office whose affairs\n            are entangled and embarrassed, tho his property if sold may be much more than sufficient\n            to pay all he owes, compell me to decline the high honour you intended for me; at the\n            same time permitt me to declare that if it was not for these circumstances, I would most\n            readily avail myself of your friendship & partiality, and should you, when my\n            affairs are in a more pleasing train, & I can with propriety dispense with an\n            immediate attention to them, think fit to require my services in any way in which you\n            may judge me qualified, I will most chearfully serve; for tho I am very fond of and\n            prefer private life, & shall be forty Eight Years old tomorrow, I am too much\n            flattered by your indulgent opinion not to wish to take a part in your\n              administration.\n          The purport of your Letter shall not be communicated by me, that the Gentleman who may\n            be nominated for the Department may have the pleasure of thinking that he was early\n            designated for the appointment. With the\n            sincerest gratitude I remain Your affectionate & devoted hble Servt\n            Charles Cotesworth Pinckney\n            Your Letter was not handed to me till last Thursday or it should have been sooner", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0213", "content": "Title: Proclamation on Violent Opposition to the Excise Tax, 24 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n          By the PRESIDENT of the United States of America.A\n            Proclamation.\n          WHEREAS by information given upon oath, it appears that in the night time of the twenty\n            second day of November, a number of armed men having their faces blackened and being\n            otherwise disguised, violently broke open and entered the dwelling house of Benjamin\n            Wells collector of the revenue arising from spirits distilled within the United States,\n            in and for the counties of Westmoreland and Fayette in the district of Pennsylvania, and\n            by assulting the said collector and putting him in fear and danger of\n            his life, in his dwelling house aforesaid, in the said county of Fayette did compel him\n            to deliver up to them his commission for collecting the said revenue, together with the\n            books kept by him in the execution of his said duty, and did threaten to do further\n            violence to the said collector, if he did not shortly thereafter publicly renounce the\n            further execution of his said office:\n          AND WHEREAS several of the\n            perpetrators of the said offence are still unknown, and the safety and good order of\n            society require that such daring offenders should be discovered and brought to justice\n            so that infractions of the law may be prevented, obedience to them secured, and officers\n            protected in the due execution of the trusts reposed in them, therefore I have thought proper to offer and hereby do offer a reward of TWO\n            HUNDRED DOLLARS for each of the said offenders that shall be discovered and brought to\n            justice for the said offence, to be paid to the person or persons who shall first\n            discover and give information of the said offenders to any judge, justice of the peace,\n            or other magistrate.\n          And I do hereby strictly charge and enjoin all officers and ministers of justice\n            according as their respective duties may require, to use their best endeavors to cause\n            the said offenders to be discovered apprehended and secured, so that they may be\n            speedily brought to trial for the offence aforesaid.\n          IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF I have caused the seal of the United\n            States of America to be affixed to these presents, and signed the same with my hand.\n              DONE at the city of Philadelphia the 24th day of February\n            one thousand seven hundred and ninety four, and of the Independence of the United States\n            of America, the eighteenth.\n            Go. WASHINGTON.\n            By the PresidentEDM: RANDOLPH.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0214", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 24 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that he last night received\n            several bundles from Mr G. Morris; all of them duplicates, except one No. 35 of his\n            letters. This number incloses so lengthy a correspondence between him and the Minister,\n              in French, that it will be almost impossible to have it\n            translated and copied to-day. The President will therefore determine, whether the papers\n            prepared, shall wait for those last mentioned; or whether they shall go in, with an\n            intimation of the others being in hand, to be forwarded, as soon as finished.\n          La Foret and Le Blanc are arrived.\n          Fauchet has delivered to Genet his letters of recal; and it is probable that Genet will\n            this morning surrender all the official documents. He is calm and composed, and means to\n            return to France to enter into the army.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0215", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Charles Simms, 24 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Simms, Charles\n            Philadelphia 24th Feby 1794\n          Near a month ago I wrote you to this effect, \u201cthat the letter therein enclosed to Mr\n            Keith furnished the means of discharging your claim upon me as Executor of Colvils\n            Will\u2014requesting you to deliver, or send it by a safe hand, to him\u201d. The letter for Mr\n            Keith contained a request of some papers to be forwarded to me which I then was, and\n            still am in want of.\n          Since writing these letters I have heard from neither of you. My letter to Mr Keith\n            contained bank notes & half a guinea to the exact a\u27e8m\u27e9ount of\n            your Account. No accident has happened to any of the Mails since that period; delay\n            therefore cannot be ascribed to that cause; & without it I am\n            at a loss to acct for his silence & would thank you for information. I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Obedt Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0217", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Christiana de Hanstein, 25 February 1794\nFrom: Hanstein, Christiana de\nTo: Washington, George\n            Your Excellence,\n            Unterstein the 25th of Febr. 1794\n          The Magnanimity of your Excellence encourageth me to write to You. My Father in the\n            last American War being one of the Party of the Loyalistes divers times put out of the\n            Possession of all that he had. Not only when he was taken Prisonner from his Enemys under Captain Jerey Wolf he was deprived of A greate sum of Money: and\n            at another time twenty Waggon Loden with Hemp was taken at the same time in Verginne,\n            the whole sum that he had lost is at least two Thousand pounds Sterling. The Parliament haveing concluded to pay all that the Loyalists have lost\n            in the American War I do most humbly beg your Excellence to write to me as an assurance\n            and to attest that all I deman is truly lost from my Father Stephen Wilkinson wich is\n          When Your Excellence will have the Gracious for me and reply what I beeg from Your\n            Excellence I shall witho\u27e8ut\u27e9 any difficulty receive from the English Parliamant the\n            payment of the sum my Father lost. You can be assurd for the benevolent favour. I am\n            Your Excellence Most humble Servente\n            Christiana de Hansteinborn Wilkinson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0218", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 25 February 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 25 Feb. 1794. GW wrote\n            Pearce on 2 March that \u201cYour letter of the 25th Ulto . . . came to hand this day.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0219", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 25 February 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n          In the Year 1791 Francis Child the comptroller of the state, by order of the Governor\n            and council lodged in the hands of William Skinner esquire commissioner of loans for the\n            state of No. Carolina, certificates to the amount of 409,570. Dolls. 17/100 the property\n            of the state in order to be funded, agreable to an act of Congress making provision for\n            the debts of the United States. in the same year and under the\n            same act of congress certificates to the amt of 22,415. dolls. 10/100 were lodged in the\n            hands of the said Commissioner by a certain Duncan McAusland and by him transferred to\n            the State of North Carolina. The Commissioner of loans has\n            uniformly refused to allow the said certificates in the whole amounting to 413,985 dolls\n            27/100, to be funded, agreable to the aforesaid act. The General\n            Assembly being of opinion that in this transaction the State has not received that ample\n            justice which she was entitled to under the act of Congress, have requested me to state\n            the facts to you, and to require that justice be done in the premises.\n          The legislature having been enformed at their last Session, that the Commissioner of\n            loans had, agreable to instructions from the Treasury department of the United States,\n            written his name or some other word on the face or back of the certificates lodged in\n            his hands by this state, which might tend to deface them, directed John Craven esquire\n              comptroller, to call on Mr Skinner and examine them, and if he\n            found them defaced or acted on in any manner by the said commissioner of loans, as might\n            directly or ultimately affect the interest or convey an insult upon the right or dignity\n            of the State to report the same to me as early as possible. Agreable to the directions\n            of the legislature the comptroller has waited on the commissioner of loans and requested\n            permission to examine these certificates which was possitively refused him by that\n            officer. I think it my duty to remonstrate to you against the proceedings of the\n            Commissioner of loans, in the present case for certainly the state has a right to be\n            informed whether the certificates tendered by the Comptroller had been defaced or\n            remained in the same situation as they were when lodged in his hands. I have further to\n            request that you will be pleased to cause an enquirey to be made into the conduct of the\n            treasury department respecting the certificates so that it may be\n            fully ascertained, whether or not they have been defaced or acted upon in any manner\n            that may tend to the injury of this State and if it shall appear to have been the case,\n            that you will cause such reparation to be made as will be consistant with justice.\n          Of the interest which has acrued on the Balance of the 2,400,000 Dollars assumed by the\n            state of North Carolina, but not subscribed under the act of Congress making provision\n            for the debts of the United States, no part has ever been received by this State the\n            General Assembly have therefore requested that I should demand payment of the amount of\n            the interest which has acrued to the State upon the said balance.\n          I enclose you a copy of the resolutions of the general Assembly on this Subject, and a\n            copy of the comptrollers letters to me informing me of the commissioner of loans having\n            refused him permission to examine the certificates. I have the", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0220", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Angell & Sullivan and Samuel Hanson, 26 February 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Angell & Sullivan,Hanson, Samuel\n          By direction of the President of the Ud States, I transmit you an advertisement of his\n            Jacks & Stud-horse; with a request from him, that you will be so good as to insert\n            it in your paper during four weeks\u2014omitting it one week & inserting it another\n              alternately.\n          The cost attending the above will be paid, as soon as made known by you. I am &c. &c.\n            Bw. Dandridge", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0221", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 26 February 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n            Gentlemen of the Senate,\n            United States 26. February 1794.\n          I have caused the correspondence, which is the subject of your resolution of the 24th\n            day of January last, to be laid before me. After an examination\n            of it, I directed copies and translations to be made; except in those particulars,\n            which, in my judgment, for public considerations, ought not to be communicated.\n          These copies and translations are now transmitted to the Senate; but the nature of them\n            manifests the propriety of their being received as confidential.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0223", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 27 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          The Secretary of State has the honor to inform the President, that it appears by a\n            letter, just received from Mr Latimer, the representative of Delaware, that the numbers\n            of distressed people from St Domingo in that State probably amount to about an\n              hundred. It is submitted to the President, whether it will not\n            be better to give a sum to them out of the remaining five thousand dollars, rather than\n            to disturb the distribution of the ten thousand, as already suggested.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0224", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 27 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          The secretary of State has the honor of reporting to the President on the letter of Mr\n            Short from San Lorenzo, of Novr 6. 1793, as follows:\n          The first paragraph, and several others succeeding, relate to the causes of delay in\n            the departure of Mr Blake.\n          The four marked thus (X) mention, that Spain has furnished a convoy to American vessels\n            against the Algerines; that the answer, promised by the Duke de la Alcudia, is not yet\n            given; and that there are some omens of a communication, being intended to be permitted\n            between the citizens of the U.S. and New Orleans. These the Secretary proposes to be\n            sent to congress.\n          Most of the remaining parts of the letter are upon the European War and politics; but\n            we have received later advices.\n          The last speaks of Colo. Humphries; and tho\u2019 it renders it certain, that he had not\n            quitted Europe, leaves it uncertain in what part of Spain he was, at the date of the\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0225-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 27 February 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            E. Randolph has the honor of transmitting to the President the extract of a letter,\n              which Mr Brown, of the Senate, has just furnished. He thinks, that he cannot commit it\n              to the public eye, nor would he wish, that it should be communicated to congress\n              officially. He means it only for the private information of the President; tho\u2019 he\n              does not object to its being spoken of, as intelligence, received from Kentucky.\n            \u27e8Since writin\u27e9g the above, Mr Brown has shewn me a letter from \u27e8the\u27e9 famous Dr\n              O\u2019Fallon to Capt. Herron, dated Oct: 18. 1793, It was intercepted; and he has\n              permitted me to take the following extract.\n            \u201cThis plan (an attack on Louisiana) was digested between General Clarke and me last\n              Christmas. I framed the whole of the correspondence in the General\u2019s name; and\n              corroborated it by a private letter of my own to Mr Thomas Pain, of the national\n              assembly, with whom, during the late war I was very intimate. His reply reached me but\n              a few days since, inclosed is the General\u2019s dispatches from the Ambassador.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0227", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Andrew Ellicott, 28 February 1794\nFrom: Ellicott, Andrew\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia Feby 28th 1794\n          With this you will receive a copper-plate map of the territory of Columbia, which I\n            find requires much larger paper than can be met with in this country, except amongst\n            drafts-men who have imported it for their own use. It would therefore be necessary if\n            the maps are intended for sale, to have some paper manufactured for that purpose of a\n            proper size. I am in hopes the map will be found sufficiently correct, however if it\n            should not, I have only to lament that it has been long out of my power to render it\n            more accurate, in consequence of the original, together with my field notes, being more\n            than a year ago privately carried away from the office.\n          Although being one of those with whom the City of Washington may be\n            said to have originated, I feel no desire of resuming my former station at that place,\n            being convinced from severe experiance that no mans reputation can be safe, when in the\n            power of men, who avail themselves of their right to censure, and remove from office,\n            without allowing the object of their resentment the benefit of a scientific enquiry. This has been my case; and nothing but a very extensive\n            acquaintance with gentlemen of letters, and competent judges of my professional\n            character, prevented its being sacrificed to the private, and I\n            may confidently add, misguided resentment of the commissioners\n            for the public buildings in the City of Washington, without, (so far as I can see,) the\n            possibility of redress. \u201cThere are some subjects so circumstanced, that time alone can\n            correct where man errs.\u201d I am willing to suppose my dispute with the commissioners are\n            of that class, and feel entire confidence, that the injustice which I have experienced,\n            will not only at some future period be manifest; but perhaps sap the foundation, and\n            injure the whole business of the City in its infancy.\n          I think it my duty for your own satisfaction, to assure you, that the accuracy of the\n            work is infinitely superior to any thing of the kind heretofore executed, and the\n            methodical arrangement of the papers in the Office was not any where exceeded, when the\n            commissioners for the second time, removed them for the City into Geo. Town! But\n            notwithstanding this systematic arrangement of the papers, it will be found impossible\n            for any person unacquainted with the detail of the business; however competent his\n            abilities might have been to the execution of the plan of the City, to take up the work\n            in its present state, and do justice to the public, and that part already completed. I\n            have mentioned this circumstance for the purpose of preserving the character of the\n            person who may be appointed to succeed me, and who will probably be charged with ignorance, and neglect of duty, on account of difficulties which\n            will naturally arise out of the present state of the work.\n          I trust that my attachment to the City of Washington will be sufficiently manifest,\n            when it is remembered that I declined entering into land concerns with some of the first\n            characters in the U.S., (which would before this day, have secured to me ease, and\n            independence,) for the express purpose of aiding an object, which I conceived of\n            importance to the union: In return I have experienced the weight of\n              private resentment, exercised officially by the commissioners,\n            for the purpose of injuring my professional reputation!\n          I am informed that Mr Dalton is about resigning the office of Treasurer to the Mint. If\n            this information should be true, I shall take the liberty of offering myself as a\n            candidate for that appointment, and from the following consideration, (Viz.,) having\n            undertaken to publish a Map of the U.S. I should thereby be enabled, tho\u2019 the salary is\n            small, to discontinue my vocation for the present, which obliges me not only to be\n            generally from home; but likewise to prolong the completion of that important work: And I do not apprehend, that the business in the mint can possibly\n            require so much time, as to preclude an attention of two, or three hours every day, to\n            the compilation of the Map. With sentiments of gratitude for the klnd attention which I\n            have received from you, I am Sir, Your Hble Servt\n            Andw. Ellicott.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0230", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James McGowan, 28 February 1794\nFrom: McGowan, James\nTo: Washington, George\n            Doun [Scotland] 28 February 1794\n          I beg your pardon for using the freedom of writing you about the following business. My\n            Brother The Revd Mr Walter McGowan late Rector in the Parish of St James\u2019s in the County\n            of Ann Aroundal in the Province of Maryland N. America died on the 4th May 1786\u2014He was\n            married to a sister in Law of Colonel John Winyess at or near the place where my Brother\n            lived. I understand his wife is also dead, and I suppose her friends will be entitled to\n            the one half of the subjects left by my Brother, But as to this you know better than I\n          In the month of October 1786 I sent over a Power of Attorney to William Stewart Esquire\n            Merchant in the City of Annapolis in the Provence of Maryland\n            empowering him to be my true and lawfull Attorney for me and in my name to ask demand\n            sue for levy, recover and receive all such sums & sums of money, Chattles, Goods,\n            retale & Effects real and personal, and all other demands whatever which are or\n            shall become due owing pay[ab]le or belonging to my Brother within the Province of\n            Maryland or else where in North America.\n          This Power I granted him on the faith of doing Justice to me, and I never had the least\n            doubt but he would prove a faithfull Attorney to me seeing he was so very Kind as [to]\n            write to this Country to his Brother the deceased George Hoome late Esqr. of Argaty\n            saying that my Brother had left considerable sums of money, and that it would be my\n            Interest to send over a Power of Attorney to some Person or come over myself. This\n            Letter had no sooner arrived when the late Revd Mr James Smith Minister of the Parish of\n            Killmadock (in which Parish I reside) got a Letter inclosing another for me from my\n            Sister in Law Mrs McGowan offering me \u00a3500 Sterl. for my share if I choosed to take it,\n            altho\u2019 she had every reason to believe my proportion might be more, She having\n            understood that Mr Smith & my Brother having had a Correspondence which subsisted\n            betwixt them for several years thought he would get me advised to take the offer, But\n            having got a Letter from Mr Stewart saying that he recd my Power of Attorney I wrote my\n            Sister in Law I would not accept of her offer\u2014Which Letter of Mr Stewarts was dated 7\n            May 1787 saying that he had drawn for me Negroes & furniture wearing Apparel Watches\n            &ca (the wearing apparel Watches and a small sum of money I have received) \u00a3580\n            Currency, which he had ardvirtized for sale, except the wearing Apparel\u2014He having not\n            got the Inventary compleated could not precisely inform what would be my proportion but\n            from the idea that he had been able to form of it he thought I would have to receive\n            between \u00a31000 & \u00a31200 Str.\u2014From Letter of 25th April 1788 (which was the last Letter\n            I recd from him) he mentions amount of Inventary returned to Commissarys Offie\u2014\n              Amount of Debts upon Bond\n           besides the apparel & Cash\u2014From what I could learn from\n            his Brother Mr David Stewart who came to Britain for some time and\n            sometime after returned back to America I had reason to believe my proportion would amt\n            nearly to \u00a32000 Currency; however in this I may be misinformed, but as I have had no\n            Letters from him for several years past, and altho I have wrote him repeatedly will not\n            answer me a Letter, I have therefore every reason to believe he is using my property\n            himself, and does not intend to let me know any thing about it unless he is brought to\n            Account, which his Letters if produced will clearly show he is accountable to me for my\n            Negroes & Cash\u2014The Interest of the money will very near amount to the Stock, for he\n            at any rate has either disposed of the Negroes, or has them himself\u2014His connections and\n            acquaintances in this Country is surprised at his conduct, and every person who knows of\n            the business is of the opinion that he is using my property for his own purposes\u2014As I am\n            but a very poor man he thinks he may use me as he pleases\u2014I therefore was advised by the\n            Gentlemen in this place to Address you at present, as you have it in your power to do\n            something for me, and as my Brother was Teacher in your ffamily for several years you\n            will on his account give me some assistance as I am but a poor man weak in circumstance,\n            & having become old I am not able to support myself & ffamily\u2014If this you do it\n            will be a great service done me, If you speak to any other Gentleman in case it be not\n            convenient for yourself I will grant a new Power to him, or if Mr Stewart will account\n            for his Intremissions, or let me know what he had done I will allow him a suitable\n            gratifcation for his trouble out of the first end of the subject, But this I leave for\n            you to Judge\u2014I will be very much obliged to you to acknowledge the Receipt of this\n            Letter, and if you\u2019l do for me, and when you write direct to me James McGowan Residenter\n            in Doun by Stirling N. Britain. I am with the greatest respect\n            Honourable sir Your most obedt & very humle Servt\n            James McGowan", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0232", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 1 March 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Washington, George\n          When Mr Drayton of Charleston was here last Summer he told me that the true nankeen\n            Cotton was in So. Carolina. It appeared to me to be a valuable acquisition, and I\n            suggested to him the Expediency of planting it always at so great a Distance from other Cotton, as to avoid the Influence which many plants of the\n            same kind, tho\u2019 of different Species have on each other, when very contiguous. whether\n            that is the case with cotton, I am uninformed; having very little knowledge of it as a\n            Plant, or of its Cultivation.\n          I have just recd from Mr Drayton some of the seed mixed with the cotton\u2014I herewith send\n            you half of it\u2014Perhaps you have it already\u2014perhaps not. I think it worth having to those\n            whose Estates are in a Climate suited to its Growth. I suppose that to be the Case with\n            Mount Vernon\u2019s where you doubtless have a Gardener who will punctually observe your\n            Instructions respecting it. with perfect Respect Esteem &\n            Attachmt I am Dear Sir your obliged & obt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0234", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James D. Smith, 1 March 1794\nFrom: Smith, James D.\nTo: Washington, George\n            Germantown Farqr County Virginia 1st March\n          Will your Excelly pardon the freedom I have taken, of Addressing you, & of\n            inclosing a letter of introduction, from an Uncle of mine in Scotland\u2014who says he has\n            been acquainted with you, forty years ago\u2014I should have\n            delivered it Personally, but time will not permitt me to go so fare as Philidelpha\u2014&\n            as your return to Mount Vernon being uncertain has made me take this liberty\u2014I came into\n            this Country shortly after the close of the late war with Thomas Montgomerie Esqr. as an\n            assistant in the Store he keep\u2019t at Dumfries where I liv\u2019d for five years\u2014Afterwards\n            went to Richmond & liv\u2019d with my Cousin Alexander Donald for two years, &\n            return\u2019d again to Dumfries with a Small assortment of goods, but finding Trade dill, I\n            retired to this place, which I find much the same, & not likely to be better.\n          Being a Young man (& is now almost going idle) I wish to be in an actize life\u2014As\n            Congrass has proposed to raise a Body of Troops, I think that by joining them\u2014or any\n            other Line your Excelly may think proper under your Auspicious eye I can push my way\n            thro: the worald with all propriaty\u2014should your Excelly these requests\u2014I will immediatly\n            sell of all my property, Settle my Accts & with the greatest chearfullness Act as\n            you may be pleased to desire\u2014A letter Addressed to the Postmaster of Dumfries will be\n            thankfully received by him who has the honour to be with the\n            greatest respect & Esteem Your Excellys Faithfull Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0235", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Tilghman, 1 March 1794\nFrom: Tilghman, William\nTo: Washington, George\n            Chester Town [Md.] March 1. 1794.\n          I have the honor of forwarding the inclosed copies of Sidney George\u2019s bond to J.\n              West, & of two letters from Mr George Chalmers to me,\n            which I received a few days ago, by the December packet. Mr\n            Chalmers has been very obliging, & assiduous in searching for the bond, &\n            appears to be very honorable in his proposals of settlement\u2014I wait your instructions,\n            whether to desire him to send the bond to me, or to retain it in his hands till the\n            return of Peace shall make the conveyance less dangerous. I should suppose, that the\n            certified copy of the bond which is now in my possession, would be a sufficient voucher\n            to induce Mr George to make payment, without any writing of indemnifi cation. You will\n            observe that Chalmers authorizes me to draw for \u00a3100, tho\u2019 he seems confident that he\n            has paid the money. Perhaps it might be worth while to apply to the representatives of\n            Colonel Carlyle, to know whether his books or papers throw any light on this\n              transaction. I should rather think that it would be most\n            prudent not to draw on Chalmers immediately. If however, you should be of a contrary\n            opinion, you will be good enough to transmit me a writing of indemnity, to be forwarded\n            to him agreeably to his request. I shall return him no answer till I receive your\n            instructions on the subject. Meanwhile I have the honor of\n            remaining with the most perfect respect, yr obt Servt\n            Wm. Tilghman.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0237", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 2 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia March 2. 1794.\n          In your message to both Houses of Congress on the 5 of December 1793, you inform them\n            that \u201cthe vexations and spoliations, understood to have been committed on our vessels\n            and commerce, by the Cruisers and Officers of some of the belligerent powers appeared to\n            require attention\u201d: that \u201cthe proofs of these, however, not having been brought forward,\n            the description of Citizens, supposed to have suffered, were notified, that on\n            furnishing them to the Executive, due measures would be taken to\n            obtain redress of the past, and more effectual provisions against the future;\u201d and that \u201cshould such documents be furnished, proper representations\n            will be made thereon, with a just reliance on a redress, proportioned to the exigency of\n          On my succession to the department of State I found a large\n            volume of complaints, which the notification had collected, against severities on our\n            trade, various in their kind and degree. Having reason to presume, as the fact has\n            proved, that every day would increase the catalogue, I have waited to digest the mass,\n            until time should have been allowed for exhibiting the diversified forms, in which our\n            commerce has hourly suffered. Every information is at length obtained, which may be\n          The sensations excited by the embarrassments, danger, and even ruin, which threaten our\n            trade, cannot be better expressed, than in the words of the Committee of\n              Philadelphia. After enumerating particular instances of\n            injury, their representation to Government proceeds thus\u2014\n          \u201cOn these cases which are accompanied by the legal proofs the Committee think it\n            unnecessary to enlarge; as the inferences will of course occur to the Secretary; but\n            they beg leave to be permitted to state other circumstances which tho\u2019 not in legal\n            proof, are either of such public notoriety as to render legal proof unnecessary, or so\n            vouched to the Committee as to leave them in no doubt of the truth of them.\n          \u201cIt has become a practice for many of the privateers of the Belligerent Powers, to send\n            into Port all American Vessels they meet with, bound from any of the French Ports in the\n            West Indies, to the United States, and it is positively asserted that the owners of some\n            of them have given general instructions to their Captains to that effect\u2014And tho\u2019 many\n            of those Vessels have been afterwards liberated, yet the loss by plunder, detention and\n            expence is so great as to render it ruinous to the American Owner\u2014In many cases where\n            the Cargoes have been valuable, the owners of the Privateers after acquittal have lodged\n            appeals which they never intended to prosecute, but merely with a view of getting the\n            property into their hands upon a valuation made so unfairly, as to insure them a\n            considerable profit, even if they should be finally made liable.\n          \u201cFourteen days only are allowed to an American owner to make his claim which renders it\n            impossible for him except he is on the spot, and every difficulty\n            which a combination of interested persons can devise is thrown in the way to prevent his\n            getting security; and in few instances can it be done but by making over his Vessel\n            & Cargo to the Securities, and thereby subjecting himself to the heavy additional\n            charge of Commission, Insurance &c.\u2014it may be added that the most barefaced bribery\n            is sometimes practised to prevail on unwary boys or those who know little of the\n            obligation of an Oath to induce them to give testimony in favor of the Captors.\n          \u201cBeside the cases here enumerated the committee have information of a number of vessels\n            belonging to this Port, being captured, and carried into different Ports, but as the\n            legal proofs are not come forward they forbear to mention them.\n          \u201cIt is proper however for them to add that besides the loss of property occasioned by\n            those unjust captures & detentions the masters and crews of the Vessels are\n            frequently subjected to insults & outrages that must be shocking to Americans. Of\n            this the case of Captn Wallace is an instance, there are others within the knowledge of\n            the committee of which they only wait the legal proof to lay them before the\n          \u201cTo this list of grievances the Committee are sorry to find it their duty to add that\n            by reason of the vexation loss and outrages suffered by the Merchants of the United\n            States it\u2019s commerce already begins to languish, and it\u2019s products are likely to be left\n            upon the hands of those who raise them. Prudent men doubt the propriety of hazarding\n            their property when they find that the strictest conformity with the laws of nations, or\n            of their own Country will not protect them from the rapacity of men who are neither\n            restrained by the principles of honor, nor by Laws sufficiently coercive to give\n            security to those who are not subjects of the same Government.\n          \u201cThe Committee conclude this representation with an assurance that they have in no\n            degree exaggerated in the statement they have made, and that they will continue to\n            communicate all such information as they may further receive, of which nature before the\n            closing of this report they are sorry to add is that of the irruptions of the Algerines\n            from the Mediterranean in consequence of a truce concluded with that regency it is said\n            by the British Minister on behalf of Portugal & Holland\u2014This\n            alarming event to which some American Ships we hear have already\n            become Victims is of so distressing a nature as must soon deprive us of some of the most\n            lucrative branches of our Commerce, if not speedily checked or prevented. The immediate\n            rise it has produced in Insurance and the fears it may instil into our Seamen and\n            Commanders are of a nature highly deserving the serious consideration of Government, on\n            whose protection and zeal for the interests commercial and agricultural of the Country\n            the committee implicitly rely.\u201d \n          In a supplementary letter the Committee of Philadelphia, make this conclusion; [\u201c]that\n            the cases, which they recite, and others less formally announced serve to shew, that\n            there are frequent instances of suppression of papers, registers &c: very\n            prejudicial to our shipping\u27e8,\u27e9 on their trials, and of injuries\u2014by the destruction of\n            Letters, to the general correspondence of the Country with foreign nations.\u201d \n          When we examine the documents, which have been transmitted from different parts of the\n            Union, we find the British, the French, the Spaniards and the Dutch, charged with\n            attacks upon our Commerce.\n          It is urged against the British\u2014\n          1.\u2003That their privateers plunder the American Vessels; throw them out of their\n            cour\u27e8s\u27e9e, by forcing them upon groundless suspicions into ports other than those to\n            which they were destined; detain them even after the hope of a regular confiscation is\n            abandoned; by their negligence, while they hold the possession, expose the cargoes to\n            damage, and the vessels to destruction\u2014and maltreat their crews.\n          2.\u2003That British Ships of war, have forcibly seized mariners belonging to American\n            vessels, and in one instance under the protection of a Portuguese fort.\n          3.\u2003That by British regulations and practice our Corn and provisions are driven from the\n            ports of France; and restricted to ports of the British & those of their\n          4.\u2003That our vessels are not permitted to go from the British ports in the Islands,\n            without giving security, (which is not attainable but with difficulty and expense), for\n            the discharge of the Cargo in some other British or a neutral port.\n          5.\u2003That without the imputation of a contraband trade as defined by the law of\n              nations, our vessels are captured for carrying on a\n            commercial intercourse with the French West Indies, altho\u2019 it is\n            tolerated by the laws of the French Republic: and that for this extraordinary conduct no\n            other Excuse is alledged than that by some edict of a King of France, this intercourse\n            was prohibited\u2014and\n          6.\u2003That the conduct of the British Admiralty in the Islands, is impeachable for an\n            excess of rigor, and a departure from strict judicial purity; and the expences of our\n            appeal to England too heavy to be encountered, under all the circumstances of\n            discouragement.\n          Against the French it is urged.\n          1.\u2003That their privateers harrass our trade no less than those of the British.\n          2.\u2003That two of their Ships of war have committed enormities on our vessels.\n          3.\u2003That their Courts of Admiralty are guilty of equal oppression.\n          4.\u2003That besides these points of accusation, which are common to the French and\n            British\u2014the former have infringed the Treaty between the United States and them, by\n            subjecting to seizure and condemnation our vessels, trading with their enemies in\n            merchandize which that treaty declares not to be contraband; and under circumstances not\n            forbidden by the law of Nations.\n          5.\u2003That a very detrimental embargo has been laid upon large numbers of American vessels\n            in the French ports; (There is reason to believe that the embargo was removed in\n            December last, and the detention compensated by an order of the Committee of public\n            safety in France)\u2014and\n          6.\u2003That a Contract with the French Government for Coin had been discharged with\n            depreciated assignats.\n          Against the Spaniards the outrages of privateers are urged; and against the Dutch one\n            condemnation in the Admiralty is insisted to be unwarrantable.\n          Under this complication of mischief, which persecutes our commerce, I beg leave Sir, to\n            submit to your consideration, whether as far as facts may justify, representations ought\n            not to be immediately pressed upon the foreign Governments in those of the preceding\n            cases for which they are responsible. Among these I class, first the violences\n            perpetrated by public Ships of war; secondly prohibitions or regulations, inconsistent\n            with the law of nations; thirdly the improper conduct of Courts; fourthly, infractions of treaty; fifthly\u2014the imposition of embargoes; and\n            sixthly\u2014the breach of public Contracts. How far a government is liable to redress the\n            rapine of privateers, depends upon the peculiarities of the case. It is incumbent upon\n            it, however, to keep its Courts freely open; and to secure an impartial hearing, to the\n            injured applicant. If the rules, prescribed to privateers, be too loose, and\n            opportunities of plunder or ill treatment be provoked from that cause, or from the\n            prospect of impunity, it is impossible to be too strenuous in remonstrating against this\n            formidable evil.\n          Thus, Sir, have I reduced to general heads the particular complaints; without making\n            any inquiry into the facts beyond the Allegations of the parties interested.\n          I will only add, that your message seems to promise to Congress some statement upon\n            these subjects. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest\n            respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            True copyGeo:\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0240", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Muir, 3 March 1794\nFrom: Muir, James\nTo: Washington, George\n            Alexandria [Va.] 3d March 1794\n          I have been favoured with yours of the 24th February; and this morning have seen your\n            Manager Mr Pearce who discharged your annual donation for the education of Orphan\n            Children or of the Children of indigent Parents who are unable to be at the expence\n              themselves.\n          The object of this charity is very worthy, as it rescues from ignorance a considerable\n            number, and lays the foundation for their becoming useful Citizens.\n          I am sorry I cannot give you a particular account of this institution from its\n              Commencement. Mr McWhir who formerly had the direction of it,\n            has removed to Georgia and no record remains from whence I can draw any information. I\n            have reason to believe it was then conducted well. Mr McMath who taught the School was\n            an eminent Teacher and produced accurate scholars.\n          Since Mr McWhir went away the Academy has been on the wane, nor have the greatest\n            exertions of the Trustees been able to produce a Teacher for the Washington School of\n            any ability. Parents in good circumstances are unwilling that their Children should\n            associate with those of a lower Class. This operates against the Washington School, and\n            prevents its increase[.] Fifty Pounds alone will not procure the labours of an Accurate\n            Scholar. Mr McWhir had address to keep out of view that they were poor Scholars, beside\n            the whole direction of the Academy was in his hands. Since his\n            departure the Trustees have thought proper that each School depend on itself without any\n              Superintendent. The Consequence to the Washington School has\n            been unfavourable. A Twelve months advertisement in the Paper has not brought us an able\n          The Charity has certainly been useful:\n          J. Wiley went from this school, whose improvement has been such that Dr D. Stewart I am\n            told has employed him as a Tutor to his Children.\n          Thomas Sanford, son of a widow in Town has finished his education here with much\n          At present the school consists of\n          1\u2003John Smith, of indigent Parents, who is attentive, and makes progress.\n          2\u2003Thomas Lowe, an Orphan who improves.\n          3.\u2003Samuel Benton, his mother a widow, and indigent, his diligence is commendable.\n          4.\u2003John Carey an orphan.\n          5\u2003Henry Mars an Orphan. These two have attended Ill during the winter being badly\n          6\u2003James Grimes, of indigent Parents, he is regular in his attendance and studious.\n          7\u2003Thomas Pindal, his father dead, had fallen from easy to needy circumstances.\n          Farmer a Widow\u2019s\n          Both have made great progress in reading, writing and Cyphering,\n            and are very deserving.\n          10.\u2003Mary Stewart daughter of an Indigent widow, her progress is considerable.\n          11\u2003William12\u2003John\n          Moore children of a\n            widow beginning Spelling only, and their Letters.\n          13\u2003William14\u2003Benjamin\n          Morley, their mother a\n            widow a few miles from Town, the Children attend well, and begin to learn.\n          Such the present State of the School. The\n            above are all who have lately been there, Of that number four only are advanced beyond their Spelling-book. Application is now making to the Trustees\n            for the admission of two or three more.\n          I am sorry to say that the reputation of the School is not now, and has not for some\n            time been such as I could wish. The cause I have already discovered.\n          Great benefit have numbers derived from the School, and now derive, but by no means\n            such as ought to be. Painful is it to discover truths of this kind; nothing but your\n            express desire could now have induced to that discovery.\n          Could a way be devised for Clothing as well as educating these Children, and could a\n            person be prevailed upon, who is capable of Educating them, to attend to this, it would\n            bring the School into repute.\n          The Trustees will neglect nothing which may be in their power to promote it\u2019s\n            advantage.\n          I shall urge at the first meeting of the Trustees to Try the benevolent in Town to\n            Complete this institution, raising a fund to Clothe such as it may embrace: and rather\n            than allow the institution to continue in disrepute, I shall offer the Trustees to take\n            the School under my own immediate inspection, although Parochial duties have made it\n            convenient for some time past to decline Teaching I shall not think of inconvenience\n            where so excellent an object is in view.\n          courage in the field; wisdom in the Council, are advantageous to Society, but Charities\n            especially of this kind, have advantages which are of a very eminent and peculiar\n          Our Academy it is to be dreaded will come to nothing. The house is built on land\n            Subject to ground-rent. Considerable back-rents are due. The Trustees have no fund to\n            discharge these, or to prevented them from accumulating. The Price of Education of\n            itself is thought burdensome, and the Parents have expressed an unwillingness to add to\n            their expence, already too great, by contributing any thing for rent. The Proprietor\n            threatens to enter on the house to secure himself. Should he do so, the Trustees cannot\n            prevent him. This circumstance has discouraged the Trustees and weakened their\n            exertions.\n          What ever becomes of the Academy our attention to the Washington-School, shal\u27e8l\u27e9 be\n            unremitting\u2014Nothing in my power Shall be wanting, and I shall take care for the future,\n            whilst I continue a Trustee, that an exact statement of the school be\n            regularly sent you. With great respect your humble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0242", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 3 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] Monday Evening. 3d Mar. 94.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that he has shewn the draught of\n            the letter, to Colo. Hamilton who approved it, except in a word, or two. The commercial\n            resolutions being postponed to Monday, E.R. will take, with the President\u2019s permission, to morrow, in order to revise the letter, and examine some\n            fresh complaints, which have come in to-day.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0243", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the United States House of Representatives, 3 March 1794\nFrom: United States House of Representatives\nTo: Washington, George\n            Congress of the United States: In the House of Representatives,\n            Monday the 3d of March 1794.\n          Resolved, that the President of the United States be requested to cause to be laid\n            before this House, a statement of the gross sum of money, which has been advanced by the\n            United States, in making presents to the Creek and Cherokee Indians, since the treaty\n            made at New York; also, all expences incurred, and sums of money\n            expended in making the said treaty.\n            Extract from the JournalJohn Berkley\u2014Clerk.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0244", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 3 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n            United States 3d March 1794.\n          I transmit to you, an extract from a letter of mister Short, relative to our affairs\n            with Spain; and copies of two letters from our Minister at Lisbon, with their\n            enclosures, containing intelligence from Algiers. The whole of these communications are\n            made in confidence, except the passage in Mr Short\u2019s letter, which respects the Spanish\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0245", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 4 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia March 4. 1794.\n          I have to request you to issue a warrant on the treasury of the United States for the\n            payment of so much of the sum, voted for the relief of the inhabitants of St Domingo, as\n            you mean now to distribute. You will be pleased, sir, to\n            recollect, that you determined the other day to apportion ten thousand dollars only.\n            Since that time, a report has been made from Delaware, and an additional one from\n            Connecticut, which will probably render it expedient to take for the former five hundred\n            dollars, and for the latter One hundred dollars in addition, from the remaining five\n            thousand dollars. I beg leave to suggest the following form of a\n          United States March 4.\n          To the Secretary of the\n          Pay to the Secretary of State, in pursuance of the act providing for the relief of such\n            of the inhabitants of St Domingo, residing within the United States,\n            as may be found in want of support, ten thousand six hundred dollars; to be by him\n            remitted according to his report to me on the 27th day of february last, and his letter\n            to me of this date.\n          Given under my hand this fourth day of March 1794.\n          I have the honor sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0246", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 4 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia March 4th 1794.\n          The Secretary of State, having reviewed the Consular Appointments under the United\n            States, has the honor of reporting to the President, as follows.\n          1.\u2003The Consul at Falmouth in Great Britain, has been\n            commissioned in the name of Edward Fox; but he writes that his\n            true name, is Robert Weare Fox. He was promised by the Secretary\n            of State on the 12th of Septr 1793, that the error should be corrected.\n          2.\u2003A letter has been received thro\u2019 Mr Pinckney, from a very\n            respectable man in England; recommending a Mr Carpzaw, as a\n            proper person to be appointed a Consul at Bremen, one of the Hanseatic towns. It is\n            certain, that some trade is carried on from the United States with Bremen. But Hamburgh\n            where Mr John Parish is already fixed, as Consul seems to occupy the principal part of\n            our trade in that quarter; and until more accurate information can be\n            obtained, whether the connection requires a Consul, the multiplication of useless\n            Offices is of itself an objection. This Idea is confirmed by the opinion of an\n            intelligent Mercantile Man in the City of Philadelphia, who doubts the extension, if not\n            the continuance of our trade with Bremen.\n          3.\u2003In the Consular establishments the following vacancies\n            have occurred.\n          1.\u2003In Nantz by the resignation of Burral Carnes.\n          2.\u2003In Rouen by the settlement of Nathaniel Barrett at New York.\n          3.\u2003In Dublin, by the resignation of William Knox.\n          4.\u2003In St Domingo by the resignation of Sylvanus Bourne.\n          5.\u2003In Santa Cruz, by the resignation of James Yard; and\n          6.\u2003In Surinam by the abandonment of Ebenezer Brush.\n          It is submitted to the President, whether he will fill up the whole, or which of these\n              vacancies. An inquiry has been made into the necessity of\n            increasing our Consulates in France. But under the present circumstances, and when it is\n            probable, that new arrangements will be expedient, if the treaty of Commerce with that\n            nation should be remodelled; it is perhaps sufficient to do no\n            more, than to supply the existing deficiencies.\n            Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0247", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 5 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Jay, John\n            Philadelphia 5th March 1794.\n          I thank you for the Nankeen Cotton-seed with which you had the goodness to furnish me.\n            It shall be sent to Mount Vernon with orders to my Gardener to be\n            particularly attentive thereto, but with little hope, I confess, of success; that\n            climate & country being too high & cold for this plant.\n          The common cotten has frequently been tried on my estate, but hardly ever escaped the\n            frost, of either Spring or Autumn. In the lower parts of Virginia where the climate is\n            milder, and the soil has a larger proportion of sand in it, I have no doubt of its\n            answering; and, accordingly, will furnish a gentleman of my acquaintance (living in that\n            part of the state) with a few of the Nankeen Seed. With very\n            sincere esteem & regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Obedt & Affecte Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0248", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Henry Knox, 5 March 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Knox, Henry\n            United States 5. March 1794.\n          By the President\u2019s order Bw Dandridge has the honor to return to the Secy of War the\n            letter of mr Seagrove of the 25 Decr 93 with its enclosures. Some parts thereof\n            appearing to require particular attention, the President requests the Secretary to\n            consider what is proper to be done in relation thereto.\n            Bw Dandridge S.P.U.S.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0249", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Pendleton, 5 March 1794\nFrom: Pendleton, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Unwilling as I am to trouble you with Applications respecting the Appointments to\n            Public Offices, I feel it a duty I am inclined to fulfill, to mention my Nephew Mr\n            Nathaniel Pendleton, the present Fedral District Judge of Georgia;\n            who, having heard that you intended to supply the next Vacancy in the Supreme Court, by\n            appointment of a resident of that state, wishes to be considered as a Candidate for that\n            Office, and as such to be recommended to your notice. He\n            supposes that his only Competitor will be a Mr Houston, the State Chief Justice, before\n            whom he thinks he stands in Grade, and modestly wishes to be refer\u2019d to the Professional\n            Gentlemen acquainted with both, for information as to Their comparative legal Abilities,\n            & mentions amongst others Mr Baldwin, a Member of Congress from the State, as a good\n            Judge & has an intimate knowledge of both. Having thus\n            mentioned him, I have only to Add that I am far from wishing him Success, unless the\n            public good will be at least as well answered by him as another, but in that case shall\n            esteem the prefference to him as a Singular favor to Dr Sir, Yr mo. Affe. Obt Servt\n            Edmd. Pendleton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0250", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Charles Thomson, 5 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Thomson, Charles\n            Philadelphia 5th March 1794\n          Weeks have passed since I finished reading the first part of your translation of the\n              Septuagent; but having neglected (when I had the pleasure to\n            see you last) to ascertain the medium through which I was to return it, and being\n            unwilling to hazard the production to an uncertain conveyance, I give this letter to the\n            Post Office in hopes of its reaching you, & of my receiving the information\n              above. \u2019Tis unnecessary to add that with much truth I am\u2014Dear\n            Sir Your Obedt Hble Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0251", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 5 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n            Gentlemen of the Senate,\n            United States 5. March 1794.\n          I nominate Josiah Tatnall, of Georgia, to be Marshal of and for the Georgia District;\n            vice Robert Forsyth, deceased. and\n          Laurence Muse, of Virginia, to be Collector for the District of Tappahannock; and\n            Inspector of the revenue for the port of Tappahannock; vice Hudson Muse, superceded.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0252", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 5 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n            United States 5th March 1794\n          The Secretary of State having reported to me upon the several complaints, which have\n            been lodged in his office, against the vexations and spoliations on our commerce, since\n            the commencement of the European war; I transmit to you a copy of his\n            statement, together with the documents upon which it is founded.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0254", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Harriot Washington, 5 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, Harriot\nTo: Washington, George\n            Honord Uncle\n            Fredericksburg [Va.] March 5th 1794\n          It gives me pain to be obliged to apply to my dear Uncle, so soon after his kind\n              present, but embolden\u2019d by your affectionate letter, I venture\n            to ask you, if it is convenient, and you can spare the money, to let me have a peice of\n            linnen, some dimmity to make me petticoat\u2019s and a great coat, I have not had a great\n            coat since, the winter I spent at Shooters hill, mine is not entirely worn out, but it\n            is so small, that I cant get it on. I am not in immediate want\n            of the linnen, but Aunt Lewis think\u2019s as it will take me a good while to make it up that\n            if I could get it now, it would be better than some time hence.\n          Aunt Lewis join\u2019s me in love to you Aunt Washington and Nelly.\n            I am my dear Uncle Your affectionate Neice.\n            Harriot Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0255", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Henry Knox, 6 March 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Knox, Henry\n          By the President\u2019s order Bw Dandridge has the honor to transmit herewith enclosed, to\n            the Secy of War a letter from the Governor of North Carolina, to the president; and\n            sundry papers respecting the Spanish brig St Joseph. The\n            President requests the Secretary to do with them what may be thought\n            Bw Dandridge S.P.U.S.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0256", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 6 March 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War department March 6th 1794\n          I have the honor to submit the inclosed letter to Gove[r]nor Matthews relatively to the\n            Indians in his possession requested by James Seagrove\u2014Such other parts of Mr Seagroves\n            letter, as require any further measures, will be considered & the result submitted\n            to your consideration. I have the honor to be with perfect\n            respect Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0257", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Gordon, 7 March 1794\nFrom: Gordon, William\nTo: Washington, George\n            St Neots Hunts [England] March 7th 1794\n          Your benevolence is so well established, that no apology is needful for my introducing\n            to your notice, my friend the Revd Mr Hickman, who prefers living in a land of real\n            liberty to remaining in his native country, where there is little of it, though great\n            boastings about it.\n          Being at Cambridge the beginning of the week, a gentleman of my acquaintance, Mr\n            Flower, who has published upon the French Constitution of 1791, expressed his desire of\n            notifying his regard to You, by sending You his work, did he know of a conveyance. I\n            immediately told him that Mr Hickman would gladly take charge of it. He took the\n            direction where to order it, & I conclude that before t\u27e8h\u27e9is reaches Mr Hickman, he\n            will have received it.\n          I pray for your States as truly & steadily as an American, that you may be\n            succeeded in warring with the Indians, till you have a safe lasting & honorable\n            peace; & that You may be preserved from a war with G. Britain; but am afraid You\n            will be driven into it by our ministry. Should the French give the allies a good hearty\n            drubbing upon the \u27e8opening\u27e9 of the campaign, so as to leave no reasonable hope of its\n            being a successful one to the \u27e8mutilated\u27e9rates, the ministry may\n            accede to your just demands: for notwithstanding the contemptuous \u27e8mutilated\u27e9gard they cast upon the voice of the public, a war with America will\n            be so extremely unpopular, as to endanger their seats, which many think are more dear to\n            them than their country. Wishing & praying that your Excellency may live to see the\n            United States confirmed in the enjoyment of a safe peace with all the nations of the\n            earth, & in the possession of a plan that shall secure the liberties of America to the latest posterity, without exposing them to the wils of\n            hereditary power in a single State, or a single President; & then finish your race\n            with full glory, & remove to a better world through the merits of the Lord Jesus\n            Christ. I remain My Dear Sir Your Excellency\u2019s affectionate friend & humble\n            William Gordon\n            Mrs Gordon joins me in the preceding paragraph, & in most cordial regards to your\n              Lady, to whom Mrs Hickman will pay proper respect upon her arrival.\n            N.B. I shall enter my sixty-sixth year should I be spared till tomorrow. Am so\n              favored, as to be able to write without spectacles, & to read without any kind of", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0258", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 7 March 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n            Friday Evg 7 March 1794\n          Please to submit the enclosed letter from Genl Wilkinson of the 26th Jany together with\n            the papers accompanying it to the President of the U.S. Yours\n            sincerely", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0259", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 8 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 8th 1794.\n          The present situation of the United States is undoubtedly critical and demands measures\n            vigorous though prudent. We ought to be in a respectable military\n            posture, because war may come upon us, whether we choose it or not and because to be in\n            a condition to defend ourselves and annoy any who may attack us will be the best method\n            of securing our peace. If it is known that our principal maritime points are out of the\n            reach of any but formal serious operations\u2014and that the Government has an efficient\n            active force in its disposal for defence or Offence on an emergency\u2014there will be much\n            less temptation to attack us and much more hesitation to provoke us.\n          It seems then adviseable\n          1.\u2003to fortify the principal ports in the several States (say\n            one in each State) so as to be able to resist a merely maritime attack or anything but a\n            regular seige.\n          2.\u2003to raise 20,000 Auxiliary Troops upon a plan something\n            like the following (vizt)\u2014To be divided into 10 Regiments\u2014Each Regiment to consist of\n            two Batallions and of the following Officers & men-\u20131 Colonel 2 Majors 10 Captains\n            20 Lieutenants 2 Lieutenants & Adjutants 2 Serjeant Majors 40 Sergeants 4 Musicians\n            & 1000 rank & file. These Troops to be engaged upon the following terms\u2014to be\n            inlisted for two years, but upon condition, that if a war should break out with any\n            European Power, they shall be obliged to serve 4 years from the commencement of such war\n            upon the same terms as the Troops of the establishment\u2014To receive as a bounty Cloaths\n            with 12 Dollars \u214c Man\u2014To be under an obligation to meet 40 days in the year and 30 of\n            these days to encamp\u2014when Assembled to be paid Officers & men as the Troops of the\n            establishment and to have the same subsistence & rations. To be furnished with arms\n            & accoutrements by the United States, to be surrendered at the expiration of their\n            term of service.\n          The Officers in time of war to rank & rise with the Officers of the Military\n            establishment\u2014The arrangement to cease ipso facto\u2014at the expiration of a certain term\n            (about two years.)\n          The expence of these operations would be\u2014\n              For the Fortifications\n              For the Auxiliary troops \u214c annum \n          In addition to this, the Legislature ought to vest the President of the United States\n            with a power to lay an embargo partial or general and to arrest the\n            exportation of commodities partially or generally.\n          It may also deserve consideration whether the Executive ought not to take measures to\n            form some concert of the Neutral Powers for common Defence.\n          Mr Hamilton presents his respects to the President, submits to him some reveries which\n            have occupied his imagination. It may be interesting for the President to consider\n            whether some such plan is not demanded by the conjuncture of affairs & if so,\n            whether there ought not to be some executive impulse. Many persons look to the President\n            for the suggestion of measures corresponding with the exigency of Affairs. As far as\n            this idea may be founded, many important & delicate ideas are involved in the\n            consideration.\n          The pains taken to preserve peace, include a proportional responsibility that equal\n            pains be taken to be prepared for war.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0260", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Henry Lee, 8 March 1794\nFrom: Lee, Richard Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            Chantilly [Va.] March the 8th 1794\n          Not having enjoyed one days health since I had the honor of seeing you at Shuters hill,\n            and closely confined at home, I knew not until yesterday that Mr\n            H: Muse the Collector of Rappahanock had put his place in jeopardy by a conduct\n            certainly very full of danger to the public affairs. A young man\n            of the same name and family has requested me to lay before you the reputation for fitness rightly to discharge the duties of this Office that he has\n            acquired by doing the business of it for a considerable time past. That if you have not\n            one more worthy in view he may have a chance to find favor with you. Doctr Brokenbrough who lives in the Town where Mr Laurence Muse has kept\n            the Office and whose judgement and opinion, I think, deserve attention, writes thus to me. \u201cIf I had not been well satisfied of his merit, I\n            should not have taken this liberty; but I know him to be a young Man of strict\n            integrity, and that his abilities in this Line are at least equal to any persons on\n            Rappahanock\u201d\u2014My brother Frank of Menoken who is not much disposed to give characters writes me \u201cThis young man is generally very well spoken of,\n            particularly for his diligence and punctuality[.]\u201d It is true that I have not had much\n            business with him: but at such times he has appeared expert and clever. Were I called\n            upon to give my opinion concerning the late malversation in that Office, I think I could\n            venture to say that I judged this person to have had no concern in the affair. I have\n            spoken with him concerning his ability to give adequate security. Upon this point he\n            appears to have no difficulty.\n          I am very happy to hear of Genets recall. And hope it may prove a lesson to others,\n            however justified by instructions, or seeming to be so, that they may not with impunity\n            trample upon all the forms of decency and respect, that have hitherto been practised in\n          Is it possible that there can be any rational proof of the Court of London intriguing\n            with Algier\u27e8s\u27e9 and Portugal to hound out the former against our Trade. In any way that I can view the subject I cannot see the great interest\n            that stimulate a conduct so unjustifiable, so contrary to Neutrality, and at a peculial\n            crisis too, when our friendship not our enmity is to be desired. It is chiefly flour and\n            grain that are sent to the South of Europe, in which articles, I believe, we have not\n            the smallest competition with G. Britain. At the same time that the profits of this\n            Trade enable our Merchants to pay for the immensity of British Manufactures that Messrs\n            Jefferson & Madison say we import from thence. I confess that I do not by any means\n            approve the Trade resolves introduced to Congress by the latter.\n            They appear to me to be partial, very ill timed, and totally unnecessary. Because, the\n            fact, (admitting it to be one on which this whole Theory, is built,\n            and when by the bye Theories & the practise of Commerce have seldom agreed well) of\n            our Commerce being so very highly beneficial to G. Britain as is stated, this fact, from\n            the nature of things, must be continually increasing; so as to put the Gainers greatly\n            too much in our power to permit them the idea of refusing our reasonable desires.\n          And this without proceeding, at a time and in a manner, evidently to shew a prejudiced,\n            hostile temper of mind. But what astonishes me is, to see so many of our Virginia\n            representatives voting for this most pernicious policy! For certainly Virginia will feel\n            the ruinous consequences of this Crambo Trade fatally and quickly. I hope your goodness will excuse my writing so much on this subject\u2014The\n            plan has often engaged the public attention, and been generally reprobated.\n          The Newspapers tell us that the present Minister of France condemns in toto the conduct\n            of his predecessor, and in the same unlimited manner approves the proceeding of our\n            government, especially in what relates to our avoiding War.\n            That he is right in both these points is incontestable. But attending to all we have\n            seen, what consistent judgement can be formed to reconcile such contrarieties. There lay\n            aside the Crafty, deep and intricate politics that have distinguished the genius of\n            France thro all the Annals of history; by which she has duped so many Nations for her\n            own advantage, and to their great injury. I have never heared it denied or doubted but\n            that the instructions published by Genet were the genuine orders of his Masters, and\n            altho in his conduct you discover the furious Zeal of a mad Precursor, yet it is\n            impossible not to see thro the whole of the instructions the most decided determination\n            to push us into the War by every possible means. The words of the instructions are, \u201cWe\n            ought to excite by all possible means the Zeal of the Americans &c. &c.[\u201d] Fortunately, very fortunately for these States the Wisdom and\n            Patriotism, firmness & vigilance of our Government hath frustrated the destructive\n            design. But, is it possible that this Minister can speak the sentiments of his Masters\n            when he approves the condemnation of what they so warmly & evidently deserved. It is\n            here again lucky for us that we are fairly put upon our guard against all the Arts and\n            Detours of the subtlest policy. The success & happiness of the United States is our\n            care, and if the nations of Europe approve War, we surely may be permitted to cultive the arts of peace. And it is realy a happiness to reflect\n            that if War should befall us, our Government will not promote it; but give cause to all\n            who venerate humanity to revere the rulers here.\n          I beg leave to present my best respects, and those of this family to your Lady. I have\n            the honor to be dear Sir with the most respectful sentiments of affection & esteem\n            your friend & servant\n            Richard Henry Lee.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0261", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edward Newenham, 8 March 1794\nFrom: Newenham, Edward\nTo: Washington, George\n            Dublin [Ireland] 8th March 1794\n          The enclosed was left behind by the Captain of Ship, who promised to take it along with\n            the papers & Magazines, which I had the Honor to send you last February.\n          This goes by my Worthy Friend Mr Noble, who says he will have the Honor to deliver it\n            personaly to you; he is a Neighbour of mine, & of a most respectable Character.\n          God forbid that there should be a War between your Country & this; it would be a\n            Severe injury to both; I hope all concerned, on both sides, will act with that\n            Magnanimity which marked your Conduct on a Late occasion; I read all the Letters &\n            addresses, that passed on that Affair\u2014they are universaly admired.\n          The War on the Continent, in my humble opinion, will be decisive this year on one side\n            or the other; for Each are making their Utmost Efforts; France is Vastly Superior in\n            Numbers & Artillery & there are so many Strong Towns to take before an Enemy can\n            pene[t]rate into the Kingdom, that she may Still defy the Allies, if there are inward\n            Dissentions; we thought all the Royalists in Le Vendee were Exterminated, but by the\n            last papers it appears that 7000 of that Class of Men have rizen in Arms & were\n              defeated\u2014it Shews that there is a latent convulsion ready to\n            Break out, if Ever the Allies should prove Succesfull on the Frontiers.\n          It is thought, that, by this Time, the English are in Possession of Some of the French\n            West Indies Islands, & Stocks have rose a Little on that\n            Account; but in my opinion, it would be of more consequence to Great Brittain to have\n            Kept her fleet at home & sent her Soldiers to the Continent\u2014for should France\n            Succeed in Europe, all her Losses in the East and West Indies must be restored, as they\n            could not be withheld from her; I am astonished that the Empress of Russia has not Sent\n            a few Thousands of her Troopes by Sea to ostend.\n          By a letter I lately received from Germany I hear that our most Worthy Friend the\n            Marquiss Le Fayette is in health at Spandau & that the Marchiness is alive &\n            well at her house in Auverne.\n          our Parliament is near having done all Business in a Shorter Time than ever occurred\n            before\u2014all was Unanimous & firm in Support of the war\u2014there has been only 2 Debates\n            of any Consequence & the Minority very Small\u2014our Minister cannot get the Supplies in\n            this Kingdom under 6 \u214c Ct so he borrows in England at 5 & an annuity of 1 \u214c Ct for\n            15 years\u2014the whole Militia of this Kingdom are training & on Constant Duty\u2014for Government is preparing for Defence in case the French should\n            disturb us\u2014though almost all our Regulars are gone Either to the West Indies or\n            Flanders, which I think was bad policy.\n          A few Nights ago, this City was much alarmed; a fire Broke out Close to the Treasury\n            & record office, & which brought to our remembrance the burning of the\n            Parliament House, made us fearfull of a general Conflagration.\n            Wishing you every health & happiness of this Life, with Lady Newenhams best respects\n            to you & Mrs Washington I have the Honor to be with Every sentiment of Respect &\n            esteem Dear Sir your most faithfull & Affe. Hble Sert\n            Edward Newenham", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0263", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 9 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia 9th Mar. 1794\n          Your letter of the 3d instt is this moment received. The badness of the roads has\n            occasioned irregularity in the Post.\n          I approve your repairing my house in Alexandria with my own People (preparing every\n            thing that can be, at home) and of your doing it in the manner proposed; that is, to\n            board between the houses in a neat & workman like manner & to do the three sides\n            of the lot with White Oak Posts & Rails, well executed. Do not let the Posts be too\n            far distant from each other\u2014when this is the case the rails are apt to warp, & the\n            fence is weakened by it.\n          I am glad to hear that Green has, at length put a finish to the Barn at Dogue run\n              farm. I always supposed that shutters would be necessary to\n            keep the weather from the floors, in driving Rain or Snow, & for comfort when\n            working there when it is very cold; but these are soon done; and should be made to hang\n            on substantial iron hooks, that when light, or air is wanting, they may be raised up;\n            & hung to the foot of the rafters. If the windows below want shutters, the same may\n            be done, & hung to the joice. But shoveling the grain as it falls from the treading\n            floor, into the middle or octagon part of the building, will always preserve it from the\n            weather. I want much to know how this mode of treading wheat answers.\n          If you conceive the Lucern in the Spring lot will come to any thing, I am well content\n            that it should remain as it is, with the dressing you propose to give it. I directed\n            Seed to be saved last year from that which grew in the Inclosure opposite to it, but\n            whether it was done or not I am unable to say; if it was not I will send you two or\n            three pounds to sprinkle over the ground. Running a harrow over the lot backwards &\n            forwards, & every way in short, will do no injury to the Lucern as it has a long tap\n            root, but may tare weeds & grass up, and prepare it better for fresh Seed. The St\n            foin & India hemp may be sown in the lot which you have mentioned, as more secure\n            perhaps than the other, against Hares; but how they will be annoyed by fowls you can\n            judge better of than I. I wish to have the most that can be made of them.\n          It is very unlucky that the state of the Navigation has been such as to prevent my\n            sending you the Clover & other Seeds; a vessel is now up, & talks of sailing\n            this week for Alexandria, by which the things shall be sent. I\n            hope what clover seed you had (as you have pronounced it good) has already been sown on\n            the grain, as far as it would go, as was directed. I am Your friend &ca\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0264", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Famine Savoy, 9 March 1794\nFrom: Savoy, Famine\nTo: Washington, George\n            Monsieur\n            Philadelphie ce 9 Mars 1794\n          La Citoyenne Savoye jeune habitante & propri\u00e9taire du Capfrancais, m\u00e8re de deux\n            enfans l\u2019un \u00e2g\u00e9 de six ans et d\u00e9mi et l\u2019autre de quatre ans & demi mari\u00e9e \u00e0 un homme\n            dont la vue ne lui permet pas de faire le plus petit travail pour soulager sa\n            malheureuse famille se trouve dans la plus deplorable situation, il ne lui reste pas le\n            moindre moyen pour subsister avec ses infortun\u00e9s Enfans, la seule resource qui lui reste\n            est d\u2019avoir recours \u00e0 vous pour la tirer de la d\u00e9tresse o\u00f9 elle se trouve elle n\u2019a de\n            droit aupres de vous pour l\u2019autoriser a cette demarche que celle qu\u2019ont tous les\n            malheureux aupres des \u00e2mes g\u00e9n\u00e9reuses, la bonte de votre coeur dont vous ne cessez de\n            donner des preuves, lui fait esperer que vous voudrez bien avoir \u00e9gard a se pri\u00e8re, en\n            lui accorder quelques faibles secours pour lui \u00e9viter de mourir de faim et de mis\u00e8re\n            avec sa famille, elle n\u2019a \u00e0 vous offrir que le tribut d\u2019une reconnaissance proportionn\u00e9e\n            \u00e0 un pareil Bien fait et elle adressera au ciel les voeux les plus sinc\u00e8res pour la\n            conservation de vos Jours.\n            famine Savoy", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0265", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Spotswood, 9 March 1794\nFrom: Spotswood, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from Alexander Spotswood, 9 March 1794. GW\n            wrote Spotswood on 15 March that \u201cYour letter of the 9th instt is at hand.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0266", "content": "Title: Cabinet Opinion on Expeditions Against Spanish Territory, 10 March 1794\nFrom: Cabinet\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia, 10 March 1794]\n          At a meeting of the heads of departments, and the attorney general at the President\u2019s\n            on the 10th day of March 1794. The intelligence from Kentucky, and the territory no.\n            west of the Ohio, was laid before them; whereupon it was\n          1.\u2003that a proclamation issue against the expeditions, understood to be prepared in\n            Kentucky, for the invasion of the Spanish dominions.\n          2.\u2003that a representation be made to the governor of Kentucky, upon the subject of his\n            conduct, and giving information under proper guards of the steps, which have been taken\n            by government as to the Mississippi:\n          3.\u2003that a representation be also made to congress: and\n          4.\u2003that General Wayne be instructed to post if compatible with his other operations a\n            body of troops at Massac, in order to intercept by force, if necessary, any body of men,\n            which may descend the river for the purpose of the invasion aforesaid. From this fourth opinion the secretary of state dissents.\n            Edm: Randolph\n            Alexandr Hamilton\n            Wm Bradford", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0267", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Duane, 10 March 1794\nFrom: Duane, James\nTo: Washington, George\n          I reflect with the utmost sensibility on the frequent instances I have experienced of\n            your attention and benevolence, and particularly in the manner in which you was pleased\n            to confer on me the office of Judge of this district. It manifested a mark of your\n            esteem which I shall always prize as a distinguished honor.\n          The disorder which I contracted by a sedentary habit, the effect of close application\n            to business, is obstinately fixed in my stomach, and I have reason to believe that, if\n            at all, it can only be mitigated by a relaxation from sollicitude and by regular\n            exercise. I therefore propose to retire to my paternal estate where two of my children\n            are already established, and which is too remote, if my health should\n            be reinstated, to admit of the execution of any employment connected with even a\n            periodical residence in this city.\n          Upon these considerations, Sir, I most respectfully entreat your permission to resign\n            my office, and shall deem myself happy if it meets your approbation which to me is of\n            inestimable value.\n          The appointment of a successor not later than the middle of April when the season will\n            probably Favor my embarkation would be most convenient, and as soon as your pleasure is\n            intimated I shall forward my commission or a more formal surrender if necessary.\n          Permit me to add that however I may be disposed of, it will always be my fervent prayer\n            that you may long continue to preside over our country, in health tranquillity and\n            glory, supported by what you now so justly and eminently enjoy, the confidence\n            attachment and affections of a grateful people. I have the honor to be with the most\n            perfect attachment esteem & respect Sir your most obliged most faithful and most\n            obedient servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0268", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Gwinn, 10 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Gwinn, John\n            Philadelphia March 10th 1794\n          In due course of Post I was favoured with your letter of the 25th of Jany, with the\n            deed which it enclosed from Colo. Mercer & others, to me. This deed refers to a\n            Survey of the Manor of Woodstock (in the year 1782) and to a division thereof made by\n            Hezekiah Veatch, assistant Surveyor of Montgomery County, on the \u27e82\u27e9d day of January\n          The latter (in the body of the deed) is said to be recorded. It is essentially\n            necessary indeed that it should be so. But neither the original, nor a copy thereof was\n            forwarded to me. This induces me to give you the trouble of informing me\u2014whether the\n            above Survey of Mr Veatch is admitted to record; and, in that case, that you would be so\n            good as to furnish me with, either the original, or an attested copy thereof from your\n              Office. I am\u2014Sir Your Obedt Servant\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0270", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Robert Townsend Hooe, 10 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hooe, Robert Townsend\n            Philadelphia Mar: 10th 1794\n          To the best of my recollection, when you paid me for my flour of last year, you asked\n            the refusal of it this year.\n          By the report from my Mill, I perceive about 3,000 bushels of Wheat has been\n            manufactured; but how much flour it has made, and of what sort, I am yet to learn. If you incline to purchase what there is, let me know the best\n            price you will give; or to make the matter short, and to save time, you may have the\n            Superfine (if any is made) and fine flour at what they sell for in this market with a\n            deduction of the usual freight pr barrl from Alexandria to this place. The cash prices\n            in this City \u27e8are\u27e9\n          Two or three months credit I should not ob\u27e8jec\u27e9t to.\n          Your answer, as soon as it is convenient to you, will oblige\n            Dear Sir Your Obedient Servt\n            Go: Washington\n            P.S. I have more than what is mentd above to grind.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0272", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Officers of the Grand Bailiwick of Nassau, 10 March 1794\nFrom: Officers of the Grand Bailiwick of Nassau\nTo: Washington, George\n            Translation\n            Idstein near Maynz March. 10th 1794.\n          Mr Frederick Christian Wernecke, a Native of this place, late a Colonel in the service\n            of the United States departed this Life at Richmond in Virginia in the year 1783 and\n            left a very considerable Estate in that country, the Administration whereof was that\n            time granted by the competent public officer of that place.\n          The sisters & brothers of the deceased being his legitimate heirs gave a power of\n            attorney to Mr Leopold Nottnagel a Citizen and Merchant of Philadelphia authorizing him\n            to settle matters in their behalf and generally to manage their Interests as to that\n            Estate, but could not till now obtain the End desired, which could not but create\n            Suspicion in Their Breasts.\n          Now when in all cases, (which frequently occur) where Successions happen to escheat in\n            this Principality to Citizens of the United States, such Estates have been delivered to\n            them without the least difficulty; (as was lately done in the case of Mr Philip Henry\n            Knapp: the heirs of Mr Wernecke first above mentioned did in their Petition, a copy\n            whereof is annexed hereto, implore the Interference of This\n            Court praying to arrest and put under Sequestration all Property of that Kind belonging\n            to citizens of America to serve as Security for their indemnification, until their just\n            Claims to the Estate of the late Colo. Wernecke be discharged by legal Procedure.\n          This Court however forbore to the present granting their Request for the present being\n            fully persuaded, that the matter has never reached Your Excellency\u2019s Knowledge; but, as\n            we are bound in Duty of Office to befriend lawful Purposes of Supplicants by all means\n            in our power, we most humbly pray Your Excellency please to cause the necessary\n            Directions to be given conducive to promoting the final Settling of said Estate &\n            the Delivery of the same to the legitimate heirs of the deceased\n            residing at this place; as in the contrary case we shall see ourselves under the painful\n            Necessity, not only to put under Sequestration all Property of that Kind escheating in\n            this Country to American citizens but also to publish for the general Concern of the\n            German Empire The Rule observed by the Courts of Your Continent in that Respect.\n          Relying, however, on Your Excellency\u2019s well known and general Love of Justice We\n            confidently expect The most effectual measures will be the Result of Our present most\n            humble Application, offering Our best Services in the like occurrences, which to embrace\n            we shall be the more ready, as we shall Thereby be enabled to show by our Exertions The\n            unbounded Respect with which we beg Leave to remain Your Excy\u2019s most humble &\n            devoted Sevts\n            \u201cThe officers composing the Grand Bailiwickof the Principality of Nassow", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0274", "content": "Title: To George Washington from George Smith, 10 March 1794\nFrom: Smith, George\nTo: Washington, George\n            Galston Manse [Scotland] March 10th 1794\n          The subject of this Letter is a Gentleman, now no more Mr William Hunter a native of\n            this place, & who some time ago died at the Town of Alexandria. His Parents, though none of the richest, were as respectable, & as\n            highly esteemed as any in this Parish. Mr Hunter, whom I personally knew, & whose\n            good heart, & dutiful attention to his Parents, endeared him much to them, & all his ffriends, had for several years remitted Money for\n            their Subsistence, & had promised to relieve his Brother Mr John Hunter of some\n            incumbrances, which misfortunes in Trade, & his early Death prevented. In this\n            Country much has been said of his extensive Trade & opulence; but by any accounts\n            yet received, I am sorry to say that there appears little or no prospect of his\n            Relations deriving any pecuniary advantage, from all the property which He possessed, in\n            Land, Ships, Wharfs, Stock in Trade &c. &c. &c.\u2014It is asserted here on the\n            authority of his own Letters, that He had in property many thousands acres of Land &\n            some of which was well cultivated, & a House & Stores in Alexandria.\n          By some extracts from his Will\u2014It appears, that there was a\n            miniature picture of Himself, in Gold, a Lockett & two Gold Rings bequeathed to his\n            near Relations, none of which, nor his Watch, nor indeed the Smallest remembrance of\n            him, have reached this Country\u2014Even the Silver plate, he possessed, would be a\n            desireable acquisition to his ffriends\u2014your Justice, & the known Benevolence of\n            Character, have emboldened me to trouble You on the Subject, And as I am informed, that\n            Your Excellency had admitted Mr Hunter to habits of Intimacy with You, I hope that you\n            will take the trouble to cause any of Your secretaries enquire into his affairs at\n            others, as well as his Trustees, & report to You.\n          Afterwards I shall flatter myself, that you will send me any intelligence, that may be\n            for the information or advantage of his relations here.\n          It is said that Mr Hunter sold 5,000 acres of his Land, but a great deal must yet\n            remain. I have the Honour to be with much esteem of your elevated Character Sir Your\n            Excellencie\u2019s most obt & obliged humble Servt\n            George Smith.\n            Please address to Me Mi\u27e8n\u27e9ister at Galston By Kilmarnock.\n            P.S. Mr Hunter\u2019s address was William Hunter Junr\u2014This Letter is written at the desire\n              of his Brother Mr John Hunter my Parishioner\u2014and if your Excellency shall find that\n              there is any considerable Subject, remaining of his Brothers property (though for some\n              time lock\u2019d up) He would instantly embark for America, if your Excellency approved of", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0275", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Tilghman, 10 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Tilghman, William\n            Philadelphia 10th March 1794\n          Your favor of the 1st instt with its enclosures, I have duly received.\n          I shall, by this days Post, write to the representative of Colo. Carlyle (agreeably to\n            the suggestion in Mr Chalmers\u2019 letter) to know if he (Mr Herbert) can throw any light\n            upon the payment of \u00a3100 which Mr Chalmers conceives he must have made, on acct of Mr\n            Sidney George\u2019s Bond. When I receive the answer it shall be\n            forwarded to you. \u2019Till then, the draught on Mr Chalmers may be suspended.\n          I have no other object in this business than to bring every thing, which relates to it,\n            to a speedy & equitable close so far as it respects the parties interested; and to a\n            justifiable one, as it concerns myself. On these principals I should hope Mr George\n            would not require (having an attested copy of it) the original bond in the possession of\n            Mr Chalmers\u2014especially as the receipt for the money might recite a statement of the\n            fact, for his indemnification.\n          It is of moment, however, to me, to have it ascertained whether the sum of \u00a3100 recd by\n            Mr Chalmers\u2014& the bond due from Mr George for the payment of \u00a390 ought not to be\n            discharged with interest. The Administration accts which have been settled, will shew\n            that interest has been paid by the estate of Colo. Colvill (Miss Andersons is an\n            instance of it) and judgments in behalf of the estate have been obtained, in Virginia,\n            with interest. To act safely is all I aim at, for I neither gain\n            or lose by the transaction. I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Most Obedt & Very Hble Servant\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0276", "content": "Title: Cabinet Opinion on the Payment of the U.S. Debt to France, 11 March 1794\nFrom: Cabinet\nTo: Washington, George\n            At a meeting of the heads of departments and the attorney general, on the 11th\n            [Philadelphia, 11 March 1794]\n          It is advised unanimously, that Mr Fauchet be informed, that He shall be supplied with\n            the instalments, due in September and November next, according to the manner, expressed\n            in the report of the Secretary of the treasury to the President on this subject.\n          It is proposed by the Secretary of the treasury and of war, and by the attorney\n            general, that it be verbally stated to Mr Fauchet by the secretary of state, that\n            notwithstanding the desire of the President to accommodate his request, the situation of\n            the United States will not permit him to go farther, than as abovementioned.\n          The Secretary of state proposes, that an attempt be made to satisfy Mr Fauchet verbally\n            with the foregoing engagement; but if he does not relinquish his\n            application, that it be forwarded to congress.\n            Edm: Randolph\n            Approved\n            reserving the lastmentioned proposition\n              of the Secretary of State for further consideration.\n            Wm Bradford", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0278", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Maria I of Portugal, 11 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Maria I (of Portugal)\n            Great and good Friend\n            [Philadelphia, March 11, 1794]\n          It was with the most sincere pleasure, that I was informed by your Majesty\u2019s\n            highly-esteemed letter, of the addition made to your domestic happiness, and to the joy\n            of your Kingdom, by the birth of the Princess of Beira. This event, so interesting in\n            itself, is heightened by the favorable escape of the Princess of Brazil, from the danger\n            attached to it.\n          Your Majesty has a full claim upon the congratulations of the United States, in every\n            instance of your prosperity, from the noble and friendly part, which\n            you have lately adopted, by granting convoys to our Trade, against the Corsairs of\n          With the warmest hope, that the Amity, now subsisting between your Majesty and the\n            United States, will be perpetual, I pray God to keep you, Great and good Friend, under\n            his holy protection.\n          Written at Philadelphia the Eleventh day of March 1794. Your good Friend\n            Go: WashingtonBy the President of theUnited\n              States of America\n            Edm: Randolph \u27e8Secretary of State\u27e9", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0279", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 11 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia March 11. 1794.\n          The minutes, which were made yesterday at the conference in your room, did not permit\n            an insertion of the reasons, upon which my dissent from the fourth proposition was\n              founded. As I shall always contend, for what I conceive to be\n            the constitutional and legal powers of the government; so I beg leave to request, upon\n            this truly important subject, that you will suffer this letter to be filed away, with\n            the paper, containing the opinions.\n          My reasons against the instruction, advised to be given to general Wayne, to post a\n            body of regular troops at Massac, and by force, if necessary, to prevent the party of\n            Kentucky citizens, who are supposed to meditate an invasion of the Spanish dominions,\n            from proceeding, are the following.\n          1.\u2003Those troops were raised, and destined by law, exclusively for other purposes.\n          2.\u2003The law of the land, and not an army, is to be resorted to, for the punishment of\n            citizens of the U.S., who may be charged with crimes. Regular proof too ought to precede\n            punishment.\n          3.\u2003The sense of a committee at least of the senate appears to be the same; because a\n            bill is actually depending before them for giving the power to the President to use\n            military force on such an occasion. This would not have been necessary, if the power\n            existed already.\n          4.\u2003The present case is not an invasion from a foreign nation, in the grammatical, legal\n            or constitutional impo\u27e8rt.\u27e9\n          5.\u2003If it were an insurrection, the President is restricted by a law of May 2. 1792 from\n            interposing even with militia, except upon the application of the legislature or\n            executive of Kentucky.\n          6.\u2003The marshals and their deputies have the same power, as sheriffs, to call out the\n            posse comitatus.\n          7.\u2003If a combination to obstruct the laws be too powerful, the President cannot draw\n            forth even the militia, but upon a notifi cation from a judge of the supreme or district\n          8.\u2003If the blood of the citizens of Kentucky should be shed under the order, now\n            advised, it will I fear terminate in a revolt of that country, and a separation from the\n          9.\u2003The probability is, that the attempt, which was begun, is at an end, for the\n            present; and it is at any rate better to wait and see, what power congress may give,\n            rather than to hazard so doubtful an one on so critical an occasion. I have the honor,\n            sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0280", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 11 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] Tuesday. 11. March. 1794.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President of the U.S., that he saw Mr Brown,\n            of the senate, from Kentucky, yesterday afternoon: that Mr Brown informed him, that\n            O\u2019Fallon\u2019s letter in his possession, was the original; & that it was intercepted by\n            one of his correspondents in going from O\u2019Fallon to Capt. Herron. Mr Brown did not mention the name of Belli or Wilkinson, in connection with this\n            letter; nor did E.R. mention either of them to him.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0281", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Civis, 12 March 1794\nFrom: Civis\nTo: Washington, George\n          As a Citizen of the United States, anxiously observing their critical Situation, and\n            the hostile Measures pursued by one, at least, of the belligerent Powers\u2014being perhaps\n            more inclined to propose, than capacitated to suggest, the necessary Means of Relief, I\n            yet take the Liberty of addressing your Excellency.\n          Without further Apology, permit me to submit to your Consideration, the following\n            Propositions. viz.\n          1st. That an Embargo be laid upon all Shipping, & Exportations from the United\n            States, for the term of six months. 2d. That the Debts due [(]\n            Vattel Book 3d Chap. 5th \u00a7. 77.[)] from the Citizens of the U.S., to the Subjects &\n            Citizens of any of the belligerent Powers, be sequestered, or retained by Government, as\n            a Pledge for the Restoration of the Property spoliated, and for the Injuries &\n            Damages sustained by the Citizens of the United States, through any of the belligerent\n            Powers, contrary to the Laws of Nations, or to the Faith of Treaties. 3d. That the Citizens of the U.S. be required within a given, short time, to send forward to Commissioners to be appointed\n            therefor, their Estimates of Losses, and Damages, to be accompanied with the best\n            Evidences, which their Cases will admit of, in order that they may be arranged &\n            transmitted to Europe, as expeditiously as possible. 4th. That special Commissioners be\n            sent to the several belligerent Powers, for the purposes of\n            demanding in some Instances, and of stating in others, the losses & Damages\n            sustained by the Citizens of the U.S. through Infractions of the Laws of Nations, &\n            of assuring the said Powers respectively, of the pacifick Disposition of the United\n            States, and of their determination to continue their impartial Neutrality, so long as it\n            shall comport with the Honour of the Government, and the just Rights of the Citizens of\n            the united States. 5th. That a Demand of an imeadiate Recall of all Orders, which are,\n            or may be given to the Commanders of Ships of War, or Privateers, under the Authority of\n            any of the belligerent Powers, contravening the Rights of Neutrality, according to the\n            Laws of Nations, & that upon Refusal thereof, or upon the denial of Justice, in\n            regard to the Injuries already sustained, to notify to the respective Governments, that\n            the Government of the U.S. holds itself bound to its Interests, to retain the Debts due\n            from the Citizens of the U.S. to their Citizens or Subjects, for the Purposes\n            aforementioned, & to take such other Steps in the Premises, as their Honour &\n            Interest may further dictate. 6th. That one or more Commissioners be sent to the Nations\n            not engaged in the present War, for the Purpose of ascertaining, & vindicating the\n            Rights of neutral Nations.\n          By a Policy of the kind before suggested, It is apprehended, the United States will\n            gain Time, not only to recover their great Property, but numerous\n            Seamen now abroad, but will be enabled by the Events of the approaching Campaign to\n            judge with more Certainty, of the Measures proper to be pursued.\n          Time does not permit me at present, to enter particularly into the Reasons, upon which\n            the foregoing Propositions are grounded: It is, however my Opinion, that the Measures\n            suggested are purely defensive, & can in no Construction of them, be considered as\n            Acts of Aggression; but on the contrary result from the necessity of the case, & are\n            both just & prudent, & will probably unite the Sentiments of the commercial\n            Interest of the\n          U.S. With Sentiments of the highest Respect & Esteem: I am, your Excellency\u2019s most\n            obedet hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0282", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Gouverneur Morris, 12 March 1794\nFrom: Morris, Gouverneur\nTo: Washington, George\n            Sainport [France] 12 March 1794\n          I send you herewith a Duplicate of my last Letter in the close of which I mention my\n            Adherence to the Opinions exprest in my last but on recurring to my private Letter Book\n            which was not then before me I find that the Letter I there alluded to was written on\n            the eighteenth of October. It went by Captain Culver and has I hope arrived in due\n              Season. Every Day confirms what is contain\u2019d in that Letter:\n            but Parties are so ballanced, and the impending force from abroad is in such threatening\n            Attitude, that the present State of Things drags on it\u2019s Existence rather from\n            surrounding Circumstances than from internal Vigor\u2014And Strange as it may seem the\n            impending Change may arise from Victory or from a Defeat or from a famine.\n          The Gazettes tell us that Mr Jefferson is coming to Europe. Some of them say as my\n            Successor others say it is a secret Mission. I have heard it said that he is to\n            negotiate a Peace among the belligerent Powers. For my own Part\n            I hold in Politics the Opinions which prevail in Phisics among sound Philosophers viz.\n            that it is proper to determine Facts before we attempt to discover Causes. I wait\n            therefore patiently the Event. Major Jackson who has been here for some Time gave me two\n            Successors first Mr Bingham and then Mr Pinkney giving in the latter Case Mr Pinkney\u2019s\n            Place to Mr Bingham. So it is easy you see to fill up Vacancies.\n          The probable Events of the Campaign about to open are not favorable to the french\n              Republic. It will be extremely difficult for them to subsist\n            the Armies needful for their Defence and the extreme Severity exercised by the present\n            Government will in Case of adverse Events excite an universal Insurrection. At present\n            the People are restraind by Fear from shewing any Sentiment unfavorable to the existent\n            Authorities but, as is usual in like Circumstances, should that Fear be remov\u2019d it will\n            be succeeded by sharp Resentment. If however the Armies of the Republic should prove\n            successful they would in my Opinion be the first to overturn the Convention for such is\n            the usual Course of Things. A terrible Perspective this my dear Sir for those who are at\n            present in the Saddle\u27e8:\u27e9 no Wonder therefore if they ride hard. It is not the least of\n            their Misfortunes to be fully sensible of their Situation and it results therefrom that\n            as much Time is consum\u2019d in providing for their Defence against Adverse factions and\n            contingent Events as in preparing for the general Defence of the Country. More perhaps.\n            How different was our Situation in America. Every one perform\u2019d chearfully his Part nor\n            had we any Thing to apprehend but from the common Enemy. Such is the immense Difference\n            between a Country which has Morals and one which is corrupted. The former has every\n            Thing to hope and the latter every Thing to fear. Adieu my Dear Sir. May god in Heaven\n            bless and preserve and prosper you\n            Gouv. Morris", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0283", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Marie Madeleine Rossignol Bancio Pi\u00e9mont, 12 March 1794\nFrom: Pi\u00e9mont, Marie Madeleine Rossignol Bancio\nTo: Washington, George\n            Monsieur le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral\n            Philadelphia le 12 Mars 1794\n          Je me Serais fait un devoir et un plaisir de vous porter moim\u00eame le paquet dont Mr de\n            Gimat m\u2019avait charg\u00e9 pour vous, Si ma Sante ne m\u2019en eut priv\u00e9 dans ce moment. \u27e8m\u27e9ais ne\n            voulant pas diff\u00e9res plus long-temps ma Commission, j\u2019ai l\u2019honneur de vous l\u2019envoier.\n            j\u2019ai bien du regret de ne pouvoir pas jouir de celui de voir moi m\u00eame un homme tel que\n            vous, dont la m\u00e9rite reconnu de tout le monde lui \u00e0 fait une r\u00e9putation invariable.\n          j\u2019ai l\u2019honneur d\u2019\u00e9tre, Monsieur le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Votre tr\u00e8s humble ob\u00e9issant Servante\n            Rossignol Pi\u00e9mont", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0284", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 12 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] Wednesday 12. Mar. 94\n          E. Randolph has the honor of sending to the President a message to accompany the papers\n            from the Spanish commissioners\u2014Also the statement of general\n            officers in the government.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0288", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 13 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            The President of the United States.\n            [Philadelphia] March 13th 1794.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of transmitting to the President, a Letter on the subject of\n            Mr Fauchet\u2019s demand, with three opinions\u2014The President will be\n            pleased to say, whether the papers shall or shall not be prepared for Congress.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0289", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 14 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Commissioners for the District of Columbia\n          Gentlemen,Philadelphia, Mar. 14th\n          My object in giving you a sight of the enclosed letters from Mr\n            Ellicott, is merely to let you see the temper; and tendency of his views; and what may\n            be expected from his representations to others. After reading the letters, be so good as\n            to return them to me.\n              Fig. 1: Numbered lots on the west end of the District of Columbia, a detail of \u201cPlan of the City of Washington in the Territory of Columbia,\u201d as drawn by Andrew Ellicott and engraved by Samuel Hill of Boston in 1792. (See back endpapers; Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division.) GW ultimately purchased square 21.\n            Fig. 2: Numbered lots on the south end of the District of Columbia, a detail of \u201cPlan of the City of Washington in the Territory of Columbia,\u201d as drawn by Andrew Ellicott and engraved by Samuel Hill of Boston in 1792. (See back endpapers; Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division.) GW purchased square 667.\n          In September last, after having purchased four lots in Carrollsburgh (the doing of\n            which was more the result of incident than premeditation); and being unwilling from that\n            circumstance, it should be believed that I had a greater prediliction to the southern,\n            than I had to the Northern part of the city, I proposed next day (the sale being\n            continued) to buy a like number of lots in Hamburgh, and accordingly designated the\n              spot; but as little notice was taken of it then, and none\n            since, that I have heard; and as the sale to Greenleaf & others may have thrown\n            impediments in the way, I should be glad to know what my prospect is; adding, that I am\n            as ready to relinquish, as I was to imbibe the idea, of this purchase.\n          I had no desire at that time, nor have I any now, to stand on a different footing from\n            every other purchaser. It was, and certainly would be convenient for me to know if there\n            is a probability of my being accomodated agreeably to the enclosed from Mr Blodget;\n            first, because the means of payment are to be provided, and secondly, because my object\n            in fixing on the spot there-mentioned is to build thereon when I can make it convenient;\n            provided the area described by him can be obtained: for less would not subserve my\n          Whenever deeds to others issue, be so good as to direct those for the lots which I have\n            bought on the Eastern branch, to be forwarded to me. With great\n            esteem & regard I am\u2014Gentn Yr Obt Serv\u27e8t\u27e9\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0290", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Gwinn, 14 March 1794\nFrom: Gwinn, John\nTo: Washington, George\n            Annapolis [Md.], March 14th 1794\n          The division made by Hezh Veach, as referred to in the Deed to you from Colo. Mercer\n            & others, was not transmitted to me for enrolment, owing, I imagine, to its having\n            been omitted by Doct. Steuart, with whom the Deed was left.\n          I shall take the liberty to inform the Doctor of its being referred to in the Deed, and\n            of your wish to have it enrolled; and shou\u2019d he furnish me with it, it shall be\n            forwarded to you immediately after it is enrolled. I am, Sir,\n            With great respect, your very Humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0291", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mendenhall, 14 March 1794\nFrom: Mendenhall, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia March 14th 1794\n          Being a considerable sufferer in the calamities which my fellow Citizens are at Present\n            strugling with, has perhaps tempered my Disposition, and Excited sentiments of humanity\n            towards the Injured Seamen of my Country, in proportion to the Indignation at the Cruel,\n            and unpresedented Conduct of the British Cruizers which has brot these Misfortunes upon\n          the deep Impression of this sentiments, and a real regard for the Interes and Dignity\n            of my Country, I hope Sir will be an apolegy for this Freedom.\n          On Monday last arived in Wilmington D. the Schooner Kitty Capt.\n            Brinton from S. Eustatius who brought Six American Seamen in\n            Passengers and informs that he left about Sixty or Seventy more there, (the Crews of\n            Condemned Vessels,) in great Distress beging for Passages to America, and that others\n            ware daily ariving from the Windward Ilands in hopes of meeting with homeward bound\n            Vessels that would afford them a conveyance to this Continent, which could not be\n            obtained but in a few Instances.\n          The Loss of so many Brave Seamen as are now Driving about those Ilands and must\n            eventually fall into the British Servis, or that of Other foreign Nations if some\n            effacatious measures be not adopted is of a nature at this Moment which need only be\n          If a Suitable Vessel could be provided and despatched Immediately for their releif, I\n            should be Induced to offer my Servis in order to carry the Measure into Effect, nor\n            would I Stipulate any thing for a compensation but the gratitude of those whom I might\n            be Instrumental in releiving from their Distress. I have the Honour to be sir with the\n            greatest respect your real friend, and that of my Country.\n            Thomas Mendenhalla Citizen of Wilmington Delaware\n            P.S. I have Just been Creditably Informd that the Brittish Agents in this Citty are\n              takeing the Oath to the United States, and thereby Securing their Debts. yours\n              Respectfully as above", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0292", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 14 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia March 14. 1794.\n          I did myself the honor of informing you the other day, that the House of\n            Representatives would probably remit to my office the documents, which related to the\n            vexations and spoliations on our trade; conceiving, that they were of a nature, purely\n              executive. Yesterday the Senate, as if they meant to take up\n            the subject in some shape or other, passed a vote, as I have heard, calling for an\n            abstract, estimates of the value of the property injured &c. It is not understood,\n            however, that this ought to arrest the proceedings of the President, if he should think\n            a demand of compensation in behalf of each individual adviseable.\n          You have already expressed your sense on that subject; and I shall begin immediately to\n            prepare separate statements.\n          But, Sir, when I run over the long list of damage and confiscation, under which the\n            citizens of the United States are now groaning; when I conjecture the amount of the\n            mercantile capital, which must be lost to our country, already too deficient in that\n            respect for it\u2019s own independence; when I know, that many individuals will actually\n            become bankrupts by this unexpected invasion of their fortunes; I consider the tardy\n            modes of ordinary negotiation, as a refinement in torturing them with a hope, which, if\n            ever fulfilled, will be accomplished only after a series of years. Nay more. If the\n            government shall suspend it\u2019s interposition, until all the expensive forms of the\n            superior foreign courts shall be exhausted, it will, in many instances, produce no other\n            effect, than to invite the possessors of a little remnant, to throw away even that\n          I must acknowledge, that the merchants, who have been impoverished by this highhanded\n            rigor, seem to me to have a peculiar claim upon the most vigorous exertions of the\n            executive. If the resolutions, proposed for adding 15000 men to the military\n            establishment, should be carried; or a military countenance, for the purpose of defence,\n            should be assumed by a proper modification of the militia, and a complete military\n            apparatus; redress for past injuries will not be treated as hitherto: we shall not fear\n            insults in our own borders, nor meet with it abroad, from an opinion of our\n              impotence. Under such circumstances, I submit, Sir, to your\n            consideration, whether it may not be expedient, to send to England\n            some temperate, and sensible man, without a particle of the diplomatic character, who,\n            under the particular instruction of Mr Pinckney, may manage the discussion of the\n            respective claims. The compensation for his services cannot be an affair of consequence:\n            he will be a solicitor only, to execute the drudgery which Mr Pinckney cannot perform;\n            and there will be no danger of his contravening any view of our Minister, as he will be\n            always under his command. Such a person will go charged with all the necessary\n            information; so as to render delay, unnecessary, for the collection of proof.\n          There is another serious mischief which is a branch of the preceding. A large number of\n            American Sailors are now wandering on foreign shores, anxious, but unable to return\n            home. They will, undoubtedly be swallowed up, in foreign service, from distress; and\n            that service may possibly be hostile to us. Whether a feasible scheme can be adopted,\n            for facilitating their escape, or any pecuniary aids can be prudently and legally\n            contributed to this end, I shall not undertake to determine. But I beg leave to offer\n            the enquiry, as at least proper for reflection. I have the\n            honor, Sir, to be with great respect, & esteem, your most obedient Servant\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0293", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 14 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia March 14. 1794.\n          The director of the mint informs me, in the inclosed letter of the 12th instant, that\n            the treasurer is in advance to a considerable amount: that sixteen hundred dollars will\n            be sufficient, up to the first of April next, and three thousand more, up to the first\n            of July. I called upon Mr Rittenhouse, and represented to him, that it would be better\n            to go no farther at present, than the 1600 dollars; and to furnish the supply for the\n            succeeding quarter at the beginning and middle of it. He acceded to the idea. I believe,\n            sir, that you have the form of a warrant on such an occasion.\n          Supposing, that no objection remains to the granting of Mr Cox\u2019s commission, I shall\n            direct it to be prepared for your approbation. I have the honor,\n            sir, to be with the highest respect yr. mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0295", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Pierce Butler, 15 March 1794\nFrom: Butler, Pierce\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philada March the 15th 1794\n          I am sensible You are troubled with the perusing of more letters than can be agreeable\n            to You. I have therefore, to Crave your indulgence for intruding the inclos\u2019d on You\u2014It\n            is an Act of Justice that I owe to the Citizens of So. Carolina to Convey to You their\n          \u27e8I h\u27e9ad the honor once before, to Name Mr James Simons to \u27e8you\u2014\u27e9He served during the whole of the War in the Cavalry \u27e8with g\u27e9reat reputation.\n          He is certainly well qualifie\u27e8d for disc\u27e9harging the duties of the Office He\n              solicits. \u27e8I\u27e9 have the honor to be with great respect Sir, Yr Most Obedt humble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0297", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 15 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 15. 1794.\n          E. Randolph begs leave to submit to the President the inclosed rough of a letter, just\n            written to Mr Short, in consequence of information of the immediate departure of a vessel for Spain, which was received last\n            night from the Spanish commissioners.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0298", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 15 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 15. 1794.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of observing to the President in reply to his queries; that the ruin of our merchants was expressed as strongly, as it\n            is, in order to prepare Mr Short, in case some nervous measure should be adopted by\n            government, with a general idea of the magnitude of the cause, before a particular\n            explanation could be forwarded to him; and that, altho\u2019 the jealousy mentioned by the\n            President occurred to him, as affording a fair opportunity of pushing our rights, yet it\n            was not mentioned, as the dispatches will go thro\u2019 diplomatic hands here, and a public\n            post-office in Spain. Confidence is due to the polite offer, made by the commissioners;\n            but if by implicit confidence, the Spanish government were to seize a fact, which might\n            fix a species of distrust in their integrity, a want of candor in us, and which, if it\n            were even enveloped in cypher, might possibly be decyphered; I could not be sure of the\n            consequence. Add to this, that the joint negotiation between the U.S. and Spain may\n            possibly end, before the letter reaches Madrid; and it is very probable, that Mr\n            Carmichael when alone, may not be equal to so delicate a game.\n          E. R. will soften the strong paragraph; and if the President chooses, another will be\n            added as to the jealousy, which may arise between G.B. & S. The messenger will bring\n            the President\u2019s pleasure on this head.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0299", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 15 March 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n            No. Carolina 15th March 1794.\n          In the Secretary of wars letter to me of the 18th of January giving me instructions to\n            cause the money detained in the hands of the Marshall of this district to be delivered\n            to the agent of the Spanish Commissioners, He informed me that the expences which had or\n            might be incurred in the prosecution of the business were to be defrayed by the general\n            government, upon accounts which shall be authenticated by me and transmitted to the\n            accountant of the war office. Accordingly when I gave orders to\n            the Marshal to deliver the money papers & other property taken from on board the\n            Spanish brig St Joseph and then in his possession to the agent for the Spanish\n            Commissioners; I likewise directed him to make out his account of the expences incurred\n            by him in safekeeping the money, supported by proper vouchers and transmitt it, to me\n            that I might send it forward to the war office.\n          I now do myself the honor to enclose you a copy of his answer to my letter, declining\n            to make out any account of his services but leaving it to the Government of the United\n            States to make him such compensation for his trouble & expence as they may deem", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0300", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Spotswood, 15 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Spotswood, Alexander\n            Philadelphia March 15th 1794\n          Your letter of the 9th instt is at hand. Notwithstanding I have\n            the best disposition to oblige you, & to promote the interest of your son John, yet\n            it is impossible he can be contemplated by me as commander of one of the frigates\n            (should the Bill now pending in Congress pass into a Law) because a number of the old\n            Officers who served with great reputation through the whole of last war, thereby\n            acquiring much experience, are tendering their services; &\n            grounding their pretensions upon merit & the losses they have sustained.\n          The most that can be done for your Son, would be to make him a second or third\n            Lieutt\u2014and even here I would not, at this time, be under any engagement until the matter\n            is more unfolded than it is at present.\n          Mr Brooke, your Son in law, being one, among a great many others, who recommended in\n            very strong terms Mr Lawrence Muse as Successor to Hudson Muse, it was thought best to\n            appoint him to the Collectorship of Rappahannock.\n          My love in which Mrs Washington unites is offered to Mrs Spotswood & the family. I\n            am\u2014Dear Sir Your Affecte & Obedt Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0301", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Burgess Ball, 16 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Ball, Burgess\n            Philadelphia 16th March 1794\n          At length your clover-seed, and chocolate Nut shells, are on Ship board for Alexandria;\n            consigned to the care of Colo. Gilpin. The Vessel was to have sailed this day, but\n            whether she is gone, or not, I am unable to say\u2014she has been going every day for ten days, but I would not put your things nor my own Seeds\n            on board until the last moment, lest they should get heated in the\n            hold. yesterday they were embarked. It is to be regretted no opportunity offered sooner,\n            but this is the first since I came to the City.\n          The three bushels of clover seed, and freight of it to Alexandria (which is paid here)\n            stands in Twenty three dollars\u2014The Nut shells Fanny will accept as a present.\n          I would thank you for causing the enclosed to be set up in Leesburgh; and if you chuse\n            to send a Mare to either of the Jacks you are welcome or to the Horse. The family here join in love to you & Mrs Ball and I am\u2014Dear Sir,\n            Your Affectionate Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0304", "content": "Title: To George Washington from One of the People, 16 March 1794\nFrom: Anonymous (One of the People)\nTo: Washington, George\n          I need not, I trust, make any apology for the freedom I now take in sending you these\n            few lines\u2014They are well intended, and cannot, I think, in reason, give any offence.\n          The following truths are undeniable\u2014There is a God\u2014He is the supreme governor of the\n            universe, both in a natural and moral sense\u2014This God is holy, just, good, and merciful.\n            Being holy, he cannot but hate sin; and being just, he cannot but\n            punish obstinate sinners: But, being also good and merciful, he has provided a Saviour,\n            through whom there is pardon for penitent offenders.\n          This God is to be worshipped and adored by all intelligent creatures; not merely in\n            their individual, but also in their social, or national capacity. We have national\n            mercies to acknowledge, national sins to confess, and national judgements to\n            depricate.\n          This country has been repeatedly delivered from impending judgements: but we have been,\n            and continue to be, unmindful of our Deliverer\u2014While He has been adding mercy to mercy,\n            we have been adding sin to sin.\n          God is again threatening us with the calamity of war. What is our duty in this\n            situation? To use, no doubt, all the natural means in our power to ward off, or repel\n            the blow. But is this all? No, it is not. Let a heathen prince, the king of Nineveh,\n            instruct us on this head. His city was threatened with\n            destruction\u2014He did not despise the threatening, nor trust to humans alone for its\n            preservation. He proclamed a solemn fast, and exhorted the people \u201cto turn, every one,\n            from his evil way, and from the violence that is in his hands; adding, Who can tell if\n            God will turn, and repent, and turn away from his fierce anger, that we perish not?\u201d And\n            the history informs us that \u201cGod saw their works, that they turned from their evil way,\n            and God repented of the evil that he had said that he would do unto them; and he did it\n          Imitate the pious example of this prince.\n              One of the people", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0305", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 16\u201317 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia 16th[\u201317] March 1794\n          Your letter of the 11th with its enclosures came to hand at the usual time; but not so as that, enquiry co[ul]d be made into the prices of linnen,\n            & you to be informed, by the Post of tomorrow (this day being Sunday)\u2014Go on\n            therefore, until you hear further from me, to get linnen as fast as\n            it can be worked up. The 11\u00bd d. linnen is as good as any for the boys, girls & small\n            people, who do little or no work.\n          I was affraid to make the interstices between the pieces of the treading floor of the\n            new barn at Dogue run too open, lest the straw should work into them, & choke the\n            passage of the grain to the lower floor; or to emit so much straw between them, to that\n            floor, as to make the difficulty of cleaning the grain much greater. Avoiding these two\n            evils, the floor can not be too open, provided the horses feet or legs are not\n            endangered; & this is not likely to happen unless the pieces were so far apart as\n            for the hoof to pass through, or turn. If the section, or part of a section which you\n            have left an inch a part, is not apt to choke or pass too much straw through try another\n            section at an inch and half & so on, section after section, until you hit the mark\n            exactly; & then regulate all the sections accordingly. This had better be done\n            whilst you have Wheat with wch to make the experiment: & without loss of time, as\n            not only an immediate advantage is to be derived from the best\n            distance the pieces can be placed asunder, but that I may know better how to order\n          Let the drilled wheat have all the cultivation you can give it, with convenience, that\n            the most that can, may be made of it.\n          The Clover Seed, Furze & other articles, are on board the Sally Captn  for\n            Alexandria, the first Vessel that has offered since the breaking up of the frost. It is\n            much to be regretted that the delay has been so great, but it was impossible to avoid\n          I would not, by any means, have you sow the Eastern shore Oats\u2014if these are what you\n            depend upon Colo. Gilpin to get; because these, besides being almost as light as bran,\n            are rarely, if ever, free from the Onion or wild garlick; with which my fields abound\n            too much already, from this very cause. I had rather the ground intended for this Crop\n            should receive Buck wheat, or any thing else; or indeed nothing, rather than be sown\n            with such Oats as are generally brought to Alexandria from the Eastern shore of\n            Virginia. It is possible you may get some Oats from Notley Young Esqr. near George Town.\n            These will be good.\n          I send you a few seeds of the Nankeen Cotton. let them be planted the first day of May\n            in light & rich ground, well prepared\u2014Put four Seeds in a hill. I am Your friend &ca\n            Go: Washington\n            P.S. I have wrote Colo. Ball, & my Nephew Mr Robert Lewis, that they are welcome\n              to send a Mare or two each, to either of the Jacks or the Horse.\n            P.S. The Vessel is not yet gone which has my Seeds &ca on board; and as she has\n              been going every day for ten days past, there is no saying when she will go. The Captn\n                now says to morrow. He has promised to land them, if he can,\n              as he passes Mount Vernon; if not they are to be landed at Colo. Gilpins Warehouse.\n              the Captn has one Bill of Lading, and another goes by this days Post to Colo. Gilpin.\n              The two small Kegs contain the French furse seeds\u2014Nuts & Garden Seeds; the two\n              last may be given to the Gardener; the other you & Butler will manage as you shall\n            One of the Casks contains five bushls of Plaster of Paris, which try on some of the\n              clover, to see the effect\u2014at the rate of about 5 bushls to the acre\u2014spread a breadth,\n              & leave a breadth, alternately; to shew more clearly, if any, what effect it will", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0306", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 16 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 16. 1794.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of sending to the President a letter from Mr Short, received\n              yesterday; and two books, containing his shares in the\n            companies. Those in the James river company are a hundred, and in Potowmac fifty\u2014See\n            page 26. in the blue book, and 12. in the red book.\n            [P.S.] A letter from the Superintendants of the people of St Domingo at Baltimore is\n              also \u27e8e\u27e9nclosed.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0307", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 16 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 16. 1794.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that the expression as to the\n            merchants is changed, so as to give no possible offense, even if published. But the fact is, that amongst others Colo. Sam: Smith, of congress,\n            yesterday declared himself to be ruined.\n          Cyphers, by way of figures, uniformly indicative of the same word, are not beyond the\n            reach of possible discovery\u2014But they have been\n            always considered as safe enough, when combined with the usual precautions of\n            conveyance. However, it cannot be foreseen, by how many ways the cypher may be obtained;\n            and therefore it appeared adviseable to E.R., not to subject our candor to the danger of\n            being blasted, by the opening of a letter, put into the hands of government.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0308", "content": "Title: To George Washington from George Lee Turberville, 16 March 1794\nFrom: Turberville, George Lee\nTo: Washington, George\n            Richmond Co. Virginia March 16th 1794\n          Full of diffidence\u2014And conscious of the multiplicity of essential concerns that occupy\n            every moment of your important Life, believe me I do a violence to my feelings when I am\n            tempted thus to tresspass on yr Leizure but the interests of a deserving and amiable\n            Wife, and of a promising family of Children impell me to begin.\n          I sat out in Life with the fairest prospects, and for five years represented the County\n            of Richmond, in Assembly. during that period (at least the latter three years of it), I\n            cou\u2019d have obtained almost any appointment I wanted, & I trust my Line of Conduct\n            was such as will prove that disinterested & patriotic Conduct marked me whilst I was\n            a public servant, for this I refer you to Doctor David stuart, and others who served\n            with me. In 1790, I became a Martyr to the Gout, & was from that & the\n            distressing situation of my Wife obliged to quit public Life. The loss of my house &\n            one third of my property by Fire, in Books household Stuff, &c.\n            &c. followed on in 1791. (Novr), & (as misfortunes seldom come single), I lost\n            my own dear Mother in Janry following.\n          My Father (but a young man at least not much turned of 50) marrying again in a few\n            months blasted all my hopes, and altho I have a marriage\n            settlement, which will enure to the benefit of me, or mine After my Father\u2019s demise, and\n            ensures to my Children, (a son & two Daughters) an ample fortune hereafter. Yet\n            still I am left in great measure distressed and destitute, & totally incapable of\n            affording to my Children that Education of which they are at this time of an age to\n            receive, & which can never be recalled.\n          Pardon me good sir for thus troubling you with private concerns, common to the rest of\n            our Species, let it serve to inform you of the grounds of my present application &\n            after informing you that Mr Madison, Mr New, Mr Nicholas of the lower house, indeed most\n            of the Virga Delegation, & Messrs Munro, & Taylor of the senate will know me\n            & my Character if you wish an enquiry thereinto, I will proceed to my\n              requisition.\n          I have heard that Mr Hudson Muse is about to be removed & indeed has actually been\n            removed from his Office as Collector of Rappa. River Shou\u2019d this\n            be the Case permit me to be an Applicant for that Office\u2014but not in Opposition\u2014to Anyone\n            who from servitude in that Line has Merited such an Appointment,\n            but shou\u2019d none of that order present themselves or be thought adequate, I hope that the\n            services of one thrown into obscurity at present only by infirmities that forbid Active\n            Life may be remembered\u2014I served my Country from 16 yrs of age to 22. in the Army, (&\n            by my early exposure have brought on premature old age)\u2014from 24 yrs of Age to 30 I was\n            in the Assembly, & in \u27e8illegible\u27e9 all the time in both\n            Capacities I acted at least (I trust) without reproach if not with approbation.\n          Unfitted for Active Life I am still as able as ever to engage in sedentary business,\n            & as I have others depending on me for support, & I am incapable from infirmity,\n            & misfortune to do my duty, my Gout forbidding active exertion, I am induced to\n            apply thus to you as my sole resource\u2014Once more I sollicit yr pardon for this tresspass\n            on yr Repose if the Appt I sollicit is conferred on me I shall know to whom Gratitude is\n            due for to you alone I have applied, if not I shall be convinced greater merit than mine\n              has obtained it, in either Case nothing can\n            alter the Sentiments of my heart in regard to you, Sir, for the Respect &\n            admiration, of every true American, of every Patriot, & of every admirer of human\n            Virtue Must coincide with that of sir Yr Obedt & respectful servant\n            George Lee Turberville\n            If this or any other appointment suiting an inactive man, either on this side or the\n              other of the Atlantic, I live in Richmond Co. Virginia.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0311", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Pastor Americanus, 17 March 1794\nFrom: Anonymous (Pastor Americanus)\nTo: Washington, George\n            Gentlemen,\n            Philadelphia, March 17, 1794.\n          The reason of my presuming to address you on the subject of the culture of Wool, is,\n            because it is a matter on which the gradual abolition of our National\n            Debt depend, i.e. upon industry and population of America, as the same is held forth in\n            the following observations. That it is the real fact, I shall now undertake to prove: so\n            always, and provided, That you will patronize the following scheme\u2014What say you,\n            Gentlemen, to this matter?\u2014Now this great principle of patriotism, I prove thus:\n          Permit me, gentlemen, in passing, just to observe, that here, and no where else, lies\n            all the life of our true policy\u2014To cloath and feed ourselves, and\n            our neighbouring nations. I take this as a postulatum that will\n            without difficulty be granted.\n          Therefore,\n          Secondly, I shall, gentlemen, open myself fully on that important subject; not for the\n            sake of telling you a long story (which I know the genuine patriots, are not\n            particularly fond of) but for the sake of weighty instruction that I flatter myself,\n            will necessarily result from our Shepherd\u2019s scheme. It shall not be longer if I can help\n            it, than so serious a matter requires. The American Shepherd addresses us in this\n            manner: He says, the reasons for my preferring this Shepherd\u2019s scheme, are: First, I is because I want to see a plan for improving the present\n            condition of the poor white people. Next, It is because I wish to\n            be beneficial to my country. Thirdly, It is because I wish to\n            throw my mite into the best public treasury, and therein improve it.\n          Come\u2014help me raise the ever memorable Shepherd\u2019s Hall, and the profit thereof will be\n            commensurable to your public spirit: yes, and will be your exceeding great reward. I\n            labour not for myself only, but for all them that patronize the said scheme.\n          He says, too, the position by me maintained is, that this scheme is more excellent,\n            than the Yankie\u2019s Tontine bank; which is as follows:\n          First, It is a scheme to increase the declining number of sheep\n            in America, and make wool our staple commodity.\n          Secondly, The short of the matter is this: Let it be supposed,\n            that a number of well disposed persons appropriate a small sum of\n            money each to the culture of wool.\n          Thirdly, Again, let it be supposed, that 6000 sheep may be\n            pastured three miles round the Shepherd\u2019s Hall. Now here arises a necessary query to\n            those well disposed persons, viz. What will three years produce of the said pasture\n          That the culture of wool will produce an incredible treasury may be\n            seen from the English manufactures. This scheme properly executed will make the American\n            exports exceed her imports, which is the highest degree of our American patriotism.\n          Again, let it be supposed, that government will be propitious to the said Shepherd\u2019s\n            company, and given them a tract of land, &c. And that government will lend them a\n            sum of money at 4 per cent. The reason whereof is, because the increase of the people\n            will by industry reimburse the costs, and populate or furnish a barren part of our land\n            with the best sort of people. Three things are here very remarkable: First, That the state will thereby obtain 4 per cent. Secondly, That government will thereby thus obtain a number of useful people.\n              Thirdly, That government will thereby obtain the mechanic arts,\n            and that this plan properly executed will employ a number of\n            emigrants, viz. Shepherds, Ploughmen, and many other artificers, &c. in all an\n            industrious and independent city.\n          To conclude: The jealous Britons justly fearful lest they\n            themselves should have lost their wool marts, made a law, viz.\u2014That no English ram should be conveigled to North\n            America; a plain proof of this, that we may make wool a staple commodity, and out-vie\n            England: just in proportion to the differential quantity of the land in England, and the\n            quantity of land in the United States of America. All that I would be understood to\n            imply, is, that when the number of our sheep increase proportionable to the number of\n            our acres of land; then we shall actually and de facto out-vie\n            England, and thereby make ourselves independent, or not depend upon England, &c. or\n            not depend upon manufactories. It is plain, therefore, that our imports of woollen\n            drapery will thereby decrease, and our exportation of woollen drapery will thereby\n          What has been said, respective to the nature of the preceding scheme implies its\n            importance. But the way to facilitate it will more fully appear in considering the\n            formation of the articles of the company of the American Shepherds.\n          N.B. Observe\u2014that the subscription money is not to be paid until\n            the said company shall be established with articles, and a power sufficient to take this\n            matter in hand. When once a company can be established, with a fund sufficient to begin,\n            there is no doubt but that it will have 6000 sheep in every county in\n            each state: yes, 6000 sheep in every American township.\n          To constitute the capital of the said company, subscriptions for shares therein, at one\n            Spanish dollar each, payable after the articles of the said company are made, and when a\n            sufficient number of persons have subscribed, they will have the right to form the\n            articles of constitution of their company of American Shepherds.\n          Any person, partnership, society, church, or body politic, may subscribe for as many\n            shares as he, she, or they may think proper.\n          Books, for the purpose of subscribers entering their names, &c. will be handed\n            about by divers well disposed persons. I am, with fidelity and consideration, Gentlemen,\n            your well disposed, and most neglected servant,\n            PASTOR AMERICANUS.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0313", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 18 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n          Pay to the Director of the Mint the within sum of sixteen\n            hundred dollars\u2014and also the further sum of one thousand dollars for the purposes of\n            that establishment.\n            Geo: Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0314", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 18 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            Treasury Department March 18th 1794\n          I certify that the installments which according to the contracts respecting the Debt to\n            France accrue in the present year are 1,500,000 livres on the 3rd of September, and\n            1,000,000 of livres on the 5th of November: which, was there no anticipation, would be\n            payable on those days respectively. The amount anticipated, there\n            being some unsettled items, cannot be pronounced until a definitive settlement shall\n            have been had.\n            Alexandr HamiltonSecy of the Treasy", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0315", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the Newport, Rhode Island, Artillery Company, 18 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Newport, Rhode Island, Artillery Company\n            Gentlemen\n            [Philadelphia, c.18 March 1794]\n          For your kind congratulations on the anniversary of my birth day, and the other\n            obliging expressions of your address, I pray you to accept my grateful thanks.\n          To cherish those principles which effected the Revolution, and laid the foundation of\n            our free and happy Government, does honor to your patriotizm; as do the sentiments of\n            comiseration for the sufferings of the unfortunate, and the good wishes for the\n            happiness of the great family of mankind, to your philanthropy.\n          Your prayer for me, is reciprocated by the best vows I can offer for your welfare.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0316", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 18 March 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 18 March 1794. In a\n            letter to Burgess Ball of 23 March, GW mentioned \u201ca letter I have just received from my\n            Manager, Mr Pearce, dated the 18th instt.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0319", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Barry, 19 March 1794\nFrom: Barry, John\nTo: Washington, George\n          Finding that Government have partly determined to fit out Some Ships of War for the\n            protection of our Trade against the Algerines, I beg leave to\n            offer my self for the Comd of the Squadron conceiving my self\n            competent thereto assuring your Excellency that should I be honored with your\n            approbation, my utmost abilities and the most unremitting attention shall be exerted for\n            the good of my Country, and also to approve my self Worthy of the high honor shown by\n            your Excellency. Im your Obedient Humbl. Sert", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0320", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 19 March 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          Sir,War Department March 19.\n          As it is understood that the bill for fortifying the ports and\n            harbours has passed into a law, I beg leave respectfully to lay before you the following\n            thoughts upon the manner of executing this business.\n          The operation of the federal Government upon the State Governors and State Officers it\n            is well known has been in general rather irksome than otherwise as it has tended to\n            lessen their patronage and influence, and perhaps in their opinion of course somewhat to\n            impair their dignity, when compared with their situation under the confederation.\n          The Governors are commanders in chief of the Militia of their respective states and as\n            such were the last year called upon in the name of the President of the United States to\n            perform certain unpleasant duties relatively to the preservation of\n            our neutrality.\n          These observations are made with this view that it would most probably be a\n            conciliatory and grateful measure to them as Commanders of the Militia to be the Agents\n            of the United States in a certain degree of the proposed fortifications. For instance\n            the Engineers might be directed to consult and take the opinions of the Governors upon\n            the points most proper to be fortified and to report to them the reasons on which their\n            opinions should be founded, which opinions the Governors might confirm or reject and\n            transmit the result to the Secretary of War in order to be submitted to the President of\n            the United States. The Governors might also be requested to appoint some suitable person\n            to superintend the erection of the works, the keeping of the accounts &c. and also\n            of the mounting of such of the Cannon as are to be mounted in or furnished by the\n            respective States\u2014By an arrangement of this sort it is conceived that the Governors\n            would be kindly brought to act by system to support the general government and that\n            unless something of this nature should be devised that they might be displeased and\n            disgusted\u2014Some Agents must be appointed The Governors are on the spot and well\n            acquainted with characters and really possess higher responsibility than any other\n            individuals\u2014It may therefore perhaps be expedient in an oeconomical as well as a\n            political view to request their assistance on this occasion.\n          Whether these ideas be well founded or not is respectfully submitted. I have the honor\n            to be with perfect respect Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0321", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 19 March 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War department March 19th 1794\n          I have the honor to submit to you a return of the commissioned Officers who served in\n            the Navy during the late War, including the Officers of the Marines, together with a\n            list of applicants for Offices in the Navy made out by Mr Lear & the documents\n            accompanying the same. I have the honor to be with perfect\n            respect Your obedt Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0322", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Maunsell, 19 March 1794\nFrom: Maunsell, William\nTo: Washington, George\n            Limerick [Ireland] March 19th 1794\n          Your Excellency will be pleased to pardon the liberty I have taken in Sending you the\n            inclosed two Letters, on the Culture of Potatoes from the Shoots, a discovery heretofore\n            unknown, & which I have reduced to as perfect & Simple System of Agriculture, as\n            any other Branch in that Science.\n          Your Excellencys great Abilities as a Statesman, a Soldier, & the Founder of a\n            great Empire, deserve every tribute of respect; you will please to Accept this Small one\n          As the providing the lower orders of the people with food at a cheap rate, is an object\n            of great magnitude, so it shd be an object of great attention in every Legislator; as it\n            will be the means of keeping them quiet, & contented in their present Situations; I\n            am Satisfied your Excellencys Patronage of the Culture, will stamp a value on the\n            discovery, & give it Currency in America.\n          If we can cre[d]it tradition, Sr Walter Rawleigh first Introduced Potatoes, & their\n            culture into great Britain & Ireland, from America, it is more than probable, that\n            my mode of culture was practised at that early period; if not, I\n            shall claim the merit of introducing a new Species of Agriculture, and of giving\n            Existence, (if I may use the Expression) & value to what heretofore had been thrown\n            away as useless.\n          I do Suppose your Excellency is Patron of all the Agricultural Societys in America; your communicating my mode of Culture to them, with my best wishes\n            for its Success, will be a high obligation conferred on me, by your Excellency; my\n            exertions in reducing the Culture to a perfect System, was really disinterested,\n            actuated only by the Love I bear to Society, as an Individual.\n          May your Excellency live long, & enjoy good health, and be a wittness of the\n            encrease of my mode of Culture in America for many years. I am\n            with the highest & most profound respect your Excellencys most obedt Servt\n            William Maunsell", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0323", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 19 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 19. 1794.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of inclosing to the President a letter and list, from Mr\n            Fenwick, consul at Bourdeaux, stating the affair of the embargo there.\n          The vessel from France, which arrived here yesterday brought no letters from Mr Morris,\n            except triplicates and duplicates. But among these is his No. 34. which was missing,\n            when the rest of his correspondence was sent in to the Senate.\n          The committee at Baltimore for superintending the unfortunate people of St Domingo,\n            were informed yesterday, that the further sum of two thousand dollars would be furnished\n            to them. The President will therefore be pleased to have a warrant on the treasury sent\n          Mr Bradford brought the proclamation yesterday. Some amendments were suggested; and it\n            is probable, that it will be completed to-day.\n          The letter to the governor of Kentucky is completed; except a paragraph or two, which\n            waits, until I finish the Spanish papers, to see, how much of the negotiation may be\n            communicated. It will probably be completed to-day. The mail for Kentucky goes on\n          Mr Fauchet is to call upon me at 9 O\u2019clock this morning, to speak about the embargo in", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0326", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Tilghman, 20 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Tilghman, William\n          Letter not found: to William Tilghman, 20 March 1794. Tilghman\n            wrote GW on 23 March \u201cacknowledging the receipt of your favors of the 10th & 20th\n            instant.\u201d This one-page ALS of \u201cabout 35 words\u201d was sold at auction in 1938 (American Book Prices Current, 45 [1939]: xx, 361).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0327", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 21 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n          Pay to the Secretary of State, in pursuance of the Act providing for the relief of such\n            of the Inhabitants of St Domingo, resident within the U.S. as may be found in want of\n            support, two thousand dollars; to be by him\n            remitted to the Committee at Baltimore, appointed to superintend the unfortunate people\n            of the above description at that place.\n            Geo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0328", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 21 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            Treasury Depart. Mar: 21st 1794.\n          A law having passed to inable the President to cause a loan to be made in aid of the\n            current receipts from the Public revenues, it is urgent that measures should be taken\n            without delay for carrying it into effect.\n          The enclosed statement shews the probable situation of the Treasury to the end of the\n            ensuing quarter as far as materials are now possessed and manifests the necessity of an\n            immediate aid by Loan.\n          I therefore submit to the President the draft of a Power in the usual form to authorise\n            the making of the Loan. With perfect respect &c.\n            Alexander Hamilton. Secy of the Treasy", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0329", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 22 March 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War department March 22d 1794\n          I have the honor to submit to your consideration the proposed draft of an introductory\n            letter to the Governors of the respective States relative to the intended\n              fortifications.\n          If you should approve thereof, Copies shall be prepared for the distant States by the\n            Mondays posts. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedt Servant\n            H. Knox secy of war", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0330", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Burgess Ball, 23 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Ball, Burgess\n          By a letter I have just received from my Manager, Mr Pearce, dated the 18th instt I\n            find he had received no more at that time, than 131 bushls of the Buck Wheat you were to\n            procure for me. I hope there will be no disappointment of the remainder. It would fall\n            hard upon me, as I have not the quantity of Seed Oats necessary to carry my plan into\n            affect this year; a failure of both would leave my grounds unoccupied.\n          My love, in which Mrs Washington & the family unite is tendered to Mrs Ball &\n              yours. I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Affecte\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0331", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 23 March 1794\nFrom: Commissioners for the District of Columbia\nTo: Washington, George\n            City of Washington 23d March 1794\n          We inclose you a Certificate of your Purchase of Lots, and payment of the price, which\n            by a late Act transfers the Title without the formality of Deeds\u2014This is a Duplicate,\n            the Original is lodged in the Office of the recording Clerk, to be entered by him, and\n            will be returned to our Office.\n          We were not unmindful of your intention of becoming a Purchaser of a Situation in the\n            other end of the City\u2014we enquired for the Spot you had fixed on, but could get no\n            certain information of it, else it would have been mentioned in the exceptions from\n            Greenleaf\u2019s Choice; it was mentioned to him, and we have not only his promise, but his\n            wish that we may dispose of the Ground you may chuse, let it be more or less\u2014if you can\n            rely on Mr Blodget\u2019s description, it Shall be finished on Mr Greenleaf\u2019s coming down,\n            otherwise it may be kept open till we have the pleasure of seeing you here: at all\n            Events, the Quarter of the Square No. 21 on the N.E. Corner, will not be disposed of,\n            though we Suspect as it affords a north front and an East front only, Mr Blodget may be\n          The Season is already fine enough to resume the Survey of the City. we had an Idea to\n            employ some Gentleman of Service and talents, and Mr Revardi had made so favorable an\n            Impression on us, that we mentioned him to you for your Consideration\u2014we do not wonder\n            in your Situation, you should not always retain on your mind every minute Thing\u2014one Mr\n            Vermanet is here, he is said to have been an Engineer in the Time of the War\u2014We have a\n            letter from Mr Revardi which refers to some Conversation with Mr Blodget, and offers his\n              Services; but unwilling to enter into engagements with any\n            body, without your approbation, or enter on the work with a common Surveyor only we\n            shall decline coming to any decission; \u2019till our next meeting about the 12th of April;\n            when we Should with pleasure receive a line from you on this Subject. We are Sir very respectfully Your obed. hble Servts\n            Danl Carroll", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0332", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 23 March 1794\nFrom: Commissioners for the District of Columbia\nTo: Washington, George\n            City of Washington March 23d 1794\n          Major Ellicott\u2019s, Briggs\u2019s and Benjamin Ellicott\u2019s Letters of the 29th of June, and\n            28th of February which you inclosed to Us assert so many untruths, artfully combined\n            that an unusual lengthiness is required to draw the Circumstances into view which have\n            happened for two or three years past.\n          We certainly best know the real State of our own minds with regard to this Corps and\n            Dermott, and of course know the falsity of the Suggestions which impute to us malicious\n            or dishonourable Motives\u2014nor did we enquire whether Mr Dermott was a Man of Courage as a\n            necessary Qualification for the Division of Squares but we should have thought before\n            the 28th of last month the Major\u2019s Ideas of Mr Dermott\u2019s prowess were corrected. Nor is the Major better grounded in his charge against Dermott of\n            habitual Drunkeness, we were unwilling to take his Malice or the Mouthing of some of the\n            people of George town as evidence of it we were well informed that he had now and then drank to excess and when inebriated that he is unruly and\n            quarrelsome but we did not perceive that it\u2019s frequency injured the business he was\n            engaged in; we made inquiry and formed an opinion not that he was the most discreet nor\n            faulty in this particular to a very uncommon degree; he has since tabled at Sims\u2019s for\n            near a year with Gentlemen of as much Sobriety and propriety of Conduct in every respect\n            as any in George Town who Speak well of him\u2014The Major would be far from gaining, by\n            placing his moral Character in one Scale and Dermotts in the other\u2014The Major is always\n            giving verbal Evidence of his attachment to the Interest of the City but neither he nor\n            any body introduced by him has purchased a Lot\u2014Dermott says nothing about his attachment\n            that we have ever heard, but out of his Savings on moderate wages, tho\u2019 a Drunkard, has\n            purchased Several Lots and is improving according to his Ability. The occasion and\n            manner of Mr Dermott\u2019s coming into Employment and the manner of his being dismissed\n            differ widely from the Representation in the Letter. You may recollect that several\n            Things in the Course of the Quarrel with L\u2019Enfant strongly pointed to a duplicity and\n            ill intentioned conduct of Ellicott\u2014you may recollect too tho\u2019\n            Ellicott would save twenty shillings a day by discharging Dermott and putting a double\n            and impossible duty on Fenwick\u2014the Commissioners because of the extravagance of the\n            Surveyors and their Slow Movements declared they would not pass the preceeding Accounts\n            or have any thing to do with them in future unless those employed were on a different\n            footing so far at least as that they should live at their own Expence.\n          Mr Jefferson had intercourse with Ellicott on this Subject and the Major agreed; we\n            presume, tho\u2019 we do not know it, that more expedition was promised for about the time of\n            a letter from Mr Jefferson, we received one from Major Ellicott\n            dated 7th March 1792, to an extract of which we refer you. Mr\n            Johnson did not attend the meeting when this Letter was received\u2014Doctr Stuart did not\n            even know Dermott by sight, but having heard of his being employed in the Farquair and\n            afterwards in the Alexandria Academies\u2014that he was a man of Science and going to the\n            Southward, mentioned him and the Circumstances to Mr Carroll in Consequence of that\n            letter of Elliotts\u2014they both thought it best that Doctr Stuart Should endeavour to\n            engage him\u2014and he was engaged accordingly.\n          The Temper and view of the Commissioners appear by their Letter of the 14 March 1792 to\n            Major Ellicott (see the Extract).\n          Major Ellicott cannot but remember that more than once he spoke of Dermott as the\n            readiest Calculator he had met with; and though in the Succeeding Summer he employed him\n            wholly, or nearly so, as an Overseer to overlook the Negroes in cutting down the trees\n            in the Streets and Avenues, previous to the Sale in the fall and preparatory to it, he\n            employed him in calculating the Areas and dividing the Squares.\n          The Commissioners saw the impropriety of employing Dermott to overlook the cutting down\n            the Avenues and Streets at his wages, and especially as he was an European, he had\n            probably never had any thing to do of the kind: they perceived too, Dermotts uneasiness\n            at his situation, and were glad to see that Ellicott had changed it.\n          Major Ellicott asserts that he communicated his intention to discharge Dermott, to\n            Doctr Stuart who pointedly opposed his dismission\u2014Doctr Stuart neither remembers or\n            believes it\u2014nor does Mr Johnson or Mr Carroll recollect they ever heard any thing of it.\n            On some joyous Occasion, We believe on the laying a Stone of the Bridge, Dermott was in Liquor and in that State intimated to Doct. Stuart that\n            there were inaccuracies in the work, but so far from a disposition to pick up Matter\n            against Ellicott, Doctr Stuart let Dermott know, that he should take no notice of what\n            he said unless he would at a more Seasonable time address himself to the\n            Commissioners\u2014Dermott did not and nothing more was done at that time\u2014Not long afterwards\n            as Ellicott said, he had discharged Dermott: and as Dermott said Ellicott told him, that\n            there was no present business for him but to be ready against the Axmen should go to\n            Work in the Spring\u2014Ellicott 29th January 1793 desires the Commissioners to order Dermott\n            to deliver up Papers-\u20135th February Doctr Stuart and Mr Carroll write to Dermott to\n            deliver them (see the Extracts)\u2014the Commissioners then looked\n            on Dermott as discharged without any inquiry into the Cause of it.\n          Afterwards on his way to attend as a Commissioner Doctr Stuart met with Dermott in\n            Virginia, who then again entered on the Subject of Errors\u2014Doctr Stuard unwilling to Act\n            at all on verbal information to him Singly, and thinking it necessary there should be\n            some Examination, desired Dermott to address what he had to say in\n            writing to the Commissioners and to attend, himself, the meeting in George town; he did\n          Major Ellicott was expected to be at George town by a particular day\u2014the Commissioners\n            met and received Dermotts letter\u2014they all thought it best to say nothing of it \u2019till\n            Major Ellicott came; had resolved to mention it to him in a private way, and if mistakes\n            were really committed to have them rectified, if it could be done, without saying a word\n            about them\u2014their motives need not be mentioned, and Dermott had a caution\n            accordingly\u2014The Commissioners waited from Monday \u2019till Friday in Expectation of Ellicotts coming, but the sickness of his wife\n            kept him back\u2014On friday the Commissioners gave orders to Mr Fenwick to remeasure in a\n            Cursory way, the Squares pointed out and except in an Instance, where the number of one\n            was mistaken, they were erroneous and some very considerably so.\n          Major Ellicott however returned from Philadelphia on Monday Night before we\n            Separated\u2014he was undoubtedly soon notified of the inaccuracies and it is equally true\n            that his answer was desired in writing\u2014we do not recollect that he was limitted in time\n            and if we remember right Thomas Curtis who was Measurer under Ellicott did the Same\n            Service under Mr Fenwick\u2014We desired the answer in writing to\n            prevent shuffling and do not yet see that the Manner required would have given\n            extraordinary trouble\u2014The letters which passed between Us will shew the Temper and views\n            of each\u2014Indeed Major Ellicott in his verbal explanations to the Commissioners has taken\n            liberties under a presumption of their ignorance and he deals with the same freedom\n            towards others who are easier satisfied, and he is of so compliant a Temper that he\n            would talk whole Days of altered Stakes, and altered figures and trifling inaccuracies\n            but he was too Cunning to commit himself in writing.\n          On Major Ellicott\u2019s evading the delivery of the papers we went with Colo. Deakins to\n            Prouts house, where he then kept his Office, and made a personal demand of them\u2014he then told us that Dermott had stolen a plan of the City,\n            describing it, Mr Johnson remarked it was a Severe charge for which he ought to be well\n            grounded before he made it\u2014Major Ellicott said he had stolen it; that it was in his\n            trunk and he could prove enough to obtain a search warrant, and if we would break open\n            his trunk we should find it\u2014Mr Johnson replied that the End might\n            perhaps be answered by milder Measures without going to that violence\u2014on turning off he\n            proposed to Doctr Stuart and Mr Carroll to send for Dermott immediately on their return\n            and question him about the plat and if he denied his having it, to desire him to submit\n            his trunk to their Search\u2014it was agreed to\u2014Dermott was sent for and attended: Mr Johnson\n            asked him if he had the plat, describing it, he answered yes.\n            where is it? in my trunk\u2014the Commissioners wish to see it\u2014I will bring it to you\n            immediately Sir\u2014Major Ellicott knows very well I have it, and that I would deliver it to\n            him at any time that he\u2019d ask for it\u2014He expressed astonishment at Major Ellicott\u2019s\n            making, (in his expression) a fuss about it, for he knew, he offered to deliver him any\n            Papers he had and that Major Ellicott said it was no Matter then, it would do as well\n            some other time\u2014(see Dermotts letter to Ellicott 6 Feby 1793)\u2014He brought the Plat immediately, and believing it to be a public paper we ordered our\n            Clerk to keep it\u2014this was known publicly\u2014Sometime after Major\n            Ellicott\u2019s last return from Philadelphia an Advertisement appeared in the George town\n            paper in the name of Benjamin Ellicott, though said to be inserted by Joseph, offering a\n            Reward for apprehending Dermott as a Thief in stealing the plat and in the same paper\n            under the same Date a Letter was addressed by him to the Commissioners containing an\n            infamous insinuation against them In consequence of our letter\n            to Benjamin Ellicott, inclosed, he and Joseph attended\u2014the plat was produced; Hallet\u2019s\n            Certificate, inclosed was put into Benjamin\u2019s hands, and he was told the Commissioners\n            had no wish to surprize him: The end of their inquiry was to\n            discover to whom the Paper, important only from Circumstances, really belonged\u2014Joseph\n            said that the Letter was not to be justified that his Brother was sorry for it and would\n            make any Concessions the Commissioners required\u2014he was told the Commissioners did not\n            want Concessions: they instantly withdrew and the paper was put up again\u2014Dermott\u2019s\n            letter to Major Ellicott, as it imports on his receipt of the Commissioners Order to\n            deliver papers, must evince that he came to the possession of the papers in the Course\n            of his Service under Ellicott in a way not reprehensible and was willing to deliver all\n            up, and on the Contrary it Seems that Ellicott rather sought for cause of Complaint than\n            for the papers else he would have taken the Short way of inquiring of Dermott if he had\n            any particular paper which he wanted\u2014The charge of Theft against\n            Dermott is in a way of being examined into in a Suit he has brought against Hanson the\n            printer\u2014the removal of the Corps has prevented a writ being served on some of them\n            also\u2014they will now have an opportunity of adducing their evidence before an impartial\n          Another Charge against Dermott was his changing and maliciously misplacing Stakes: we\n            heard nothing of that \u2019till we perceived the greater part of a Succeeding Summer was\n            spent in going over the work of the preceeding and then the excuse was that Some body\n            had altered the Situation of Stakes and it must be maliciously done because the\n            alteration was so systematic that the greater part of a Season was spent before it could\n            be discovered\u2014Dermott was said to know nothing of the System but it was Dermott because\n            he was malicious and he was malicious because he did it\u2014it was first Suspicion\n            afterwards certain, it was first several stakes afterwards one and now amongst all\n            Dermott\u2019s Crimes this the most capital is omitted\u2014Briggs at several times mentioned to\n            Doctr Stuart his Suspicion that Dermott had altered the Stakes,\n            the Doctor inquired if he had any proof of it Briggs acknowledged that he had not but\n            suspected it the Doctr remarked it was a very delicate thing and that it would be unjust\n            to act on Suspicion\u2014when in Briggs\u2019s altercation with the Commissioners he recurred\n            again to the Story of the Stakes\u2014as an evidence of Dermotts infamous Conduct Doctr\n            Stuart lost his Temper and spoke to him very roughly\u2014The truth is the Commissioners had\n            their Suspicions too whether ill or well founded they cannot say but they suspected that\n            the whole story was invented to cover a mistake which had happened accidentally or for\n            want of care.\n          If the charge of altering the work, of stealing or maliciously secreting a paper or\n            misplacing a Stake was Substantiated the result would surely be against Dermott\u2014We have\n            seen Strong marks of Candour in this Man: we have no reason to suspect his telling us a\n            lie. he shews an attention to the public interest in his divisions, has his business in\n            good order and gives us and others such ready answers that he must have the clearest and\n            most comprehensive view of his department\u2014We had a good deal of trouble with Briggs\n            before he was out of employ it was obviously necessary to return the length of line to\n            the water and the width of the Streets to know whether the returns\n            were accurate and what part was land and what was water but an affected misunderstanding\n            of applications kept up a dodging for two or three meetings.\n          We had determined to separate the platting and dividing Squares from the execution of\n            the field work and were confirmed in it by Major Ellicott\u2019s making a merit of his\n            preparing the Divisions because it was, as he said, out of the line of his duty and he\n            intimated too his not being therefore accountable for their accuracy the check has\n            proved useful, several inaccuracies, not more than might be expected, have been\n            discovered in time and been rectified.\n          The more perfect the work done may be found the better we shall be pleased but the\n            experience we have had in marking out the lots on the lines of Squares does not lead us\n            into Major Ellicott\u2019s opinion that his is the most accurate work of the kind, and he is\n            mistaken if he supposes we shall impute all future embarrasment to the ignorance or\n            negligence of his Successor for we know that lines designed to be paralel so far as they\n            differ from a paralel will grow narrower or wider by extending their length; and that\n            there will be the like increase of error by extending diverging lines partly run on\n            undue quantity of difference.\n          Is it possible that Major Ellicott believes his own insinuation that the Commissioners\n            had any pleasure in the Baltimore publication against him? they had spoken their\n            disapprobation of it severally and their joint letter to him of the 6th February last\n            gave him, we believe, no new information on this head\u2014Major\n            Ellicott has good reason to be satisfied that we dispise libellous publications. We are\n            sir with the truest Respect Your most obedt Servants\n            Th Johnson\n            Danl. Carroll", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0333", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Betty Washington Lewis, 23 March 1794\nFrom: Lewis, Betty Washington\nTo: Washington, George\n            My Dear Brother\n          Your letter of the 17th Came safe to hand the inclos\u2019d letter will meet with a\n            Convayance in a few dayes by my Son George as he will Call on Robert in his way to\n            Kaintucky he sets of in a few daye on Busness, at the same time takes Negroes to settle\n            a Place there, and I believe in a few years intends liveing there as Chief of the\n            Property he Possessis is in that Part of the World, I am\n            inform\u2019d that the Vessel that brings Harriots Box is in the River, we are Extreamly alarm\u2019d here for fear of a War the Merchants here say that it is\n            Inevitable I Expect it is to raise the Price of Goods which has allredy taken Place in\n            regard to Westindia goods, I wish to here from you as I then shall be satisfied of the\n            truth of it, I was in hopes I should never live to see any more of those troublesome\n          My Dear Brother I am going to ask a great favour of you that is to give me a Mule, if\n            you have one that you Can spear without disfirnishing your self if you Can let me have\n            one & I will send for it. I am Joind in love by the Girls to\n            you and my Sister Washington with the family your Affectionate Sister\n            Betty Lewis", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0334", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 23 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia 23d March 1794\n          The weekly reports, and your letter of the 18th instant, came regularly to hand.\n          The insufferable neglects of my Overseers in not plowing as they ought to have done in\n            the Fall, begins now to be manifest; for I perceive by the account given of the plowing,\n            that I am driven to the alternative of putting my Oats into ground not half plowed,\n            & prepared, & thereby little to expect from it; or, in order to do this, be so\n            late in sowing, as to hazard an entire loss of the Crop, if the Spring is not very moist\n            and dripping; for I have seldom succeeded with Oats unless they were sown before the middle of March.\n          It did not occur to me in time, to advise running the rollers over your grass grounds,\n            & even the Wheat, after the frosts had come fairly out of the earth; nothing would\n            have recovered both more. The roots (even of that which had been thrown entirely out)\n            would have been pressed in such a manner to the earth as to have shot forth fibres to\n            restore the plant. now, I presume it is too late.\n          I do not, in the first place believe Spring Barley is to be had in that part of the\n            Country, as little of it is grown there; and in the next place, it is not likely it\n            would succeed, as I tried it two or three years unsuccessfully. If it is to be had at\n            all, it is most likely to come from Wayles the Brewer in Alexandria; and you might, as Oats are scarce, make another experiment, if Seed is\n            to be had. How does the Winter Barley look?\n          I am sorry to find Colo. Ball is so tardy in forwarding the\n          B. Wheat\u2014I shall remind him of it by tomorrow\u2019s Post. What\n            quantity of Wheat is supposed to be in the Straw at the several farms? Before it is all\n            out at Dogue run, take up one section after another and new lay it; \u2019till you are able\n            to ascertain the true distance the pieces ought to be asunder; for the reasons mentioned\n            to you in a former letter; attending particularly to the circumstance I mentioned, and\n            am apprehensive of, viz.\u2014that of the straw working between & choaking.\n          Mr Smith has, I believe, been furnished with fish from my landing, and if he will give\n            as much as another, ought to have the preference; but before you\n            positively engage, enquire what the other fisheries were disposed to sell at. 4/ pr\n            thousand for the Herrings, and 10/ pr hundred for shad, is very low. I am, at this\n            moment, paying 6/ a piece for every shad I buy. I am entirely\n            against any Waggons coming to my landing; but there is one thing which Mr Smith, or any\n            other with whom you engage, must perfectly understand, if they agree to take all (over what I want for my own use) that is, when the glut of the\n            fish runs, he must be provided to take every one I do not want, or have them thrown on\n            his hands: the truth of the case is, that in the height of the fishery, they are not\n            prepared to cure, or otherwise dispose of them, as fast as they could be caught; of course the Seins slacken in their\n            work, or the fish lye & spoil, when that is the only time I can make any thing by\n            the Sein\u2014for small hauls will hardly pay the ware & tare of the Sein & the hire\n            of the hands\u2014your account of the dificiency of Sein rope would have surprized me if it\n            had not been of piece with the rest of the conduct which has waisted every thing I had,\n            almost: whatever is necessary must be got, & I shall Depend upon your care and\n            attention, now, to guard me against destruction of my property, while it is entrusted to\n            your management.\n          Secure a sufficiency of fish for the use of my own people from the first that comes,\n            otherwise they may be left in the lurch, as has been the case heretofore, by depending\n            on what is called the glut.\n          What quantity of Wheat have you yet in the straw, according to the conjectures of the\n            Overseers, at whose farms it is? If you can get Six dollars a barrel for the superfine,\n            & thirty four shils. for the common flour, in good hands, let it go, at Sixty days\n          I have 25 Hds of Tobacco in the Warehouses in Alexandria; examine what condition they\n            lye in, & see that they are safe. not having been able to obtain the price I set\n            upon them they have lain there five or six years, at least. I have held these at a\n            guinea a hundred, and would take it.\n          Is your family arrived at Mount Vernon? you have said nothing\n            about them in your last letters.\n          The Vessel with the Clover Seed &ca left this City on Tuesday last, and is, I hope,\n            with you before this\u2014Another goes tomorrow, on board which I send you\n            (directed to the care of Colo. Gilpin) nine bolts of Oznabrigs, finding it cheaper to\n            buy here than in Alexandria.\n          Enclosed you have a bond of Colo. Lyles, who lives on Broad Creek (between you &\n            Alexandria)\u2014receive the amount with interest to the day of payment, & place it to my\n            credit. If the money is wanting for paying the Overseers, or for other purposes, it may\n            be applied accordingly; otherwise, when more can be added to it, I will direct the\n            application another way. Remember it is Virginia money you are to receive, that is\n            dollars at Six shillings. The readiest way of getting to Colo. Lyles is in your own\n            Boat; & by so doing you can touch at the fishing landings between, & learn their\n            expectations with respect to the prices of Fish.\n          I send you 3 lbs. of Lucern Seed to sprinkle over the spring lot, where the former\n            grew. The ground ought to be well torn with a sharp toothed harrow, in order to prepare\n            it for the Seed, otherwise much of it will miss.\n          With Colo. Lyles bond I send you a letter to him, which seal before delivery; you have\n            also a statement of the account, as far as I have any knowledge of it. Receive nothing\n            short of the whole sum which is due; unless you have no other means of discharging any\n            demands upon me, for receiving a bond in driblets, is, in a manner, sinking it; and the\n            amount of this bond, if it can be spared from other uses, I want to apply in discharge\n            of another bond, which is also carrying interest. I am Your\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0336", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Democratic Society of Washington County, Pennsylvania, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Democratic Society of Washington County, Pennsylvania\nTo: Washington, George\n            To the President and Congress of the United States of America.\n            Washington [Pa.] March 24th 1794.\n          The Remonstrance of the Democratic Society of the County of Washington, in\n            Pennsylvania, Respectfully sheweth\n          That your Remonstrants are entitled by nature and by stipulation, to the undisturbed\n            Navigation of the river Mississippi, and consider it a right inseperable from their\n              prosperity. That in colonizing this distant and dangerous\n            desart, they always contemplated the free enjoyment of this right, and considered it as\n            an inseperable appendage to the Country they had sought out, had fought for, and\n            acquired. That for a series of years during their early settlement, their petetions to\n            government to secure this right, were answered by its alledged weakness, and your\n            Remonstrants taught to expect, that the time was approaching fast, when both power and\n            inclination would unite to establish it on the firmest grounds. In this anxious\n            expectation they waited, and to the insolence of those who arrogated its exclusive\n            exercise, they patiently submitted, till the government of America had so strengthened\n            itself as to hold out an assurance of future protection to all its citizens, and of\n            redress for all their wrongs.\n          That protection has not been extended to us, we need only refer to our present\n            situation, and that that situation has not been concealed from, or unknown to, Congress,\n            we appeal to its Archives. We have, without ceasing, deplored to you our degraded\n            situation, and burdened you with our humble petitions and requests. But alas! we still\n            experience, that the strong nerved government of America, extends its arm of protection\n            to all the branches of the Union, but to your Remonstrants. That it is competent to\n            every end, but that single one, by which alone it can benefit us: the protection of our\n            Territorial rights. It is competent to exact obedience, but not to make that return\n            which can be the only just and natural exchange for it.\n          Long have your Remonstrants been anxiously in quest of the obstacles that have stood in\n            your way to the establishment of this our right; And as long has their pursuit been\n            fruitless. Formal and tardy negociations have no doubt been often projected, and have as\n            often miscarried. It is true, some negociations were once attempted, that were neither\n              formal nor tardy, and gave an early\n            shock to our encreasing population and to our peace of mind; but your Remonstrants are\n            constrained to be of opinion, that the neglect or local policy of American councils, has\n            never produced one single effort to procure this right. Could the Government of America\n            be for Ten years seriously in pursuit of the establishment of a grand Territorial right,\n            which was arrogantly suspended, and return to that quarter of the Union to whom it was all-important, but an equivocal answer? We\n            think it high time that we should be thoroughly informed of the situation on which your\n            negociations, if any, have left this right: for apathy itself has grown hopeless from\n            long dissappointed expectation.\n          Your Remonstrants yield not in patriotism to any of their fellow-citizens: but\n            patriotism, like every other thing, has its bounds. We love those states from which we\n            were all congregated, and no event (not even an attempt to barter away our best rights)\n            shall alien our affections from the individual members who compose them: But attatchment\n            to governments cease to be natural, when they cease to be mutual. To be subjected to all\n            the burthens, and enjoy none of the benefits arising from government is what we will\n            never submit to. Our situation compels us to speak plainly. If\n            wrechedness and poverty await us, it is of no concern to us how they are produced. We\n            are gratified in the prosperity of the Atlantic states, but would not speak the language\n            of truth and sincerity, were we not to declare our unwillingness to make any sacrifices\n            to it, when their importance and those sacrifices result from our distresses. If the\n            interest of Eastern America requi\u27e8res\u27e9 that we should be kept in poverty, it is\n            unreasonable from such poverty to exact contributions. The first, if we cannot emerge\n            from, we must learn to bear; but the latter, we never can be taught to submit to.\n          From the General Government of America, therefore, your Remonstrants now ask\n            protection, in the free enjoyment of the navigation of the river Mississippi, which is\n            withheld from them by the Spaniards. We demand it as a right which you have the power to\n            invest us with, and which not to exert, is as great a breach of our rights, as to\n            withhold. We declare, that nothing can retribute us for the suspension or loss of this\n            inestimable right. We declare it to be a right which must be obtained; and do also\n            declare, that if the General Government will not procure it for us, we shall hold\n            ourselves not Answerable for any of the consequences that may result from our own\n            procurement of it. The God of nature has given us both the right and means of acquiring\n            and enjoying it: and to permit a sacrifice of it to any earthly consideration, would be\n            a crime against ourselves and against our posterity.\n                McCluneySecretary.\n              By order of the\n                SocietyJames MarshelPresident.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0337", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          A Committee of the House of Representatives appointed to enquire into the state of the\n            Treasury Department, is charged among other things to enquire into the authorities from\n            the President to the Secretary of the Treasury respecting the making and disbursement of\n            the Loans made under the act of the 4th and 12 of August 1790. You will perceive by the\n            enclosed copy of a paper of this date delivered to the Committee, the opinion I\n            entertain of the proper limits of a Legislative enquiry on that subject.\n          But in the event of a determination that the enquiry should be general it becomes\n            proper to fix with the President the true view of facts.\n          The real cause of the transaction has been this. Before I made the disposition of any\n            Loan I regularly communicated to the President my ideas of the proper disposition,\n            designating how much it would be expedient to pay to France\u2014how much to draw to the\n            United States\u2014and always received his sanction for what was adopted & afterwards\n            carried into execution. The communication & the sanction were verbal whenever the\n            President was at the seat of Government. In a case of absence they were in writting.\n            This will appear from my Letters of the 10th &\n          14. April 1791 and from the President\u2019s answer of the 7 of may following. My Letters of\n            the 29 July & 22d of September 1791, and of the  of August & 22d of September 1792 contain a further illustration of the\n            general spirit of proceeding in the case, in regard to the consultation of the\n            President.\n          The sanctions of the President were sometimes expressly and always, as I conceived in\n            their spirit, founded in a material degree on the confidence, that the measures proposed\n            were guided by a just estimate on my part of circumstances, which from situation must\n            have been best known to me\u2014and that they would be always in conformity to the Law. With\n            the most perfect respect &c.\n            Alexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasy", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0339", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Lyles, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lyles, William\n          Mr Pearce, my Manager will present this letter to you; with your Bond\u2014for payment. I\n            should be obliged to you for making it. He is furnished also with a statement of the\n            receipts, as far as I have any knowledge of them. I am, Sir Your\n            Obedt Hble Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0340", "content": "Title: Proclamation on Expeditions Against Spanish Territory, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n          [Philadelphia, 24 March 1794]\n            PRESIDENT of theUNITED STATES of AMERICAA PROCLAMATION.\n          WHEREAS I have received information that certain persons in violation of the laws,\n            presumed under colour of a foreign authority to enlist citizens of the United States and\n            others within the state of Kentucky, and have there assembled an armed force for the\n            purpose of invading and plundering the territories of a nation at peace with the said\n            United States: And whereas such unwarrantable measures, being\n            contrary to the laws of nations and to the duties incumbent on every citizen of the\n            United States, tend to disturb the tranquility of the same, and to involve them in the\n            calamities of war: And whereas it is the duty of the Executive to take care that such\n            criminal proceedings should be suppressed, the offenders brought to justice, and all\n            good citizens cautioned against measures likely to prove so pernicious to their country\n            and themselves, should they be seduced into similar infractions of the laws;\n          I have therefore thought proper to issue this proclamation hereby solemnly warning every person not authorised by the laws, against enlisting any\n            citizen or citizens of the United States, or levying troops, or assembling any persons\n            within the United States for the purposes aforesaid, or proceeding in any manner to the\n            execution thereof, as they will answer the same at their peril: And I do also admonish\n            and require all citizens to refrain from enlisting, enrolling or assembling themselves\n            for such unlawful purposes and from being in any wise concerned, aiding or abetting\n            therein, as they tender their own welfare, in as much as all lawful means will be\n            strictly put in execution for securing obedience to the laws, and for punishing such\n            dangerous and daring violations thereof.\n          I do moreover charge and require all courts magistrates and other officers, whom it may\n            concern, according to their respective duties, to exert the powers in them severally\n            vested to prevent and suppress all such unlawful assemblages and proceedings and to bring to condign punishment those who may have been guilty thereof,\n            as they regard the due authority of Government, and the peace and welfare of the United\n          In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United\n            States of America to be affixed to these presents, and signed the same with my hand.\n            Done at the City of Philadelphia, the twenty fourth day of March, one thousand seven\n            hundred and ninety four, and of the Independence of the United States of America, the\n            eighteenth.\n            Go: WASHINGTON,\n            By the President,\n            Edm: Randolph,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0341", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 24. 1794.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of inclosing to the President the fair copy, as well as the\n            rough draft of the Proclamation. It was transcribed upon the supposition, that the\n            President would direct it to issue in the form, which the three other gentlemen had\n            approved; and the rough is sent; in order that the President may decide, whether there be any propriety in the two amendments, which have been", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0342", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Harriot Washington, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, Harriot\nTo: Washington, George\n            Fredericksburg [Va.] March 24, 1794\n          I received the box which contained the thing\u2019s My dear Uncle was so kind as to send me,\n            how shall I express my gratitude to my beloved Uncle for so much kindness. I hope my dear Uncle will not be displeased if I beg him for as much\n            money, as will make my great coat, & will purchase thread and tape to make my\n            linnen, I am affraid you will attribute my not making my great coat to laziness, but I\n            can assure you I would make it with a great deal of pleasure, as it wuld save you the\n            trouble of sending money, if I could get it cut out. but there is not a Taylor in town\n            that will cut it out unless we will consent to let them make it. I was very much in want\n            of a few thing\u2019s some time ago, & was obleiged to borrow 24 shilling\u2019s from Aunt\n            Lewis. she is in want of money just now and wishes me to pay her; I shall be much\n            obleiged to you for as much as will do that. Aunt Lewis join\u2019s\n            me in love to you and Aunt Washington. I am my dear Uncle Your affectionate Neice\n            Harriot Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0343", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Gordon, 25 March 1794\nFrom: Gordon, William\nTo: Washington, George\n            St Neots [England] March 25. 1794\n          The goodness of my intention will apologize for the present letter. The purport of\n            which, I conceive, may not be known to any American. You may possibly\n            be under the disagreeable necessity of appointing military officers for active service\n            in dangerous warlike undertakings. I have a great regard for Genl Otho Williams, &\n            am under peculiar obligations to him; but if what our deceased friend Genl Greene told\n            me, has not been mentioned to You, it is proper, I apprehend, to acquaint You with it.\n            When conversing about him the words of Genl Greene were nearly to this purpose\u2014\u201cWilliams\n            does not want for courage, he will fight any thing; but he has no fortitude, &\n            cannot bear up under disasters; he was so dispirited by the rapid pursuit of Cornwallis\n            before he joined me, that I would have beaten him with forty old squaws.\u201d \n          You had the blessing of being endued from above, with both courage & fortitude.\n            Greene\u2019s distinction between the two qualities pleased me so much, that I have never\n            forgotten it. Wishing your Excellency all that special wisdom which is wanted, for\n            guiding the state helm in this critical period; & that You may have the guidance of\n            the supreme Governor of the universe, I remain Your affectionate friend & humble\n            William Gordon\n            Mrs Gordon joins in most cordial regards to Self &\n            P.S. My friend the Revd Mr Hickman who is intrusted with this has one of an earlier\n              date, together with Flower upon the French Constitution of 1791, a present from the\n              author, if sent in time.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0344", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 25 March 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War Department, March 25 1794.\n          I have the honor to submit, the copy of a letter intended to be sent to the Secretary\n            of the Treasury, relatively to arrangments to be made, for procuring the Iron Cannon and\n            shot; contemplated in the Act, entitled, \u201cAn Act to provide for the defence of certain\n            Ports and Harbors in the United States.\u201d  I have the honor to be\n            Sir, with the greatest respect, Your most obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0345", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 25 March 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 25 March 1794. GW wrote\n            Pearce on 30 March that \u201cThe Reports, and your letter of the 25th instt have been duly", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0346", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 25 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives,\n            United States 25. March 1794.\n          The two letters, which I now forward to Congress, were written by a Consul of the\n            United States; and contain information, which\n            will probably be thought to require some pecuniary provision.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0347", "content": "Title: Cabinet Opinion on Enforcing the Embargo, 26 March 1794\nFrom: Cabinet\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia, 26 March 1794]\n          At a meeting of the heads of departments, and the Attorney general of the U.S. at the\n            President\u2019s, on the twenty sixth day of march 1794.\n          The resolution of congress, of this date, being submitted to them by the President, for\n            their opinion as to the best Mode of executing the same;\n          It is advised unanimously, that the governors of the several States ought to be called\n            upon, to enforce the said embargo by the militia, whensoever it may be necessary to\n            appeal to force.\n            Edm: Randolph\n            Wm Bradford.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0348", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Frederick Frelinghuysen, 26 March 1794\nFrom: Frelinghuysen, Frederick\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] Wednesday Morning 26. Mar. 1794\n          After repeated disappointments, a Barrel with the heavy Oats has\n            at length arrived, containing 3\u00bd bushels. It is at Mr Pearson\n            Hunt\u2019s Store, in Water-Street, near Market Street, where it will be delivered to your\n              order. I am, Sir, Your most obedient Servant\n            Fred: Frelinghuysen.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0349", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 26 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 26. 1794.\n          The Secretary of State has the honor of sending to the President the translation of a\n            declaration from Spain; And the President\n            will be pleased to say, whether it be important enough to be sent to Congress.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0350", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 26 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 26. 1794.\n          The Secretary of State has the honor of returning to the President Govr. Clinton\u2019s\n            letter &c. It was the opinion, that the Speech of Ld Dorchester, tho\u2019 important, is\n            sufficiently promulgated in the Newspaper.\n          The gentlemen have agreed to the letter to the governor of Kentucky, without any\n          They have suggested an amendment to the third paragraph of the proposed message; which\n            will be corrected, to be laid before you tomorrow.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0351", "content": "Title: Cabinet Opinion on the Conyngham and the Pilgrim, 27 March 1794\nFrom: Cabinet\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia, 27 March 1794]\n          At a meeting of the heads of departments and Attorney general. March 27. 1794.\n          The Secretary of War, the attorney general and the Secretary of State advise, that the\n            Conyngham be not delivered up to the British owners; the secretary of the treasury\n            dissenting.\n          The Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of war, and the attorney general advise,\n            that the Pilgrim be delivered up to the British owners; the Secretary of State\n              dissenting.\n            Alexandr Hamilton\n            Wm. Bradford.\n            Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0352", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 27 March 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n          As soon as I recd the communication of your arrangements, for laying an Embargo on the\n            trade of this Port, I issued instructions to the Commanding Officer at Fort Mifflin upon\n            the subject; and of those instructions I have now the honor to inclose you a copy. I am, with perfect respect, Sir Yr most obed. H. Servt.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0353", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 27 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 27. 1794.\n          The Secretary of State has the honor of informing the President, that the gentlemen are\n            of opinion, that the rates of the ships be the same, as those marked\n            out by law; and that they ought to be built instead of being purchased. But whether they had better be built by contract,\n            general or particular, they prefer reserving, until information can be obtained from\n            those, skilled in the art.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0354", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 27 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 27th 1794.\n          Message proposed by E. Randolph, some days agoto the\n            President; but now rendered unnecessary byCongress having proceeded to vigorous\n          Although I cannot doubt, that from the sources of information possessed by Congress\n            themselves, and the communications, which I have occasionally made to them, they feel\n            the crisis in our public affairs; yet at no time have I seen the necessity of exercising\n            the right of recommendation, more strongly than present.\n          It is now almost five years, since our government was organized. Its sufficiency for\n            the happiness of the Union has been tried; and stands approved by the friends of liberty\n            and order. No people can ever have a deeper or more solemn interest in defending with\n            firmness and with zeal their country already flourishing under the influence of such a\n            Constitution; no people can, with better reason expect, from the progress of its\n            operation, the completion of their welfare, and none ought to be more cautious, in\n            trusting themselves to uncertain changes.\n          Notwithstanding, after an honorable and scrupulous conduct towards all nations, we have\n            arrived at the hour of suffering and of danger. Many of our fellow Citizens are now\n            languishing in slavery and chains, our commerce has been ravaged, our Seamen dispersed\n            by captures in foreign lands, or compelled into foreign service; and our peace\n            threatened.\n          The fate of our brethren groaning under a cruel bondage, will, I am persuaded, receive\n            a sincere attention.\n          To prevent a repetition of insult and violence; to meet the increasing hostility\n            against us; and to be indemnified for the past; are cares, great indeed, in themselves,\n            but involving the highest responsibility to our Constituents.\n          We can never hope to obtain the respect which is due to us; to secure our peace or an\n            exemption from plunder but by demonstrating our means to resist. The stability of public\n            credit, and an adequate and regular revenue, constitute an essential article in the work\n            of defence. You, Gentlemen, who so well understand the capacity of our fellow Citizens\n            for taxation, and the calls of justice, honor and good faith, will adapt the fiscal\n            arrangements accordingly. I trust too, that, when a question shall arise on the form,\n            which the public force shall assume for our defence, it will not be forgotten, that\n            principles of real efficiency ought to be consulted, and that it is our policy, and\n            ought to be our character, to bid defiance to invasion from any of the powers of the\n          Without preparations, like these, the demand of retribution for past injuries would be\n            an absurd waste of time. It will be treated with contempt if we remain in that painful\n            situation of public weakness, which first invited attack.\n          I must, therefore, lay before Congress my sense of this awful period, record to my\n            fellow Citizens, that I have not neglected it; and declare again, that my co-operation\n            with your labors shall be prompt, and persevering. There are certain moments in human\n            affairs, when harmony among the persons, administering them, create an irresistable\n            energy; and to cultivate it is patriotism. That this is the moment in the affairs of the\n            United States, must be pronounced by all.\n          When we shall be armed against the events of war, peace, that blessing to our rising\n            Nation, will be at our command; and it shall be my constant effort to cherish it, with\n            all the world.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0355", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 28 March 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President of the U. States\n            and encloses herewith the draft of a passport for Capt. Montgomery, to which (if found\n            right) the President\u2019s signature is requested, in order that the vessel may be\n              dispatched.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0356", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Henry Knox, 28 March 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Knox, Henry\n            [Philadelphia] 28 March 1794\n          By the President\u2019s order Bw Dandridge has the honor to inform the Secretary of War that\n            the President thinks the fortification of New York much more difficult to be\n            accomplished than that of any other place intended to be fortified\u2014he therefore thinks\n            it proper that the most skilful of the engineers should be selected for that", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0357", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 28 March 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 28 1794\n          The enclosed, being the opinion of the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of the\n            Treasury, I pray your directions whether the three French Gentlemen shall be employed as\n            temporary Engineers\u2014They are to be with me at 12 o\u2019clock. The\n            same direction is requested with respect to three Artillerists now at\n              Baltimore. I have the honor to be Sir, With the greatest\n            respect, Your most obt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0358", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 28 March 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n          The Secretary at war, has transmitted to me, by your instructions, a copy of a law\n            relatively to the fortification of the Ports and harbours therein mentioned; and he has,\n            at the same time, communicated your request, that, as Commander in Chief of the Militia\n            of Pena., I would take upon me the general direction of the business, as far as respects\n            the works to be established within this State.\n          I undertake the proposed trust with great chearfulness; and you may\n            be assured, Sir, that on this, and on every other occasion, I shall be happy to\n            facilitate the execution of the duties of your arduous station.\n          Permit me to take the present opportunity of transmitting for your information, a copy\n            of an Act of the Ge[nera]l Ass[embly] of Pena., entitled \u201cAn Act[\u201d] &c (define\n              law) of an Act for laying out a town at Presqu\u2019 Isle, and of the proceedings which have been instituted, for the purpose\n            of carrying those laws into effect.\n          I have, likewise, inclosed a statement of the number & condition of the Cannon,\n            belonging to the State of Pena., that are above the calibre of Eighteen pounds, and fit\n            to be appropriated to the Fortification of the Port of Philadelphia. I am, with perfect respect, Sir\u2014", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0359", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 28 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia March 28. 1794. \u00bd past nine.\n          I do myself the honor of inclosing to you two letters from the Minister of the French\n          Upon the first, the opinion of the gentlemen was against mine, that a passport ought\n            not to be granted. I thought it so urgent, a case, that \u27e8I\u27e9 sent the letter immediately\n          This moment I have received another letter from Mr Fauchet. He represents his\n            embarressment so strongly, that I cannot forbear to lay both letters before you without\n          I understand, that the vessel had actually cleared out and got as far as Newcastle,\n            when she was stopped. I have the honor, sir, to be with the\n            highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph\n            The translations of the letters are sent.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0360", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 28 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n            United States 28. March 1794.\n          In the execution of the resolution of Congress, bearing date the 26. of March 1794, and\n            imposing an embargo, I have requested the Governors of the several States to call forth\n            the force of their militia, if it should be necessary for the detention of vessels. This\n            power is conceived to be incidental to an embargo.\n          It also deserves the attention of Congress, how far the clearances from one district to\n            another, under the law as it now stands, may give rise to evasions of the embargo. As\n            one security, the Collectors have been instructed to refuse to receive the surrender of\n            coasting licences for the purpose of taking out registers, and to require bond from\n            registered vessels, bound from one district to another, for the delivery of the cargo\n            within the United States.\n          It is not understood, that the resolution applies to fishing vessels; although their\n            occupations lie generally in parts beyond the United States. But\n            without further restrictions there is an opportunity of their priviledges being used as\n            means of eluding the embargo.\n          All armed vessels, possessing public commissions from any foreign power (letters of\n            marque excepted) are considered as not liable to the embargo.\n          These circumstances are transmitted to Congress for their consideration.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0361", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 29 March 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 29th 1794\n          I have the honor to submit to your consideration, a letter just received from Major\n            Gaither dated at St Mary\u2019s the 8th instant. I am, most\n            respectfully, Sir, Your obedient Servt\n            H. Knox secy of war", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0362", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 29 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n            Philadelphia 29 March 1794\n          It is to be regretted that the Snow Camilla had not got off before she was arrested by\n            the Revenue Officer. To permit it now as she is a loaded Vessel might be a delicate, if\n            not an unjustifiable measure, under the Act of Congress laying an Embargo.\n          Whether the representation of the French Minister in his second\n            application is of weight sufficient to induce a departure from the obvious meaning of\n            the Embargo, is worthy of consideration, under the peculiar circumstances which are\n          I am well disposed, and think we ought to\n            comply with Mr Fauchets request, if it can be done without envolving unpleasant\n            consequences. I am &ca.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0363", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 29 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 29. 1794.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that Mr Hammond has given him a\n            duplicate of the letter to the governor of Jamaica, concerning Barney; but that Colo.\n            Hamilton says, that the cutter going to Charleston is too infirm to proceed to\n              Jamaica. The President will therefore be pleased to determine\n            whether it be worth while to send a cutter from Baltimore for this special purpose, at this late day; when Barney\u2019s fate must be decided one way or the other, before she can arrive.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0365", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Joseph Barrell, 30 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Barrell, Joseph\n            Philadelphia March 30th: 1794\n          Your favor of the 25th of Novr last, and the Sea Otter skin with which you were pleased\n            to present me by the hands of Colo. Sergant, were not (as he probably has informed you)\n            received at this place until a few days ago; or I should, most assuredly, have thanked\n            you \u2019ere this for your kind and polite attention to me.\n          I now pray you to accept my acknowledgment of the favor\u2014and the assurance of the esteem\n            with which I am\u2014Sir Your Most Obedt Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0368", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Betty Washington Lewis, 30 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lewis, Betty Washington\n          Letter not found: to Betty Washington Lewis, 30 March 1794.\n            Betty Washington Lewis wrote GW on 13 April that \u201cYour letter of the 30th of march came", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0371", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 30 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n          The Letters to the Minister of the French republic, appears\n            proper. The propriety of laying those from him, before Congress,\n            I will converse with you upon tomorrow morning at Eight o clock.\n          By whom is the request made for a Passport for a Vessel belonging to Mr Jno. Brown to\n            go to St Domingo? I have no objection to the measure if such cases are within the\n            contemplation of the Resolution laying the Embargo\u2014but great care shd be used or a\n            Vessel may I conceive clear in Ballast & meet a load or part of one below the Custom\n          As one Pa\u27e8ss\u27e9port has already been granted to carry Mr Hammonds letter to Jamaica I do\n            not think the Revenue Cutter from Baltimore ought to be sent. If\n            the one belonging to this Port was in condition to proceed from Charleston thither, it\n            would have met my appro\u27e8bation\u27e9, because a double purpose wd have been answered\u2014and I\n            confess I see no cause why a Vessel capable of the Voyage to the latter place might not\n            \u27e8be\u27e9 adequate to the other also. Yr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0372", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 30 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia March 30. 1794.\n          The application for the passport to St Domingo is made by the Refugees themselves. It\n            was in French, and could not be immediately translated; or it would have been sent.\n          Inclosed is another application of the same kind from Mr Hammond. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect Yr Mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0373", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 30 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Sunday. [Philadelphia, c.30 March 1794]\n          The intelligence, as derived from Mr G. thro\u2019 Mr N\u2014\u2014s, stands thus:\n          Colo. H. was asked by the committee, what authority he had for drawing the money\n            borrowed in Europe, over here. His answer was, \u201cI have verbal authority from the\n            President, and fortunately written also\u201d\u2014It is supposed by Mr G., that the written\n            authority, or rather the letter from Mount Vernon, which is referred to, does not\n            support the assertion; but that a reliance will be wholly placed on the verbal.\n          A question is now depending, (as is further said) before the committee, whether they\n            have any right to inquire into a verbal authority, given by the President. It is also\n            said, to be one, made by Colo. H. The next week must bring this\n            business to a point; when we shall be able to ascertain facts, without drawing them from\n            any source, which is not well-affected to the gentleman in question. The object in\n            mentioning the thing to the President was to give him time to examine into the fact,\n            from his own memory, and papers.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0374", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Spotswood, 30 March 1794\nFrom: Spotswood, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          your favour of the 15. Inst. came to hand yesterday. and altho I have the highest\n            Opinion of my Sons Abilities, as a perfect Seaman and able Navigator; (not from any\n            knowledge which I have in the Bussiness) But from my Knowledge, of his haveing had a\n            very good Nautical Education\u2014and the High Terms in which, many Nautical men of Abilities\n            Speak of him. Yet it never was my wish, to ask of you impropper promotion for him\u2014But\n            still hope, that circumstances, may yet Turn out, so as to put it in your power, without\n            doing Injustice to others, to make him a first Lieutenant; However, what pleases you, he\n            must receive; and in future, Endeavour by assiduity & merrit to push himself\n              forward. I am dr Sr yr affect. & obt St\n            A. Spotswood", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0377", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James McHenry, 31 March 1794\nFrom: McHenry, James\nTo: Washington, George\n          Sir.Fayetteville [Md.] 31 March\n          I have very often troubled you respecting others; will you\n            excuse me for speaking a little concerning myself. My health which has suffered a\n            considerable shock by an autumnal fever in 1792 & 1793, I am pretty well persuaded\n            might be benefited by a change of climate for a short time. It has struck me that the\n            new situation in which the United States may find itself will require additional\n            diplomatic appointments to forward or attend to its interests abroad, at least till\n            peace and order shall take place in Europe. Should this be the case, and any opening\n            occur where the little talents I may possess could be rendered useful it would greatly\n            oblige and gratify me to be considered by you as a proper person to fill one of them. I\n            hope I need not say that a vain ambition has had no share in this application, and my\n            own interest as little. Had either any influence over my conduct it is no ways likely\n            that I should have waited for ill health to have stimulated them into action. Wishing you most sincerely in this difficult moment a continuance of\n            your wonted health I have the honor to be very respectfully & affectionately your\n            James McHenry", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0378", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 31 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia March 31. 1794\n          The laying of Mr Fauchet\u2019s letters before congress came into my mind. But I did not observe upon it; because he has given no answer, whether a\n            passport for the dispatches on board may not be sufficient, or how he would wish the\n            business to be modified. When that comes, it will probably be time enough to consider,\n            how far the President ought to be sending every application for relaxing the embargo to\n            congress; and whether there is not something too strong in excepting by a new resolution\n            a vessel, notoriously loaded with flour for France, from the\n            operation of the embargo. I thought, that the liberal\n            construction of the resolution would permit her to proceed. But as you have determined\n            otherwise, I cannot see the propriety of making a special rule for her, or of the\n            President being the vehicle to congress of such a proposition.\n            Possibly Mr Fauchet may place the subject upon other ground. I speak only upon the case,\n            as it now exists. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0379", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 31 March 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] March 31. 1794.\n          E. Randolph has the honor of submitting the inclosed application for a passport to the\n            President, and whether if all the ministers of foreign nations here\n            should assent, most of the objections will not be overcome.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0380", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Tilghman, 31 March 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Tilghman, William\n            Philada March 31st 1794\n          Your favor of the 23d instt came duly to hand.\n          The laws, in the cases of both Mr George and Mr Chalmers must regulate \u27e8my con\u27e9duct. To\n            do all that these will permit, is enough for my justification\u2014more I shall not covet.\n            If, however, as I conceive the fact assuredly is, the latter Gentleman has actually\n            received, and did not pay a hundred pounds which was put into his hands as part of a Bond due to the estate of Colvill\n            (and was then bearing interest) it would seem but justice that he should allow interest\n            for that sum when applied to his own use\u2014but if there is a principle arising from\n            analogy or reciprocity opposed thereto I must be content with what Mr Chalmers will pay,\n            and this I am disposed to in order that my administration of the estate of Colo. Colvill\n            may be finally closed.\n          With respect to Mr George, I had rather his acct should be settled & a new bond\n            taken for the whole balance payable at a given time (when he will\n            be punctual, & by which the money can be drawn from Mr Chalmers) than to receive\n            part this spring and the residue in the Fall; because the demands upon Colvills estate\n            (except the residuary legacy) have all been discharged; and because the money which is\n            due had better remain at interest than lye dead in my hands or subject me perhap to the\n            payment of it.\n          If the law of Maryland has stopped interest during a certain period of the War, the\n            estate of course must (as I have observed before) lose it. The case however, was\n            otherwise in Virginia for there I have lately recovered a pretty heavy debt with\n            interest from the date of the bond which was taken before the war. With very great\n            esteem & regard I am, Dear Sir Your Obedt Hble Sert\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0381", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Gustavus F. Goetz, March 1794\nFrom: Goetz, Gustavus F.\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia, March 1794]\n          P.S. The person, that has the honor to submit the above\n            Translations, the theme whereof he has published in the German gazette annexed hereto\n            along with the french Translation made by him, begs Leave to observe: that he is brought\n            up regularly to the Bar in Germany, that he is ready to produce a formal Certificate on\n            his Examen, he underwent there, in the Civil Law and the Laws of Nations, that he is\n            well acquainted with the antient as well as modern diplomatic stile of nations (being\n            intimately acquainted with the latin language), that he has taken, before this the Oath\n            to support the Constitution, being employed by the Post Master General of the U.S. to\n            whom he has been favoured to exhibit Vouchers for his Integrity, Secrecy and accuracy in\n            Gustavus F. Goetz\n            He understands to translate from Dutch and now is employed to attain a more\n              sufficient Knowledge of the Spanish.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0382", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Anne Sauvage, March\u2013April 1794\nFrom: Sauvage, Anne\nTo: Washington, George\n          Anne Sauvage habitante du Cap fran\u00e7ais, ayant echapp\u00e9 au fer, & a l\u2019Incendie de\n            cette infortun\u00e9e ville, amena avec elle, trois jeunes\n            Demoiselles, orphelines, dont l\u2019\u00c9ducation, lui avait et\u00e9 confi\u00e9e, (des leur Berceau) par\n            leurs P\u00e9res, & Meres. a leur arriv\u00e9e dans Ce Continant, elle obteint des secours,\n            pour elle, et ses trois orphelines, on les leur continua, jusqu\u2019a Ce que les fonds\n            destin\u00e9s a une si belle action, fussent \u00e9puis\u00e9s. apr\u00e9s, on leur donna d\u2019autres secours,\n            provenant d\u2019une qu\u00e9tte, que des personnes charitables, avaient\n            faite, en dernier lieu, sous le Minist\u00e8re de Mr Genet, elles sollicit\u00e9rent, et\n            obteinrent de nouveaux secours; ils continuaient encore, a l\u2019Epocque qu\u2019il a \u00eat\u00e9\n            remplac\u00e9 par Mr Faucher. Nous nous sommes pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es a ce nouveau Ministre, pour lui\n            exposer nos malheurs, et nos pr\u00e9ssants besoins, il nous a repondu que la Republique\n            fran\u00e7aise ne pouvait donner des secours que dans son sein. en consequense il nous a\n            offert de nous envoyer en Europe. nous l\u2019avons remerci\u00e9 sans\n            accepter son offre par raport a notre age, et par la raison que notre propriet\u00e9 n\u2019est\n            pas en Europe et que nous ne Conaissons pas les parents que nous pourrions y avoir. il\n            nous a paru plus naturel, de rester dans ce Continent. afin d\u2019etre plus aport\u00e9e de\n            retourner a St Domingue, ou nous trouverons les d\u00e9bris de notre fortune. puisque le\n            Ministre de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise ne peut pas nous secourir, dans ce Pays, que\n            deviendrons nous helas! Si les sanglots, et les soupirs douloureux de l\u2019indigence, ne\n            p\u00e9n\u00e9traient pas la sensibilit\u00e9 des belles ames. Vos vertus honnor\u00e9es de toutes les\n            nations, nous font esp\u00e9rer que vous voudr\u00e9s bien nous faire participer aux Secours\n            destin\u00e9s pour les Malheureux, jusqu\u2019a ce que nous puissions\n            retourner ou sont nos propriet\u00e9s. Cet acte de G\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9, de justice, gravera dans nos\n            Coeurs, et pour toujours, les traits in\u00e9fassables de la reconaissance; nos voeux seront\n            Constents pour la dur\u00e9e de vos jours, si precieux au bonheur d\u2019un Peuple dont vous etes\n            anne Sauvage", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0384", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 1 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia April 1 1794.\n          The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President & transmits\n            the copy of a paper, which he proposes to communicate to the Committee on the state of\n            the Treasury Department and which he hopes will be found by the\n            President conformable with what passed in the interview of yesterday.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0386", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 1 April 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 1 April 1794. GW wrote\n            Pearce on 6 April acknowledging receipt of \u201cYour letter & Reports of the 1st", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0387", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 1 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n            [Philadelphia] Tuesday April 1st 1794\n          I think the United States will be benifited by granting the request of Louis Osmont\u2014but, as applications have been, and probably will be frequent\u2014I\n            conceive it will be advisable to ascertain as nearly as may be the precise objects of the Embargo\u2014and havg so done to\n            establish rules or principles that will meet cases as they shall occur which will save\n            trouble at the same time that it will be a mean of facilitating business. Yrs", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0388", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 1 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] April 1. 1794.\n          E. Randolph would \u27e8have\u27e9 done himself the honor of waiting on the President with the\n            inclosed, to know his pleasure as to sending the two letters to the Senate and house of\n            representatives, if he was not under a very severe pain of the head. Besides the letters, now sent, he has received by the mail of to-day\n            from Colo. Humphreys, seven others, but containing no recent or important intelligence;\n            and therefore they will not be sent, unless the President should think proper to call", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0389", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 1 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] Tuesday afternoon April 1. 1794.\n          The distraction of my head from pain scarcely enables me to hope for tolerable\n            exactness in my remarks. If therefore it were possible to let the paper rest with me,\n            until the morning, I could better fulfil your wishes.\n          According, however, to the view, which I now take of the subject,\n            the seven first paragraphs appear unexceptionable, so far as respects the President.\n          I am extremely dissatisfied with the manner of the three last clauses. The first of\n            those three, which is the eighth in order, states that he always had the President\u2019s\n            Sanction for disposing of the money, as he did. So far he had the sanction, \u201cI approve if it be agreeable to law.\u201d At first sight, it would seem\n            \u201cthat the last line in the paper was tantamount to this idea. But the positive\n            assertion, that your sanction was always given to the disposition; including the drawing\n            of the money over here, implies, that you considered this act as lawful.\n          Permit me to suggest this mode of answer, to be given verbally. \u201cI have read the paper,\n            but not distinctly recollecting all the circumstances, I can only say, that I do not\n            discover any thing Which I am to object to as to myself, unless the manner, in which you\n            speak of my sanction in disposing of the loans, implies that I meant to give an opinion\n            how far it might or might not be lawful. I presume however, that you do not mean this,\n            as you say at the close, that my san\u27e8c\u27e9tion was always expressly or tacitly qualified\n            with the condition that whatever was to be done was to be agreeable to the law. I\n            imagine that you sent me the paper, only to determine, what related to myself, and\n            therefore I did not undertake to judge of other parts.\u201d I have\n            the honor sir, to be with sincere attachment & respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0390", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Joseph Brown, 2 April 1794\nFrom: Brown, Joseph\nTo: Washington, George\n            Honoured Sir\n            No. 3. Lower Terrace Islington (near London)April 2 1794\n          A few years ago I had the honour to address to your Excellency a pair of Prints, one of\n            Yourself, another of the late General Green, the receipt of which you\n            did me the favour to acknowledge, another pair of them very elegantly framed were sent\n            to Congress, whose acceptance of them, I requested on condition of their being hung up\n            in some public part of the Building wherein they held their deliberations; I afterward\n            reced. a Letter in which these prints were mentioned by the Secretary, but whether Captn\n            Cooper of the Edward New York Trader (a lying Scot!) did not as I believe he was very\n            capable of doing, play me a trick, by assuming to himself whatever merit could be due to\n            the present, I never had any opportunity of knowing.\n          It is with unspeakable pleasure that I have since observed Sir, that the homage which\n            is so justly due to your Character & Talents, has been so generally displayed by\n            every Class of your Fellow Citizens, who with so much honour to themselves &\n            advantage to the Common-Wealth, have repeatedly testified their grateful sense of your\n            eminent services to your Country & to Mankind by re-electing You the Chief of\n          May America long enjoy the benefit of your wise & salutary Council, & as she is\n            the depository of rational Freedom and the Asylum of persecuted Merit every Country, I\n            trust your eforts to preserve Peace will be attended with success. Genet, the\n            supercillious Frenchman was kept at a prudent distance, & at the time he was\n            endeavoring to be troublesome by his teezing impertinence, I observed that nationalists\n            described a species of Cats, by his name.\n          Long \u2019ere this you must have been informed that \u201cin the hour of our insolence\u201d when we\n            were in possession of Toulon; when the combined powers upon the\n            European Continent were likely to penetrate France, our Court were not only endeavoring\n            to bully Sweden, Denmark, the Swiss Cantons and the Republic of Genoa to become parties\n            in a War, begun under a pretence of the love of Order & humanity, but in reality\n            design\u2019d to tear up every vestige of European Liberty & to perpetuate the reign of\n            Popery & Superstition; our Cabinet (the 6 of Novr last) issued a most arbitrary\n            Edict, to seize your Vessels in defiance of the law of Nations:\n            Toulon however being about to be disgracefully abandoned, and the Forces of the Crowned\n            Conspirators being constrained by the French Republicans to retreat beyond the Rhine,\n            Pitt and his detestable Junto were under the necescesity of lowering their haughty &\n            unjust pretentions, but no doubt many vessels belonging to the\n            subjects of the United States have been seized in consequence of the arrogant Orders\n            sent from hence & tyrannically detained in the West Indies;\n            \u2019tis therefore with pleasure that I have read of your pacify plan of Reprisals viz. That\n            of levying a duty on British Ships & British Merchandize to reemburse those who may\n            be sufferers by British depredation.\n          When Bowles, was in this Country I expected that he & his\n            wretched associates would only return to America to stimulate the Savages (less savage\n            than they who prompted the Massacres which have happened on your Frontiers) to give\n            every annoyance & check to the rising Greatness of your Country, which excites in the bosoms of your antient Enemies in this, the most\n            malignant sensations, in as much as those who are best acquainted with the insidious\n            Arts of the vile Hypocrite\u2014the successful Apostate who now directs the public Measures\n            of this Kingdom, are at no loss to conjecture, by whom the Algerines have been\n            stimulated to harrass & to plunder your Commerce.\n          The Empress of Russia who held during our wicked war with North America, very different\n            opinions respecting the Rights of Neutral Nations in one of her late Manifestos declared\n            that \u201cno Faith was to be held with Rebels,\u201d hence it is easy to perceive that if the\n            confedracy of \u201ccrowned Robbers,\u201d could succeed in their impious endeavors to legislate\n            for the Republic of France, nothing but the weakness & poverty of \u201cthe high\n            contracting Parties\u201d, would prevent their undertaking a Cruisade to give or rather in\n            the hope of giving a Monarchical form of Government to your United States: May divine Providence grant, that their Republican Government may be\n            incorruptible & immortal. Liberty is in this Country in a most drooping and\n            retrograde State: free & liberal discussions are no longer safe & under the\n            pretext of accusations of Sedition, several worthy Persons are suffering fine &\n            imprisonment, and four worthy persons are sentenced to 14 years transporation, for no\n            other offence than insisting on the necessity of a more equal representation of the\n            people, which about 11 years ago lifted the Duke of Richmond and Mr Pitt, into the most\n            lucrative & distinguishd offices in the Kingdom, verifying\n            the words of Dr Garth,\n          Here little Villains must submit to fate\n          That Great Ones may enjoy the World in state.\n          The worthy & justly celebrated Dr Priestley justly\n            alarmed at these sentences & having for some time been harrassed,\n            vilified & persecuted by the venial tools of Government has determined to expatriate\n            himself & to seek a peaceful asylum in the united States; the circumstances that\n            occasion his departure are a disgrace to the Age & Nation\u2014\u201cwhose Sons will blush their Fathers were his Foes\u201d.\n            Nothing should have prevented my following his example, but the insuperable aversion to\n            a Sea Voyage entertained by my Wife, the amiable constant & affection partner of my\n            sufferings when in consequence of events connected with the late war I lost a\n            respectable Fortune.\n          If by the mysterious dispensations of Providence I should have the misfortune to be\n            bereaved of my dear Consort, the best the most precious gift which Heaven ever bestowed\n            on me although I am near 50 years of Age I shall wish & endeavour that my last sleep\n            shall be in America.\n          A Friend is this moment come in, who tells me that an Article is entered on Lloyds\u2019\n              Book, that is intended to inform the Underwriters the\n            Algerines have fitted out Sixteen sail of Ships to cruise against the Ships belonging to\n            the United States; if that is true & I fear \u2019tis too probable however humiliating\n            the measure may appear, the most prudent step that appears to us possible for the\n            preservation of your Trade, is to give the Pirates a larger Bribe\n            than they have obtained to stimulate them to this plan of Robbery. There is every reason\n            to believe that the Prussian Monarch sick of the disasters of the War & probably\n            gained over by an enormously doucer is about to withdraw the greater part of his Troops\n            from the frontier of France, but the inveteracy of our Court to the principles of\n            Freedom will nevertheless determine them to try the fortune of another (fruitless)\n          Fearing that I have treaspassed too long on your valuable moments I beg leave to\n            subscribe myself with the most profound veneration & gratitude Honoured Sir Your\n            most obedt & very humb. Servt\n            Joseph Brown\n            N.B. You will probably Sir before the receipt of this Letter have heard that an\n              ineffectual attempt has been made in our Ho. of Commons to stir the Governmt to\n              interfer in behalf of your ill-fated Friend (my respectable & \u27e8va\u27e9lued\n              Correspondent) M. de la Fayette: Burke opposed it on the ground of\n              his having been in Arms against this Country: whereas he saw no improperiety formerly in himself moving for the enlargemt of Mr Laurens, who\n              had been a President of Congress from the Tower, & afterwards meeting him at my\n              House, though the motion was not immediately successful.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0394", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 2 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War department April 2d 1794\n          I have the honor to submit to your consideration the draft of a proposed letter to\n            General Wayne.\n          It appears that Colonel Pickering would not dislike the proposal of joining him\n            provided the arrangements consequent upon the Post Office Bill now under consideration\n            would permit the measure which however he doubts.\n          If the purport of the letter should meet your approbation it may either be forwarded\n            immediately or wait a few days under the expectation of further information from General\n              Wayne. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your\n            obedient servant.\n            H. Knox secy of war\n            I also submit a letter to General Wilkinson.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0395", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 2 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] April 2. 1794\n          The secretary of State has the honor of inclosing to the President the opinions of the\n            gentlemen upon two cases of passports. If the President should decide in their favor, it\n            will be a relief to the parties that they should be issued without delay.\n          The gentlemen also agree in the propriety of Mr Higginson, a young lawyer here, being\n            sent to the West Indies to enter the appeals. If this be agreeable to the President,\n            E.R. will speak to him to understand his terms &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0396", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 2 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] Wednesday afternoon [2 April 1794].\n          The message and papers appear to me to be right. The Minister of France has certified a\n            copy of the letter, the original of which is sealed. To say therefore that the sealed\n            letter shall not be sent, seems to argue such a distrust of his veracity, that it would\n            be very unkindly received. It was not the opinion of Colo. Hamilton or myself, that it\n            should be suppressed, after this assurance was given.\n          The sealed letter is in fact the highest original; having been written by the\n            commission of Guadeloupe\u2014The letter from them to Mr Genet is also\n            original, so far as relates to me; it being that paper, from which I made the\n            translation. I have the honor sir to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph.\n            P.S. I have seen Mr Jay and General Knox. But nothing very marked or particular", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0398", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 3 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War Department April 3rd 1794\n          I have the honor to submit a letter from Governor Blount dated 10th March 1794. with\n            the enclosures. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your\n            obedient servant\n            H. Knox secy of war", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0399", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James McHenry, 3 April 1794\nFrom: McHenry, James\nTo: Washington, George\n            Fayetteville [Md.] 3d April 1794\n          I ought to have mentioned in the letter which I took the liberty to write to you a few\n            days since what I had then chiefly in my mind abstracted from the personal consideration\n          I thought that perhaps it might come within your view at this juncture to send a\n            commissioned person to Vienna to solicit the release of Mr la Fayette with powers to\n            proceed to France on a like errand in favor of his wife and children, in order that the\n            whole might be removed to this country.\n          I perceive by the act of Congress for discharging his pay during the war the new\n            obligation you have laid up on your unfortunate friend. If it is\n            possible to go beyond pecuniary aid, or so far as to restore him to liberty and his\n            family how would he rejoice to owe that blessing to the man he affectionates most upon\n            earth; and what sublime pleasure to me to be an humble instrument in its accomplishment.\n            The friendship he has always expressed for me; the friendship I feel for him; a\n            conviction of the patriotism of his principles and purity of his motives; the esteem in\n            which he is still held by America; a remembrance of the moment and his youth when he\n            embarked in our cause, and the services he rendered it in the course of our revolution,\n            all conspire to make such a project peculiarly interesting to the\n            feeling heart: at the same time, Sir, you must be sensible, you who on former occasions\n            have not deemed me unworthy some portion of your confidence, that such a mission would\n            reflect upon you its author, and from whom alone it ought to proceed, as long as exalted\n            friendship shall be ranked among the virtues, a lustre which philosophy must delight to\n            contemplate and history to diffuse among mankind for their benefit or instruction. The\n            friendship of Achilles for his dear Patroclus, as celebrated by Homer, has survived the\n            fate of empires and the charges of time, as if destined to serve as a perpetual monument\n            sacred to friendship. May not another Homer arise to consign\n            yours for Fayette to equal immortality, and tears of pleasure flow at its recital like\n            an exhaustless stream through the long period of future ages.\n          But if all this should prove no more than a dream of friendship, I hope for the sake of\n            the object, that you will excuse the dreamer for troubling you with his vision, who be assured when awake, is and has always been affectionately\n            and truly your most obt & hble st\n            James McHenry", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0400", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 3 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          E. Randolph has the honor of sending to the President in another parcel three letters\n            from Mr Pinckney. A large bundle has arrived\n            from Mr Short; many of which are triplicates; the others are probably interesting; but\n            the whole have been in salt water are barely legible yet, and in some instances will\n            require to be decyphered.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0401", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 3 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n            Gentlemen of the Senate,\n            United States 3d april 1794\n          I nominate Albion Cox, to be Assayer for the Mint of the United States.\n            Go. Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0403", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Jackson, 4 April 1794\nFrom: Jackson, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          France, at this moment, exhibits such scenes as the pencil of Salvator Rosa would have\n            been well employed to delineate\u2014abounding in light and shade, which is at once splendid\n          To use the language of a living Artist, and One fonder of gilding than Salvator, France\n            is, in truth, \u201can armed Nation.\u201d Her exertions and firmness seem well proportioned to\n            the resistance, which her situation requires, and far exceed the expectations, which our\n            limited acquaintance with the power and resources of such a Nation, resolved to be free,\n            could have excited.\n          No longer resembling Venus attended by the Graces, She now represents Minerva followed\n            by the Fates. You must pardon this imagery\u2014it is really\n            necessary to convey an idea of facts, or to describe the change, which has here taken\n            place\u2014indeed, it is only by what, in common parlance, would be accounted extravagant\n            hyperbole, that One can express the situation of this most extraordinary people.\n          Wherever you move, or to whatever quarter your attention is turned, nothing meets the\n            view but warlike preparation. Every consideration is sacrificed to public exigence,\n            every contribution of property or service, which the public necessity requires appears\n            to be cheerfully made\u2014and in the few instances, where reluctance may exist, terror\n            supplies the absence of patriotism, and operates its full effect.\n          Age and infancy are employed in extracting from the earth, and, by a late refinement in\n            chemistry, from vegetables, the thunders, which youth and manhood are to direct, while\n            the cares of domestic life are altogether devolved on the female part\n            of the Society.\n          Fifteen armies, forming a force, which I do not think exaggerated, of twelve hundred\n            thousand men, are now in the actual service of the Republic\u2014and it has been surmised\n            that a part of the second requisition would be made before the opening of the\n            campaign\u2014Should this additional effort be deemed necessary, the coalesced nations of\n            Europe must unquestionably yield to the momentum of an individual power, exceeding in\n            numbers and array all that the world has hitherto exhibited.\n          Perplexed by the variety of interesting objects, which attract my attention, I am\n            really at a loss where to begin in giving you the details of these formidable and\n            stupendous preparations.\n          The first requisition has been carried into complete effect\u2014that is to say, all the\n            unmarried men of this extensive nation, from the age of eighteen to twenty five years,\n            whatever their situation or fortune (for neither money nor substitutes would exempt them\n            from service) have joined the several armies of the Republic, which they have augmented\n            with Six hundred thousand. These levies have been incorporated with the ancient Corps,\n            and have been under a strict discipline for several months.\n          The Cavalry has been so considerably encreased as to require that the swords, exceeding\n            thirty inches in blade, should be taken from the Infantry for their use. The\n            augmentation is upwards of fifty thousand\u2014and the remounted exceeds thirty thousand\u27e8.\u27e9\n            The whole force in Cavalry being at least One hundred thousand. So that in this arm,\n            which, during the last campaign, was the weakest part of their composition, I am\n            persuaded the french will be superior to the combined forces.\n          The artillery, so formidable in the last campaign, has received an addition of Two\n            thousand pieces, for field service, and, judging from its former effect, must, I think,\n            be absolutely irresistible.\n          The fuel, which is to nourish this immense volcano, is, as I have already intimated to\n            you, prepared by those hands, which are otherwise unable to serve their country; and,\n            under the direction of persons well skilled in the process, saltpetre is produced in\n            astonishing quantity\u2014I have daily opportunity of observing its\n            product in the several sections of Paris, and the operation is the same throughout the\n          The public founderies and manufactories of small arms, aided by the mechanics, who work\n            in metals, and who, for this purpose, are all in requisition, are constantly employed,\n            and furnish immensely.\n          And yet, amidst all this din and preparation of arms, the Country more carefully and\n            extensively cultivated than in any former period. You will ask by whom? By old men, by\n            women, and the youth of both sexes, under the age of eighteen years.\n          This I can assure you, from personal observation, wherever I have travelled not a\n            single spot is neglected\u2014The very avenues and approaches to the Chateaux are\n            ploughed\u2014even walks in the gardens of the Tuilleries are sown and planted\u2014and no Country presents a more promising appearance, in agriculture,\n            than France does at this moment.\n          It has become a public care, with the several municipalities, to plant those grounds,\n            which were formerly appropriate to pleasurable purposes, with useful vegetables, and, to\n            this end, regular institutions are established.\n          The value of the potatoe is known, and sufficiently appreciated to remove every\n            apprehension of want. Indeed so promising is the grain now in the ground, that I am\n            persuaded, from my information of the present state of their granaries, the quantity on\n            hand and the ensuing crop, will furnish an advance of provision for at least two\n          You may be assured the idea of starving France is as unfounded as it is unworthy\u2014The\n            variety of soil and climate, in this extensive country, reduces the chance of a general\n            failure in their crops, to a very remote possibility\u2014And the invigorating energies of\n            property and freedom have more than balanced the deductions from their agriculture,\n            occasioned by the call of their Peasantry to the frontiers. Indeed a very considerable\n            proportion of their farming was always done by the women of France, who still continue\n            to cultivate the ground.\n          Take a single illustration of my supposition that their Granaries are well stocked\u2014The\n            price of bread in Paris, at this time, is not half as much as in London. True it is\n            brown, but it is equally nutritious.\n          Extensive manufactures of useful fabrics continue to flourish\u2014and even the most refined\n            articles of luxury are not neglected.\n          Of the former, I have attentively observed the cloth-manufacture at Abbeville, which is\n            in vigour\u2014and of the latter I have visited the Eobelius, where the most exquisite\n            productions of the needle and the shuttle, still continue to charm and astonish. This\n            last is continued as a public establishment.\n          Even the palaces and pleasure grounds of the ci-devant royalty are respected as\n            national property, and, as such, are carefully preserved.\n          The greater part of the furniture has been removed from Versailles\u2014some of the\n            paintings remain. Those by the best Masters have been sent to the Gallery of the Louvre,\n            which is now the National Museum, where the collection greatly exceeds any other\n            exhibition of the fine arts in the world. It is under the care of a Committee, appointed\n            to protect the arts, and is maintained in the most superb style. Such is the war, which\n            these Goths and Vandals wage against the arts!\n          The late Queens favorite residence of St Cloud remains as when She occupied it. The paintings will be sent to the Museum, and the furniture will\n          In remarking on the agriculture and manufactur\u27e8e\u27e9s I have digressed from the subject of\n            the public force\u27e8,\u27e9 to which I return.\n          The operations of the northern army appear to engage the greatest degree of attention,\n            and from its composition, as well as its situation, this part of their force seems\n            destined to the most arduous service.\n          Including the detachments on the side of Dunquerque, and the garrisons, which, without\n            hazard to their posts, may be called into field service with the main body, I do not\n            suppose this army amounts to less than Two hundred and fifty four thousand men, composed\n            nearly as follows\n              Brigaded Infantry\n              Light Corps\n              Brigaded artillery\n              Artillery attached to Corps\n          In addition to this immense force, no less formidable by the\n            decided superiority of their artillery, the improved state of their arms, discipline,\n            and \u0153conomical arrangements of supplies, than by their numbers\u2014The\n            armies of the Moselle and Ardennes may, by rapid movements to their left, be brought\n            into full co-operation, and at very short notice, with the army of the north\u2014for\n            experience has demonstrated that they are capable of forming these sudden junctions, by\n            transporting their troops in carriages.\n          That they are disposed to effect, whatever a profuse application of money can\n            accomplish, must be admitted\u2014and that the means are in their power cannot be denied.\n          Their treasury is, at this time, by far the richest in Europe\u2014perhaps more abundant\n            than all the rest of Europe. And, immoderate as their expenditure appears, the sources\n            of their supplies seem but to increase with the streams that flow from them\u2014The taxes,\n            that are collected, with the donations, crown and church property, and money received\n            for Emigrants estates form altogether an inordinate mass.\n          On this subject, also, it is fair to remark that the Persons, who direct their fiscal\n            arrangements, have been long enough in office to give to them all the advantages, which\n            result from method and established order. Of this a very strong proof was lately given\n            by Cambon, in his report on the State of their finances: He therein asserts (which he\n            dared not to do without foundation) that a diminution, of One hundred and seventy\n            millions of livres per month, had been made in their disbursements, leaving the actual\n            expenditure about fifty four millions sterling \u214c annum.\n          Enormous as this sum may appear, it is not immoderate compared with their\n            resources\u2014for, however extraordinary, it is true that, including the estates of the\n            Crown, the Clergy, and the Emigrants\u27e8,\u27e9 at least one third part of the whole property of\n            France is in confiscation. Such had been the tendency of the ancient regime to absorb,\n            and concentrate the national wealth in the hands of the few!\n          This fact is well understood by the men of property, who are now in France, and the\n            reflections which arise from it, have fully decided them to go with the revolution, and\n            to support it at all hazards. They are now aware of the worst that can happen to them\n            under the Republic, and they know full well that the confiscated property is more than\n            competent to the expences that have been, or may be, incurred to maintain the\n            war\u2014Whereas a counter-revolution would not only place the expences of the war to their charge as holders of the public Securities but prostrate\n            the residue of their property to the indemnity of those, who have emigrated.\n          These influential considerations of property, by which the more wealthy part of the\n            people, now in France, are actuated, aided by the enthusiasm of some, the fears of\n            others, and the resentments of all, against their external enemies, have not only\n            subdued all spirit of revolt, and condensed the public opinion in favor of the\n            revolution, but appear to me to have decided the nation, literally to adhere to their\n            declaration \u201cto live free or die.\u201d\n          This reasoning may seem on first view to be too positive\u2014but, compared with facts, and\n            analysed by the test of experience, I am persuaded, and I venture to predict, it will be\n            found true in every result.\n          I would now state the respective strength and composition of the other armies of the\n            Republic\u2014but, as their operations are not likely to be equally interesting or decisive\n            with that of the north, I have been at less pains to obtain particular information\n            respecting them. That which is intended to act against Spain will, I think, be the next\n            efficient in force, and impressive in its operations.\n          The direction of the military measures of the Republic are said to be confided to a\n            Committee of Officers, of high professional talents and distinguished service. Two of\n            them, it is thought, will go to the army of the North\u2014The others will remain at\n          Besides this Board of Officers, there are Commissioners from the Convention, with each\n            of the Armies, who superintend the \u0153conomy of the staff-arrangements and watch over\n            their supplies.\n          A controuling authority, that may be termed almost unlimited, is vested in the\n            Committee of Public safety, which is composed of the following Members, classed\n            according to the influence, which, I think, they respectively possess.\n          Robespierre, Billaud de Varennes, St Just, Couthon, Collot d\u2019Herbois, Jean Bon St\n            Andr\u00e9, Barerre, Carnot, Lindet, and Prieur.\n          Robespierre is certainly the apex of this pyramid\u2014Barerre, in point of talents, may, I\n            think, be considered as one of its ablest supports\u2014Lindet, whose application is even\n            distinguished where all are unremitting, is the Member, to whom the\n            department of subsistence is devolved\u2014St Just is very eloquent and popular with the\n            Convention\u2014Jean Bon St Andr\u00e9 has been selected for his energy of character to regenerate\n            the marine; and is now at Brest, Billaud de Varennes and Carnot, it is said, are to go\n            to the army of the North\u2014Couthon and Collot d\u2019Herbois are very influential with the\n            popular assemblies\u2014Prieur is less distinguished than either of his Colleagues.\n          The removal of Danton, La Croix, and the other Deputies, who were executed with\n            them\u2014and the extinction of Heberts party, will give a stability to the power of this\n            all-influential Body, which nothing will be able to shake\u2014and will enable them to call\n            forth the resources of this inexhaustible people\u2014and to direct the application of them,\n            if possible, more efficiently than they have even yet done.\n          Since the recovery of Toulon the marine has obtained great attention, and will, it is\n            said, within a short time, be very respectable.\n          Regulations for the government of the navy, calculated to invigorate the discipline,\n            have been lately enacted by the Convention, and are now in force. Every sea-faring\n            person, including the fishermen, are in requisition for public service.\n          Viewed in the light I have here placed it, the picture of France is pleasing and\n            splendid. But there are shades, which abstract from its beauty, and which a regard to\n            truth makes necessary to confess and to expose.\n          Proceeding less from native defect than from accident, they may be greatly softened,\n            perhaps be entirely removed.\n          In a course of conquest, it is to be apprehended that the lust of dominion may lead\n            this People, already the happiest nation on the globe, in geographical position, to\n            grasp at possessions, which, far from encreasing, would eventually abridge their power\n            and their happiness.\n          The retention of Savoy I regard as a decided affair, and irrevocable\u2014and unless\n            negociations for peace are soon entered upon, I should consider the annexation of\n            Austrian Flanders, and the Dutchy of Luxembourg, to the french Republic, as neither\n            improbable nor remote.\n          This conquest, should it be made, (and that a nation of twenty eight millions of\n            People, situated as the french are, becoming a nation of Soldiers,\n            should, within a very short period, atchieve whatever conquest they attempt, is but too\n            probable)\u2014This conquest, I say, may be more susceptible of restitution in exchange for\n            her Islands\u2014but even that, I think, would be problematic, as,\n            with the extension of her territory, her other means of obtaining their restoration must\n            be dangerously encreased.\n          This is a case for the consideration of those, whom I have neither the power nor the\n            wish to influence; but I am satisfied, from what I see and know, that more political\n            reflection ought immediately to attach to it, than they to whom it is most interesting\n            seem disposed to bestow upon it.\n          As inauspicious to the happiness of France, and the peace of Europe, I can only regret\n            and deprecate the near possibility of such an event.\n          The difficulty of organising the government of France, after peace, would form a darker\n            shade than it does, but for the reflection that the constitution is already\n            prepared\u2014that the nomination to office, and the knowledge, which qualifies to select\n            characters, would be almost exclusively in the possession of the Comit\u00e9 de Salut\n            Public\u2014and that a long continuance in office has already designated the individuals for\n            the offices, which they ought respectively to fill. This is nevertheless a source of\n            serious apprehension, as it regards the internal tranquillity of France, and will be\n            deserving of all the attention, which philosophy and philanthropy can bestow upon\n          To the assuasive touch of time we must refer the obliteration of those remembrances,\n            which may nourish individual resentments, for some years to come. They will not extend\n            beyond the present generation\u2014perhaps they will be extinguished with the war, which\n            occasioned them.\n          It is however to be confessed and lamented that they cloud the prospect.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0404", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 4 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] 4h April 1794\n          Capt. Williamson who is settled in the Genesee Country has given me the enclosed\n              intelligence, and in a subsequent conversation which I have\n            had with him he seems impressed with the Authenticity of the speech\n            of Lord Dorchester, and also of his general ill dispositions towards this Country. I am sir respectfully Your humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0406", "content": "Title: To George Washington from David Stuart, 4 April 1794\nFrom: Stuart, David\nTo: Washington, George\n          Coll Little & Mr Minor have just informed me, that the trespasses committed on your\n            land near Alexa., have much exceeded this winter what has been usual in that way\u2014that\n            the hoop timber of which there was a good deal is entirely gone\u2014that, as if it was not\n            enough to get fire wood without molestation from it, it has now become a practice to cut\n            down & carry off the best timber trees\u2014On asking Coll: Little\u2019s opinion on the best\n            mode of preventing such practices in future\u2014he observed, that Mr Minor who lived\n            convenient to the land, would be the most proper person to give an eye to it; and that\n            he was sure he would do it at your desire.\n          I then applied to Mr Minor to know whether he would or not; his reply was, that he\n            would do it with pleasure if it was your desire\u2014From my knowledge of Mr Minor, I really\n            think him the most proper person you can employ for the purpose, as he lives very near\n            if not adjoining to the land; and is very active and stirring.\n          I expect it is no news to you to be informed, that our small grain at present, has but\n            a bad appearance.\n          I have just recieved a letter from Mr Macrae of Georgia formerly an inhabitant of this\n            place, requesting me to mention him to you as a Candidate for the office lately filled\n            by Mr Forsyth in that State\u2014From the impression, that you will be aided in making your\n            appointment, from the variety of characters presented to you; I take the liberty of\n            recommending him to your consideration\u2014He was much respected in this place, as an\n            intelligent honest man. I am Dr: Sr, with the greatest respect\n            Your Affecte: Serv:", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0407", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 4 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n            United States 4 April 1794.\n          I lay before you three letters from our Minister in London;\n            advices concerning the Algierine Mission, from our Minister at Lisbon and others; and a letter from the Minister Plenipotentiary of the French\n            Republic to the Secretary of State, with his answer.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0409", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 5 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President & encloses the\n            draft of a Passport for the vessel of Mr Fitzsimons which he understands the President\n            had agreed to give. Mr Fitzsimons states that there will be on board, 8 barrels bread, 3\n            bbls Beef, 1 bbl Pork & 1 barrel hams. all the articles but the last are understood\n            to be intended for the subsistence of such of our seamen as may incline to come in the\n            vessel\u2014the barrel of hams destined for a present.\n            The vessel only waits it is said for the Passport.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0410", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 5 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia 5th April 1794\n          I beg leave respectfully to submit as my opinion that General Chapin should be\n            authorised to offer Captain Brant, an Annuity for life, a sum not less than One thousand\n            nor more than one thousand five hundred Dollars, agreable to the tenor of the letter\n            herewith submitted to General Chapin. If this letter sir should receive your approbation\n            Captain Williamson will undertake to deliver it safely. I have\n            the honor to be sir Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0411", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Francis Mercer, 5 April 1794\nFrom: Mercer, John Francis\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia, April. 5th 94.\n          I have been delayd unexpectedly in the receit of Money which I had a right to expect\n            here, & am now called home by an express giving me very disagreable news from my\n              family I therefore enclose you the order on Mr Jones for one\n            half the Rents of 92 & 93 & consider myself engaged that they shall produce you\n            56\u00a3 V\u27e8iga\u27e9 Cur., & Interest or be liable therefor. I am\n            respectfully Yr Ob. hle Ser.\n            John F. Mercer", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0412", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Nicholas, 6 April 1794\nFrom: Nicholas, John\nTo: Washington, George\n          In a crisis like the present nothing can require apology which may proceed from\n            patriotism. The object of my letter may perhaps induce a suspicion that I am governed by\n            party views, but when I disclaim the influence of numbers I may expect so far to escape\n            imputation as to leave my opinions in their just force\u2014I claim your attention from the\n            motive which determined me to make this address rather than promote the united\n            expression of a sentiment, common to many, which might have wounded your feelings and in\n            the end committed your reputation\u2014whatever may be my reception I hold it a duty to\n            proceed under an impression that your information of the public opinion must be partial\n            & that to forbear would be to expose you to censure for a conduct which may be\n            proper in the supposed state of things.\n          It is rumoured in the city that you are about to send an Envoy to the court of Great\n            Britain and that your choice will probably fall on the Secretary of the treasury\u2014You will pardon me for saying that the measure in itself is\n            improper because unnecessary and that when connected with the instrument it bodes infi\n            nite mischief to yourself and your country.\n          I consider the measure as improper in the present state of things because they are\n            liable to change at the will of the legislature & your own and\n            the public dignity would be involved in the revocation of his authority\u2014I cannot\n            conceive it to be practicable to make a special mission which will not be liable to this\n            fate, for I cannot conceive it be possible that Congress will adjourn without doing\n            something which will no longer leave it optional with Great Britain to do us justice\u2014If\n            a measure of this sort should be adopted the mission will be improper because America\n            will be the most convenient place for settling our losses & it is most honorable for\n            us to extort in appearance as well as reality, the compensation we claim\u2014If the\n            operation of the measure is limited by law to the time when the British Court shall\n            engage to make satisfaction, it is presumed that no executive declaration will be\n            necessary on that subject & that, aided by the law the national honor will rest\n            safely on our present minister\u2014When ostensible reasons fail for\n            any measure secret ones will be sought after & these will be found in those subjects\n            on which the public are most jealous and for which the appointed instrument will be most\n            solicitous\u2014at all events, with so little appearance of necessity, you must expect to\n            incur the blame of every exceptionable act of his whether authorized or not.\n          I confess myself astonished to hear the nomination which is made for this office\u2014at a\n            time when perhaps more than half America have determined it to be unsafe to trust power\n            in the hands of this person however remotely it is connected with many of the odious\n            traits in his character\u2014at a time when at least one half the legislature are afraid to\n            exert themselves in the most trying situation of their country, lest his present powers\n            should enable him to wrest them to purposes which he is supposed by them to entertain\n            & which they dread more than the open attack of Great Britain\u2014at a time when this\n            person is the avowed friend of Great Britain in the most infamous contest, when all his\n            measures have tended to throw this country into her arms & many entertain suspicion\n            with some grounds that the present hostility of that country to this is partly intended\n            to aid his well known attachment to it\u2014to appoint him to an office in which he could\n            immediately & successfully advance his purposes would be to stake the American\n            happiness on the justice of one of two opinions where both are advocated by equal\n            numbers\u2014every man in a republic is a centinel on public safety and the warnings of\n            danger should [be] listened to rather than the assurances of safety\n            from the importance of the consequences which may follow\u2014I confess my expectation was of\n            a very different kind, that he who was elected to office by the love of the people would\n            not exercise his power to the destruction of their happiness & is it less when he\n            who is suffered to shares most of the authority of the government is suspected of\n            undermining the public happiness\u2014I may be told that these suspicions are groundless and\n            that an equal number of men in America are strongly attached to him\u2014both may be true\n            & yet the injury remain unimpaired\u2014if there are deep rooted prejudices which visibly\n            gain strength is it not inhuman to continually resist them\u2014if children are afraid of\n            hobgoblins is it not unwise and cruel to cherish and alarm their fears\u2014it is immaterial\n            what is the truth unless it can be conveyed to our minds\u2014let the rate of understanding\n            be what it will men must be governed on an estimate of what it is & not what it\n            might be\u2014but he is supported by equal numbers\u2014this if an argument at all will be found a\n            strong one for his dismission\u2014one side hopes an accession of good the other side the\n            loss of all that is dear to them\u2014is there an equality in these pretensions\u2014there\n            certainly would not be if the makers were unequal\u2014the government no body will say\n            depends on him\u2014one half America determine that it will be ruined by him\u2014In all\n            governments it has been found necessary to consult the public opinion on the persons\n            employed & it has ever been concluded that a continued favor to an unpopular servant\n            ought to involve the master in the blame. In America this has not yet happened altho\u2019 I\n            greatly fear it is rapidly in progress\u2014the unexampled affection of the people to you\n            requires more to shake their confidence than is usually necessary but natural causes\n            must operate & it is a well known principle that small injuries obliterate important\n            services\u2014this is not contradicted by present experience, for there is rather a\n            suspension of opinion than a disregard of wrong\u2014the present moment may determine the\n            mind & to be sure the love of our country will fully justify the decision\u2014to put a\n            drawn sword into the hands of a suspected madman is to expose every body in his way to\n            ruin & when the mischief shall happen it will be a poor satisfaction to say you did\n            not believe it\u2014the affection of the people has hitherto prevented their blame of your\n            measures from lessening their confidence in you, but it will be a poor return for what\n            should excite your gratitude to persevere in what is disagreable to\n            them\u2014the strongest affection cannot withstand injury whetted by insult\u2014did it never\n            occur to you that the divisions of America might be ended by the sacrafice of this one\n            man\u2014I do sincerely believe from my own knowledge of the causes of divisions & the\n            obvious interest that his partizans have to unite in any mode of executing the\n            government which will preserve it\u2019s credit, that they would & to a heart solicitous\n            for it\u2019s countrys happiness the event must be most desireable.\n          I have extended this subject to great length without saying half that occurs &\n            indeed it was only my intention to have given a testimony to public opinion which you\n            may perhaps not have heard\u2014I aver it to be as I have stated it\u2014the consequences must be\n            obvious to you\u2014if the mission should be unfortunate you will bear the undivided odium\u2014if\n            it should be successful it will do you no service, for the event will be too late to\n            stop the opinion that you are determined to govern America according to your own\n            inclination & that of one half it\u2019s inhabitants and in contempt of the most rooted\n            opinions of the other half\u2014Among them at present you possess almost universal confidence\n            & it should be rendered dear to you by the reflection that it has stood the conflict\n            of opinions unaided by the smallest dependence on your influence\u2014I myself am one of\n            those who have hitherto shut my eyes on those events which could even shake my\n            confidence in your discernment & I declare I shall meet the event with grief which\n            will persuade me that you are no longer your countrys bulwark.\n          Are you apprized of the clamour which is raised against the government by Mr Morris\n            being employed in a service for which his principles render him so unfit\u2014Mr H. is understood to have the same wishes with respect to France &\n            a position at London will be infinitely more favorable for their gratification than at\n            Paris\u2014faction has doubted whether you could be a friend to the revolutionary principle\n            & throw such a stumbling block in it\u2019s way\u2014a second appointment of that sort will\n            give distrust to every jealous defender of the right of self government.\n          Can you justify to America increasing the power of a man who is now under question for\n            that which he already has? with so many objections to him will\n            it not shew an excess of favoritism to appoint him to an office inconsistent with the\n            duties of that which he already fills? May it not deserve consideration whether you can dispense with the exercise of official duty as you will do by\n            sending the officer from America.\n          When the above was written it was my intention as you will perceive by the contents to\n            have sent it without a signature & on one account I wished for concealment, but\n            reflection tells me that I do justice neither to my principles nor present intentions in\n            supposing that one or the other can be doubted\u2014If the spirit in which it is written\n            should be conveyed by it I shall have no reason to regret the want of those expressions\n            of respect which I could honestly have mixed with my political opinions\u2014If there is any\n            information which I may be supposed to possess which is desireable to you I shall take\n            pleasure in attending you\u2014I am with the greatest respect yr mo.\n            John Nicholas", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0413", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 6 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia April 6th 1794\n          Your letter & Reports of the 1st instant I have received, and am glad to find by\n            the first that you have got your family safe to Mount Vernon; as, unquestionably, it\n            will be a satisfaction to you to have them along with you. Change of Air may, and I hope\n            will, restore your eldest daughter to health again.\n          I had no doubt but that the late capture of our Vessels by the British Cruisers,\n            followed by the Embargo, which has been laid on the Shipping in our Ports, wd naturally\n            occasion a temporary fall in the article of provisions; yet, as\n            there are the same mouths to feed as before; as the demand, consequently, will be as\n            great; and as the Crops in other parts of the world will not be increased by these\n            means, I have no doubt at all, but that, as soon as the present impediments are removed\n            the prices of flour will rise to what it has been (at least) for which reason hold mine\n            up to the prices mentioned in my last; & if they are offered, make a provisory\n            agreement, to be ratified, or not, by me; an answer to which can be obtained in a\n              week. With respect to the Wheat on hand, you must (if you hear\n            nothing to the contrary from me) be governed by circumstances & your own judgment,\n            in getting it out of the straw; but, at any rate, remove it into the Barns for the\n            purpose of threshing in weather when the people cannot work out.\n          When salt, or any other article of which you are in want, gets to a high price, provide\n            for the present occasion only unless there is a moral certainty\n            of their rising still higher; in that case prudence would direct otherwise.\n          It was not my expectation that either grass or grain could be rolled at the expence of\n            stopping the Ploughs; consequently, if the Oxen were not in a condition for the\n            accomplishment of this work the execution of it was not to be expected: but is not this\n            an instance among a variety of others, of the impolicy of not breaking a great number of Steers at each of the Farms? which would prevent the few\n            that are broke from being reduced too low for the services thereof. Twenty Oxen are not\n            more expensive than ten broke, & ten unbroke Steers, because you feed them as Oxen\n            only when they are worked; and unbroke steers must be fed, as well as Oxen (though not\n            in the same manner) at other times. By this means there never would be a want of draught\n            Cattle for Cart, Harrow or Roller.\n          How does the young grass which was sown in the new meadows, last fall, and the clover\n            come on? Was the latter injured much by the Winter?\n          Besides the number of Stacks which are yet in Wheat, I wanted to know what those stacks\n            are supposed to contain; and this the Overseers, by comparing the size of them with\n            those which have been tread out, may certainly give a pretty near guess at.\n          The three bushels & half of Oats, mentioned to you in my last, are not of such\n            superior quality as I had been led to expect from the account given of them; yet,\n            notwithstanding, ground may be kept sometime longer for them, or until you hear further\n            from me, on this head.\n          The imposition with respect to the Garden seeds, is very unjustifiable; \u2019tis infinately\n            worse than simple robbery, for there you loose your money only,\n            but when it is given for bad seed you lose your money, your labour in preparing for the\n            reception of them, and a whole season.\n          Cloaths must be provided for the Young Gardener at Alexandria. Those for work to be\n            strong, & substantial. Sunday, or holliday Cloaths to be decent, and such as may\n            please without going to more expence than is necessary: but of the latter class I should\n            conceive he can be in no want now, unless he has made an improper\n            use of a whole suit (of very good Cloaths) which were given to him the latte end of\n            October last.\n          I am sorry to find that my chance for Lambs this year, is so bad. It does not appear to\n            me by the Reports that I shall have more than a third of what I had last year: what this\n            can be ascribed to is beyond my comprehension, unless it be for want of Rams, or bad\n            Rams. Let therefore, at Shearing time, a selection of the best formed, & otherwise\n            promising ram lambs be set apart (in sufficient numbers) to breed from; & when they\n            are fit for it, cut the old ones and turn them aside, to be disposed of.\n          At Shearing time also, let there be a thorough culling out, of all\n            the old, and indifferent sheep from the flocks, that they may be disposed of, &\n            thereby save me the mortification of hearing every week of their death! which is the\n            more vexatious as I was taught to believe that every indifferent sheep was drawn for\n            this purpose last Spring, notwisthstanding the loss of them which has been sustained the\n            past winter; and indeed unto the present moment.\n          When you go next to Alexandria take the exact dimensions of the rooms in my house at\n            that place, that I may send paper for them. Give the length & breadth of each. and\n            height from the wash board to the Chair board (as they are commonly called) and thence\n            to the Cornish, if any, with the doors and windows, & size of them, in each room or\n            passage. If there is occasion to make good the plastering in any of the rooms, no white\n            wash is to be put thereon; because it is improper for paper. Thomas Davis must paint the\n            outsides of both houses there; the lower part of a stone colour, and the roofs red. the\n            Inside of the dwelling house is also to be painted. The whole in short is to be put in\n            very good, & decent condition. If the planking between the two houses is plained,\n            this also should be painted. I am Your friend &ca\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0414", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 6 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia April 6. 1794.\n          I conclude from what you observed yesterday, that in the nomination of an envoy\n            extraordinary to London, you prefer some statement more special, than is customary in\n            nominations. I beg leave therefore to present to you a short review of the subject; that\n            you may determine, whether the occurrences in the legislature are ripe for such a\n          I believe, that I was among the first, if not the first, who suggested this mission to\n            your consideration; and I am still its advocate. I was induced to think favorably of the\n            measure; 1. because the representations, made by our minister in ordinary, seemed to rest on the British files among the business, which, if ever\n            entered upon, would be entered upon, at extreme leisure; 2. because the recent\n            accumulations of injuries called for pointed notice; 3. because the merchants and\n            insurers would suspect an inattention in government, if their interests were left to the\n            routine and delays of common affairs, and would on the other hand be highly gratified by\n            the movement; 4. because the British nation, without whose affections the British\n              Minister can do nothing of importance in war, ought to be\n            retained by the strongest demonstrations in the persuasion, that we mean peaceable\n            negotiation, rather than war; and 5. because a distinguished character, sent fresh from\n            the feelings of the U.S., would with more confidence assert, and with more certainty\n          I confess, that two remarks, which came from yourself, had for some time employed my\n            thoughts. These related to the sensations, which might be excited in Mr Pinckney, and to\n            those, which may be excited in the people of our country.\n          To wound unnecessarily a valuable and meritorious officer, as Mr Pinckney is, may be\n            affirmed to be a public mischief. But this will not be the case, I hope. He will admit,\n            that on great occasions, such missions are often instituted; that they are never\n            interpreted by the diplomatic world, as a disparagement of the minister resident; and\n            that a step of so much eclat will rouse the British court from their profound slumber\n            over our various applications. He may moreover to receive s\u27e8uch\u27e9 declarations of\n            continuing confidence, as to calm little possible inquietudes.\n          The same kind of considerations will satisfy the animadversions of\n            our citizens. For, if a man, the most conspicuous for talents and character were now the\n            stationary representative of the U.S. at London, the efficacy of a solemn and special\n            mission may still upon the foregoing principles, be easily conceived.\n          And yet, the difference between one grade and another is not so powerful as of itself\n            to secure a difference of reception to our demands. The Envoy will be impotent, if he is\n            to carry with him only the language of rhetoric, or of menaces without the power of\n            revenge. To fulfil the purpose of his creation, he must shew, that the U.S. can and will\n            vindicate their rights. But measures of this kind depend on congress alone; and from\n            them we have the embargo alone. They are employed in\n            discussions, leading to these Objects. To nominate an envoy\n            immediately, or until you see the nature and extent of the preparations, may perhaps be\n            to nominate an useless officer; and, if by such a nomination it is proposed to give a\n            direction to the views and deliberations of congress, may it not be better to send a\n            message to them, urging them to adopt the preparatory steps, than to run the risque of\n            appointing a gentleman, who, if our state of imbecility is to remain, cannot, except\n            from personal qualities, have more influence, than Mr Pinckney. It would be unusual too,\n            to expect by an act done to the Senate in its executive capacity, that its influence\n            should extend to the other house in its legislative.\n          I believe indeed, that to postpone the nomination will be attended with two advantages;\n            the one is, that after congress shall have given nerve to our affairs, the propriety of\n            the mission will no longer be questionable; nor will it require those arguments, which\n            in the present state of things will not be sufficiently apparent; the other is, that the\n            person nominated will then be able to decide, whether he would choose to be the\n            missionary, after certain acts of congress. For example, it might not accord with the\n            opinions of some gentlemen, to go, with an act of Sequestration in their hands.\n          Notwithstanding the suspension of the nomination, you may perhaps approve of mentioning\n            in the mean time your intention eventually to the person, whom you contemplate. I must request your instruction, whether I am to prepare the\n            message to the senate immediately. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0415", "content": "Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 7 April 1794\nFrom: Clinton, George\nTo: Washington, George\n            New York 7th April 1794\n          I had the honor of receiving your Letter of the 31st Ultimo a few Days ago\u2014Could I have\n            had reason to suppose that the Authenticity of Lord Dorchester\u2019s Speech to the Indians\n            would have been doubted by any I presume I might have procured at the Time the most\n            unquestionable Testimony respecting it.\n          A Deputation from the St Regis Indians arrived at Albany some Time in the Month of\n            February\u2014Their Object was to sollicit the State to appoint Commissioners to negotiate\n            with their Tribes about certain Lands they claim within Our Limits\u2014They informed me that the Chiefs of the seven Villages of lower Canada were deputed\n            by the Western Nations (mentioned in his Lordships Speech) to confer with him on the\n            very Subject referred to in it, and that some short Time before they left Home those\n            Chiefs had set out for Quebec with this Object in View. They also told me a few Hours before my getting the Copy of the Speech that they had received a\n            Letter from their Chiefs stating that they had conferred with Lord Dorchester and\n            obtained a satisfactory Answer; which was afterwards explained to me by them as only\n            meaning an explicit, not a satisfactory Answer; but my Informants pretended Ignorance of\n            it\u2019s Contents\u2014Colo. Louis mentioned to me in Confidence his Apprehensions of a War\n            between the British & Americans and seemed desierous of sending to St Regis for his\n            Wife and Children instead of returning there; which he would have done had I not advised\n            him to the contrary and gave him Assurances that should a War take Place I would take\n            Measures for removing his Familly to Oneida\u2014From these\n            Circumstances\u2014From the Confidence I reposed in the Discernment & Integrity of\n            Colonel Udney Hay who transmitted me the Speech and from its coincidence with Sentiments\n            of Lord Dorchester and Governor Simcoe respecting their being no acknowledged Boundary\n            Line as avowed to Colo. Samuel Ogden in a Report made by him to me a Duplicate whereof I\n            believe was delivered to the Secretary at War\u2014There was no Room\n            for Doubt left on my Mind, and a Letter from Colo. Joseph Fay which I now inclose will\n            serve to coroberate the Fact.\n          I shall not fail to pay the earliest Attention to the interesting Inquieries which you\n            wish me to make and I shall endeavour to conduct them in such a Manner as to prevent any\n            Alarm and ensure a Reliance upon the Result\u2014In the Mean Time it may not be amiss to\n            communicate the following Circumstances.\n          Quebec Isle \u00e0 Noux & St Johns are the only fortified Places in Lower Canada.\n            Chamble & Montreal are not in a state of defence\u2014All the\n            armed Vessels employed on Lake Champlain last War are condemned. A new one has been\n            lately built & now traverses that Lake\u2014I have not been able to learn the Number of\n            regular Troops in that Province\u2014The Militia is by no Means formidable but their Numbers\n            I cannot with any accuracy ascertain.\n          The antient Inhabitants are disatisfied with the Government\u2014and in Case of a Rupture I\n            have good Reason to believe would be disposed to act in our Favour\u2014A proclamation of\n            Lord Dorchester which I understand has been forwarded to the late Secy of State evinces\n            in some degree his Apprehensions on this Subject.\n          The Vermont Militia in the Neighbourhood of the British Lines is formidable\u2014The\n            Settlements of Clinton County on our Side are recent and dispersed, and do not exceed\n            500 enrolled Militia\u2014The greater Part of these however are contiguous to the British\n            Lines and are well dispossed.\n          As to Upper Canada\u2014The Fortresses are much decayed and thinly garrisoned, altho they\n            have lately made some Repairs to the Fort at Niagara\u2014The Fort at Oswego is utterly\n            defenceless and only garrisoned by a single incompleat Company and I presume at this\n            Moment might be taken without the effusion of a single drop of blood\u2014Governor Simcoe is\n            erecting a Fortress at Torronto (now called the City of York) on the West End of Lake\n            Ontario\u2014I understand that he has established in his Government a Regiment of about 1000\n            Men on a Plan similar to the Feudal System and consisting chiefly of the Officers &\n            Soldiers of the irregular Corps that served under the British last War\u2014They occupy the\n            Settlement of Catteraqui & consist of about 5000 Souls. The\n            Regular Troops in that Province consist of three Regiments, one stationed at the City of\n            York another at Niagara & the third at D. Troit but neither of them are compleat\n            that at York is greatly reduced by a Fever that prevailed among them last Summer.\n          Our nearest Settlements to the Line of thei\u27e8r\u27e9 Provinces are in the Vicinity of the\n            Oswego Falls Fort Stanwix and the Genesse River The enrolled\n            Militia of the Counties of Herkimer Onondago and Ontario in which these Places are\n            situated consist of between 4 & 5000 Men as nearly as I can compute but they are\n            very deficient in Point of Arms, and live considerably dispersed. I am with the highest\n            Respect & Esteem, your Most Obedient Servant\n            Geo. Clinton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0417", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Carl Andreas Kierrulf, 7 April 1794\nFrom: Kierrulf, Carl Andreas (Charles Andr\u00e9)\nTo: Washington, George\n          Some time ago I took the Liberty To present to Your Excellency in Your quality as a\n            Citizen and Chief magistrate of the United States a Petition and Some memoirs annexed\n            thereto, respecting the deserved and undeserved Distress heaped on me by the fury of\n            Despotism, flattering myself, to obtain thereby a Resolution agreeable to my Wishes.\n          Your Excellency caused my Papers to be returned to me by Mr Jefferson, the late\n            Secretary of State, without resolving any Thing on my Petition or paying any Regard to\n            my distressed Situation, as a friend to humanity a Freeman and President of a free\n          A mistake must have taken place, I suppose, or Your Excellency have, misled by an\n            incomplete or even a false Report made on my Papers by the late Secretary of State,\n            determined, to abandon myself to my unhappy situation.\n          For, imagining any other reason would compromitting the glory of a Washington So\n            celebrated in Europe, of a personage of his manner of thinking, who has announced\n            himself as a learned man as a Doctor in Philosophy and Theology and as a Statesman whose\n            Faculties were improved by travelling, so, that even to suppose an other motive, would\n            be insulting Humanity the Rights of Man and Liberty in Your Excy\u2019s Person.\n          Please Your Excellency, to grant Pardon to the frank Language of an upright Man; I am\n            induced to think the Chief of a free Empire blest with so high a Degree of generosity as\n            not to disdain placing himself for a moment in my Situation, and he will be convinced of\n            the property of my Conduct, that prompts me to proceed without forms, as it becometh to\n          I could wish to request of Your Excellency the granting of an Audience, that would\n            enable me with Assistance of an American, serving as an Interpreter, to explain my\n            Situation, my Pretensions and what little merit I claim, Certainly, no European has\n            before me, visited this Continent, who Suffered so much by Persecution on account of the\n            good Cause and who might yet do So much in behalf of the same. Therefore I again\n            recommend myself as a Patriot, as a man of merit and an Unfortunate to the benevolent\n            attention of the Chief of the first Republic as being principally concerned in\n            patronizing the affairs of Humanity. remaining Your Excellency\u2019s most devoted and humble\n            (signed) Carl Andreas Kienalf \n            Living in Front-street No. 77. at the french Coffee-house.\n            P.S. In order to rectify the Translation of Mr Kienalf\u2019s Letter I beg Leave to\n            1)\u2003I qualified the Translation, as the Civilists use to say: \u201cSern perande verba in\n            2)\u2003In case the Writer thereof pretends to be a Native of Germany, h\u27e8e\u27e9 by no means\n              can, by his stile be looked \u27e8u\u27e9pon as a Man of sufficient Knowledge, to manage a\n              beneficial Resolution, so, that, while his own Indiscretion spares him from being\n              called a mere Enthousiast, he does not in the least display those grand Abilities, a Man ought to possess, that has done or will be in future able to\n              do much good in the important but delicate Cause of Liberty.\n            The Translator.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0418", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 7 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War Department, April 7th 1794.\n          I have the honor to submit to your consideration, the propriety of embarking a\n            detachment of recruits, of about fifty, now in this place, either for Charleston, or\n            Georgia; in order to guard the batteries, for the present, which are to be erected upon\n            the Sea coast of those States. I am Sir, Most respectfully, Your\n            obedient Servant.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0419", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 7 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Knox, Henry\n          If the number of recruits in the Atlantic States, can afford a detachment of fifty men\n            to the southward without too great an exposure of more important objects, it will accord\n            with my opinion that that number should be sent thither. And they may be designated for\n            Charleston or Savannah, as shall appear most eligible to you from the\n            information that is to be obtained. Yours &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0420", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 7 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War Department, April 7 1794.\n          I have the honor to submit to your consideration the opinion of the Attorney General\n            upon the act of the legislature of Pennsylvania for securing the trade, peace and safety\n            of the port of Philadelphia, and defending the Western frontiers of the\n              Commonwealth. I am Sir, Most respectfully, Your obedient", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0423", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Wanton, 7 April 1794\nFrom: Wanton, John\nTo: Washington, George\n            Newport Rhode Island April 7th 1794\n          Much has been said concerning the detention of the Schooner, Bayonne, Thomas Greene\n            Master, from St Johns, Nova Scotia. I wish to give your Excellency as just account of\n            the transaction as I can nearly recollect, at 10 oClock A.M. the 1st day of April, arrived here the Schooner Bayonne as\n            abovemention\u2019d. and the Custom house boat went onboard her & brought her Register on\n            Shore, & deliver\u2019d to the Collector; at 4 OClock P.M. I\n            was informd by the Pilot the said Schooner Intended to sail Immediately back to St\n            Johns, I thought it my duty to acquaint the Collector (Wm Ellery Esqr.) with the\n            Circumstance, accordingly I waited on him, & inform\u2019d him what I had heard\n            respecting her, & wished to know if he wanted my assistance to stop her, he answered\n            that he wanted none of my assistance, she might go when & where she pleased, for he\n            shou\u2019d not stop her, I then inform\u2019d him I must, as I thought it my duty, accordingly I\n            got a Boat & Manned her with some Gentlemen of the Town who offerd their Service to\n            assist me. & went onboard & weighed her Anchor & brought her into the wharf,\n            & the next Morning onbent her Sails, which I now have in Custody.\n            I acquainted the Governer & Company of this State & they approvd of my\n              Conduct; I shou\u2019d be glad of your Excellencys advice in the\n              matter. I must inform you there has Sail\u2019d from this Port,\n            Since the Embargo tooke place, One Brig bound to Turtola, & a Schooner to\n            Hispaniola, I informed the Collector of their Intention, that I had it from good\n            Authority, they informed me they where going to Providence, not to Sea, altho\u2019 they had\n            their papers onboard, & Shipt a new hand, & paid him his Months advance, which\n            might have informd them they intended for Sea as they have since Saild.\n          I offerd my Service in the same way last Summer, when the Ship from Jamaica run away\n            that had Robbed one of our Vessels, but I was informed it was none of my business, they\n            wanted none of my assistance, but about 8 oClock in the Evening the Marshall waited on\n            me to know if I commanded the Fort. I inform\u2019d him I did, he acquainted me he had a\n            Warrant against the Capt. of the Ship for Piracy, & wished my assistance to take\n            him, or stop her which I Afforded with chearfulness but the Wind soon sprung up to the\n            Northward. & she cut her Cable & got out after my firing two Shot at her. as I have ever Served my Country with Fidelity I still wish to\n            serve it but it hurts my feelings to see things go on in this manner. I am Your\n            Excellencys Most Obdt humble Servt\n            John Wanton.Capt. of Fort Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0425", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 8 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n            [Philadelphia] Tuesday 8th April 1794\n          Annexed to your Statemen\u27e8t\u27e9 of \u201cPrinciples and course of Proce\u27e8ed\u27e9ings\u201d I have given\n            the certificat\u27e8e\u27e9 required. I am yours always\n            Go: Washing\u27e8ton\u27e9", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0426", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 8 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n            United States April 8. 1794\n          I cannot charge my memory with all the particulars which have passed between us,\n            relative to the disposition of the money borrowed. Your letters, however, and my answer;\n            which you refer to in the foregoing statement, and have lately reminded me of, speak for\n            themselves, and stand in need of no explanation.\n          As to verbal communications, I am satisfied, that many were made by you to me on this\n            subject; and from my general recollection of the course of proceedings, I do not doubt,\n            that it was substantially as you have stated it in the annexed paper, that I have\n            approved of the measures, which you, from time to time, proposed to me for disposing of\n            the Loans, upon the condition, that what was to be done by you, should be agreeable to\n            Go. Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0427", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 8 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia April 8 1794\n          I have analised the declaration which you have been pleased to make upon the copy of\n            the paper of the first instant delivered by me to the Committee of Inquiry into the\n            state of the Treasury Department\u2014and find, with regret, that the terms used are such as\n            will enable those, who are disposed to construe every thing to my disadvantage, to\n            affirm \u201cThat the Declaration of The President has intirely waved the main point and does\n            not even manifest an opinion that the representation of the\n            Secretary of the Treasury is well founded.\u201d \n          To this it would be added, that the reserve of the President is a proof that he does\n            not think that representation true\u2014else his justice would have led him to rescue the\n            officer concerned even from suspicion on the point.\n          That this will be the Interpretation put upon your declaration, I\n            have no doubt, and in justice to myself I cannot forbear to make this impression known\n            to you, and to bring the declaration under your revision.\n          I am the more certain that this construction will be put upon the fact from what has\n            heretofore taken place. In the course of the discussion of the last session, an argument\n            of this kind was, in private, urged against me. \u201cIf Mr Hamilton had really acted by the\n            authority of The President, or in due communication with him would not the President\n            take some method either directly to Mr Madison or through Mr Jefferson or Mr Randolph to\n            make known to him, that this ground of accusation did not exist? His not doing it, which\n            may be inferred from Mr Madison\u2019s urging the point, is a proof that there was no\n            cooperation on his part.\u201d \n          In addition to this, I have learnt from an authentic source that a particular\n              Gentleman, supposed to possess good opportunities of\n            information has intimated in a manner to induce a belief of its having come from\n            you\u2014That it never was your intention that any of the loans which were made should have\n            had reference to the Act making provision for the Reduction of the public Debt and that you never knew any thing of the operation while it was going\n          Under all that happened Sir, I cannot help entertaining and frankly expressing to you\n            my apprehension, that false and insidious men, whom you may one day understand, taking\n            advantage of the want of recollection, which is natural, where the mind is habitually\n            occupied with a variety of important objects, have found means by artful suggestions to\n            infuse doubts and distrusts very injurious to me.\n          My consciousness of what has been the real tenor of my conduct and my conviction of the\n            fairness and rectitude of your mind compel me to this conclusion.\n          Upon this as upon every other occasion my desire is to encounter directly and without\n            detour whatever embarrassment may stand in my way\u2014If contrary to what I understood from\n            Mr Lear during the discussion of the matter in Congress, and\n            what I inferred from the late conversations with you\u2014the affair does not stand well in your mind\u2014I request the opportunity of a full and free\n            conference on the subject, to recapitulate and go over all the circumstances which have\n            occurred, in the hope of recalling to your Memory what may have\n            escaped it\u2014and with a wish to abide the result in an explicit form; that is, by a\n            declaration which shall render the main fact unambiguous or shall record the doubt.\n          As on the one hand I expect what is due to the situation\u2014so on the other I seek no\n            palliation of delinquency, no cover for any defect of conduct.\n          The situation is indeed an unpleasant one\u2014Having conducted an important piece of public\n            business in a spirit of confidence dictated by an unqualified reliance, on the \u27e8one\u27e9\n            hand, upon the rectitude, candour and delicacy of the person under whom I was acting, on\n            the other, by a persuasion that the experience of years had secured to me a reciprocal\n            sentiment (whatever imperfections it may have otherwise discovered) and by the belief\n            likewise that however particular instances might be forgotten, the general course of\n            proceeding in so important an affair could not but be remembered\u2014I did not look for a\n            difficulty like that which now seems to press me. Knowing too that there existed in my\n            written communications with The President (not only those which have been specified but\n            others) so many direct and indirect indications of what was truly the course pursued\u2014I\n            still less apprehended a difficulty of that nature when the occasion for explanation\n            should occur.\n          Not seeking to escape responsibility for any improper execution of the laws, if any has\n            happened, I did not imagine that want of immediate authority from the President to do\n            what they would justify would be suffered to remain (the appeal being made to him) a\n            topic of objection to my conduct.\n          In the freedom of these remarks, I flatter myself, Sir, that you will perceive nothing\n            but that just sensibility which a man of honor, who thinks his veracity exposed to\n            question, ought to feel, and that you will be persuaded I continue yet to retain\n            undiminished all that respect which a long established conviction of the existence of an\n            upright and virtuous character ought to inspire. With this sentiment I have the honor to\n            remain Sir Your most Obedient & most humble servant\n            Alexand\u27e8e\u27e9r Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0428", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 8 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War Department, April 8th 1794.\n          I have the honor to enclose, the copy of a letter, just received from the Governor of\n            Maryland, dated the 3rd instant, and submit to your\n            consideration, whether any measures ought to be taken respecting the defence of the\n            harbor at Annapolis. I am Sir, Most Respectfully Your obedt:\n            H. Knox secy of war", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0429", "content": "Title: From George Washington to James McHenry, 8 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: McHenry, James\n          Dear Sir,Philadelphia 8th April\n          Your private letters of the 31st of March & 3d instt have\n            been duly received.\n          Although it is a rare, if not an entire new thing with me, to answer letters applying\n            for appointments, yet from motives of esteem & regard, & our former connexion in\n            public life, I shall acknowledge the receipt of yours on this\n            head; although I can say nothing more on the subject than to explain the motives which\n            have imposed silence upon me on these occasions.\n          1st because letters of this sort are so numerous, that to give them a civil answer woud\n            employ too much of my time. 2d. because civil answers might be construed to mean more\n            than was intended; and 3d because, coeval with my inauguration, I resolved\u2014firmly\u2014that\n            no man should ever charge me justly with deception. Abundant\n            reason I have had to rejoice at this determination; for I have experienced the necessity\n            in a variety of instances of hardening my heart against indulgences of my warmest\n            inclinations & friendships; and from a combination of causes, as well as mere\n            fitness of character, to depart from first impressions, & first intentions with\n            regard to nominations: which has proved, most unequivocally, the propriety of the maxim\n            I had adopted, of never committing myself until the moment the appointment is to be\n            made, when, from the best information I can obtain, & a full view of circumstances\n            my judgment is formed.\n          With respect to your second letter of the 3d of April, I have only to add\u2014and this in\n            confidence\u2014that every thing which friendship requires, and which I could do without\n            committing my public character or involving this Country in embarrassment is, and has\n            been for sometime in train, though the result is, as yet, unknown.\n          I am very sorry to hear of your bad state of health, but hope the approaching pleasant\n            season & warm weather will restore you. With very great\n            Esteem I am\u2014Dr Sir\u2014Yr Affect\u27e8e\u27e9\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0430", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Monroe, 8 April 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Washington, George\n          Having casually heard that it was requested by many of Col. Hamilton\u2019s political\n            associates, that you would nominate him as Envoy to the Court of Great Britain, and as I\n            should deem such a measure not only injurious to the public interest, but also\n            especially so to your own, I have taken the liberty to express that sentiment to you\n            & likewise to observe farther, that in case it is your wish I should explain to you\n            more at large my concern for this opinion, I will wait on you at any hour you may\n            appoint for that purpose. With great respect & esteem, I am\n            sir, Yr most humble servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0431", "content": "Title: Report from the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, 9 April 1794\nFrom: Commissioners of the Sinking Fund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia, 9 April 1794]\n          At a Meeting of the Commissioners of the Sinking fund, mentioned in the Act making\n            provision for the reduction of the public debt, at the Senate\n          The Vice-President of the United States,\n            The Secretary of the Treasury, The Secretary of State, The Attorney\n          A report from Joseph Nourse, register of the Treasury, was read, stating that the\n            dividend of interest arising on the first quarter of the present year on the stock\n            standing to the credit of the said Commissioners, and also to the credit of Samuel\n            Meredith, Treasurer, in trust for the United States, amounted to sixteen thousand five hundred & fifty eight dollars & seventy seven Cents.\n          Whereupon, Resolved, that the same be forthwith applied towards sinking the public debt\n            by purchasing stock upon rules & principles conformable to the last resolutlon of\n          Resolved, that the sum of fifty thousand dollars be also appropriated & applied in\n            like manner.\n          Resolved, that Samuel Meredith, be the Agent for making the said purchases of\n          Signed by order of the board,\n          Approved, April 12.\n            Geo. Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0432", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 9 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Knox, Henry\n            [Philadelphia] April 9th 1794.\n          In reply to your letter of yesterday, I observe, that to fortify Annapolis is, in my\n            judgment, a very proper measure. But I do not see that the Executive of the U. States\n            can take any steps towards it until the result of the motion, now pending in the House\n            of Representatives, be known.\n          It is my desire that you would examine carefully the Speeches which have been made in\n            this City, & elsewhere, to the Tribes of Indians now in amity with us that\n            unfulfilled promises (if any) may be complied with.\n          I desire also, that the requisites of such laws as have passed this Session (not\n            already in execution) within the purview of the Department of War, may be reported to\n            me, that directions may issue accordingly.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0434", "content": "Title: From George Washington to James Monroe, 9 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Monroe, James\n            Philadelphia April 9th 1794\n          In reply to your letter of yesterday, I can assure you with the utmost truth, that I\n            have no other object in nominating men to offices than to fill them with such characters\n            as, in my judgment, or (when they are unknown to me) from such information as I can\n            obtain from others, are best qualified to answer the purposes of their appointment.\n          Having given you this assurance, I request, if you are possessed of any facts or\n            information, which would disqualify Colo. Hamilton for the mission to which you refer,\n            that you would be so obliging as to communicate them to me in writing. I pledge myself,\n            they shall meet the most deliberate, impartial & candid consideration I am able to\n          Colo. Hamilton & others have been mentioned, & have occurred to me as an Envoy\n            for endeavouring by negotiation, to avert the horrors of War.\n          No one (if the measure should be adopted) is yet absolutely decided on in my mind; but\n            as much will depend, among other things, upon the abilities of the person sent\u2014and his\n            knowledge of the affairs of this Country. And as I alone am\n            responsible for a proper nomination, it certainly behoves me to name such an one as in\n            my judgment combines the requisites for a mission so peculiarly interesting to the peace & happiness of this country. With\n            great esteem & regard I am\u2014Sir Your Obedt Hble Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0435", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 9 April 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 9 April 1794. GW wrote\n            Pearce on 13 April that \u201cyour letter of the 9th instt (which with the weekly reports)\n            have been duly received.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0437", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 9 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia April 9. 1794.\n          I do myself the honor of inclosing for your consideration the request of Mr Philip Mark\n            to be appointed consul of the United States in the Germanic Empire. His recommendations are also forwarded, and will be found to be\n            satisfactory. As before an office is instituted, it ought to be seen to promise public\n            utility, I have inquired into the effect of the establishment solicited. The benefits\n            proposed are the aid, which a consul, fixed at Nuremberg in Franconia may give to\n            Emigration; the facility, which he may afford to the remittances of property from\n            thence; and a certain portion of intercourse carried on, as Mr King represents to me,\n            between New-York and Nuremberg. The only question therefore of\n            serious consideration in this business seems to be; whether any political objections\n            exist against the sending of a consul for the first time now into\n            Germany? or whether an offence even to the caprice of any other government, when so\n            small a public good is to be produced, ought to be hazarded? These are subjects of\n            expediency only; and do not operate very strongly upon my own mind;\n            altho\u2019 I thought it proper to lay them before you. I have the\n            honor, sir, to be with the highest respect Yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0438", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 10 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Knox, Henry\n          After giving the application contained in the Memorial of Doctr White (herewith\n            returned) all the consideration it deserves, you will report what you think can &\n            ought to be done for the protection of the District of Mero under present\n              circumstances. I am &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0439", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 10 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            The Secretary of War respectfully reports to the President of the United\n            War Department April 10. 1794\n          That it appears from an examination of the Acts which have\n            passed during the present session of Congress, that the duties hereinafter enumerated to\n            be performed by the said Secretary under the directions of the President of the United\n          1st.\u2003The act for the defence of certain ports &\n          The purchase of the lands on which the fortifications are to be erected, provided such\n            lands shall be private property, and shall not be ceded by the respective states,\n            conformably to the third section of the said Act.\n          It is presumed however that those purchases are not to be made\n            until a sufficient time shall elapse to ascertain whether the respective states will\n            make, or not, the cessions in question. The other parts of the said Act are in a train\n            of execution.\n          2d.\u2003The act relatively to the naval armament.\n          Preparatory arrangements are making by the master builders of this city to ascertain\n            the sizes of the ships and to have drafts and models made of the same. The sizes of the\n            cannon and the places where it may be expedient under all circumstances to build the\n            frigates contemplated are also under consideration. As soon as these particulars shall\n            be satisfactorily ascertained (which will be very shortly) a particular report thereon\n            will be submitted to the President of the United States. But it\n            is doubted whether any considerable progress can be made in this business until there\n            shall be an appropriation to defray the expenses thereof.\n          3d.\u2003The act for erecting and repairing of Arsenals and\n            Magazines, and for other purposes.\n          The first section of this act requires two places to be designated as Arsenals and\n            Magazines in addition to Carlisle and Springfield either or both of which may be\n            continued as part of the number of three or four setts of Arsenals and Magazines at the\n            discretion of the President.\n          Springfield seems to combine all the requisite qualities of a permanent Arsenal and\n            Magazine, but there are certain repairs which will be necessary.\n          But a question arises as to Carlisle. The subscriber submits the opinion that the\n            buildings there be put into repair which probably may be done in a respectable degree\n            for one thousand or one thousand five hundred Dollars. This measure seems necessary\n            whether the buildings be retained or sold. No doubt exists as to the defective qualities\n            of the place as a national repository on account of the locality of the situation and\n            the expences which would accrue in transporting the stores by land to and from the said\n            place. At present however it does not seem that any authority is vested for the purpose\n            of selling the buildings. The repairs therefore seem indispensible upon \u0153conomical\n              principles.\n          If the idea of a permanent establishment at Carlisle be upon mature consideration\n            deemed inadmissible then it would seem most proper to form a Magazine upon the Potowmac\n            above the falls. The place most suitable to be sought, combining the greatest facilities\n            of water transportation, populousness of the neighbouring country, and water for the\n            necessary works. A person of accurate judgment ought to be appointed for this purpose,\n            and to report the place for the decision of the President.\n          The southern Magazine and Arsenal may probably be fixed upon the Santee so as to\n            combine all the water communications, water for the works, and other advantages which\n            properly belong to the establishment, and in like manner to report for decision. It\n            would seem proper for the person or persons who should perform this business ought to be\n            an able surveyor who should return an accurate plan of the proposed scites and of the\n            elevation of the grounds and all other circumstances in the vicinity.\n          A question may arise whether the Armouries specified in the second section of the said\n            Act should be immediately commenced in the places which shall be decided upon and the\n            proportions of stores destined to each place transported thereto with all convenient\n            expedition. These measures seen to be the natural and immediate consequences of the\n            places being fixed. And also that prompt measures should be adopted to have the\n            permanent buildings erected of the nature and form which shall be adopted to the\n            quantity of stores intended to be deposited. If these ideas should be approved proper\n            characters for Superintendants and Master Armourers will be sought after and their names\n            submitted.\n          The third section specifies a person to superintend the receiving\n            safe keeping and distribution of Stores, and also for the due accounting of the same. It\n            would seem by the law that this appointment is vested solely in the President of the\n            United States, and it is so explained by the members of both houses. Samuel Hodgdon is\n            submitted as the person most proper for this office. He has been in the practice of some\n            of the most essential of its duties for sixteen years, and his integrity and competency\n            appear to have been amply tested by experience.\n          It is submitted that the arms ammunition and military stores contemplated the fourth\n            section of the said Act should be purchased according to the following list.\n          Estimate of the expence of purchasing the following articles\u2014\n              7000 Muskets and Bayonets\n          It is presumed the above number added to the good muskets in possession of the United\n            states together with those which are deemed worthy of repair will amount to 50,000 the\n            number directed.\n              spare bayonets\n              large horseman\u2019s pistols\n              Cartridge boxes\n              Soldiers Tents\n              Horseman\u2019s do for company Officers\n              Marquees for General & Field Officers\n              eight inch brass howitzers each weighg 1500 lb\n              field carriages for ditto\n              tons of Saltpetre or 100 tons powder\n          It is to be understood that all these articles are additional to any contained in\n            preceding estimates.\n          The above is a copy of an estimate laid before Congress on the 4th march last, and therefore ought to be provided, and as\n            they have appropriated the sum of three hundred and forty thousand Dollars it is\n            submitted that the excess be expended in the purchase of one hundred and fifty tons of\n            Powder, or Saltpetre and Sulphur equal thereto.\n          But it is to be apprehended that the rise of the above articles will greatly diminish\n            the quantities specified in the estimate.\n          As the article of ammunition is now under consideration. This will not be an improper\n            place to bring to the view of the President of the United States the following general\n            ideas upon this subject.\n          The United States have now in store about four thousand four hundred barrells of\n            powder, but the four hundred may be considered as in a train of expenditure, a\n            considerable proportion thereof being with the army. If to this quantity be added the\n            two hundred and fifty tons for which the appropriations are made, there then would be\n            about nine thousand barrells. This quantity would have been pretty respectable were it\n            not for two circumstances which have been created by late laws to wit\u2014\n          The first is the fortification of certain ports and harbours.\n          The second, the creation of six frigates.\n          These objects will require and bring into use seven hundred pieces of cannon, which may\n            be averaged as of the caliber of twenty four pounders. Each of these pieces ought to be\n            provided with two hundred pounds of powder each round of eight pounds. This additional\n            demand alone requires a provision of five hundred and sixty tons which with the\n            consumption for experiments signals &c. ought to be encreased to six hundred tons or\n            twelve thousand barrells.\n          If we are to make provision for a war we ought to have in possession for all purposes\n            the amount of twenty four thousand barrells of powder; from this quantity is to be\n            deducted the quantity on hand and the quantity for which appropriations are made\n            amounting to nine thousand barrells.\n          The quantity then of fifteen thousand barrells would remain to be provided. The cost of\n            this quantity at five hundred Dollars per ton would amount to the sum of four hundred\n            thousand Dollars for which an appropriation by law will be necessary.\n          It may however be doubted whether the powder could be obtained for the five hundred\n            Dollars per ton unless arrangements shall be made for procuring it from abroad.\n          The following is a Summary View of this subject.\n              A provision of two hundred rounds\n              for the frigates & sea coast\n              contingencies\n              For the troops which may be raised, estimated at three\n                years supply at 10 pounds \u214c man.\n              One half being estimated for exercise for the artillery\n              Appropriation for\n              Deficient and to be provided\n          A question arises on this statement whether any further measures should be taken for to\n            obtain an appropriation for this essential article to carry on a war. All which is humbly submitted to the President of the United", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0440", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James McHenry, 10 April 1794\nFrom: McHenry, James\nTo: Washington, George\n            Fayetteville [Md.] 10 April 1794.\n          I am extremely obliged to you for your letter of the 8th and received the exposition of\n            your motives as a fresh mark of that confidence with which you have so often favored me.\n            I should indeed, if I know myself, be the last person in the United States, who on a public account would wish you to feel any other; and as it respects\n            your personal fame, I beleive the first to regret their being\n            intrenched on to gratify mere inclination or friendship. In all appointments it is\n            undoubtedly proper that superiour merit, and fitness of character, and aptitude of\n            talents to the office to be filled should govern. This is a rule that cannot be too\n            rigidly obeyed, and which I am sure no good man will ever blame you for observing.\n          What you have been pleased to communicate to me respecting an unfortunate person has\n            releived me from a great deal of anxiety. I shall now not only sleep a sounder but be\n            happier when awake. With real wishes for your health, I am very\n            truely and affectionably Sir your most ob. st\n            James McHenry", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0441", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 10 April 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n            No. Carolina New Bern 10th April 1794\n          In the course of the last month I received the Secretary of wars letter of the 22nd\n            Feb: respecting the sloop L\u2019amee Margueritte; but as I had on\n            the 8th Feb: forwarded on to you copies of all the papers then in my possession relating\n            to her; and as Mr Hill the Atto. of the United States had\n            informed me in his letter of the 12th of the same month, that he had sent by post to the\n            Secretary of State, the examination which he had taken relative to her capture, I did\n            not think it prudent either to take off the arrest or to restore her\n            to her former owners till I had received your ultimate decision thereon she therefore\n            still continues in the custody of the militia.\n          Some days ago I received from Mr Severin Erickson a letter dated the 27th March,\n            enclosing Capt: Hervieux\u2019s statement of facts relative to the Capture of the sloop\n            Providence attested by Mr Mangourit the french Consul at Charleston, I do myself the\n            honor to enclose you copies of both: I shall direct the marshall to restore to Captain\n            Hervieux his trunk, papers and cloths, which I hope will meet with your approbation.\n          Agreable to the Secretary of wars letter of the 26th of March, which I received by\n            express the 3rd inst: I immediately issued orders to the commanding officers of the\n            counties in which the different ports lay, that they should in all cases where\n            application was made to them, by the revenue officers, assist with the militia under\n            their command in carrying the embargo into full force and effect. I have the honor &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0442", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 11 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Commissioners for the District of Columbia\n            Gentlemen,\n            Philadelphia April 11th 1794.\n          Your letter of the 23d Ulto came duly to hand, but as you did not expect to meet again\n            until the 12th instt I have, accordingly, postponed my reply to the contents of it \u2019till\n          I am sensible that the No. East quartr of square Number 21. is subject to the\n            disadvantage of a North and East front (not desirable I confess) but these are more than\n            counterpoised in my estimation by the formation of the ground, which, though expensive\n            to improve, on account of a steep declevity on the other two sides, can never (if a\n            quarter of the square is taken, and improved) have the view from it obscured by\n            buildings on the adjoining lots. I was on the ground, and examined it in company with Mr\n            Blodget during the Sale in September last; and after comparing the advantages and\n            disadvantages, resolved to fix on that spot if a quarter of the square could be\n            obtained, and the price not run upon me, beyond the usual Sales; for doing which there\n            could be no just cause; for, as I have observed before, it is not less than the area\n            mentioned that would secure my object; and to improve it would be expensive, from the\n            shape of the ground. If, after this explanation, I can be accomodated without involving\n            inconveniences, I would rather the matter should be fixed now\n            than delayed to a future period\u2014first, because I had rather be\n            upon a certainty (one way or other) than remain in doubt; and 2dly because it would be\n            convenient to me to know, whether there would be a call (for some money which I expect\n            to receive in a few days) for that purpose, or that I might apply it to some other.\n          I was not unmindful of your communication respecting Major Rivardy; but, unluckily, the\n            Secretary of State mistook (as I have lately discovered) the purport of my direction to\n            him on this head. It was, that your employing the Major for the\n            purposes designated, wd be perfectly agreeable to me if you were satisfied with his\n            character, and that he had abilities adequate to the undertaking; that he was an entire\n            stranger to me; and that I had rather you should pursue your own judgment in, than be\n            prompted to, a choice by me. He understood these sentiments as applying to the measure\n            (of the utility and ind\u27e8ee\u27e9d necessity of which I had no doubt) and not to the man.\n            Hence the mistake has happened, nor should I have discovered it, had not our late enquiry for Engineers brought to view that nothing had been concluded\n            between you and Majr Rivardy. The employment as Engineer may occupy him three or four\n            months\u2014The fortifications at Baltimore, Alexandria and Norfolk were assigned to him that\n            you might be enabled to judge whether under these circumstances it would be best to\n            adhere to the Major, or employ Mr Vermanet, or any other\u2014Your\n            more perfect knowledge of the business\u2014and of the situation of things than I possess\n            will direct you better than any advice I could give; for in truth I have little\n            knowledge of characters proper for such Surveying, levelling &ca as the City\n            requires; and besides, I have been unfortunate hitherto in those whom I have been\n            instrumental in bringing forward for the subordinate Offices in the City.\n          Mr Greenleaf is here, and told me on tuesday last that he should set out for George\n            town as yesterday or today, but if he does not call upon me before eleven oclock (Post\n            hour) this letter will go by the Mail. With very great esteem\n            & regd I am\u2014Gentlemen Your Obedt Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0443", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Deakins, Jr., 11 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Deakins, William Jr.\n            Philadelphia 11th Aprl 1794\n          You would oblige me by receiving the contents of the enclosed order; and then, by informing me of the price the Tobacco would fetch. With esteem, I am Sir Your very Hble Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0445", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 11 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            The Secretary of War respectfully reports to the President of the United\n            War department April 11. 1794\n          That he has had further conversations with Doctor White, and also perused a report of a\n            Committee of Congress herein enclosed relatively to the defence of Mero district.\n          That the Inhabitants of the said district amounting to about fifteen thousand, thrust\n            out into the Wilderness and one hundred & sixty Miles from any succour and greatly\n            exposed to Banditti Indians seem intitled to receive a due proportion of protection from\n            the United States.\n          That under the present circumstances of imminent danger and until regular troops can be\n            had for the purpose, resort must be had to the militia of the said district.\n          The following temporary arrangement is therefore submitted.\n          That Governor Blount be authorized if he judges the measure indispensible for the\n            safety of the Inhabitants of the said Mero District to call into service until the first\n            day of next December unless sooner discharged the following portions of Militia upon the\n            pay and rations allowed by law.\n          A post and Garrison to be established at the ford at the crossing of Cumberland River\n            of 1. Subaltern 2 Serjeants 2. Corporals and 26 privates\n          For the protection of Tennessee County and the Inhabitants of Red River running into\n            Cumberland-\u20131 Subaltern 2 Serjeants 2 Corporals and 21 privates.\n          Davidson County-\u20131 Subaltern 2 Sergts 2 Corpl and 26 privates the chief post to be in\n            the front of Nashville\n          Sumner County-\u20131. Subaltern. 1. Serj. 2 Corporals and 17. Privates\n          That besides these 2 Subalterns and thirty mounted Militia be allowed the district.\n          That six small iron howitzers with one hundred rounds of ammunition each be transported\n            immediately from Philadelphia to Fort Pitt and thence to Nashville by water.\n          That also two hundred of the old muskets wanting repair at Fort Washington be ordered\n            to the same place. These may be repaired at Nashville by the\n            Inhabitants\u2014That these stores be put under the orders of General Robertson who is\n            already in the pay of the United States as a Sub Agent of Indian affairs. All which is respectfully submitted to the President of the United", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0446", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Monroe, 11 April 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia April 11. 1794\n          My letter of the 8th, and to which I was on the succeeding day honored with a reply,\n            was written in the belief that great exertions were made to convince you that it was the\n            general wish of the community Colo. Hamilton should be appointed Envoy extra[ordinar]y\n            to G. Britain upon the present occasion. As I knew that this was not the case, but on\n            the contrary was persuaded that a great majority of the people of America would not only\n            disapprove the nomination, but deem it likely to produce much mischief, I thought it\n            consistent with the duty I owed the publick, and that respect I have always personally\n            entertained for you, to apprize you of it. A knowledge of truths and even of opinions\n            upon this subject, might be serviceable & could not be injurious; and in point of\n            propriety I could perceive no difference in communicating them, as well against, as for\n            a nomination: otherwise indeed than as the latter is the more pleasant service to the\n            person rendering it. I am therefore happy to find that the part I have taken in this\n            respect, was received in that confidential & friendly manner it was intended, and\n            shall accordingly proceed to state to you in writing the objections which have occurred\n            against the nomination.\n          I am led to conclude from the liberal stile of your letter that you are willing I\n            should state to you generally the objections which have been urged against it. Upon that\n            principle this reply will be founded. In case however I have misapprehended your\n            intention, I beg you to ascribe it to that consideration alone, and not to a desire to\n            obtrude any opinions of mine upon you.\n          That there exists among us a party, not to be slighted for its talents or numbers\n            strongly attached to the British monarchy & nation, is a fact which I presume no\n            address has been able to hide from your view. The demonstration of such a party is to be\n            trac\u2019d from an early period of the government, and is to be found in its uniform\n            partiality for both upon every occasion which occurred; in declarations innumerable both\n            in publick & private; but above all in its constant & systematic enmity to the\n            French nation & revolution, of which latter disposition, not to go further back,\n            sufficient proof has been furnished during the present session alone.\n          This single consideration is sufficient to excite a suspicion of the views of this\n            party. To patronize and support G. Britain when appear[an]ces would allow it, & when\n            her dangerous projects are unmasked, & the publick mind wounded with accumulated\n            injuries is inraged against her, and to discountenance France the friend and ally of\n            America, in every instance, must have something in view unfriendly to the liberty &\n            safety of these States.\n          That Colo. Hamilton is a member of this party, active in its councils and devoted to\n            its interests is generally and well known. The particular proofs of it are numerous,\n            positive, & satisfactory. The free disclosure of his sentiments upon these subjects,\n            in conversations, anonymous publications (known however to be his) and in his intrigues,\n            have pretty generally explained his true character to the publick. Tis manifest that at present his prospects are founded upon the British &\n            monarchic interests here alone, and in proportion as the confidence of the country has\n            been withdrawn from him, he has more entirely thrown himself upon the support of the\n          Should a person therefore of such character & principles be sent to England, and\n            upon an occasion so attractive of the publick notice, it would not only furnish an\n            opportunity for political intrigue against republicanism here, and against our\n            connection with France, but as I have reason to believe, be regarded in America in a\n            light, unfavorable to the authority appointing him. Nor could it fail to be viewed by\n            France, in respect to the byas of our publick councils, otherwise than with the\n            strongest jealousy and dissatisfaction. and if the mission should not succeed in its\n            object, and a state of things ensue so as to require the friendship and co-operation of\n            that country with this, our situation would be as mortifying as it would be alarming.\n            nor could neither ask with propriety for aid, nor could she with\n            pleasure grant it afterwards.\n          That an understanding subsists at the present time between this party and the British\n            administration is not improbable and generally inferred, from the late communications of\n            Mr Pinckney. The footing of intimacy upon which it is known to stand with their minister\n            here, is a circumstance which naturally cherishes the suspicion.\n          That the views of this party have been latterly better understood by the community at\n            large and its influence greatly diminished, is to be plainly seen, by the present state\n            of the legislation. Indeed it is obvious that whenever any of those whose principles are\n            best known, revolve back on their constituents, especially in the Senate, they are\n            superseded. The publick mind is rapidly forcing its way in opposition to the views of\n            this party and so far as a respect is due to that consideration a strong objection\n            arises against the nomination.\n          Perhaps it would be improper for me to suggest any doubt of the propriety of the\n            mission itself. I wish however that it be not inferred that my judgment balances in its\n            favor. on the contrary I consider it as liable to strong & serious objections, &\n            which have not been removed by the most recent events.\n          Since I have been plac\u2019d here by my country you will do me the justice to remember that\n            I have, at no time heretofour trespassed on yr attention. I have\n            done so at present from a conviction of the importance of the present crisis, & the\n            delicacy of the measure contemplated. and I trust you will be satisfied I have been\n            induc\u2019d to it from my regard for the publick interest & the most friendly &\n            respectful considerations for yourself. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect\n            & esteem yr Most obt & very humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0448", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Hurt, 12 April 1794\nFrom: Hurt, John\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia 12th April 1794\n          The enclosed are copies of letters, one of which I desired General Knox to present to\n            you at the time of my resignation: from some circumstances, I\n            have been led to suppose it had been omitted; and for fear this should have been the\n            case, I have, for the satisfaction of my own mind, & that I might not stand in a\n            worse light with you than I deserve, enclosed a certificate with them, signed by Doctor\n            Wistar, of the same purport with one in the former letter, signed by Doctor Rush.\n          I beg pardon for what may perhaps, appear to you to be an unnecessary trouble. I am\n            Sir, with great respect your most Obedient servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0449", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 12 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Knox, Henry\n            [Philadelphia, 12 April 1794]\n          Your report, dated the 11th instt, respecting the defence of Miro district is approved,\n            and the Governor of the South Western Territory may be authorized to carry it into\n              effect. Given at Philadelphia this 12th day of April 1794.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0450", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Richard Peters, 12 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Peters, Richard\n          If you are done with the Pamphlets & Papers which I put into your hands, be so good\n            as to return them, as the Gentleman from whom they were taken, when sent to you, has had\n            no opportunity yet of forming an opinion on them.\n          Such observations as you have made I would thank you for. Yours\n            G: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0451", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Betty Washington Lewis, 13 April 1794\nFrom: Lewis, Betty Washington\nTo: Washington, George\n            My Dear Brother\n          Your letter of the 30th of march came safe to hand, I should of\n            acknowledg\u2019d the receipt of it before this had it not been Owing to my haveing a very\n            severe Ague and fever which Confin\u2019d me to the House for a fortnight, a Complaint tho\n            subject to in the fall, I never had in the spring of the Year before this, it has\n            reduc\u2019d me very much but thank God I am now able to see after my Busness again.\n          I have now My Dear Brother to thank you for your kind Preasent of a Mule, as you think\n            it best to send in the Fall I shall defer it till that time, I\n            am very happy to here that you all keep your Helths, as it is reported here that some\n            Dye in that Sitty at this time of that fever which Rag\u2019d there last Fall I hope it is not true, Harriot got her money safe for which she is mutch\n            Ooblig\u2019d to you, she Joines me in Love and Best wish\u2019s for you\n            and all our Friends. I am Dear Brother Your Affcte Sister\n            Betty Lewis", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0452", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Francis Mercer, 13 April 1794\nFrom: Mercer, John Francis\nTo: Washington, George\n          I have this day enclosed Mr Gwinn Clerk of th[e] G.C. of Maryland, the Original Survey\n            of partition of the Lands you purchased of me\u2014& directed him to record the same\n            & then transmit it to you\u2014I now herewith transmit you the first deed executed to\n            you, the record was delay\u2019d untill the Deed ran out of date\u2014I then consulted Mr J.T. Chace, Judge of the G.C. of\n          M. who it is to be observ\u2019d took all the acknowledgements, if it wou\u2019d not be possible\n            to alter the dates or render it efficient in some other manner, but after mature\n            reflection he judged it necessary to execute another Deed entirely anew, & this was\n            the sole cause why it was so done. I am with sincere respect\n            & esteem Yr Ob. hbl. Sert\n            John F. Mercer", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0453", "content": "Title: From George Washington to George Minor, 13 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Minor, George\n            Philadelphia 13th Aprl 1794\n          From a letter which I have lately received from Doctr Stuart, I learn that depredations\n            continue to be made upon my land on four mile run, in the County of Fairfax; & that\n            you were so obliging as to inform him, that you would use your endeavours to rescue it\n            from further injury if I should request it.\n          This offer is kind, and I thank you for having had the goodness to make it; and do\n            hereby vest you with power to watch over, & punish in any manner the Laws will\n            authorise, any, and every person whatsoever who shall be found trespassing thereon.\n          The growth on the land, I always considered as the most valuable part of the property;\n            stripped of this, as there appears to be a strong disposition to do by lawless people,\n            and the value of it is reduced in the ratio of the Trespasses.\n          Sometime since, perhaps two or three years, I desired my Nephew Mr Bushrod Washington\n            to bring suits against those who had been detected in taking off Wood, Hoop poles,\n            &ca but what, or whether any thing resulted from it, is unknown to me at this\n          Nothing short of vigorous measures, I am now persuaded, will stop the injustice I am\n            sustaining, and these I am resolved to pursue. any reasonable expence\n            therefore which may be incurred in carrying this resolution into effect, & for your\n            trouble, will be cheerfully paid by Sir Your Obedient Hble Servt\n            Go: Washington\n            P.S. I have directed Mr Wm Pearce my Manager to converse with you on this business\n              when he shall see you in Alexandria.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0455", "content": "Title: From George Washington to David Stuart, 13 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Stuart, David\n            Philadelphia 13th Aprl 1794\n          I have been favored with your letter of the 4th instt and thank you for the information\n            respecting the depredations on my land, lying on four miles run. Mr Bushrod Washington a\n            year or two ago, was desired to commence a suit or suits against some of the\n            Trespassers; but whether he did, or not, or what the result was, I do not recollect ever\n            to have heard. The growth of the land, is more valuable than the\n            land itself; to protect it therefore is important.\n          Not knowing the christian name of Mr Minor, or whether there may not be more than one\n            of that name\u2014I am at a loss how to direct to him; and indeed for a safe mode of\n            conveying a letter to him; and therefore take the liberty of putting the enclosed under\n            cover to you, with a request (after putting a wafer in it) that you would be so good as\n            to have it safely conveyed to the right person.\n          The accounts which I receive from Mount Vernon, respecting my Wheat,\n            are very unfavorable. They could not, indeed, be otherwise, after the effect, occasioned\n            by drought in the fall had become apparent, which was the case before I left home in the\n            latter part of October.\n          The appointment of a Marshal, for the District of Georgia, had taken place before your\n            letter came to my hands: but if the case had been otherwise, Mr McCrea, however well\n            known in Virginia, was too new a settler, and too little known in Georgia to have become\n            an acceptable man for that office when half the State (in a manner) was in hot pursuit\n            of it. & many of the ancient inhabitants & repectable characters were pressing\n            forward by themselves, & friends, on this occasion.\n          My best wishes attend Mrs Stuart and the rest of the family, & with very great\n            esteem & regard\u2014I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Affecte Servant\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0456", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Henry Babcock, 14 April 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Babcock, Henry\n          The President of the United S. directs me to thank you for the tender of your services\n            to your Country; and, agreeably to your request, to return the Certificate herewith\n              enclosed. I am, Sir, Your obt Servt\n            B. DandridgeSecy to the Prest U.S.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0462", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 14 April 1794\nFrom: Peters, Richard\nTo: Washington, George\n          Your Note lay, without my Knowledge, on my Table, \u2019till last Evening, or I should have\n            sent the Agricultural Papers before this Time. I am much obliged\n            & gratified by the Perusal of them. I had formed a Plan of abstracting Parts of\n            these Papers for Observation, & Part for Publication. But there seems a Fatality\n            attendant on my Plan, for I have met with Interruptions in every Attempt I have made to\n            execute it. Some Parts would be very useful if published here. I must postpone my Design\n            for the present, & live in Hopes that, one Day or other, these\n            Papers, with those to complete Sr J.S.\u2019s System, will be published & find their Way\n              here. Much useful Knowledge will be propogated, & the\n            whole will contain the best Body of agricultural Information founded on Fact, every yet\n            extant. I wish you could prevail on Sr J., if the Request would not produce unnecessary\n            Obligation, to send a few Copies of the Statistical Reports as they are published. They would be of infinite Importance to our agricultural Concerns,\n            as well as in other Respects. They would assist the Efforts of those who wish to promote\n            a Spirit of good Husbandry, by adding Knowledge to their Zeal. Much might be done in\n            this Way under all our Disadvantages\u2014But I fear the Dream will call off our Labourers\n            from the Plough. I am with sincere Esteem & Respect Your obedt Servt\n            Richard Peters", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0463", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 15 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Jay, John\n            [Philadelphia] Tuesday Morng 15th Apl 94\n          At as early an hour this morning, as you can make convenient to yourself, I should be\n            glad to see you. At eight o\u2019clock we breakfast. Then, or after, as suits you best, I\n            will expect to have the satisfaction of conversing with you on an interesting\n              subject. Yours always & sincerely\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0464", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 15 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War department April 15th 1794\n          I submit to your consideration a proposed answer to the Governors letter of\n              yesterday. The object really seems more of a local than of\n            general nature, and therefore nothing is hinted of an application to Congress, who if\n            the object is of a general nature are alone competent to grant relief\u2014But although the\n            Petitioners are probably British subjects yet it is highly probable that they are\n            sailing in the ships of Americans as eight tenths of the Sailors out of this port are\n            probably Europeans.\n          If Congress should interpose in this case it would form a precedent for similar\n            applications from every other part of the Union. I have the honor to be with perfect\n            respect Your obedient servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0466", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 15 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lee, Richard Henry\n            Philadelphia 15th April 1794.\n          I have been favored with your letter of the 8th of March from Chantily. It did not,\n            however, (by the Office mark thereon) leave Westmoreland Court House until the 16th of\n            that month. Previously to the receipt of it, the nomination of Mr Lawrence Muse to the\n            Collectorship of Rappahannock had been made, consequent of strong testimonials in his\n          The manners of Mr Fauchet, and Mr Genet, the present & former Ministers of France,\n            appear to have been cast in very different moulds. The former has been temperate &\n            placid in all his movements, hitherto; the latter was the reverse of it in all respects.\n            The declarations made by the former, of the friendly dispositions of\n            his Nation towards this Country, and of his own inclinations to carry them into effect,\n            are strong & apparently sincere. The conduct of the latter is disapproved in toto,\n            by the Government of both. yet, it is time only, that will enable\n            us to form a decisive judgment of each; and of the objects of their pursuits.\n          The British Ministry (as you will have perceived by Mr Pinckneys letter to the\n            Secretary of State, which has been published) disclaim any hostile intentions towards\n            this Country, in the agency they had in bringing about the truce between Portugal &\n              Algiers; yet, the tenour of their conduct in this business has\n            been such\u2014added to their man\u0153uvres with our Indian neighbours\u2014but more especially with\n            respect to the late orders of the King in council, as to leave very unfavorable\n            impressions of their friendship, & little to expect from their justice; whatever may\n            result from that of the interest of their Nation.\n          The debates, on what are commonly called Mr Madison\u2019s resolutions, which no doubt you\n            have seen (having been published in all the Gazettes) will give you the pro & con of\n            that business more in detail than I could do if my leisure was greater than it is; but\n            these resolutions, like many other matters, are slumbering in Congress; and what may be\n            the final result of them no mortal, I believe can tell.\n          I learn with regret that your health has continued bad ever since I had the pleasure of\n            seeing you at Shuters hill. Warm weather I hope will restore it:\n            if my wishes could be of any avail you assuredly would have them. With best respects to\n            Mrs Lee and the rest of your family, in which Mrs Washington unites, I am with very\n            great esteem and regard, Dear Sir, Yr Obedt and Affecte Hble Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0467", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 15 April 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 15 April 1794. GW wrote\n            Pearce on 20 April acknowledging receipt of \u201cYour letter of the 15th, with the weekly", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0469", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 15 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n            Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n            United States 15 April 1794.\n          I lay before you a Letter from the Minister plenipotentiary of his britannic majesty to\n            the Secretary of State; a Letter from the Secretary of the\n            territory South of the river Ohio, enclosing an ordinance and proclamation of the\n            Governor thereof; the translation of so much of a petition of\n            the Inhabitants of Post Vincennes, addressed to the President, as relates to\n              Congress; and certain dispatches lately received from our\n            Commissioners at Madrid. These dispatches from Madrid being a part of a business, which\n            has been hitherto deemed confidential, they are forwarded under that view.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0470", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 16 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n            [Philadelphia, 16 April 1794]\n          Having thought fit to appoint Nathaniel Cabot Higginson, of the City of Philadelphia,\n            attorney at law, as an Agent on behalf of the United States, to proceed to the british\n            West India Islands for certain purposes relating to the Ships or vessels of the United\n            States, which have been, or may be seized & sent into the ports of any of those\n            Islands by british cruisers, since the commencement of the present war between great\n            britain & France:\n          I do hereby direct you to cause to be advanced to the said Nathaniel Cabot Higginson,\n            Five thousand dollars, out of the fund of ten thousand dollars, appropriated for\n            defraying the contingent charges of Government, on account of his compensation &\n            expenses as Agent, and the expenses of his said agency, for which he is to be held\n              accountable.\n          Given under my hand the 16 day of April 1794.\n            Geo: Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0473", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 16 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n            Gentlemen of the Senate,\n            United States 16. April 1794.\n          The communications, which I have made to you during your present session, from the\n            dispatches of our Minister in London, contain a serious aspect of our affairs with Great\n              Britain. But as peace ought to be pursued with unremitted\n            zeal, before the last resource, which has so often been the scourge of Nations, and\n            cannot fail to check the advanced prosperity of the United States, is contemplated; I\n            have thought proper to nominate, and do hereby nominate,\n          John Jay, as envoy extraordinary of the\n          United States, to his britannic Majesty.\n          My confidence in our Minister plenipotentiary in London continues undiminished. But a\n            mission, like this, while it corresponds with the solemnity of the occasion, will\n            announce to the world a solicitude for a friendly adjustment of our complaints, and a\n            reluctance to hostility. Going immediately from the United States, such an envoy will\n            carry with him a full knowledge of the existing temper and sensibility of our Country;\n            and will thus be taught to vindicate our rights with firmness, and to cultivate peace\n            with sincerity.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0474", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 16 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n            Gentlemen of the Senate.\n            United States 16. April 1794.\n          I nominate Richard Harrison, attorney for the District of New York, to be Judge of the\n            District of New York, vice James Duane, who has resigned.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0475", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 17 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          The Secy of the Treasury presents his respects to the President of the U.S. &\n            encloses herewith the draft of a Passport, requested by mister Hammond for a vessel\n            intended by him to be dispatched to Halifax, and which the Secretary understood from the\n            Secy of State was to be granted by the President.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0476", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Reuben Harvey, 17 April 1794\nFrom: Harvey, Reuben\nTo: Washington, George\n            Respected Friend\n            Cork [Ireland] 17th April 1794\n          I took this liberty last Month by way of Baltimore, And I am sorry that a similar cause\n            for troubling thee has so soon occurr\u2019d at Kinsale, where a fine Philadelphia Ship, the\n            Molly Capt. Farrel, having put in the 3d Curr[en]t to procure Bread & Beef, has been\n            detain\u2019d by Lieut. Govr Brown, on suspicion that her valuable Cargoe of 450 pipes\n            Brandy, 150 Casks of Wine & Vinegar, & other Articles, is the property of the\n              Convention; Seven of her Crew were press\u2019d & afterwards by\n            threats & cajolings induced to enter, And the Master of the Molly is threaten\u2019d with\n            Jail unless he pays these Men what Money appears to be due them; The Brig Hannah &\n            Cargoe have been orderd to proceed to Falmouth, & it is probable that the British\n            Government will give the same orders respecting the Molly; I\n            exceedingly regret that no Consul had been sent to Ireland when War commenced \u2019twixt\n            Great Britain & France, as that Event alone must necessarily produce many instances\n            wherein the interposition of a Native Consul would be wanted;\n            Indeed it is surprizing that this Measure has been so long omitted. The Molly\u2019s Cargoe is mark\u2019d DM & consign\u2019d to Daniel Marian Mercht\n            at Newyork, The Ship belongs to Philip Care Mercht at Philadelphia, She carry\u2019d 4500\n            barrels of flour from Baltimore to Nants & Bordeaux last Summer: I shall not trouble thee farther on this Subject, but just to say that\n            your Envoy at London never answer\u2019d the letters I wrote him concerning the Hannah, which\n            was not kind, as I had no other Motive therein than regard for America. With sincere regard I remain Thy affte. Friend\n            Reuben Harvey", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0477", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 18 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President. the enclosed\n            permit has been prepared on the intimation of the Secretary of State, for the Spanish\n              Comissioners. The Secretary is not informed whether the doubt\n            on the subject of mister Hammond\u2019s application was removed. The return of the enclosed\n            will be considered as the evidence that it was.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0479", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 18 April 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia 18. April 1794\n          In answer to a circular letter, which I addressed to the Officers of this Commonwealth,\n            enjoining, among other things, an implicit obedience to the laws of the Union, I have\n            received a variety of communications of a very patriotic and satisfactory nature: and the inclosed Extracts from the letters of Judge Addison and Mr\n            Reddick (the Prothonotary of the County of Washington) relatively to the Excise, appear\n            to me to contain information of sufficient moment, to excuse my submitting them to your\n              consideration. I am, with perfect respect, Sir, Your most\n            obedt Servt\n            Tho. Mifflin", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0480", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Gouverneur Morris, 18 April 1794\nFrom: Morris, Gouverneur\nTo: Washington, George\n            Sainport [France] 18 April 1794.\n          In a Letter which I had the Honor of writing to you on the 10th of January 1793, I gave\n            you some Traits respecting Mr Westerman, and as my public Dispatches had already\n            communicated the Plans of Mr Danton, you will not have been surpriz\u2019d at what has lately\n            happened to them. I wrote to you on the 25th of June that those\n            who rul\u2019d the Roast had just Ideas of the Value of popular Opinion. Also that should\n            they reach a Harbor it would be as much by good Luck as by good Management, and that at\n            any Rate Part of the Crew would be thrown overboard. Those I had then particularly in\n            View were Chabot & Company of which Company a Part still exists. On the Eighteenth of October I gave you a short View of the nature of\n            the then Government, and added what seem\u2019d to be the probable Termination. I therein\n            observd that whether France would pass to that Point thro the Medium of a Triumvirate,\n            or other small Body of Men seem\u2019d as yet undetermin\u2019d but that I thought it most\n            probable she would. At that Period Things were wound up very high, and ever since the\n            utmost Uncertainty has prevaild as to the Stroke which would be given. I enclose herein\n            a Copy of what I wrote on the twelfth of last Month\u27e8,\u27e9 since which both the Dantonists\n            and Hebertists are crush\u2019d. The fall of Danton seems to\n            terminate the Idea of a Triumvirate\u27e8.\u27e9 The Chief who would in such Case have been one of\n            his Colleagues has wisely put out of the Way a dangerous Competitor. Hence it would seem\n            that the High road must be laid thro the Comit\u00e9 de Salut public: Unless indeed the Army should meddle. But as to the Army no\n            Character seems as yet to have appeard with any prominent Feature; neither is there so\n            much Discipline as would give an aspiring Character just Ground of Hope. It is a\n            wonderful Thing Sir that four years of Convulsion among four and twenty Millions of\n            People has brought forth no one either in civil or military Life whose Head could fit\n            the Cap which fortune has woven. Roberspierre has been the most consistent, if not the\n            only consistent. He is one of those of whom Shakespeare\u2019s C\u00e6sar speaks to his\n            frolicksome Companion. \u201cHe loves no Sports as thou dost Anthony.\u201d  There is no Imputation against him for Corruption. He is far from rich, and still\n            farther from appearing so. It is said that his Idol is Ambition; but I think that the\n            Establishment of the Republic would (all Things considered) be most suitable to him.\n            Whether he thinks so is another Question which I will not pretend to answer, nor how far\n            such Establishmt may appear to him practicable. If it be supposed that a Man in his\n            situation should absolutely despair of the Republic, and have so much Diffidence either\n            in his Abilities, or his Influence, as to despair also of obtaining, much less of\n            preserving the supreme Power, then it might be supposd that Danton\u2019s Plan would be by\n            such Person carried into Execution. Yet all this Supposition is but conjectural\n            Foundation of new Conjecture. And what are the Allies about? Forming Schemes to be\n            executed if they should continue to be Allies. I am dear Sir\n            very truly yours.\n            Gouv. Morris", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0482", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            Treasury Departmt April 19. 1794.\n          I have received a letter of this date from Mr Dandridge transmitting me two letters to\n            you, one from Governor Mifflin, the other from John Wanton; and desiring that if any\n            measures should be necessary to be taken relative to them, they should be reported to\n          With regard to the communication from Govr Mifflin, the subject of it will be put in a\n            train of examination and the result will be communicated.\n          With regard to that from Mr Wanton I had received from Mr Thornton the british Vice\n            Consul the enclosed state of the case of the schooner Bayonne or Boyne\u2014which as you will\n            perceive has been submitted to the Attorney General for his opinion; which is, that the\n            schooner Boyne under the circumstances stated in that paper \u201cis not within the meaning\n            of the resolves of the Legislature laying an Embargo and that she ought to be permitted\n            to proceed on her voyage to New York.\u201d \n          It was my intention to have sent this morning to the Secretary of war in order that\n            what was proper further to be done might be determined and\n            correspondent instructions given to the military Officer and to the Collector.\n          I believe the opinion of the Attorney General is right though it puts the effect of the\n            Embargo in some jeopardy as to vessels arriving from abroad.\n          Perhaps the most adviseable course is to permit the present vessel concerning which\n            there has been some irregularity to proceed to the port of her destination without any\n            condition and to consider & establish some rule of proceeding with proper guards for\n            future cases.\n          I retain a copy of mister Wanton\u2019s letter to be sent to the Collector of New Port as it\n            contains an impeachment of his conduct that calls for inquiry.\n            With the highest respect, I have the honor to be &c.\n            Alexandr Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0483", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] April 19. 1794.\n          The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President of the United\n            States, and encloses herewith the draft of a passport for the Sloop Dove for the\n            President\u2019s signature. It will be forwarded by Mr Goodhue, who\n            will call for it at the Secretary\u2019s Office.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0484", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Howell Lewis, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Lewis, Howell\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia April 19th 1794.\n          It is with extreme regret that I am under the necessity of informing you that I intend\n            leaving your family on the 15th of next month, as at that time I shall have been with\n            you two years. The reason why I have taken this resolution is\n            because I find that 300 dollars does not support me here by two hundred; my property\n            also in Virginia through bad management is running me in debt, & I do not make\n            enough to pay you my rent & other expences which are necessary; My Brother Robert\n            wrote me the other day, that my Overseer had not paid the rent\n            nor was there produce of any kind on the farm sufficient to discharge the Same; my\n            negroes Clothing unpaid for, so that I am now obliged to sell some of them (the negroes)\n            to pay what I owe there and here; I have sunk 300 dollars since I have been here, &\n            about \u00a345 in Virginia. & have with the advice of my mother & Brothers taken this\n            step; & also have determined to give up the place which I have of yours, & move\n            with the small remains of my fortune which are but a few negroes, the next spring with\n            my Brother George to Kentuckey, & there try if I can make\n            something, or at least have it in my power to look after my lands which I have in That\n          For your attentions to me whilst in your family I hope it is unnecessary for me to say\n            I entertain the deepest sense of gratitude. To dwell on this subject & to make a\n            long acknowledgment of the obligations under which I feel myself laid by your &\n            family\u2019s kindnesses must to a mind like yours be tedious and painful. I will only add\n            that, it has made an impression on my mind which, I trust time itself cannot\n            obl\u27e8i\u27e9terate. I am Dear Sir your affe[ctiona]te Nephew\n            Howell Lewis", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0485", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia Saturday afternoon [19 April 1794]\n          The secretary of state has the honor of informing the President of the U.S., that the\n            commission for Mr Jay is preparing, and he is notified by letter, that it is preparing;\n            no time being to be lost.\n          Perhaps the President will find it necessary to have a ship, taken for the voyage and\n            to fix the salary at once. E.R. will therefore talk with Mr Jay.\n          An express is sent off to Mr Patterson, with a letter from Mr Wilson, to stop his\n            journey hither, as being more convenient to the other plan.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0486", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Dear sirPhiladelphia April 19.\n          I called upon Mr Monroe, and obtained his promise, to explain\n            the manner of his procuring the extract, as it was in truth, without\n            my privity and against the rule of the office. But I find, that Mr King was employed in\n            the examination of the same books, at the same time; so that in this instance, the want\n            of equal measure cannot upon any ground be suspected.\n          Your friendly remarks add to the many obligations, which I owe to you; and also present\n            an opportunity, which I cannot forego, of unbosoming myself to you without reserve.\n          I have often said, I still say\u2014that nothing shall sway me, as nothing has yet swayed\n            me, to depart from a long-settled determination, never to attach myself to party. I\n            believe, that I might appeal to you, Sir\u2014nay I should not distrust an appeal to any man,\n            with whom I have acted, that this determination has been conscientiously pursued. What\n            has been the consequence? I know it\u2014that my opinions, not containing any systematic\n            adherence to party, but arising solely from my views of right, fall sometimes on one\n            side, and sometimes on the other; and the momentary satisfaction, produced by an\n            occasional coincidence of sentiment, does not prevent each class from occasionally\n            charging me with instability. But I had much rather submit to this tax, than to the more\n            painful sensations, which a contrary conduct would excite.\n          I am no less apprized, that my connections by friendship, by marriage, by country, and\n            by a similitude of opinions, where republicanism and good order meet, with the leaders\n            of the southern politicks, give birth to suspicions. But if I\n            were here to enumerate the great subjects, which, since the organization of the\n            government, have agitated the public mind, it would appear that even those connections\n            have not operated upon me, beyond the weight of their reason. They are inestimable to\n            me; and while I retain a consciousness of my ability to resist an undue influence, I\n            cannot deny the satisfaction, which I feel in maintaining them. And yet, sir, there is\n            one fact, of which I beg you to be persuaded; that with them I have no communication on\n            matters of government, which I would not have with others: I converse freely, but\n            without imparting official intelligence, which is not of an absolutely public nature\u2014I\n            commit myself by no opinions\u2014and above all, I shall never attempt to use those persons,\n            as engines of any measure, which is a favorite with me. While I was writing this last\n            sentence, a question springs up, \u201cwhat views can I have\u201d? The answer is, peace, liberty\n            and good government.\n          When I contemplate the other party, I see among them men, whom I respect, and who, if\n            their duplicity be not extreme, respect me. I see others, who respect no man, but in\n            proportion to his subserviency to their wishes. Some of these are well informed, that I\n            have opposed in several instances things, which they had at heart. I have no reason to\n            suspect Colo. Hamilton of any unkind disposition towards me\u2014he has none on my part with\n            relation to himself\u2014Even to your confidential ear have I never disclosed an idea\n            concerning him, which he might not hear, and which in many instances and particularly a\n            late one he has not heard from my own mouth. But I have reason to suspect others\u2014if you\n            pause upon a measure, which they are anxious for, I am supposed to embarrass you with\n            considerations of a popular kind.\n          But I have said enough\u2014perhaps too much. Suffer me, however, to add one word more, of\n            the sincerity of which I ask no other judge than yourself. Your character is an object\n            of real affection to me. there is no judgment, no disinterestedness, no prudence, in\n            which I ever had equal confidence. I have often indeed expressed sentiments contrary to\n            yours. This was my duty, because they were my sentiments. But, sir, they were never\n            tinctured by any other motive, than to present to your reflection the misconstructions,\n            which wicked men might make of your views, and to hold out to you a truth of infinite\n            importance to the United States, that no danger can attend us, as long as the persuasion\n            continues, that you are not, and cannot become the head of a party. The people venerate\n            you, because they are convinced, that you choose to repose yourself on them. Let me\n            intreat you, only to look round the continent, and decide, if there be any other man,\n            but yourself, who is bottomed upon the people, independent of party? There is surely\n            none; and the inference, which I submit to your candor, is, that the measures, adopted\n            by you, should be tried solely by your own pure and unbiassed mind. I have the honor, to\n            be dear sir with the most affectionate attachment and respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0487-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 19 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n              Saturday [Philadelphia, 19 April 1794]\n            The Secretary of state has the honor of sending to the President the opinions of the\n              gentlemen on the address from the democratic society in Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0488", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 20 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia 20th April 1794\n          Your letter of the 15th, with the weekly reports, came to hand as usual, yesterday. I\n            was sorry to learn by the first that you had been unwell.\n          It is almost impossible for me to say, with exactness, what I owe the Estate of Mr\n            Anthony Whitting, because his accounts do not appear to have been regularly kept, but\n            rather in detached Memms. More than his wages from the first of Jany until the day of his death (which I think was about the middle of June) at the\n            rate of One hundd pounds Virga Curry pr annum, I cannot owe him;\n            because my Nephew when his health obliged him in November 1792 to spend the Winter with\n            his father in law Colo. Bassett, paid Mr Whitting, and all the under Overseers (as he\n            did not expect to be back again if ever, in less than Six months) their full wages for\n            the year, ending the last of December. More therefore than from the close of that year,\n            until the time of his death, in the succeeding one, can[not], as\n            I have observed before, be due to the Estate; and this, rather than do it a possible injury, you may pay his Exrs or Admrs; although (as he\n            always had money of mine in his hands) it is probable he might, as it became due to him,\n            have applied part to his own use.\n          With respect to the Bond which you say his Exrs are enquiring after, I never saw, or\n            heard of such an one; except whilst I was in Virginia last; when\n            I was told by some one, what you have mentioned in your letter. Mr Lear (who at that\n            time was my Secretary) being called to the Federal City on business, & hearing that\n            Mr Whitting was dead, or at the point of death (I am not sure which) and knowing that my\n            affairs at Mount Vernon would, by this event, be thrown into great disorder, went down\n            there (which he had not intended to do when he left Phila.) and remained there until I\n            got home; at which time he gave me all the Papers he had found belonging to Mr Whitting.\n            The private papers in one bundle\u2014and those which concerned my business in another. In neither of these was there any bond, nor did I ever hear the\n            circumstance mentioned, until I went to Virginia last Fall. If such a bond did exist, it\n            certainly can be no difficult matter to learn from whom it was obtained; & whether\n            it has been discharged, or not; if discharged, the person paying it will know to whom;\n            without which the bond will be of no use to any one. All Whittings private papers were,\n            to the best of my recollection, turned over to Mr Ring; who, by a non-cupitive Will, was\n            made his heir.\n          I am glad to find you are upon the point of sowing Buck wheat at all the Farms. It is\n            essential it should be in the ground without delay, if two Crops are to be plowed in,\n            before the Wheat is sown thereon. Does the Oats which you have sown, and the\n            grass-seeds, come up well? and how are your seasons, and the temper of the ground? By\n            the last Reports you appear to have had rain twice during the week they were made. In this neighbourhood the earth is dry, &\n            rain wanting. Did you allow a plenty of seed to the ground that was resown with grass,\n            as well as the other, for the first time.\n          As the Embargo is continued until the 25th of next month, I think you had better grind\n            no more Wheat until you hear further from me; & let that which is in the straw,\n            remain there; as the safest mode of keeping it; unless you should discover any\n            appearance of the fly about the stacks; in that case, it might be proper to get it out,\n            & grind it as speedily as possible.\n          I do not know how much ground you have sown with flax; but as there is no foreseeing\n            what our disputes may end in, it is my wish that you would add a good deal more (if not\n            too late) to what you have already sown; that, let what will happen, I may make a shift\n            to cloath my Negros. This makes it peculiarly necessary also to be extremely attentive\n            to the Wool; for I am satisfied that a tenth part of what is sheared, in bringing it\n            home, and after it is in the usual place, where it is kept, is stolen from me. To guard\n            against both these modes of pilferring, will require much caution; & a strict\n          Has there been many Mares, or Jennies, sent yet to the Jacks or Horse? or have you\n            reason to expect that many Will be sent this Season, besides my own?\n          Enclosed you will find a letter of complaint\u2014Butler against Crow\u2014I do not see that it is in my power, or yours, to interfere in the\n            matter otherwise than in an amicable manner. If this fails, the Courts of Justice are\n            equally open to both, and that must be the resort of the injured party. If however,\n            Butler is acquainted with any mal-conduct in Crow, & is able to prove it, he ought,\n            as an honest man, to come forward with it; but he should take care to advance nothing\n            that he is unable to support, lest it should recoil upon himself. When I was last at\n            Mount Vernon, I received numerous complaints from my Negros of their not having been\n            supplied as usual with Fish, & strong insinuations were held out that breaking open\n            the house, in which they were deposited, was no other than a pretence to cover a more\n            nefarious mode of disposing of them. In short it was hinted that Crow had sold them. but\n            as there did not appear any proof of the fact, I set on foot no enquiry, but resolved to\n            lay in a sufficiency for my people this year; secure them well; and let only one person\n            have access to them for delivery, & to be responsible. The Key to be locked up with\n            others at the mansion Ho., and a periodical time for issuing a\n            certain number to each farm, to be distributed by the Overseers in certain proportions\n            to the old & young thereon.\n          I hope, as the weather seems to be turning warm, that the fish will run more\n            abundantly. Keep a regular acct of this business, that, when it is closed and everything\n            charged, & every thing credited that appertains to it the profit or loss may be\n              ascertained. I wish you well & am Your friend\n            Go: Washington\n            P.S. Since writing the foregoing letter I have received one from Mr Lear (now in\n              London) containing the following paragraph.\n            \u201cI have engaged 5000 of the white thorn plants which will be put on board the Ship\n              Peggy bound to George Town, she will sail by or before the 10th of February and is\n              addressed to Colo. Deakins.\u201d \n            Make diligent enquiry for the Vessel if she is not already arrived, as the Season is\n              advanced & the plants will be much injured, if not lost, if not soon got into the\n              ground. I conceive they had better be placed at once where they are finally to\n              remain\u2014and as many may die, plant them thicker on that account. You may have the\n              ground prepared against the plants arrive that not a moment may be lost that can be\n              avoided\u2014plant them where, in your own opinion, they will answer best; Or if Butler,\n              who ought to understd this business thinks they had better go into a nursery in the\n              first instance, let it be so.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0490", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 21 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            Treasy Departmt April 21. 1794.\n          I lately communicated to you a letter from our Comissioners at Amsterdam announcing the\n            undertaking of a Loan on account of the U. States for three millions of Florins. I submit the following application of that loan as the one which\n            appears to me most conducive to the good of the public service. One million of Florins\n            to be appropriated to the payment of an instalment of an equal sum of the Dutch debt\n            payable on the first of June next\u2014the residue of the loan to be\n            transferred here for the purposes either of payments to France,\n            or purchases of the Debt as circumstances shall dictate.\n          I had begun remittances & made a provisional arrangement for the purchase of bills\n            of the Bank of the United States, toward payment of the June instalment. But the loan supercedes the necessity of the former and the bills\n            remitted will serve to pay interest & premium of the old loans due and becoming\n              due. With the highest respect &c.\n            Alexr Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0492", "content": "Title: Cabinet Opinion on Funds for French Refugees, 22 April 1794\nFrom: Cabinet\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] April 22. 1794.\n          We do ourselves the honor of advising the President of the U.S. to apply the remainder\n            of the money, given by law to the indigent of St Domingo, resident here, to the furnishing of them with the means of going thither, it being\n            known, that several vessels are now bound thither from different parts of the U.S. with\n            passports, for the purpose of conveying them.\n            Edm: Randolph.\n            Alexandr Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0494", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 22 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia 22 April 1794]\n          The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President \u27e8&\u27e9 has the\n            honor to transmit sundry drafts of Passports in cases which have been handed to him for\n            that purpose by the Secretary of State. In some instances though the names of the vessels appear in the documents, those of the masters do not. If\n            the President thinks fit to sign them as they are care will be taken that they are\n            properly filled.\n              Providentia\n              Govr. Hamilton\n              Charleston, Richd West, Master\n              Philadelphia\n              Ditto \u2003\u2003 Thos Adams, Master", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0495", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 22 April 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 22 April 1794. GW wrote\n            Pearce on 27 April that \u201cYour letter of the 22d instant with its enclosures came duly to", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0496", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Bushrod Washington, 22 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, Bushrod\nTo: Washington, George\n            Dear Uncle\n          I find that there is an injunction in the High Court of Chancery obtained against you,\n            which I am employed by those interested in the Judgment at law, to dissolve\u2014to do this,\n            your answer is necessary. I send you a Copy of the Bill; if upon\n            the reciept of this letter, you will immediately communicate to me the substance of your\n            answer, I will save you the expence of applying to Counsel, and will draw it in form,\n            & forward to you to be sworn to. the Court sits on the 12th of May, & the answer\n            if possible ought to be filed before that time; so that if I draw it, and return it to\n            you to be sworn to, we shall have no time to spare in getting it prepared. with great sincerity I am dear Uncle Yr Affect: Nephew\n            Bushd: Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0499", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Commissioners for the District of Columbia\nTo: Washington, George\n            City of Washington April 23d 1794\n          We take the Liberty to inclose you a Letter for Messrs Richard Harrison and George\n            Taylor Jr, which we beg you to read and send to them: it will apprize you of our very\n            difficult Situation with Mr Blodget, who has come hither without any Thing nearly, but\n            evasions and excuses\u2014we have past by the Secretary, because we imagine his time will not\n            allow this to be a first object to him as it is unfortunately to us.\n          You have inclosed, a Duplicate of the certificate for the N.E. Corner of Square 21\u2014the\n            other quarter on the same North line belongs to the public and may be joined to your\n            part if you should desire it.\n          We have had Conversations with Mr Fenwick, who has been a good while in the Surveying\n            Department, and a Mr Freeman, who has been lately taken into it\u2014the Conduct of the\n            first, and a Specimen of the Abilities of the last, with their general View, and Idea\n            disclosed of the manner of continuing the work, lead us to expect, they are competent to\n            do it, and they are proceeding; if they should meet with unexpected difficulties, we\n            have no doubt but they will apprize us of such with Candor, and Sincerity, and we leave\n            the Surveying Department with them for the present under this Confidence. we are sir most respectfully Your obedt Servants\n            Danl Carroll", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0500", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] April 23d 1794\n          Mr Hamilton presents his respects to The President\u2014In compliance with the desire\n            expressed by him, Mr H\u2014\u2014 has made a memorandum of certain points for consideration in\n            preparing instructions for Mr Jay, which are herewith sent.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0501", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            Treasury Departmt April 23d 1794\n          When I wrote my letter of the 21st instant I had intirely forgotten the existence of\n            your two instructions of the 8 of Augt, owing probably to the effect upon my memory of\n            my sickness which soon after ensued. I only recollected that the\n            loan had been authorised by me pursuant to your special direction, and I conceived that\n            the subject of it\u2019s disposition was wholly open. I regret this circumstance, though no\n            inconvenience could have ensued.\n          For I am of opinion, that until the actual investment of the monies in purchases, they\n            remain liable to any disposition which you may think proper, with reference to either of\n            the two Acts of the 4th & 12th of August 1790. The loan has\n            been made without particular reference to either of them, agreeably to the intimation in\n            your letter of the 27 of July, namely, that it was not your purpose by seperate\n            instructions to prevent the loans from being carried on without distinction in\n              Holland. Accordingly no distinction has been made\u2014And as the\n            Contract for the loan will not be specially bottomed upon either of the Acts, I conceive\n            the instructions which have been given may be varied so as to accommodate the\n            application to the purposes of both or either.\n          It is not, however, essential that any alteration should now be made. If the whole sum\n            is to be drawn for here, as I should have to remit from hence what remains to complete\n            the million of Florins towards the payment of the next June instalment, I can fulfil\n            this object, with convenience to the public service, by drawing upon\n            the fund created by the last loan\u2014which will leave in the\n            Treasury here an equivalent sum applicable to purchases. This will be the same thing in\n            principle, (without the inconvenience of a double operation) as to draw bills upon that\n            fund to be sold here, in order to place the proceeds in the Treasury, and to purchase\n            other bills to remit to Holland, in order to place there a fund for the payment of the\n            June instalment.\n          But if it is your intention at all events to attach the proceeds\n            of this loan to purchases and to exclude absolutely the future application of any part\n            of it towards payments to France or otherwise on account of the foreign debt, I will\n            thank you to signify your pleasure accordingly. And then the Accounts of the Treasury\n            will be so regulated as to fix that course of proceeding irrevocably.\n          But I think embarassments may be found to attend this course, which prevent me from\n            recommending it. With the highest respect, I have the honor to be &c.\n            Alexandr Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0502", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Johnson and David Stuart, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Johnson, Thomas,Stuart, David\nTo: Washington, George\n            Washington April 23th 1794\n          Mr Greenleaf has had a Conversation with us before Mr Carroll on the subject of new\n              Commissioners\u2014You will I am sure do the Doctr & myself the\n            Justice to believe that our Declarations to you are real and not calculated on Ideas of\n            our own Importance to eat into the funds\u2014Mr Greenleaf mentions Mr\n            Dalton and Mr Baldwin as proper with your Approbation to fill our places and speaks an\n            intention of proposing them to you\u2014it is under an expectation of their coming here in\n            July or August to reside\u2014the sooner we are relieved the more\n            pleasing to us but if it is necessary we will continue till August\u2014Mr Greenleaf wishes\n            to know our Ideas of Compensation; considering ourselves as unconnected with it, we are\n            of opinion \u00a3600 a Year is far from extravagant this without Agency for which or rather\n            for nothing we paid \u00a3600 to Mr Blodget\u2014and indeed we are\n            Satisfied that Commissioners on the Spot may do better than any Agent. We are Sir with\n            high Respect Your affectionate Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0503", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alicia McKenna, 23 April 1794\nFrom: McKenna, Alicia\nTo: Washington, George\n            Honoured Sir\n            New york April the 23d 1794\n          Nothing Could Make Me trouble your Excellency with this Request, but My very great\n            uneasyness about tow Children, I left in Ireland ten years ago one a Girl, your Amiable\n            Charecter and Goodness, has induced Me to Make So Bold, as to Request your leave to go\n            in the Vessell that Mr Jay goes to England in, I would not trouble him in the Cabbin, any Place I would be Private from the\n            Sailors I would be happy to get, My Anxiety is so great to go for My Children before any\n            Farther troubles take Place\u2014I have been ten years liveing in Alexandria have the\n            Pleasure of being very well acquainted with Doctor and Mrs Steward, Mrs Herbert, and\n            Many Others My Husband and Six Children are there he has an Employment in the Bank of\n            that town, three of My Sons are in the Militia in Baltimore\u2014I\n            Came to New York to go in a Vessell going to Dublin a Week before the Embargo in March\n            took place, Since that I have been at Lodgeings here waiting for it being off but was\n            dreadfully disappointed at it being laid on again, as I hope to be back in the Fall\u2014I humbly beg your Excellency will forgive My Presumption Nothing\n            but the Feelings of a Mother Could Make Me trouble you let that Plead My Excuse.\n          Mrs Harison\u2014she that Was Miss Craig knows Me\u2014if you Can grant My Request and allow one\n            of your Domesticks to let Me know at No. 56 Water Street New York I Shall Ever Pray for\n            your Happyness and long Life, let Me intreat your Pardon. I am\n            Sir your Obedient Humble Servant\n            Alicia McKenna", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0504", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 23 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia April 23. 1794\n          I do myself the honor of submitting to your consideration a few reflections on the\n            manner of appropriating the three millions of florins, lately borrowed.\n          In your power of the 8th of August 1793. you expressly say, that the present being\n            likely to continue for some time a favorable season for the purchases of the public\n            debt, you therefore direct the secy of the tr\u27e8e\u27e9asury to obtain a loan to be applied to\n            the purchases of the public debt, pursuant to the act of the 12th of Aug: 1790.\n          Under this power, and this power only the loan of three millions of florins has been\n            accomplished.\n          The Secretary of the treasury thinks that embarrassments may be found in excluding\n            absolutely the future application of any part of this sum towards payments to France or\n            otherwise on account of the foreign debt.\n          I cannot see the propriety of now altering the appropriation.\n          1.\u2003because it is plain by consulting the power of the 8th of August 1793, under which\n            the three millions of florins were borrowed, that it is the act of the 12th of August\n            1790, and no other, upon which the loan was bottomed. So that the Secretary appears to\n            be mistaken, when he says, \u201cthat the loan has been made without particular reference to\n            either of them.\u201d\n          2.\u2003because, if the President in his letter of July 27th did even insert the clause,\n            which says that it was not his purpose to separate instructions to prevent the loans from being carried on without distinction; still that same\n            clause directs, that the monies, as they are received, shall be considered as first\n            applicable to the sinking fund.\n          3.\u2003because the Secretary of the Treasury, tho\u2019 requested by your private letter to make\n            objections, to the plan, which you marked out, did not object to the appropriation of\n            the loan to the sinking fund.\n          4.\u2003because the appropriation to the sinking fund is a benefi cial and favorite one to\n            all classes of men.\n          There remains even yet a sufficient scope for borrowing, as far as law is concerned.\n            But probably it is not easy to effect a loan. If therefore the Secretary of the Treasury\n            will specify the embarrassments, to which he alludes, they may be judged of; and I am\n            sure, that I shall not now undertake to say, that they may not be as strong as he thinks\n          If therefore the President wishes, as Mr Dandridge intimated, that I should speak to\n            Colo. Hamilton, I will do so. If he prefers to write, (as\n            perhaps is the better way) the following may be an adviseable form for a letter.\n          \u201cIt appears to me, that my instructions on the 8th of Aug: 1793 have fixed the\n            appropriation of the money to the sinking fund; and I have considerable difficulty in\n            being convinced of my power to change it at this time. However as I wish to see the\n            whole subject together, it may be well for you, to state to me what the embarrassments\n            are, which you suppose will arise from confining the money borrowed to the purchase of\n            the public debt which I own I am very desirous of seeing effected\n            as fast as it can be done advantageously for the public.\u201d I have\n            the honor sir to be with the highest respect Yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0506", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tristram Dalton, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Dalton, Tristram\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia April 24th 1794\n          The arrangements of my private Affairs demand my attention, and will call me from this\n              City\u2014I am, thereby, constrained to request\n            Your permission to resign my Office, as Treasurer of the Mint of the United States\u2014from\n            the performance of the duties of which place I ask the favor to be released, as soon as\n            You may find it convenient to nominate a Sucessor.\n          My very grateful Acknowledgments are presented to You, Sir, for the many marks of\n            publick and private Favors, that You have been pleased to honor me with. I shall ever\n            remain, with the greatest Respect, Sir Your most obliged, and most obedient humble,\n            Tristram Dalton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0507", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Ducoigne, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Ducoigne, Jean-Baptiste\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from Jean-Baptiste Ducoigne, 24 April 1794. On 16 July, GW sent Henry Knox \u201ca letter from Baptiste Ducoigne, Kaskasias, 24 April \u201994\u201d\n            (JPPDorothy Twohig, ed. The Journal of the Proceedings of the President, 1793\u20131797. Charlottesville, Va., 1981., 314).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0508", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n            Philadelphia 24. April 1794.\n          It appears to me that my instructions on the 8 of August 1793 have fixed the\n            appropriation of the money to the sinking fund; and I have considerable difficulty in\n            being convinced of my power to change it at this time. However, as I wish to see the\n            whole subject together it may be well for you to state to me what the embarrassments are\n            which you suppose will arise from confining the money borrowed to the purchase of the\n            public debt, which I own I am very desirous of seeing effected as\n            fast as it can be done advantageously for the public.\n            Geo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0509", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\n          The letter herewith enclosed came under cover to me in a packet from Mr Lear,\n            accompanied with the following extract of a letter, dated\u2014London February 12th 1794.\n          \u201cA Mr Bartraud, a famous Agriculturalist belonging to Flanders, put into my hands a few\n            days ago several papers for Mr Jefferson on the subject of manuring & vegitation,\n            requesting that I would forward them to him by some vessel going to America; being\n            uncertain whether Mr Jefferson is in Philada or Virginia, I have taken the liberty of\n            putting them under cover to you.\u201d\n          Nothing, is more wanting in this Country, than a thorough knowledge of the first; by\n            which the usual, and inadequate modes practiced by us may be aided\u2014Let me hope then, if\n            any striking improvements are communicated by Mr Bartraud on the above important\n            subjects that you will suffer your friends to participate in the knowledge which is to\n            be derived from his instructions.\n          We are going on in the old way \u201cSlow\u201d I hope events will justify me in adding \u201cand\n            sure\u201d that the proverb may be fulfilled. \u201cSlow and Sure.\u201d  With\n            very great esteem and regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Yr Obedt & Affecte Hble Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0510", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            Treasury Department April 25. \u201994\n          I beg leave by way of explanation to submit the grounds of my opinion, that the\n            President may vary his instructions of the 8th of August last in reference to the\n            application of the last loan obtained in Holland.\n          A summary of the preceding transactions will serve to throw light upon the subject.\n          The President by his Commission of the 28 of August 1790, gave full power to the\n            Secretary of the Treasury to make the whole of the two loans contemplated by the Acts of\n            the 4th & 12th of August.\n          When in the beginning of June last certain considerations rendered it in my judgment\n            expedient to obtain a further loan; I concluded to address myself to the President, not\n            for want of power to proceed in the business, but to obtain the sanction of his opinion\n            and instruction as to the eligibility of the measure. This will appear from my letter of\n            the 3d of that month.\n          After some explanatory communications, I received from the President his letter of the\n            27 of July, informing me of the shape the business had taken in his mind.\n          On the basis of that letter, I prepared the instructions of the 8 of August, which I\n            considered merely as directions to me from the President in the execution of the general\n            power of the 28th of August 1790, to be understood in connexion with the letter of the\n          The proposition in my report of the 15th of June was that the proposed Loan\u27e8s\u27e9 should\n            be made upon the authority of both Acts, and the letter of the President just mentioned\n            precisely declares he did not intend by separate instructions to prevent the loans from\n            being carried on without distinction in Holland.\n          Accordingly I sent no new powers for making a further loan, but\n            merely an additional instruction to make a loan of three millions\n            of Florins on the basis of the former powers. This additional instruction too made no\n            special reference to either act, but left the matter to proceed as before, without distinction.\n          The consequence will be that the loan as in all preceding cases will be founded upon\n            both the acts. I send for your inspection all the contracts heretofore made as the\n            evidence of what will be the form of the one not yet forwarded; all of which expressly\n            and indiscriminately refer to both the Acts.\n          The inference is that according to the contract itself (the formal obligatory Act) the\n            loan will be placed upon the joint foundation of the two Acts, equally applicable\n            therefore to the purpose of either.\n          This being the case it is in my mind a clear proposition, that the\n            money remains in that state liable to be applied according to either or both the Acts,\n            \u2019till one of two things happens; an actual investment, or the being carried in the books\n            of the Treasury specifically to the account of the particular appropriation.\n          It appears to me that there are but two circumstances which can attach irrevocably a\n            similar fund to a particular destination\u2014either its being so attached in its original\n            creation by the formal obligatory Act, (to wit\u2014the Contract for the loan)\u2014or its having\n            receiv\u2019d in the treasury its ultimate form by being carried to the account of the\n            particular appropriation. This last, where the fund in its creation is liable to\n            different destinations is, as I suppose, the only thing which consummates & fixes\n            the precise destination\u2014\u2019Tis the record, so to speak, of the sentence or direction of the law, ascertaining its application.\n          If this position be as solid as I believe it to be, it will follow, that all collateral\n            instructions of the President intervening between his original power to make the loan,\n            and the final application of the loan, are mere directions to the Secretary of the\n            Treasury, binding on him until they are revoked, but revocable at pleasure by the\n            President until they are definitely acted upon at the Treasury.\n          This is my view of the subject; for troubling the President with which, I have no other\n            motive than merely to explain the ground of an important opinion.\n          I proceed now to execute the order of the President contained in his letter of\n            yesterday.\n          The embarrassments which I suppose may possibly arise from fixing at this time the\n            destination of the fund, are connected with the following considerations.\n          The laws, except by the means of loans, make no provision for the payment of any part\n            of the principal of the foreign debt. Instalments of the\n            principal of the Dutch debt are falling due yearly\u2014The same is the case of the Debt to\n            France, deferring the computed anticipations as has been heretofore done. Perhaps it may become the policy of the Country in a short time to\n            accelerate in the latter case.\n          The state of European affairs forbids a reliance on further\n            loans there. The actual situation of the United States (and a fortiori its possible one) is likely to call for all\n            the aid of domestic loans, which is obtainable, for domestic purposes. This resource therefore could not be depended upon as a substitute for foreign Loans\n            for foreign objects. Still less, & for the same among other reasons, could\n            additional taxation be counted upon.\n          Our credit therefore and in certain events our security in a degree, may depend on\n            retaining a part of the resource in question in a situation to come in aid of both Our\n            credit entirely, and our security, in a very small degree, are of far greater\n            consequence, than the savings to be made by the investment of 1,200,000 Dollars in\n            purchases.\n          Past experience admonishes to caution. The last loan of a million of Florins, and the present one of three millions are in some sort accidents.\n            Antecedent intelligence had in each case forbidden the expectation of either, as the\n            President will see from the letters herewith transmitted. Had\n            these not happen\u2019d, & had the monies originally drawn to this Country for purchases\n            been hastily so invested, our credit would in all probability have been lost, and\n            things, which we believe it of importance to have been done, would have been\n            impracticable.\n          A considerable defalcation of Revenue, this year seems probable.\n          I feel in a manner not less interesting to my own reputation than to the public\n            interest, the advantage of extensive purchases at the existing juncture\u2014and though I\n            think the opportunity will not escape, it enters into the plan which I should approve to\n            proceed gradually & circumspectly in availing ourselves of the advantage. But I do\n            not incline either wholly to tie up the fund at this time, or to precipitate its\n            application to that single object. I think the matter had better be left open to be\n            governed by circumstances as things shall unfold.\n          It appears to me better at the hazard of some criticism to wave or defer an advantage\n            inferior in magnitude, rather than incur a probable risk of a disadvantage of much\n            greater magnitude.\n          It appears by the letter from the Commissioners announcing the loan already\n            communicated to the President, that the receipts on account of it may be considerably\n              protracted. This is a circumstance of some weight in the\n          I submit these observations with all deference to the decision of the President, and have the honor to, with the highest respect &c.\n            Alexandr Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0512", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] April 25. \u201994.\n          The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President & sends a\n            letter to him from Captn Cochran. The manner in which it appears explains the error of\n            having opened it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0515", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 26 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] April 26. 1794.\n          The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President of the U. States,\n            & encloses the draft of a Passport for the American sloop Eliza,\n            now in this port, bound for St Domingo with Passengers, for the Presidents", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0516", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Henry Knox, 26 April 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Knox, Henry\n            [Philadelphia] Saturday 26th Aprl 1794.\n          By the President\u2019s order B. Dandridge sends the enclosed letter &c. from the Govr.\n            of No. Carolina to the President, to the Secretary of war. The\n            President wishes the Secretary to inform him what has prevented a final settlement of\n            the business respecting the Sloop L\u2019Amie Marguirette, & what is necessary to be done\n            in order to an ultimate decision relatively thereto.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0518", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 26 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Saturday evening [Philadelphia, 26 April 1794]\n          E. Randolph has the honor of inclosing to the President of the U.S. a letter from\n            General Wilkinson, which, tho\u2019 of a factious cast, is still proper to be submitted to\n            the President. The parts of a public nature are included in the black line.\n          E.R. will be obliged to the President for the bundle of papers, relative the additional loan.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0519", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 27 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Commissioners for the District of Columbia\n            Gentlemen,\n            Philadelphia April 27th 1794\n          The Post of yesterday brought me your favor of the 23d instant.\n          I am obliged to you for the early attention which you have given to the request\n            contained in my letter of the 11th preceeding, and I am perfectly well satisfied with\n            the price which you have affixed on the lot, I have obtained.\n          If it be necessary for me to decide at this moment, whether I will avail myself of the\n            offer you have made me of the No. West quarter of the same square, I shall answer in the\n            affirmative; but it would be more agreeable to me (if no inconvenience would result from\n            delay) to suspend my determination until I could examine, & form my plan on the\n            spot; for as it is for the purpose of improvement I fix on that site, whensoever my\n            finances will enable me, I should like to see in what manner this can be done most\n            advantageously. Had the So. East, instead of the No. West quarte\u27e8r\u27e9 of this square\n            fallen to the public, I should have embraced your offer with avidity; not that I think\n            it of more intrinsic value than the other (if I recollect the ground rightly) but\n            because the hill declining that way also, it would have laid me entirely open to the\n            South, and have given a fine exposure for a Garden.\n          As soon after the rising of Congress as the business of the public will allow, I intend\n            a visit to Mount Vernon for a few days; and if I knew the time appointed for your next\n            meeting at George Town, a few days delay on my part, in order to meet you there, would\n            be attended with no inconvenience to me.\n          Your letter to Messrs Harrison and Tayler was sent to them as soon as I had read it. I\n            sincerely wish you were rid of that business to your intire satisfaction. I fear,\n            however, you will have some trouble in it before this happens.\n          I shall not, at this time, enter upon the subject of the letter written to me by Mr\n            Johnson & Doctr Stuart, further than to express my wish that they would remain in\n            Office until August, if it can be made to comport with their convenience. The reasons for this shall be assigned when we meet, or in another\n            letter, if this is not likely to happen soon. With very great esteem & regd I remain\n            Gentlemen Yr Obedient Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0520", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Fitzgerald, 27 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Fitzgerald, John\n            Philadelphia 27th April 1794\n          Your letter of the 14th instant \u27e8ca\u27e9me to hand in due course of Post, and \u27e8w\u27e9ould have\n            received an earlier acknowledgment had I not been pressed with other business.\n          I have no hesitation in declaring, \u27e8t\u27e9hat the conduct of Mr Thomas Digges towards the\n            United States during the War (in which they were engaged with Great Britain) and since,\n            as far as the same has come to my knowledge, has not only been\n            friendly, but I might add zealous.\n          When I conversed with you on this subject in Alexandria, I\n            thought I recollected a special, & pointed instance of beneficial service he had\n            rendered this Country in sending me, between the leather & paste-board cover of a\n            book, \u27e8some\u27e9 important intelligence; but upon \u27e8ref\u27e9lecting more maturely on the matter\n            since, I am unable to decide positively whether it was from him,\n            or another gentleman this expedient was adopted, to elude the consequences of a search.\n            Be this however as it may, it is in my recollection that various verbal communications came to me, as from him, by our\n            captives who had escaped from confinement in England; and I\n            think I have received written ones also: but the latter, (if at all) must have been rare\n            on account of the extreme hazard of discovery, & the consequences which would\n            follow, both to the writer and bearer of such corrispondences.\n          Since the war, abundant evidence might be adduced of his ac\u27e8ti\u27e9vity and zeal (with\n            considerable risk) in sending artisans and machines of public utility to this Country\u2014I\n            mean by encouraging and facilitating their transporta\u27e8tion\u27e9 as also of useful\n            information to the Secretary of State, to put him on his guard \u27e8aga\u27e9inst nefarious\n            attempts to make Paper &ca, for the purpose of counterfeiting our money. Until you mentioned the doubts which were entertained of Mr Digges\u2019s\n            attachment to this Country, I had no idea of its being questioned. With esteem and\n            regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Obedient Hble Servt\n            Go: Washington\n            P.S. Since writing the foregoing letter, I have seen & conversed with Mr John\n              Trumbull respecting Mr T. Digges. The former, before he was committed to the Tower of\n              London, was well acquainted with the latter, in England, and much in his company. To\n              him, Mr Digges always appeared well attached to the rights & Interests of the\n              United States. Knows that he was active in aiding our citizens\n              to escape from their confinement in England; and be\u27e8lieve\u27e9s he was employed to do so by Doctr\n              \u27e8Fran\u27e9klin. Mr Trumbull has never seen Mr Digges since he left the Tower, but has\n              heard that a difference arose between him and the Doctr not from any distrust\n              entertained by the latter \u27e8of\u27e9 disaffection in the former; but on the \u27e8s\u27e9ettlement of\n              their accounts.\n            The preceeding statement is made from the best recollection I have of the Subject.\n              The expression might (if I had had more leisure) been more correct, but not more\n              consonant with truth. Such as it is you are welcome to make what use you please of\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0521", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 27 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n            Philadelphia April the 27th 1794.\n          I cannot, under all the circumstances of the case, satisfy myself, that I am at liberty\n            to go contrary to my last instructions; and that I have authority to direct the money,\n            which I have expressly directed to be applied to the purchase of the public debt, to be\n            applied to any other object.\n          Still, however, I am willing, that the embarrassments, which you StatRichard Peters, ed. The Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America, from the Organization of the Government in 1789, to March 3, 1845 . . .. 8 vols. Boston, 1845-67.. shall be communicated to Congress; and I have no objection to recommend\n            to them to order the money to be reserved for the exigencies which you point out.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0522", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 27 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n            Philadelphia 27th April 1794.\n          Your letter of the 22d instant with its enclosures came duly to hand.\n          Thomas Green\u2019s account of the dimensions of the Rooms in my house in Alexandria, is so\n            confused & perplexed, that I can make neither head nor tail of it. The length,\n            breadth & height of each, with the distance from the washboard to the Chairboard,\n            & the number of doors & windows in each room, was all I wanted; instead of these\n            he has attempted to draw a plan which no one can understand, and has given an\n            explanation of it that is still more incomprehensible.\n          I am very glad to find that you have caused so much flaxseed to be so\u27e8wn,\u27e9 as appears\n            from the Memorandum se\u27e8nt\u27e9 me; but have you not departed from the plan which was to\n            regulate the gra\u27e8ss-\u27e9lots at Dogue run Farm? As well a\u27e8s I\n            reco\u27e9llect, these were to succeed each ot\u27e8her in Po\u27e9tatoes\u2014and one after another to \u27e8be\n            sown\u27e9 with Oats & Clover; and this rotine was to be persevered in. As the case now\n            is, neither the lot East of the New Barn, nor that in number 3,\n            can be touched next year; and neither of them, I fear, will be in condition to yield\n            much clover. My intention with respect to these lots was, by soiling the Plow horses\n            with the Clover, cut green, to save the great expense of grain. By having one of them\n            therefore in Potatoes; another in Oats, sown also with Clover; and the third in Clover,\n            there would always have been one (which is sufficient for this purpose) handy to the Stable; more would be unnecessary, as there will be such a\n            quantity of mowing ground on the Farm for the support of the Stock, the Mansion house,\n          Particular attention will be paid I hope to penning of the Stock, an\u27e8d\u27e9 shifting the\n            Pens\u2014nothing has been mo\u27e8re\u27e9 neglected\u2014general as neglects have hit\u27e8her\u27e9to been on my\n            estate\u2014than the latter, m\u27e8ere\u27e9ly to avoid the trouble of removing the [Posts].\n          How does the White thorn\u27e8, and t\u27e9he cuttings of the Willow & other sets\u27e8, which\n            hav\u27e9e been put out this Spring, loo\u27e8k? & ap\u27e9pear to have taken, & to be in a\n            thriving condition?\n          I mentioned to you in my last that 5000 plants of the White thorn was to be sent to me,\n            by Mr Lear in the Ship Peggy, from London to George Town. I have advice of the Sailing\n            of the Ship, and hope it is arrived. No time should be lost in getting the Plants home\n            (to Mt Vernon) as every day\u2019s delay will put th\u27e8em\u27e9 more & more in jeopardy. Mr Lear\n            in his last letter informs me that he had by the same Vessel, sent some fruit trees for\n            his own use, wch he requests my care of: let these also be taken to Mount Vernon &\n            put into a nursery for his use; & the Gardener\u27e8\u2019s\u27e9 particular care of them is\n              required. I am your friend &ca\n            Go: Washington\n            P.S. With this letter you will receive a paper of Lima beans, which the Gardener will\n              p\u27e8lant\u27e9 the first of May; seperate from any oth\u27e8ers; and be\u27e9 particularly careful of", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0523", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 27 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia April 27. 1794.\n          I own, that if a loan could be completed to the amount of the whole fourteen millions,\n            or if it could be even carried further, it would be adviseable, under the present\n            situation of things, to go very great lengths, in obtaining money. But this is not the\n            question; and as I think the step, which you may now take, will be much examined by the\n            public, I will endeavour to present the case to you in a plain, simple view.\n          You were authorized to borrow fourteen millions of dollars; that is two for the sinking\n            fund and twelve for the foreign debt. You gave authority to borrow to the whole amount\n            to Colo. Hamilton. In this sense his power is complete without any additional one; or in\n            other words, a loan made under your first power would be binding upon the U.S.\n          But in your instruction of 28th of August 1790, you prohibit him from borrowing more,\n            than as much as will be necessary for completing the instalments or parts of the\n            principal of the foreign debt, and the interest thereon to the end of the year 1791;\n            unless the foreign debt can be changed to advantage. As no such charge could be made in\n            the foreign debt, no more money was borrowed than what should be necessary to pay those\n            instalments and the interest.\n          Hence Colo. Hamilton was under a necessity in August 1793 to obtain a relaxation of the\n            instruction of the 28th of Aug: 1790, or he could not have borrowed one shilling more;\n            as he did not, nor does now contemplate to change the foreign debt.\n          The instruction was accordingly relaxed by another on the 8th of Aug. 1793, in which\n            you say, that the money to be borrowed shall be applied to purchases of the public\n              debt. The same thing had been said in your letter to Colo.\n            Hamilton of the 27th of July. He was privy to the course, which the thing had taken in\n            your mind: he made no objection\u2014he drew the instruction in August 1793\u2014the appropriation\n            was demonstrably right at that time\u2014nothing has occurred since to make it wrong\u2014but the\n            idea is, that the situation of public affairs requires that the money borrowed should be\n            held ready for any other purpose.\n          I am persuaded, that this cannot be done now by the President;\n            because he has shewn by his last instruction, that he would probably\n            not have assented to the loan at all; if it had not been for the purpose of the sinking\n            fund. He has once executed the power, which he had under the law; and he cannot execute\n            it over again.\n          I shall not deny, however, that there may be great cases, in which appropriations must\n            be diverted; nor yet, that the present may be one of them. But still the proper\n            authority must do this. That proper authority is not the President, but congress and\n            congress alone.\n          It is of real importance to consider, how far this change of appropriation may involve\n            the President in past transactions. For it certainly will be said, that if the President\n            could change his own appropriations, so might the Secretary of the treasury, to whom he\n            gave such full powers\u2014Indeed, I will not undertake to say, what would be the operation\n            of this act, which is proposed to you.\n          I cannot see the full extent of the measure; but I see perfect safety, as well to\n            yourself as to the public, by sending a letter, like this in substance to Colo.\n          \u201cI cannot, under all the circumstances of the case, satisfy myself, that I am at\n            liberty to go contrary to my last instructions; and that I have authority to direct the\n            money, which I have expressly directed to be applied to the purchase of the public debt\n            to be applied to any other object. Still however I am willing, that the embarrassments,\n            which you consider as probable, shall be communicated to congress; and I have no\n            objection to recommend to them to order the money to reserved for the exigencies, which\n            you point out.\u201d  I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest\n            respect Yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0524", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 27 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Sunday Evening. [Philadelphia, 27 April 1794]\n          E. Randolph has the honor of inclosing to the President the draught of a nomination;\n            and begs leave to suggest to him, whether it may not be adviseable to shew it to Colo.\n            H., who will be with the President to morrow morning.\n          E.R. has conversed with several gentlemen, who are of the same politics, with the person contemplated as the successor. Upon\n            the whole, they think, that his appointment would be satisfactory; tho\u2019 they are not\n            insensible of there being some objection. The particular individual, with whom the\n            President wished E.R. to converse, concurs; but expresses himself thus. \u201cI think, his\n            deafness is an exception to him; but as no person, more acceptable to the Republicans\n            here and France can be found, it would be adviseable to send him.\u201d\n          Colo. Fanisse, Aid de Camp to General Rochambeau, delivered me this morning a letter\n            from him to E.R.; which will be shewn to the President to morrow. Fanisse says, that Admiral Jervis, and General Gray told Rochambeau, that the English\n            would force the U.S. to declare for, or against France without delay.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0525", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 27 April 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n            N. Carolina New Bern 27th Apl 1794\n          Agreable to the request contained in the Secretary of Wars letter of the 24 of March\n            last I have endeavoured to get information of the cannon of & above the calibre of\n            eighteen pounds the property of this State.\n          There are at Edenton 13 twenty four pounders 8 eighteen pounders also 6 twelve pounders\n            there are likewise one or two twenty four pounders at Swansborough, of these last I have\n            not received full information. none of those cannon have any apparatus whatever\n            belonging to them.\n          I have as yet had no accounts whether there are any cannon at Wilmington or Beaufort as\n            soon as I do I shall send on information of their number quality & condition.\n          In regards to the building the forts at Occacock & cape Fear your request of my\n            superintending generally the business shall be complied with as far as is within my\n            knowledge or abilities by paying every attention to it that is in my power. I have the\n            honor to be with respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0526", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Bushrod Washington, 27 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, Bushrod\nTo: Washington, George\n            Dear Uncle\n            Richmond [Va.] April 27th 1794\n          I take the liberty of writing by Mr Maund who is going to Philadelphia, and of\n            introducing him to you. I wrote you some posts ago, respecting a\n            suit of Hanchaw agt you in the High Court of Chancery, which I hope you have\n              recieved. with love to my Aunt I am most sincerely Your\n            Affect. Nephew\n            Bushd Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0527", "content": "Title: To George Washington from George Eimbeck, 28 April 1794\nFrom: Eimbeck, George\nTo: Washington, George\n          Letter not found: from George Eimbeck, 28 April 1794. An entry\n            in GW\u2019s executive journal for 15 May reads: \u201cReceived a letter from Geo. Eimbeck,\n            Savanna 28 April 1794 on the subject of obtaining his pay &c. for services in the\n            last war. Referred it to The Secy. of War\u201d (JPPDorothy Twohig, ed. The Journal of the Proceedings of the President, 1793\u20131797. Charlottesville, Va., 1981., 303).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0528", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 28 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia April 28. 1794\n          With the change of the word \u201cembassy,\u201d which is a technical term\n            for a particular diplomatic order, for \u201cmission,\u201d which is a\n            general one; I cannot see the possible necessity for another alteration in the letter to\n          I sincerely believe, that Mr P\u2014\u2014y would be agreeable to France; tho\u2019 not so agreeable\n            as Mr L\u2014\u2014n. The arrangement of Mr J\u2014y, as resident in London, might be a fortunate\n            circumstance, if he would assent to it. But I doubt this; because he has eye immediately\n            on the government of N.Y.\u2014and ultimately on the Presidency. Besides his present office\n            is an abundance for his wants, and he can educate his children in their own country;\n            which of itself is an immensity. However, if he could be consulted, without Mr L\u2014\u2014n\n            knowing it, I still repeat, that it would be a fortunate circumstance, should he remove\n            the objection, which has been made to his nomination as envoy. I\n            have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n            Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0532", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Vaughan, 28 April 1794\nFrom: Vaughan, John\nTo: Washington, George\n          Having mentioned to Mr Hamilton the Substance of a sentiment conveyed to me by D[r]\n            Bancroft, He thought the communication would be agreeable to you I enclose the original\n            & have made an extract. I remain with the greatest esteem\n            Jn Vaughan", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0533", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 29 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] April 29 1794\n          The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President of the United\n            States & encloses the draft of a passport for a schooner called the Eliza of New\n            York, for the President\u2019s signature. The application which accompanies it, comes from a\n            number of French Emigrants now in New York. The Collector will be instructed to fill the\n            blank with the name of the master which is not known.\n            Alex. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0534", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 29 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Jay, John\n          (Secret & confidential)\n          My dear Sir,Philadelphia 29th April\n          Receive, I pray you, the suggestion I am going to impart with\n            the friendship and caution the delicacy of it requires.\n          You are already informed that I am under the necessity of recalling Mr Gouvr. Morris\n            from France\u2014and you can readily conceive the difficulty which occurs in finding a\n            successor that would be agreeable to that Nation, and who, at the same time, would meet\n            the approbation of the friends of that Country in this.\n          These considerations have induced me to ask you, if it could be mad\u27e8e\u27e9 to comport with\n            your inclination, after you shall have finished your business as Envoy, and not before,\n            to become the Resident Minister Plenipotentiary at London; that Mr Pinckney, by that\n            mean\u27e8s\u27e9 might be sent to Paris? I mean no more than simply to ask the question, not intending (although the measure would\n            remove the above difficulty) to press it in the smallest degree.\n          If you answer in the affirmative, be so good as to return the enclosed letter to me,\n            and correspondent arrangements shall be made. If in the negative, I pray you to forward\n            it, through the Penny Post or otherwise according to circumstances, to the Gentleman to\n            whom it is directed, without delay\u2014and in either case to let the transaction be confined\n            entirely to ourselves. With much truth & regard I am\n            sincerely & affectionately Yours\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0535", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 29 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War department April 29th 1794.\n          I have the honor to submit to your consideration a letter from Governor Moultrie of the\n            12th instant and a proposed answer thereto, intended to be sent by a Vessel sailing this\n          The letter of the 2nd instant alluded to, is the letter I had the honor of reading to\n            you yesterday and upon which I will obtain the Opinions of the heads of departments in\n            order to be submitted to you. I have the honor to be, Sir, with\n            perfect respect, Your obedient Servant,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0536", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Robert R. Livingston, 29 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Livingston, Robert R.\n          Dear Sir,Philadelphia 29th April\n          Circumstances have rendered it expedient to recall Mr Gouvr\n            Morris from his Mission to the Republic of France.\n          Would it be convenient and agreeable to you to supply his place?\n          An affirmative answer, would induce an immediate nomination of you, for this\n            appointment to the Senate, and the signifi cation of your sentiments, relatively\n            thereto, as soon as your determination is formed would oblige me; particularly as it is\n            not expected that that body will remain much longer in Session.\n            With very great esteem & regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Obedt Hble Servt\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0539", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 29 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n            Philadelphia 29th April 1794\n          I have read the draught of yr letter, intended as an answer to the British Minister\u2019s\n            reply to Mr Pinckneys Memorial, on the Instructions of the 8th of June 1793. Those of\n            the 6th of Novr following stands unconnected with the subject.\n          It is essential that all the cited cases should be correct; and that the general\n            statement should be placed on incontrovertible ground; otherwise, the argument will\n            recoil with redoubled force.\n          Close attention being given to these matters\u2014and the ideas expressed without warmth or\n            asperity, if upon a revision such should be found to have intermingled, I see no\n            objection to the particular answer which is prepared.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0540", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 29 April 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] April 29 1794\n          The Secretary of state has the honor of submitting to the President the inclosed rough\n            draft of a letter to Mr G. Morris, for the present only.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0541", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            [Philadelphia] April 30 1794\n          The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President of the United\n            States and encloses the draft of a Passport for the President\u2019s signature intended for\n            the Ship Hope, now at Charleston, belonging to Mr Le Maigre of Philadelphia. If the Passport is granted it will be transmitted to the Collector of\n            Charleston to insert the name of the Captain, which is not known.\n            There is an opportunity today for Charleton which mister Le Maigre is desirous of", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0542", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n            Treasy Departt April 30. 1794.\n          Inclosed I have the honor to send you the translation of a letter from Mr Fauchet, of\n            the 21st instant.\n          The arrangements of the Treasury have been taken so as to correspond with the epochs of\n            promised payment. But I entertain no doubt that I can facilitate an arrangement between\n            the Bank & Mr Fauchet which will accomplish in substance the object of his\n              letter. I did not think it proper, however, to take any\n            definitive step without previously placing the subject under the eye of the\n            President.\n          The Minister is desirous of securing an additional sum for satisfying two drafts of his\n            predecessor, which he specifies. It will be within the compass of our means to perform\n            this also. But it is not within the limit heretofore prescribed and it includes besides\n            considerations which are proper only for the decision of the President. With perfect respect &c.\n            Alexandr Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0543", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Washington, George\n          I was this day honored with your\u2019s of yesterday. There is nothing I more ardently wish\n            for than Retirement, and Liesure to attend to my Books and papers: but parental Duties\n            not permitting it, I must acquiesce, & thank God for the many Blessings I enjoy. If\n            the Judiciary was on its proper Footing, there is no public Station that I should prefer\n            to the one in which you have placed me\u2014it accords with my Turn of Mind, my Education\n          I expect to sail in the Course of a Fortnight, and if my Prayers & Endeavours\n            avail, my absence will not be of long Duration.\n          The Gentleman to whom your Letter is addressed, is not in Town\u2014To obviate Delay and\n            accidents, I sent it to his Brother, who will doubtless forward it immediately, either\n            by a direct Conveyance or by the Post.\n          From the Confidence you repose in me I derive the most pleasing Emotions, and I thank\n            you for them. Life is uncertain. whether I take your Letter with me or leave it here, it\n            would in Case of my Death be inspected by others, who however virtuous, might be\n            indiscreet. After much Reflection, I conclude it will be most prudent to commit it to\n            you; without retaining any Copy or Memorandum except in my Memory, where the numerous\n            proofs of your kind Attention to me are carefully preserved. with perfect Respect Esteem\n            & Attachment I am Dear Sir Your oblidged and affectte Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0544", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            War Department. April 30th 1794\n          I have the honor to submit to your consideration a letter from the Governor of Georgia,\n            and a Copy of a letter from me to which this is an answer. I\n            have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0545", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Leamy, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Leamy, John\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia April 30th 1794.\n          The Memorial of John Leamy, merchant and Citizen of the United States respectfully\n          That the said John Leamy has Property to the Amount of Sixty thousand Dollars now lying\n            at the Havana, ariseing from shipments made from this Port, & only waiting proper\n            conveyances to bring it hither, but that no Vessells are expected from that Port by\n            which his said Property may be remitted to him.\n          That if the United States be forced into a War while so much of his Property remains\n            out of his reach, your Memorialist\u2019s total ruin must be the inevitable consequence.\n          That he has a ship now lying in this Port, the Mary, Henry Stephens Master, burthen Two\n            Hundred & nine Tons, which he wishes leave to send to Ballast to the Havana for the\n            sole purpose of bringing home his said Property.\n          Your Memorialist therefore prays that you will be pleased to take the foregoing\n            circumstances into consideration & to grant him Permission to send out his said\n            Vessell for the purpose aforesaid under such restrictions as you shall think proper to\n            direct and your memorialist as in duty bound will for ever pray.\n            John Leamy", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0546", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Nathaniel Skinner, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Skinner, Nathaniel\nTo: Washington, George\n          I had this honor, while at Cadiz, informing your Excellency relative to the\n              Algerines. at last happily I am arrivd at my usual\n            residence\u27e8,\u27e9 escaped from those pirates & feel tho it has been attended with a very\n            heavy loss of property happy in being on that land of liberty oer which you preside.\n          The injury I suffer\u2019d by being disposess\u2019d of a freight of goods I had in the ship I\n            own\u2019d was great\u27e8,\u27e9 taken out without consent or recompense. this from Spaniards I did\n            not feel so much, as they bear Americans little affection\u2014But when on application to Wm\n            Carmichael Esqr. at Madrid, to solicit for a permission (every day granted to the\n            English) to reship some India goods I had with me for Gibralter, being originally\n            destined for that market: I could not even hear from him after waiting two months I was\n            more injur\u2019d than by the Spaniards\u27e8,\u27e9 being finally obliged to run the risk of much\n            property & what I held more dear the liberty of twelve persons. & I am not the\n            only instance. there was another vessell situated as mine\u2014& there are two more\u27e8,\u27e9\n            Ships Greenway & Rooksby \u27e8illegible\u27e9d by the Spaniards that\n            they do not chuse to adjudicate being now nine months in possession. months elapsed\n            after their memorials were sent to Mr C. without a reply\u2014& it is a well known thing\n            each solicitation to him is treated with neglect.\n          I do not attempt to injure Mr C. in the dark. I wrote to him that I should give notice\n            of his conduct Even the British Consul at Cadiz, agent for us all \u27e8four\u27e9 wrote pointing\n            out the difficu[l]ties we suffer\u2019d, but not a reply. No Consul then at Cadiz from\n            America to aid in the large Commercial affairs of that place.\n          Permit me to observe from the violent struggles in Morrocco for the Empire. there ports\n            are all shut, which added to the effect the WISE measures adapted in this country will\n            produce by & by the wish\u2019d for Effect The ports of Sicilly are also Shut. When I left that Quarter provisions of all kinds were very scarce.\n          Will your Excellency pardon me for suggesting a hint. A public character will be\n            wanting at Morrocco as soon as the present dispute is settled[.] their freindship will\n            cost little & should there be a navy to secure access to such a commanding port as\n            Tangier\u2014just in the straits mouth.\n          The wife & several concubines of the hereditary candidate were drove to sea\u2014put\n            into St Michaels in distress were releiv\u2019d & furnishd with an American vessell there\n            by the American consul. & it has made a pleasing & grateful impression on the\n          In the quarter of the world where I have been American property has sustaind much\n          Unused to court or public life Your Excellency will pardon my direct address if\n            improper. the apology a love for the country tempted me first to write from Spain. I am\n            with the highest sentiments of respect with the warmest wishes for your every happiness\n            with daily prayers that you may long continue to guide & direct us Your Excellencys\n            Most Obedient Most Humble Servt\n            Nathl Skinner", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0547", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Bushrod Washington, 30 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Washington, Bushrod\n            Dear Bushrod\n            Philadelphia April 30th 1794.\n          Your letter of the 22d instt came to my hands yesterday afternoon. I thank you for the\n            information contained in it, and for your kindness in offering to draw my answer to\n            Henshaws Bill, now in the high Court of Chancery; before whom it seems, I am to\n          It is really hard that I am so often called before Courts in matters in which I have no\n            interest; but am continually saddled with the expence of defence.\n          To the interrogatories of the Bill, I answer, from my best recollection, having no\n            papers by me to resort to.\n          That John Tayloe, George Mason and myself were appointed Attornies by George Mercer\n            & others, in England, to whom he had mortgaged his estate in Virginia, or part\n            thereof, with directions to sell the same.\n          That John Tayloe and myself accepted the trust\u2014but Mason declined doing it.\n          That a dispute with respect to the priority of the Mortgage under which we were to\n            sell, and one given by the former attorney of George Mercer in Virgina ensued\u2014was\n            carried into the high Court of Chancery in that State\u2014and an Interlocutory decree\n          That pursuant to the said decretal order, Tayloe & myself (or rather myself alone\n            for I had the whole trouble of it) sold the Mortgaged estate in November 1774, and to\n            the best of my recollection, on the terms and in the manner set forth in the Bill. The\n            money, when received to be subject to the future order of the Court.\n          That in the Month of May following, I attended the Congress which sat in Philadelphia;\n            In June of the same year was appointed to the Command of the American Army, then\n            assembled at Cambridge; and remained with it, in its different movements, for several\n            years, before I returned to Virginia.\n          That finding, about the time the Bonds had become due, there was no\n            prospect of my returning to Virginia in any short time, or having it in my power to\n            render any further service in discharge of the trust which had been committed to us. I\n            informed Tayloe thereof; requested him to place the Bonds in the hands of a proper\n            person to collect; and to take the whole matter upon himself; for, as I was unable to\n            render any further assistance, I should no longer consider myself responsible for any\n            thing which might happen thereafter.\n          Thus stood the matter about the period when the Bonds became due. After the death of\n            Tayloe, & my continually refusing any agency in the business, further than to report\n            what had been done by myself; and which no other was competent to, in a legal sense, It\n            was, by a decree of the high Court of Chancery, in Virginia, put into the hands of John\n            Francis Mercer, for purposes mentioned therein; & by him were the Bonds put into\n            suit thereafter.\n          That Henshaw may have become a purchaser at the Sale in 1774 on the terms, and to the\n            amount set forth in the Bill, is highly probable. But I have no recollection of his ever\n            having made a tender of payment to me at Cambridge, or of the conversation which he has\n            stated; and conceive, if application had been made to me for the purpose mentioned, he\n            would have recd an answer to the effect I have here mentioned.\n          If I am not mistaken the Bill of Henshaw, which you have now sent, or one similar to\n            it; has been before me once or twice already; & my answer obtained through Mr Jno.\n            Mercer, to whom when served with the summons, I sent it; & by whom it was drawn. I pray you if it be practicable in time, to enquire into the\n            matter\u2014There must be neglect somewhere if it is not to be produced. With much truth I am\n            your sincere friend and Affectionate Uncle.\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-15-02-0548", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Saint Domingue Refugees of Wilmington, Delaware, April 1794\nFrom: Saint Domingue Refugees of Wilmington, Delaware\nTo: Washington, George\n          To The President of the United States, the Petition of Sundry Persons late of the\n            Island of St Domingo, now residing at Wilmington in the Delaware State respectfully\n          That on the fourth day of October last, when Cape Francois was abandoned finally to the\n            revolted Negroes, more than two hundred wretched French Inhabitants, of which number are\n            your Petitioners, embarked for Wilmington in Delaware, where they arrived during the\n            Month of November.\n          That after having escaped from the conflagration of the Cape, & the pillage of\n            their slaves, they fell into the Hands of the Providence Privateers, by whom they were entirely stript of the slender remains of their\n          That, being informed of the noble & generous resolution of Congress to grant\n            fifteen thousand dollars for the relief of the wretched fugitives from St Domingo, the\n            disposal of which sum they have confided to your Wisdom & Humanity, We the Subscribers, being equally destitute with others, who have taken\n            refuge on this Continent, beg leave, & most earnestly sollicit to be considered as\n            proper objects of the publick Bounty. Signed\n            La Bigne tans pour ma Seure Laurant que pourmais deux neuveux Et mes deux\n            Madame Dulue et Ses Deux fille\n            Veve desCoin Bellair Et trois Enfants Et Sophie Pothiey\n            veuve Gu\u00e9 et huit enfan\n            DeLouville et sa fille\n            Ve. Baqu\u00e9 et ses deux fille\n            Borie pour son Epouse et Son fille\n            Ve. Albre\u27e8pris\u27e9\n            Veve gar\u00e9s\n            Mad[am]e \u27e8robin\u27e9 et son mar\u00ffe et sais sinque enfans\n            houard Desrochers\n            Gervaize\n            Lehu\u00e9d\u00e9 et Son Epouse\n            Marilouise et ces deux enfan\u27e8ts\u27e9\n            Nanons et ces quatre enf\u27e8ants\u27e9\n            Sophie et un anfant\n            adelaide et quatre enfan\u27e8ts\u27e9\n            Modeste et sa s\u0153ur\n            Reine et deux enfans\n            Sannitte et une enfan\n            jusethine et trois yinffant\n            Laurette & Ces deux Enfants\n            Marthonne", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Clement Cruttwell, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Cruttwell, Clement\nTo: Washington, George\n                  England Wokingham, Berkshire May 1st 1794\n               By the will of the late Dr Wilson Prebendary of westminster & Rector of S. Stephens Walbrook in London I was directed to transmit to your Excellency a Copy of his Fathers Works the Venerable Bishop of Sodor & Man; and the English Bible in which are contained the notes of that good Bishop.  I have yet delayed to fulfill the desire of my mind that I might at the same have the honour of requesting a place in your Library for a work of my own A Concordance, by me intended as a Companion to the Bible, that you may long enjoy the Honours you have well deserved in a country of peace & Prosperity is the fervent wish and prayer of Your Excellency\u2019s Most Obedient Servant and Admirer\n                  Clement Cruttwell", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0002", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to send herewith drafts of sundry passports for vessels to go with passengers to St Domingo; but I begin to suspect that this is, or may be made a cover for carrying on mercantile speculations contrary to the true spirit of the Embargo, & in a manner liable to great inconveniency.\n               It is easy to see that specie to a vast amount may be sent in such vessels to purchase West India produce, either to be brought to the United States, or to be carried elsewhere\u2014a circumstance which may suddenly drain us of too large a proportion of our Coin & occasion mischievous consequences.\n               It seems to me therefore of real moment either that the practice should be wholly discontinued, or that it should be put under regulations calculated as much as possible to avoid abuse.\n               To this end, security may be required, that the vessel shall proceed to the place for which she shall be cleared & return from thence directly to The United States in ballast. This security, calculating the proportion between vessels & Cargoes, ought to be for not less than treble the value of the vessel, to be judged of by the Collector of the District from which she is about to depart. An Oath may also be added that the vessel is bona fide destined to the place for which the passport is requested, & is truly intended to take with her nothing but passengers & their baggage, together with the necessary Sea-stores for the voyage and \n                  particularly that she is not intended to take with her any merchandize or money for any purpose of trade or traffic whatsoever.\n               A further addition to these precautions may be that a vessel shall take with her at least at the rate of one passenger to two tons of her burthen, to be entitled to the benefit of the passport which will forward the end for which the passports are granted & be a collateral proof of sincerity.\n               Even with all these precautions, I have a serious doubt whether any permissions should be granted beyond the present applications. With the most perfect respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0003", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to submit the enclosed letter just received from Major General Wayne dated the 10th of March 1794.  I am, Most respectfully, Sir, Your obedient Servant.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0005", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               The great demand for mounted militia for the defensive protection of the frontiers and the immense expence attending the measure far exceeding according to any information in my\n                  possession, the supposed security or advantages thereof have induced an anxiety in my mind that some principles should be fixed and adopted upon this subject.\n               The letter of the Governor of Georgia submitted yesterday together with the letters herewith submitted from the Governors of Virginia and the South Western Territory strongly enforce the propriety of some immediate arrangement.\n               Hitherto Pennsylvania, Kentucky and the Counties of Virginia have not requested the defence of any mounted Militia. They have been contented with a few scouts or spies formed of the best woodsmen in order to discover the movements of the enemy and give the alarm to the inhabitants or the Militia foot which have been allowed. This species of defence seems to have been tested by experience, more solid than any conjectures about mounted militia. For hitherto I believe the benefits of mounted militia may in general be considered only as conjectural excepting the aptitude they have had to kill indians whose confidence upon our friendship have induced them to approach the settlements by the most public paths.\n               Influenced by this opinion I beg leave to submit the following ideas.\n               1. That no more than one hundred horse be allowed for the defensive protection of Georgia.\n               2d. That as many additional militia foot be allowed to the hundred already permitted and the continental Troops as will admit of a Block house being erected every twenty five Miles or thereabouts each Blockhouse to have one Subaltern one Serjeant one Corporal and fifteen privates.\n               3. That Governor Blount be permitted the same sort of defence for his Territory with thirty mounted Volunteers. It is understood that by an order of the 14. April Mero district has been arranged.\n               4. That a correspondent number of Garrisons for Blockhouses be allowed for the South Western parts of Virginia and the Ohio but no mounted Militia\u2014the usual number of Scouts is however to be retained.\n               That the several blockhouses be erected by the Militia without expence to the United States.\n               That this arrangement be for defence\u2014that in cases of invasion the provisions in the constitution to be resorted to.\n               That returns of the number of Garrisons aforesaid be made to the Secretary of War and Continental Officers to be appointed to muster the Men as often as once in every three Months or oftner if possible and that any of the Garrisons who should be absent, unless by actual sickness, of which ample evidence should be produced, should forfeit his pay and if by permission of his Officer he should forfeit his pay.\n               Very special circumstances upon which the safety of the Garrison may have rested, as to procure a supply of Ammunition, provisions or to warn the Inhabitants of any imminent danger or upon a scout to be considered as good reasons for dispensing with this order.\n               I have the honor to subjoin a report of Colonel Henley upon the mounted Militia of the South Western frontier.  I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0006", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               Mr Dalton informed me yesterday, that, not being pressed as to time before monday next, he would consider himself as the treasurer of the mint, until Saturday night. He would then deliver up his charge to the director; who would have no difficulty in executing the little business, which might occur for a few days, and would very readily agree to undertake it. Mr Rittenhouse, not being in town, nor expected until friday, could not be consulted. But his assent may be so certainly counted upon; that I\n                  shall proceed to inquire about Mr Bassett.  I have the honor, sir, to be with the greatest respect yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0008", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Daniel Carroll, 2 May 1794\nFrom: Carroll, Daniel\nTo: Washington, George\n                  City of Washington May 2d 1794\n               Your favor of the 28th Ulto to the Commissioners, was deliverd to me.  In consequence of what you write, I am induced to inform you, that the Commissioners adjourn\u2019d to the 5th of next month (June)\u2014perhaps Mr Johnson may not find it convenient to attend for a few days (2 or 3) after that time, as he did not expect to return to his family before the 1st of June, from a journey to the Westward. I have the honor to be, with sentiments of the greatest respect, Sir, your mo. obt & very Hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0009", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 2 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of the Treasury has the honor of enclosing herewith the draft of a passport for the President\u2019s signature\u2014intended for the brigantine Lily, now at Baltimore.  The case was here before the Secretary\u2019s letter of yesterday was sent to the President, and was overlooked.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0010", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 2 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n               I did not think it worth while to give you the trouble of writting a formal answer, and therefore I desired the Secretary of State, who was with me on business, if he had an opportunity, to ask an explanation of the last clause in your letter of the 30th ulto\u2014He has just informed me, that you state that there is money in your hands, applicable to the French debt; and upon the whole, I do not see any objection to your making the payments to Mr Fauchet, which you mention in that letter.\n               I return the passports signed; & I am so fully impressed with the necessity of discontinuing the issuing of them without some restrictions, that I request you to be careful in charging the Collectors, not to suffer any of vessels for which they are given, to depart without complying with the conditions expressed in your letter of this date.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0013", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Murray, 3 May 1794\nFrom: Murray, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               Among the various Applications for Command in our Infant Navy, I beg leave to trouble you with the Offer of my humble services.\n               From having been regularly brought up in that Line, & from the close attention that I have ever paid to the Duties of an Officer, I flatter myself I coud render myself worthy of such an appointment.\n               Without assuming any Merit from having ever done my Duty, it may not be amiss to certify upon what Principle I am justified in making so important a request, which I am confident requires the best Capacity, & experience, but circumstanced as we are at present, it will be no easy task to find out proper Characters to Command our Ships, yet I flatter myself I coud acquit myself as well as most that may apply.\n               I was only a Leiutenant on the Old Establishment & served on board the Trumbull, & Alliance Frigates, & was in Commission on board the latter when she was sold out of Public service, but in the intervals of my not being imployed in that Line\u2014I\n                  commanded well Armed Letters of Marque with general success, & fought in ten different Actions some of which very severe ones, and to shew how constantly I devoted myself to the service of my Country, when in the earlier period of the War, I had no imployment at Sea, I served as a Leiut. in Colo. Smallwoods Regt all that Arduous Campaig<n> of 1776, whose Merits you are well acquainted with, & at the close of which, I was appointed to the Command of a Company in the first Maryland Regt, but the hardships of that service, so debilitated my constitution, that I coud no longer do my Duty in the Army, & resigned for a Commission in the Navy, my favorite Element.\n               \u2019Tho foreign from the present subject, I cant help relating to you a hardship I was under, for not having served up to the limited time in the Army to entitle me to the Emoluements thereof granted by Congress at the close of the War & the Navy being excluded from that Grant, I never received much for my Services, but had entailed on me the misfortune of having injured my hearing ever since, \u2019tho not injuriou<s> in any professional imployment of this Nature is notwithstanding very unpleasent in common society.\n               having been a resident here for some years in the Mercantile line, the success of my efforts hath placed me above any lucrative principles in soliciting your favor, but as I have ever had a fondness for the Navy, I confess I have strong motives to serve my Country once more faithfully in that Line, & not having the Honor of being personally known to you, & confident of the Caution & strict enquiries that will be made as to the Eligibility of Characters to fill such important stations, I can refer to many respectable Gentlemen of this City, as well as to the Delegates in Congress at present here from Maryland, from which State I came, & to whom I am generally known.\n               I cannot conclude without expressing my fears of having too far intruded on you with my concerns, but whether, or not, it meets your concurrence be assured that I shall ever remain with the most profound respect\u2014your Most Obt hum: Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0015", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 4 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               Your letter of the 29th ulto, and the reports which were enclosed, came duly to hand.\n               I am sorry to find by the first that the Ship Peggy had not then arrived at George Town, from London. I fear the White thorn Plants (5,000 in number) which I have on board, together with Mr Lears fruit Trees, will suffer very much, if they are not entirely destroyed; by the advanced season.  Let the ground (wherever the first are to go) be prepared for their reception, that no time which can be avoided, may be lost in getting them into it, as to the latter, that is the fruit trees, there cannot be many of them, consequently no previous preparation is necessary, for their deposit.\n               I wish you had discharged Green without any ceremony, when you found him drinking, and idling his time away; as to any reliance, on his promise to amend, there can be no sort of dependance: for it has been found that he is growing worse & worse: The consequence of which is, that he dare not find fault with those who are entrusted to his care, lest they shd retort, & disclose his rascally conduct; by which means work that the same number of hands would perform in a week, takes mine a month. Nothing but compasion for his helpless family, has hitherto induced me to keep him a moment in my service (so bad is the example he sets); but if he has no regard for them himself, it is not to be expected that I am to be a continual sufferer on this acct, for his misconduct.\n               I never could get an account of the Corn made on my Estate last year, consequently can form no idea of the quantity now on hand, nor of the prospect there is of its carrying me through the year. At any rate it should be used with great care, but if it is likely to run short, as much parsimony should be observed as can comport with the absolute calls for it, on the farms, as I know not where to get more; & should find it inconvenient to pay for it if I did.\n               Does the first sown Buck Wheat come up well?  as fast as any field, or lot is planted with Potatoes, let the quantity which has been used therefor, be noted in the Farm Report of the place where they have been used. To plant the Potatoes whole is best, where there is enough of them; when there is not, cutting becomes necessary, & should then be adopted.\n               In the Gardeners report is a query, if apricots will be wanting to preserve. I answer no. for the situation of public business now is, and likely to remain such, that my family will not be able to spend any time at Mount Vernon this Summer\u2014that is\u2014I cannot do it, & Mrs Washington would not chuse to be there without me. My present intention is, if public business will permit, to make a flying trip there soon after the rising of Congress; but when that will be is more than I am able to decide, at present.\n               It is not usual\u2014nor is there any occasion\u2014for Papering the ceiling of the Room, or rooms (if more than one should be papered) in the House, in Alexandria.  I am\u2014Your friend &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0017", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 5 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               It appears to be the desire of the writers of the enclosed Letter, that it should be laid before you for your direction, which I accordingly do.  I think the Embargo will operate upon the case, notwithstanding the ultimate destination of the vessel. With perfect respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0018", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 5 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               Mr Hamilton presents his respects to The President. Mr Talleyrand De Perigord formerly Bishop D\u2019Autun, who the President is probably informed, lately arrived here informs Mr Hamilton that he has a letter of Introduction to The President from Lord Landsdown and asks how & when he can present it.  Mr Hamilton promised him to enquire to day\u2014but on account of the President\u2019s deafness this morning did not think it adviseable to trouble him on the subject. If the President by a line will be so good as to enable Mr Hamilton answer the Inquiry, it will oblige him & Mr Perigord.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0020", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 5 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n                  Gentlemen of the Senate, \n               Since the nomination of Richard Harrison, as Judge of the District of New York, he has requested me to withdraw his name.  Having informed myself, through the channel, marked out by the Senate in their resolution of the 27. of January 1792 for the communication of their executive proceedings to the President, that the nomination is not decided; I therefore withdraw the same, and nominate,\n               John Laurance, to be Judge of the District of New York.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0021", "content": "Title: Notice of John Jay\u2019s Powers as Envoy Extraordinary to Great Britain, 6 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n               George Washington President of the United States of America. To all, and singular, whom these Presents shall concern\u2014Greeting.\n               Know Ye, That for the purpose of confirming between the United States of America, and his Britannic Majesty perfect harmony and a good correspondence, and of removing all grounds of dissatisfaction, and from a special Trust and Confidence in\n                  the Integrity, Prudence, and abilities of John Jay, Chief Justice of the United States, I have nominated, and by and with the advice and Consent of the Senate appointed, the said John Jay Envoy Extraordinary of the United States to his Britannic Majesty, hereby giving and granting to him full and all manner of Power and Authority, as also a general and special command, at the Court of his said Majesty, for and in the name of the United States, to meet and confer with the Ministers, Commissioners, or Deputies of his said Majesty, being furnished with sufficient authority; whether singly and separately, or collectively and jointly; and with them to agree, treat, consult, and negotiate of, and concerning all matters and causes of difference, subsisting between the United States and his said Majesty; whether the same respect the inexecution or infraction of the Armistice declaring a cessation of hostilities between the United States of America and his Britannic Majesty, at Versailles on the 20th day of January 1783, or the definitive Treaty of Peace made between the United States and his said Majesty, on the third day of September 1783, or the instructions of his said Majesty to his Ships of War and Privateers, of whatsoever date, but especially on the 8th of June 1793, the 6th of November 1793, and the 8th of January 1794; or restitution or compensation in the cases of capture or seizure, made of the Property of the Citizens of the United States, by the said Ships of War and Privateers; or retribution for the injuries received therefrom by any Citizen of the United States. And also of and concerning the general Commerce between the United States and the Kingdoms and Dominions of his Britannic Majesty, wheresoever they may be, and to conclude and sign a Treaty or Treaties, Convention or Conventions touching the premises, transmitting the same to the President of the United States of America for his final ratification by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate of the United States.\n               In Testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the City of Philadelphia this Sixth day of May one thousand seven hundred and ninety four and of the Independence of the United States of America the Eighteenth.\n                  Go: WashingtonBy the President of United States\n                  Edm: RandolphSecretary of State", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0022", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 6 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n               Dear Sir,[Philadelphia] May 6th 1794.\n               In answering your note of yesterday, respecting the request of Mr Talleyrand de Perigord, I do not hesitate to declare that, I find it difficult to hit upon a line of conduct towards characters, under the description that Gentleman is\u2014Emigrants\u2014that is satisfactory to my own mind; or more properly, that is free from exception, by avoiding what might seem incivility on one hand, or unpleasant political consequences on the other.\n               I can perceive very clearly, that the consequence of receiving these characters into the public rooms will be, driving the French Minister from them. His visits are much less frequent than they were\u2014and an occurrance on tuesday last (which shall be mentioned when you call here) has left no doubt as to the cause.\n               A particular introduction of these characters (out of the usual course), would, I presume be more noticed than the reception of them in public. It has become expedient therefore, in my opinion, that principles should be adopted in these cases (not only for the conduct of the President, but the Executive Officers also) by which evils may be avoided and uniformity observed.\n               What these had best be, deserves consideration.\n               My wish is, and it is not less my duty as an Officer of the Republic, to avoid offence to Powers with whom we are in friendship by conduct towards their proscribed citizens which would be disagreeable to them\u2014Whilst, at the same time, these emigrants, if people of good character, ought to understand that they will be protected in their persons & property and will be entitled to all the benefits of our laws\u2014for the rest, they must depend upon their own behaviour & the civilities of the citizens at large who are less restrained by political considerations than the Officers of Governmt must be. Yours always", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0023", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 6 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lear, Tobias\n               Your letter of the 26th of Jany with a Postscript of the 30th of the same month, by Captn Truxton, and another of the 12th of Feby by a Vessel to New York, I have safely received. But neither the one from Glasgow (with the box) nor the other by the Peggy, referred to in the above letters, are yet come to hand.\n               The Watch, and Portrait of the Earl of Buchan, were received in very good order. The first pleases, and for your attention to it Mrs Washington prays you to accept her thanks. The extra cost, together with the prices of the other articles from Glasgow & London, shall be paid so soon as I can find a person disposed to receive the amount; & this I shall know, probably, when I converse with Mr Dalton; who, I believe, is on a visit to the Federal City; as he proposed to set out for it on Monday last.\n               The reception you met with from the Earl of Buchan & Sir John Sinclair, gives me sincere pleasure, and I am glad to find they have introduced you to characters which may not only contribute to your present gratifications, but which, in the revolution of events, may be of service in a future walk of life; without a possible disservice, that results not from imprudence; against which your own good sense will always secure you.\n               I am much obliged to you for the several communications in your letters which have come to hand. I place great reliance on them. The opportunities you derive from mixing with people in different walks\u2014high & low\u2014of different descriptions\u2014and of different political sentiments, must have afforded you an extensive range for observation & comparison: more so, by far, than could fall to the lot of a stationary character, who is always revolving in a particular circle.\n               I am equally well pleased to hear that the concerns in which you are more immediately interested, are in as promising a train as the peculiarly disturbed state of matters in Europe would allow you to expect. I hope they will continue, and that your plans may be accomplished to the fullest extent of your wishes.\n               Mr Pearce, my present Manager at Mount Vernon, has been directed to send for your fruit Trees the moment he hears of the Peggy\u2019s arrival at George Town; and my Gardener is instructed to take particular care of them until they are otherwise disposed of by you; but as the Vessel had not arrived the 29th Ulto (when I heard from Mr Pearce) there is much reason to fear they will come too late, as a mild & placid March & pleasant April (except the first days of it) have caused a most luxurient vegitation this Spring, with us, from North to South.\n               Not knowing where you may be, when this letter shall have reached London\u2014nor the hazard it might run in following you if you should have left that metropolis\u2014I shall do little more than touch political Subjects. To tell you that the order of his Britannic Majesty in Council of the 8th of June last, respecting Neutral vessels had given much discontent to the United States\u2014and, that that of the 6th of November, & its results, had thrown them into a flame, will hardly be News to you when you shall have received this letter. The subsequent order of the 8th of Januy has, in a degree, allayed the violence of the heat; but will by no means satisfy them without reparation for the Spoliations of our Trade\u2014& the injuries we sustain from the non-performance of the Treaty of Peace.\n               To effect these, if possible by temperate means, by fair, & firm negotiation, an Envoy extraordinary is appointed, and will, I expect, Sail in a few days. Mr Jay is chosen for this mission. Mr John Trumbell goes as his private Secretary.\n               Many measures have been moved in Congress in consequence of the aforementioned orders of the British Cabinet. Some have passed into Acts, and others are yet pending. Those which have become Laws are; one for fortifying our principal Sea ports (which is now in vigorous execution) and another for raising an additional Corps of 800 Artillery men for the defence of them, & for other purposes.  The Bills which are pending, are to complete our present Military establishment. To raise an Army of 25,000 men in addition thereto. and to Organise\u2014put\n                  in training\u2014and to hold in readiness at a minute\u2019s warning, a select Corps of 80,000 Militia. Of the passing of the first & last of these, no doubt seems to be entertained on either side of the House; but those who are fearful of what they call a standing Army, will give all the opposition they can to the other. The result therefore none will predict in the present stage of the business.\n               Besides these, a Bill passed the House of Representatives by a large Majority, founded on the following preamble, & resolution. \"Whereas, the injuries which have been suffered, and may be suffered by the United States, from violations committed by Great Britain, on their neutral rights & commercial interests, as well as from her failure to execute the seventh article of the treaty of peace, render it expedient for the interests of the United States, that the commercial intercourse between the two Countries should not continue to be carried on in the extent at present allowed:\n               \"Resolved, That from and after the first day of November next, all commercial intercourse between the Citizens of the United States, and the subjects of the King of Great Britain, or the citizens or subjects of any other nation, so far as the same respects articles of the growth or manufacture of G: Britain or Ireland, shall be prohibited.\"\n               This measure was arrested in the Senate, at the third reading, by the casting vote of the Vice-President; not, as it is said, and generally believed, from a disinclination to the ulterior expediency of the measure, but from a desire to try the effect of Negotiation previous thereto.\n               Sequestration of British property (not including that in the funds) and other expedients of a similar kind, have been agitated in the House of Representatives, but Seems, I think, to be talked off the Stage.\n               The Packet from Mr Bartraud to Mr Jefferson was forwarded by the first Post after it reached my hands.  Mr Jefferson resigned the Office of Secretary of State the first of January, & was succeeded by the late Attorney General Mr Randolph; whose place of Attorney General is filled by Judge Bradford, of this State (Pennsyla).\n               Enclosed I give you the trouble of receiving the copy of a letter which I wrote to Mr Arthur Young, by Mr Willm Morris, on the 12th of december last. At the time that letter was written I had no\n                  knowledge of Mr Youngs late appointment, as Secretary of the National board of Agriculture, nor of the change of his political sentiments.  It is not improbable but that he has, already, or will, make you acquainted with the purport of the above letter. Be this however, as it may, my inducement to send you a copy of it, is, that if the case should be otherwise\u2014if there appears to be any repugnance on his part to comply with my wishes\u2014and a fair occasion should occur of mentioning the matter in the course of your perigrinations through England, Scotland or elsewhere, and you see no impropriety from circumstances, or your view of the subject at the moment, I should be glad if you were to do it. My wish further is, to dispose of the lands I have had restored to me by Mr De Barth; and in short my settled lands in the Western parts of this State, in the Counties of Fayette & Washington. I have raised the price of my lands on the Ohio & great Kanhawa to twenty shillings Virga currency pr Acre; the tract in Fayette (about 1700 Acres) to forty, and that in Washington to thirty shillgs pr Acre, Pennsylvania Curry\u20143,000 Acres.\n               I have no scruple to disclose to you, that my motives to these sales (as hath been, in part, expressed to Mr Young) are to reduce my income, be it more or less, to specialties; that the remainder of my days may, thereby, be more tranquil & freer from cares; and that I may be enabled (knowing precisely what my dependence is) to do as much good with it as the resource will admit\u2014for although, in the estimation of the world I possess a good, & clear estate; yet, so unproductive is it, that I am oftentimes ashamed to refuse aids which I cannot afford, unless I was to sell part of it, to answer the purpose.\n               You are so well acquainted with the situation, and quality of the lands which are herementioned, for Sale, that it is almost unnecessary to go more into detail respecting them, with you. Those however on the Ohio, between the mouths of the little and Great Kanhawa, are in three tracts\u2014the first containing 2314 Acres, laying on the Banks of the River, abt 12 Miles below Mariatte\u2014the 2d 2448. Acres, still lower down (being the 4th large bottom on the East side of the River)\u2014and the 3d, on the same side, opposite to the Great Bend in the River, containing 4395 Acres; all of which are of the first quality.  The Lands on the Great Kanhawa are in no respect inferior. They are contained in four Patents; the first, beginning within two miles of\n                  the mouth of that river, & contains 10,990 Acres of the richest bottom; stretching 17 or 18 Miles along the river. The next of 7276 Acres is a little above the last, on the opposite side of the River; and the other two are still higher up, at the Mouth of, & on Coal River; both are of the first quality; containing together about 5,000 Acres.\n               Although it is my wish to convert these lands into Cash on the terms, and for the purposes mentioned\u2014yet, for reasons which will readily occur to you, I would not hawk them about as some do; if they were never to be sold.\n               I wish most sincerely that some inducement could be offered Professor Anderson which would bring him to this Country. His labours are certainly ingenious, & worthy of encouragement; but I fear it will not be in my power to avail these states of them. His communications however, are under consideration.\n               Often through the medium of Mr Langdon, we hear of your Son Lincoln, & with pleasure that he continues to be the healthy & sprightly child he formerly was. He declared if his Ticket should turn up a prize, he would go and live in the Federal City. He did not consider, poor little fellow, that some of the prizes would hardly build him a Baby house, nor foresee that one of these small tickets would be his lot. Having drawn no more than ten dollars.\n               Mr Bl\u2014\u2014ts Agency in this lottery will, it is feared, be more productive of thorns than roses; the matter is not yet wound up\u2014& the Commissioners appear to be uneasy. In all other respects, matters as far as the acct of them have come to my knowledge, are going on well.\n               My public avocations will not, at any rate, admit of more than a flying trip to Mount Vernon for a few days, this Summer: this not suiting Mrs Washington, I have taken a house in German town to avoid the heat of this City in the months of July & August\u2014She, Nelly & the rest of the family, unite with me in every good wish for your health, prosperity and safe return; than whom none, you may be assured, offers them with more sincerity. With Affection & regard I am and always shall be\u2014Yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0025", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 6 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The secretaries of the treasury and war department being of opinion, that it is constitutional and expedient to impower\n                  Mr Jay to conclude a treaty of commerce with Great Britain, the powers are drawn, conformably with these ideas.\n               But as they entertain sentiments, different from mine, and have committed them to paper, permit me to assign a few of the most operative reasons on my mind.\n               1. To permit such a treaty to be signed by Mr Jay, and transmitted for ratification, is to abridge the power of the senate to judge of its merits. For according to the rules of good faith, a treaty, which is stipulated to be ratified, ought to be so, unless the conduct of the minister be disavowed and punished.\n               2. If he be permitted to sign a treaty of commerce, No form of expression can be devised to be inserted in it, which will not be tantamount to a stipulation to ratify, or leave the matter as much at large, as if he had no such power.\n               3. Tho\u2019 I believe, that the people of the U.S. desire a proper treaty of commerce with G. Britain; and we could enumerate so many articles, as to insure their approbation; yet am I persuaded, that no man can undertake to say, that they would be contented with one or two articles only; as is proposed by the gentlemen.  I have the honor sir, to be, with the most respectful attachment yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0026", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Jacob Ulrich Rivardi, 6 May 1794\nFrom: Rivardi, John Jacob Ulrich\nTo: Washington, George\n               I take the liberty for the first time to address your Excellency concerning the difficulties which I meet in the performance of the Task, you did me the honor to entrust me with. I found in Baltimore the situation so advantageous, the soil so proper for fortification, & the zeal of the Inhabitants so favorable to my purpose, that after having given the necessary plans, I left the place with strong hopes that the works should be executed for the sums allowed by Government for that purpose.\n               At my arrival here, I found an extensive Coast requiring multiplied points of defence, a soil loose, without the least adhesive quality, the people tho\u2019 disposed to assist with all their power, much less numerous than at Baltimore, and I compared with great concern the sums allowed for the latter place and Norfolk.\n               I tried the ground & found it is unavoidable to support it with an interior revetement of bricks or fascines. I should prefer the first as durable, particularly as the thickness of the ground before it will prevent any ball from penetrating deep enough to endanger the soldiers fighting behind. twelve hundred dollars would very likely be sufficient to obtain that end.\n               Were it on a business in which the safety of the Country & my honor should not be interested, I should say that it is possible to regulate the works according to the given means, but in the present case I should highly blame myself if any thing was left undone, so as to afford an excuse for a bad defence hereafter, or an occasion to accuse me of ignorance or neglect.\n               Since my arrival, public money has been expended only for the purchasing of materials & tools, the labour being done almost entirely by the Public. Governor Lee\u2019s exertions & indefatigability have removed almost every obstacle which I undoubtedly should have experienced had he not been here as soon as myself. I crave your Excellency\u2019s consideration on that subject & can assure, that nothing shall be done but what will be strictly necessary.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0027", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Godfried Wachsmuth et al., 6 May 1794\nFrom: Wachsmuth, John Godfried\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Petition of John G. Wachsmuth, Ambrose vasse, Thomas Horton & James Vanuxem Citizens of the united states.\n               Your Petitioners begs leave to represent to your Excellency, the hardships they labour under by the different losses they met with, by the Captures of the following vessels and Cargoes taken & Carried by the British Cruisers to the Island of Jamaica, to wit\n               The Cargo of Brig Lidia Rinker master Condemned.\n               \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0do of Schooner Mary, Hussey Libelled\n               Shippement in Money by ship sampson Barney Master, Libelled\n               The Cargo of Brig Nancy Clement master Condemned\u2014\n               \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0do of schooner Industry E. William Libelled.\n               The Brig Harmony & Cargo, James Dumphy master Libelled\n               The schooner Robbin & Cargo Brouck master Libelled.\n               The Cargo of Ship Rising sun, Wilkey master Libelled.\n               To obtain redress from these unjust proceedings your Petitioners proposes to fit out a Pilot boat to be send to Jamaica for the sole purpose to Carry the necessary Certificates of thier Citizenship, the want of which was the only reason assigned by\n                  the Judge of the vice admiralty for Condemning the Cargoes above mentioned.\n               They therefore humbly pray to have permission that such vessel might be fitted out & proceed to the Intended Voyage and your Petitioners will Enter into Such Bonds & Conditions as will be required from them, in the Premisses.\n                  John Godfd Wachsmuth", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0029", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 7 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to submit to you, the substance of the intelligence I have been able to obtain, relatively to the designs of certain people in Kentucky, and also in Georgia.  I am, Most respectfully, Sir. Your obedient Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0032", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 8 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to submit, a letter just received, from Constant Freeman, dated the 18th of April 1794, by which it appears that the information respecting the expedition from Georgia, against the Floridas, is confirmed.\n               I have also the honor to enclose a letter from the Governor of Georgia of the 23d ultimo.  I am sir, Most respectfully, Your obedient Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0033", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Mease, 8 May 1794\nFrom: Mease, James\nTo: Washington, George\n               I take the liberty of presenting you with a copy of the London edition of my essay, on the disease produced by the bite of a maddog, which I have lately received.\n               I have to apologise for neglecting to offer it to you in its original form of an inaugural dissertation; but a sense of its imperfections, not forgetfullness was the cause of the delay; & had it not been for the present additions, it might probably have still been concealed from you.  Be pleased however to accept it such as it is; and that you may long remain the first man among a free people, is the Sincere wish & prayer of Sir, your most obedient & Very humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0036", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John H. De Wolff, 8 May 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: De Wolff, John H.\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from John H. De Wolff, 8 May 1794. An entry of 15 May in GW\u2019s journal of proceedings of the presidency reads: \"Received a letter from Jno. H. De Wolff 8th. May 94. solicitg. military appointment. Referred to the Secretary of war\" (JPPDorothy Twohig, ed. The Journal of the Proceedings of the President, 1793\u20131797. Charlottesville, Va., 1981., 303). No record of any appointment for De Wolff has been identified.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0037", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 9 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The enclosed letter from Mr Hammond of the 6th instant was transmitted to me by the Secretary of State with a request that after satisfying myself of the step proper to be taken, I would communicate it to you & notify your determination to Mr Hammond.\n               The copy herewith sent of a letter from Mr Rawle, exhibits the facts, which appear in the case; and reasoning from them, the conclusion is, that the proceeding complained of is as wanton & unprovoked as it is illegal & disorderly. There is no doubt, that justice to the parties concerned, the maintenance of the Laws\n                  and the discouragement of a practice, which attempts an usurpation of the functions of Government and goes in subversion of all order, requires that steps should be seriously taken to bring the offenders to justice.\n               It is the opinion of the Attorney of the District, that the case is not of the cognizance of the Federal Judiciary. Hence it becomes necessary, that it should be referred to the authority of the State. But it appears to be proper, under the special circumstances, that a letter should be written on the part of the President to the Governor of Pennsylvania communicating the case & the complaint of the minister, & calling upon him in earnest terms to cause the proper legal steps to be taken to bring the offenders to Justice, and thereby give security to the parties and repress so exceptionable & disorderly a spirit.\n               With regard to the restoration of the Vessel, in the condition in which she was preceding the trespass, it is not perceived that the nature of the case requires the extraordinary interposition of the Government for that purpose, and the precedent might be an embarrassing one. The vessel is one belonging to Citizens of the United States, employed indeed as is now stated by a british consul, but for the personal accommodation of certain subjects of Great Britain, that is, to convey them to their own Country, nor for a purpose properly governmental. It is not perceived, that this situation sufficiently distinguishes her case from the common one of a Vessel suffering injury by the trespass of unauthorised & lawless individuals, for the redress of which, including indemnification, the ordinary course of law is competent. It is not understood that there exists any impediment to the repossession of the Vessel by her Commander.\n               If these ideas are approved by the President, it will remain to direct the proper communications to the Governor & to the british minister.  With perfect respect &c.\n                  Alexander Hamilton\n                  P.S. I will have the honor of waiting on the President between 12 & one o\u2019Clock to know if he has any further commands on the subject.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0038-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Jacob Morgan, 9 May 1794\nFrom: Morgan, Jacob\nTo: Washington, George\n                  In compliance with the request of my Fellow-Citizens, I have the honor to lay before you, a Copy of the Resolutions which were yesterday unanimously adopted, at their General Meeting, to express their sense relative to the, pro[po]sition depending in Congress, for imposing an Excise upon certain Domestic Manufactures.  I am, Sir, Your Most Obed. Hble servt\n                     Jacob Morgan Chairman", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0038-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Resolutions from Philadelphia Manufacturers, 8 May 1794\nFrom: \nTo: \n                  At a General & numerous Meeting of the Manufacturers of the City of Philadelphia and such other Citizens as reprobate the imposition of an Excise upon the Infant Manufactures of America held in the State House Yard on Thursday the eighth Day of May One thousand seven hundred and Ninety four\n                     Jacob Morgan Chairman\n                     Isaac Penington Secretary\n                     the following Resolutions, together with the Preamble were proposed & unanimously adopted.\n                     Whereas it is the inalienable Right, and bounden duty of all Freemen, vigilantly to observe the operations of Government, publicly to declare their Sentiments on its Measures, and peaceably to remonstrate against every encroachment, upon the Liberties and Interests of the People: And Whereas the imposition of an Excise upon Certain Domestic Manufactures of the United States as Contemplated by the House of Representatives of Congress, appears manifestly to this Meeting to be at once, unjust impolitic, oppressive, dangerous, and unnecessary: In Order, therefore, to testify the sense of the Citizens, and particularly of the Manufacturers of Philadelphia upon the important occasion, as well as to warn the Legislature of the Union against the Introduction of a precedent, so odious and so pernicious; It is\n                     Resolved, That the Manufactures of the United States, however fostered by the Skill, industry and wealth of individuals, remain in a state of infancy; and rather demand the patronage, than justify the exactions of Government. The spirit of Enterprise, which led the Citizens of America into a patriotic Competition with the Manufacturers of Europe, is still depressed and struggling, amidst the embarrassments of the unequal Contest. The prejudices in favor of foreign manufactures; the inexperience of domestic workmen; the high price of labour; and the inadequate amount of Capitals; are obstacles yet to be surmounted in almost every branch of American manufacture. The Charge and difficulty of introducing domestic Manufactories may, indeed, be exemplified in the recent attempt at the Town of Patterson; where notwithstanding the magnitude of the original Fund; the\n                        auxiliary of a Lottery; and the patronage of States and Statesmen; the projected institution of national manufactories has sunk, even before its foundation was Compleat.  To demand, therefore, a partial Contribution from individuals, who have thus embarked, and are thus Contending, in an arduous and patriotic Task, is obviously unjust and may be fatal.\n                     Resolved That it is the Policy of the United States to multiply and encourage domestic Manufactures; but the attempt to render them subjects of the Revenue, at this early period of their existence, is Calculated to prevent the introduction of any future, and to undermine the prosperity of every present, Establishment. If to the Embarrassments which already attend the Institution of a Manufactory the apprehensions of a Tax equal to 50. or 20 per Cent upon its produce (as is proposed in the Cases of Snuff and Sugar) shall be added, few individuals (and on the exertions of individuals America must after all rely for her manufactures) Can be so oppulent, none will be so daring, as to Continue or to Commence the Experiment.  A permanent Source of national Wealth will thus be destroyed, by a rash and avaricious Anticipation of its Emoluments.\n                     Resolved That independent of the injustice and impolicy of imposing any Tax upon the Infant Manufactories of America the nature of the Tax which is proposed demands a firm opposition to the measure. The Introduction of an Excise-system into the Administration of a free Government Cannot be too strongly reprobated, nor too resolutely opposed. In every Country in which it is known it has eventually been fatal: It has depraved, oppressed and enslaved the People, while it exalted their Rulers by the rigour of its dispensations, and the insolence of its Officers\u2014it is the foul and poisonous Source from which flow, Collusion, fraud and perjury: it Cannot be imposed without Tyranny\u2014nor be endured without Baseness.\n                     Resolved That if an Excise, at all times oppressive and dangerous might however be vindicated by necessity, even that Plea does not now exist. The Federal Wants are not so great that they Can only be supplied by the exertion of every possible resource: and the terrors of War, under whose influence the Excise was proposed have happily vanished.\n                     Resolved That the Manufacturers of the City of Philadelphia should and Chearfully will, Contribute in just and equal\n                        proportions with their Fellow Citizens to the support of Government, its Dignity & Credit: but they solemnly protest against every attempt to impose heavier burthens upon their labour or more arbitrary Regulations upon their Occupations than on the labour and Occupations of the rest of the Community.\n                     Resolved That if during the present Session, a Law shall be enacted by Congress, imposing an Excise upon any Domestic Manufactures the Manufacturers of the City of Philadelphia, will assemble at the State House (on the Notification of the Chairman) to take into Consideration what measures ought to be pursued to express their Sympathy for their oppressed Brethern; and with a due respect for their Obligations as Citizens, to demonstrate their abhorrence of so unjust, so impolitic and so pernicious a precedent.\n                     Resolved That the foregoing Resolutions be signed by the Chairman; and Copies thereof be forthwith transmitted to the President of the United States, to the Speaker of the Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Congress.\n                     Jacob Morgan Chairman", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0039", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 9 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n                  Gentlemen of the Senate.\n               I nominate the following persons for promotions and appointments in the legion of the United States.\n                     vice Rudulph resigned.\n                     vice Bowyer resigned.\n                     Solomon Van Rensselaer\n                     vice Winston promoted.\n                     vice Lee cashiered.\n                     vice Fleming promoted.\n                     vice Van Rensselaer do\n                     vice McLane resigned.\n                     vice Armstrong intitled to promotion & resigned.\n                     vice Pratt resigned.\n                     Hamilton Armstrong\n                     to fill the vacancy left for John Morgan in case of acquittal but who was dismissed by\n                            sentence of a Genl Court Martial\n                     vice Clay promoted.\n                     vice Britt promoted.\n                     vice Bond resigned\n                     vice Armstrong promoted\n                     vice Cushing promoted\n                     Daniel Tilton Junr\n                     vice Shaylor ditto.\n                     vice Tillinghastintitled to promotion & resigned.\n                     Theodore Sedgwick\n                     vice McDonnough cashiered\n                     intitled from 24th October vice Bird resigned\n                            intitled to promotion from 28. February 1793 vice Roberts promoted.\n                     vice Haskell promoted\n                     Isaac Younghusband\n                     vice Tillinghastintitled to promotion & resigned\n                     vice Bird intitled to promotion and resigned\n                     vice Andrews promoted.\n                     vice Tilton promoted.\n                     the oldest ensigns in thethe respective sub Legionstaken to supply thedeficiency of Lieutenantsin this Sub Legion\n                     vice John Smithintitled to promotion & resigned\n                     Richard Brooke Roberts\n                     vice Bedinger resigned\n                     vice Gaither promoted\n                     vice Kerr resigned.\n                     vice Faulkner resigned\n                     vice Cummins cashiered\n                     vice William Smithcashiered\n                     vice Read promoted\n                     vice Rickard promoted\n                     vice Tinsley ditto\n                     Hartman Leitheiser\n                     vice Huston deceased.\n                     Jonathan Haskell\n                     vice Ballard Smithdeceased\n                     vice Buchanan resigned\n                     vice Thompson promoted\n                     vice Jennifer dismissed\n                     vice Bines promoted.\n                     vice Glenn resigned\n                            and resignations occasion a vacancy of Three Cornets, One Lieutenant of Artillery and\n                            thirty seven Ensigns\u2014to fill which the following nominations are made. the arrangement to\n                            the several Sub Legions will take place after advices shall be received of the acceptances\n                     Matthias Slough Junr\n                     Lieutenant of Artillery\n                     Frederick Dalcho\n                     William Dangerfield to take Rank from 1. May 1793 acting as Ensign w. Genl Wayne\n                     serving as Volunteers with Major\n                     Jonathan Jackson\n                     Ephraim Carpenter\n                     James Richmond Junr\n                     Nicholas Rosencrantz\n                     Robert Semple Junr\n                     Abraham Faulkner Junr\n                     William Smallwood Grayson\n                     William McCarrell\n                     North Western Territory\n                     Peter Frothingham\n                     South Western Territory", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0040", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 10 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               In consequence of information from the Secretary of the Treasury, the enclosed letter has been drafted to the Governor for your consideration relatively to the application of the British Minister.\n               I also submit some papers from Mr Dallas relative to the proposed establishment at Presque Isle. The Secretary of the Treasury and myself concur in submitting to you the enclosed as a proper answer.\n               I have further to submit a letter from General Chapin indicating the good disposition of the Six Nations.  I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0041", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Robert R. Livingston, 10 May 1794\nFrom: Livingston, Robert R.\nTo: Washington, George\n               Your letter of the 29th Apl with which I was honoured having reached ClerMont the day I left it for this place It was not in my\n                  power to return an earlier answer consistant with the deliberation which its importance merrited.\n               Tho nothing could be more flattering to me than to be the means under your favourable auspices & instructions of cementing the union between France & America countries equaly interested in each others felicity & upon whose prosperity or ruin must in some sort depend the extension or abolition of freedom in the civilized world\u2014Yet having long since had reason to suppose that I shd not soon be called to any public employment out of this State I cannot make immediate arrangments for a permanent residence abroad & am therefore compelled to decline the honor of the nomination which you are pleased to offer to make in my behalf\u2014Permit me however sir to assure you that I have recd this mark of your attention with infinite sensibility since it affords me a convincing proof that my enemies have been less succesful than they imagined in depriving me of your favorable opinion which I always have & always shall esstimate far above the honours & emoluments of office.  I have the honor to be Dear Sir with the most respectful attatchment & the highest esteem &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0042", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Lewis Nicolas, 10 May 1794\nFrom: Nicolas, Lewis\nTo: Washington, George\n               Informed by Genl Knox that your Excellency has been so kind as to remember my son James, in a nomination of officers, gratitude requires acknowledgement on my part, which I request you will accept in this manner, as the only reason which prevents my personally paying me respe[c]ts is an apprehension is, that, in the multiplicity of your avocations, I might intrude at an unseasonable time, I flatter myself therefore that you will accept my grateful acknowledgment, thus transmitted, & permit me to assure your Excellency that I am with unfeigned respect Sr Your most obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0043", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 10 May 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n               On the 5th inst: I received by the hands of Mr Martinon the engineer appointed to erect the forts in this State the Sec: of Wars letter of the 14 Apl.  I have advised Mr Martinon to proceed immediately to Occacock and make the necessary surveys to enable him to form a judgement of the proper place on which to erect the fort. that by the time he had done that drawn his plans and made his estimates I would endeavour to employ a proper person to superintend the actual execution of the works under his directions & agreably to the plans he shall draw. He can then proceed to Wilmington fix on the proper place there compleat his drawing and make out his estimates and as there will be a superintendant at each place he need not stay soley at one but occasionally attend to both.\n               As the Secretary of war has not mentioned the compensation that will be given to the person whom I am authorized to appoint\n                  to superintend the actual execution of the works at Occacock & at Cape Fear River it will in a great measure prevent the appointment from taking place, as no person who is qualified for that business will accept it upon an uncertainty of what they are to receive for their services. It is to be observed that the situation of Occacock is so far from Where such persons can be had and separated by a broad sound, that no person who will undertake it, can for the time he is employed attend to any other business therefore it will in a considerable degree depend upon the compensation given by the United States\u2014Whether a proper person can be obtained or not.\n               The Secretary of war in his letter of the 14 April requests that I will appoint some suitable persons to mount the cannon belonging to the State at the expence of the United States. I suppose the manner in which the cannon will be mounted depends upon the plan which Mr Martinon will adopt for the forts that is to say whether they are to have embrasures or to fire in barbette, In all events I expect they must be mounted under his directions and agreably to such plan as he will think the best adapted to the fortifications they are to be placed in.\n               I shall be glad to be informed with whom the persons that I may appoint to mount the cannon are to make their contract & by whom they are to be paid agreably to the contract when it shall be executed by them.\n               On the 8th inst: I received the secretary of wars letter of the 24 April enclosing a copy of an Invoice of Ordnance and Stores forwarded to Wilmington.  I am &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0044", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 11 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               The Weekly reports enclosed in your letter of the 6th instant, have been duly received.\n               By the first Vessel bound to Alexandria from hence, I will send Papers for the two lower Rooms in my house in that place; but if it has been newly plastered, as would appear to be the case (in part at least) by Green\u2019s acct it ought not to be put on until it is thoroughly dry; or the Paper will be lost.\n               The Sheriffs & Clerks notes are returned, and must be paid.  Two of them however belong properly to Mrs F. Washington; and some of the rest not more to me than others; but I find it is a uniform practice to saddle me with the whole expence of suits wherein I am only a part concerned as Trustee, Attorney &ca.\n               It has often been in my mind, & I have as often forgot it, when I was writing to you, to request that you would look forward to, & so arrange matters as not to suffer the Hay & Grain Harvests to interfere; or either to suffer for want of being cut in time. For want of a little foresight of this kind, I have, hitherto, had one or the other, & oftentimes both, suffer by not being cut in due season; especially the Hay, which has often been spoiled by letting it stand until the Grain Harvest is entirely finished: whereas, if the forward grass was cut before, the latter grass might remain without much, if any injury, until the Grain was secured. I am a great friend to cutting Grain soon, & I request it may be the\n                  practice this year. When it is cut early, it must not be stacked, or even put into large shocks, until the straw is a little cured. But the grain is better for it, & loss by shattering, or beating rains the latter part of Harvest, not half as great.\n               Be very attentive to the drilled Wheat. Get it out as soon as possible after harvest; and secure it in the Seed loft at Mansion house; without making any previous mention of the intention: otherwise there will be pilfering; and a disposition of it, of which you may hav<e> no notice. It cost me 10/ pr Bushl besides the stage price of transportation from Fredericksburgh to Mount Vernon.\n               I approve of your sowing the first lot in the Mill Swamp (or more properly the second, as there is one between it and the Mill) with Buck Wheat & Timothy; and should be extremely glad if the one above (now in Corn) cou\u2019d be got in order for grass also. Leave no unreclaimed\u2014nor if possible any uncultivated spots in those lots; for they are not only eyesores in meadows, but are of real detriment; as they are continually eating into, & fouling other parts of the ground. Quite down to the water\u2019s edge, and quite up to the fences therefore, ought always to be perfectly cleared.\n               I fear, from your complaint of bad pastures, that the weather has not been seasonable with you. This question I have asked in some of my late letters, but no other answer has been given than what appears by the Meteorological account of it; and that conveys no precise ideas of the state, or condition in which the fields are, for moisture; as good rains, heavy rains, slight rains, and rains of every other sort, go under this general description in the Report. If the Pastures are bad, I wish I may not hear also, that your Oats & Buck Wheat put on but an indifferent appearance.\n               I hope you have made all the overseers produce the Wool of the Sheep which have died on the farms under their respective manangements; the qty from the number of Sheep, which have been lost, ought to be pretty considerable. I wish you well, and am Your friend,\n                  P.S. Does the Corn come up well, and stand well? and how does the Oats Buck Wheat and Clover come on?\n                  I do not recollect whether that part of the ground in the lower Meadow lot, at the Mill which lays between the old bed of the run & the race has ever been prepared for Grass. It ought to have been, to compleat the lot.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0045", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 11 May 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 11 May 1794. On 18 May, GW wrote Pearce: \"I am sorry to find by your letter of the 11th Instt that the Crops & every thing else were suffering from a drought.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0046", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 12 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President & sends the enclosed for his decision\u2014submitting his opinion that it is not adviseable to grant the permission requested. This case is not precisely within the rule already adopted as a general one.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0049", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 12 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n                  Gentlemen of the Senate.\n               I nominate the following persons for appointments upon the staff of the Legion of the United States.\n                     Adjutant and Inspector\n                     vice Rudulph resigned\n                     vice Hurt resigned.\n                     vice Clayton resigned\n                     Samuel Hanson Marlowe\n                     vice Boyd deceased\n                     vice Hutchins resigned.\n                     vice Dalcho nominated as Lieutenant of Artillery", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0051", "content": "Title: Cabinet Opinion, 13 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Randolph, Edmund,Bradford, William,Knox, Henry\nTo: \n               At a meeting of the heads of the departments and the attorney General, at the house of the President, of the United States, the subject of affording an auxiliary force to Major General Wayne for the purpose of enabling him to make a vigorous and\n                  offensive campaign against the hostile Indians being considered, it is advised, that he be authorised, to call for two thousand mounted volunteers from Kentucky, for the period of four months, if he should judge the measure expedient.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0052", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Walter Stewart et al., 13 May 1794\nFrom: Stewart, Walter\nTo: Washington, George\n               To George Washington, President of the United States\n               The Memorial of the Subscribers, being a Committee appointed by numerous Citizens of the United States holding Claims against the French Republic\u2014\n               Respectfully Sheweth\n               That in the prosecution of their Commerce to the Islands of the West Indies the Citizens of the United States have at various periods during the two preceeding years past, sold and delivered to the Government of the French Republic at the Ports of St Domingo and its other Colonies, large supplies of Provisions and merchandize for which payment has not been made according to the terms stipulated: that in many instances the Owners and factors of Cargoes have made voluntary sales to the said Government, and in others have been compelled to make them; but in all, the prices and payments have been agreed on to be made in produce of the Islands, or in specie; that in some Cases these payments have been partially complied with, in others wholly evaded, and the persons to whom they were due compelled to receive at the pleasure of Government, Bills on France, or on the Minister of the Republic here; Orders on the Colonial treasurers; Mandates on private Citizens; or other Instruments of\n                  writing which tho they serve to testify their claims, are ineffectual to obtain payment of them; since the Bills on France cannot be negociated here, those on the Minister are not accepted, and the derangement of Government in the West Indies renders application there of no avail; added to this, many Citizens were unable to obtain written documents for the produce they delivered, owing to the disturbances subsisting at the time of delivery, particularly during the conflagration at Cape Francois, and others had their property either pillaged or burned at the time, by all which means your memorialists find themselves and their fellow Citizens possessing large claims, which tho under different forms, are all founded on the unequivocal delivery of property for the use of the French Republic, or on losses sustained by its opperations.\n               Your Memorialists have made repeated applications to the Minister of the French Republic in the United States, but find their Powers unadequate to their relief, and they are now referred to the Legislative Assembly of France as the only power competent to satisfy their claims; the difficulty of transmitting them, and the delay which will attend it, renders this expedient a ruinous one to some, and an inconvenient one to all, and your memorialists cannot but hope that while so large a debt is due from the United States to France the Government of the former may adopt some mode for the relief of its own Citizens, they are therefore encouraged to lay the premises before the President of the United States, and to sollicit that he will be pleased to point out some mode for the adjustment of their claim, in America, or if recourse must be had to France, such as he may think most effectual there. And your Memorialists.\n                  Walter Stewart\n                  David H. Conyngham", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0053", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Charles Carter, Jr., of Culpeper, 14 May 1794\nFrom: Carter, Charles Jr.\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have examined the records in the clerk\u2019s office of this County & have found a deed from Colo. F. Lewis to you conveying two Lotts, No. 111 & 113 which Lotts were again convey\u2019d in 1784 to Mr Jas Mercer by John Lewis as heir at Law & executor of Fielding Lewis Decd\u2014The above Numbers do not point to the Lotts purchased from you by me & I cannot find any mention of them upon the books of this office\u2014These circumstances induce a belief that Colo: Lewis made a mistake in the number of the Lotts conveyd to you & that the Lotts No. 107 & 108, upon which the houses lately occupied by yr mother stand, have not been convey\u2019d to any person.  from this view of the business I think it would be well to apply directly to Mr John Lewis for a deed, who knowing that the right is in you, could have no objection to executing one to any person you may appoint\u2014Mrs Carter desires me to express her gratitude for yr handsome present communicated in Howells letter some time since\u2014Be pleasd also to acccept the acknowledgements of yr Most respectfull & Obedient servant\n                  Chas Carter Junr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0055", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 14 May 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n               I am honored with your favor of Apr. 24. and received at the same time mister Bertrand\u2019s agricultural Prospectus. tho\u2019 he mentions my having seen him at a particular place yet I remember nothing of it. and observing that he intimates an application for lands in America, I conceive his letter meant for me as Secretary of state, & therefore I now send it to the Secretary of state.  he has given only the heads of his demonstration, so that nothing can be conjectured of their details. Ld Kaims once proposed an essence of dung, one pint of which should manure an acre.  if he or mister Bertrand could have rendered it so portable I should have been one of those who would have been greatly obliged to them. I find on a more minute examination of my\n                  lands, than the short visits heretofore made to them permitted, that a 10. years abandonment of them to the unprincipled ravages of overseers, has brought on a degree of degradation far beyond what I had expected. as this obliges me to adopt a milder course of cropping, so I find that they have enabled me to do it by having opened a great deal of lands during my absence. I have therefore determined on a division of my farms into 6. fields to be put under this rotation. 1st year. Wheat. 2d corn, potatoes, peas. 3d rye or wheat according to circumstances. 4th & 5th clover where the fields will bring it, & buckwheat dressings where they will not. 6th folding, and buckwheat dressings. but it will take me from 3. to 6. years to get this plan under way. I am not yet satisfied that my acquisition of overseers from the head of Elk has been a happy one, or that much will be done this year towards rescuing my plantations from their wretched condition. time, patience & perseverance must be the remedy; and the maxim of your letter \u2019slow & sure\u2019 is not less a good one in agriculture than in politics. I sincerely wish it may extricate us from the event of a war, if this can be done saving our faith and our rights. my opinion of the British government is that nothing will force them to do justice but the loud voice of their people, & that this can never be excited but by distressing their commerce. but I cherish tranquility too much to suffer political things to enter my mind at all. I do not forget that I owe you a letter for mister Young.  but I am waiting to get full information. with every wish for your health & happiness & my most friendly respects for mistress Washington I have the honor to be Dear Sir your most obedt & most humble servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0056", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 14 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to submit to your consideration the draft of a letter to the Governor of Georgia modified according to the ideas suggested by the secretary of the treasury. It appears that the secretary of state is against the employment of regular troops, or of the Militia excepting in the cases pointed out by a law of Congress.  I have the honor to be with great respect Your humble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0057", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 14 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n               Please to submit the enclosed letter to the President of the U.S., which is conformable to the principles agreed upon by the heads of departments and the attorney General The secretary of state has agreed to the draft, but the secretary of the treasury has been too busy to peruse it. If the President should approve it, I beleive it may yet be put on board the active Capt. Welsh for charleston, with the other letters.  Yours sincerely", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0058", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 14 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The secretary of state has the honor of returning to the President the letters from Mr Morris and Mr Livingston A memorandum is taken for an inquiry to be made into the subject of the former; and it seems very plain, that Mr L\u2014\u2014n has left an opening to be asked again. If the President thinks proper to repeat his application, perhaps a good mode of introduction would be, to say to him, that it appears to be a principal objection with him, that he has not time enough to arrange his\n                  affairs; but that you would accommodate this, as far as the nature of the service will permit; and to request him to say, how mu<ch> time would be sufficient.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0059", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Treasury Department May 15th 1794\n               The Secretary of the Treasury has the honor to transmit herewith for the President\u2019s signature, the draft of a passport upon application from the French Minister, which is also enclosed.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0060", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to submit to your consideration the drafts of letters to General Wayne and the Governor of Kentuckey, and\n                  also a draft of the instructions for General Scott.  I have the honor to be with the highest respect Sir Your most obedt servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0061", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Robert R. Livingston, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Livingston, Robert R.\nTo: Washington, George\n               I was this day honored by your letter of yesterday, but not till after the southern mail had gone out. Flattered as I am by this new proof of your friendly attention I feel the utmost reluctance in not having it in my power to comply with what appears to be your wish upon this occasion, since I can not within any time which would consist with the public interest determine upon accepting a foreign mission without making more important sacrafices than your kindness for me wd permit you to exact. Permit me therefore Sir to decline the honor you intend me of which intention however I shall always retain the most grateful remembrance, as well as of the obliging manner in which you offer to accomodate it to my circumstances. I have the honor to be Dear Sir with the highest esteem & the Most respectful attatchment Your Most Obt hm: Servt\n                  Robt R. Livingston", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0062", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of State has the honor of submitting to the President the draft of a letter to the different foreign ministers, resident here; except Mr Hammond, to whose court Mr Jay is charged.  It is written with a view to quicken the redress of our suffering citizens, by saving the time, which a formal negotiation will require. If indeed a formal negotiation should at last be necessary; even that will probably be expedited by the proposed preliminary explanations.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0063", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               I do myself the honor of inclosing to you some very afflicting letters from M. de la Fayette to his intimate friends in Europe. They are accompanied by a letter from Tollendal, addressed to you, which shews the reason of their being sent.  Many of them are in French; and I will have them translated, if you should not think, that those, which are in English, and in the same unhappy strain, would distress, without adding any thing to the ability to relieve. If I do not mistake the hints from Mr Lacolombe, these letters are submitted to you, in order to interest you in making,\n                  or causing to be made, a demand of M. La Fayette, as a citizen of the United States. I presume, however, that the step, which you have already taken, will be found to be a satisfactory tribute of personal affection, and, altho\u2019 not more than public duty warranted, yet as much, as actual circumstances will permit.  I have the honor, sir, to be with the greatest respect yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0064", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of State begs the favor of the President to cast his eye over the inclosed draft of a letter, intended for Govr Sinclair, and Mr Sergeant respectively; and to signify his pleasure thereon.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0065", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Samuel Hitchcock, 16 May 1794\nFrom: Hitchcock, Samuel\nTo: Washington, George\n               Mr Morris has communicated to me his intentions of immediately resigning the office of Marshal of this District\u2014Should that be the case, I beg leave to suggest, that it would be very convenient for the Marshal to reside near lake Champlain, as the principle business of the district Court originates there\u2014I take the liberty to recommend Jabez G. Fitch as a suitable person to suceed Mr Morris\u2014he resides at Vergennes\u2014has some time served as Deputy Marshal\u2014should his appointment meet your approbation, I flatter myself he will discharge the duties of the Office with fidelity\u2014I have the honor to be, with the highest sentiments of esteem, your Excellencys obedt Sert\n                  Saml Hitchcock", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0066", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 16 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n               Please to submit, the enclosed draft of a letter to the respective Governors relatively to the law for drafting the eighty thousand Militia, to the President.  I am Sir Your humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0067", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Marinus Willett, 16 May 1794\nFrom: Willett, Marinus\nTo: Washington, George\n               Mr Joseph R. Yates the son of the Chief Justice of this State is desirous of entering into the New Corps of Artillerists directed to be raised\u2014From the abilities of this Young Gentleman, from his respectable connection and from other circumstances, I am of opinion there is not a young Gentleman in this state (who would accept the appointment) will raise a good company sooner or command it better then Mr Yates\u2014permit me therefore most respectfully to recommend him to your consideration. I have the honor to be Sir, With sentiments of the most exalted respect and esteem your most obedient and very humble servant\n                  Marinus Willett", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0068", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 17 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have not been unmindful of Mr Anderson\u2019s and Doctor Allan Pollocks propositions, of the importance of which I am favorably impressed\u2014the utter want of any provision for this subject has rendered an answer nugatory.  I have conversed with many members of Congress upon the affair: who have been of different opinions respecting the propriety of availing ourselves of the discoveries and the modes of defraying the expences. The result however upon the whole appears to be, that if the subject should receive an impulse from the President it would be highly probable that a resolve might be obtained of the purport of the one herein submitted\u2014If you should be pleased to approve of this mode and of the message also herein submitted the business might be brought before Congress on Monday Morning.  I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0070", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 17 May 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n                  N. Carolina New Bern 17th May 1794\n               Since I wrote you on the 10th inst: Mr Martinon having expressed a desire that the person who was to superintend the building of the fort at Occacock, should be appointed so as to be present at his surveys and the laying of his ground plan. I did on the 14 inst. appoint Mr Jno. Blanks to Superintend the actual execution of the works of the fort, agreable to the Secretary of wars letter of the 14 April as I could not tell him what pay he would receive he has accepted of the appointment on a presumption that the pay that will be allowed by the United States will be such as will be equal to his expences and a moderate compensation for his services.  I am with respect &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0073", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 18 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               I am sorry to find by your letter of the 11th Instt that the Crops & every thing else were suffering from a drought. yet, by the weekly report which accompanied the letter, it appears that rain had fallen the 6th, only five days before, but I suppose this must have been a slight one.\n               It is not only unlucky, but unaccountable, that the Oats should not have been received with the other things. Mr Dandridge says they were put on board at the sametime and are included in the Bill of lading with the other things. A strange fatality has accompanied them throughout: the delay in getting them to this City occasioned their missing a passage in due season; and if you have not recovered them before this, it would be throwing them away to put them in the ground now.\n               I send you four small papers of Seeds which have been sent me by a curious gentlemen in Europe. Whether they are sound & good, and are of any real utility, I know not; but let the Gardener pay particular attention to them; endeavouring to raise seed therefrom. He should set boards by them, with inscriptions thereon, similar to those which are written on the papers, containing the respective Seeds.\n               Whether you will depend upon the first, or second Crop of Clover for Seed, will be left to yourself; but I desire (if it be practicable) that of this\u2014of Buck Wheat\u2014Timothy\u2014and in short of every other Seed wch you may have occasion for next year, may be saved; as the cost of these things in the markets of this City falls too heavy upon me besides being bad very often. I also request you will be particularly careful in saving Seeds from the several kinds of Grass, which, from time to time, have been sown in (what is called) the Vineyard; & other places, for the purpose of experiments; or because they were given to me as curiosities, or for the real value of them. And I hope you have been, & will be attentive to such as I have sent you myself. Is that which I forwarded to you sometime ago (directing it to be sown in some part of one of the Meadows) come up well?  It was given to me for a grass of more value than Timothy. If so, all the seed that can, ought to be raised from it; the same of St foin; which my Gardener neglected last year until the seed was almost lost. If Cattle or Horses will eat the fancy grass either in its green state, or made into Hay, it certainly must be very valuable, as it grows rank, stands thick on the ground, does not require strong land, & will remain for ever on it. Save what seed you can from this\u2014some grows in the Vineyard Inclosure, & some I believe in the little Garden by the Salt House. Several other grasses, of valuable sorts, which had been given to me, were sown in this place & the Vineyard; but like most other things on my Estate,\n                  have been lost for want of attention, hitherto, but I hope your care will guard me against such neglects in future.\n               I presume you are well enough acquainted with Clover to know How it is to be managed; both for seed and Hay. Last year, none of the first (or very little) was saved; and of the latter, that is Hay, none was made good, and a great deal of it was entirely spoiled. It ought to be well cured before stacking, but not much stirred; especially in the Sun; or it will lose the leaf. Let there be a hollow in the middle of each stack (by way of ventulater) occasioned by Drawing a basket, or stuffed bag through the middle, whilst the stack is making.\n               As Crow has <no> Clover, with w<hich> he can Soil his work horses & Oxen, he m<ay> be supplied from Dogue run until his own lots are in a condition to furnish him; wch ought to be assisted as much as possible to hurry them forward.\n               If you have, or can procure Turnip Seed, it might be well to sow a good deal of it at all the Farms; as both Cattle and Sheep would derive benefit from them.\n               In what state of forwardness is the drilled Wheat, when compared with the common Wheat?  from the character & description of it, it ought to be ripe for cutting by the 8th or 10th of June. You will have been told\u2014or will have discovered, that there are two kinds of Wheat in drills, at the Union farm. one is a double headed sort, whether of much value, or not, I am unable to say; nor do I know whether it ripens sooner or later than the common kind. Take care of the Seeds of both, & cautiously guard against their mixing in the Seed loft. As there will not be much of the dble headed Wheat, it might be well (in order to prevent this) to put it into tight casks, & head it up securely. The early Wheat I set great value on, as it is an acquisition, in the farming line, of great magnitude in many points of view.\n               What have you done with the Plaster of Paris I sent from this City sometime ago?  I have not seen (that I recollect) any account of its being Spread. The hides of the dead cattle (though not good) should be Tanned by the old man Jack, who usually attends to this business; the leather may serve for inner Soals and repairing Shoes\u2014and something ought also to be done with the skins of the Sheep wch have died.\n               Mulatto Will should be kept close to making Shoes, that they may be in readiness by the time they are wanted. He is slow,\n                  and sickness, or other interruption may throw this business behind.\n               I presume the lot in Alexandria will have been inclosed by the Post & Rail fence, intended for it; & the house, inside & out, painted, before the workmen were withdrawn from thence. It ought to be left in charge of some person who will attend to it, until Mrs F. Washington takes possession thereof.\n               Whether, if the four missing Hhds of my Tobacco are not to be found, the Inspectors, after its having lain over a year, or sometime fixed by Law, are liable for it, or not, I am unable to advise you, and therefore would have you consult those who are, that you may pursue such measures as are proper to recover the value of what is gone\u2014& to secure the remainder. I have been holding it up for a good price, but if whilst I am waiting for this, I am losing it by Hhds, I shall have brought it to a bad market indeed. It was but a short time before the death of Mr Whiting that he was directed to examine into the condition of this Tobo; and to the best of my knowledge he reported, that it was not only all there, but that he had stored it securely all together in some part of the Warehouse where it would not be disturbed in searching for other Tobacco. This information I am sure I received from him, or from my Nephew, before he was advised to leave Mount Vernon on Acct of his health. I enclose you the Notes for this Tobacco, that you may be able to proceed with more regularity in this business.\n               It is not a good Season for Surveying, otherwise I would have my four mile run tract run round; but this shall be done in the Fall; or even sooner if it is found indispensibly necessary: in the meanwhile, if you, with the aid of Mr Minor, could prevent further depredations it would be proper, & desirable.\n               If Congress should rise in the course of this month, as they talk of doing, it is probable (though this is more than I can with any certainty promise) be at Mount Vernon, to stay a few days only, by the 10th of June; when, if you will remind me of it, I will give you a copy of the courses of four Mile run tract, as they cannot be got at unless I am at home.\n               If you can sell the Black horse for a good price\u2014I mean full to his value\u2014I wish you to do so. But what that ought to be will depend upon the condition he is in, at the time of Sale, and upon the prises of horses in the part of the Country where he is; and\n                  of these you are a better judge than I am. I neither expect, nor desire more than hi<s> value; and as he is not a necessary h<orse,> he had better be disposed of.\n               I find by the Reports that Sam is, in a manner, always returned Sick; Doll at the Ferry, & several of the Spinners very frequently so, for a week at a stretch; and Ditcher Charles often laid up with a lameness.  I never wish my people to work when they are really sick, or unfit for it; on the contrary, that all necessary care should be taken of them when they are so; but if you do not examine into their complaints they will lay by when no more ails them, than ails those who stick to their business, & are not complaining, from the fatiegue & drowsiness which they feel as the effect of night walking, & other practices which unfit them for the duties of the day.\n               If the Peggy is not yet arrived it is to be feared that my White thorn plants, & Mr Lear\u2019s fruit trees, must all have perished.  Try them however, so soon as they are to be had.\n               As Congress have determined that the Embargo shall not be renewed, I expect the price of flour will be at least as high as it has been, in Alexandria. In this City it has already risen to 50/. for Super fine & 47/6. for fine; but as the warm season is coming on, if you can obtain Six dollars for the first, and thirty four shillings for the other, in good hands; payable in sixty days; I am more inclined to take it than to hazard the keeping it much longer; but do not make a conclusive sale of it until you shall hear from me again, & this you may expect to do by Wednesday\u2019s Post, wch will arrive in Alexandria on friday evening next.  I am Your friend", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0075", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Greenleaf, 19 May 1794\nFrom: Greenleaf, James\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor of transmitting you a letter I have just recd from Mr T. Lear, which was accompanied by a Bill of Loading of a small box Glass ware, Shipped on the 13th Feby, for your account, & to my address, on board the John & Jane bound from Glasgow to this port\u2014the Vessel is not yet arrived, but may be hourly expected\u2014you will please therefore, Sir, to honor me with your orders what to do with the box when I receive it.\n               I shall leave this place for Philadelphia on the Evening of the 23d Instant, & should the John & Jane not have arrived, I shall leave such directions with my friends here, as will secure a due attention to your orders. I have the honor to be, with respect & veneration, sir, Your most obedt & most humble servant\n                  James Greenleaf.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0076", "content": "Title: Alexander Hamilton\u2019s List of Candidates for Minister to France, 19 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: \n                     Nathaniel Pendleton (District Judge)\n                     Pinkney (late Governor)\n                     Principles as toF. R. unknown\n                     Governor Johnson\n                     Bradford (Atty General)", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0077", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 19 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               I do myself the honor of handing to you the following names, for consideration, as successors to Mr Morris; without however undertaking to say by any means, that I could recommend all of them.\n                  Edward RutledgeSouth Carolina\n                  James InnesVirginia\n                  William PacaMaryland\n                  Govr MifflinPennsylvania\n                  Governor LeeVirginia\n               Colo. Hamilton, General Knox and Mr Bradford either have or will furnish their lists.  General Knox said something of Charles Jervis of Boston.\n               The message as to the attack on the Spanish dominions is going round to the gentlemen; and I expect, that the papers to accompany it are done; tho\u2019 the principal clerk is not yet in the office to inform me.\n               The Spanish commissioners have fixed this morning to have an interview with me at 10 o\u2019clock, concerning the vexations and spoliations on our trade by the Spanish cruisers.  I have the honor sir to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0078", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 19 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n                  Gentlemen of the Senate.\n               I nominate Nicholas Way, of the State of Delaware, to be Treasurer of the Mint of the United States; vice Tristram Dalton, who has resigned.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0080", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 20 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of State has the honor of informing the President of the United States, that Mr Van Berckel, Resident of the\n                  United Netherlands here, has this moment announced to the Secretary in form his marriage with Madam Bacler de L\u2019eval.  The main object of this annunciation being, that it may [b]e communicated to the President, and the public; a short note is sent for the latter purpose to the Printers.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0081", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 20 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n               Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n               In the communications, which I have made to Congress during the present session, relative to foreign nations, I have omitted no opportunity of testifying my anxiety to preserve the United States in peace. It is peculiarly therefore my duty at this time, to lay before you the present state of certain hostile threats against the territories of Spain in our neighbourhood.\n               The documents which accompany this message, develope the measures which I have taken to suppress them, and the intelligence which has been lately received.\n               It will be seen from thence, that the subject has not been neglected; that every power, vested in the executive on such occasions, has been exerted; and that there was reason to believe, that the enterprize projected against the Spanish dominions, was relinquished.\n               But it appears to have been revived upon principles which set public order at defiance, and place the peace of the United States in the discretion of unauthorized individuals. The means\n                  already deposited in the different departments of Government, are shewn by experience, not to be adequate to these high exigencies, although such of them, as are lodged in the hands of the executive, shall continue to be used with promptness, energy and decision proportioned to the case. But I am impelled by the position of our public affairs to recommend that provision be made for a stronger and more vigorous opposition, than can be given to such hostile movements under the laws as they now stand.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0082", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Gassaway, 21 May 1794\nFrom: Gassaway, John\nTo: Washington, George\n               Being informed of the Vacancy lately occasioned in the Collectors Office at the Port of Baltimore in this State, I presume to solicit from your Excellency the Succession to that appointment, It would perhaps be improper for me to attempt the Recommendation of myself by dwelling on my Capacity to discharge the Duties of such an appointment, or by enumerating my Services as an Officer in the late War with Great Britain, but I may be permitted to mention to your Excellency that I left the Service on the restoration of Peace with a Constitution broken by the hardships I had sustained, both in the field and as a prisoner of War, and was soon after, in common with many others, compelled by necessity to part from the pledge of Compensation intended me by my Country at a Sixth of its Value\u2014I have now an infant Family to support whose sole dependence is on me, and my and their only means of maintenance arise from an Office conferred on me by the Legislature of Maryland whose profits with the strictest Oconomy are scarcely adequate to this Object\u2014From having acted under General Williams by whom I was employed as an Assistant while he held his appointment from this Government, and from my early as well as recent Habits of Business I am flattered with an Assurance that I shall be competent to the Satisfactory Execution of the trust I have taken the liberty to Solicit, If the Circumstances I have thus had the honour to State with the enclosed Testimonials given on a former Occasion by the late General Smallwood and Williams, which are Copies from the Originals lodged among the Archives of the Legislature of Maryland, are entitled to your Excellencys attention and should procure with You an Interest in my behalf, I have only to assure you with the most perfect Sincerity that my whole life shall be employed in unremitted endeavours to merit your and my Countrys confidence. I have the honour to be Your Excellencys Most Obedient Hble servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0084", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 21 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               Agreeably to what I promised in my letter of the 19th, I now write to you further, on the subject of my Flour.\n               Although I think the probability is, that flour will rather rise than fall, yet, as the warm Season is coming on, and I had rather be upon a certainty with respect to the Sale of mine than to hold it up for a higher price, by which I may be disappointed. It is my desire, if what I mentioned in my last, of the day before yesterday; viz.\u2014Six dollars pr Barl for Superfine, and five dollars & two thirds for the fine, can be had, on sixty days credit in good hands, that you would make the bargain final; & deliver the flour as soon as possible, as it is from thence the purchaser (unless you agree otherwise) will count the days.\n               Colo. Hooe bought from me last year; but sell to any other good hand, if more can be obtained\u2014I am Yr friend &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0085", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 21 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n               Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n               I lay before you, in confidence, sundry papers, by which you will perceive the state of affairs between us and the Six Nations, and the probable cause to which it is owing.  And also certain information, whereby it would appear that some encroachment was about to be made on our territory by an officer and party of british troops.  Proceeding upon a supposition of the authenticity of this information, although of a private nature, I have caused the representation to be made to the british minister, a copy of which accompanies this message.\n               It cannot be necessary to comment upon the very serious nature of such an encroachment, nor to urge that this new state of things suggests the propriety of placing the United States in a posture of effectual preparation for an event, which, notwithstanding the endeavours making to avert it, may by circumstances beyond our controul be forced upon us.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0086", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 22 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to submit the enclosed letter from James Seagrove dated 27th April and also a letter from Constant Freeman dated 29th of the same Month.  I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obed. Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0087-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 22 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n                  The Secretary of state has the honor of submitting the inclosed letter from the director of the mint to the consideration of the President.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0087-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: David Rittenhouse to Edmund Randolph, 22 May 1794\nFrom: Rittenhouse, David\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n                  An opportunity now offers of purchasing for the Mint about one Ton of wrought Copper, at the moderate price of 16 pence, Pennsylvania money. It is said to be of good quality and sufficient thickness, so that it need not be melted, but only cut & rolled down to the Cent size. Though we have still a considerable quantity of Copper at the Mint, yet as the above price is much lower than it can be had from Europe, if the President shall approve we think it best to make the purchase, and in that case you will please to apply for the Presidents warrant for the Money. 2000 Gross weight @ 16 pence will be nearly 400 Dollars.  I am, Sir, most respectfully, your Humble Servt\n                     Davd Rittenhouse", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0088", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 22 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of state has the honor of sending to the President Mr Hammond\u2019s reply, this moment received, and the letter of the 29th of April to which he refers. The President will be so good, as to let the Secretary have the papers, as early in the morning as may be convenient; to have them copied on the supposition of their being proper for congress; and to prepare a short answer as to matters of fact, which in the last very long paragraph are presented in a perverted, tho\u2019 very feeble form.\n               The copy of the letter to Mr Hammond, intended for the President, was directed to be sent to him this afternoon.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0091", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Deakins, Jr., 23 May 1794\nFrom: Deakins, William Jr.\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Peggy Captain Lunt has Just Arrived, and has brought a Number of Fruit tree\u2019s for you, which I shall send this day to Mountain Vernon.\n               I have delivered to my Brother Francis, the Order on Mr Benjamin Jones for the rent, of your Land, he lives near Mr Jones and will get of him a state of the Rents\u2014my Brother desires me to inform You that the Tenants are Committing great Waste on the Lands late the property of Mr Sprigg, the half of which you now hold, it may perhaps be well to Authorise some person to Attend to your part, if not Already done; my Brother lives Adjoins it, & I have no doubts if required he will Chearfully do anything you may desire, respecting, this Land to prevent Waste\u2014but he will wish to know the part you hold. I am Sir with Great Respect Your Obt Servt\n                  Will. Deakins Junr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0092", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Dixon, 23 May 1794\nFrom: Dixon, John\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Whitehaven [England] May 23d 1794\n               My Son Joseph informs me that from Your Excellence\u2019s high and Honorable Station\u2014that it would be improper to give Letters of Introduction\u2014at the same time I know the goodness of your Heart to be such\u2014that I flatter myself some respect will be paid to my recomendation\u2014I therefore pray leave to say that the Bearer of this is Thos Law Esqr. who comes with a design to Settle in America if he likes the Country\u2014in which case he probably will make some large Purchases\u2014he being a Gentleman of Family\u2014as well as good Property\u2014and who will be found in every Instance the Gentleman & Scholar\u2014which I dare venture to Vouch for\u2014at the same time he may be esteemed a real benefit to your Country\u2014being through Master of the East India\n                  Trade\u2014he having resided in that Country some years\u2014so that I doubt not he will be found a Valuable Member of Society\u2014and tho\u2019 in your high Station you may be prevented Receiving him\u2014yet you may have it in your power to give him material assistance\u2014which I humbely beg leave to Solicit\u2014at the same time to tender my sincere and grateful thanks for your very kind and polite attention to my Son\u2014of which be assured I hold a just Sense.  Pray is there any thing likely to be re[c]overed from the Estate of the late Mrs Margt Savage\u2014to learn this would give real pleasure to him who is with the most profound esteem your Excellencies Most faithful Obliged And obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0093", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 23 May 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew\n               The Secretary of War presents his Compliments to Mister Dandridge and begs the favor that the enclosed letter from Governor Mifflin, just received, may be submitted to the President of the U: States.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0096", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Groves, 24 May 1794\nFrom: Groves, William\nTo: Washington, George\n               It is in the power of Men of Virtue and Rank, Like the Sun to gild all Objects within the Sphere of their Notice, without diminishing in the least their intrinsic splendour Your petitioner is a young Man of some family in England, and started like many others with Promising Hopes in Life\u2014But Copying the World from the Susceptibility of his own Heart Soon fell a Sacrifice to disguis\u2019d Hypochrites Finding an Asylum in America at present gets his Bread by teaching a small School at No. 14 North Sixth Street\u2014The profits of which being inadequate to the Support of his Family & Haveing an inclination for Poetry has exerted his Talents that Way\u2014Specimens of which accompany the present\u2014which He intends printing provided a Sufficiency of Subscribers can be procurd to defray the Expence\u2014The Price of Subscription on each Copy to be half a Dollar in Boards.  Sir your Condescension in becoming a Subscriber & permitting him to dedicate the Volume to You\u2014Tho at the same time it will be rathe<r> debasing than Ornamenting the Pedestal of your Fame, it will afford a fresh Proof (among many others), that no Elevation or prosperity Can lift an honest Man byond the Hearing of the Modest Petitions of Humanity. Honord sir Your Petitioner Remains with Respect Your Most diffident & Hb<le> S<ert>", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0098", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Kentucky Citizens, 24 May 1794\nFrom: \nTo: Washington, George\n               To the PRESIDENT and CONGRESS of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA;\n               The REMONSTRANCE of the Subscribers, Citizens of the Commonwealth of KENTUCKY, SHEWETH:\n               THAT your Remonstrants have observed with concern and indignation, the injuries and insults offered to the United States by the king of Great Britain. He has violated in important parts, that treaty of peace, the observance of which might have obliterated the remembrance of former injuries. He has, by means of his agents, supplied arms, ammunition, cloathing and provision to those merciless Savages, who have so long ravaged the Western Frontier of these States. He has interposed, unsolicited, and negociated truces for Portugal and Holland, with the Piratical States, in order to turn the rapine of those African Barbarians solely on the American commerce. His vessels of war, and the Piratical vessels of his subjects, by his orders, in violation of the law of nations, have despoiled the commerce, and insulted\n                  the neutral flag of America. He has made no compensation for the property of citizens of these States, carried away by his troops contrary to treaty. And, that we might escape no species of injury which could be heaped on the weakest and most despicable of nations, he holds within the territory of the United States, in defiance of treaty and of right, posts fortified and garrisoned by his armies.\n               That these injuries and insults call loudly for redress, and that we will, to the utmost of our abilities and in any mode that can be devised, support the General Government in the firmest and most effectual measures, to obtain full satisfaction for all our wrongs.\n               That your Remonstrants, and the other Inhabitants of the United States West of the Allegany and Appalachian Mountains, are entitled by nature and stipulation to the free and undisturbed Navigation of the River Mississippi; and that from the year 1783 to this day, they have been uniformly prevented, by the Spanish King, from exercising that right. Your Remonstrants have observed, with concern, that the General Government, whose duty it was to have preserved that right, have used no effectual measures for its attainment. That even their tardy and ineffectual negociations, have been veiled with the most misterious secrecy. That, that secrecy is a violation of the political rights of the citizen, as it declares, that the people are unfit to be entrusted with important facts relative to their rights, and that their Servants may retain from them the knowledge of those facts. Eight years are surely sufficient for the discussion of the most doubtful and disputable claim; the right to the Navigation of the Mississippi admits neither of doubt or dispute. Your Remonstrants, therefore, conceive that the negociations on that subject have been unnecessarily lengthy, and they expect, that it be demanded, categorically, of the Spanish king, whether he will acknowledge the right of the Citizens of the United States to the free and uninterrupted Navigation of the River Mississippi, and cause all obstructions, interruption and hindrance to the exercise of that right in future to be withdrawn and avoided, that immediate answer thereto be required; and that such answer be the final period of all negociations upon this subject.\n               Your Remonstrants further represent, that the encroachment of the Spaniards upon the Territory of the United States\n                  is a striking and melancholy proof of the situation to which our country will be reduced, if a tame policy should still continue to direct our councils.\n               Your Remonstrants join their voice to that of their Fellow Citizens in the Atlantic States, calling for satisfaction for the injuries and insults offered to America, and they expect that such satisfaction shall extend to every injury and insult, done or offered to any part of America by Great Britain and Spain; and as the detention of the Posts and the interruption to the Navigation of the Mississippi, are injuries and insults of the greatest atrocity and of the longest duration, they require the most particular attention to those subjects.\n               Your Remonstrants declare, that it is the duty of the General Government to protect the Frontiers, and that the total want of protection, which is now experienced by every part of the Western Frontier, is a grievance of the greatest magnitude and demands immediate redress.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0099", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Henry Knox, 24 May 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Knox, Henry\n               By the Presidents order B. Dandridge has the honor to send herewith enclosed to the Secretary of War, a letter just received by the president from the Govr of north Carolina; & to request the Secretary to cause such directions to be given, with regard to the subject thereof, as may be proper.\n               A Letter to the President from Colo. Fitzgerald is also sent for the information of the Secretary, who is informed that the President thinks the arrangements therein mentioned of the fortifications for the defence of alexandria, are adviseable & are such as meet his approbation.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0100", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 24 May 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n               The information contained in the letter from Genl Wilkins, which I communicated to you yesterday; and the general aspect of our affairs on the frontiers; enforcing the necessity of an immediate exertion, to support the Detachment, which the Legislature of Pennsylvania directed to be formed, for the purpose of protecting the Commissioners, who were authorised to lay out a town at Presqu\u2019-isle, I have issued orders for drafting one thousand militia from the Western Brigades, for that particular service. I have the honor to inclose a copy of my Orders; and to be, with perfect respect, Sir, Your Excellencys Most obd. Hb.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0101", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Shepard, 24 May 1794\nFrom: Shepard, Richard\nTo: Washington, George\n               I am a native of No. Carolina bred to the Sea and wish the appointment of Lieutenant on board one of the Frigates to be fitted out by the United States, I understand that the Members of Congress from North Carolina have recommended me to the Secretary of war, If your Excellency appoints me as Lieutenant I shall do every thing in my power to merit your approbation. with the highest respect I am Sir your most Obedt Servt\n                  Richard Shepard", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0104", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 25 May 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have occasion to regret, that your opinion, on the expediency of suspending, for the present, the establishment at Presqu\u2019-isle, was not communicated to me, previously to the receipt of the letter from the Secretary at War, dated yesterday, in which that opinion is, for the first time, explicitly expressed.  I am apprehensive, indeed, that it is too late to prevent the execution of the measures, which, under the authority of the law of Pennsylvania, were concerted relatively to that object, and of which I had the honor regularly to apprise you:  but, ever anxious to promote the views of the General Government, and to avoid encreasing the dissatisfaction of the Six Nations, or in any other manner extending the sphere of Indian hostilities, I shall\n                  consider your interposition and request, as a sufficient justification for attempting, even at this late period, to arrest the progress of the Commissioners in laying out the Town at Presqu\u2019-isle, conformably to those directions of the Legislature which I could not, on any less authority, venture to supersede. Copies of my letters to the Commissioners, to the Captain of the Detachment, and to the Brigade Inspectors of the Western counties, for that purpose, are now inclosed.\n               It may not, at the same time, be improper, Sir, to remark, in vindication of the measure projected by the Legislature, that the territory within which the Town is directed to be laid out, has not only been purchased from the United States by Pennsylvania, but has, likewise, been ceded to her, for a valuable consideration, by the Six Nations.  It could not, therefore, be in the contemplation of her government, that any hostile opposition would be made to her settling upon a property thus fairly acquired; or that the advancement of her peculiar interests in that respect, would be deemed incompatible with the general interests of the Union.\n               In regard to my agency upon the occasion, permit me, also, to trouble you with a short recapitulation. On the 8th of April 1793, the Act for laying out a Town at Presqu\u2019-isle was passed; in which I was empowered to obtain a survey of the reserved Tract in that quarter, and directed to cause a certain number of acres to be surveyed and laid out in Town-lots and Out-lots. It was obviously the intention of the Legislature that this trust should be speedily executed; as the bounty offered to settlers, was limited to those who should actually inhabit and reside in the Town before the 1st of January 1794: but the dangerous state of the Frontiers at that time, induced the Commissioners appointed for making the survey, to protract their departure, till the meeting of the General Assembly in December last, when I represented the necessity of providing adequate means for the protection and safety of those gentlemen, if the accomplishment of the plan confided to them was deemed of immediate importance. Accordingly, during the Session, two laws were passed; by one of which I was authorised to make a detachment, for that particular service, from the four Defensible Companies raised by Pennsylvania; and by the other the period for allowing bounties to settlers was extended to the 1st day of May 1795.  The\n                  language and spirit of these Legislative provisions left me no alternative, but as to a choice of means for carrying them into effect; and lest, even in that respect, any interference with the Federal arrangements should occur, I have punctually transmitted to you, information of every step that was taken; as you will perceive by a reference to my several letters of the 28th of March, the 9th 23rd and 24th of May 1794.\n               Under these circumstances, Sir, I trust it will appear, that I could not, with justice to my official station, act upon the bare intimation given on the 10th current by the Secretary at War to the Secretary of the Commonwealth; and that I sufficiently manifest my confidence in your advice, by pursuing it, when it is expressly stated. I am, with perfect respect, Sir, Your Excellency\u2019s Most Obedient Humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0105", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 25 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               I learn with concern from your letter of the 18th instant, that your crops were still labouring under a drought, and most of them very much injured.  At disappointments and losses which are the effects of Providential acts, I never repine; because I am sure the alwise disposer of events knows better than we do, what is best for us, or what we deserve. Two or three fine rains have fallen here in the course of the past week; some of which I hope (though I fear the showers were partial) may have extended to Mount Vernon.\n               I am quite astonished as well as concerned, to hear so unfavorable an acct of the drilled Wheat. What can be the cause of it?  Not the working of it I hope? for by that means it was, I expected to have augmented the crop considerably.\n               The great change for the worse in my Sheep, since I left home about five years ago is as much to be regreted, as the constant decrease of their numbers. At that time, the fleeces through my flock, averaged upwards of five pound, now, I perceive by the last reports they are but little over two pounds.\n               From the letters I have received by the Peggy, she must have arrived at George Town, I hope you have got my thorn plts, and Mr Lears fruit Trees to Mount Vernon. Enclosed is a copy of\n                  the list of the latter, which desire the Gardener to be particularly attentive to.\n               It was always intended that the Negro quarters at Union farm should range with the lane fence, or nearly so; but then the fence of No. 5 & the great Meadow was to have been moved forward, with a view to narrow the lane, and to throw the Barn in the middle of it\u2014So wide a lane as the present never was intended to remain. but matters may rest as they are until I come home, or until you shall hear from me again. The first will not be, I fear, so soon as I expected; as it is very questionable whether Congress will be up next week; and I may have business afterwards, to detain me here a few days; which does not occur to me at this moment. In my next (this day week) I may probably speak with more certainty on this point. I wish you well and am Your friend &ca\n                  P.S. Have you heard of the Oats yet, which I sent from hence?\n                  A vessel is now up for Alexandria, by which I shall send Paper for my House in that place.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0106", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Harriot Washington, 25 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, Harriot\nTo: Washington, George\n               Aunt Lewis has desired me to inform you that she has received your letter to Cousin Robert and expect\u2019s it will have a quick conveyance, as cousin Carter leaves this for Fauquier to day. I hope My dear Uncle will excuse my asking him for some Summer dresse\u2019s, as nothing would induce me to be so troublesome\n                  if I was not in absolute want of them. those that I had last year are almost worn out I am affraid My dear Uncle will think me careless and extravagant but indeed I mend and wear them as long as I possibly can Aunt Lewis say\u2019s if you will send the money to get them that I shall not have any thing that I am not in real want of, but she say\u2019s things are very dear here and if you pleased to get them there it would be cheaper as Cousin has told us goods are much lower there than they are here.\n               Aunt Lewis join\u2019s me in love to you Aunt Washington and all the rest of the family. I am Honord Uncle Your affectionate Neice\n                  Harriot Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0108", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Bell, 26 May 1794\nFrom: Bell, James\nTo: Washington, George\n               Persuaded that your important time must be occupied with the weighty Care of the public affairs, I feel, on this account, great embarrassment for trespassing one moment on your attention. I regret, Sir, that it has become necessary. But, your exalted Character justifies me in hoping that, tho\u2019 surrounded by great and important public business, you will condescend to hear my Representations, and, so far as in you lies, remedy the Grievances of which I complain.\n               When, in the Course of the war with Great Britain, an Expedition was undertaken by the United States against Canada, I rendered, what are allowed to be, great and important Services to the United States. I expended, Sir, my own Monies\u2014I furnished Supplies, at my own expense, for the American Army; and, otherwise, assisted the expedition by all the means in my power: and, in the doing of this, I reduced my private fortune very considerably. I had hopes in the Justice of the United States, and entertained no doubt, but that my Demands for these\n                  services, supported as they are by just vouchers, would be allowed to me. Accordingly I lately petitioned the Congress; and, in the House of Representatives, my petition was referred to a Committee who, on a full investigation of my Claims & Vouchers made a favorable report, which was agreed to in the House and a Bill was brought in agreeably thereto which being referred to a Committee of the whole was lost on the principle that I am barred by the Act of Limitation. I enclose, for your perusal a Copy of the report of the Committee, and of my own statement to them when sitting for the purpose of examining my Claims.\n               I have believed, Sir, that the Services I have rendered to the United States were meritorious\u2014and that my demands for them are just is incontestible. I have also believed, Sir, that the Act of Limitation cannot bar my Claims, because, not dwelling within the limits of the United States, I ought to come within the provisory exceptions of that Act; for, my residence has all along been at Chambly in Canada.\n               But, Sir, just as my demands are I am excluded from all Chance of recompense; and I cannot help expressing to you that I deem this peculiarly hard.\n               I beg of you, Sir, if it lies in your power, to assist me in having my Business put into a train of just liquidation; and, I am sure, that your regard for those, who were the real friends of America in the time of her greatest Danger & Distress, will lead you to do every thing to this purpose that you consistently can.\n               For Brevity sake, I have avoided a more particular detail; hoping, that you will be pleased to favor me with an opportunity of personally explaining the peculiar Hardship of my Situation with regard to this business. Permit me therefore to wait your Answer. With the greatest respect & Esteem I am Sir Your most obedt humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0109", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the Earl of Buchan, 26 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Buchan, eleventh earl of (David Stuart Erskine; 1742-1829)\n               It is no uncommon thing to attempt, by excuses, to atone for acts of omission; and frequently too, at the expence of as much time as (seasonably employed) would have superceded the occasion of their presentment. Sensible as I am of this\u2014and ashamed as I am of resorting to an apology so common yet I feel, so forcibly, the necessity of making one for suffering your Lordships very polite and obliging favor of the 30th of last June to remain so long unacknowledged that I cannot avoid falling into the error I am reprobating.\n               The truth is, the malignant fever which raged in this City during the months of August, September & October of last year (of which at least 5,000 of its inhabitants were swept off) occasioned my retreat therefrom on the 10th of September and prevented my returning until some time in November; between which and the meeting of Congress (the first monday in december) I had\n                  hardly time to prepare for the Session. The Session has been long & interesting (and is not yet closed). Little leizure therefore have I had, during the period of its continuance for the indulgence of private corrispondencies.\n               I did however, from German Town, in the early part of November, give your lordship the trouble of receiving a few lines from me introductory of my friend Mr Lear; and am exceedingly flattered by the polite attention with which he was honored, on my account, by your lordship and the Countess of Buchan. He speaks of it (in a letter I have lately received from him in London) in the highest terms of respect & gratitude.\n               The sentiments which are expressed in your lordships letter of the 30th of June, do honor to the goodness of your heart, and ought to be engraved on every mans mind. And if, instead of the provocations to War\u2014bloodshed & desolation (oftentimes are unjustly given), the strife of Nations & of individuals was to excel each other in acts of Philanthropy; industry and \u0153conomy; in encouraging useful arts & manufactures, promoting thereby the comfort & happiness of our fellow men, and in exchanging on liberal terms the products of one country & clime for those of another; how much happier would mankind be.\n               But Providence, for purpose beyond the reach of mortal scan, has suffered the restless, & malignant passions of man, the ambitious, & sordid views of those wh<o> direct them, to keep the affairs of this world in a continual state of disquietude; and will, it is to be feared, place the prospect of peace too far off & the promised millennium at an awful distance from our day.\n               In the disturbed state at which most Nations seems to have arrived\u2014and from which it is my earnest wish to keep this Country fre (if it can be done consistent with honor, and the respect which every Nation owes to itself as well as to others) I shall avoid all details on Political Subjects, & having no other, at present, worthy attention, I shall conclude with asking your Lordships forgiveness for the liberty I have taken in putting the packet for Docr Anderson under cover of this letter to you directed to the care of the American Minister in London\u2014Assuring you, at the same time, of the sentiments of high respect & esteem with which I have the honor to be, Your Lordships most Obedt & Very Hble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0110-0001", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Robert Morris, 26 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Morris, Robert\n                  As I have other unproductive landed property in the Western Country besides that which you seem disposed to become the purchaser of\u2014and some also in Virginia, which, in my opinion, promises the richest future harvest of anything of the kind I have contemplated. I offer the whole to you upon the terms mentioned in the enclosed paper.\n                  Were my prospects different from what they really are, not the sum there mentioned\u2014or anything like it\u2014would alienate the property from me. But, as the case is, I prefer present convenience to future advantages; and therefore, in my own days, which cannot be many, am disposed to turn my unproductive land into cash, that I may enjoy the comforts which may result fro<m the interest thereof.\n                  Mr Casenave (through the medium of Govr Lee of Virginia) made> overtures to me for my interest in the Great Dismal Swamp. The answer to these you will find enclosed.  He scarcely\u2014as I understood from the Govr, knew whether to say yea, or nay, to my offer; and being timid\u2014and wishing first to know if he could secure the other there, the matter stopped, & so it has remained. Mr Casenave expected, probably on good ground, that a purchase from others might be made on lower terms than I had affixed to mine.\n                  The plat of this land; that of the round bottom; and of those tracts on the little Miami; a sketch of the Town of Mount Pleasant at the conflux of the Ohio & Great Kanhawa; with some\n                  Map 1. GW\u2019s Western Lands. (Illustrated by Rick Britton. Copyright Rick Britton 2010.)\n                     other Papers, are enclosed.  They may be returned with such as you have, belonging to me, or retained to be added to according to your decision.\n                  It may be desirable on Mr Casenaves acct<, to make no mention of his views, if you do not incline to embark in the measure yourself, <illegible> I do not> know what steps he proposed to take, or has taken, in the business.\n                  I have made you the offer wch is enclosed, and given the best view I am able of facts, because I understood from you that Mr Greenleaf is to be concerned with you in purchases of this kind, and is expected in this City. With very great esteem & regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Yr most Obedt & Affect. Sert", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0110-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Memorandum on Land, 25 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n                  Land belonging to the subscriber\u2014West of the Alligany Mountain\u2014and in the Great dismal Swamp in Virginia\u2014which he would dispose of at the prices thereunto annexed.\n      Upon the River Ohio\u2014East side   }\nIn 3 separate tracts\u2014according to the }   Acres \n       On the great Kanhawa.          }\n       West of the Ohio.\nIn 3 tracts, on the little Miami\u2014viz.\u2014\n     first, near the mouth\u2014     \n     within a mile of the Ohio   }           839\n     2d Seven miles up the Miami }           977\n         In Kentucky.\n         In the state of Pennsa\n       Great dismal Swamp.\n                  The above land, in my opinion, is richly worth the sum annexed to each parcel, & I have no doubt of its fetching it, or more, at the present moment, if I was in the habit, or in the way of disposing of land; but as neither of these is the case, and as I prefer present convenience to future gain, I will let them go to one person, or to an association of persons, for the round sum of fifty thousand pounds; estimating dollars at Seven shillings & six pence, and other gold & silver coin, currt in the country, at that rate; and if the interest is secured to me in any of the Banks, or in any other manner so as to render the receipt certain, when paymt becomes due, I will wait a term (to be agreed upon) for the principa[l].\n                  The notes on the other side, relatively to some of the tracts, may be as <satis>factory as they are useful.\n                     Note (l). This tract for its size, is perhaps one of the most valuable on the Ohio River. It is in the shape of a horse shoe, with an elevated situation at the upper end for a house, on the bank of the River. It lies on the nearest & most direct road from the\n                        Settlements on the Monongalia to Detroit; about 15 miles below Wheeling (where there is a thick & respectible settlement) and about 75 miles above Mariatte.\n                     (2) The price at which they were offered to Mr Greenleaf.\n                     (3) These tracts adjoin Judge Symes purchase & settlements\u2014on the opposite side of the little Miami and are in the vicinity of Fort Washington. They were obtained for me, under the auspices of Colo. Thos Marshall of Kentucky; and by a verbal conversation which I have had with the person who surveyed them I am more impressed with the value of the land than I am by the official report\u2014but it is on the latter I rest the character of it.\n                     (4) I have neither the Surveys nor the Patents of these lands by me; both however are at Mt Vernon. They were purchased from Governor Lee of Virga, who has assured me, that they were of the first quality in that Country. They cost me \u00a3500 Virga M[one]y several years ago.\n                     (5) By an actual survey (since the patent issued for this land) it has been found to measure upwards of 3000 acres. It lies not more than 15 or 16 miles from Pittsburgh\u2014less from the County town\u2014and contains 12 or 15 good & well improved farms\u2014for that part of the Ctry.\n                     (6) This tract is composed of five original Surveys, compactly joined, with an allowance of 6 prCt (according to the custom of the land office of Pennsylvania) at the time it was granted. These Surveys are among the first that were made in that country, & the goodness of the land is not exceeded by any therein. It lies on the great Road from Fort Cumberland to Pittsburgh, distant from the latter 40 miles. It has one large and several smaller farms on it. A Mill which cost (15 or 18 years ago) between a thousand & twelve hundred pounds\u2014and lately by an allowance to the tenant has undergone a repair. Within 30 feet of the Mill house is a great shew of Iron Ore.\n                     (7) This tract consists chiefly of Meadow, and is very valuable though unimproved. It is situated about half way between Fort Cumberland & Pittsburgh. Braddocks Road passes through it; which, and the advantage of so much meadow fit for the scythe, makes it an excellent stand for a Publican.\n                     (8) This quantity is about the amount of the share I hold\n                        in the great dismal Swamp. And of all the speculations in the United States, of which I have any conception, this, for the magnitude of it, is, in my opinion the most promising. The company of which I am one, holds 40,000 acres of Patented land therein; in which there is no dispute; and they have a just right to a good deal more which has been taken from them (illegally, & not past recovery) through their own inattention. Independant of the 40,000 acres, of which mine is a part, there is a large plantation of reclaimed land, on which the Company worked a number of hands many years; Part of whom, I believe, are continued thereon to this day. My share of the Plantation & Negros shall be included in the sum annexed to the Land. The 40,000 acres is the richest part of the whole swamp, and indeed it is scarcely possible for soil to be richer. The unreclaimed rice swamps of So. Carolina which are in no respect better & few of them so advantageously situated sell from ten to \u00a315 ster[lin]g an acre, and when reclaimed at from 25 to \u00a350 pr Acre. The Canal which is now opening from Elizabeth River to Albemarle sound passes through it, & will contribute much to the draining thereof; and in other respects will add immensely to the value of the property.  Rice, Tobacco, Indian Corn, Oats & other articles have been raised most luxuriantly by the Companies hands, on their plantation in this swamp. The value of so much land, of this quality within a few miles of Norfolk, Suffolk & Portsmouth; and alongside of Nansemond River (at a very small distance therefrom)\u2014cultivated in these articles or laid to grass for mowing or grazing is almost incalculable.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0111", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 26 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The secretary of state has the honor of informing the President, that Mr Adams is of opinion, that his son will and ought to accept the appointment; and that he himself will advise him to accept it.\n               Mr Monroe assents to the nomination of himself.\n               The inclosed is a draft of the message, which was mentioned to the President this morning.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0113", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Burgess Ball, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Ball, Burgess\nTo: Washington, George\n               For a considerable time past I have been in a bad State of Health, and to endeavour to regain it I took a Trip to Alexandria to put myself under the direction of Doctor Craik, & from thence made a Visit to Fredericksbg\u2014I thank God, I find myself mendg, but have so little appetite I regain my flesh very slowly.\n               I saw Mr Pearce 2 or 3 times, and being inform\u2019d by him that he had only sowed about 300 Bush: of Buck Wheat, I conciev\u2019d you wd not want the 45\u00bd which was lacking of the 500, as 100 or\n                  150 will be a great deal to sow for Seed and Cows & Hoggs\u2014If however you wd rather have the Buck wheat, I will with pleasure procure & forward it in full time\u2014It is scarce indeed, but had not two men disappointed me, it wd have been in my mill long ago. The wheat I was obliged to give 2/6 \u214c Bush: for, and for the Carriage 1/. \u214c Bush:, so that the whole Amot of the 454\u00bd comes to \u00a379.10.9, out of which is to be deducted the 200 dollar Bank Note, 3 Bush: of Clover Seed, & 400 wh[i]t[e] Fish & 2500 Herring that I got of Mr Pearce. Mr Chs Carter who lives with the Atty Genl had the Settlement of my Sons affairs in Philada, and I am owing for him Ball: of 25 dollars, which Sum I must request you\u2019ll be so good as to pay Mr Carter, and the Ball: of the Accot we can settle when we meet again.\n               Colo. Washington has grown much heartier and for some time past has declined\u2014which makes us all happy\u2014miss Milly & Sammy are here and (with Fanny) unite with me in wishing you & yours every filicity.  I am Dr sir with the highest Esteem Yr Affect. Hble servt\n                  P.S. Mr Dandridge will be good enough to take the 25 dollars to Mr Carter for me. B.B.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0114", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               In answer to the enquiry you have been pleased to make, I have the honor to inform you that nothing has been yet done upon the first section of the Act of the 20th of March last, which appropriates a million of dollars, to defray any expenses that may be incurred in relation to the intercourse between the United States and foreign Nations; authorising the President if necessary to borrow the whole or any part of that sum.\n               I should before this have brought that subject under the consideration of the President, but for the following reasons.\n               The Act directs that the sum in question shall be paid out of any monies which may be in the Treasury, not otherwise appropriated\u2014but refers to no time as the criterion of such unappropriated monies. To understand monies as synonimous with funds, which was no doubt meant, as has been the frequent language of appropriation Laws\u2014and to attach the appropriation upon the funds, which at the time of passing the Act were not otherwise appropriated, would materially endanger the adequateness of the funds for satisfying the appropriations for the War Department for the present year, which happens to have received the signature of the President one day later.\n               To act therefore upon the law in this sense would essentially embarrass that more urgent part of the public service which respects our military operations\u2014& would no doubt contravene the intention of the Legislature.\n               It is well understood, that this intention was to postpone the object in question to a future provision, & accordingly the Committee of ways and means have had a special reference to it in the new taxes proposed.\n               To construe the law according to this intention, it is necessary to wait for such further provision\u2014for there would be no fund that could be relied upon as the basis of the loan to be obtained.\n               When this provision shall be made, it will remain for the President to determine, whether he will upon contingency incur the expense to the United States of borrowing the entire sum at once, or whether he will subdivide it, or wait a further development of circumstances respecting the probability of a call for the money before any operation is made.\n               But though I could not recommend an attempt to borrow the entire sum as the business is now situated; yet if there be any particular call for a part of it I presume arrangements may be adopted which will procure it. With perfect respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0115", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               I sometime since communicated an intention to withdraw from the office I hold, towards the close of the present session.\n               This I should now put in execution but for the events which have lately accumulated of a nature to render the prospect of a continuance of our peace in a considerable degree precarious. I do not perceive that I could voluntarily quit my post at such a juncture, consistently with considerations either of duty or character; and therefore I find myself reluctantly obliged to defer the offer of my resignation.\n               But if any circumstances should have taken place in consequence of the intimation of an intention to resign, or should otherwise exist, which serve to render my continuance in office in any degree inconvenient or ineligible, I beg leave to assure you, Sir, that I should yield to them with all the readiness naturally inspired by an impatient desire to relinquish a situation, in\n                  which even a momentary stay is opposed by the strongest personal & family reasons and could only be produced by a sense of Duty or reputation. With the highest respect, I have the honor to be &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0116-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n                  In compliance with the request of Judge Addison, I have the honor to transmit to you a copy of his letter, dated the 12th current, in explanation of the Extract communicated to you on the 18th of April last, relatively to the collection of the Excise in the Western counties.  As it appears, that the information, which he enabled me to lay before you, has been used in a way that was not intended, justice requires that the foundation of his opinions should be clearly understood. I have the honor to be, With perfect respect, Sir, Your Excellency\u2019s Most Obedt Hble servt ", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0117", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 27 May 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 27 May 1794. In GW\u2019s letter to Pearce of 1 June, he writes, \"I am glad to find by your letter of the 27th ulto that you had had some good rains\"; in Pearce\u2019s second letter to GW of 4 June, he refers to \"my Letter of the 27th.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0118", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n                  Gentlemen of the Senate,\n               The Executive provisory Council of the French Republic having requested me to recal Gouverneur Morris, our Minister Plenipotentiary in France; I have thought proper, in pursuance of that request, to recal him.  I therefore nominate, James Monroe, of Virginia, as Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to the said Republic.\n               I also nominate William Short, now Minister resident for the United States with their high mightinesses, the states general of the United Netherlands; to be Minister resident for the United States to his Catholic majesty, in the room of William Carmichael, who is recalled.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0124", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 28 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n                  Gentlemen of the Senate,\n               I nominate the following persons to be Consuls and vice Consuls for the United States of America, at the places affixed to their names respectively.\n               James Simpson, to be Consul for the United States of America at the port of Gibraltar; and for such other places as shall be nearer to the said Port, than to the residence of any other Consul or vice-Consul of the United States within the same allegiance.\n               Philip Marck, to be Consul for the United States of America, in Franconia in Germany.\n               Peter Feliechy, to be Consul for the United States of America at the port of Leghorn; and for such other places as shall be nearer to the said Port, than to the residence of any other consul or vice-consul of the United States within the same allegiance.\n               Arnold Delius, to be Consul for the United States of America, at Bremen.\n               William McCarty, to be Consul for the United States of America, in the Isle of France.\n               John Culnan, to be Consul for the United States of\n                  America, at the port of Oratava, in Teneriffe; and for such other places as shall be nearer to the said port than to the residence of any other Consul or vice Consul of the United States within the same allegiance.\n               Sylvanus Bourne, to be Vice Consul for the United States of America at the port of Amsterdam; and for such other places as shall be nearer to the said port, than to the residence of any other Consul or Vice Consul of the United States within the same allegiance.\n               P. F. Dobree, to be Vice-Consul for the United States of America at the port of Nantz; and for such other places as shall be nearer to the said Port, than to the residence of any other Consul or Vice Consul of the United States within the same allegiance.\n               Joseph Wilson, to be Consul for the United States of America, at the port of Dublin; and for such other places as shall be nearer to the said port, than to the residence of any other Consul or vice Consul of the United States within the same allegiance.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0125", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Mr. Wilson, 28 May 1794\nFrom: Wilson, Mr.\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Maryland, Havre de Grace, May 28. 1794.\n               The Decade or French Calendar.\n               A great and magnanimous Nation, the immediate Servants of the supreme Disposer of the universe, having been much traduced and misrepresented, by the advocates of Priests and Kings, the eternal enemies of the Rights of Man, and that pure\n                  evangelic spirit of Freedom, which breathes nothing but good-will towards the whole human race, a Fellow Being, unconnected with party, and totally divested of improper or selfish motives, has, in the retirement of meditation, and the contemplation of Things temporal as well as spiritual, endeavoured by the communication of his Ideas, to open a grand Frontispiece of Events, as well as a Justification of those People (the French) who cordially appear to be supported by the most High, for ridding the world of pristine bondage, and perpetuating that Liberty, wherein God, by his word, has commanded all men to be free.\n               It will be first proper to speak to the last Dispensation, or old order of Things, before we advance to that period, where the Almighty declares\u2014\"Behold I make all Things new\"!\n               In the word or Holy Scriptures numbers signify Things; and the reason why numbers signify Things, or rather are like a kind of adjuncts to Substantives denoting a certain quality in Things, is, because number in itself is natural, for natural Things are determined by numbers, but spiritual Things by Things, and their states; wherefore he who doth not know the signification of numbers in the scriptures, especially in the last Dispensation promised to man, the Apocalypse or Revelations, can know but little of what are contained therein.\n               Seven, in the word denotes all or completion; hence it is, under the old Dispensation, that the Sabbath was instituted on the seventh Day, and that the seventh year was called the Sabbatharian year; and the seven Times seventh year the Jubilee, by which was signified every thing holy in the old Church: Hence also it is, that week (seven Days) in Daniel and elsewhere, signifies an entire period from beginning to end, and is predicated of that system or Dispensation which is now consummating or ended.\n               The Jews observed the seventh Day in commemoration of the Creation, and their redemption from the bondage of the Egyptians; the Christians observe the first day of the week in commemoration of the resurrection of Christ from the dead, and the universal redemption of mankind. The Days as they are generally called, such as Sunday, Monday &c. all derive their names from the Pagan Idols, and that especially from the Saxons. We advance now to the Decade.\n               Ten, in the word, signifies the duration of state to the full. The Reason why ten Days signify duration of state to the full, is,\n                  because ten days signify states, and ten what is full; for Times in the word signify states, and numbers add the quality of them; For as much as ten signify what is full, it also signifies much and many, also every thing and all, as may appear from these passages which follow, \"Those men which have seen my glory have tempted me these ten Times,[\"] Numb: 14.22. These ten times have ye reproached me, Job: 19.3. Daniel was found ten Times wiser than the astrologers, Dan: 1.20. Ten Women shall bake Bread in one oven, Levit: 26.26. Ten men out of all Languages of the Nations shall take hold of the Shirt of him that is a Jew, Zec: 8.23. Because ten signifies many, and also all, therefore the Things which were written upon the Tables of the Decalogue of Jehovah, are called the Ten words, Deut: 4.13. And because ten signifies all and every thing, therefore the Lord compared the Kingdom of Heaven to ten Virgins Matth: 25.1. Moreover in the parable he said of the nobleman, that he gave his Servants ten Talents to trade with, Luke, 19.12.13.  Beside a variety of other passages from the word to support the allusion. But we here arrive at the Inference.\n               It is declared by Him that has promised, and shall He not perform it? that, \"all Things shall be made new,\" or in the fullness of Time, when the old Dispensation can no longer benefit his People, a new order of Things shall take place.\n               It is asserted, that \"the Sabbath was made for man,\" for his ease, convenience and rest; but when it becomes so debased as to be universally the most prophaned period of Time among Men, through the subtilty of the Serpent or Priestcraft, then the Promises are fulfilled \"in the Angels lifting up his hand to Heaven, and swearing by him that liveth for ages of ages, who created Heaven and the Things that therein are, and the Earth and the Things that therein are, and the Sea and the Things that are therein, that there should no longer be Time,[\"] Rev: 10.5.6. This is not, as some vainly imagine, a destruction of the Planet we now inhabit, but a destruction of the old order of Time. By Time is signified state, and because the church or old system is here treated of, a state of that church is signified; therefore, there shall no longer be Time, signifies that there will not be any state or remaining order of the old church.\n               The noble French nation has been publicly fulminated by \"Pulpit Drum Ecclesiastic,\" for Theism; Be it so.\n               In the last Dispensation promised, it is worthy of observation, that all worship and adoration is commanded to be given only unto God, \"for He only is Holy,[\"] Rev: 15.4. And the Lord God of the Prophets sent his Angel to shew unto his Servants the Things which must shortly be done. And I John saw these things, and heard them. And when I had heard and seen, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel, which shewed me these Things. Then saith he unto me, see thou do it not: for I am thy Fellow Servant, and of thy Brethren the Prophets, and of them which keep the sayings of this Book, worship God! Rev: 22.6.8.9. This also is expressly commanded in the 19 chp: and unless we can prove that there are more gods than One, the French nation certainly are not antichristian for solely giving their supreme adoration to the one great eternal Being of boundless Love and immeasurable wisdom: who without Time is Eternal, and without place is Infinite; whose centre is everywhere, but whose circumference or Limits are no where.\n                  N.B. As the Cent or tenth is found to be the perfection in Figures, so the Decade or tenth will also be found to be the completion or fulness in Time.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0126", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Charles Carter, Jr., of Culpeper, 29 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Carter, Charles Jr.\n               I have duly received your letter of the 14th instant.\n               The enclosed to Mr John Lewis, left open for your perusal, will shew what I require for myself, and am willing to do for others.  Do you & he therefore, after full enquiry into facts, point out what this ought to be\u2014and no delay shall be experienced from me.\n               The two hundred pounds for which you endorsed an order upon a Merchant of this place, has been duly paid. The remainder of the money due me for the purchase of the lots (amounting to about two hundred pounds more) I give, as I desired Mr Howell Lewis to inform you to my niece Mrs Carter\u2014And by these presents I confirm the gift.  Give my love to her. With great esteem & regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Obedient Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0128", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 29 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n               The communication, which you made to me sometime ago, of your intention to resign, and to which you refer in your letter of the 27th instant (received yesterday afternoon) I always considered as depending upon events.\n               Of course nothing has been done by me to render your continuance in Office inconvenient or ineligible. On the contrary, I am pleased, that you have determined to remain at your Post until the clouds over our affairs, which have come on so fast of late, shall be dispersed.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0129", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 29 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n               To the best of my recollection I shewed, or turned over to your office, a letter from the Governor of this State, with enclosures, to which the one herewith sent of the 27th refers.  But the parts of the former alluded to in the latter have escaped me. I therefore send it to you, that if any answer thereto, or acting upon either or both is necessary, that you will do it accordingly. I am &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0132", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 29 May 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n                  Gentlemen of the Senate,\n               I nominate John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, to be minister resident of the United States of America, to their High Mightinesses, the States general of the United Netherlands.\n               On the 19 day of Feby 1793 a nomination was made of Edward Fox, as Consul of the United States of America for the port of Falmouth in Great Britain. It now appears that the name of the person, intended to be nominated is Robert Weare Fox.  I therefore nominate the said Robert Weare Fox, to be Consul of the United States of America for the port of Falmouth, in the Kingdom of Great Britain; and for such other parts of the said Kingdom as shall be nearer to the said port, than to the residence of any other Consul or vice Consul of the United States within the same Kingdom.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0134", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Deakins, Jr., 31 May 1794\nFrom: Deakins, William Jr.\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have Just receved a letter from Mr Benja. Jones, he Writes me your Part of the Rents of Woodstock is 4500 lb. Tobo \u214c year. the whole of which is in the hands of the Tenants which he expects to Collect & pay into my hands by August Next. You shall then be Informed the Value of it at this Market.  With Great Respect I am Sir Your Obt Servt\n                  Will. Deakins Junr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0135", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Lee, 31 May 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I informed the Secretary of War since my arrival, that I should devote all the leisure I might have in examining the Western part of the Chesapeake and Hampton-Road, with a view to the preparing for you authentic information on points which, in case of war, will probably engage your attention.\n               I have so done, but my time has not admitted of the minute examination I wished; still I believe my enquiries have been sufficient to substantiate the opinions they have given birth to\u2014If at a future day anything of the sort should be brought into execution, a review will necessarily precede operation.\n               I consider old Point Comfort, without comparison, pre-eminent in its advantages for the protection of the Chesapeak commerce, and it does, in my humble opinion, admit of works capable of certain defense of itself, and at the same time of considerable annoyance to a hostile fleet. Indeed I see no other place which in any degree controuls the entrance into Hampton-Road, which is the only Harbour, within the Chesapeak, convenient to the sea, for a large fleet, and which must always be resorted to by an invading Navy.\n               Old Point-Comfort is 21 miles from Cape Henry, gives, of itself, a safe harbour to all vessels not drawing more than ten feet water, which comprehends a large proportion of the Vessels employed in the West India trade and coasting trade and gives in Hampton-Road a safe harbour to ships of any size and however numerous.\n               The north east winds which prevails in October & September,\n                  only can injure vessels riding in Hampton-Road, In which event Elizabeth river, not more than three miles, and Newport News, about five miles from the centre of the Road, afford Safety\u2014The latter harbour will receive Ships of the line\u2014Elizabeth river will only admit Vessels, drawing under twenty one feet Water. Together they afford protection complete, when the North-east Wind renders the road unsafe.\n               Under the protection of Oldpoint Comfort fortified, our departing Vessels, from the Bay and all its rivers, may lay in safety, until the Wind & other Circumstances invite their sailing; and our returning Vessels\u2014pressed by an enemy, off the capes, may, in a few hours run, enjoy the same good. If this advantageous spot remains unpossessed by us, it will always be occupied by the enemy when in the Chesapeake, they will enjoy its bounty as a harbour, they will use it as a resting place for the collection of information, and while waiting for opportunity to execute in the Bay and view their predatory plans. To deprive the enemy of such an Advantage, would be sufficient compensation of itself for the money which the execution of Works and their support would cost.\n               Counting on the continuance of our Neutrality (which I sincerely pray may be the case) considerable good would daily be experienced from a military port at old point Comfort.\n               Prizes brought into the Chesapeake by the Privateers of France, being confined to this one convenient Spot, until decision was had as to their legality, would put it in the power of the officers of government to execute your instructions relative to Neutrality with dispatch and with convenience to all concerned.\n               Ships of War, belonging to any of the belligerent powers, coming into the Chesapeake being required to fulfil their Views of coming there (which to them would be entirely convenient) could not fail to prevent our fellow Citizens from much of this discord which prevails and will prevail in those seaports, having intercourse with the fleets of the nations at War.\n               Whether we regard old point Comfort as productive of good to ourselves, or of annoyance and injury to our enemies, whenever we shall be so unfortunate as to have enemies, I am conclusively in opinion, that it ought to be held as a port. In peace we shall be amply paid for the expence attending the erection of Works in the manner I have before specified, and in War the\n                  Chesapeake trade must daily feel the want of our possession of this all important spot.\n               No nation can enjoy the blessings of independance without expenditure of the money. The united States must submit to evil unless they will consent to furnish the means of interdicting it. I enclose a draft of the place I have so much commended. It was taken by mr Courty, a French officer formerly, he is a gentleman of discernment in his line and received from me every help to give exactitude to his labours. I think you may consider the draft accurate.\n               You discover whether we have war or not, that I esteem the establishing a Strong tho\u2019 small Work at old Point Comfort entirely proper, almost indispensable.\n               Should we be drove to War, which you So wisely struggle to prevent, then I am of opinion, that additional forts on our Waters will be necessary. The following are the points which I prefer out of the many which claim examination:  Pianketank, York town, West Point, and Flowdry Hundred on James\u2019 river. I omit the upper part of the Bay, Elizabeth river and Potowmack as they are in a manner provided for by law.\n               Pianketank is distant from Cape Henry from 50 to 60 miles, lies close to the mouth of Rappahannock, in the direct route from Potowmac and Baltimore, and affords a convenient harbour to vessels belonging to those rivers and the upper Bay where they may wait going out until a proper opportunity offers.\n               It may so happen in war, that these Vessels attempting to reach Old point Comfort may be intercepted, therefore do I consider this second place necessary.\n               To all vessels returning from sea, bound up the two mentioned rivers, and the Bay, Pianketank is more convenient than old point Comfort, and in case of pursuit if cut off from the one they may reach the other and there be safe.\n               After you enter the mouth of Pianketank your water is from 4 to 5 fathom, the harbour safe and easily defended and contiguous to a few populous counties, whose militia would be at hand to reinforce the Garrison. Vessels which draw more than 3\u00bd fathom cannot enter into this Harbour: this is sufficient for all our trading vessels, and no force above a Frigate can attempt to molest them.\n               Your own intimate knowledge of York town preclude many\n                  observations which I should otherwise hazard. I will only add you carry to this harbour 5\u00bd fathom Water.\n               West-point, which is at the confluence of the two rivers which form York river and about 30 miles above York-town, strikes me as one of the maritime spots most worthy of governmental attention. It is true it cannot like old Point Comfort controul Hampton Road, or give immediately a safe harbour to our vessels pressed by the enemy on their return from sea as is offered by old Point Comfort, York town and Pianketank, but in another way is highly beneficial\u2014It affords a safe harbour for all our commercial vessels, is the most proper place for a depot of naval stores because it may be made impregnable and is situated near the heart of the Country, not more than one days ride from the Metropolis and very convenient to the seas as well as to all parts of the Chesapeake navigation. With a View therefore to ultimate safety in the course of a difficult War to our trading Vessels and to the formation of an Arsenal as safe as the force of the Country can make a place I look at West Point as combining all the requisites to be desired.\n               It is not convenient to the shipping of James\u2019 River and therefore is it that I have noticed Flowdry Hundred.\n               This port is represented to me by those who know it well to be distant from the Capes 90 miles and from Old point Comfort 70 miles. It will admit of Vessels drawing 19 feet water, will conveniently contain 50 or 60 sail of large ships, is safe from ice, which is an important Consideration, and safe from Worms which affect all the defensible Waters below, and convenient to the militia South of James\u2019 river.\n               I have not seen the place and therefore cannot say whether sufficient fortifications may be easily erected for its defence, but from the best description I have obtained am inclined to think they may.\n               As a convenient Dock Yard, this place is highly commended, having the advantage of Gosport in respect to suitability of tide for heaving down ships. This is a subject I am not acquainted with, but I feel it proper to mention every Circumstance communicated to me relavant to the Character of the spot I am describing.\n               It results from what I have said, if my observations are just, that Old point Comfort, york town, and Pianketank may be\n                  converted into great use to our shipping in case of War; that Old point Comfort in peace ought to be possessed; and that, with York town, it will afford convenient harbours to our ships of War. That for all the other purposes, which a maratime nation must attend to, West Point is particularly fitted so far as Virginia is interested, and that Flowdry Hundred offers a convenient and safe site for James River.\n               The Works will be safe in times of Peace when entrusted to the militia relieved every three months, provided that although the troops are changed the officer should continue. The duty imposed on the militia would not be heavy and would tend to dicipline them and the continuance of the officer will secure all the good to the public flowing from judicious appointment, which would be lost if militia officers in rotine were intrusted.\n               You will find subjoined, in mr Courty\u2019s draft, the plan of a fort suggested by him as adapted to Old point Comfort.\n               I believe it will be found on closer investigation, that nine Guns will suffice as the tide runs with vast rapidity, and the Vessel having past your front line of fire, quickly gets out of reach and consequently that your right battery will be rendered useless.\n               This is my own observation and may not be founded, as I have not reflected much upon it. Admitting fifteen for the sea the expence will not be great.\n               The land defence may be made very stout with proper exertions. I recollect in reading letters which passed between Sir Henry Clinton and Earl Cornwallis relative to their operations in 1781, that old Point Comfort was examined with a View to its fortification as a Harbour and place of Arms and that on report of the Engineer his Lordship declined the business. The Engineer was of opinion, that it could not be made capable of resisting a Fleet.  I mention this authority as I wish you to be thoroughly informed and as I know my own inferiority of Judgement. Yet I must confess great as is the respect due to the opinion quoted I must adhere to the sentiments before expressed.\n               West Point I learn admits of 3\u00bd fathom Water. This shall be ascertained when necessary\u2014It is subject to Worms at the spot but up the rivers which from that point the vessels may proceed to fresh Water and therefore may be safe from Worms.\n               I have not been so full as I intended when I took up my\n                  pen owing to a very painful face in consequence of my late Water excursion for the purpose of examining the Virginia Chesapeak.\n               You may suppose that it is requiring too much to ask the Fortifications of the several places mentioned\u2014But you know how this state is intersected with navigable rivers and how convenient her towns and farms are consequently to a naval Enemy.\n               I see no way of securing us from being plundered by every Adventurer which bids so fair to the common tranquility and at so small expence\u2014It always contributes very much to my satisfaction to be useful to you and at the present crisis when your patriot labours to save our common Country from the Scourge of War seems to be opposed as well by the internal folly and wickedness, as by foreign lust for gold, it would be doubly pleasing to me to contribute in the smallest degree to the success of your administration. I have &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0136", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 31 May 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of state has the honor of informing the President of the United States, that, having already accounted to him for the sum of thirteen thousand, two hundred dollars, destined for the relief of such of the exiles from St Domingo, as resided in the United States, he has offered the remaining eighteen hundred dollars, as follows: six hundred to Pennsylvania, which have been accepted: six hundred to Baltimore, which have been accepted: five hundred to New-York, which were said not to be necessary, and one hundred to Delaware, which were also unnecessary.  Hence the sum of six hundred dollars are deposited in the bank, liable to be disposed of, as the President shall choose, for the further relief of the inhabitants of St Domingo.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0139", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 1 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Commissioners for the District of Columbia\n                  Philadelphia June 1st 1794.\n               I had hopes, and at one time strong expectation, that Congress would have closed their Session before this; and that other matters would have permitted my proposed visit to Mount Vernon about the time of your meeting in the Federal City; which (by a letter from Mr Carroll), I understood was appointed to be on the 5th of this month.\n               In this expectation I have been disappointed. Congress are still in session, and it is not clear to me that they will rise this week. After which business of a public nature may, and probably will detain me in this City some days. This being the case, I decide now, to take the No. West quarter of square 21 (offered to me in your letter of the 23d of April); and presuming it was meant I should pay the same for this, as for the No. Et quarter, I enclose 266\u2154 dollars; being the amount of the first payment, for both.\n               For the reasons mentioned to you in my letter of the 27th of April, I should have been better pleased if I could have got the So. East in place of the No. West quarter of this square; and if you could, conveniently, and with propriety (for I do not know to whom it belongs, or under what circumstances it is), make the exchange\u2014or obtain it by purchase (at or about the price of the others[)], it would oblige me. If by purchase, I mean notwithstanding, to retain the No. West quarter also. In short, it being my purpose to build on this sqr. if by some arrangements which I have in contemplation, I can obtain the means, I should have no objection, but on the contrary would wish, to possess myself of the whole square, that I might have space enough for my plan, be the design of it what it may.\n               Not being without hope that I may yet see you before August, I shall not in this letter, more than in my former of the 27th of April, touch the subject which was then postponed.  With esteem & regard I am\u2014Gentn Yr Most Obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0141", "content": "Title: From George Washington to James Germain, 1 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Germain, James\n                  Philadelphia June 1st 1794\n               An honest man\u2014a man attentive to his duty\u2014and one who discharges the trust reposed in him with activity, zeal and integrity fears neither the inspecting eye, nor the chiding remarks\n                  of his Employer; because he feels something within him, that tells him, that the first measure is dictated by that prudence wch ought to govern all men who commits a trust to another\u2014and that such a conduct as I have described above will be an effectual shield against the latter.\n               On the other hand\n               a dishonest man\u2014one who is indolent, inattentive & careless; fond of company, pleasure & perhaps liquor, is always uneasy under restraints, and averse to a<ll> checks; and for the best reason (as it respects himself) in the world, for checks & enquiries will discover, if it does not prevent his knavery, and shew how unworthy he is to be entrusted.\n               There are some men, not intenti[on]ally dishonest, who, notwithstanding, do as much injury to those who employ them as if they were really rogues, and in several ways\u2014such for instance, as entrusting that to others which was intended for themselves only to perform thereby affording opportunities to persons in whom no confidence is placed, and where there is no responsibility, to help themselves to wh<at>ever they can filch with impunity, and ca<r>ry off without detection.\n               2d By inattention and carelessness in suffering things to be wasted & destroyed in the family which might, and ought to have been prevented.\n               3d By providing more for the use of that family (especially in the article of provisions) than is really necessary fo<r> the purposes for which they are designed\u2014and particularly from not seeing tha<t> that which is provided, be set of, and turned to the greatest advantage, and not suffered to spoil\u2014be misapplied\u2014or taken away by the Servants without leave.\n               4th By not seeing that the Servants are always in their places\u2014that they are sober\u2014and attentive to the duties which are assigned to them; and by not preventing, as much as possible, the breakage of China, glasses & other brittle wares\u2014the bruising, and other abuses of the Silver & other things of a similar kind though of lesser value\u2014& by hiring jobbers, too frequently, to do things which might well be done without.\n               5th By not being sufficiently impressed with the magnitude of an evil which is not less pernicious because it is a common one\u2014and that is\u2014not attending to small as well as to greater matters. There is an old Scotch adage, than which none in the\n                  whole catalogue of them is more true, or more worthy of being held in remembrance\u2014viz.\u2014\"that many mickles make a muckle\" indicating that however trifling a thing may be in itself, when it stands alone, yet, when they come to be multipl<yed> they mount high which serves to prove, that nothing, however trifling, ought to be wasted that can be saved\u2014nor bought if you can do well without it.\n               Having expressed these general ideas to you, it remains for me to add, in a more particular manner, what it is that I expect from your Stewardship.\n               In the first place I am to inform you, that all the Liquors\u2014the groceries\u2014and other shop articles of consequence, will be laid in by my Secretary.\n               Trifling articles, which are only wanted occasionally, will be provided by yourself. Provisions, and other articles of daily consumption, which are purchased in the common markets you are to provide on Market days, or at such othe<r> times & places as occasion may require. And that you may be enabled to do it on the best terms, find out the most respectable characters in the different lines that supply them and let these be the persons with whom you deal principally\u2014taking care always that you receive full weight, full measure, or full count of all that you pay for & that it is brought home without diminutio<n>.\n               From Mr Dandridge you will obtain money to defray my expences, & with him you are to settle your accounts, weekly, enumerating in a book to be kept for that purpose, the species, & quantity (with the price <fixed> to it) of every article that is bou<ght>; and the day it was bought. and where receipts can be taken to lay them before him. Ready money is to be paid for everything you purchase. I want no credit\u2014and am averse to after reckonings.\n               The multiplicity of my public duties leaves me but little leisure to suggest domestic arrangements\u2014to look into <the> \u0153c<onomy> of the family\u2014or to inspect the articles which are provided for its support. For this reason I require that <you w>ould advise with Mrs Washington on these several points & be governed by her <di>rections. My general id<eas> on this subject are shortly thes<e>. 1st that my table <s>hall be handsomely but not extravagantly furnished on the days that company is en<t>ertained. 2d that a decent but econom<ical> board be spread at other times. And 3d that my domestics sh<d> be plentifully fed at all times with what\n                  is wholesome & proper <beyond> which <nei>ther in quantity nor quality you are no<t> to go; nor suffer them to carry anythin<g> away from the h<ous>e unless they have permission so to do.\n               Whatever remains after these purposes are served, and is not necessa<ry> for another day, I would have given to the poor and needy housekeepers in the <neigh>bourhood who may want & would <not> a<pply> for it.\n               As we never have suppers, nor sudden calls for extra dinners, it can be <no> difficult matter to ascertain, with certainty to what my expences (agreeably to the <illegible>ing mode of living) may be reduced; an<d> as it is essential I should know it that I <may> govern myself accordingly my desire is that precise and particular pains be ta<ken> to accomplish this. The morning is the proper season for marketing\u2014Le<t> it be a rule therefore to go thither early and knowing your wants, provide accordingly every article of which, and all the expenditures of the day are to be entered in a book as before directed; which book is, the succeeding morning, immediately after I rise from Breakfast (& before the Officers of Government are coming in) to be laid before me that I may see what the expences of the preceeding day has been. The weekly account, as you have been informed before, is to be settled at the end of it, with my Secretary\u2014Mr Dandridge\u2014And as the Provisions for the day will be brought in before Breakfast, they may, when Mrs Washington rises from it, be shewn to her.\n               Let the Cellars, and other places of deposit be cleaned out, & put in proper order for the reception & safe keeping of the Provisions of every species which are laid in & the keys therof kept by you, or the Housekeeper and not a single article delivered thence but by one or the other & the purpose known.\n               To prevent clashing, in any of the duties which are to be performed by the Steward and Housekeeper, it will be proper for you and Mrs Emmerson to arrange them between you, and aid (rather than counteract or thwart) each other in the duties of your respective functions.\n               To add that the yard, around the Houses, the Corners in which dirt collects, &ca should be kept clean, can scarcely be necessary, because health as well as decency requires this. N<or> can it be necessary I hope to guard you against a practice which not only adds to the expence but is productive of other evils\u2014I mean introducing company t<o> your tables.\n               I mean to be thus particular and exact (and you are informed of <it> beforehand) because my household expences hitherto, have run so much beyond all calculation that I am resolved to discover the cause, which according to my conception, must proceed from on<e> or other of the following\u2014either that I am charged for things that have never been got, at least to the amount, or if got, from their not having been applied to advantage\u2014or lastly, from waste, or being borne off again, after they have been brought into the house; which is not unlikely, as every one seems to have access to them. The first (if it has been practiced) is nothing short of shear roguery; and the others, disreputable to any one who is entrusted with the managemt of the concerns of another; being equally injurious; for it is of little signification to the sufferer, whether he is cheated by the person or persons in whom he places a confidence, or by others through their inattention, & want of care. Nor in my opinion is there any difference in the criminality, as it respects themselves\u2014the trust being equally violated; as the damage which they are employed to guard against is the same.\n               In consideration of your performing these services\u2014and in full expectation of your paying particular attention to the Cookery seeing that every thing appertaining to it is conducted in a handsome style, but without waste or extravagence I agree to allow you fifty guineas a year\u2014and if I find myself much benefited by your skill, attention and \u0153conomy, it may be an inducement to me to add something more to it after sufficient & satisfactory proofs shall have appeared of these facts.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0142", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 1 June 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               It is with great pain I submit the enclosed letters from Major Roberts, and Captain Freeman giving information of the recent disturbances and appearances of war which have arisen on the\n                  frontiers of Georgia.  The protection of the frontiers by Militia, appears to be the certain mean of bringing on a war which the U.S. are desirous of avoiding. It seems however indispensible that these communications should be laid before Congress, but whether with a special message, or a simple communication by me, requires some consideration. For this purpose I shall wait upon you tomorrow Morni[n]g.\n               I also submit two other letters, one from the Govr of Virginia, and the other the Governor of Maryland.  I am Sir respectfully Your obt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0143", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Monroe, 1 June 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Washington, George\n               I was presented yesterday evening by Mr Randolph with the commission of Minister for the French republick, which you were pleas\u2019d with the approbation of the Senate, to confer on me. As I had previously intimated to him in consequence of a conversation I had with him the day before the nomination was presented, that I would accept this trust, I have only now to request that you will consider me as ready to embark in the discharge of its duties, as soon as I shall be honored with your commands, and a suitable passage can be procured for myself & family to that country.\n               In accepting this very distinguished mark of your confidence I should do injustice to my own feelings, if I did not express to you the particular obligation it has conferrd on me, and assure you of the zeal with which I shall endeavour to discharge the duties of so high a trust in a manner that may justify the Executive in committing it to me. On that zeal but more especially on the councils which will direct my conduct, I rely as the resources, which are to supply the inadequacy of my abilities to a station at all times important, and at the present crisis peculiarly arduous and delicate. Be assured it will be my study and will give me the highest gratification, to have it in my power to promote by my mission the interest of my country, and the honor and credit of your administration which I deem inseperably connected with it. I have the honor to be sir with sentiments of the highest respect & esteem yr most obt & very humble servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0144", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 1 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n                  Philadelphia June 1st 1794\n               I am glad to find by your letter of the 27th ulto that you had had some good rains, previous to the date of it.  Those rains, with such as have followed since, may give a very different appearance both to your Oats & flax; & may enliven, & push forward the Corn and B. Wheat; but I fear much for any grass that may have been cut, there having been no weather to cure it (in this part of the Country at least) these ten days.\n               I am sorry to perceive, that amongst all your other unfavourable prospects, that little is to be expected from the White bent grass\u2014the seeds of which I sent you last Spring.  Endeavor, however, to save all the Seed you can from it, in like manner as you were requested, with the other experimental grasses, in the Vineyard; my little garden, &ca.\n               If the drilled wheat is not much forwarder tha[n] the common Wheat, there must have been an imposition in the seed; for the ripening of it three weeks before the common sort, is a fact that is well ascertained.\n               The deception with respect to the Potatoes (210 instead of 418 bushls) is of a piece with other practices of a similar kind, by which I have suffered hitherto; and may serve to evince to you, in strong colours, first how little confidence can be placed in any one around you; and secondly the necessity of an accurate inspection into these things yourself. for to be plain, Alexandria is such a recepticle for every thing that can be filched from the right owners, by either blacks or whites, and I have such an opinion of my Negros (two or three only excepted); and not much better of some of the whites\u2014that I am perfectly sure not a single thing that can be disposed of at any price, at that place, that will not, and is not, stolen, where it is possible; and carried thither to some of the underling shopkeepers, who support themselves by this kind of traffick.\n               I am really concerned that the Potatoes have fallen so much short of expectation; and if I could have had any fore knowledge of it, instead of disposing of what there was, in Corn grd, I should have given them to the lots wch were intended for clover; as I conceive nothing is a better preparative for this crop, than Potatoes. As you have them not\u2014and know the object for which these lots are designed\u2014I leave it to you to manage them as shall seem best in your own judgment, to effect end in view.\n               It is not longer ago than last year (if my memory has not greatly failed me) that I paid, in this City, 40 or 50/ for the Turnip seed I sent to Mount Vernon, & to have no Seed there now is, too be sure, extraordinary; but as these things serve to shew you how I have been imposed upon, & to what expences I have been run for want of common care & attention, so I persuade myself, they will induce your exertions to avoid the like in future.\n               If you can get the price mentd in your letter for the midlings & Ship stuff take it. I am\u2014Yr friend &ca\n                  P.S. Mr Douglass is a person I am not acquainted with\u2014He may be as able to fulfil a contract as any in Alexandria for ought I know to the contrary\u2014but prudent precaution to have the money secured\u2014and at the time it is engaged is not amiss.\n                  When I wrote you last, I had expectation of being at Mount Vernon by the 10th of this month; but now I have not nor can I with certainty say when it will be\u2014probably\u2014not before the last of the Month. yrs", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0145", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 2 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n               Gentlemen of the Senate and of the House of Representatives.\n               I send you certain communications, recently received from Georgia, which materially change the prospect of affairs in that quarter, and seem to render a war with the Creek Nations more probable than it has been at any antecedent period.  While the attention of Congress will be directed to the consideration of measures suited to the exigency, it cannot escape their observation, that this intelligence brings a fresh proof of the insufficiency of the existing provisions of the laws, towards the effectual cultivation and preservation of peace with our Indian neighbours.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0146", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Arthur Young, 2 June 1794\nFrom: Young, Arthur\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Board of Agriculture London June 2. 1794\n               I should have done myself the honour of answering Your Excellency\u2019s letter more fully than was in my power by the farmers I recommended to you, long since, but I waited to be able to transmit the second edition with large additions of my Travels. I now have that pleasure, & shall be happy if the book is honoured with a place in your library.\n               The doubts you were pleased to express as to the propriety of applying to me on the subject of the farms you had to let, were founded in great delicacy of sentiment, but there is nothing in the laws of England or in the practice of her government which can occasion the least hesitation on the subject. Immediately on the receipt of it I made every enquiry that could probably be attended with effect; and I have continued those enquiries to the present time; but I am very sorry to inform you that except those farmers I gave a letter to none would listen to hiring in America tho\u2019 very many were eager to become proprietors there. The acquisition of land in fee is indeed one of the principal inducements which instigate so many men to remove from this country to America.\n               I have examined & reflected on the plan of your farms & the description which you have given of them, & they seem to me to have been laid out & distributed with great judgment; and that the only drawback is the stock of negroes, wch from motives that ought for ever to do honour to your feelings you are so assiduous to keep in their envied situation; I do not know enough of America to understand fully the effect of such a clause, but apparently it must have its difficulties. Foreigners just ariving in the country are less likely perhaps than others to object; & I was glad to find that the men I recommended to you did not seem to raise any objections on that point.\n               there is a passage in your letter which precludes my taking any publick step to procure such tenants as you describe, otherwise I have little doubt but I should be able to effect what seems so much to be your wish; the assignment of the live stock is a tempting circumstance to men whose capital is not very large, & was nearly persuading one party, who however changed their\n                  mind after ariving at Londo[n] on becoming acquainted with a person who had lands in the back country to sell at a cheap rate.\n               It is unnecessary to assure you that I will omit no enquiries after proper persons & should the farms be already lett it will not occasion any inconvenience to such as are going where the major number go, to the central States.\n               It is not easy for me to express how much I am indebted to you for the continuation you have favoured me with of intelligence concerning the central States you have in the whole procured for me such a mass of valuable knowledge that I know no description I ever read of any country that comes nearly equal to it. If I had your permission to publish that series of information in the Annals with observations drawing the intelligence to one point I should suppose a stream of emigration would flow from this country: for myself I am at present fixed but how long I may be so is quite uncertain\u2014from public appearances at present in Europe there does not seem much hope to be placed on any thing with stability and America seems the last resource, and heaven preserve it the best, for those who wish a secure tranquility.\n               One observation I must make on your wish to let your farms\u2014Surely one sheep per acre, would pay you the rent you ask of a dollar?  And that such land as you describe would keep 2 or 3 through the year if laid to grasses cannot be doubted. The land would at the same time be in a constant state of improvement, & no buildings or expences except a very little labour, necessary.\n               If I can execute any commissions for you, or assist any person coming to England, & you will signify yr Commands I hope you are assured that I shall at all times be most happy in the opportunity I am much obliged to you for making me known to so sensible & well informed a gentleman as Mr Lear.  I have the Honour to remain With every sentiment of Respect and Gratitude Sr Your Excellency\u2019s Much O[b]liged & faithful", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0147", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Furnival, 3 June 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Furnival, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from Alexander Furnival, 3 June 1794. An entry of 6 June in GW\u2019s journal of proceedings reads in part: \"Sent to the Secy. of war a letter from Alexr. Furnival, dated Baltimore 3d. June. on the subject of the sale of ground at that place to erect fortifications on\" (JPPDorothy Twohig, ed. The Journal of the Proceedings of the President, 1793\u20131797. Charlottesville, Va., 1981., 307).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0148", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Newton, 3 June 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Newton, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from Thomas Newton, Jr., 3 June 1794. On 11 June, GW \"Put into the hands of the Secry. of State a letter from Thos. Newton Junr. dated Norfolk June 3d. 1794. on the subject of the application of a sum raised by subscription in that place for the relief of Amr. Captives in Algiers\" (JPPDorothy Twohig, ed. The Journal of the Proceedings of the President, 1793\u20131797. Charlottesville, Va., 1981., 308). On 19 June, Secretary of State Edmund Randolph wrote Newton \"to acknowledge the receipt of your letter to the President of the United States.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0150", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to reply to your Letter of the 29th of May, on the subject of the Million of dollars granted by the Act of the 20 of March last.\n               As a day or two must determine the question of the fund, and will probably produce the requisite disposition concerning it\u2014measures may be taken provisionally on that supposition. I therefore send here with the draft of a power for making the loan to be executed if approved.\n               The President, if I understand rightly the concluding part of his letter, is desirous of knowing whether a loan could not be engaged conditionally, to take effect when the occasion of employing the money shall occur.\n               I could not promise myself that this would be found practicable. Neither Banks nor Individuals would be willing to hold so large a sum suspended upon a contingency; at least without a considerable premium for the purpose.\n               The principal question therefore is\u2014shall an absolute loan of the sum be immediately made?  To this there is the strong objection of it\u2019s being entirely uncertain when the money will be wanted for employment.\n               Perhaps it may be found most adviseable to take the following course\u2014(vizt) to lodge in Holland, power to make a loan of Eight hundred thousand Dollars, to be set on foot when the person who is charged with the negotiation with Algiers shall direct it\u2014he to be instructed not to cause the loan to be entered upon \u2019till a probable prospect of treating successfully with Algiers opens\u2014the power of borrowing the residue to be reserved for exercise here as occasion shall require. This division is proposed upon the consideration that a part of the sum is & may be necessary for other purposes than the Algierine business. Mr Jay\u2019s mission is an example.\n               This course while it avoids the incurring of expense which may be useless, and that for an indeterminate period, puts the thing in a train to give a more expeditious command of the money than if it were to wait, after a prospect of negotiation opens, for communication here & operations from hence.\n               It is possible, that a premium not exceeding two per Cent, may obtain an engagement in Holland to furnish the loan when wanted on certain specified terms. Those of the last loan are the best that can be expected under present circumstances, namely 5 pr Cent Interest & 5 per Cent charges.  This, if thought adviseable, may be attempted.\n               The permanent removal of Mr Short to Madrid indicates the expediency of constituting his successor in Holland agent for future loans. An instruction of the President on this head is requested.  With perfect respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0151", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               Upon receipt of the communication to you from the Governor of Pennsylvania of the 18 of April last, I put that letter and the papers attending it into the hands of the Commissioner of the Revenue to examine into the suggestions made & report to me concerning them.\n               The result is contained in a letter from that Officer dated the 25 of April, (which hurry of business put out of sight) and which is now communicated only for the information of the President, as the case does not seem to require any particular reply to the Governor; nor any act upon the subject\u2014and the exhibition to him of the picture, which I believe is justly drawn of the conduct of Mr Addison & others, would perhaps only excite useless irritation.\n               The removal of either of the officers objected to, after the persecution they have suffered and the perseverance they have displayed, would be a hazardous step\u2014and a suspicion is warranted by the conduct of the parties that it may have been recommended with an insidious view.  Experience however may better explain in a little time whether any concession on that point will be expedient\u2014in which case some means of indemnifying the officer or officers who should be removed would be demanded both by justice & policy. With perfect respect &c.\n                  Alexander Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0152", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edward Hand, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Hand, Edward\nTo: Washington, George\n               As nothing could give me so much pain of mind as even An Apprehension that any part of my conduct might be viewed in an unfavourable light by you, and as it is possible you may be informed of the negative Ansr I find myself however reluctantly, obliged to give to a question very lately put to me, without being at the same time acquainted with the reasons which influenced me; I take the liberty of explaining myself on the Subject, and at the same time entreating that, you will have the goodness to pardon the intrusion.\n               It is true the communication was made in confidence, but I cannot think that imparting it to you Sir can be deemed a breach of that confidence.\n               It is as follows\n               \"I beg to be informed by first opertunity whether you will accept the Office of Supervisor to move to Philadelphia, Mr Clymer being about to resign.\"\n               Now Sir altho it would be extremely flattering to me to suppose I enjoyed so much of your confidence & that of the Senate of the United States as to put the Alternative in my power & tho I must confess the Emoluments are Adequate to the Services to be rendered, and would be highly convenient to me if it was possible for me to do the duties of the Office without being Obliged to reside constantly in Philada, I am however aware that a removal to that City with my Family would be a measure ruinous to them & me\u2014first, it would derange all my little plans of Subsistence here, and deprive me of the small Aid my practice brings to\n                  industry of another nature, in the next place, at the present enormous rate of House-rent in the City, it would take nearly the whole of the Salary to pay House & Office rent & Compensate a good Clerk, and leave me to Struggle with the maintenance & other incidental expences of a large Family, an expence indeed which my finances will not admit of\u2014I therefore humbly trust that you will attribute my hesitation on this Occasion, to its true motive, necessity, and that you will be pleased to credit me when I assure you most solemnly that, as it always has so it ever shall be my most earnest desire to serve the U.S. to the utmost of my Ability. with sentiments of gratitude & the most profound respect\u2014I have the honor to be Sir your most obedt & most hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0153", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n               I Received your letter of the 25th of May the Cause of your drilled wheat and I[n]deed the whole Crop being so bad\u2014Must have been from the long Drought last fall which prevented a Great Deal from Coming up and I beleive what did Come up did not Git soficient Strength to stand the winters frost\u2014and what did live through the winter was Very much Injured this spring by the long dry spell we had\u2014we have now rain In Great abundance the Ground Is so wet we have not been able to touch our Corn feilds this 4 days past this Seasonable Spell has made the oats Flax & Buck wheat Look thriveing and Cleaver and I am in hopes thare will be a Tollarable Crop But it Come too late for the Clover.\n               Your sheep have no doubt Degenerated a Great deal and no stock Is so apt to do it as sheep with out the Greatest Care, and one Reason of your sheep Giting so bad Is I beleive from killing and Selling the Best forward Ewe lambs and keep\u2019g the Latter small ones to breed from\u2014and not Culling out the old ones In\n                  time\u2014but I have reason to beleive that thare Is a distempr a Mongst them for they keep Dieing yet\u2014I have Culled them all over and taken the rams & culls and put them In a feild Seperate from the rest and will Leave none to be wintered but those that Look healthy and are likely to be brought through the winter well.\n               I informed you In My last letter of the fruit Trees and thorn plants Comeing to hand, and it was Very luckey that it happend In so Seasonable a time they are Some of them buding out & I am In hopes a great many of them will live.\n               I also Informd you In My last letter of the flour being sold the wet weather has prevented Its all being deliverd. I have sold the Midlings and ship stuff the first for 12/6 \u214c cwt & the latter for 9/6 pr cwt & to pay for the Barrells.  I am Sir with the Greatest Respect your Humble Servt\n                  William Pearce", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0154", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n               In reading your letter that I Recevd this Evening I find you have advised me to take good security for the flour\u2014I did Intend to mention to you that he has Given me Alexander Smyth as one of the Indorsers and Jams Duglass for the other and I am Told by Doctor Craik and Several others that the Security is good. I am Sir with the greatest respect You[r] Huml. Servt\n                  William Pearce\n                  P.S. I am not sure wheathr I mentiond this In my Letter of the 27th.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0155", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n               On the 28th May I received (via Wilmington) a letter from Mr Samuel Hodgdon enclosing an invoice and bill of lading of sundry ordnance and military stores shipped by him on board the brig Noah\u2019s Ark Captain Skinner and to be delivered at Wilmington to me or my order.  As soon as I received Mr Hodgdons letter I wrote to Coll Read the Collector of Wilmington and requested that he would be so obliging as to receive them and have them safely stored till I should receive further instructions what was to be done with them, or untill some person should be appointed whose duty it would be to take charge of them.\n               The Secretary of war in his letter of the 24th April enclosed me a copy of the invoice and informed me that they had been shipped but as nothing more was said upon the subject I expected that they had been directed to the care of some person at Wilmington.\n               If the sea Coast carriage is to be made use of for mounting the cannon of the fort on Beacon island it will be necessary that a model should be sent, as the one at Wilmington will be of no use on that occasion there being little or no intercourse by water between any of the ports that communicate to the sea thro\u2019 Occacock and that place, so that an opportunity of having it shipped from thence to Occacock might not happen within twelve months.\n               From the information I have received respecting the public cannon, since I informed you of those of Edenton, I find there is but a twelve pounder at Swansborough and one twelve and one eighteen pounder at Wilmington none of them mounted.\n               Mr Martinon having completed his plans and estimate of the fort to be erected on Beacon island has gone on to Wilmington to fix on the place for erecting the fort on Cape Fear river. As he has sent on copies of his plans and estimate to the Secretary of war it is not necessary for me to say anything upon the subject.\n               I have recommended to Mr Martinon that after he has completed his plans & put the superintendant in a proper way of building the fort on Cape Fear River he had best then alternately visit each fort that he might from time to time have an eye over each and see that the superintendants went on agreable to his plans and instructions. if the revenue cutter could convey him backwards and forwards it would be a great saving of time and perhaps of expence to the United States. The run is but short from the new inlet to Beaufort and from thence thro the sound to Occacock. the distance from where fort Johnston stood to this place by land is 130 miles and from hence to the bar 90 miles. I am with respect sr &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0158", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 5 June 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  War department June 5th 1794\n               The Secretary of War respectfully reports the following matters and things arising out of the Acts passed the present session, as necessary to be performed within the Department of War, in addition to those specified in a report on the 10th of April 1794.\n               First. The execution of the law for the fortification of Annapolis, about which some previous measures have been taken.\n               Second. The raising the corps of the Artillerists and Engineers.\n               Third. Any regulation which may be necessary in pursuance of the laws for detaching eighty thousand militia.\n               Fourth. The completion of the naval arrangements, such as\n               1. Deciding on the sizes of the frigates.\n               2. Deciding on the places at which they shall be built.\n               3. The execution of the law relatively to gallies.\n               To these are to be added the measures necessary to be taken with respect to the south western frontiers.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0159", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 5 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of State has the honor of reporting to the President of the United States upon the Laws of the present session of Congress, That the following are memoranda of all the Laws yet printed.\n               1. The alteration of the flag.\n               2. The relief of the Inhabitants of St Domingo\u2014what remains to be executed is to obtain a credit with the French Republic; with which Mr Monroe will be charged.\n               3.\tRelief of Thomas Jenkins.\n               4.\tAlteration of the Mint Law.\n               5.\tRemission of Duties of French Vessels.\n               6.\tAppropriation-Law.\n               7.\tForeign intercourse\u2014The President has called upon the Secretary of the Treasury to arrange this.\n               8.\tLoan of a Million of Dollars\u2014The President has given powers for this purpose.\n               9.\tThe defence of the Ports and Harbors. This is understood to have been provided for by the President.\n               10. Appropriations for the War Department.\n               11. Prohibiting the slave trade.\n               12. Providing a naval armament. This is understood to have been settled by the President.\n               13. Payment to Major General La Fayette\u2014The Secretary of the Treasury has been requested to forward the money to Mr Pinckney.\n               14. Erecting arsenals. In war Department.\n               15. Relief of Stephen Paranque.\n               16. Jurisdiction of the f\u0153deral courts.\n               17. Change of place for holding Congress\u2014Eventual power in the President.\n               19. Relief of Leffert Lefferts.\n               20. Authorizing Ephraim Kimberly to locate a Land Warrant\u2014At a future day, the President may grant a patent.\n               21. Destroyed Certificates.\n               22. Colonel Tousard.\n               23. Post-Office\u2014The appointment of a Post-Master on the first of June.\n               24. Prohibiting exportation of Arms.\n               25. Lighthouses on Cape Hatteras &c. The President is to approve certain contracts of the Secretary of the Treasury.\n               26. Remission of Duties to Elliott &c.\n               27. Anapolis Harbor to be fortified. The President to direct this to be done.\n               28. Detachments of the Militia. This Law is to be executed by the President.\n               29. Corps of Artillerists. The President is to direct the execution of this\n               30. Lighthouse in Maine. The like steps to be taken by the President as in No. 25.\n               31. Adjournment of Courts.\n               32. Fulwar Skipwith. The President to cause payment.\n               33. Relief of Reuben Smith &c.\n               So that the attention of the President is not called to any of the preceding laws, except\n               No. 3\u2014Destined for Colo. Monroe\n               7\u2014Already settled, as far as it can be.\n               8. Already executed by the President.\n               9. For the War-Department.\n               12. For the War-Department.\n               14. For the War-Department.\n               17. Eventual for the President; but not yet required.\n               20. Eventual for the President; but not yet required.\n               23. To appoint a Post-Master.\n               25. For the Secretary of the Treasury.\n               27. For the War-Department.\n               28. For the War-Department.\n               29. For the War-Department.\n               30. For the Treasury Department\n               32. For the Department of State.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0160", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 6 June 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               The letter to General Wayne herewith submitted being of great importance I concluded it ought not to be transmitted until you had full time to consider its contents, and to approve or disapprove the same or direct alterations therein.  Opportunities will occur in the beginning of next week for its transmission. I have the honor to be respectfully your Obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0161", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 7 June 1794\nFrom: Commissioners for the District of Columbia\nTo: Washington, George\n                  City of Washington June 7th 1794\n               Having many reasons for wishing an interview with you at this meeting we cannot but express our regret at the Circumstances which have prevented it.\n               We have the pleasure to inform you that it will be in our power from the Arrangements we have made with Mr Peter, the Proprietor of the Square on which your lots lie to accomodate you agreeably to your desire with the whole Square.\n               The indisposition of Mr Johnsons family prevents his meeting us at present; as there are many matters which require the\n                  consideration of a full board in a short time we have fixed on the 20th of this month for that purpose. we are with great respect Your obedt Servts", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0162", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 7 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n               I approve of the plan proposed in your letter of the 4 inst. namely, that a power for making a loan of 800,000 dollars be lodged in Holland, to be used at the time specified in that letter. When the business of Algiers is arranged, it will be seen, whether it be proper to give the premium of two per cent for an engagement to have the loan ready when it is wanted. The remaining 200,000 dollars may be reserved for the other purposes of foreign intercourse.\n               I presume that the power, which you design for Mr Adams, will be of the same kind with that formerly given to his predecessor Mr Short. I wish you to have the two powers prepared in conformity wlth this letter.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0163", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Mrs. William Osborne, 7 June 1794\nFrom: Osborne, Mrs. William\nTo: Washington, George\n               Since the death of my husband William Osburn, your late Servant, Certain circumstances have happened which make it necessary for me to address you; hoping your known Character for justice and equity will excuse the liberty I take, as I am a poor Widow, and in, (to me) a strange Country\u2014Without farther intruding on your time, I shall briefly relate my situation.\n               When I returned from Bushhill Hospital, I applied to your steward, (Mr Fraunces) and demanded from him, my husbands Cloaths; He promised to let me have them, but when I brought a person to carry them away, Mr Fraunces informed me, that he had received written Orders from you to detain them, for you had made him, (Mr Fraunces) a present of them\u2014and likewise directed him to apply to a person, who had some property of my husbands, and stop the same.  Being much surprized at Mr Fraunces\u2019s Conduct, and in great Distress, I applied to the Housekeeper, for some things to cover me from the inclemency of the weather, and she permitted me to take my husbands great coat, but with a promise, to let Fraunces know nothing of it\u2014I found the Trunk which Contained his Cloaths, Books Papers &ca had been opened during his illness, and a number of things taken away, amongst the rest three pair of Silk Hose belonging to you, which last Articles I informed the Butler, previous to my going to Bushhill were in my husbands possession and that if I lived to return to Town I would leave in care of the Housekeeper\u2014I took a few things out of the Trunk amongst which was a pair of Pistols\u2014In some days after I asked Fraunces for my Husbands Kneebuckles, who abused me very much with\n                  bad language and said I stole your Pistols\u2014This was the first time I had heard that the Pistols belonged to you\u2014However Sir, on hearing that they were yours I immediately went & delivered them to Fraunc<es> who abused me with language worse than before\u2014About two weeks ago I asked Mr Fraunces for my husbands Kneebuckles again, but was called by him Thief, Rogue and such other names, as are not Sir, proper to mention\u2014Add to this, my husband\u2019s Accompt book was taken from the Trunk with several other things of value to me.\n               Mr Fraunces has said, that my husband was indebted to him in the sum of Fifty dollars, which I am certain Sir, is false. Mr Osburn agreed to give Mr Fraunces 3 dollars for a barrel of pickles, which, on my return from Bushhill he was for charging Six dollars for the same, but as we never had the Pickles, I am of the Opinion we had no right to pay Mr Fraunces for them\u2014And this Sir, is all, and the only dealing that my husband ever had with Fraunces to my knowledge.\n               My husband informed me previous to his death, that he had received One hundred Dollars from you, but indeed Sir, I know not what became of the same, as his death, and my being ill of the yellow fever prevented me from knowing what became of any property we had in possession, before, or at that time, but this I will venture to say, that Mr Fraunces\u2019s Character for honesty and attention to you Sir, was not to be compared to William Osburne\u2019s.\n               I beg leave then to pray Sir, that as my husbands Cloaths and Trunk, were in the House, and in care of Mr Fraunces, you will please to notice the matter, and grant me such relief, as to your goodness may seem just, and you will confer a lasting obligation on a poor Widow, and your much distressed humble & obt Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0164", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the United States Senate, 7 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n                  Gentlemen of the Senate,\n               I nominate Amos Marsh, to be Attorney for the United States in the District of Vermont, vice Stephen Jacobs, resigned;\n               Jabez G: Fitch, to be marshal of the District of Vermont; vice Lewis R. Morris, resigned, and\n               Alexander Duvernet, to be Vice-Consul for the United States at Paris.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0165", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 8 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n                  Philadelphia June 8th 1794.\n               Your letters of the 4th instt accompanying the reports, came duly to hand; & by the Post of tomorrow I was in hopes I should have been able to inform you of the day I should leave this for Mount Vernon\u2014but the case is otherwise\u2014Congress are yet in Session, and although they talk of rising tomorrow, this may not be the case, and if it were other business will claim my attention for some days after the adjournment. You will continue therefore to write, & send the weekly reports to me as usual.\n               If Lambs of any kind, have been sold from my flocks of Sheep, it has not only been done without my consent, but expressly\n                  contrary to my orders. And sure I am, the money for which they were sold never found its way into my pockets; nor is there credit for it in any accounts I have seen. So far has it been from my practice, or policy to sell off the forward ewe lambs, that, in order to prevent it, I would not suffer any lambs to be disposed of at all unless it was the very latter runts. My plan, while it was in my power to attend to these matters myself, was, to be sparing of the lambs even for my own table & never to kill the females; to keep the ewe lambs (especially the latter ones) from the Rams the first year\u2014to seperate the Rams from the ewes at sharing time (to be returned at a proper season)\u2014and, at sharing time also, to cull over, & remove to a pasture by themselves, all the sheep above a certain age, and all such as appeared to be upon the decline, that, after receiving the summers run, & such aid as could otherwise be afforded them, they might be disposed of to the Butchers; reserving enough for the use of the family. If lambs have been disposed of contrary to this plan, it has been done by the knavery of those who have availed themselves of the opportunities my absence has afforded them, to do it. It might be well therefore for you to enquire by whom lambs have been sold, and as you will see by the written agreements with my Overseers that they are not allowed to sell even a fowl, to charge them in explicit terms, not to depart from it.  The granting them this indulgence, was for their comfort on the farm; but they have no right to raise any thing thereon, of any sort, or kind whatsoever, for sale. If therefore, as the practice of this sort is contrary to agreement, they presume to sell one thing they may, and will be suspected of selling every thing they can do with impunity. This reminds me, of what has often been in my intention to write about, & that is Mr Stuarts selling Butter. He is, I well remember, allowed a certain part of the butter that is made on the farm, of course is entitled to the butter or the value of it; but to avoid suspicion, he had better, both on his own account & mine, after taking out what he uses in his own family (and which he ought to account for) send all that is made, besides, to the mansion house; and, as it will go from thence to market, let him be allowed for his proportion the price it sells at. Besides avoiding suspicion & evil reports, another good will be derived from this practice, & that is, that it will supercede the necessity of his wife\u2019s\u2014or any other person\u2019s running to Alexandria to\n                  dispose of this article, or to enquire into the price of it. That Mr Stuarts conduct in this business has not escaped censure you will see by the enclosed; but as I never entertained an unfavorable opinion of him, and always a very bad one of Green, I never mentioned the report to the former although, when the latter gave the information, I told him to commit what he had to say to writing, charging him at the same time to say nothing that he could not prove, as he might bring himself into a scrape if he did.  I have no doubt of Mrs Stuarts having furnished Butter for McKnights Tavern, & if the quantity bears any proportion to what is asserted in the paper, that it has been fraudulently done. The account, I presume is exagerated, otherwise instead of being content with one fourth (which if my memory serves me, is the part allowed him) he must have taken three fourths of it, at least. But be the report true or false, it still shows the necessity of the measure I have advised, In the first case, to guard me against such impositions; and in the second, to secure his own character against suspicion & calumny.\n               Mrs Fanny Washington writes that the Cellar of my House in Alexandria wants paving, & to be drained, as it is very damp.  Let the first be done at any rate, and the latter if it shall appear necessary, as I presume it is. You had better buy smooth, & well burnt bricks in Town than to carry them up. This job will afford another week for Davis and his attendants; when one man, in this City, would begin & finish it (the materials being on the spot) in half a day.\n               A Mr Oneil from Chester County in this state, will be at Mount Vernon by the time, or soon after this letter will have reached you. He has a great opinion of a freestone quarry near my lime kiln, but a little up the Branch called Hell hole; & I have authorised him to open it at his own expence; but have told him that if you have a hand or two that could be spared, & he would allow the same for them by the day, or month, that he gives to others, I had no objection to your doing it.  I am to be at no expence or trouble with him, and he has assured me, that the hands he takes from hence with him, shall be sober, honest, & well behaved. If Tom Davis & Muclus could be spared from necessary work, they had best go; for numbers will add nothing to the dispatch of my work whilst it is under the immediate inspection & direction of Thos Green; who, it appears indispensably necessary to me,\n                  should be superceded the moment you can get a good workman in whom confidence can be placed to Overlook them; for the manner in which my Carpenters idle away their time, is beyond all forbearance. Twelve Carpenters in this City, would have built every house that is on my lot in Alexandria (from the foundation) in less time than mine were employed in the few repairs they received; but from the habits of idleness which they have contracted, and the bad examples of Green, nothing better I am sure is to be expected from them while they are under his management. I am Your friend &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0166", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 8 June 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 8 June 1794. On 15 June, GW wrote Pearce: \"Your letter of the 8th with its enclosures I received yesterday.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0167", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 9 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Treasy Dept [Philadelphia] June 9. 1794.\n               I have the honor to send herewith sundry papers which relate to the Petition of William Martin & contain full information on the subject. Upon the whole as Mr Martin is undoubtedly an innocent sufferer, I incline to the opinion that a pardon may be adviseable which would operate to remit one half the penalty incurred.  With perfect respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0169", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 9 June 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to transmit, for your information, a copy of a Report from the Master Warden of the Port of Philadelphia, stating the arrival of the Schooner Flora, Captain Westerhock, a Dutch Privateer, mounting ten Four-pounders.\n               As the 22nd Article of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, between the United States and France, provides that it shall not be lawful for any foreign privateers, who have commissions from any other Prince or State, in enmity with either nation, even to purchase victuals, in the Ports of the respective nations, except such as shall be necessary for their going to the next Port of that Prince, or State, from which they have commissions, I have directed the attention of the Master Warden to the subject (as you will perceive by the enclosed Copy of my letter to that Officer) and, if any other measures are to be pursued on my part, I will be happy to receive your Intentions thereon.  I am, with perfect respect, Sir, Your Excellency\u2019s Most Obedt Hble servt.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0170", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Robert Morris, 9 June 1794\nFrom: Morris, Robert\nTo: Washington, George\n               The multiplicity of my engagements did not hinder me from Considering in conjunction with Mr Greenleaf the Contents of your letter of the 26th of last Month, altho those engagements occupied me too much to admit of an earlier reply.\n               We viewed and considered the proposition you were pleased to make, several times, and finally came to the conclusion, that due regard to our own interests would not admit of our acquiescence, The price or value being fixed so high in our estimation as not to admit of that reward for the use of our resources, which many other objects now offer. I return therefore all the Papers herewith & also a Copy of the Great Kanahwa & other Survey\u2019s. I am sorry that we cannot be the purchasers, the price so far exceeding our expectations puts it out of our power to make an offer I must however in justice observe that Your prices are such as may probably be obtained by selling the property in detail but even in that way there could be no chance of our obtaining the Compensation which a variety of other pursuits offer to us. With the most perfect Esteem & respect I am Dr sir Your obedt hble servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0171", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the Cabinet, 10 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Cabinet\n               It is my wish to set off for Mount Vernon on Monday next.  With some inconvenience to myself, it might be delayed until Wednesday; beyond which the purposes of my journey would, in a great measure, be defeated by further delay. I therefore desire that everything which requires my attention in your Department previous to my absence, may be laid before me with as much promptitude as the case will admit of.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0172", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 10 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor of submitting herewith to the President the draft of a power to borrow One million of dollars, by virtue of the Act passed the 9 instant, intitled \"an Act making appropriations for certain purposes therein expressed.[\"]\n               I need only observe as to the necessity of making the loan, that the objects for which the Act provides will call for immediate expenditures\u2014and that the funds contemplated will only accrue from revenues to be collected in future. With perfect respect, I have the honor to be &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0173", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 10 June 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to transmit, for your information, a Copy of the Supplementary Report of the Master Warden, relatively to the Schooner Flora, mentioned in my letter of Yesterday\u2019s date: and to be, with perfect respect, Sir, Your most Obed. Hble serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0174", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 11 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The second instalment on the loan of two millions of Dollars, made of the Bank of the United States, having become due in the month of December last, I have the honor to request that you will be pleased to authorise me, to carry into effect an Act of Congress passed this Session, entitled, \"an Act providing for the payment of the second instalment due on a loan made of the Bank of the United States.\"  With perfect respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0175", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 11 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to communicate a letter of the 19 of May from the Collector of Charleston with it\u2019s enclosures\u2014which announce a very exceptionable & dangerous interference, by certain Citizens of that place, with the Government, Treaties and lawful authorities of the U. States\u2014and to be with the highest respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0176", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 11 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of the Treasury respectfully submits to the consideration of the President the enclosed communication from the Commissioner of the Revenue respecting two mooring chains for the river Delaware, with his opinion that it will be for the public interest to ratify it.\n                  The draft of an authorisation for paying the second instalment of the two million Loan of the Bank of the U. States is also submitted.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0178", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Anonymous, 12 June 1794\nFrom: \nTo: Washington, George\n               The genius and spirit of the constitution of the United States requires, not only that the government should be administered for the general good of the people, but that the mode of doing it, and the instruments employed in it, should be accomodated to the general Will. This general Will is properly declared by general suffrage so far as the choice of the administrators of the government is placed within its control; and it is one of the happy circumstances which has thus far attended the exercise of this constitution that the supreme executive magistrate has been chosen by not only the general, but the universal suffrage and approbation of the citizens of this extensive confederated republic. No one can doubt the purity of the intentions of such a magistrate in the appointment of such ministerial agents and subordinate officers as the constitution submits to his choice: But it is hardly possible that he should possess sufficient information of the general opinion, concerning the characters of individuals, to insure universal approbation of the selections he makes for these purposes. His means of information in this respect are, perhaps, more circumscribed, and often less pure, than those of many others. The persons with whom he converses, tho\u2019 perhaps not intentionally corrupt, are generally more liable to be misled by views of self-interest, particular friendships, family connections, party prejudices, l\u2019esprit du corps, and other motives in which the general welfare is either placed in the back ground, or tinged with colorings which change its proper appearance. Intentions the most upright are not a certain protection from delusions of this kind, because they often steal into the mind unobserved by the person on whom they operate, and give a bias to his opinions and conduct, of which he is insensible and unaware.\n                  They place objects in a different point of view from that in which they are seen by others, which often gives them an appearance more or less amiable than their true merits or demerits deserve.\n               In times of tranquility and confidence, the public attention is but little called to the administration of government. Its municipal aspect is then the principal object of observation, and while that appears fair and smooth, external objects are examinied but by a small proportion of the citizens, and with little emotion. Hence the appointments to offices under the present constitution, have generally been acquiesced in without much apparent censure, tho\u2019 some exceptions cannot wholly have escaped your notice. At present, however, external Objects attract the attention of every one. A new and important crisis in the affairs of the United States seems to be at hand. Important appointments will become necessary, as well to supply vacancies which may happen by removal or promotion, as to fill stations which the exigency of the times may demand. The public mind is highly excited, anxious, jealous, and watchful of every movement of Administration. We are in danger of being again involved in a contest with a nation from whose thraldom we have lately escaped by exertions and hazards which left few characters untried. In those days of trial, zeal in the common cause, fidelity in the execution of public trusts, and whatever is fairly comprehended in the term Patriotism, were deemed marks of fitness for public employment; public confidence sickened at the appearance of opposite qualities in persons raised to public stations, whatever might be their wealth, connections, or circumstances in other respects; and whoever availed himself of the advantages of a public station to enrich himself beyond the fair savings of his stipulated pay, was reprobated as unworthy of public trust.\n               It was the natural and reasonable expectation of the patriots by whose zealous exertions and contributions the revolution was effected, whose disinterested services in the common cause had rather impoverished than enriched them, that when the new form of government was established, the honors and emoluments of office would have been distributed amongst them. But the rust of time and change of circumstances, seem to have obliterated in a considerable degree the marks of distinction then established, and permitted other criteria to govern in the choice of many of the public servants. Wealth, however obtained, spread\n                  a splendid covering over all defects: It gives a glare of merit and consequence to the possessor, even in the eyes of those from whom it may have been plundered, and by its influence, merges in obscurity the means by which it was acquired. Honest means of acquiring wealth have been very little in the power of men in public employments. And yet how has the wealth of many men in office been acquired?  The zealous and most honest friends of the revolution bore so much of the burthen and expence of it, that their resourses were generally exhausted. Most of their property was in possession of the public; and the delay in appreciating the public debt, brought upon them necessities which wrested the greater part of the evidences of it out of their hands before it obtained a fourth part of its value, and turned it into a source of enormous profit to those who had preserved their property by abstaining from the hazards of the contest, or by more openly opposing the revolution. It is not here intended to censure those who thus availed themselves of advantages so palpably placed before them. They are on this occasion contrasted with more patriotic characters, with another view, which it is presumed will not pass unnoticed. How many of these patriotic characters have been thus shoved out of their proper rank in society, whose merits remain unrewarded and unnoticed, while objects less worthy are enjoying the sunshine of public favor and emolument.\n               There was a time, however, when the utmost expectation of those unworthy citizens who either opposed the revolution, or withheld their aid from those who atchieved it, was, to be protected from priviate insults and public punishments for their delinquency, and to be permitted to enjoy the wealth thus saved, or thus acquired, in the private walks of life. They did not then dream of possessing a weighty influence in the administration of the government, and much less of being themselves placed in stations of high honor and public trust. But, Alas! the scene is changed. They have obtained an influence which cannot fail to be disgusting to many worthy patriots whose spoils they are now enjoying. The avenues to preferment and public employment are so much in their possession that their passport or approbation seems to be necessary to an entrance into them, and he who will not stoop to the means of obtaining such passport, has little chance, whatever may be his real merit, of appearing to the\n                  supreme magistrate in a fair or just point of view. Hence many worthy citizens, disdaining to receive as favors thro\u2019 such hands, what they have at least a common right to expect without such intervention, are kept at an improper distance, and must either bewail their mortifying situation under the shade of secrecy, or be stigmatized thro\u2019 the influence of these usurpers as factious opposers of the government. They are mortified at seeing the goodly heritage acquired by their virtuous efforts and those of their ancestors and late compatriots, placed so much in the hands of men in whose honesty they have not satisfactory confidence; whose principles they believe to be selfish, regarding the public good no farther than they can render it subservient to their private interest or aggrandisement\u2014Whose attaachment to the present constitution is attracted only by the opportunity it affords them of fluttering round the blaze of power, and would be still more strongly attracted by an higher toned aristocracy, or even a despotic form of government. Such men always hover in crouds round the depositaries of power wherever placed, and always, if permitted, nestle themselves and their friends into every place in administration in such manner as to prevent men of more modesty and virtue from being seen or regarded. Men of true republican principles have generally too much republican pride to enter the lists of competition with such characters. They are willing to serve the public when properly called upon, but they deem this kind of scrambling for office incompatible with propriety and dangerous to the public welfare, especially when, if a man of independent sentiments happens to obtain an office, his principles must either be relinquished or concealed, or his situation is made too irksome to be tenable with satisfaction.\n               Are not these powerful causes of dissatisfaction?  It is not, however, against the constitution that this disatisfaction is pointed: For altho\u2019 there were circumstance<s> which induced the real revolutionists to examine it at first with a cautious, and perhaps with a jealous eye, they have since become its most steady friends, and firmest supporters. As yet this dissatisfaction has been confined within governable boundaries by that veneration and respect for the man of their choice which glows in every bosom and cherishes confidence in his merit and patriotism. This, and this only, has hitherto repressed the fermentation of those seeds of discontent which are widely scattered. But they are\n                  increasing, and, in a soil so fertile that, if not eradicated, they cannot fail to produce unpleasant fruit. The early and steady friends of the revolution, who are also the real friends and supporters of our excellent constitution, have the confidence of the great body of yeomanry in the country and of the people in cities. And yet how few of them, in proportion to their numbers, are found in the court calendar!\n               Think of these things, I beseech you, sir, and examine them with candor. If you do justice to the writer you will believe that his motives are friendly to your fame and honor, and to the public welfare. The former he trusts is sufficiently evinced by the communication being made immediatly to yourself, without the inspection of any other eye. The latter will be inferred from the complection and tendency of the matter. And that he has no sinister views or personal expectations from it, may fairly be inferred from the obcurity in which he has carefully concealed himself.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0179", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Francis Deakins, 12 June 1794\nFrom: Deakins, Francis\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Montgomery County [Md.] 12th June 1794\n               Upon the Rect of your Letter of the 1st of this Inst. I examined into the Trespass on your part of Woodstock & find there has latly been five or Six Timber trees & Some few House Loggs taken from it by others not the Tenants\u2014I have now gave ful Notice which is your part & that I am Authorised & shall exact on the Smallest Trespass whatever in future\u2014there was Six Tenants on the whole tract when you became situat\u2019d in it & Still are each at 1500 lb. Crop Tobo the Tax on the land & 20/. to be paid to Mr Jones for Superintending \u214c year\u2014the Annual Amt 9000 lb. Tobo Clear, & I find there is about 16000 lb. now due for the years 1792 & 93\u20149000 lb. of which Mr Jones Assuers me Shall Certainly be paid to my Brother W. Deakins before the 20th Augt next in Compliance of Col. Mercers order to you & yours to W. Deakins for half the Rents of 1792 & 93.\n               The widow Beall the widow McDaid & John Warring are the three Tenants on your part at the afsd Rents which I think is as high as Common & as they can aford to give\u2014the Fields has\n                  been Closly worked & Constant for 12 or 13 years yet give Tolerable Crops\u2014their improvments but indifferent\u2014each a Small Logged Dwelling house or two with a Logd Barn perhaps 24 or 30 feet Squar\u2014no fruit trees of any Consiquence\u2014I Judg there is about one half of your part under Cultivation & the other in woods.\n               As Mr Jones has & Still recieves the Rents for Mr Spriggs Family, & his Salary fixed on the Tenants, I have desired him to Continue to Collect yours hereafter & Lodg it in Wm Deakins Hands where it may be more Convenient for your order than in mine\u2014he promises it Shall be don by the Month of Augt Annually\u2014I shall also do myself the Satisfaction to take the necessary care\u2014of it in every respect for you\u2014Mr Bernard Oneill has purchased a Seat in this Neighbourhood & intends to move to it in the Fall of next year\u2014Shud yr place then be to rent & you prefer Cultivating wheat with a small propotion of Corn on it to the Common mode of planting he will be glad to get it & ingage to put it into one Farm of 300 A. to Clear no more & only Cultivate one half of the 300 acres Annually So as to have a regular Change & to pay the Rents the three Tenants now pay\u2014I am Sir with the Due Respect yr Obedt Sert\n                  Francis Deakins", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0180", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 12 June 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to submit sundry communications from Jas Seagrove, and also a letter from Governor Moultrie\u2014May 29th.  I am sir respectfully your humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0182", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 13 June 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n               Genl Knox\u2019s Compliments to Mr Dandridge and requests he will submit to the President the enclosed draft and also Captain Hills instructions respecting a proper spot for the erection of Arsenals.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0183", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 13 June 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Philadelphia 13th of June 1794\n               I think it proper to communicate the letters which I have received from the western Counties representing the hostile proceedings of the Indians, in that quarter and the dissatisfaction of the Citizens at the suspension of the Presqu\u2019isle establishment in compliance with your request.  As I wish to answer these letters by to morrows post I have for the sake of dispatch transmitted the originals which you will be pleased to return as soon as you have perused them. I take the liberty to request, likewise, that those parts of this Correspondence which are of a private nature may be considered as a Confidential communication. I am with perfect respect, Sir, Yr Excellency\u2019s most obedient humble Servant\n                  list of original letters above referred to.\n                  No. 1. The Presqu\u2019-isle Commissioners to the Govr\u20145 June 1794\n                  No. 2. Genl Gibson to the Govr 6 June 1794\n                  No. 4. Brig[ad]e Insp. of Allegheney to the Govr 6 June 94\n                  No. 5. Brig. Insp. of  Westm[oreland] to the Govr 5 June 94\n                  No. 6. Andw Ellicot to the Secretary.\n                  No. 7. From Wm Jack to the Govr 6 June 1794\n                  No. 8. From Genl Irvine to the same\u20143d June \u201994\n                  Note\u2014In this last letter are sent, a part of Genl Wilkins\u2019s Narrative to Genl Irvine and a Copy of a Letter from Jno. Obail to Lieut John Polhemus.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0184", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Cherokee Chiefs and Warriors, 14 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Cherokee Chiefs and Warriors\n                  Philadelphia June 14th 1794\n               I am glad to see you and take you by the hand after so long a Journey. I rejoice that you are all in good health and bid you heartily welcome to this City.\n               I am made acquainted with the talks you have had with the Secretary of War, You may depend upon what he may say to you in my behalf.\n               I am very sorry that since I took some of you and others of your nation by the hand about two years ago in this City that disturbances and hostilities have happened between your nation and some of the White Inhabitants upon the frontiers.  It is unnecessary for me to enter upon the particulars of those unhappy events, as we now mean to bury deep and forever the red hatchet of War. Let us therefore forget past events let us endeavour to find out the means by which the path between us shall be kept open and secure from all harm You must restrain your bad young Men from stealing of horses and murdering our frontier people. Unless you have force sufficient for this purpose peace will never be established. The frontier people will not suffer their property to be stolen, much less will they suffer their friends to be murdered, without seeking satisfaction.\n               We shall endeavor to keep in order the White young Men and prevent their doing you any injury.\n               The Secretary of War has spoken to you my mind about the\n                  lands upon Cumberland. These have been confirmed by the two treaties of Hopewell in 1785 and of Holstein in 1791\u2014More than ten thousand people are seated on these lands and they cannot be removed.\n               The treaties which have been made cannot be altered. The boundaries which have been mentioned must be marked and established so that no disputes shall happen or any white people cross over it.\n               But in order to convince you that the United States are desirous that you and your families should be comfortably clothed, your annual allowance of One thousand five hundred dollars will be increased to the amount of five thousand dollars yearly. The Secretary of War will consult you for the purpose of furnishing you with the articles which shall be most acceptable to your nation and you shall take the amount of one Years allowance home with you. Besides this quantity which will be for the whole Nation, I have directed that you who are present, and your families should be well clothed and well treated in all respects.\n               This liberal allowance independent of all former considerations will be of much greater value to the whole nation than could possibly be obtained by Hunters from off the small plots of Ground upon Cumberland or elsewhere which any of you may be desirous of having returned.\n               The Secretary of War will endeavor to find an Agent who shall reside among you in the heart of your nation to advise you in all cases and to protect you from all injuries.\n               Anything further which you may have to say you will communicate to the Secretary of War in whose charge I leave you being obliged myself to go to Virginia.  He will take care to have you returned to your nation with the goods which shall be provided for you.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0185", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 14 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President. He had thought that the appointment of a Supervisor for pennsylvania might without inconvenience be deferred \u2019till the return of the President, & therefore deferred mentioning it.  But on more particular reflection as a new revenue year commences with the first of July, he believes it would be of use to accelerate the appointment.\n               The persons who have more particularly occurred to the enquiries of the Secretary (and his enquiries have been particular & extensive)\u2014are General Hand, now an Inspector, Colo. Henry Miller of York County, Charles Biddle of this City, Colo. Francis Nichols, M: Clarkson mayor & Major Lenox.\n               General Hand from situation wou\u2019d claim particular consideration. But the Secretary with much esteem for that Gentleman on all personal accounts is obliged in duty to say that he has been so materially defective in the execution of his present office as to forbid an assurance that the superior one would be executed by him with due attention & exertion. And it is of vast consequence to the revenue & to the Government that no mistake should be committed in the present choice.\n               Of the persons named, Colo. Miller, all circumstances considered, has the judgment of the Secretary in his favour. All agree that he is a man of good character of friendly dispositions to the Government & Laws of the U. States\u2014of industry, exertion, address & distinguished firmness\u2014of adequate, tho\u2019 not superior ability, and most likely of any man on whom equal dependence can be placed, to have weight in the most refractory scene of this State. He is also a man of decent property unembarrassed. Among those who warmly recommend him is Mr Ross, Senator of this State\u2014who lives in one of the most western Counties.\n               Mr Biddle has many things in his favor. perhaps he has more ability than any of the persons named, and no doubts are entertained of his firmness, activity or attention. His connections and influence are principally among the malcontents. But most persons who have been consulted entertain an unfavorable impression of his political principles, & think there is not full assurance that he would not sacrifice the duties of his station & the interests of the Government to party considerations. He was named by the Democratic Society vice President\u2014which he has it seems neither accepted nor publicly disavowed. Several attach an idea of cunning & duplicity to the character. One good judge of characters thinks favorably of his principles & that reliance may be placed. But the result of a comprehensive inquiry is that there would be hazard in the appointment and the case is believed to be one in which nothing ought to be hazarded.\n               Colo. Nichols & Major Lenox stand nearly on a level\u2014both men of adequate understanding, honorable characters, some property, undoubted firmness, & probable exertion, but on the last point there is greater assurance of Major Lenox. But neither of these gentlemen seem to have that extensive notoriety & popularity of character which is desirable to assist the progress of disagreeable laws. In this particular Mr Miller or Mr Biddle has greatly the advantage.\n               Mr Clarkson has several things in his favor, perhaps rather more ability than most of the other persons. But he wants bodily activity, which may be a point of consequence & he is said to be much embarrassed in his circumstances.\n               The Secretary has committed these remarks to writting not wishing to intrude on the President today, & desirous of placing the subject immediately before him.\n               If he should conclude on the person before he leaves town it is requested that he would leave a Commission signed but not completed in order that it may be previously ascertained whether Mr Miller will accept.\n               Among the persons who have been consulted is the Attorney General. He gave a preference to Mr Miller. His knowledge of State-characters is diffusive & accurate.  Mr Miller was lately a very promising candidate for the place of Senator in the Senate of the U. States.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0186", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 14 June 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of Your Answer (communicated in a letter from the Secretary of War dated this day\u2014) to my letter of the 13th instant, stating that the reasons, which induced your opinion relatively to the Suspension of the Presqu\u2019 isle establishment, continue to operate, and have not been weakened by any information since receiv\u2019d.\n               The nature of the trust reposed in me by the Act of the General Assembly, the dissatisfaction which a Suspension of the proceedings of the Commissioners has excited, and the Ambiguity of some of the expressions contained in the Secretary\u2019s letter, seem to demand an early explanation of the principles, that have regulated my Conduct upon this occasion.\n               As it is the peculiar province of the Legislature to Judge of the policy of the laws, it wou\u2019d be thought, perhaps, an Act of Supererrogation on my part, were I to attempt to enumerate the Various motives, which Suggested and Justify the Act for laying out a Town at Presqu\u2019 isle: but I may be indulged in observing, generally, that the Maintenance of a System for the Sale and Settlement of the public lands (by which a sufficient revenue had been produced to exonerate the State from the pressure of her debts) and the Obligation of the Government to Strengthen the means of protecting our distant frontier, might fairly be considered by the Representatives of Pensylvania, as very cogent inducements to the measure, which they contempleated. W<ith a r>ight Acquired by honest purchase, either to advance, or to decline, the establishment of a Town at Presqu\u2019 isle, the expediency of\n                  exercising that right, must have formed the principal subject of Consideration: And, when we reflect, that the Consequences of a rupture with the Six Nations, wou\u2019d in a peculiar manner be injurious to the Citizens of this State, we must presume that the Legislature either thought that the improvement of our Territory in that Quarter cou\u2019d not be Obnoxious to the Indians, or that the projected establishment wou\u2019d afford the most effectual defence against that hostile disposition, which even the Northern Tribes had previously manifested, for reasons certainly unconnected with our plan of Settlement. Nor cou\u2019d a Collision of the State, and F\u0153deral Jurisdictions have been Anticipated, as naturally flowing from the measure; since it was rather to be expected by the Legislature, that, independently of the Constitutional Obligation of the Union to protect all its Members in the enjoyment of their respective territorial rights, the F\u0153deral Government was, in this instance peculiarly bound to maintain the Title and occupancy of the State, as Vendor, for a valuable Consideration, of the property in question.\n               But, whatever may be the policy of the Legislature however erroneous in its principle, or pernicious in its consequences the province of an Executive Magistrate is certainly circumscribed to enquire what the Law is, not what it ought to be; to perform the task prescribed, not to Arraign the Wisdom <that> prescribed it. Hence, Sir, you will perceive from the documents (which have been regularly communicated to you) that the prosecution of the preparatory Steps for forming a Settlement at Presqu\u2019 isle was imposed upon me as a duty, and Consequen<tl>y that the most Cogent reasons will be necessary, on my part, to justify a neglect or suspension of the Work. By the Act of the 18th of April 1793. it is declared, in mandatory terms, that in the most eligible spot within the reserved tract on Lake Erie, \"the Governor shall cause to be laid out and Surveyed 1600 Acres of land, in Town lots, not more than One third of an acre each, and also 3400 Acres adjoining the same in out lotts, not less than 5 Acres, nor more than 10 acres each.\" and that every obstacle arising from an Apprehension of hostile opposition might be removed, An Act of the 28th of February 1794, after providing for the security of the Port of Philadelphia, and the defence of our Western Frontier, Authorises the Governor \"to detach from the Several Companies of Artillery and Infantry raised by the State, as many\n                  Men as can be conveniently spared from the specific objects of protection and defence, for which the Companies were particularly destined; and to Station the detachment so made at such place or places, at or near Presqu\u2019 isle on Lake Erie, as shall in his Judgment be best calculated to carry into effect, the Act, entitled \"An Act for laying out a Town at Presqu\u2019-isle to protect the infant Settlements beyond the River Allegheny, and to promote the general defence of the Frontiers.\"  By the Language of these Acts, it is obvious (as I have remarked on a former Occasion) that nothing was expressly left to my discretion but the mode of carrying them into effect, and conclusively, to demonstrate the Legislative expectation of a speedy execution of that trust, it can only be necessary to consider, that, by the first regulation, the time for allowing a bounty to persons who \"shall actually inhabit and reside within the Town.\" was limitted to the 1st of January 1794; that, by the second regulation, it is only protracted to the first day of May 1795; and that by the third regulation, the very existence of the Companies from which the detachment is formed to carry into effect the Act for laying out the Town, is limitted (in its utmost extent) to the meeting of the General Assembly in the ensuing Month of December.\n               Acting under these peremptory injunctions to perform a specific duty, I have not, Sir, been regardless, either of the respect that is due to the General Government, or of the precautions which a movement of so delicate a nature required. The Laws, and my instructions founded on those laws, for forming the detachment and laying out the Town, were communicated to you during the Session of Assembly; and, although any attempt to interrupt the proceedings of the Commissioners, must have been Accompanied with a deliberate and hostile invasion of the state of Pensylvania (for it has never been intimated that the station at Presqu\u2019-isle is actually pre-occupied by any other power, whither British, or Indian) I admonished the Officers and Commissioners to observe a friendly and conciliatory conduct towards every description of persons whom they shou\u2019d meet, and even in the event of an Attack, or menace, from any quarter, to confine their resistance strictly to defensive operations, within the Acknowledged boundaries of the State.\n               The machinating efforts of the Agents of a foreign Nation, in the neighbourhood of the United states and not the inimical\n                  disposition of the Indians, produced in my mind the apprehension of a design to oppose the settlement at Presqu\u2019-isle, soon after the detachment, for effecting that Object, was formed at Pittsburgh; and the intelligence which was brought by successive posts, and punctually communicated to you, Sir, rendered it at last, expedient in my Judgment, to resort to the general authority of the Militia law, for calling into actual service, a Competent force to repel the threatn\u2019ed invasion; to support the party destined for Presqu\u2019 isle; and generally to prevent a failure of the measures which the Legislature had directed to be pursued; and which without farther authority, I did not conceive it wou\u2019d be warrantable to abandon. On your receipt of a Copy of my Orders for making this draft, it was, for the first time, directly stated to me, that you deemed it adviseable to suspend for the present, the establishment at Presqu\u2019 isle, and, \"if it will, indeed, be happy, that the Circumstances which have already occurred, shou\u2019d not be found to have matured the evil beyond the possibility of a remedy.\"  I derive some consolation in recollecting, that you were possessed of the Law, while the Legislature (whose power was alone competent to repeal it) was in Session; that You were seasonably apprised of every step that was taken to carry it into effect; and that if, from information unknown to me, an earlier discontinuance of the Executive proceedings, was deemed salutary, my conduct will evince the readiness with which I shou\u2019d have Acquiesced in an earlier declaration of that Opinion.\n               But, I confess, Sir, that, on this ground, I perceive very little cause for disquietude or reproach. If the Legislature has prescribed a task to the Executive Magistrate, which cannot be performed without endangering the publick tranquility, the Legislature, and not the Executive Magistrate, must be responsible for the consequences. But there is, indeed, another reflection, which weighs heavily on my mind at the present moment; and which claims, perhaps, an interest in your Consideration of the subject: Can the requisition or advice of the Executive Authority of the United States justify the Act which suspends the operation of a positive law of Pensylvania?  The Constitutional supremacy of the Laws of the Union will not be disputed: but may it not be Asked, what law of the Union does, nay what power there is to pass a Law which cou\u2019d controul the Commonwealth in the\n                  legitimate exercise of her Territorial jurisdiction?  Where there is no Law, there can be no obligation: nor, consistently with the principles of a Republican Government, can reasons of State, or the admonition of Circumstances (upon which the Secretary at War relies) furnish an Executive Magistrate with an authority to Substitute his opinions for Legislative institutions. While, then, I was impressed with these sentiments, the prompt compliance which followed the Communication of your wishes for the suspension of the Presqu\u2019-isle establishment, must, at least, be regarded as an incontrovertible evidence of an Official disposition to promote the Views of the general Government; of an earnest desire to Cultivate every possible means of peace; and of a personal confidence in your Judgment and Patrotism: but, however Consolotary such considerations may be to my private feelings, as my public trust may require other instruments of Vindication, I receive, with peculiar satisfaction, \"an assurance that nothing will be omitted to obviate the temporary obstacles which exist.\"  The bare suspension of our measures will, probably indeed, increase the difficulty of accomplishing them; and any grea[t] delay might eventually introduce a Controversy upon the right of doing so. The evil wou\u2019d become irremediable by any peaceable process, if, taking advantage of the Circumstances which have already occurred, either the Six Nations, or any other ill-disposed neighbour, shou\u2019d seize on the station, which has been designated for our establishment.\n               For these Contingencies, however, and for the expence which the State has already incurred, I have no doubt, the Justice of the General Government will satisfactorily provide. It only remains, therefore, Sir, to repeat, that (notwithstanding the remark made by the Secretary at War in his letter of the 24th Ulto) I am not sensible of having failed in duly appreciating every consideration of delicacy and moment, connected with the Subject; and that whatever may be the result, the establishment at Presqu\u2019 Isle will be suspended, untill you shall vary the opinion which you have delivered. I am, with perfect respect, Sir, Your Excellency\u2019s most Obedt Humbe Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0188", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 15 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n                  Philadelphia June 15th 1794\n               Your letter of the 8th with its enclosures I received yesterday.  If nothing, unforeseen by me at present, intervenes to prevent it, I shall leave this City for Mount Vernon the day after tomorow; (tuesday) but as the weather is warm, my horses fat & out of exercise, and I may have occasion to stop a day on the road, it is not probable I shall reach home before sunday or monday next. I shall have two white waiters with me\u2014one a hostler, who may sleep over the Store, in the room usually occupied by Mr Whiting. the other attends particularly on me, and may have a bed made for him in the Garrot (South end) in the room without a fire place.\n               Try the Turnip seed, in order to prove its goodness; for it is provoking to be at the trouble & expence of preparing ground for seed that never vegitates.\n               As I expect to see you so soon, I shall add nothing more at this time than that I am Your friend and well wisher", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0189", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the Cabinet, 16 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Cabinet\n               Tomorrow I shall commence my journey for Virginia. My absence from the seat of Government will be as short as I can make it, to answer the purposes of my going. In the interim, occurrences may happen, out of the common rotine which might suffer by delay. where this is the case, & the matter is of importance, advise with the other Secretaries, & the Attorney General, and carry any unanimous opinion into effect, without suspending the execution for my decision thereon; but advise me thereof by post.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0190", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 16 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               It is with regret, I inform you, that another Collector has suffered Treasury drafts to return unpaid, which were drawn upon monies reported by him to be in his hands. Abraham Archer Esquire of York town. Inclosed are letters of apology on the subject.  All the drafts which were at first declined were afterwards paid.\n               I perceive nothing substantially to distinguish this case from\n                  that of the Collector of Tappahannock who was lately superceded on a similar account.  Nor can I forbear however painful the task, to submit it as my opinion in this as in that case, that the good of the public service requires a displacement of the officer. Punctuality in this respect is too indispensable not to be made the invarible condition of continuance in office.  With perfect respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0192", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Presley Nevill, 16 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Nevill, Presley\n               I should have written to you at an earlier period but for the extreme hurry into which I was thrown at the close of the Session of Congress (wch did not terminate before monday last)\u2014and from my not having adverted, in time, to the Pittsburgh Post day of last week. This letter (as I shall set out for Virginia tomorrow) is left to go by next Saturdays mail.\n               Enclosed is a blank power authorising Mr Charles Morgan, or any other with whose name you shall fill it to collect the rents arising from my land in Fayette & Washington Counties in this State; together with such arrearages as may be due for the preceding years if any there be. Another blank is also left which I pray you to fill up with the pr centage to be allowed as a compensation for the trouble & expence of collection.  The inducements to this are <1s>t because I do not recollect what Colo. Ca<nnon> has been allowed for his services\u2014and 2dly because there is no invariable allowance established. Places & circumstances varying it.\n               A Letter for Colo. Cannon is also enclosed requesting him to give the necessary information to his Successor, and to desire that he would discontinue all further agency in my business.  This letter is left open for your insertion of the name of his\n                  successor. The emolument, arising from this collection, is too trifling to become an object worthy of your acceptance, or I should never have enquired for another before I had offered it to you.\n               From the experience of many years I have found distant property in land, more pregnant of perplexit<ies> than profit; I have therefore resolved to sell all I hold on the western wate<rs,> if I can obtain the prices which I conceive their quality\u2014their situation\u2014& other advantages would authorise me <to> expect. Conversing with Mr Ross [(]one of your Senators) on this subject a day or two before he left the City\u2014he gave it to me, as his opinion that the present Juncture was favorable for the sale of my land in this State, and was so obliging as to offer his services to effect it. He thought the quality of my land in Fayette County, together with the improvements, & show of Iron Ore within less than 30 yards of the Mill door ought, on credit, to command six dollars. The other I have always held at four dollars. The first tract contains 1644 acres besides the usual allowance of Six pr Ct<\u2014the> latter 2813 acs. by the patent, but measures more than 3000 acs. by a sub<sequ>ent Survey.\n               If, Sir, as you live in Pittsburgh (the probable mart of enquiry after land in that country) you should find it convenient, and not militating with any plans of your own to make mention of mine & to aid Mr Ross in the sale of these tracts it would oblige me.\n               If a fourth of the purchase money is paid at the time of conveyance, <a> credit of four, five or six years mig<ht> be allowed for the remainder; provided it is fully secured; and the interest thereon regularly paid at one of the Banks in this State, Baltimore, George-Town, or Alexandria. To receive this without trouble, & with punctuality as it becomes due, will be insisted upon.\n               My Land on the Ohio & Great Kanhawa Rivers, amounting to 32,373 a. was once sold for Sixty five thousand French crowns, to a French Gentleman, who was very competent to the payment, at the time the contract was made; but getting a little embarrassed in his finances by the Revolution in his Country, by mutual agreement the bargain was cancelled.  Lately, I have been in treaty for the same land, at three dollars and a third pr acre, for the whole quan<tity;> but it being connected with other m<atters> is not likely to result in a bargain as I once expected and therefore I am at liberty to seek another market.\n               To give a further description of these lands than to say they\n                  are the cream of the Country in which they are: that they were the first choice of it; and that the whole is on the margin of the Rivers and bounded thereby for 58 miles would be unnecessary to you who must have a pretty accurate idea of them & their value. But it may not be amiss to add for the information of others that the quantity before mentioned is contained in seven Surveys\u2014to wit\u2014three on the Ohio East <s>ide between the mouths of the little and <grea>t Kanhawa. The first, is the first <large> bottom below the mouth of the little Ka<nha>wa containing 2314 acs. & is bounded by the river 5\u00bc miles. The 2d is the <4th> large bottom on the same side of the River, about 16 miles lower down, containing 2448 acs. bounded by the river 3<\u00bc> miles. The 3d is the next large bottom, 3\u00bd miles below, & opposite, nearly, to the great bend containing 4395 acs. with a margin on the river of 5 miles. The other four tracts are on the Great Kanhawa. the first of them contains 10,990 acrs. on the west side & begins within two or three miles of the mouth of it & bounded thereby for more than 17 miles. The 2d is on the East side of the River a little higher up containing 7276 acs. & bounded by the River 13 miles\u2014The other two are at the mouth of Cole River on both sides and in the fork thereof containing together 4950 acs.\u2014and like the others are all interval land, having a front upon the water of twelve miles.\n               Besides these, I have the round bottom, opposite to Pipe Creek, about 15 miles below Wheeling, which contains 587 Acs. with 2\u00bd miles front on the river, & of quality inferior to none thereon. and 234\u00bd acs. at the Great Meadows on Braddocks Road with the allowances.\n               For the whole of these tracts taken together, I would allow seven years credit, without requiring a fourth of the purchase money to be paid down provided the principal is amply secured and the interest also, in the manner before mentioned, for to have no disappointment or trouble in the receipt of this must be a Sine qua non. If the tracts are sold separately, I should expect a fourth of the purchase to be paid down and more than 3\u00bc dollars pr acre for the round bottom & the t<ra>ct of 10990 Acs. on the Great Kanh<awa, knowing> from my own view the extraordinary value of these tracts. With very great esteem I am Dear Sir Your Obedt Hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0194", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Bernhard Christoph Faust, 18 June 1794\nFrom: Faust, Bernhard Christoph\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Bueckeburg in Westphalia: 18 June 1794.\n               To you, a man and the friend of mankind, I herewith send my Periods of human life and my Catachism of Health.\n               We may hope with confidence, that the nations, in which men are not bound to serve the (merely apparent) happiness of a few, but the good of nations and of the whole family of mankind, will soon perceive and acknowledge this position and these self-evident truths: \"that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness\": and that every people, which feels the rights of man will obtain a constitution & lawful government, free, consistent, and emanating from the general will. And if this, as cannot be doubted, be the event; we may well exclaim: \"He, the great governor of the universe, alone knows to what degree of earthly happiness mankind may attain by perfecting the arts of government.\" (The Constit. of Pennsylv.).\n               To the end that the fraternal race of men, which is to be found among free nations, may reach an high degree of earthly happiness, it is necessary that we contemplate the immutable nature of man, and that we adhere to and regulate ourselves by the laws of his nature, through the successive periods of life from earliest infancy. We have contemplated the course of the planets; we have attained to the most accurate admeasurement of the earth, and thereby regulated the scale of measures. We have also explained the rights of man. The nature of man and the basis of his happiness have we alone neglected to explore and ascertain. Through \"the periods of the life of man\" is his nature perhaps best explored and ascertained: and as these periods, connected with the \"Catachism of Health\" (80,000 copies of which I sold in Germany in the course of two years, and which has been translated into the Danish language twice, and into the Bohemian\n                  and other languages) may probably point out the path to the education and happiness of man; I deemed these books worthy of being laid before you, and through you before the United States of America.\n               The United States of America first broke the yoke of slavery, and proclaimed to man and to the nations of the world freedom and their rights. From these free states of the new world the present and future freedom and happiness of nations is to be derived.\n               Another plague, the most terrible after tyranny, the small pox, fills the world with misery and wretchedness, with death and destruction. It kills the tenth part of mankind, and robs two tenths of their health and beauty. To be free from this second plague, it is only necessary to exert the will. Rhode Island made the beginning to root the small pox out of its state.  Perhaps mankind may be indebted to the United States of America and to you, most honorable Washington, for the great, immortal, and second merit of eradicating the small pox, the second plague of the human race, from the greater part or the whole of the United States, from a very considerable part of the world, and, through your example, from both worlds. Of a Benjamin Franklin it is said:\n               Eripuit c\u0153lo fulmen sceptrumque tyrannis:\n               Of a man equally great it will be said:\n               Delevit legiones . . . pestemque variolarum.\n               The lightning of heaven destroys infinitely fewer than the small pox; and the crown of oaken boughs, ob cives servatos, the crown of humanity, will be the lot of both of these men, of both of these friends and benefactors of Mankind.\n               And may your lot, most honorable Washington, be life and health! the lot of mankind, brotherly love and happiness!\n                  Bernhard Christopher Faust", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0195", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 18 June 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor of submitting to you an answer which was transmitted by the post on Monday the 16 to Captain Aylet Lee, and a copy of which was at the same time transmitted to Governor Henry Lee, who had written upon the subject.\n               An answer shall be prepared for Mr Anderson and Mr Pollock by your return.\n               An answer was yesterday received at 3. oClock P.M. by Mr Dandridge from Governor Mifflin dated the 14th instant\u2014being a lengthy explanatory and justificatory letter respecting his Conduct in the Presque Isle business\u2014a suitable reply will be made in order to avoid controversy.  I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient Servant.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0196", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 19 June 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to transmit, for your information, a copy of the dispatches which I have this morning received from Genl Gibson, relatively to the hostile dispostion of the Six nations, instigated and supported, as it is alledged, by the British: and to be, with perfect respect, Sir, Yr Excellency\u2019s Most obed. Hble Servt\n               List of the documents, accompanying this letter:\n               1. A letter from Genl Gibson to the Govr dated 11 June 1794.\n               2. Deposition of D. Ransom, 9 June 1794.\n               3. Deposition of H. Certs, 9 June 1794.\n               4. Letter from Andw Ellicot & E. Denny to Genl Gibson, 8 June 94\n               6. A letter from Presley Neville to the Governor, 10 June 94.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0197", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Gouverneur Morris, 19 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Morris, Gouverneur\n               My dear Sir,Baltimore June 19th 1794.\n               The difficulty (under existing circumstances) of knowing what to write to you, had determined me to write nothing, but to let the matter rest altogether upon the public communications from the Secretary of State.\n               Coming to this place, however, (on a flying visit to Mount Vernon) and finding the Vessel on which Mr Monroe is on board had not left the River, I have so far departed from my determination, as to be seated in order to assure you that my confidence in, and friendship & regard for you remains undiminished.\n               To time, and your own observations, if you should return immediately to this Country, I commit the rest; & it will be nothing new to assure you that I am always and very sincerely Yours affectionately", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0199", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Fredericksburg, Va., citizens, c.20 June 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Citizens of Fredericksburg, Va.\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from Fredericksburg, Va., citizens, c.20 June 1794. On 23 June, Edmund Randolph wrote Charles Carter, Charles Mortimer, and others of Fredericksburg that \"Your letter to the President of the United States, on the subject of Mr Archibald Hunter, was put into my hands by him in order that I might take such measures as his case justified. I have therefore determined to forward them to our minister plenipotentiary near the French Republic\" (DNA: RG 59, Domestic Letters).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0200", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Moses McFarland, 20 June 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: McFarland, Moses\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from Moses McFarland, 20 June 1794. An entry in GW\u2019s journal of proceedings for 12 July lists among papers sent to the Secretary of War \"for his consideration\" a \"Letter from Moses McFarland, 20 June \u201994\" (JPPDorothy Twohig, ed. The Journal of the Proceedings of the President, 1793\u20131797. Charlottesville, Va., 1981., 312).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0202-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 20 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n                  I do myself the honor of inclosing to you a copy of the rule (no. 1.), prescribed to hostile vessels, sailing from our ports, and of my letter (no. 2) to the different foreign ministers. Mr Hammond was of course addressed; and he returned an answer (no. 3). I immediately replied as in no. 4; and this morning he wrote to me again, as in no. 5. From the whole texture of his correspondence, he seems to be exceedingly petulant; exposes many weak sides; does his cause an injury; thinks that it is something to say the last word, howsoever unimportant it may be; and endeavours to keep up a fog, until he sees the course, which his court may take.\n                  At the same time I have the honor of forwarding the answers (no. 6 & 7), given to the letters, soliciting the application of certain private contributions from Boston and Norfolk; and to be, sir with the highest respect and sincere attachment yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0202-0003", "content": "Title: Enclosure II: Edmund Randolph to Foreign Ministers, 18 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Foreign Ministers\n                  I do myself the honor of enclosing to you the determination of the President of the United States, as to the sailing of the vessels of War of any of the belligerent Nations from the United States. The rule being reasonable in itself, and conformable to the law of nations, is now transmitted to you, with a hope, that you will cause it to be promulgated among the Ships of War, whether public or private, belonging to your nation. I have the honor, Sir, to be with respect Yo. mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0202-0004", "content": "Title: Enclosure III: George Hammond to Edmund Randolph, 18 June 1794\nFrom: Hammond, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n                  I have had the honor of receiving your letter of this date, inclosing the President\u2019s determination with respect to the space of twenty four hours to be allowed to elapse from the departure, from Ports of the United States of vessels belonging to one of the belligerent Powers previously to their being followed by ships of war or other armed vessels belonging to another belligerent Power: but when I reflect that you have never even acknowledged the receipt of a letter which I addressed to you on the 25th of February, and in which I requested you to inform me whether or not \"this principle was intended to be recognized by this Government,\" and that in consequence of the refusal of this Government to establish some principle of this nature at that period, his Majesty\u2019s frigate D\u00e6dalus and some british merchant vessels were detained in the Port of Norfolk, from the beginning of February to the 19th of May last, by the presence of a superior french force, which was not restrained during that interval from\n                     instituting a regular succession of cruizers from that port\u2014I do not now esteem it incumbent upon me to comply with your requisition of promulgating the President\u2019s actual determination to the commanders of his Majesty\u2019s ships of war or of other armed vessels, until I shall learn the pleasure of my Court upon the subject.\n                  I cannot however avoid adding, that it is a circumstance too singular to be overlooked, that the determination of the Government on this Point should not be announced to me, until the very day on which intelligence has been received here of the arrival of a British squadron in an american Port.  I have the honor to be with respect, Sir, Your Most obedient humble servant,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0202-0006", "content": "Title: Enclosure V: George Hammond to Edmund Randolph, 19 June 1794\nFrom: Hammond, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n                  In answer to your letter of this date, it is only necessary for me to remark, that as you have not stated to me any principle whatsoever; relative to the sailing from ports of the United States of the vessels of nations hostile to each other, that can have dictated the Presidents determination on this point of the\n                     16th cur[ren]t (and announced to me on the 18th) which ought not to have operated with equal force on the 25th of February last\u2014I do not esteem it incumbent upon me to recede from the resolution, which I have formed, of declining to promulgate to the Commanders of any of his Majesty\u2019s ships of war, or of other British armed vessels, the President\u2019s actual determination, until I shall learn the pleasure of my Court upon the subject. I have the honor to be with respect Sir your most obedient humble servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0202-0007", "content": "Title: Enclosure VI: Edmund Randolph to Thomas Newton, Jr., 19 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Newton, Thomas Jr.\n                  I am to acknowledge the receipt of your letter to the President of the United States, communicating the collection of a sum of money for the relief of our Captive brethren in Algiers.  The sensibility, displayed by those, who have contributed, is intitled to great respect. But notwithstanding the interest, which the President takes in the fate and happiness of our suffering fellow citizens, he is of opinion, that he ought to decline any other agency upon the occasion, than what is provided for, and prescribed by the laws. I am Sir with esteem yr mo. ob. servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0202-0008", "content": "Title: Enclosure VII: Edmund Randolph to Perez Morton, 19 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Morton, Perez\n                  It is impossible to recollect the sufferings of our captive brethren in algiers, without feeling a high respect for the exertions,\n                     made by the manager of the Boston Theatre, for their relief.  But however great the interest may be, which the President of the United States takes in their fate and happiness, he is of opinion, that he ought to decline any other agency upon the occasion, than what is provided for and prescribed by the laws. I have the honor, Sir, to be with great respect yr mo. ob. servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0203", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 21 June 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\nLetter not found: to Edmund Randolph, 21 June 1794. Randolph wrote GW on 27 June: \"The appointment of Mr Pickering, which is mentioned in your favor of the 21st instant from George Town, was noted in my report on the laws.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0204", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 21 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               I was this morning honored by your letter of the 19th instant from Baltimore.\n               Mr Adams\u2019s commission was completed, before you left this city. Having notified his appointment to him, I yesterday received a letter from him, dated at Boston on the 14th instant.  He accepts, and will set out for Philadelphia about the 24th or 26th of this mon[th].  Hence it is certain, that he will be here on your return.\n               Since my letter of yesterday, nothing has occurred, worthy of being transmitted to you; unless it be the inclosed cedula of the King of Spain; the translation of which has been finished only\n                  since your departure.  I have the honor sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0205", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Charles Mynn Thruston, 21 June 1794\nFrom: Thruston, Charles Mynn\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Frederick County [Va.] 21\u00ba June 1794.\n               That there is existing at Kentuckey a powerful faction for placing that Country under the protection of the British Goverment, & of seperating from the Union of the States, the most recent intelligence seems to evince, as well priviate epistolary, as other.\n               And further, that this Contagion is not confined to a few obscure individuals, but widely diffused through the leading Characters of that Community, is much to be apprehended, & not without some suspicion, of its having penetrated our very camp.\n               For some days I have been balancing whether to say thus much to your Excellency, not as fact, but from information, probable, and highly worthy of enquiry into, And have delayed it, least I might be impertinent.\n               But it is a circumstance, which may lead to consequences so full of importance, that whether it be true, or ill founded, or whether notice on the Subject already has come to your hands; the Occasion, I trust, is such a one, as will plead, if not My justification, at least an excuse with your Excellency. My sole Motive is a simple & honest one, the Safety of our Country.\n               Notwithstanding the professions of the British & Spaniards,\n                  the intelligent part of the frontiers, who are friends to Goverment, are still not without suspicions of their designs and of their connexions by the Lakes & Mississippi. May I take, therefore, permission to add, that in case of invasion, or other sudden emergency, No Man with Us could collect with promptitude in this quarter so good & Useful a body of effective soldiery, as our old General Morgan; As from potowmac to South Carolina the Applications to him for service in Expectation of a War, have of late been exceedingly numerous. I have the honor to be, Sir, Yr Most Obliged & most Obedient humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0206", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 24 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               SirPhiladelphia June 22. 1794\n               The Secretary of State on referring to you the question of the answer to be given to Mr Hammond concerning compensation for certain captured vessels will I presume transmit to you the opinions of the other Gentlemen as well as his own.\n               Besides the reasons hastily sketched in the memorandums given to the Secretary of State\u2014there is one of a delicate nature which I did not think fit to put on a paper which might become a public document but which I think ought to be submitted to your consideration.\n               Though the form of only giving the opinion of the President that it was incumbent upon the U. States to make compensation in the case has been used\u2014yet between nation & nation this is equivalent to a virtual engagement that compensation will be made\u2014and we were all sensible in advising the President to give that opinion (which advice was unanimous) that a non compliance with it would be a serious commitment of the character\n                  of the Nation the Government and the President.  Indeed if the Legislature should not do its part, under such circumstances, it would necessarily give birth to considerations very embarrassing to the delicacy of the President.\n               In such a posture of things\u2014is it not adviseable to narrow the obstacles to a right issue of the business?  If Mr Jay is instructed to insert a formal stipulation in a general arrangement, the Senate only will have to concur. If provision is to be made by law, both houses must concur. The difference is easily seen. And it is a case where the point of honor is too materially concerned not to dictate the expediency of leaving as little hazard as possible upon the issue. It is impossible that any questions can arise about the propriety of giving this course to the business. When we are demanding compensation for our captured vessels & goods it is the simplest thing in the world to stipulate compensation for those of great Britain, which we acknowlege to have been unlawfully made within our territory or by the use of our means.  It is also with me a material consideration that the coupling this with the other objects of Mr Jay\u2019s negotiation may tend to disembarrass in future. If the compensation we seek fails, it may be a good answer to the claim on the other side that they were endeavoured without success to be made a subject of reciprocal stipulation. I speak with reference to the Individuals concerned.\n               I may be perhaps too nice. But this is one of those questions in which ideas of sincerity \n               good faith and honor, in a relation which must always engage my particular solicitude, press my judgment to a course of proceeding which is calculated to dispel all doubt. With perfect respect I have the honor to be Sir Your most obedient servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0207-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Opinions of Alexander Hamilton and Henry Knox, 22 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  I am not willing to give a pretext for not doing us justice by the appearance of carelessness or indifference as to the fulfilment of our engagements. I continue to think that the idea of a\n                     special instruction to Mr Jay is proper, because it is an evidence of our being in earnest, because as Mr. Jay\u2019s mission was produced by circumstances subsequent to the communication to Congress, that communication can be no objection to embracing the subject in his mission especially as bearing a near affinity to the primary objects of it\u2014because though his general powers are competent it is proper he should know the sense and desire of the Government in this particular\u2014and the specification as already observed has great value as a proof of sincerity.\n                  I fear to be retrograde in our means of inspiring confidence in all the parties as to the sincerity of our original professions.\n                  I think we have lately lost ground.\n                     I conceive it to be for the real interest of the U.S. to reiterate our obligations to make compensation according to the sense of the original intimation\u2014No relaxation ought to be admitted on this point. Mr Jay\u2019s negociations seem to promise the most speedy means to accomplish this end\u2014and I therefore think he ought to be instructed accordingly.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0208", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Cowper, 23 June 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Cowper, John\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from John Cowper, 23 June 1794. On 30 July, GW wrote to Cowper: \"By saturday\u2019s post I received a Letter from Mr Christopher Cowper, dated the 18 Instant, enclosing one from you of the 23d of June.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0209", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 23 June 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Washington, George\n               Dear SirLondon 23 June 1794\n               on Sunday the 15th of this month I arrived here. the next Day I made Inquiries for Mr Lear, and was informed that he had gone to Liverpool to embark for america. I asked whether it was probable that Letters sent by the post would find him still there\u2014the answer was, that it was highly improbable. under these Circumstances & well knowing the jealous Attention now paid to Letters passing thru the post office, I thought it most adviseable to forbear making the Experiment, and to return that Letter to You.\n               My letter of this Date to Mr Randolph contains an exact Account of the present State of the affairs of my mission here.  I shall be disappointed if no good should result. as yet the Minister stands entirely uncommitted. From some light Circumstances I incline to believe that our mercantile Injuries will be redressed, but how, or how far, I cannot conjecture. My next Conference will doubtless place Things in more particular, and in clearer points of view.\n               Doctr Gordon has Information which he relies upon, that the Posts will not be surrendered, and he authorizes me to tell you so in Confidence\u2014His Information does not make so strong an Impression on my mind as it does on his\u2014it merits attention, but in my opinion is not conclusive.\n               The observations I have hitherto made induce me to believe that the war with France is popular; and that a War with us would be unpopular. The word Jacobin is here a Term of Reproach, & used as such among the common people\u2014They who wish the Reform of this Government do I apprehend wish a certain Degree of Success to the present french Cause, not because they like it, but because they think such Success would promote their favorite Objects. I often hear Gentlemen converse on these Subjects, but think it prudent to be reserved\u2014as to their internal Parties and Divisions, I make it a Rule to remain silent.\n               Your administration is greatly commended. The Idea entertained by some of applying private Debts to compensate public Injuries, alarms and disgusts, and empairs Credit. I am anxious to have it in my power to communicate something decisive. as yet I am entirely satisfied with the minister\u2014I ought to add, that Mr Pinckney\u2019s Conduct relative to me, corresponds with my Ideas of Delicacy and propriety. with perfect Respect Esteem and Attachment I am Dear Sir your obliged and obedt Servt\n                  P.S. The enclosed Copies of a note of the 19th Inst: from Lord Grenville and of my answer, afford Indications of his present Temper, that will not escape you.  It is always useful to communicate such papers, but seldom useful to publish them.  publications unnecessarily and frequently made naturally encrease Reserve and Circumspection to such a Degree, as in real measure to exclude Confidence and Conversation, and to confine negociation to the slow and wary mode of written\n                     Communications\u2014written too under the Impression & Expectation of publication.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0210", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Burgess Ball, 24 June 1794\nFrom: Ball, Burgess\nTo: Washington, George\n               I am happy to hear you are again at Mount Vernon, and hope you are still in health.\n               My Health for a considerable time (many Months) has been in a delicate situation indeed, but, I thank God, I think I am now gaining flesh & Strength again\u2014From 184 lbs. I was reduced to 147\u2014a loss of 37 lbs. in a frame not very corpolent. The immense quantity of rains, cloudy and disagreeable Weather, not only has occasion\u2019d much sickness, but I fear will cause the Crops of wheat &c. to be very short\u2014I thank God my Crop at present is much better than I cou\u2019d have expected\u2014I have cut my Early wheat & from the 9 Bush: I sow\u2019d, I hope to make 120\u2014And, from abt 140 of the wh[i]t[e] wheat that I sow\u2019d I hope to make at least 1500\u2014I fear your Crop is much injured, as I\u2019ve hear\u2019d it is generally the Case in Fairfax. We have just retur\u2019d from Colo. Washingtons where we were abt 14 days\u2014The Old Gent. is very hearty, & keeps himself generally quite Cool\u2014I recommended it to him to amuse himself with reading, and he is very desireous to get a proper readg Glass, which he thinks he cou\u2019d use with advantage, but Spectacles he says he has often tryed without any. we have moved to our own Land, in a Dutch House 20 feet square without any fire place, to which we are puttg a Shed, & shall put a Chimny for a temporary convenience, as we\u2019ve not yet fix\u2019d on the Spott to build upon. Immediately after Harvest I intend settg abt buildg a Tilt mill (or Tilt Hammer) wch is a small kind of a Forge for makg Tools of all kinds, and which from every Information, is profitable.\n               I have for some time had a thought of writing to you, to begg you wd be so good as to endeavour to find out some clever Man as a Manager for that Bussiness, which I thought perhaps you wd readily do from Mr Robt Morris, or some Gent. who may have the same kind of Works. Colo. Nathl Burwell of Frederick County has one of those Mills, & advises me to have one\u2014He & his Manager (who works constant) go halvs, that is, the Mill being all in Order for Bussiness, all the other Hands employed and all Expences of every denomination are jointly paid & the profits afterwards equally divided\u2014This I wd readily also do, and, if it\u2019s not trespassing too much on your goodness and time, I wd begg the liberty of requestg you to endeavour to send me a proper Manager as soon as possible. I have a valuable Streem of Water, & am exceedingly anxious to put some Improvements on it, which if I cannot myself carry on properly, I may rent to great profit; and which in Case of Death (which no Person can\n                  be exempted from!) will render the situation of my Family more easy & comfortable.\n               As another Improvement on my Streem, I intend also immediately to fix up a good Distillery\u2014The Main Mill Seat, at the Mouth of the run, I mean not to interfere with, but wd be willg to lett it for a length of time to a Person who wd return it well improved with proper Mills, as a Compensation for the time. This I\u2019m told is often done with valuable Situations, & I\u2019m sure mine is one. I hope you\u2019ll excuse my thus troubling you. Fanny joins in every good Wish for you & yours, & I am Dr sir Yr Affect. Hbe set", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0211", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 24 June 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The inclosed Letter from the Collector of Hampton, of the 26th of May, shews that the necessity of appointing a successor to that Officer has at length become absolute, & suggests some names for consideration.\n               Another letter from mister Carrington of 19th of December last suggests another name.  The enquiry was made of Mister Carrington with your permission, but with cautious guards against commitment, which he mentions having observed.\n               The papers from the office which have been under the management of Mister Smith, tho\u2019 they are not of a nature to decide much concerning his ability, owing to the little business done in that scene, have been in good order. And the post Master General who in consequence of the circumstance mentioned in mister Smith\u2019s letter (herewith also sent) has been consulted, says, that he was well recommended to him, and has conducted his business in that station with regularity.\n               But my experience of the invariable judiciousness of Mister Carrington\u2019s recommendations, induces me to have great\n                  confidence in the eligibility of the character he has named. Perhaps further lights where you are will assist the nomination of a proper successor. With perfect respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0212", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Lee, 24 June 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  My dear President.\n               I consider myself very fortunate in arriving here at the same time that you did as I shall have the unexpected pleasure of seeing you.\n               Presuming that your stay will be short & knowing how much you will be engaged in your farm business, I beg leave to ask what day this week will be most convenient for you to be seeen & to present the most sincere respects of your devoted & affec: friend\n                  I have just heard of the death of Col. Lee of Chantilly which took place on the 19th inst.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0213", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Knox, Henry\n               Dear SirMount Vernon 25th June 1794.\n               Your letter of the 18th instt came to me by the Post wch arrived in Alexandria on Monday evening.  It is not more unusual\n                  than it is difficult to account for the motives wch induce Gov. M\u2014\u2014\u2019s either to antedate or to detain after they are written the letters which I receive from him.  That there is design in it, admits of little doubt in my mind.\n               The publication respecting Genl Wayne, which you will find in the enclosed Paper taken from the Martinsburgh gazette is very unpleasant; it is said to be the production of one Glen, or Lynn a resigned Officer; but which, or whether either, of these is the name Doctr Craik who gave it to me, was not sure.  I am at a loss to decide what notice ought to be taken of such a publication\u2014something however, on public & private acct seems to require that he should not be left ignorant of the accusations charged\u2014You will consider the case well and act accordingly.\n               Going from the Federal City (on Sunday morning) to view the Locks, & Canal at the little Falls of Potomac my horse, whose feet had got very tender from the journey blundered & continued blundering until by violent exertions on my part to save him & myself from falling among the Rocks, I got such a wrench in my back as to prevent m<e> from mounting a horse without pain, of course it has deprived me, in a great degree, of the accomplishment of the purpos. of my visit to this place\u2014Whether it will retard my return a few days longer than I had allotted is more than I am able, at this moment, to decide; it shall not if I can avoid it without injuring myself. I am\u2014Your Affecte", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0215", "content": "Title: From George Washington to James Monroe, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Monroe, James\n               I expected to have put the enclosed into your hands at Baltimore, on my way to this place; but you had left it in the morning of the day I got there.\n               I now beg leave to trouble you with the delivery\u2014or the forwarding of it.\n               I hope you & Mrs Monroe have had a pleasant passage, and are well.  My best respects attend her, and I am Dear Sir Your Obedt & Very Hble Serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0217", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 25 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n               Dear SirMount Vernon June 25th 1794.\n               Monday\u2019s Post brought me your letter of the 18th instant, with its enclosures.\n               The Minister of his Britanic Majesty seems more disposed to be captious than conciliatory. Whether it proceeds from his ideas of policy\u2014the advice of his councellers\u2014or a natural petulance of temper, remains to be developed.\n               The enclosed letter from a Mr Reuben Harvey, is similar to one I recd from him some time ago, and which I either gave, or intended to give, to you. Do, as shall appear to you right with them.\n               I shall endeavor to be back by the time I allotted before I left Philadelphia, if I am able\u2014but an exertion, to save my horse and self from falling among rocks at the lower Falls of the Potomac (whither I went on Sunday morning to see the Canal & Locks) has wrenched my back in such a manner as to prevent my riding\u2014and, hitherto, has defeated the purposes for which I came home. My stay here will only be until I can ride with ease & safety, whether I accomplish my own business or not. I am sincerely and Affectionately Yrs", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0219", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Martha Washington, 25 June 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Martha Washington\nLetter not found: to Martha Washington, 25 June 1794. Martha Washington wrote Frances Bassett Washington on 30 June: \"I have been so unhappy about the Presidt that I did not know what to do with myself\u2014he tells me in his letter of wednesday that he is better\" (CGlF).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0220-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 26 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n                  I do myself the honor of inclosing to you a letter from Mr Fauchet, my answer, and my letter to Mr Gore, relative to the prosecution against Mr Juteau, chancellor of the Consulate of the French Republic in Boston.  I trust, that the harshness of the proceeding will be found not to have been premeditated, and to be no more, than what the forms of the courts in Massachusetts dictated. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect and attachment yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0220-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure I: Jean-Antoine-Joseph Fauchet to Edmund Randolph, 18 June 1794\nFrom: Fauchet, Jean-Antoine-Joseph\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n                  Sir,Philadelphia 30 Prairial2 year of the French Republicone & indivisible. (18. June 1794)\n                  I have this moment received a letter from the Consul of the French Republic, at Boston, informing me that his suspicions relative to the conduct of Mr Gore have been realised\u2014notwithstanding the opinion of the attornies, notwithstanding the opinion of C. Sullivan, notwithstanding even the opinion of the Judges, as is pretended, he has obliged the Chancellor Juteau, to appear at the Bar, and has read publicly the letter of the President, as hitherto the parliament of France has caused to be read, pardons granted by the Despot.\n                  This conduct, Sir, you have assured me, is contrary to the intentions of the President. It is impossible for me not to be fully persuaded of it; but I with freedom avow to you, that I am sensibly moved at the judiciary haughtiness, and indecent partiality of a man whose functions require a perfect impassibility. I should have preferred the mode of pursuing, of pleading, to this manner of stopping the suits. That which I had proposed myself, and which seemed to me to be agreeable to the Government of the U.S. was to stifle every thing that might countenance the idea, that any division existed between the representatives of the two nations\u2014that their respective principles should be brought in question.\n                  The scandalous publicity given to my proceedings, to that of the President, tends only to produce a contrary effect to that which we had both expected; one still more serious is produced, that of leaving under the weight of accusation an innocent man, who had obeyed superiour orders which he could not avoid following. If the proceedings had been continued, his crime might reasonably have been thrown on the public functionary whom he was not permitted to disobey, whereas by this manner of terminating the proceedings, he appears to have been guilty when in fact he has only fulfilled his duty, and he is now charged with a crime not his own, although that crime may not have been punished. I expect Sir, from the Government, Justice for this malevolence, so contrary to its wishes, and I expect it with so much the more confidence, as I have proved to it invariably, how much my own desire, and that of the People I represent, is to repair the injustices which shall have been committed towards it by the conduct of the agents of the french Republic. accept my esteem", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0221", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to Benjamin Rush, 24 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Rush, Benjamin\n               26 June 1794. Encloses Heinrich Matthias Marcard\u2019s letter to GW of 5 Aug. 1793, which GW gave to Randolph \"with a request that I should answer it.\"  As Marcard\u2019s letter takes \"distinguished notice\" of Rush and \"opens the way for some other pen, than an official one,\" to respond, Randolph asks Rush to reply to the letter.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0222", "content": "Title: Edmund Randolph to John Wilcocks, Jr., 26 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Wilcocks, John Jr.\n               26 June 1794. At GW\u2019s request, replies to Wilcocks\u2019s letter to GW of 29 June 1793. Although always happy \"to assist a stranger who meditates a settlement in our country,\" Randolph will not \"attempt to give\" Wilcocks \"a direction in favor of any place.\"  Rather, he assures him that \"in the wide extent of the United States there may be found a variety of soil and climate, and perhaps even of manners, suited to almost any taste.\"  Wilcocks should come to the United States, where he \"will obtain every information, which may be necessary for your accommodation.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0223", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Thomas Johnson, 27 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Johnson, Thomas\n               I regret not having met you at the Federal City, on my way home; and was concerned for the cause of the disappointment.\n               I have made no choice yet of persons to supply the places of yourself & Doctr Stuart, as Commissioners; nor, in truth, do I know on whom to fix for this purpose, at this stage of the business, & under present circumstances.\n               Mr Greenleaf gave me some reasons to believe that you were about to become a resident of the Federal City. I was pleased therewith; because it created a hope (if this should happen) that you might find it convenient to remain in your present office; and because experience has shewn the expediency of the Commissioners, or one of them at least, residing on the spot.\n               It is too much, I am satisfied, to expect such attendance & services as they have rendered for their present allowance; nor was it ever intended, by me, to impose so much on them for such compensation. My ideas (as my letters to all, or some of the Gentlemen will prove) always were, that it was the part of a Superintendant to perform what has been done by the Commissioners themselves. But I see a greater difficulty since the trials that have been made than I did before, in getting a man adequate to this business; and therefore some change in the system seems indispensible.\n               I cannot, however, think of making any material change in it without placing it at the option of yourself & Doctor Stuart to avail yourselves thereof; altho\u2019 he seems resolved from the last conversation I had with him, against continuing at any rate; but suggested an idea which strikes me, at first sight, favorably, if the law (which I have not by me to consult, nor would wish to bring before Congress for amendment) would justify the measure.  It is, that one of the Commissioners (who should be obliged to reside in the City) shall be the acting person; and be well paid for his superintendance and the particular attention he shall give to the business. That at stated periods, or as occasion might require, the other two, whether of the City or Country, should attend, and be compensated by the day, or otherwise, according to the trouble, or extent of their services. In this case the funds might afford adequate compensation for actual services.\n                  And in this case also, it would be gratifying to me, and I dare say to others, if you would be the resident Commissioner, & Superintendant.\n               I see but one thing that can be suggested as an objection to such a plan, and that is blending the Offices of Commissioner and Superintendant in the same person; but I can see many advantages that would result from it in the hands of a competent character, on the spot.\n               If this plan cannot be adopted, some other & better allowance than the present must be made to the three; all, or some of whom, must reside in the City. But to allow \u00a3600 pr annum to each, is more, I conceive, than would meet approbation, although it might not be more than they deserved.\n               I would thank you for your full & candid sentiments upon the several parts of this letter, and as soon as convenient. If I am able, from the wrench I got at the lower falls on sunday last, to travel, I shall set off for Philadelphia on thursday next\u2014you will be pleased therefore to direct to me here, or there, according to the time you may receive this letter. With much esteem & regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Yr Most Obedt & Affece", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0224", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Charles Lee, 27 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lee, Charles\n               If you will be so good as to let me know what I am indebted to you on acct of Colvills Estate\u2014or any other\u2014I will pay the money before I return, or leave the same for my manager to do. I am\u2014Dr Sir Your obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0225", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 27 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n               I have duly recd your several Letters of the 20th 21st & 22d instt, with their enclosures. The only matter which seems to require my immediate attention is contained in the last of them.\n               I am not disposed under my present view of the case, to inform Mr Hammond that Our Envoy at the Court of London shall be specially instructed on the point of compensation, for British vessels captured by French Priv[atee]rs, contrary to the rules which have been established by this Govt as the general Powers of the sd Envoy extends to, & embrace this object. <But wo>uld it be amiss to let him <know infor>mally & verbally that Mr Jays Powers go to this, as well as to other cases. I well remember the precaution I used to prevent any further commitment of the Executive on this head than a mere expression of his opinion as to the expediency of the measure. This having been complied with in the communication to Congress of the 5th of Decr the matter had better remain, in my opinion, upon the ground it now stands until things are a little more developed. In the mean time, some such written Official answer as you have suggested (softened as it can well bear) might be given to Mr Hammond.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0227", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 27 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that he has disposed of all the private letters, which he put into his hands to be answered, except the inclosed to Allen.  The reason for omitting this is endorsed on the cover.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0228", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Harriot Washington, 27 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, Harriot\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Fredericksburg [Va.] June 27th 1794\n               I wrote a letter to my Honord Uncle some time ago, and mentioned in it that I was very much in want of some summer dresses, and should be much obliged to My dear Uncle if he would either send them or send Aunt Lewis the money to purchase them, I hope you will excuse my importuning you with a letter on the same subject, as I concluded by my not receiving an answer from you, that my letter had either been mislaid or it had never reached your hand\u2019s.\n               Mrs Paine from Philadelphia pass\u2019d through this town about a fortnight ago, and by her I received an invitation from Brother George to return with her and spend the summer and fall, she is to be in this town next week I thought it better to write to you in the meanwhile to know if you approved of it, I am very anxious to see them but if My dear Uncle has any objection to it, I will not go, Aunt Lewis has had the Ague and fever all the summer, and has some thought\u2019s of going to Berkley herself but it would be impossible she could carry all of us. We have heard of your arrival at Mount Vernon and it has given us great pleasure to hear you are very well.\n               Aunt Lewis join\u2019s me in love to you and Cousin Washington.  I am Honor\u2019d Uncle Your affectionate Neice\n                  Harriot Washington\n                  P.S. Aunt Lewis desired me to tell you that she hoped you had better luck with your wheat than she has or anyone in this neighbourhood for we have had so much rain that the wheat is not worth cutting.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0229", "content": "Title: To George Washington from David Humphreys, 28 June 1794\nFrom: Humphreys, David\nTo: Washington, George\n               By every opportunity which has occurred, I have endeavoured to keep you informed of the great events taking place in Europe, through the medium of my correspondence with the Secretary of State. While affairs have been growing every day more & more interesting and critical, I have had many conversations with the public Agents of Denmark & Sweden (who alone seem to be disposed to oppose resistance to the maritime aggressions of England) on the subject of mutual defense & assistance, in case our several nations should ul[t]imately be forced to take a part in the present war. At the same time I gave them to understand, that my observations were merely those of a private Person, and not in an official character: but that common sense must point out what was reciprocally beneficial. The Agents of those Nations here, I know have written to their Courts on the subject. The Convention entered into between those two Courts is a great step.  They seem (in spite of predictions to the contrary on account of supposed jealousies) to see & pursue their true interests. From the apparent firmness & wisdom of the Duke Regent of Sweden much is to be expected. Nor will the councils of Denmark be unenlightened, weak or impolitic, so long as the Comte Bernstorff (the present Minister) shall be at the head of them. All concur in giving the highest testimony to his integrity, ability & popolarity.  The combined fleet of those two nations is ready for Sea. I cannot help thinking that a hearty concurrence between the neutral Powers would have a powerful influence on the actual political state of Europe; that such a coalition would either prevent them from being driven involuntarily into hostility; or in all events enable them to support by arms\n                  their rights (which have been grossly insulted) as independent nations. In this point of view, I have perhaps considered such a junction in common Cause as more practicable & more important than many others have done; and have endeavoured accordingly as an individual to contribute whatever might be in my power to pave the way for the accomplishment of such a combination. At least, it is no improbable event, that, under their mediation, a general Peace may ultimately be established, when all parties are sufficiently tired of war, to think of negociating. G. Britain is the only Power among the Allies, that seems in any condition to prosecute the war much longer, and, notwithstanding her immense private resources and the late splendid action at Sea, it will be found, I believe, that the war will become more & more unpopular until its termination. The British Ministry seem indeed to be playing a desperate game, & there is no calculating how it will end.\n               Kosciusko is by the last accounts going on well. I dread however the result from the formidable force that will be opposed to the Poles. Unanimity is every thing. If they hold out this Campaign, I trust the Insurrection will terminate in Independence. There is no estimating the efforts of Liberty, urged by Desparation.\n               This letter will be delivered to you by Captn Heysell, commander of a Danish Ship, who is lately from France and appears to be an intelligent & respectable man; and as such I recommend him to your protection\u2014he may also be able to give you some informations.\n               With the best & purest wishes for the health & happiness of yourself, Mrs Washington, & all that are most dear to you, I have the honour to be, with every grateful sentiment, My dear & respected Sir, Your most affectionate friend & humble Servant\n                  P.S. I enclose a Copy of Lord Howes\u2019s official letter, respecting the naval action of the 1st inst.\u2014we have no farther particulars to be depended upon.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0230", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Johnson, 28 June 1794\nFrom: Johnson, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n               Disappointed by Mr Greenleafs not coming and tired of staying here I had wrote to you Yesterday by Doct. Stuart who will have the pleasure of seeing you, and we were just seperating this Morning when I received your Letter of Yesterday.\n               I have long thought it unlucky that the Act of Congress made it necessary to appoint three Comrs\u2014they cannot all act in the Detail with the decision and expedition necessary, even if they all resided on the spot; and though, I believe, a much better Agent than the last might be got, none I suspect of sufficient Weight to be really useful would accept the Employment. As the Act now stands neither of the Comrs can have greater or less power\n                  than another; but as amongst themselves I think there would be no impropriety in arranging that one should be more actively concerned than the others\u2014his Orders it is true would not be imperative but he might see to the Execution of Things resolved on, propose many and even prepare some for Confirmation and his Requests to those employed in the Service would perhaps be more attended to than our Orders are now\u2014The state of Things now shows that the Eyes of one or more of the Comrs should be on the Work every Day and perhaps best at uncertain Hours for the Work does not go on with the Vigour it ought.\n               Your desire to retain me as principal gives me pleasure in this that it evinces the Satisfaction you have in my Endeavours to be useful: but before I went so far as to mention with Doctr Stuart 600\u00a3 a Year as a moderate Compensation to each Commissioner who could and would do his Duty my Resolution was finally taken, and I do not know of any Event which would induce me to stand the Mark of Calumny and gross Abuse as I have done for near three Years past. Sincerely do I wish there was a greater Plenty of Men for Choice who could and would do better; one of the Commissioners ought to have legal Knowledge deeper than the meer Surface or else be no Lawyer at all\u2014I do not suppose that every Thing which has past through my Hands will be free from Cavil but I have the satisfaction that we have had fewer Disputes on them than might have been expected under all Circumstances\u2014I begg you sir that I may be discharged by the first of August and I am the more earnest in this Request because of my having openly said on several Occasions that I should not act longer.\n               I always have pleasure in meeting you: Circumstances would not allow it on your way to Mount Vernon and I despair of seeing you on your way to Philadelphia\u2014Doctr Stuart will inform you of the Substance of a serious Conversa. we have had on levelling Streets and allowing Areas to be cut out of them.\n               I shall be glad to hear of your setting out for Philadelphia at the Time you design\u2014recovered perfectly from the Accident you met with. and remain sir, with the truest Respect, Your affectionate Servant,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0231", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Israel Shreve, 29 June 1794\nFrom: Shreve, Israel\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Fayette County Pennsylvania 29th June 1794\n               A few days ago Mr Samuel Jackson of Redstone Informed me that Last Winter your Excellency offered your tract of Land (whereon I Live) Commonly Called Washingtons Bottom Containing Sixteen hundred forty four Acres and a Quarter for Sale, at thirty Shillings \u214c Acre One third the Purchace Money In hand paid, the Residue, On Interest untill paid.\n               If Mr Jacksons <In>formation was right, and the Said Lands Still for Sale at that price, I would Wish to purchace It, And Engage to make the first payment the first day of April Next, and Give Bond and the Land In Security with Interest from that time untill paid, a few Lines from your Excellency with Information about the Matter will be Gratefully receivd, And Acknowledged as an Honour done me, If the Said Lands Is not Sold and yet to be Disposed of at the above Mentioned price, I desire the refusal of It upon this My promise to preform My offer, and where your Excellency Expects to be the first of September next, when I will Endeavour to Wate upon you, to Close the Bargan and Enter into the propper Writeings &c., My Lease will End the first day of April Next, and as I am on the Land It will Suit me to Buy almost better than any other person.\n               A Letter Directed to me, by the post to Pittsburgh will come Directly to me. I am with unfeigned Respect your Excellencys Most Obedient, Servant,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0232", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 30 June 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n               Your Letter of the 24th instant, covering the resignation of the Collector of Hampton, and a letter from Colo. Carrington recommending a successor to that office, came to hand by the last post.\n               As Govr Lee is (I believe) yet in Alexandria, I will suspend my choice in hopes of deriving some aid from his information on this head; as he has lately been a good deal in the neighbourhood of Hampton. I do it too, because I expect to commence my journey for Philadelphia on Thursday next, & because I hope no inconvenience in the interim will result from the delay.\n               Further communications from your department may be suspended until my return to Philada, especially as I am not determined as to my rout\u2014wishing to travel the smoothest road.\n               You have said nothing respecting a Successor to the Collector of York.  This matter, in order that equal justice may be measured to all, is necessary.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0233", "content": "Title: To George Washington from David Humphreys, 30 June 1794\nFrom: Humphreys, David\nTo: Washington, George\n               (Secret & confidential)\n               My dear Sir.Lisbon June 30th 1794.\n               Before this shall arrive, you will probably have received information from Mr Pinckney, that a new Treaty has some time since been concluded in London, between G. Britain & Portugal. I\n                  knew that such a measure was attempted a year ago by the British Minister here, without effect. The above-mentioned Treaty, negociated by Lord Grenville & Don John de Almeida (the Portuguese Minister in London) must have been known in London much sooner than here, for it was not until yesterday that I could obtain a sight of it.\n               The Treaty in question, is not in name offensive & defensive, although it is nearly so in reality. For this purpose, it required little more than to renew the different clauses which are to be found in the ancient Treaties between the two nations. But there are some articles expressed in terms so offensive to the existing Government of France, as to give sufficient ground for the declaration of war on their part, whensoever the policy of that Country shall decide, that it will be more convenient to be in hostility than at peace with Portugal.\n               At a time when so many contingencies may prevent letters from reaching their destination, it might be imprudent, if not unprofitable, to speak largely of the Partizans of G. Britain in this Country, or the particular influence by which this negociation was carried on. Suffice it to say, that It occasioned warm debates in council when concluded; that the Minister of Marine by whose nephew it was negotiated was the great supporter of it; that he is the strongest advocate for a connection with G. Britain & [being] very old can not live long; that the more liberal part of the nation & particularly the youth <illegible> at that humiliationg connection. The prince observe principal part of the Ministry seem not to have firmness enough to resist measures which they do not fully approve. If Great B. meets with bad success Portugal will shew its strong hatred: If not, it negitive become more a province than it has been.\n               If this Treaty should result in a war it would be generally considered here as the most disadvantageous event which could happen to the Country The usual System of procrastination, indecision, & postponing has on former occasions been of infinite use in keeping the nation out of war. They grew rich during the American war. Their prosperity has been continually encreasing during the present war.\n               Two days ago, I had an interview with the Secry of State for foreign affairs\u2014In the course of conversation he told me, that the Court of London was satisfied with what this Court had\n                  done interrupting the Truce with Algiers.  Upon my putting him in mind of my Memorial of the 8th of March, he said, that circumstances had hitherto prevented an answer from being given, that the Chev[alie]r Freire had actually (after much difficulty) engaged a vessel to carry him to the U.S., that after having in consequence of his arrival had some preliminary informations, he (the Minister of State) should be very ready & happy to take the subject up, and that, in the mean time, he could assure me of the good dispositions & sincere desires of his Court to meet those of the U.S. in strengthening the ties & forming the most friendly connections between the two Countries.  I report nearly the expressions, in order, that, by comparing facts & observations a judgment may be formed.\n               To day or to morrow, a Portuguese fleet of four Ships of the Line, one frigate & two Brigs is to sail, destiny unknown, but probably part or all for England.\n               Admiral Melvil with the Dutch fleet is still here waiting for orders.\n               I entreat you will be persuaded, that I shall use my utmost endeavours to comply with your wishes as expressed in the letter of the Secry of State of May 10th.  With the purest sentiments of veneration & esteem, I have the honour to be, My dear Sir Your most faithful friend & devoted Servant\n                  N.B. The Cypher is that which was received by Mr Barclay at Cadiz Decr 24. 1792. That is, the Cypher for Algerine Affairs.  One of your Secretaries, by borrowing the Key or Counterpart from Mr Randolph, can readily decypher the figures. I should have addressed that part to the Secry of State, but that by being deposited in his office it might be open to the inspection of many.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0236", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 30 June 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               I had the honor of receiving Your letter from Mount Vernon of the 24th instant.\n               The accident, which befel you, had been the subject of much anxious inquiry; and I was very happy to be able to say, that it was not of a serious magnitude. Lest, however, your zeal for public duty should induce you to commence your return sooner than may suit your ease, I can assure you from the departments of war and of state, that there is no call of the least urgency for your return. General Knox, who is too much afflicted with the Rheumatism to write by this mail, informs me, that there is nothing new by the western mail.\n               Cooper\u2019s vessel, of which you have heard so much, is ordered by Mr Fauchet to be absolutely dismantled. General Knox has sent down Capt. Dale to see the busines<s> done; and authorizes me to say, that in the arrangement of the execution of the dismantling, Mr Fauchet manifested great cordiality, and liberality.  Mr Hammond will, I suppose, be vexed, that we have done, what ought to be done without affording opportunity for his gnawing. He will be surprized to hear it.\n               Mr Adams is not yet arrived.\n               I am employed in our foreign correspondence, which presents so large a field of matter, that with the many interruptions from current business, I am afraid, that I shall not get thro\u2019 it before your return. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect and sincere attachment yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0237", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Francis Deakins, 1 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Deakins, Francis\n               The letter with which you were pleased to favor me, dated the 12th Ulto I received at George Town on my way to this place.\n               I am much obliged to you for your ready compliance with my request, and for the trouble you have taken to examine into the trespasses which have been committed on my part of Woodstock manner. The footing on which you have placed the collection & deposit of the Rents, on my behalf, is very agreeable to me; & I thank you for the assurance that you will have an eye to my interest in your neighbourhood.\n               I should greatly prefer the cultivation of Wheat to Tobacco, on those Lands; & I should have thought myself happy in having such a tenant as Mr Oneil; but it is long, since I have formed a fixed resolution never to let land to any one who does not live on it; but adjoining thereto because from experience I have found in all these cases that my land has always been pressed hard to save their own; and of the improvements which it ought to receive from the stock, Litter &ca it has been robbed for the benefit of the other. I mean by no means to suggest that this would be the case with Mr Oneil; but to shew the principle on wch my resolution has been founded. Besides, it might be inconvenient perhaps to the Tenants that are on the land to be dispossessed. With great esteem, I am Sir Yr most Obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0239", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Burgess Ball, 2 July 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Burgess Ball\nLetter not found: to Burgess Ball, 2 July 1794. A cover addressed in GW\u2019s writing to \"Colo. Burgess Ball near Leesburgh\" and docketed \"2d July 1794\" was owned (1993) by Christopher Wilson, Arlington, Va. Ball\u2019s letter to GW of 15 July acknowledges the receipt of a letter that has not been found.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0240", "content": "Title: To George Washington from \"Christain Charity\", 2 July 1794\nFrom: \u201cChristain Charity\u201d\nTo: Washington, George\n               you are now in The Decline of Life and Lived To See Some Remarkable Events and you have now Time to Consider your own Transactions That you may Give an Account of all The Good you have Done and How you have Employd your Talents I hope Sir you will Take Some Pity on The Two Poor Children Belonging to Late French King and Prevail with The Present Ruling Power to Show them Some Respect if you Sir or any man in America has Gaind any thing by your Independance it is To the Late French King you are Indebted and in Gratitude you are Bound To Asist his Children Consider Sir what a Reverse of Fortune That Family has Experiencd and how Cruelly they are Treated and as a man and a Christian Prevail with them if you can To accomadate matters that Peace and Tranquility may be Establishd and Employ your Latter Days in acts of Charity and if you Take my advise you will Have your Reward Hereafter.\n                  Christain Charity", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0241", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 2 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n               Your private letter of the 22d of June came duly to hand, and for the opinion contained it, I thank you. I always feel sincere gratification from the frankness, and unreserved advice of my friends, whether it coincides with my own sentiments or not.\n               As Congress, to whom the matter was referred, did not (from causes unknown to me) think proper to take up the subject of compensation for British vessels, captured by the proscribed Privateers of France; and as this is one of the subjects committed to Mr Jays negotiation, or at least within his powers, I do not feel disposed to make any further, or more pointed declaration to Mr Hammond on this head, at this time. My understanding of the original communication of this business to that Gentleman, differs very widely from your interpretation of it.  It is well known to the late Secretary of State, that more than once, I pointedly desired that the expression might be so guarded as to convey nothing more than an opinion of the Executive. This, it may be said (and I think) ought to have been, confirmed by the Legislature; but the fact is otherwise: and although the usage of other Nations may be opposed to this practice; the difference may result from the difference between their Constitutions and ours, & from the prerogative of their Executives. The powers of the Executive of the U. States are more definite, & better understood perhaps than those of almost any other Country; and my aim has been, & will continue to be, neither to stretch, nor relax from them in any instance whatever, unless imperious circumstances shd render the measure indispensible.\n               Under this view of the Subject, unless the case was more urgent than I think it, the matter (as it respects Mr Hammond) had better I conceive remain on the footing it now stands; although I have no objection, as I had written to the Secretary of State (before I had received your private letter) that he might be informed informally, & verbally, that the negotiation of this, as well as other matters was transmitted to his own Court.  With sincere esteem & regard I am Dear Sir Your Affectionate", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0242", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 2 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n               The Commission for the Postmaster General, is signed and returned. The other for the Marshall of the District of North Carolina is also signed & forwarded by Post.\n               Tomorrow I commence my journey for the Seat of the Governmt.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0243", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 2 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               E. Randolph has the honor of enclosing to the President a letter from Jacob Wray, of Hampton in Virginia, which is intelligible in no part of it, but what relates to a case belonging to the President.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0244", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 2 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The expression in the opinion of the secretary of the treasury, to which you refer in your favor of the 27th ultimo, appears to me to amount to this: that we have lost ground in not being able to give as strong proofs of our neutrality now, as we were some time ago. No doubt he alluded principally to the rejection of the clause, sent from the senate to the house of representatives, for prohibiting the sale of prizes; and the general predilection discovered by that house in favor of the French nation.\n               The day before yesterday I heard by accident that the vessel, for which Mr Fauchet had obtained a passport, was captured and carried into Bermuda, with one hundred and fifty barrels of powder on board. I immediately wrote to Mr Fauchet, and am hourly expecting his answer.  I also wrote to Mr Fitzsimmons, who was supposed to be able to assist me with information, and who has promised it.  The day after, that is, yesterday morning, Mr Hammond gave me information of the affair; and I returned for answer, that I had been pursuing the inquiry, and would notify to him the result.\n               I expect to be able to inform you by the next mail of the opinions of the gentlemen upon the propriety of sending powers to some American in Europe, who may go to Denmark and Copenhagen, to mature a concert of our navy with theirs for the defence of neutral rights on the sea. But it is proposed, that nothing be done in this matter, unless Mr Jay approve; and therefore the powers are intended to be submitted to his discretion.\n               Colo. Hamilton and myself have revived the loan for Algiers, and he will I presume submit the plan to your consideration without delay.\n               General Knox was yesterday said to be confined to his bed with the Rheumatism. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect and attachment yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0245", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 4 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of State has the honor of reporting to the President of the U.S. upon such of the laws of the last session of congress, as were not published at the time of the former report.\n               No. 34. \u00a0 for the relief of persons imprisoned for debt.\n               35 \u00a0 Next annual meeting of congress.\n               36. \u00a0 Extending the time of loans.\n               37. \u00a0 for paying the interest of the balances to the States.\n               38. \u00a0 Compensating Arthur St Clair.\n               40. \u00a0 Payment to Bank. \u00a0 President to apply 200,000 dolls. of foreign loans.\n               41. \u00a0 Laying Embargoes. \u00a0 Eventual power to President.\n               45. \u00a0 Duties upon Carriages.\n               46. \u00a0 Building of Gallies. \u00a0 Eventual power to President.\n               47 \u00a0  Commissioners of loans.\n               48. \u00a0 Duties on licences.\n               49. \u00a0 Duties on Spirits. \u00a0 President to appoint supervisors & inspectors.\n               50. \u00a0 Punishment of crimes. \u00a0 President to execute 7th and 8th Sections.\n               51. \u00a0 Duties on Sugar & Snuff.\n               52. \u00a0 Provision for frontiers. \u00a0 President may increase rations.\n               54. \u00a0 Additional duties.\n               55. \u00a0 Additional allowance to Clerks.\n               56. \u00a0 Robert Forsyth\u2019s family.\n               59. \u00a0 Lighthouses & Beacons.\n               61. \u00a0 Health-officer for Baltimore.\n               62. \u00a0 Patents to Virginia line. \u00a0 Eventual power to President.\n               of these several Laws the President is to have an agency in the following.\n               No. 40. \u00a0 Secretary of the Treasury.\n               49. \u00a0 Secretary of the Treasury.\n               63. \u00a0 Secretary of Treasury.\n               Note! the eventual powers are not here considered, as they call for no immediate exertion, of this denomination are No. 41. 46. 62\u2014No. 46 is supposed not to require immediate action for what has already passed. \u00a0 No. 50. is extremely important and requires very particular attention from the President as to the manner of deputing the power.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0247", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Sinclair, 5 July 1794\nFrom: Sinclair, John\nTo: Washington, George\n               I beg to recommend, the bearer William Strickland Esqr., a Gentleman of considerable property in yorkshire, and an honorary member of the Board of agriculture, to your Excellency\u2019s attention.  He will have the pleasure of communicating to you, the progress we have made in ascertaining the present state of the husbandry of this country, and the means of its improvement. This great undertaking will soon be completed, and, I flatter myself will be not a little serviceable to america, as well as to Great Britain. I hope soon to have the pleasure of sending a complete set of our Reports.  With great truth & regard believe me your Excellency\u2019s very faithful humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0248", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Ferdinando Fairfax, 6 July 1794\nFrom: Fairfax, Ferdinando\nTo: Washington, George\n               This is not intended as one of the many troublesome applications which are daily presented to you\u2014but merely as a suggestion, to be used in such manner, as your judgment, upon further inquiry, shall direct.\n               Doctor William Thornton whose attachment to the principles & spirit of our Government and the manners of our citizens, has led him to prefer this country, even with the sacrifice of considerable pecuniary interest, being desirous of fixing himself in the neighbrhood of the city of Washington, wou\u2019d willingly accept of some appointment in w\u2019ch his talents might contribute to the Public Advantage by advancing the growth or Prosperity of the City. It is not at his request or desire that I write this letter, nor is it to be considered as an application, either direct or indirect from him: But knowing that 2 of the present Commissioners intend shortly to resign, and supposing that some difficulties will occur, first to find out such men as are capable of acting in that Capacity, and then to know whether they wou\u2019d chuse to accept an appointment, I am induced to inform you that I have heard this gentleman express a wish to be serviceable, either in this office or in any other respecting the City, w\u2019ch might be advantageous to the Public, and at the same time not unbecoming his Character & Situation in Life.\n               From a pretty good acquaintance with him, as well as from general repute, I believe him to possess uncommon Talents, and to have cultivated particularly those Branches of Science which are most useful in this business\u2014and, what is of equal or perhaps more consequence, to have a large share of Public Spirit, and great integrity.\n               He has a Plan of a National University, which appears to deserve attention, and w\u2019ch, at some convenient time, he is desirous of submitting to your Consideration.\n               When I began this Letter I intended to have said very little\u2014perhaps I have said too much, but hope the subject and the\n                  Motives will excuse this Trouble from Sir Your most respectful and most humble Servant\n                  Ferdno Fairfax", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0250", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Lawrence Augustine Washington, 7 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, Lawrence Augustine\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Philadelphia 7th July 1794\n               The peculiarity of my situation at present, is such, as to produce a desire to leave this place. I find that, from a cause, which I do not pretend to justify, the worst construction is placed on all my actions. That things which would otherwise, be looked upon,\n                  as indifferent, are construed into faults. Having often learnt from your own mouth, that your expenses here, vastly exceed the compensation allowed President, & knowing that I have hitherto been an additional charge to you. Being told, that you do not intend in future, to advance any more money in my behalf. The expensiveness of the place & the difficulty of getting regular remittances from Berkeley to discharge those debts which I must necessarily contract by continuing here. The full persuasion, that exclusively of the few advantages, which this place affords, I can, with the knowledge which I have already acquired of the Law, pursue the study of it, nearly as profitably in Berkeley, as here. All these circumstances combined, have caused me to determine, with your permission, to leave the city.\n               For your care & attention to my education, from my infancy to this time, I offer my warmest & most unfeigned thanks. Believe me Sir, I am impressed with the deepest & most lively sense of gratitude, for the numberless obligations under which your kindness, has laid me. I never excelled in professions of gratitude & respect, Therefore I shall not attempt it now. I shall only say that I feel more than I could possibly describe.\n               I have written to my Brother, to send me on money to discharge the remaining debts which I owe here, & to bear my expenses to Berkeley.  Until that arives, I shall beg the protection of your roof. I am respected Sir Your obliged & affectione Nephew", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0251", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 8 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Treasury Department July 8. 1794\n               From communications with the Secretary of State, in your absence, it would appear expedient to place the powers in Holland for making a Loan for the purpose of the Algierine-negotiation earlier than may be practicable, if the Minister resident there is to be the agent.  Under this view of the subject, I request your\n                  instruction whether the power shall be sent to our Commissioners at Amsterdam instead of that Minister as has been contemplated.  With the most perfect respect, &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0254-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 9 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  I have the honor to submit to your consideration the following papers.\n                  Letter from James Seagrove\u20144th June 1794.\n                  Letter from Israel Chapin\u20147 June 1794\u2014recd this day\u2014\n                  Narrative of Mr Ewing enclosed in Israel Chapin\u2019s letter of the 12th June 1794\u2014\n                  Depositions of Peter Tuttle and Charles Evans.\n                  Letter from Governor Mifflin, 14th June 1794, to the President of the United States\u2014The copy of a letter from the Secretary of\n                     War in answer thereto, dated 21st June 1794 and the reply of the Governor of 24th June 1794\u2014\n                  Draft of a letter to Drs Anderson and Pollock.\n                  Letter from Robert Elliot\u201422d June 1794\u2014supposed to be written to General Otho H. Williams of Baltimore\u2014recd July 5. 1794.\n                  I have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, Sir, Your most obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0254-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: James Seagrove to Henry Knox, 4 June 1794\nFrom: Seagrove, James\nTo: Knox, Henry\n                  Since I had the honor of writing you on the 28th ultimo by Capt. Skelly, his Excellency the Governor of Georgia arrived here. I have been frequently with him since his being in town, and have conversed freely and at large on the outrageous conduct of the people of this country. I should feel a sincere pleasure in being able to inform you that any measures have been taken by this government to bring to justice the offenders in the late wanton attacks on the Creek Indians, in order to remove the disgrace which hath been brought on this state, and the consequences that may be expected\u2014but I am sorry to say that there does not appear the most distant hope of anything of the kind being done or any exertions made to check the licentious lawless spirit of a certain class of the citizens of this state.\n                  I have always given you my opinion of these people with candor and truth, and what I have predicted I have reason to believe you will shortly come to pass. It is now reduced to a certainty that a very considerable body of the people in the upper part of Georgia have associated for the purpose of setting up an independent government for themselves, on the territory belonging to the Creek Indians. A constitution for this new government is already framed, and the terms of settlement all fixed, and which is to be put into operation without delay. The land on which they are to begin their settlement is that lying between the Oconee & Flint Rivers, and below the Apalachee. Old General Clarke appears to be at their head. I made free to ask Governor Matthews\n                     if he was acquainted with this very extraordinary business. He told me that he was, and he knew it to be absolutely true, and that he had forbid it, but did not believe any attention would be paid to his order. He tells me that he has seen part of their plan and under the hand of General Clarke. They commence by erecting six strong forts from the Oconee to the Oakmulgee, at the distance of ten miles apart, and as their numbers encrease they are to extend their territory.  Thus Sir, you see the strides those lawless men are taking. what will be the consequence or where it will end I will <not p>retend to determine, but I cannot help thinking that there is a premeditated plan formed by designing men in the southern states to involve the general government in a war at all events be it ever so disgraceful or unfavorable.\n                  This conduct of the Georgians will give our neighbours the Spaniards a favorable opening to work on the passions of the Indians and whatever may be the professions of the Court of <Sp>ain toward the United States, that of their Govern<or>s of the Floridas and their Indian Agents are hostile toward us. Having lately seen publications (in consequence of declarations from the Court of Spain) which hold out the appearance of friendship with that Court toward our country, I am impelled to give it as my humble opinion that the same is not sincere so far as respects Indian matters. In order to support this belief of mine I have now enclosed you, the substance of the Governor of New Orleans late call on the Creeks Chickasaws and Cherokees\u2014and I do not hesitate to add, that had it not been for the opposition I gave to his application, and also that of the Governor of St Augustine, they would long since have had the Indians at war on Georgia, as well as on all the western settlements. The talks which I had the honor to inclose you which was sent by <the> Creek nation to these Governors will confirm what I here assert of application having been made to the savages.  It is true that those Governors did it under pretence of opposition to the people said to be assembling under french authority in different states. but Sir those Governors well know that the savages who they should send to war on the frontier of any part of the United States, neither could nor would discriminate between persons of such description and the peaceable well disposed American citizen. On this principle I opposed the application and the talks alluded to proves my success. Since my last letter to you another\n                     Creek Indian has been killed on the Oconee by the Georgians.  I have not to add at present more than that I am sir.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0255", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Thomas McKean, 9 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: McKean, Thomas\n               The President of the United States presents his compliments to Chief Justice McKean; thanks him for the kind enquiry respecting his health. The President will be at home tomorrow at twelve o\u2019Clock, at which time he will be happy to see The Chief Justice & Doct. Priestly.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0256", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 9 July 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 9 July 1794. On 13 July, GW wrote Pearce: \"Your letter of the 9th, with the Reports of the preceeding week came to my hands yesterday.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0257", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 9 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The secretary of state has the honor of inclosing to the President of the U.S. the opinions of the secretary of the treasury and of the attorney-general, upon the propriety of intrusting to Mr Jay eventual powers for some minister, who may concert\n                  with Denmark and Sweden a proper arrangement for the defence of neutral rights. Those gentlemen, as well as the secretary of war are against the measure.  Unless therefore the President sees the subject, as strongly as it is impressed upon the mind of the secretary of state; he will probably let it rest for the present. The following observations are intended as answers to the objections, which have been made by the other gentlemen.\n               1. The powers are not proposed to be delivered at all events; but only at the discretion of Mr Jay, who is already required to sound.  He can decide on the necessity of putting them into action. And why should a lesser confidence be witheld from him, in whom an immensely greater is placed?  Why was the power of sounding the ministers of those courts delegated to him, if a good opening was not to be seized?  What better opening can present itself, than a determined spirit of hostility in Great Britain, which, I presume, is the only condition upon which Mr Jay would be instructed to deliver the powers to the agent?  Much time would be saved; especially as the project has already assumed shape from the treaty between Denmark & Sweden.\n               2. It is therefore to be considered, what are the advantages and what the dangers, in case G. Britain should be resolved on hostility?\n               The advantages are expected to be these:\n               1. The Algerines will be inevitably turned upon us by Great Britain. Our little fleet in their cruises against them will probably be little able to make head against England if she is determined to crush it. But situations are easily conceived in which a full cooperation with the two northern powers may produce a better effect, more security and perhaps less expence to our ships, whether we contemplate the Algerines alone, or the British in conjunction with them.\n               2. If Spain, disgusted with England, or driven by necessity, should be inclined to make peace with France, she will feel a greater inclination to detach herself from England, when she finds that America is to cooperate.\n               3. If any Stress could be laid upon the honor of Russia, she too ought to be expected to come into the defence of neutrality. But this honor has probably too little influence; and therefore the accession of Russia, as it might be produced by the Union with America, can be counted upon, only a distant possibility.\n               4. G. Britain holds most of the islands. To what island, unless it be Danish or Swedish can our cruisers resort for occasional aids; and what an immense loss it will be, if we should omit to obtain every possible succour for our private ships of war, which are the only but a powerful substitute for our feeble navy?\n               5. Denmark and Sweden, when acting relatively to themselves only may be induced to cease from hostility against G. Britain; and indeed to content themselves with something short of war. Ought we not therefore to endeavour to prevent such a relaxation\u2014we, who ought to multiply the enemies of our enemy?\n               6. But after all this is the main consideration:\n               G. Britain would have made war against us long ago, if it had not been for the successes of the French. If we go to war with G. Britain, we must still hope, that the French will be successful; because among many other reasons, we shall be relieved, in proportion as the French occupy her forces and her money. Now France has great expectations of succours of provisions from the vessels of Denmark, & Sweden. Without them, what may not be the consequence?  Every encouragement therefore, which we can afford to those nations, by associating our private and public ships of war, will bind them faster; as they will readily anticipate the havoc, which we shall commit on British commerce.\n               As to the dangers of the measure proposed.\n               1. We are under no obligation to entangle ourselves with Denmark and Sweden further than may relate to the war; and if the terms offered by them be unacceptable, let them not be accepted.\n               2. If war should have actually taken place between the two northern powers and England, before fresh instructions could reach Mr Jay; still the instructions may be so worded, as to avoid the assumption of power, apprehended by the attorney-general: And he forgets, that the minister is not proposed to be sent on to the northern courts unless there appears to be a determined spirit of hostility in G. Britain against the U.S.\n               3. To be sure, if G. Britain should discriminate in our favor, either openly or secretly, it would be improper to form a league against her. But then Mr Jay will not deliver the powers, if she also makes compensation. Suppose the discrimination should be established in future; and no compensation be offered for past depredations. Even then, ought congress to be in a capacity\n                  of deciding on the aid, which they may expect, if they should be involved in a war from measures for procuring satisfaction to their plundered citizens.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0258", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 10 July 1794\nFrom: Commissioners for the District of Columbia\nTo: Washington, George\n               We have come to an agreement with Mr Greenleaf by which he will be accomodated, and the public participate in a Loan negociating in Holland in his name\u2014the inclosed copy will let you into the particulars, one of which, that the paper which gives the legal title in the 1000 Lots the public part of the Mortgage, is to remain till Bills are drawn and the money deposited agreeable to our Order, on which we communicate with the Secretary of the Treasury thinking this money transaction will give him little Trouble\u2014the Effects of expending 300,000\u00a3 on public and private Buildings in the City must be so certain, and extensive that our motives cannot be mistaken.\n               On recurring to the Conditions published, it may be doubtful whether the Commissioners have not the power of dispensing with the 7th Article\u2014we have prepared and inclose a new Regulation permitting a limitted incroachment on the Streets, and if it meets your Ideas wish your signature of approbation So that the Act may be valid let the power reside where it may.\n               We have had Intercourse with Mr Greenleaf about Drains, and expect he will have a conversation with you on the subject\u2014None can be more strongly impressed than we are of the propriety and importance of entering on this Business early, and on a large Scale, but we know we have not the Funds and are not clear that we have the Power to make such an application.  We have the Honor to be with the greatest respect your mo. obedt Servts", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0259", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 10 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Treasury Department July 10\u20141794.\n               The Secretary of the Treasury respectfully submits to the President of the U. States a Communication from the Commissioner of the Revenue of yesterday, transmitting a provisional contract for oil for the use of the Light houses\u2014with his opinion that a ratification of the contract will consist with the interest of the United States.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0260", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Harriot Washington, 10 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, Harriot\nTo: Washington, George\n               I now take up my pen to return my most grateful thank\u2019s my Honor\u2019d Uncle, for his letter and the money he was so obleiging as to send me, you may rely on it that I will not purchase any\n                  thing I am not in want of, and Aunt Lewis shall be a jud[g]e of that.\n               We were very much distress\u2019d to hear of the accident you met with, on your way to Mt Vernon but hope my dear Uncle has entirely recovered before this.  Aunt Lewis\u2019s family has been very sick all the summer and still continue\u2019s to be so.\n               Aunt Lewis join\u2019s me in love to you and Aunt Washington. I am my Honor\u2019d Uncle Your affectionate Neice.\n                  Harriot Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0261", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Daniel Carroll, 11 July 1794\nFrom: Carroll, Daniel\nTo: Washington, George\n                  City of Washington July 11th 1794\n               I communicated the Conversation I was honord with at Bladensburgh to Messrs Johnson & Stuart, & have it not in my power to say any thing material on the subject respecting their Successors\u2014We have appointed to meet the 27th Instant, & I find they expect their Commissions to expire by the 1st of Augt. It woud have a pleasing circumstance to me, and advantageous to the public, that the Gentln who are to succeed them cou\u2019d be attending during the few days we may be together, but that probably is not to be expected\u2014Messrs Johnson & Stuart have said that they will meet the Commissioners at some convenient time, & give every explanation & information in their power.\n               Govr Lee of Maryland calld on me yesterday, & put a letter into my hands which he had receivd from Mr Potts\u2014The Contents in general are that he intends to resign his seat in the Senate of the United States\u2014It is probable you may have receivd some information on this Subject, & of his desire, that if a vacancy shoud happen soon expected from the very reduc\u2019d State of the Naval Officer in Baltimore, that he might be considerd\u2014You I believe, Sr, possess a full knowledge of the meritts of this Gentleman, It is at the request of Govr Lee, & from the very great esteem I have for Mr Potts myself that I venture to join in recommending so meritorious a Character\u2014I informd Gov. Lee that probably a Gentln of abilities in the Law might be considerd by you as most\n                  proper to Succeed Mr Johnson, & askd him whether there woud be a chance of Mr Potts serving as a Commissioner & residing in the City\u2014he answerd that he (Mr Potts) had a large family & that it might depend on considerations necessary in consequence thereof.\n               Govr Lee likewise, wishd me if I was about writing to you, to introduce another Subject respecting Mr Chase\u2014\"He thinks his conduct on some late & interesting occasions has great meritt, & that his Services might be relied on upon honorable & constitutionable ground that in justice to him he must say that he thinks he acted upon Sound & patriotic principles, & firmly believd that his setteld and stedfast resolution is never to abandon them, & thinks that he is a warm supporter of order & good Government, & that I will oblige him by speaking of him as Such to you\"\u2014I candidly told Govr Lee that I would mention the above as Solely from him\u2014he said that what he mentiond was not with a view to any particular matter.\n               I did not think it proper to mention to Mr Lee any thing on the subject of our conversation respecting him. I have the honor to be with great respect, Sir, your Mo. Obet & very Hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0262", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 11 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President. the state of health of his little boy & the situation of Mrs Hamilton in consequence of it, oblige him to request the\n                  President to excuse him from attending the interview with the Indians today & also to ask the President\u2019s permission to make an excursion into the country for a few days to try the effect of exercise & change of air upon the Child.\n                  Arrangements will be made that the business of the Department may suffer no interruption in the mean time.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0263", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 11 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n               Dear Sir,Philadelphia July 11th 1794\n               I am sorry to hear that your little son continues indisposed, and wish you to carry him into the Country for a few days, if it is conceived that exercise & Change of Air will be of Service to him.\n               Before you go, or as soon after as convenient, I should be glad to receive your opinion in writing, on the Kentucky & Georgia business, both of which have been communicated to you by the Secretaries of State & of War\u2014or one of them\u2014according to the information I have received.\n               I sincerely wish that the excursion you propose may have the desired effect\u2014I am Dr Sir Your Affecte Servt\n                  P.S. Have you draughted any answer yet to the Letter of the Marquis of Lansdown to me, introductory of the Bishop of Autun?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0264-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 11 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  I submit to your consideration a draft of a Speech to the Chickasaw Indians.  I have the honor to be Sir, with the highest respect, Your obedient Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0264-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: To the Chiefs and Warriors of the Chickasaw Nation, 11 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Chickasaw Nation\n                  I thank the great Spirit that I have the opportunity of taking you by the hand in this City, and that you are all in good health after so great a Journey.\n                  I have long desired to see you and I have caused you to be invited to make this visit, and I thank you for performing it\u2014I love the Chickasaws and it will always afford me sincere satisfaction, to be instrumental to their happiness in any way or manner. I hope means may be devised which will hold out to them all the blessings of civilized life.\n                  The Conduct exhibited by some of you two years ago in joining the Army North West of the Ohio and the party of your Warriors at present acting with that Army are considered by me as the strongest evidence of your friendship.  The hostile tribes North West of the Ohio have been deaf to the voice of reason and of peace Nothing seems to be left but to punish them severely and make them feel the effects of their folly. Efforts for this purpose are making and if the Chickasaws choose to join their arms with ours every just encouragement shall be given them for that purpose. I do not invite to this measure but if it should be the desire of your nation the United States will defray all the expences upon a liberal scale.\n                  I do not intend at this time to go into any particular business. Any thing you may have to say upon that head you will communicate to the Secretary of War who will report the same to me.\n                  I shall direct him to furnish you with Goods for your nation, your families and yourselves.\n                  If you wish to go further and see the City of New York he will make arrangements for your accomodation.\n                  Any of your boys who are desirous of learning to read write and manage a farm shall be taken care of at the public expence and returned to you at any time you shall desire it.\n                  I have no more to add at this time excepting that you will consider yourselves as at home and take comfort accordingly.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0265", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 12 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  War department July 12th 1794\n               Before the definitive step is taken for the reappointment of Captain Lee I beg leave to submit to your view the proceedings of the Court Martial on his Case\u2014It appears that all the Officers who composed the Court signed the petition for his restoration.  With perfect respect I have the honor to be Your obedient Servant.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0268", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 13 July 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Treasury Department July 13th 1794\n               I have considered the two subjects upon which you desired my opinion as maturely as my situation has permitted.\n               With regard to the proceedings on Kentuke, I perceive nothing that can with propriety or utility be done; unless the Attorney General on full and careful examination should be of opinion\n                  that they furnish indictable matter, in which case I should think it very material that prosecutions against the ostensible & leading characters should be instituted.\n               With regard to the affair in Georgia the following course presents itself as eligible.\n               1 To urge the Governor of Georgia to employ effecaciously all the means in his power (that of military coertion if necessary not excepted) to prevent the establishment supposed to be meditated, referring him to the late Act of Congress & informing him that the expence will be borne by the U. States.  The Commanding officer of the Troops of the U. States to be directed to cooperate.\n               2 To apprise the Creek Nation of the information which has been received, and to assure them, that the U. States will cooperate with them to prevent the intrusion in the first instance & afterwards to dispossess the Intruders. It may perhaps be made a consideration for urging them to run the line of the last Treaty.\n               3 To mention the matter informally to the Spanish Commissioners expressing the disapprobation of the Government and its intention to exert all the means in its power to frustrate the enterprise. I have the honor to be with the highest respect Sir Your most Obedient & humble servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0270", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Bradford, 14 July 1794\nFrom: Bradford, William\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Attorney General, agreeably to the directions of the President, has considered the late communication from Georgia and the resolves of the persons assembled at Lexington on the 24th of May last, and has now the honor to report to the president his opinion thereon.\n               It appears by Mr Seagrove\u2019s letter that a combination has been formed by a number of persons in Georgia, for the purpose of making a settlement on the Indian lands between the Oconee and Flint Rivers, and there to erect a new and independant state; and to support these measures by forming a chain of strong forts from the Oconee to the Oakmulgee.\n               The Attorney General is of opinion that such a combination is an offence against the United States, and little short of a conspiracy to levy war against the government thereof. The measures contemplated by the combination would, at least, be an offence against the act of Congress of the 1st March 1793, which prohibits any settlement on lands belonging to any indian tribe\u2014in contravention of the Treaty of New York which solemnly guaranties those lands to the Creek Nation\u2014and in violation of the Constitution of the United States which declares that no new state shall be formed within the jurisdiction of any other state without the consent of the Legislature of the state concerned as well as of Congress.  Besides, even to hold a fort in the manner contemplated and against the express command of the President of the United States would be an overt act of High Treason. Such an offence therefore, being in contemplation, it seems to be the duty of the Executive to use the most vigorous means in his power to prevent it\u2014and to remove all persons who shall presume to make a settlement on the lands guaranteed by the Treaty of New-York.\n               As to the means most proper to be adopted for these purposes the Attorney General apprehends that the following course might be advisable,\n               First, To issue a proclamation stating the nature of the information received\u2014the obligation of the United states to suppress such unwarrantable measures & to protect the Creek Nation in the possession of their lands\u2014warning all persons against\n                  engaging in such unlawful conspiracies and making known that the most efficient means in the power of the Executive will be adopted to prevent and remove any incroachments on these indian lands.\n               Second. To communicate to the Governor of Georgia the determination of the president & to call upon him to cooperate with the Executive of the United States, by using all the means in his power to suppress this combination and to prevent any movements in pursuance of it.\n               Third, To give directions to the district Attorney of Georgia, to cause General Clarke and all other persons who may appear, by affidavits duly taken, to have been active in forming or promoting this unlawful combination, to be arrested & to give security to appear and answer at the circuit Court; and in the mean time to keep the peace and be of their good behaivour.\n               Fourthly, To give instructions, properly guarded, to the officer commanding the Troops stationed on the Frontiers of Georgia to oppose by all the peaceable means in his power any incroachment on the Lands guaranteed by the Treaty of New York and if peaceable means be ineffectual, to use, after due notice, such other means as he may find absolutely necessary and competent to that object. How far the force at present stationed there may be equal to this object the Attorney General cannot determine but if it be small, that circumstance may provoke resistance & unless it can be reinforced so as to overawe all attempts to make forcible intrusions, he apprehends the instructions had better be omitted.\n               Fifthly. If the encroachment & settlement be actually made, & especially if forts be erected in the manner suggested, the Attorney General conceives it will be proper immediatly to detach a corps from the South Carolina Militia or other military force, to remove all intruders from the Lands & to assist in apprehending & bringing the offenders to Justice. Previous to their attempting to remove these persons by force, it might be prudent to order, by proclamation, All such intruders to retire from the lands forthwith as in case of refusal they would answer the same at their peril. Considering the great distance of that part of the U.S. from the seat of Government provisional authority & instructions might be given to some prudent & active officer to order out & march the militia to the frontier of Georgia, as soon\n                  as certain information was given him of the incroachment & settlements being made: & a proclamation made by him, would, it is apprehended be sufficient notice to the wrongdoers.\n               The Attorney General however has doubts whether the Letter of Mr Seagrove does of itself sufficiently ascertain the fact of the Combination so as to make it advisable to issue a proclamation at present. He therefore submits to the President the propriety of immediately communicating the information received to the Governor of Georgia and of learning from him what Evidence of this Combination he is in possession of, & what measures have been taken by him to suppress it.\n               On the subject of the Kentuckey resolves, the Attorney General apprehends that no formal notice should be taken of them at present, unless for the purpose of directing a prosecution. They are clearly libellous in some parts of them, tending to excite sedition & disaffection to the Government; and therefore are indictable. But, generally speaking, publications of this nature are best counteracted by silence and contempt. They perish when left to themselves, but have been frequently made important by a public prosecution, especially, if the prosecution be unsuccessful. In the present disposition of the people of that state, it is conceived, that an attempt to prosecute the authors of those resolves would do more mischief than good.\n               The measure formerly recommended of stating the conduct of the government of the United States with respect to their Claims to a free Navigation on the Missisippi, and giving such information respecting the pending negociation as could with propriety be communicated, will probably have, if it has not already had, a favorable effect in dispelling the public discontent in the Western Country. Whether the Letter of the Secretary of State to the Governor of Kentuckey was communicated to the people of that state before it was published by order of Congress does not appear: it is apprehended at least that it was not generally known on the 24th of May when the meeting was held.  The message from the President which communicated it to Congress bears date on the 20th of that month. If, upon a full consideration of that letter, it is thought that any further information can be properly given the Attorney General apprehends that it may be advantageously conveyed thro\u2019 the same channel.\n               He has too slight an acquaintance with the history of the\n                  pending negociation with Spain to give any decisive opinion respecting the propriety of putting a early close to it: but if it were possible to know definitely what is to be expected from the Court of Spain, so as to be able to communicate the result of the whole negociation to Congress in the course of their next Session, the Attorney General, from his present view of the subject, conceives that every measure proper to procure that determination, should be adopted. All which is respectfully submitted.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0271", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 14 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Knox, Henry\n                  Philadelphia July 14th 1794\n               I have given the proceedings of the Court Martial in the case of Captn Willm A. Lee\u2014and the Petition which accompanied it to have him restored\u2014an attentive perusal.\n               The judgment of the Court is, in my opinion, well supported\n                  by evidence (except in the article of nonconformity with the order of arrest; in this, the explanation of an expression of Captn Campbell may have led him into the error he committed, that it afforded the pretext, is obvious).\n               On an abstract view of this case, I should feel no disposition (on account of the inebrity, and the high handed proceeding towds the centinal which are proved) to alleviate the mortification felt by Captn Lee on acct of his dismission, by a re-appointment of him in some other Corps. But when I consider his former services, and the time he has been in the present army. The interest which the Officers thereof (who have the best means of becoming acquainted with his merits) have taken in this affair. That the sentence under which he is smarting may be a warning to him in future. And that (though not alone sufficient) his connections are most respectable, & are made unhappy by his present disgrace; these considerations combined, induced me to give him the Company of Artillery become vacant by the non-acceptance of \u2014\u2014 Williamson, and I desire the Commission may be prepared accordingly.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0274", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 14 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to submit, for your information, a letter just received from Governor Moultrie dated the 30th ultimo; and also one from the honorable Pierce Butler containing another strong recommendation, of highly respectable characters, of Captain Michael Kaltizen\u2014for an office not known to the laws\u2014He may be made the keeper of the intended Arsenal at Columbia.  I am Sir, Most respectfully, Your very humble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0275", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 14 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to submit a letter from General Chapin just received by Express from Pittsburg, and what was dated at Fort La Beuf 26th June, There are two enclosures the first of which are the proceedings of the six nations at Buffaloe Creek, and the other an Answer of Capt. Denny and Mr Ellicot.  I have the honor to be with perfect respect sir your obedien<t> Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0276", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Burgess Ball, 15 July 1794\nFrom: Ball, Burgess\nTo: Washington, George\n               I recd yours in Answer to mine respecting a Manager for a Tilt Hammer, and, if I finally conclude on erecting one, (of which I begin now to be a little doubtful) I will trouble you with an advertisement for the Philada & N: York papers.\n               Mr Crow, one of your Overseers, being in this Neighbourhood looking for a Place, has today applyed to me, and, from a recommendation which he shew\u2019d me from Mr Pearce, I\u2019m inclined to think he will suit me; but, I wish\u2019d not to say anything conclusive to him \u2019till I shou\u2019d write to you on the Subject. I have this year been extremely injured by having a Man who was not qualifyed, and am very desireous of getting one, who understands Farming, and who will manage Negroes to Advantage\u2014As this Man intends to move, if you think he will suit me, I will gladly employ him\u2014I have put him off for the present, and shall be much obliged to you if you\u2019ll write me immediately, if you can have so much leasure, as I cannot determine him \u2019till I hear from you.\n               I thank God I continue to mend in health and my Family are all pretty well, so that we hope this place will not be so sickly as\n                  we apprehended. Fanny joins in best respects to Mrs Washington and yourself, & I am Dear sir Yr Affect. Hbe servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0277", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 15 July 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to transmit, for your information, copies of the various documents which I have received by Express from Genl Gibson, stating, among other things, the proceedings of a Council, held at Fort Le B\u0153uf on the 26th ulto, between Capn Denny and Mr Ellicot, and a deputation from the Six Nations in the presence of Genl Chapin.\n               The requisition which has been made on this occasion, for the abandonment of a great portion of the territory of the State, is so extravagant, that we must suppose it to proceed from the instigation of a policy more hostile to the United States, than can reasonably be ascribed to the natural arrogance or enmity of the Indians themselves. It is a circumstance, indeed, additionally mortifying, that no attempt was made, even to conceal the source from which the insult came: Mr Johnston the British Agent, attended the Council.\n               It will be obvious to you, Sir, that it is not in my power to authorise a compliance with the requisition, or to treat upon the subject. My duty calls upon me to execute the laws; and, in doing so, it will be incumbent on me to maintain not only the public claim of jurisdiction, but the private rights of property, throughout the State, against invasion and outrage. For that important purpose, I shall exert all the legal authority of my office: and I take this opportunity to request the co-operation of the General Government, as far as its Federal obligations will extend.\n               The suspension of the Presqu\u2019-Isle establishment, has probably increased our difficulties; but after the information, which\n                  has just been received, I conceive that the essential interests of the State, the safety of its Citizens, and the preservation of its property, [are] involved in the immediate prosecution of our object and I trust, that you will now find reason to concur in that opinion. I am, with perfect respect, Sir, Your Excellency\u2019s Mo\u2019t Obed: Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0278", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 15 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of State has the honor of reporting to the President of the United States, as follows.\n               1. The resolutions from Kentucky of the 24th of May, upon which the address to the President and Congress is founded, involve very momentous matter.\n               The temper of that country is roused to an extreme. They entertain suspicions that it is not the wish of every state in the Union that they should enjoy the Mississippi, or should continue members of the union. Great allowance is therefore made for their sensibility. Still the resolutions and address ought not to receive a formal answer. These are the reasons.\n               1. Altho\u2019 individuals, of whatsoever number, great or small, have a right to petition, memorialize or remonstrate for a redress of grievances, there is a respect, which every Government ought to exact for itself. To charge the General Government with design in not adopting effectual measures for attaining the navigation\u2014to intimate, that its measures have been uniformly concealed from the people of Kentucky, and veiled in mysterious secrecy, and that civil liberty is prostituted, when the servants of the people are suffered to tell them, that communications, which they may judge important ought not to be intrusted to them; as if the Executive was bound to promulge, what it might deem injurious to the public interest to be known; to demand that Spain be compelled to acknowledge their right, or that an end be put to all negotiations on that subject; to censure the President for tame submission, and to exclaim against the want of protection, after all that has been done; These things have no claim upon a formal answer; many of them being unfounded, and all untenable upon principle.\n               2. The resolutions even as far as they go, are those of a part of the state who seem to have begun the business, only that the sense of the whole state may be taken.\n               3. It is impossible to satisfy the expectations expressed in the 5th resolution; without establishing a precedent for throwing open the archives of the Executive to the whole world, on all occasions.\n               4. As much has been already communicated to the Governor of Kentucky in the letter of the 29th of March last as can be with propriety, except what may be added in consequence of the recommendation of the two houses of Congress.\n               5. That letter has not yet been acknowledged by the Governor; and we do not know, whether it was generally circulated at the time of the meeting of the 24th of May.\n               The Secretary of State is therefore of opinion, that a letter be written to the Governor of Kentucky in pursuance of the\n                  resolutions of the Senate and House of Representatives; and if in the course of writing it, any matter can be interwoven, which may obviate the complaints, which have been uttered, without appearing to be intended as answers to the resolutions, and without violating the degree of secrecy due to negotiations existing, or the respect due to the Government, that it ought to be attended to.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0279", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 15 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               E. Randolph presents his respects to the President; and having this morning written the inclosed letter to Colo. Nicholas, he takes the liberty of submitting it to the President\u2019s perusal.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0282", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 16 July 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 16 July 1794. On 20 July, GW wrote Pearce: \"Yesterday brought me your letter . . . dated the 16th instt.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0283", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 16 July 1794\nFrom: Peters, Richard\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Accounts given to the British Board of Agriculture are in general drawn up in a masterly Manner; so, as I should suppose (especially after being circulated for Correction) fully to answer the Expectations formed in the excellent Plan which produced them.  They exhibit as well beneficial Practices, as Defects in Agriculture. They contain a Fund of Information, useful in political \u0152conomy & serviceable to all Countries. A great Deal is to be admired & not a little to be reprobated. It is to be regretted that the Country accounted the most perfect as to its general State of Agriculture; produces more of bad than of good Farming. In particular Instances Nothing can exceed. But the greater is either mediocre or bad. Some of the Profession of Husbandmen are great. But the best Stile of Husbandry is in the Hands of the least Number, & many of these not Agriculturists by Profession. Those of the Nobility, the Gentry & Clergy, who devote themselves to this delightful Persuit, are among the most eminent. Commons\u2014Tithes\u2014Tenantry, of which we feel Nothing here, are in the List of the great Impediments to Perfection in English Farming. Taxes are heavy Deductions\u2014They farm more expensively than we do, calculating even Difference of Product. Too many Horses (the most costly Animals on a Farm)\u2014Drivers & Servants\u2014Oxen but partially used\u2014Cumbrous, expensive & complicated Instruments\u2014Not so much done, with the same Power, as with us\u2014Better done where it is well\u2014But on the whole my former Opinions are confirmed by a Perusal of these Papers\u2014Their farm-Buildings, tho\u2019 some excellent, more generally bad than otherwise, & great Numbers ill\n                  situated\u2014the best, as to Preservation, where Property is divided, & occupied by its Owner\u2014the worst where Farms are engrossed by Mesne or intermediate Renters\u2014Farms too often badly arranged as to arable, Pasture & Connexion, owing to vile Customs & local Circumstances. We can farm with more Comfort, live better, & are more independent, tho\u2019 our Product is much less. The Government\u2014the Church\u2014the Poor, as well agricultural Paupers as worn out Manufacturers\u2014the Landlord\u2014(who lives in a Stile of Shew & Expence & looks to immediate Revenue more than permanent Improvement) & those who intervene between him & the actual Cultivater\u2014eat up the English Farmers who toil not for themselves. A few get rich, by Combinations of which Agriculture is the Basis; but the great Body of them live not so well, nor are their Circumstances so good, as the same Proportion of ours. The Ejaculation \"O fortunati nimium &c.\" applies, with the most Truth to the American Farmers. And yet place him in Britain, with his present Habit & he would soon become a Beggar. So much does private Happiness depend on public Arrangements\u2014So permanently prosperous is the Man \"who sits under his own Vine & his own Fig Tree\u2014where there is none to make him afraid.\"\n               We have Millions of Acres like their Sheep Downs, with which Farming, as with them, may be combined. These Wastes, now called Barrens, generally lying in the Vicinity of good Land. One Day <or> other (not in ours) these will be brought into Use. The English have an Advantage, as to Sheep as well as other Branches of Husbandry, in the Mildness & Shortness of their Winters; & some Benefits, tho\u2019 many Misfortunes, from their dripping Seasons. The better Stile of Agriculture gives those who practice it, more green Fodder, which may be consumed on the Ground. But our periodical Rains in Times of Vegetation, & our clear Skies, & in general, settled Weather at the Seasons for collecting our Crops ballance the Severities of our Winters. And when our Successors are compelled by over Population to go into Manufactures, we\u2019ll consider, by Anticipation, that the American Character will shew its Versatility & Fertility in Expedients by overcoming all Difficulties of Climate. A Breed of Sheep may be had which can be habituated to our Country. Their Cheviot & original Stock of Wiltshire & several other Breeds of Sheep are hardy, but the former live very hard. They scrape away the\n                  Snow from bleak Mountains, on which they browze, to get at their Food. He \"who tempers the Wind for the shorn Lamb,\" naturalizes after a Time, every Animal to the Situation in which it is to live. Human Means may forward, but cannot successfully oppose Nature. Let us, not only as to Sheep but other Animals made for our Use, keep in Mind the benevolent Assistance we may count on to our own Endeavors. We should banish Foppery & Vanity from our Fields. We should not aim at the finest & most comely Breed, but studiously endeavor to obtain that best fitted for our situation & agricultural Capabilities. I perceive that the Pride of Stock is an Obstacle to Improvement, as it relates to Profit, among the best Breeders & Agriculturists in England. A Minuteness of Attention in this Particular would be wise. We should not only study what Breed will best suit Districts of Country, but even particular Farms. Nature either enlarges or reduces the Animal according to the Food & Treatment it receives. In short Bites\u2014cold Climates\u2014poor Lands\u2014the Animals are small, & will become so let the original Stock be what it may. This we call degenerating. But it is, in Fact, an Habituation to Situation & Circumstances, wisely & benevolently dictated by the Author of Nature, which we often overlook & vainly strive to counteract. This Train of Thought happened to strike me, from a Recollection of some Observations in one of the Papers. I wish it were more apposite in this Country. Most of our Farmers are too inattentive to anything like Improvement to be tinctured with Vanity on the Subject. But where I have seen Attempts made, the Object has been pretty generally mistaken. I know how essential & practicable it is to improve the Breed of our domestic Animals But then we ought to set out radically right; & meliorate that Breed best adapted to our Circumstances.\n               English farming & rural \u0152conomy (for as to Welsh, Scotch & Irish Agriculture, with some Exceptions both local & personal, it is infamous) is more comparatively than positively great Yet in the whole it seems better than in other Parts of the World. Much Flemish & some German Farming is quite as good if not in some Particulars better. England has many Advantages over the Low Countries & Germany. The Island of Britain has been, during a long Period, for the most Part, internally quiescent. Whereas the Countries on the Continent have, in some Instances, more rapacious & arbitrary Governments; & are more subject to repeated\n                  Ravages produced by Wars, of which one Part or other is incessantly the Theatre. The Sword & the Plough share never move well together.\n               You may say, with Truth & Justice, everything your Politeness suggests of the Plan devized & executing by Sr John Sinclair & his Assotiates. They deserve the Thanks of every Friend to Mankind. Their Merit & Usefulness will be extensively felt, not only in their own but in all Countries. History would be better employed in recording the Actions & Characters of such Men, than in celebrating those she too generally selects for her Subjects. They are entitled to our Esteem & Admiration who encrease both the Numbers & Happiness of their Species, by facilitating & multiplying the Means of Subsistence. But those should be held up only for Execration who too often acquire Fame, while they are engaged in extirpating, or reducing to Misery & Bondage the human Race!  I am Sir with very sincere Esteem & Respect Your obedt Servt\n                  Richard Peters\n                  An American Milk House, built over a Spring, would be a valuable Improvement & a Curiosity in Britain.\n                  Their Practice of flooding their Meadows produces great but coarse Vegetation, yet is useful for early & late Pasturage. The first for Sheep, the last for Cattle. The Custom we have of drawing our Springs & smaller Streams over declining Grounds, is very rare in G. Britain. Our Method of irrigating, where it is well attended to, is better than theirs; the Hay being of the best Quality. But the Hay of their flooded Grounds is of the worst Kind & only fit for dry & hardy Cattle\u2014I mean not, in any of my Observations, to compare our Husbandry with that of the English. It will not justify the Comparison. But it is exhilarating to discover, amidst our Mass of negligent & unthrifty Management, any thing valuable. Our greatest Comfort is that we can live well in a Country that will bear bad farming; for in Europe they must farm well to live at all.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0285", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Potts, 17 July 1794\nFrom: Potts, Richard\nTo: Washington, George\n               I was yesterday informed of the death of General Williams in Virginia on his way to the Sweet Springs, and take the Liberty of requesting the Appointment to the office of Collector of the Port of Baltimore thereby become vacant. My distance from the\n                  seat of the State Government will prevent my attempting to accompany this my application with a recommendation from others, nor do I suppose that material in cases of Applicants known to yourself\u2014My Conduct in the public Trusts with which I have been honoured must have marked my Character either favorably or otherwise, and I could not expect that an impression on that foundation would be affected by the representation of my friends\u2014Professions on my part would probably have as little Weight, I will only say that if I am successfull in this Application a sense of duty to the public and my own security in a place of such important trust would determine me to execute the Office in person as far as I could, and that I should endeavour to discharge the duties of it with advantage to the public and reputation to myself\u2014A change of family circumstances subsequent to my accepting a seat in the Senate of the United States, and that attention of an infant family rendered indispensable by their late Loss of their other Parent, had determined me to leave that Station at an earlier period than that for which I was elected, before the Event now contemplated took place\u2014Those considerations will to the State justify my resolution, and I trust to you excuse this application although it should not receive your countenance.  With Sentiments of the most respectfull consideration I have the Honor to be Your most obed. & very humble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0286", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 17 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of State has the honor of reporting to the President of the United States, upon the letter of James Seagrove, bearing date the 4th of June 1794, as follows:\n               1. The first point of his information is, that \"a very considerable body of people in the upper part of Georgia have associated for the purpose of setting up an independent government for themselves.\"\n               New States may be formed with the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned and of Congress.  But To begin a plan for a new state, is probably contrary to the laws of that state.\n               However unless the State chooses to resort to the general government for aid in subduing it, the general government cannot of its own accord interfere in a case of domestic violence. For this is to be done, \"on application of the legislature or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened).\"\n               The same restriction is imposed by the law for calling out the militia, in case of an insurrection.\n               Even in combinations against judicial process, the militia cannot be drawn forth, but upon a notification of the President by an associate or the district Judge.\n               When too it is considered, how delicate and uncertain it would be to array one part of the militia of a state against another; that the militia of other states cannot be summoned, but on the application of the legislature or executive of the State, an associate or the district Judge; that for the mere act of attempting an independent government, without something else being done against the United States, the regular force of the United States cannot be used, it appears adviseable to take, as yet, no strong compulsory steps upon that ground only.\n               2 Seagrove however says, that the independent government,\n                  which is meditated, is to be set up on the territory belonging to the Creek Indians.\n               To make a settlement on lands belonging to any Indian Tribe, is punishable by fine and imprisonment; and it is lawful for the President to take such measures, as he may judge necessary, to remove from lands belonging to any Indian Tribe, any citizens or inhabitants of the United States, who may make or attempt to make a settlement thereon.\n               Hence so far as mere power is concerned, it is presumed that the President may call forth the militia of Georgia or of any other State, or the regular force, which may be spared from other duty, and which are not by law directed to special purposes.\n               3. The plan is said to be to erect six strong forts from the Oconee to the Oahmulgee.\n               The mere erection of a fort is not treason, though it is probably an offence of a lesser nature.\n               To keep actual possession of a fort by force against the public troops is levying war.\n               But if a fort be erected with a direct purpose against the United States, this may be a levying of war. What the purpose is, however, must depend upon evidence.\n               4. What is to be done?  The Secretary of State takes the liberty of suggesting the following measures:\n               1. To inform the Governor of Georgia, that the President will give aid to the State, against those, who attempt a new government, if applied for, according to the constitution or law.\n               2. To urge him to discourage the attempt without delay by proclamation and every other means in his power, if the allegations be true.\n               3. To request information whether they be true, in order that the President may adopt the measures, which shall be found necessary.\n               4. To ascertain by previous inquiry from the Governor of Georgia, whether the militia of his state, or of the neighbouring state be sufficient and convenient for removing the offenders from the Indian territory; or whether the regular military force must be resorted to.\n               The letter which shall be written to the Governor deserves great care, not only from its matter, but also with a view to its publication to the world.\n               The Secretary of State thinking, that the allusion, in Seagrove\u2019s letter, to Spain, deserves to be incorporated in an answer, now in hand, to the Spanish commissioners, upon a similar subject, has written to the Secretary of war for copies of the papers.\n               The answer of the Governor of Georgia will be the best guide as to a proclamation from the President, and other steps; and therefore the consideration of them seems proper to be postponed at present.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0287", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Burgess Ball, 18 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Ball, Burgess\n                  Philadelphia July 18th 1794\n               Since my last to you, from Mount Vernon, I have seen & conversed with Mr Morris on the subject of a person to Manage a Tilt-hammer for you. He says it is difficult to get one who understands the business, & in other respects is worthy of confidence. The Person he had, he was obliged to discharge, on account of his inebrity, & knows not where to supply his place but by importation; which is uncertain, and on account of the restrictive regulations in Great Britain, dangerous.\n               I will continue my enquiries, but conceive, as I mentioned in my last, that your best chance of getting one is to consider well the terms on which you would engage\u2014advertise these in the parts from whence the artist is most likely to be obtained\u2014describe the advantages of your situation\u2014desire them to apply by letter, or otherwise, by a certain day\u2014and add that none need offer who cannot produce unquestionable evidence of his skill\u2014his honesty\u2014sobriety & industry. Your prospect of getting a good Tilt man unless some such measure as this is adopted, I think bad; for those who are in want themselves, are not the first who will recommend these people, & being out of the line of others, it is not probable they should do it.\n               Give my love (in which Mrs Washington unites) to Mrs Ball & your family\u2014& with very great esteem & regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Affectionate Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0289", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Martin Eichelberger, 18 July 1794\nFrom: Eichelberger, Martin\nTo: Washington, George\n               By the death of Genl Williams the Office of Collector has become Vacant an event long expected. as it is Natural in cases of\n                  this kind for Officers to expect preferment. I beg leave (through the Encouragement of the respectable part of the Citizens of Baltimore) in case of a Vacancy in the surveyors Office for this Port to renew my former application & to refer your Excellency to my recommendations, actuated by no other motive than a wish for a permanency.  I hope my application will meet your Excellencys approbation\u2014With every sentiment of attachment and respect, I have the honour to be Your Excellencys most Obt Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0290", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Robert Lewis, 18 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lewis, Robert\n               If in a letter, not long since written to you, you were authorized to rent the Small tract of land I hold on Difficult run, in Loudoun County, I now desire that you will not do it. I have had some Overtures for the purchase of it; and have been offered five pounds an Acre, giving credit, which I was willing to do; but the thing that parted us at that time, and may possibly do so forever, was interest, the person wanted credit without paying this, to which I would not consent.  But as land thereabouts is rising fast in value, I have no doub<t> of obtaining the price & terms, & even more, by keeping it up; provided it is not incumbered with a Lease.\n               I authorised you in my last, to lay out the money, collected on my behalf, for Rents due me, in purchasing in the Leases; but restricted this operation, not to exceed (if I recollect rightly) the first of November.  I now prolong it until the first of January (which closes the present year;) beyond which you are not at liberty to apply money to this purpose, without further instructions from me.\n               You must be very particular in examining into the real state and condition of the Leases; for if the accounts of the Tenants (without this enquiry) is to govern, the lives will never expire. It is essential also to know, if transfers have taken place, under what authority they ha<ve> happened; as there is a clause, or covenant in the leases (if my memory serves me), restraining this, without written permission of the Landlord.  And if it shall appear, by any of the leases, that an alteration of names, from the original instrument, has taken place, to learn, with precision, by what means it had taken place. I shall expect written evidence of these facts. a verbal explanation without, from the Tenants, will not satisfy me. My love to Mrs Lewis in wch your Aunt joins. With affecte friendship I am Yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0291", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 18 July 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency\u2019s answer to my letter of the 15. instant, communicated in a letter from the Secretary at war, dated yesterday: and it is with peculiar regret that I perceive the embarrasment of my situation, relatively to the Presqu\u2019 isle establishment, increasing with every addition to the correspondence which the subject has produced. I certainly, Sir, have hitherto proceeded upon the presumption, that, whatever form of words may have been employed, it was your request, that the execution of the Presqu\u2019 isle law should, for the present, be suspended; and, as you possessed all the information, upon which that request was founded, I have thought, likewise, that you would readily assume the responsibility attached to a prompt and confidential compliance\n                  with it. But when the Secretary at war remarks that you never contemplated carrying your opinions upon the subject, farther than to state them as strongly as they were conceived; he leaves it to be inferred, that for all the consequences of the suspension, without possessing the information, or perhaps entertaining the sentiments that led to the measure, I am deemed to be exclusively responsible. This idea, Sir, claims and justifies, on my part, the utmost circumspection: and, I am persuaded that while the Executive of the Genl Govt is solicitous to avoid reproach for inattention, or a neglect to make full representations of any danger which is apprehended to the interests of the Union; a similar solicitude in the Execut. of a particular Government, to avoid reproach either for transgressing the constitutional boundaries of his authority, or for sacraficing the interests of the State, will be equally approved and indulged.\n               Hence, Sir, I have been induced, in order satisfactory to compare your opinions on this occasion, with my constitutional and legal powers, to take the advice of the Attorney General of Pennsylvania; and I have the honor to inclose a copy of the letter in which his sentiments are expressed.  From this document you will perceive, that, although any delay consistent with the performance of the duties enjoined upon me, may be permitted, a delay, which will prevent the execution of the Law within the time prescribed, will not be justifiable. It is of importance, therefore, to know how long the temporary obstacles, which induced you to advise the suspension of the establishment of Presqu\u2019-isle are expected to continue; for if they should not be shortly removed, I must either direct the Commissioners to proceed in laying out the town, or (resorting to the alternative suggested by the Attorney General) convene the Legislature upon the occasion. The latter measure, however, I shall not think it expedient to adopt, unless you expressly request it.\n               Though the title of the State, to the jurisdiction and soil, of the territory, on which she proposes to form her settlements, can admit of no just controversy, I would cheerfully, as far as my power extends, co-operate in any amicable proceeding, to conciliate the minds, of the Six Nations: but I have no authority to appoint a Commissioner to treat with them upon the subject; and, indeed, the Secretary at war has misunderstood the purport of my conversation in that respect, since he ascribes to me\n                  an opinion that, under the present circumstances all differences may be accommodated by Treaty. The truth, is, that if a sense of justice influenced the conduct of those Indians, no opposition would have been made to our improving the lands which we had fairly bought, and the sale of which they have repeatedly acknowledged: and if they act (as I believe they do) under the direction and controul of British Agents, their opposition must be expected to last as long as the policy by which it is excited. If, however, Sir, you should be pleased, on the part of the United States, to authorise a Treaty to be held, I shall think it my duty to furnish you with all the documents, that relate to the title of Pennsylvania, and its repeated recognitions by Corn-planter, and the other Indians, who now presume to deny it.  I am, with perfect respect, Sir, Your Excellency\u2019s Most Obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0292", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Copeland Parker, 18 July 1794\nFrom: Parker, Copeland\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Surveyors office Smithfd [Va.] July 18. 1794\n               By an Act of Last Session of Congress, I find your are Vested with power to make what additions you may think propper to the Sallaries of the different Officers, and as I have the honor of Holding two Offices, by your Commissions (rec\u2019d) I beg leave to mention that I have never rec\u2019d any Kind of Compensation for my Office as Inspector, as their is Seldom any Vessells that trade to forreign Ports from this place, and their is not a port in the State where Smugling has been Carried on with greater Success, My Office as Surveyor brings me only one hundred dollars \u214c annum, and the Law Obliges me to live in Town and find an office Stationay &Ct. out of that Small Sum, I hope you will Excuse the Liberty; taken to make Known to you the particular Situation of my Offices, When you Consider that you alone Can redress Our Grieveances and Alter Our Situations with Convenience, notwithstanding if it does not appear reasonable to you, I am willing to Submit, and do my duty to the utmost of my Abilities, but I trust you will Allow me Something as Inspector Considering me as a publick Officer liable to Insult and Abuse for Serveing my Country. In the Interim I beg leave to Subscribe myself your Very Ob. Servant\n                  Copeland Parker Survy. P. Smithd", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0293", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 18 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of State has the honor of submitting to the President the draught of an answer to Mr Hammond on the affair at Rhode Island.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0294", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to John Suter, 18 July 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Suter, John\n               As the President passed thro\u2019 Geo: town on his way from Mount Vernon to this place he was told that the time for which the boy who was bound to you & called Billey, had expired & that he had left your service, If this is really the case, & you have nothing to say against the boy\u2019s honesty, sobriety, industry &c. or anything else to his disadvantage, & he is still unemployed, the President would be glad to employ him, as good servants are not to be had here. For this purpose the President begs the favor of you to let him know as soon as you can conveniently the character of Billey & whether he can be had. If you have no objections to him as to character or otherwise you may engage him at once & send him on, to this City, if he will come upon the same terms as those we now employ\u2014that is 8 dollars per month & a full suit of Livery clothes annually.  I hope will excuse this trouble, & believe that I am Sir, Your most Obt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0295", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Buchanan, 19 July 1794\nFrom: Buchanan, William\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Lexington, Baltimore County, 19th July\n               The D[e]ath of Our late Worthy friend Genl Williams may Probably give Rise to many Applications for the Collectors Place at the Port of Baltimore, from few Perhaps with fairer Claim, Or fainter hope than my Self, Tho in Point of Execution, & a Uniform Attachment to Government, I yield to none, yet\n                  Nevertheless, there is a Certain Unexplained Circumstance, of long Standing, even now at variance, for, & against my Application. Thwarted, Sir, as I was in the commissariate, with a Single eye to the Service, & Persecuted thence without Any Inquiry into the Causes of the Defects complained of in that Department, & to yours Embarrassing, the Authors thereof were Suffered to escape, & the Effects, by Implication, Transfered to me, but with what general, or Particular Impression, I have yet to learn, Early did I discover that this Department, under my Direction, was Aimed at to Perplex, & finally not only at but through it to an higher, which first determined me on Resigning, Relying Nevertheless On a Previous Inquiry for marking Some of the Abettors, not a few nor of Inferior Rank, both in and Out of Door, in this however I was most Cruelly disapointed, long was I Amused with the Repeated Orders of Congress for an Offical Inquiry Pursuant to my Reieterated Applications, nor was I Remiss in Reminding the Committees thereon Appointed, untill wearied Out with the most Palpable Evasions, thence Sir, an Inquiry So Essential. & in equal Justice Due to the Service & my Self, thus withheld. What Remained for me but in Silence to withdraw, Exposed to Imputation & Excluded from Redress, Justifyed however in this, my Complaint, by the minutes of Congress, by my Applications & Terms of Resignation filed, you will not be Offended with this late Effort & last Probable Chance for Removing a grievance long boren with & Sensibly felt, Not Sir, that I by Any means Consider it as a Claim upon you, but Counting Solely On your Liberality, as Circumstances may appear to Justify, If haply in favour of my Application, the Blot is thence expunged by this Public mark of your Acquittance, more valued than for the emoluments annexed, tho few I believe Could have Suffered in a much greater Proportion by the Unavoidable effects of Our Revolution, & fewer Still with less murmur, tho far exceeding the Profits of Such appointment to Compensate, this however apart, & whatever the Result of my Present Application, I hope you will believe me with Submissive and Sincere Respect. Sir your most Obedt & most humble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0296", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Samuel Chase, 19 July 1794\nFrom: Chase, Samuel\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have, for some time, wished to be employed by the National Government; and I now, Sir, make you a respectful Offer of my Services. my per<so>nal Respect and Attachment for your private and public Character, and my Desire to render your Administration as happy as possible, united with a Resolution to support the present Government, will, I flatter Myself, be a sufficient Apology for my present Application. The Office lately held by General Williams is the Object of my Wishes, and if your Excellency should think proper to bestow it on Me, I shall be highly gratified; and You may be assured, that I will endeavour to execute the Duties of the Office with Fidelity & Diligence.\n               I take the liberty to present my most respectful Compliments to Mrs Washington, and I have the Honour to subscribe Myself With every Sentiment of Respect and Esteem Your Affectionate and Obedient servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0297", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Daniel Delozier, 19 July 1794\nFrom: Delozier, Daniel\nTo: Washington, George\n               The death of General Williams, Collector of this port, I presume has been anounced to your Excellency before this, the\n                  event took place on tuesday last, about thirty miles on the road from Winchester towards the sweet-springs.\n               It is probable that your Excellency will receive many applications for the Office of the deceased, and amongst them will be one from Mr Robert Purviance, the present Naval Officer; this gentlemen, from his age respectabliity and situation, seems to have well founded expectations, and in the event of his being appointed, I beg leave to solicit the Office which he at present holds: But shou\u2019d your Excellency see cause not to promote that gentleman, and be of opinion that my experiance in the Customs, first as Deputy Collector and at present Surveyor of the Port, entitles me to the appointment of Collector, I shall be gratefull for the obligation, and will uniformly pay that attention to the business which the importance of the Office requires.  I have the honor to be, with great veneration, Your Excellency\u2019s Most Ob: & very Humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0298", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Josias Carvil Hall, 19 July 1794\nFrom: Hall, Josias Carvil\nTo: Washington, George\n               On the Death of Genl Williams late Collector for the Port of Baltimore there has been many Applications for that Office, I have no Doubt, & from my Situation & Circumstances I am induced, tho\u2019 with great Difficulty & Reluctance, to add to the Number. I know you can gratify only one: But whether favored or not I shall as usual acquiesce in the Justice & Propriety of your Choice. I do not boast great Services done my Country But I have ever had a Disposition to render all in my Power & not without some Sacrifices. When I entered the Army I left a\n                  sufficiently lucrative Business which I have not since been able to regain. My Patrimony suffered so much by my Abscence, not by extravagance or negligence, that I was obliged to sell a considerable Portion of it on my return. My Paper for the same Reason I disposed of, at the market Price\u2014tho\u2019 considerably below its nominal Value I have a young & growing Family whose Introduction into Life with favorable Prospects of being useful to themselves & Country, now bound my Wishes. Their Education on a frugal Plan is considerable & increasing. I do not trouble You or my Friends with Intercessions in my Favor; because I have the Honor to be known to you & I do not expect either there or my necessities will have more than their proper Weight with you Sir. If I should have the good Fortune to have your approbation in this Instance I can give Security for the faithful Discharge of the Duties of the Office. With the greatest Respect & Veneration I am Sir Your Most Obedient Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0299", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 19 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to submit to you a form of a Commission which it may be proper to give to the Chickasaw Chiefs they being extremely desirous of something of the sort.\n               I also enclose a letter just received from Captain Williamson of the Genessee Country.  I am, Sir, Most respectfully, Your obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0300", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James McHenry, 19 July 1794\nFrom: McHenry, James\nTo: Washington, George\n               It having been intimated to me that two of the commissioners for the federal City intended soon to resign, and that Major Davidson of the Council of this State was desirous to devote his time to the duties of that trust if appointed, I beg leave at the request of the gentleman who gave me this information to state, that Mr Davidson has been a member of the council for several years, and deservedly in my opinion possessess public confidence; and from his habits of business and industry appears to me very well calculated to give satisfaction as a commissioner. I have the honour to be with sincere respect Sir Your most obedient & hble servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0301", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Robert Purviance, 19 July 1794\nFrom: Purviance, Robert\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Naval Office, Baltimore, 19th July 1794\n               The death of General Williams which I sincerely regret as a loss to the public necessarily gives to your Excellency the appointment of a successor, Being in the same department I at first thought only of stating my peculiar situation and repeating to you my gratitude for your past kindness to a Young and helpless family, and to have pray\u2019d that you would still further extend your protection to them & me; but it having occurred to me, that in a case like the present, you might with some proofs of the light in which I may be viewed by my fellow Citizens, who have had daily & the best opportunity of Judging of my official conduct, I have inclosed a certificate containing their opinion, Should this testimonial & my past conduct through life and the Office you assigned me meet with your approbation, I shall carry with me to the grave the greatness of the Benefit I hope for in this occasion and leave behind me Children whom I flatter myself will never forget what they owe to their Benefactor. With the most unfeigned respect and veneration, I have the honor to be Sir, Your Most Obedt huml. Serv.,", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0303", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 19 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               Not being able to consult the Secretary of the Treasury, as to his sense of the act, granting a million of dollars for foreign intercourse, I have examined the laws myself; and find, that this sum is in no manner appropriated to the naval armament, as you seemed to suppose in the last conversation, which I had the honor of holding with you on our Algerine affairs.\n               Permit me therefore to suggest, that the 800,000 dollars, which are directed to be borrowed under this act, be expended in the ransom of our fellow citizens and a peace. Should this idea accord with your sentiments, I beg to be informed, that I may report a plan for its expenditure. A vessel, which Sails this evening for Lisbon, will carry a letter giving Colo. Humphries reason to expect instructions upon this head, as soon as possible.  I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0304", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 19 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of State has the honor of inclosing to the President an account of expenditures at the mint, this day forwarded by the Director; and to request his instructions as to the warrant, asked for.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0305", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 19 July 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n                  No. Carolina New Bern 19th July 1794\n               On the 10th day of June I appointed Wm E. Atkins to superintend the actual execution of the works to be erected on Cape Fear river he being recommended to me as a man capable of fulfilling the duties of that appointment. Mr Joshua Potts mentioned by Genl Knox, had been previously appointed by the collector of Wilmington agent for the same bussiness.\n               Mr Martinon is of opinion that the fort at the place where fort Johnston stood will not be sufficient for the protection either of the trade of that river or of the town of Wilmington as a privateer could come in over the new inlet (on which bar there is 11 feet at high water), and go up to Brunswick and Wilmington without going near that fort and he suggests the necessity of a battery of 4 guns some where near Brunswick as absolutely necessary for the safety of the shipping lying at the flats as of the two towns.\n               As I suppose he has made returns to the War Office of the actual situation of those places from the view which he has taken, I expect he will write more fully upon the subject than I can at this distance from the place.\n               The Secretary of War mentioned in one of his letters to me that the collector of Edenton would appoint some person who would contract for mounting the cannon at that place. I accordingly wrote to him to know if he had made the appointment. By the last weeks post I received his answer informing me that he had received no instructions respecting it.  I have therefore agreed with Mr Jacob Blount of Edenton who engages to have them mounted at the average price of what simular carriages will cost at Philadelphia, New York and Baltimore which considering the higher price of iron and labour here will be as little as they can be done for.\n               Though the cannon at Edenton, appear well it is the opinion\n                  of some people that they are not good which has induced me to think it would be safe to prove them previous to their being mounted. I have the honor to be etc.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0306", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Mary Dabney Anderson, 20 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Anderson, Mary Dabney\n                  Philadelphia July 20th 1794\n               Not before the 8th instant had I the honor to receive your favor of the 17th of May, accompanied with a piece of Silk of your own manufacture.\n               Contrary as it is to an established maxim of mine\u2014not to accept a Present from any one\u2014yet, considering this as a mark of your peculiar attention to me and as an evidence of what our climate, aided by industry, is capable of yielding, I receive, and thank you for this effort of your skill.\n               I shall have it made up\u2014and will wear it as a memento of your politeness having the honor to be Yr Most Obedt & obliged Hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0307", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James McHenry, 20 July 1794\nFrom: McHenry, James\nTo: Washington, George\n               Before my setting out for the springs which will be on wednesday permit me again to bring into your recollection Mr George Salmon whose worth and qualities as a citizen has been the cause of my having heretofore ventured to solicit you in his behalf.  I am very sensible to the difficulties attendant on your situation and the serious embarrassments you must frequently experience in deciding between opposite combinations in favour of competitors for office, where you do not yourself possess a full knowlege of their respective characters talents and pretensions, at the same time I hope that some occasion may occur when there will be no impropriety in your wieghing the pretensions of Mr Salmon with those who may appear with a more numerous train of recommendations. Mr Salmon is much esteemed by his fellow citizens, and I believe no one could obtain a stronger general certificate in his behalf, were such a certificate considered indispensible, or necessary as an evidence of their esteem or proof of his talents; but permit me to add, that I am sincerely persuaded that you will be directed should any vacancy occur in the customs or naval office by the removal of Mr Purviance, by those disinterested and just rules and motives which have heretofore distinguished your official determinations in like cases.\n               I intreat you to forgive me for this tribute to a worthy and deserving citizen, and believe me to be with wishes for a continuance of your health very truely your most obt & humbl. st", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0308", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 20 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               Yesterday brought me your letter, & the Reports of the preceeding week; the first dated the 16th instt & the other the 12th.\n               Frequent Rains at this season, if they do not fall too heavily, nor are of too long a continuance, will be the making of the Corn & Buckwheat; but if they are of such a nature as to prevent plowing it will be bad; however, it may so happen, that if you cannot plow in one place you may, nevertheless, do it in another; and so pressing as this work is, it would be better to shift from one field, or part of a field to another, than to let it be at a stand.\n               As I do not perceive by the Reports that any part of the Wheat is drawn in, or stacked, let the shocks be frequently examined to see that no injury is sustained by the Sprouting of the grain which (however well shocked) it is apt to do, when rains are more frequent than Sunshine.\n               How does the quantity, & quality of the Oats appear to turn out, since harvesting of them?  And how does the New Meadows look, and appear to have been taken with grass, since they have been cut. I wish much to have them well covered with Timothy, or Timothy & clover according to the nature of the ground.\n               Remember to give John the Gardener a dollar, the last day of every Month, provided he behaves well\u2014letting him know that it is on that express condition he is to receive it. and if a suit of Cloaths of tolerable good cloth, made to his own taste, will keep him in good humour, let him be endulged with them.  If by his conduct he merits these things, I shall not begrudge them to him.\n               I am glad to hear your daughter is better\u2014\u2019Tis possible her disorder may have come to a crisis, & taken a favorable turn; but it will be best, notwithstanding, to make up your mind for the worst, unless the appearances are unequivocal, lest they should prove delusive, which is not uncommon in a case like hers.\n               What is the matter with Betty Davis, & Doll at Union Farm, that they are\u2014more than half their time\u2014placed on the sick list?\n               I hope particular care has been taken of the Grass Seeds in the little garden by the Salt house\u2014and of those also in the Vineyard\u2014that a fair experiment may be made of the value of them. I am of opinion that the everlastg Pea wd make a good Hay also. I remain Your friend \n                  P.S. July 21st The writer of the enclosed note has just been with me, and is to call this Afternoon with his Vouchers, when I shall have further conversation with him.  He is a tolerably good looking man and has the appearance of an active one\u2014but how far any man, unacquainted with Negros, is capable of managing of them, is questionable. But let me know whether you have made any agreement yet with Crow, McKoy, or Butler or any others, as overseers\u2014and if not suspend doing it till you hear further from me, which probably may be by next Wednesdays post.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0309", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Richard Potts, 20 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Potts, Richard\n               A person has just called upon me (by direction he says) for an answer to your letter of the 17th Instt.\n               I can do no more than acknowledge the receipt of it. It conveys the first information of the death of the late Collector of the Port of Baltimore; & I never decide in the first moments of such information, on a Successor; being desirous (& having so determind from the beginning of my administ.) always, to obtain a full knowledge of circumstances before I either nominate or in the recess of the Senate, appoint, Persons to Office\u2014with great esteem\u2014I am Yr Most Obedt Ser.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0310", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Christopher Richmond, 20 July 1794\nFrom: Richmond, Christopher\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Collectors Office Baltimore 20th July 1794\n               It is with concern and regret, that I announce to Your Excellency, the Death of General Otho H. Williams late Collector of this Port. He died on Tuesday Morning the 15th instant at a place about thirty miles beyond Winchester on his way to the Sweet Springs.\n               If, Sir, in the new Arrangement of the Custom House; which will of course follow from the demise of the late Collector; I may be found worthy or eligible to hold a place\u2014I beg leave to assure you that no endeavors on my part shall be wanting, to do, and to procure to be done; every possible thing for the Interest of the Revenue of the United States.  I have the Honor to be with very high respect Sr Your most obedient Servant\n                  C. RichmondDepy Collector Port of Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0315", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 21 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to submit to your consideration, the draft of an answer to the letter from the Governor of this State, dated the 18th instant; and also a draft of Instructions to Col. Pickering\u2014The Secretary of State and the Attorney General concur in the approbation of these papers\u2014If the outlines of the instructions should receive your approbation, arrangements and instructions, in pursuance thereto, for General Chapin, shall be prepared.  I am, Sir, Most respectfully, Your obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0317", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 21 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               E. Randolph has the honor of submitting to the President the draught of the parts of the letter to Mr Hammond. The errors in writing will be corrected in the fair copy.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0320", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Blanchard, 23 July 1794\nFrom: Blanchard, James\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Constitution of the United States having invested the Chief Magistrate with the power of enforcing the laws, I make application to you on behalf of Captain Peter Perrit, captured at Fort Washington in November 1776 and after his return from\n                  Captivity, gave notice to the executive of the State of Connecticut of his exchange and readiness to return to his duty. & was registered in his former rank, as an officer belonging to the Connecticut line, within the time limited & repeatedly applied to General Parsons to join the regiment to which he belonged, agreeably to the resolve of Congress of November 24th 1778, but from his place being filled in his absence by another, he could not be admitted. and by the arrangement of the Army, in 1781, he was considered as supernumerary, and retiring from service, with those Officers entitled to the emoluments promised by Congress by their Acts of November 24th 1778, October 3d 1780, and January 1st 1781.\n               Captain Perrit came forward last year, for a settlement, but was rejected, & petitioned Congress, who referred his case to the Secretary at War.\n               Among other documents, he stated: That all officers of his description, and registered agreeable to the Act of November 24th 1778, was considered from the 13th article of War, as belonging to the continental army, until cashiered by a Court martial, or dismissed by order of Congress, in the arrangement of the Army in 1780 and 1781, and that all Officers have been invariably settled with Accordingly.\n               I therefore requested, that the settlements made with a number of officers might be p[r]oduced, as a precedent, and applied to Mr Howell for a sight of the papers and a copy, by order of the Secretary at War, but Mr Howell pointedly refuses to give me my information, and pointedly assumes a determination against the applicant.\n               From Mr Howell being either deficient in ability or strength of nerves, he resigned at an early period Of the war, and having no claim to commutation is as I apprehend, the cause of his prejudice and violence in the present case.\n               In all courts of Justice contending parties are admitted to a knowledge of the public records, and when they are denied, superior authority is applied to. The Secretary at war Observed, that he had no controul over Mr Howell\u2019s papers; I therefore apply to you as Chief Magistrate, and the source of Mr Howell\u2019s appointment, and pray that I may see the settlements made with Colonel Ethan Allen, Major Francis Murray, Captains Crafford, Stratton and Patton, Lieutenants Dover, Robinson and Jenny:\n                  and have a copy impartially taken to deliver to the Secretary at War, to add to the documents now before him, to report in the case of Captain Perrit.\n                  James Blanchard\n                  P.S. I will wait on your Secretary for an answer.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0323", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Kilty, 23 July 1794\nFrom: Kilty, John\nTo: Washington, George\n               I beg leave once more respectfully to present myself to your Excellency among the Candidates for the Collectorship of the Port of Baltimore, made vacant by the death of General Williams, and to lay before you the enclosed Letter from the Chancellor of Maryland, which with the Testimonials I had the honour to transmit on a former occasion, must form the whole foundation of my hopes on this\u2014Considerations of delicacy, of which it would be improper at this time to trouble your Excellency with an explanation, have prevented me from procuring more extensive recommendations.\n               I hope Sir that I shall not be thought either so presumptuous or so simple as to entertain any very confident expectations of succeeding to an Office which I am told will excite the competition of many Gentlemen who, joined to great merit and the necessary talents, have the advantage of that kind of respectability which is derived from wealth and extensive connections; and some of whom have also had the happiness to render eminent public services. But although I am not of this fortunate description of Men, I should wrong the respectable persons who have advocated my pretensions, and I should wrong my own consciousness of having faithfully and zealously discharged every duty in which I have hitherto been engaged, if I wholly disclaimed any view to the important office in question: nevertheless, it is almost needless to say that if the disposition of this Office should be such as to create another vacancy in the revenue department, I should be inclined thankfully to receive the post thus vacated.\n               Loth as I am Sir to trespass on your attention, I cannot pass\n                  over the only occasion I may ever have of discharging my mind of an uneasiness which I have suffered on account of my letter written to Coll Howard and with my permission forwarded to your Excelly.  A judicious friend to whom I communicated such a copy as my recollection enabled me to make of that Letter, found in it a degree of impatience not justified by the occasion, and improper to be exhibited to the person on whose act it was the design of the letter to comment. If it can be supposed that there was any intentional disrespect in the observations I used, I will readily agree that apologies are unseasonable and impertinent. But allow me Sir to hope that the Testimonials which I have laid before you will if they do me no further service, protect me from the suspicion of offering at this time an interested explanation of the Letter in question Indeed notwithstanding the querulous style into which my feelings, suffering under a sense of humiliation as well as disappointment, drew me, I think the whole context of that letter will shew that I did not controvert the propriety of your Excellency\u2019s decision on the materials before you, but that I blamed only the too great facility of Gentlemen in furnishing those materials indifferently to the first comer; a weakness remarkably prevalent in this State: which confounds all degrees of merit, and too effectually bars the avenues of public favour to those who cannot stoop to the practice of importunity, and who from constitutional diffidence and reserve are incapable of making great efforts in any matter that regards their own interests. On the whole Sir I entreat that whatever petulance appeared in that Letter may be imputed to a mortified state of mind, arizing principally from an apprehension that I had failed of success for want of greater exertions; and I hope to obtain credit when I profess that no ill fortune of my own can ever tempt me for a moment to doubt the purity of your views or the justice of your decisions.\n               I shall only add Sir that this Letter with the one accompanying it, contains the whole of the means I employ on the present occasion as I deem it a derogation from your Excellency\u2019s character and constitutional power, to use any indirect methods for obtaining an appointment, or in a word, to ask for public employment of any but the person whom the public has authorized to confer it. If this mode of acting does not on this or some future occasion procure me the notice of the General Government, I\n                  must still drudge for a pittance in my present employment; But I cannot help indulging a hope that the singularity of my fortune in being reduced (not by the loss of public confidence but by a necessary regard to the interests of a young family) to become the Clerk of a Board at which I have presided, will interest your Excellency\u2019s generosity in my behalf. In all events Sir I beg you to pardon the freedom I have used in troubling you with so tedious a Letter, and to do me the Justice to believe that I am with the greatest and most sincere Respect Sir, Your Most Obedient humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0324", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Page, 23 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Page, John\n               Not knowing how, with certainty, to get the enclosed letter safely to its address, I have taken the liberty of putting it under cover to you, as the Gentlemen lives, I am told, in the County you do.\n               I hope you have recovered your health perfectly, & that Mrs Page & your family are well.  With very great esteem & regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Obedt Hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0325", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 23 July 1794. On 27 July, GW wrote Pearce: \"Your letter of the 23d and the reports, have been duly received.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0326", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 23 July 1794\nFrom: Peters, Richard\nTo: Washington, George\n               By Mistake I did not send the Papers herewith returned when the Rest of Sr J. Sinclair\u2019s Agricultural Communications were returned to you.\n               I have glanced over them again & see Nothing necessary (with Deference to your better Opinion) for you, Sir, to answer but a general Acknowledgment & some approbatory Remarks, as general as may be. To descend into Particulars would take up much of your Time & perhaps involve some Questions of relative Policy between the two Countries. Dr Edwards will no Doubt take upon him the Answers to the Papers addressed to him.  Some of the Points stated to him I am not perfectly acquainted with. They are as follow\u2014\n               1 Watering Meadows.\n               Our Process is simple. All agree in the general Use but there are a Variety of Opinions about the Details. Some let the Water run in more Months of the Year than others. For my Part I find it does more Harm than Service in hot Weather, unless it is attended to with an Exactness which only suits a small & careful Farmer. The Winter & early Spring Water are the best. Care is necessary even as to these. Too much Water bursts the Vessells of the tender Grass. None but the coarser Kinds will stand over flooding. After the last of April I generally take off the Water\u2014Save that I use it occasionally according to Circumstances. Our\n                  Water is always from Springs or Brooks & drawn over hilly & declining Grounds. The nearer the Spring Head we esteem the better.\n               I have somewhere a lengthy Account of this Manure, but I cannot now lay my Hands on it. I believe I have had as much Experience of it as any other Person. It is 25 Years since I first tried it; & I still continue to approve of it; tho\u2019 not its indiscriminate Use. It is best sowed in the Autumn if a dry & frosty Winter does not succeed. But I have generally scattered it the Beginning of March, & then it depends much on a moist Season. Light dry Soils are the most proper for it. The French Plaister is most in Request, but I have had some from Nova Scotia quite as good. The Quantity 4 to 6 Bushells an Acre. Some Soils will bear 10. I find it a violent Stimulant & very whimsical in its Operations. It must have some vegetable or Animal Substances to feed on, & I have always seen that Lime is also the better for such Assistants. I have prolonged the Effects of the Gypsum by ploughing in Buckwheat, or scattering Dung lightly. With these Auxiliaries it will do to repeat it. Tillage should intervene between the Plaister Dressings, tho\u2019 I have repeated it with Effect without ploughing. It is the best as a Top Dressing. What its Analysis may be I know not\u2014farther than that it is a calcareous Earth & has all the Qualities of that Tribe in a very strong Degree\u2014The Dews will remain on plaistered Ground Hours after they have left other Places. It answers for Grasses & all leguminous Plants & many Sorts of Garden Vegetables\u2014For Turnips, Cabbages, Melons, Beets\u2014Peases\u2014it answers well. I have also had great Success with it on Hemp & Flax\u2014Also on Buckwheat. As to culmiferous Crops I have never found any Use in it (except Buckwheat which is a Sort of Legume) tho\u2019 some say they have.\n               I know little about American Drills. Dr Edwards has lived in a Neigbourhood where they are used & approved of. I am no great Friend to the Drill Husbandry\u2014especially here. But our American Drills (of which I have seen many) are a Kind of Hermaphrodites & used as Assistants to the Broad-Cast Husbandry. They deposite the Seed equally & with Facility. They are light & may be fixed to any common Plough. They are cheap & simple\u2014the reverse of English Drills.\n               Is well known here. Fit for low wet Soils. Excellent if cut in a proper Stage. If suffered to grow too old\u2014good for Nothing but its Seed. It is not a permanent Grass. I believe it to be more no more durable than Clover. A Biennial or Triennial at most.\n               Buffeloe Clover. 5.\n               I know Nothing of this Plant.\n               Are far superior in Point of Cheapness & Use to the artificial ones I saw in England. The Water is constantly changing as our Springs flow thro\u2019 the Channells cut in the Floor of our Spring Houses, without the Labour & Expence attending an English Milk House. Few here are as well contrived as they might be, but must answer the Purpose. Our Butter is generally made from the Cream. Some churn the Milk but it is very rarely done.\n               We never ted or spread our Clover here as they do in England, but make it in small Grass Cocks or Wind rows, stirring it frequently to admit Air. It is certainly superior to the English Hay. But we owe this more to our Suns & better Weather than to superior Pains or Management. I think our Clover Crops are greater in Quantity, & better in Quality than those in England. Clover bears wet worse than any other Hay & our Seasons are favorable, as they are not so dripping as in England.\n               This is an excellent Practice both for good & bad Hay. We allow about half a peck or something more to a Load or Ton, which is scattered, as the Hay is mowing, on the Stack; & it soon pervades the whole Mass. Salted Straw is better for rough Cattle than coarse Hay without Salt.\n               I believe Sr J. Sinclair\u2019s Opinion is right according to existing Circumstances.  But if we pull our Flax green & sacrifice the Seed we can have as fine Fabrics as any Flax of any Country will produce. Thread sufficiently fine for fine Cambrics has been spun here. It is not yet our Day for these Things. Flax is a very uncertain Crop & a great Exhauster; as are all oleaginous Plants.\n               We have as good & as bad Iron as in any other Part of the World. That fused with Charcoal is always esteemed the best.\n                  Labour here is too high, to give us a complete Advantage, in Competitions with European Manufacturers. The Mines & Forrests here are inexhaustible, & any Quantity could be made.\n               Our Woods are to be had of any Size, from the largest Mast to the smallest Article. When our interior Navigations are more attended to, this Trade will encrease prodigiously.\n               I know little about this Article. But I hear some Plans are on Foot for grinding & exporting considerable Quantities; & there is a Scheme in Operation for extracting its Essence. How it succeeds I know not.\n               We have none to spare But when our Grazing Countries are better populated, the Provision Branch will become great, as we have every requisite to carry it on extensively.\n               These may be much encreased, but are now produced on a small Scale.\n               On the Subject of Agricultural Encouragement from Government, I gave my Thoughts, in a Kind of Preface to a Copy of our Plan for a State Society of Agriculture, which I took the Liberty to send you sometime ago.  I am with very Sincere Esteem & Respect Your obedt Servt\n                  Richard Peters", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0328", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 24 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  War department July 24th 1794\n               I have the honor to submit for your information two letters from the frontiers of Georgia one from Lt Colonel Gaither and the other from Constant Freeman both confirmative of the design of the usurpation of the Indian lands.  I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0330-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 25 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  I have the honor to submit, enclosed, a sketch of the Uniform proposed for the Officers of the Navy of the United States, and which has been made by the Captains present\u2014An Idea was held out for embroidery; but I have suggested the impropriety of that additional and expensive ornament for a Republican Navy\u2014It has therefore been left out. I am Sir, Most respectfully, Your very humble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0331", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 25 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               The case of the late Captain Perrit has been referred to me by the house of representatives with instructions to report thereon to the next session of Congress\u2014It is therefore under consideration.\n               Upon reconsidering the subject Mr Howell will have no objection of showing to Mr Blanchard, the decisions upon the cases which he mentions and of delivering to me for the use of Congress and to enable me to judge upon the case, copies of such decisions. But it is conceived that Copies ought not otherwise to be furnished\u2014In all cases a Claimant or his Agent may have a copy of his own account but not the Copies of the accounts of other persons.  I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0332", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 25 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               In obedience to your directions respecting the papers transmitted by Augustus George Christian Elholm in a letter dated the State of Georgia July the 9th 1794 I have the honor to state my opinion thereon as follows,\n               First. That the President of the United States cannot with propriety hold direct correspondence with the self constituted body which Mr Elholm says he shall represent.\n               Second That such correspondence would be inconsistent with the dignity of the President and humiliating to the legal authorities of the State of Georgia.\n               Third, That Mr Elholm be told informally by the head of the department who shall be charged with his Affairs that the President of the United States will always hear with the utmost readiness and redress as far as in his power any grievances exhibited to him by the executive or legislative of a State But that they only can represent the situation of a State and to such only can any answer be given. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0333", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Thomas Sim Lee, 25 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lee, Thomas Sim\n               Dear Sir,Philadelphia July 25th 1794.\n               This letter will accompany an official one from the Secretary of State\u2014written to you by my desire\u2014It is unnecessary therefore for me to repeat what is contained in his letter; but I shall express with frankness, a wish that it may comport with your\n                  convenience to accept the proffered appointment\u2014provided your health, inclination & habits, would enable you to discharge the duties of the office with activity.\n               Experience has evinced the propriety\u2014indeed the indispensible necessity\u2014that the Commissioners of the Federal District should reside within the City, or so near to it, as by a daily attendance to see that every thing moves with regularity, \u0153conomy & dispatch. The year 1800 is approaching by hasty strides; equally so ought the public buildings to advance towards completion. The prospect before them, it must be confessed, is flattering; the crisis, nevertheless, is as delicate as it is important. The places of those gentlemen who are retiring from office must be filled with others, of respectibility & decision.\n               For these, and other reasons, the enumeration of which would be more fit for oral than written details, I have contemplated you & Mr Potts of Frederick Town (to whom the Secretary of State now writes) as the successors of Mr Johnson & Doctr Stuart; & to hear that the offer is accepted, would give me pleasure. If this be the case, I shall have many opportunities of filling up the out lines of the communication; if it should not, I have said more than is necessary, already.\n               Candour however, requires I shd add, that the inducement to giving Salaries to the Commissioners, is, that they should live in the City or borders of it; & by doing so, and an arrangement among themselves, the necessity, and of course the expence of employing a general Superintendant of the business, may be avoided.\n               It has been suggested, and I believe with propriety, that one of the Commissioners ought to be well read in law.  This, among other inducements, has brought Mr Potts more immediately into my view. The non-residence of the Commissioners in the City, has, I am persuaded, been attended with many disadvantages; and has been the source of those unpleasant disputes between them and the proprietors; the Superintendants; the workmen; &ca &ca\u2014Their periodical meetings, & intermediate calls, although extremely fatieguing, & oftentimes very inconvenient, have not answered all the purposes of their appointment. A primary one being, that of seeing their own regulations, and orders, executed in the time, manner & spirit, they were conceived. another, hardly second to the first, is, that by being always on the Spot, they are at hand to embrace offers, & to avail themselves\n                  of opportunities which frequently present, but will not wait, not only to purchase materials and to engage artizans, but to interest foreigners & Strangers who may view the City, in the purchase of lots; but who, otherwise, know not where to apply; & are unwilling to remain until one of the stated meetings shall revolve; and equally so to call a Special one. With very great esteem and regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Most Obedt Sert", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0334", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Gouverneur Morris, 25 July 1794\nFrom: Morris, Gouverneur\nTo: Washington, George\n               My dear SirSainport 25 July 1794\n               Since I had the Honor of writing to you on the 14th of last April I have receiv\u2019d yours of the 13th June 1793. It was a little more than a Year on it\u2019s Passage. Before it reached me Madame de la fayette (who in Common with most others of the Nobility had been confined in her Province) was brought on to Paris where she is now imprisoned. As soon as I heard it, which was the Day of her Arrival, I took the Steps which appear\u2019d to me most proper for preventg the Catastrophe which is to be apprehended.  Since that period, finding that whatever may be the Inclination of Individuals every one remains silent for Fear of compromising himself, I have written to the Commissioner of exterior Relations an unofficial Letter on the 29th of last month, to which as yet I have receiv\u2019d no Answer.  I tell him that I know not whether she is brought up to be tried or only as to a safer Place of Confinement, and that moreover I do not pretend to meddle with Matters foreign to my Mission; but think it proper to prove on that Occasion my Attachment to the Cause in which the french are embark\u2019d &ca. I then assure him that my Letter (directed to him by the bye as a Citizen and not as Commissioner) is not official but amical, and dictated by friendly Sentiment &ca After which I state that the Family of Lafayette\n                  is belov\u2019d in America. That without examining his Conduct in this Country, which would doubtless be condemned, my fellow Citizens confine themselves to the grateful Remembrance of the Services he has rendered us: and therefore the Death of his wife might lessen the Attachment of some among them to the french Republic. That it would furnish the Partisans of England with means of misrepresenting what passes here. That I cannot but think her Existence of very little Consequence to this Government, and that I am sure it\u2019s Enemies will rejoice at the Destruction of any Thing which bears the Name of Lafayette. I conclude by the Assurance that I have taken that Step from what I conceive to be the true Interest of the french Republic. What may be the Effect of this Application I know not, but if she is preserved for some Time I shall have Hopes: the more so as I conceive the present Rage for Executions must at length terminate. The Gazettes will give you the Details on that Subject & spare me the Pain of dwelling on it. I will here however mention to you what I have done for this unfortunate Family of Lafayette. She wrote to me last Summer desiring I would officially pledge the United States as Security for certain Sums due by his Estate, & which not being exactly within the Line mark\u2019d out for the Creditors of Emigrants, might not be allow\u2019d in Liquidation; and she stated that his Honor and her\u2019s stood pledg\u2019d &ca. You will readily conceive that I did not comply with that Request, but at the same time your Goodness will feel that a flat Denial would add Sorrow to Distress. In this Dilemma I inform\u2019d her that it was inconsistent with the Dignity of Government to appear in such Affairs, & moreover I had not any Right to dispose of the public Property; but as far as my own could go for her Relief she might count on every Aid in my Power.  Not to fatigue you with a long Story, this Engagement ended by paying her in November last one hundred thousand Livres when the Assignats were at par (or indeed for Silver under Par) and when by the Obstacles thrown in the Way of all Negotiations it became to me an Object of very serious Inconvenience. However I had taken the Engagement and it was necessary to keep it or break my word. When she was brought up to Paris she sent a Person to me to communicate her Situation, and that of her Children, and to propose an Advance of Credit to the Amount of one hundred and fifty thousand livres, in order to compleat some Arrangements which they had imagin\u2019d at Chavagnac. This Advance I declin\u2019d, not\n                  only because the Plan they had form\u2019d appear\u2019d to me unwise, but because I had not the money to dispose of, and have learnt long ago that to lend Credit generally ends by Paying the money for which the Credit was pledged, or else by mean and shuffling Tricks to avoid the Payment. Being hard prest for an Opinion of consolatory Nature to those poor Orphan Children, I authorizd the Person employ\u2019d to assure them of my Conviction that the United States would take Care of them. This I cannot doubt of, and I flatter myself that they may all of them be yet united at some future Day in our hospitable Regions, and that they will have Cause to speak with Gratitude of the Bounty of America.\n               I will not speak to you respecting public Affairs in this Place, because I have lately written to Mr Randolph pretty much at large: moreover I do not yet know by what Opportunity this Letter will be transmitted. I hope it may speedily find you in the Enjoyment of Health and of all earthly Blessings. Believe me ever my dear Sir very truly yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0335", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Jeremiah Nicols, 25 July 1794\nFrom: Nicols, Jeremiah\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Chester Town Maryland July 25th 1794\n               In the Year 1790, thro\u2019 the Intercession of my good Friend Mr James Tilghman You thought proper to nominate Me to the Collectorship of the Port of Chester, this Gentleman being now\n                  no more I beg leave to refer You to his Son Mr William Tilghman, Genl Dickinson, Colo. Cadwallader, Mr Edward Tilghman and the Mr Chews of Philadelphia for any Information which You deem necessary to my private Charecter, to the Gentlemen of the Treasury Department for my Conduct as an Officer, and in addition to these permit Me to assure You that I have endeavoured to support the strictest Impartiality and have given the closest Attention to the Duties of the Office with little or no Compensation. The Death of the Collector of the Port of Baltimore induces Me once more to claim your Attention, and if no Applicant for the Office more worthy in your Estimation, to solicit his Appointment I have the Pleasure to believe that the best Security will be given for my faithfull discharge of the Duties of the Office. I am Sir, with the greatest Respect your most obt and very hum. Sert\n                  Jeremiah Nicols Collr of the Port of Chester.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0336", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 25 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of State begs leave to submit to the President of the United States the following observations on the arrangement of the 800,000 dollars, directed to be borrowed for Algerine purposes.\n               Mr Lamb was supposed to have offered for the ransom of twenty one American Citizens 59,496 dollars; that is, about 2833 dollars each.\n               Mr Simpson is said to have contracted in the Deys own books, under the direction of Messrs Bulkeleys of Lisbon for the ransom of fourteen American Citizens, 34,729 dollars, that is, about 2480 dollars each.\n               The instructions to Captain Paul Jones limited the ransom of thirteen American Citizens to 27,000 dollars, something better than 2000 dollars each.\n               The Dutch have lately redeemed their captives at 1000 sequins, or about 2000 dollars each.\n               Supposing our remaining citizens to be one hundred and twelve, the ransom would be 224,000 dollars.\n               As to a peace, our objections have been hitherto decided against the payment of a large sum in gross.\n               Annual payments have been preferred; and the expression to Captain Jones on the part of the President has been, that he would be pleased with 10,000 dollars annually; contented with 15,000; think 20,000 a very hard bargain; but would go as far as 25,000 if it be impossible to get it for less; but not a copper further, this being said to be the then limit of the law\u2014naval stores were positively forbidden to be stipulated for.\n               Upon these facts, the Secretary of State has the honor of suggesting.\n               1. That ransom and peace go hand and hand, if practicable; but that if peace cannot be obtained, a ransom be effected without delay.\n               2. That the negociator after endeavoring to obtain a ransom at the lowest possible rate, be at liberty to go as far as three or even four thousand dollars per man; it being probable that this heavy expense need not be repeated, if either Portugal continues her enmity to Algiers, or the American frigates should be successful.\n               3. That the peace may be purchased at any sum not exceeding fifteen thousand dollars per annum, and a douceur of twenty five thousand dollars in hand.\n               4. That a Consul be immediately dispatched, according to the advice of Colo. Humphreys, if a qualified man can be found, and the Dey will receive him. There is a Mr Gabriels of Norfolk in Virginia, a Dutch merchant, well qualified for such an office.\n               Summary of the foregoing sums.\nSay then that the ransom may amount to ........  448,000. dolrs\nAdd to be paid in hand as a douceur\n               Now taking 300,000. dollars, as the principal at 5 per Cent (the probable rate of the loan) for the 15,000 dollars to be paid\n                  annually, and the other 27,000 dollars for contingent charges, the whole sum of 800,000 dollars will be consumed.\n               5. However, if by any modification of the 800,000 dollars a peace and ransom can be obtained, except by the payment of an excessive sum in hand, it may perhaps be adviseable to permit the negociator to modify accordingly; restricting him notwithstanding to the foregoing sums for a ransom.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0337", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 25 July 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n                  No. Carolina New Bern 25 July 1794\n               I have the honor to enclose you herewith a copy of the Acts and resolutions of the last General Assembly of this State.\n               I have not been furnished yet with authenticated copies of the Acts entitled, \"An Act to cede to the United States of America certain lands upon the condition therein mentioned\" And \"An Act for raising the proportion of Militia required of this State agreably to the Act of Congress of the U.S. entitled\" An Act directing a detatchment from the Militia of the United States.  So soon as I receive them from the Secretary of the State I will forward them to you.\n               There being no Arms or amunition in this State with which the detatchment of Militia to be raised here can be furnished, it is the request of the Legislature that the United States should provide them in such manner as you may think best. I am &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0338", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 26 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  War department July 26th 1794\n               I have the honor to submit a letter just received from the Secretary of this Commonwealth containing information of measures taken in behalf of the Executive of Pennsylvania relatively to the commotions in Allegheney County.  After you have perused them I pray that they may be sent to the Secretary of State who has the other papers relating to the same subject. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Sir Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0339", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Burgess Ball, 27 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Ball, Burgess\n               Eight or ten days ago I wrote to you concerning a Manager for the Tilt hammer which you contemplated the erection of; since which I have received your letter of the 15th instant; in which, doubts of going on with it are expressed. As I am equally ignorant of the expence of erecting, & the profit when erected, I can say nothing encouraging or discouraging of the measure: but if from an apprehension that the tract you bought is sickly,\n                  or from any other cause, you are disposed to part with it\u2014it is possible the United States would become the purchaser, on which to establish an Arsenal. The person who was employed by the War department, to explore the water conveniences on the Margin of the River, above the Great Falls, (best calculated for this work) seems to have given a preference to yours, although others are favorably mentioned.\n               With respect to your enquiries into the character of Crow, as an Overseer, I will relate what I know of him, fully; but it ought to be premised, that he became the Overlooker of my Union farm after I left home in 1789, and that my only opportunities of forming an opinion of him, has been from the occasional visits I have made to Mount Vernon since. The ideas I have formed of him are these\u2014That he has good & bad qualities; but if he is to act under your own eyes, the former would preponderate, if you are strict, & will keep him with your people; and others from his house. With me (who could not look into my own business, & his disregard of those who superintended it) he was too often from home, & had too much company with him when at it; although rigidly restricted from both, by written articles; the consequence of wch (supposing the negros had been idle during his absence) was, that he and his charge were perpetually at varience. This, & inattention to the Stock, & farming impliments (not more however than usual with men who have these things provided at the expence of another) are the exceptionable parts of his character. On the other hand, he is active, understands farming full as well, perhaps better, than most of his Countrymen who have not been regularly trained to it; and possesses more judgment in conducting the business of a farm than you generally meet with among that class of people. In a word, my best crops have been raised by him; but from the causes I have mentioned (& possibly from a hasty temper) I had too frequent complaints of ill treatment, though I must acknowledge I never discovered any marks of abuse. & the whole may be summed up in this\u2014if you can keep him always with your people he will make you a good Overseer; & without it, neither he or any other man will. With me, it is an established maxim, that an Overseer shall never be absent from his people but at night, and at his meals; and if he is intended to be under your own eye I do not conceive it would be any difficulty to accomplish this,\n                  having it so expressed in a written agreement, with a penalty annexed.\n               I am glad to hear that you are getting much better, and that your family are well. My love to them, in wch Mrs Washington joins. I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Affecte & Obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0340", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 27 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               Your letter of the 23d and the reports, have been duly received.\n               The ideas which I expressed in one of my late letters, respecting the cultivation (in Corn) of the lots in the Mill swamp, were not intended to forbid the practice in all parts where it was necessary, to cleanse & prepare them for grass; but to let you see that Corn was not so much an object with me, as meadow; and that I did not want the old parts of those lots so much exhausted by cultivation, in Corn, as to be made unfit for the produce of grass\u2014or at least of becomeing good pasture. Knowing this to be my plan, & my desire, I have no objection to your cultivating any part, and every part of the lot which is in Corn this year, again in that article, that may require it, & fit it better for the purpose it is ultimately intended. But I must again express my desire that the work be compleated as you go; if the Seasons (which I know are all in all in this business) will permit it; for to have part of the inclosure in grass and part in rushes, alders & other Shrubs, is not only an eye sore, but is a real disadvantage; as they are continually encroaching on the mowing ground. This is the case in the lot nearest the Mill Road\u2014and in the one next above, which you talk of laying to grass this fall. These places (adjoining the Mill\n                  race) more especially, it is, I want to have tended in Corn, until they are perfectly reclaimed; that the whole of the lots may be in good grass, & have a uniform appearance; even the very bed of the run I could wish to have cleared up, so as to leave no growth there, to extend its influence. After giving you this explanation of my wishes, I leave it altogether to your own judgment what parts to tend next year; & what not, in Corn.\n               Does your Corn continue to grow, shoot well, & look promising?  The season is now come when rain, or drougth, is to make or mar the Crop; a drougth even now, when the Corn is beginning to fill, will produce a very scanty crop.\n               Let particular care be taken of the seed of the rare ripe corn I sent home; it will be fine for the wet grounds which cannot be planted early, next Spring.\n               I would not have you forego engaging any Overseer you may stand in need of, on acct of the farmer I mentioned to you in my last.  I should be affraid to commit one of the farms to his management without some previous trial; and as there will be no opening for him before Christmas, it could not suit him to wait; and besides, upon the enquiry I have made into his late pursuits, I find he has been a good deal of a Rover. Was Butler away, he might suit the home house very well, as he appears to be (though middle aged) an active man; and says, if he was put on a place he would not stir from it from years end to years end. He appears, from his vouchers, to have been a sort of household Steward, as well as farmer, & might therefore be useful at the mantion house if Butler was not engaged at that place.\n               Was grass seeds sown with the Flax at Union farm?  or do you propose to sow the whole of that inclosure at one & the sametime?\n               How does Mr McNeil (Oneil I believe I should have said) like the appearance of the Quarry at Mount Vernon as he uncovers it?  and has he begun yet to raise Stone?\n               If you will pay particular attention to the conduct of the Overseers, or plowmen, with respect to the treatment of the young Mules, I have no objection, when there is a real necessity for it, to their being used, gently, at three years old, because they ought to be handled at that time, to prevent their becoming obstinate, & restive; but to use them as mine hitherto have been, is to all intents & purposes their inevitable destruction. A Mule does not\n                  come to his strength until he is eight or nine years old; nor said to be in his prime until he is 12 or 15; to put them in the plough therefore when they are rising three, & work them as my Overseers have done mine, as they would have done a dray horse in his prime\u2014is, in one word, an infallible mean to prevent me from raising any to be valuable: whereas with proper usage, & due care, they would serve well for thirty odd years.\n               Is there any thing particular in the cases of Ruth, Hannah, & Pegg, that they have been returned sick for several weeks together?  Ruth I know is extremely deceitful; she has been aiming for some time past to get into the house, exempt from work; but if they are not made to do what their age & strength will enable them, it will be a very bad example to others\u2014none of whom would work if by pretexts they can avoid it.\n               Having said nothing of your daughters health, in your last letter, I hope she is better. I wish you both well, and am Your friend", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0342", "content": "Title: To George Washington from George Clinton , 28 July 1794\nFrom: Clinton, George\nTo: Washington, George\n               In order to furnish you with the earliest and fullest Information of the Proceedings of the Commissioners appointed by this State to fortify our Northern and Western frontier,\n               I take the Liberty to enclose various communications made by them to Me: Previous to their entering upon the Business I explained to them your Ideas on the Subject as contained in a Letter from the Secretary of war of the 20th May last and I flatter myself that the measures adopted by them are conformable thereto.\n               The enclosed papers as well as other accounts I have occasionally received evince an unfriendly disposition in our neighbouring Indians & should they proceed to actual Hostilities the want of Arms especially in our frontier Settlements is greatly to be regretted.\n               Every mean In the Power of the State has been used to supply the Deficiency but without Effect nor can I hope that it will be accomplished but by the slow and precarious mode of Importation unless it can be done by the general Government. In which Case the most satisfactory arrangements will be made for their Return in equal good Order. Some Pieces of Small Ordinance will be also necessary for the different Posts that the Commissioners are about to erect. Which I cannot seasonably supply without the same Assistance. I have the Honor &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0344", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 28 July 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  War department July 28th 1794\n               I have the honor to submit to you the draft of a letter to the Governor of Georgia on the proposed establishment on the Creek lands.\n               This letter has been drafted by the Secretary of State and is conformable to my sentiments. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient Servant\n                  I have also the honor to enclose Colo. Pickerings Instructions, with an addition relatively to the Oneidas which seems highly incumbent on the U.S.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0345", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Israel Shreve, 28 July 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Shreve, Israel\n                  Philadelphia July 28th 1794\n               Your letter of the 29th Ulto came to my hands a few days ago only.\n               Mr Samuel Jackson (if that is the name of the person who\n                  asked me sometime in the course of last winter, if I would dispose of my land in Fayette, & at what price) must very greatly have misunderstood my answer if he conceived thirty shillings an acre was the value I had set upon it.\n               The truth is, that at no period since I dissolved my partnership with Simpson, & had any idea of parting with this, & my other Lands West of the Alligany Mountains, did I ever fix a less value than forty shillings pr Acre on the tract you live. It is not to be presumed then that I should lower my price when it was encreasing twenty five, fifty, and even an hundred prCt in almost every direction.\n               Mr Jackson must have mistaken the tract in Washington County for that in Fayette, from the price; for thirty shillings pr Acre was the value I put on that.  The conversation I had with that Gentleman was very short; for when I found he did not mean to be the purchaser himself, but was making enquiries merely to satisfy his own curiosity or to gratify that of others, I told him I had rated them at such & such prices, 40/. I think for that in Fayette, & 30/. for the other; & being asked if I would allow any credit, he was answered yes; provided a certain part of the purchase was paid at the time of ensealing & delivery; and interest paid on the residue. But he was told at parting, that as nothing final had taken place between him & me, he was not to consider anything that passed between us, as binding upon me at a future day.\n               Mentioning this matter to a Gentleman well acquainted with the value, & prices of land in that Country, he told me he thought the Land on wch you live (the whole tract I mean) would fetch Six dollars an acre: accordingly, Mr Ross of Washington (one of your Senators) has been authorised by me to sell both tracts; Not knowing therefore what he may have done in this matter, I cannot be more precise with you, at this time.  If the land is not already under engagement, and I do not believe it is, as it is but lately the power to dispose of it was given, it would give me pleasure that you shd have the preference, if Mr Ross and you can agree on the price. And if you would pay a fourth of the purchase down, you might have credit for the residue four, five, or even Six years, giving the Land, and your Bond bearing interest, as security.  With esteem & regard I am\u2014Sir Yr Very Hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0347", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 30 July 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               SirPhiladelphia July 30. 1794\n               The day before yesterday I mentioned to Mr Laurence Washington my wish to speak with him on the subject of his studies. He came to me, and immediately stated his situation. He apprehends, and is extremely mortified at believing, that he has lost your good opinion. But he solemnly avers, that the inferences, which may be drawn to his disadvantage, from his late accident, and the frequent absence from your house in the company of a Miss Emlyn, of this city, have been the sole causes of his acting in a manner, disagreeable to you, without any mixture of those vices, which idleness may be supposed to generate.  When he touched upon his professional studies, he seemed to consider them, as at an end; and opened more particularly an engagement with Miss Emlyn. She is the daughter of a very wealthy man in this city, and of a respectable family. I am inclined therefore to believe, that this is a business, which he has much at heart; tho\u2019 he does not propose to be married until a year hence, she being not more than sixteen. Thus far, sir, I have undertaken to communicate to you, what his plans are. Permit me to say, that things being circumstanced as they are, I hold myself bound to return to him so much of the 100\u00a3, as would belong to the remainder of the time, which I expected him to read law. I have the honor, sir, to be with sincere respect and attachment yr. mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0348", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Mr. Raymond, Jr., 30 July 1794\nFrom: Raymond, Mr.\nTo: Washington, George\n               y ayant un an pass\u00e9 que Je Reside Dans L\u2019Etat de Newyork et ayant fait La guerre Dans vos Etats avec Mr Le Compte Destaing Bas officier Dans son Vaisseaux Le Languedoc tant dans la Partie\n                  Du Nord quau siege de savanay ou Jay Ete Bl\u00e9ss\u00e9 a son Cot\u00e9 par un balle quy ma Perce Le molet de La Jambe Droitte Comme ayant envie de devenir un de vos sujets Je vous Demander\u00e9s aussy sy La Residence que Jay fait dans ce Pais et une Partie De La Derniere Guerre, ne suffisent pas pour que Je sois Naturalise sy vous Le trouver apropos je vous Prie de me faire L\u2019honneur de me Repondre et me Donner les Renseignements Necessaires a cett Effet ayant envie de travailler dans Le Commerce ayant demande Le fin de ressources quil me Reste en france, vous obligeres Celuy quy a L\u2019honneur Detre tres Respectueusement", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0350", "content": "Title: From George Washington to James Ross, 1 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Ross, James\n                  Philadelphia Augt 1st 1794.\n               As letters are liable to accidents, & I have had no acknowledgment of one I wrote to you, on the 16th of June, I take the liberty of troubling you with a duplicate thereof.\n               A few days ago I received a letter from Colo. Israel Shreve proposing to buy the tract on which he lives, in Fayette Cty. He offered to pay a third of the price next April (at which time, he says his lease expires) and interest on the other two thirds, if the credit could be agreed on; giving the land & his own Bond as security.\n               A Mr Jackson of Red-stone, according to his account, has told him that my price was 30/. an Acre; on what ground, I am at a loss to conjecture; for at no period since the dissolution of my concern with a Gilbert Simpson, and intention to part with the Land, have I ever contemplated to take less than forty shillings pr Acre. Some person in the course of last winter (this Mr Jackson I presume) called upon, and enquired of me, if I was disposed to sell my lands in the Western part of this State, and what value I set upon them?  Finding it was not on his own Acct the enquiries were made, my answers were short, and to this effect, that I could, some years ago, have got 40/ for the tract in Fayette, and that I valued the other at 30/. He then asked if credit would be allowed\u2014I replied, if part of the money was paid down, Interest on the remainder, and the whole well secured, credit might be obtained\u2014Nothing more that I can recollect, passed between us. How then he should misconceive what I said, or Colo. Shreve what he said, is not easy to account for.\n               I have informed Colo. Shreve, that as you were so obliging as to offer to dispose of these Lands on my behalf, I could do no more than refer him to you; lest any specific answer might\n                  militate with any negotiations you might have in hand; & this communication is to prepare you therefor; if the misconception he has been under should not arrest any further overtures from him, on this subject. With very great esteem I am\u2014Sir Your most Obedt Ser.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0351", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 2 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Treasury Department August 2d 1794\n               In compliance with your requisition I have the honor to submit my Opinion as to the course which it will be adviseable for the President to pursue in regard to the armed Opposition recently given in the four Western Counties of Pennsylvania to the execution of the laws of the U. States laying duties upon Spirits distilled within the United States and upon Stills.\n               The case upon which an Opinion is required is summarily as follows\u2014The four most Western Counties of Pennsylvania since the Commencement of those laws a period of more than three Years, have been in steady and Violent Opposition to them By formal public meetings of influential individuals, whose resolutions and proceedings had for undisguised objects, to render the laws odious, to discountenance a compliance with them, and to intimidate individuals from accepting and executing Offices under them\u2014by a general Spirit of Opposition (thus fomented) among the Inhabitants\u2014by repeated instances of armed parties going in disguise to the houses of the Officers of the Revenue and inflicting upon them personal violence and outrage\u2014by general combinations to forbear a compliance with the requisitions of the laws by examples of injury to the property and insult to the persons of individuals who have shewn by their conduct a disposition to comply and by an almost universal noncompliance with the laws\u2014their execution within the Counties in question has been completely frustrated.\n               Various Alterations have been made in the laws by the Legislature to obviate as far as possible the objections of the Inhabitants of those Counties.\n               The executive, on its part has been far from deficient in forbearance lenity or a Spirit of Accomodation.\n               But neither the Legislative nor the Executive accomodations have had any effect in producing compliance with the laws.\n               The Opposition has continued and matured till it has at length broke out in Acts which are presumed to amount to Treason.\n               Armed Collections of men, with the avowed design of Opposing the execution of the laws, have attacked the house of the Inspector of the Revenue, burnt and destroyed his property and Shed the blood of persons engaged in its defence\u2014have made prisoner of the Marshall of the District and did not release him till for the Safety of his life he stipulated to execute no more processes within the disaffected counties\u2014have compelled both him and the Inspector of the revenue to fly the Country by a circuitous route to avoid personal injury perhaps Assassination\u2014have proposed the Assembling of a Convention of delegates from these Counties and the Neigbouring ones of Virginia probably with a view to systematise measures of more effectual Opposition\u2014have forcibly seized Opened & Spoliated a Mail of the United States.\n               What in this State of things is proper to be done?\n               The President has with the advice of the heads of the Departments and the Attorney General caused to be submitted all the evidence of the foregoing facts to the Consideration of an Associate Judge under the Act intitled \"An Act to provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the laws of the Union Suppress Insurrection and repel Invasion.\"\n               If the Judge shall pronounce that the case described in the second section of that Act exists\u2014it will follow that a competent force of Militia should be called forth and employed to suppress the insurrection and support the Civil Authority in effectuating Obedience to the laws and the punishment of Offenders.\n               It appears to me that the very existence of Government demands this course and that a duty of the highest nature urges the Chief Magistrate to pursue it. The Constitution and laws of the United States contemplate and provide for it.\n               What force of Militia shall be called out, and from What State or States? \n               The force ought if attainable to be an imposing one, such if practicable, as will deter from opposition, save the effusion of the blood of Citizens and secure the object to be accomplished.\n               The quantum must of course be regulated by the resistance to be expected\u2014Tis computed, that the four opposing Counties contain upwards of sixteen thousand males of 16 years and more, that of these about seven thousand may be expected to be armed. Tis possible that the Union of the Neighbouring Counties of Virginia may augment this force. Tis not impossible, that it may receive an accession from some adjacent Counties of this state on this side of the Alleghany Mountain.\n               To be prepared for the worst, I am of opinion, that twelve thousand Militia ought to be ordered to assemble; 9000 foot and 3000 horse. I should not propose so many horse, but for the probability, that this description of Militia, will be more easily procured for the service.\n               From what State or States shall these come?\n               The Law contemplates that the Militia of a State, in which an insurrection happens, if willing & sufficient shall first be employed, but gives power to employ the Militia of other States in the case either of refusal or insufficiency.\n               The Governor of Pennsylvania in an Official conference this day, gave it explicitly as his opinion to the President, that the Militia of Pennsylvania alone would be found incompetent to the suppression of the insurrection.\n               This Opinion of the Chief Magistrate of the State is presumed to be a sufficient foundation for calling in, in the first instance, the aid of the Militia of the Neighbouring States.\n               I would submit then, that Pennsylvania be required to furnish 6000 men of whom 1000 to be horse, New-Jersey 2000 of whom 800 to be horse, Maryland 2000 of whom 600 to be horse, Virginia 2000, of whom 600 to be horse.\n               Or perhaps it may be as eligible to call upon each State for such a number of Troops, leaving to itself the proportion of horse and foot according to convenience. The Militia called for to rendezvous at Carlisle in Pensylvania & Cumberland Fort in Virginia on the 10th of September next.\n               The law requires that previous to the using of force a Proclamation shall issue, commanding the Insurgents to disperse\n                  and return peaceably to their respective abodes within a limited time.  This step must of course be taken.\n               The application of the force to be called out and other ulterior measures must depend on circumstances as they shall arise. With the most perfect respect I have the Honor to be Sir your most Obedient Servant\n                  Alexandr Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0352", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 3 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               I removed to this place On Wednesday last, in order to avoid the heat of the City of Philadelphia. It is probable I shall remain\n                  here until about the middle of September\u2014but letters will come to me as regularly as if I had remained in the City.\n               Your letter of the 27th Ulto, and the reports, I received yesterday as usual; & wish the rains we have been complaining of, may not be much wanted before the end of this month; as the weather since that fall, has put on the appearance of drought\u2014which, if it happens, will be almost as injurious to the Crop of Corn as if those rains had not fallen.\n               If your Corn ground has got foul by the rains which have fallen, or even if they are not perfectly clean, I had rather, although it will inevitably delay your seeding, put off sowing Wheat\u2014or any thing else indeed\u2014until it is clean, light and in good order for the reception of them: for I have never found any thing but disappointed hopes from a contrary practice; which has long decided me in an opinion that to aim at the cultivation of more ground than one can, under almost any circumstances, master completely, is not the certain way to make sure, or even large Crops; but an infallible one to destroy the land. I have long been convinced moreover, that if the same labour, & expence of manure, &ca, (which in the common mode of management in Virginia) was bestowed on 50 acres of land, that is now scattered over an 100, that the former would be more profitable & productive to the owner. What I would be understood to mean by this is, that a field not more than half prepared for a crop\u2014the Crop not more than half tilled\u2014& the ground but indifferently manured, will not produce as much as the half of it would, if these were bestowed in full proportion to the requirements of the land. If ones means is equal to the accomplishment of the whole there can be no doubt in that case\u2014but that the whole will double the half. All I mean to express is that whatever is attempted, should be well executed as it respects Crops\u2014and as it respects meadows & other improvements, to complete, & make good as one goes. It was not my intention to apply what I have here said, to the state in which you have described your Corn ground to be under from so much rain, or to any particular case; but as general observations which I am persuaded will hold good in all cases. An essential object with every farmer ought to be the destruction of weeds. His arable and pasture grds should produce nothing but grain, pulse if he raises them, vegitables of different sorts, according to his designs, and grasses. Nothing\n                  then but deep and frequent plowing, hoeing, & hand weeding, can eradicate weeds; & such other trash as foul, & exhaust the fields, & diminish the Crops: and these, neither in season, in quantity, or quality can be given, if more is undertaken than the force & means are competent to. I am glad to hear that the young Timothy is beginning to shew itself in the New Meadows. It is an ardent wish of mine to have the whole well covered with grass\u2014free from Sprouts & weeds, and smooth for the scythe. How does the Clover which was sown with the Oats at Mansion house come on?  Does the Potatoes at that place look well?  & what is the general appearance of them at the Farms?\n               Crow has been applying to Colonel Ball (near Leesburgh in Loudoun County) for a place\u2014if therefore, he or McKoy remains, it will only be because (after enquiry) they find they cannot do better. I would have you therefore, make your agreements with whomsoever you may think will answer your purposes on the Eastern shore, or elsewhere, conclusive, otherwise you may meet with some disappointment; and at a late hour perhaps, be obliged to put up with any you can get. For your own ease & satisfaction, I am persuaded you will endeavor to provide men of good character; and such as have the reputation of being industrious, sober, & knowing in the management of Negros, and other concerns of a farm. These things being ascertained to your own Satisfaction, is all I require; as you know what has been, or ought to be given for such Overlookers as I stand in need of.\n               It seems to me, to be indispensibly necessary that some person should be engaged in place of Thomas Green, to look after my Carpenters; for in the manner they conduct under his Superintendancy, it would be for my interest to set them free, rather than give them their victuals and cloaths. James, by the Reports, has been 9 days I perceive, in plaining the floors of the house in town\u2014Muclas (besides what was done to it before) Six days paving, & sanding the Cellar which a man in Philadelphia wd have done in less than as many hours. Davis eight or nine days papering, and so on: whilst Green himself, & the others, appear determined (as it would seem to me) to make the new house at Union farm a standing job for the Summer; as the Chimney, & underpinning will, more than probably be, for Davis the sametime. When this last work is done, that is, underpinning the\n                  house, it must be remembered that air holes is left in it, to prevent the Sleepers from rotting.\n               It may not be amiss to say beforehand, that no trifling character (unless he means to tread in the footsteps of Green) will do for an Overlooker of these workmen. Besides the usual requisites of skill, honesty, sobriety & industry, he must be a man of temper, firmness, & resolution. for it is not to be expected that men who have been in the habits of such extreme idleness so long probably of a great deal of villainy can be recovered from it without prudent management, & much resolution, properly tempered. I do not mean that a person in the place of Green should be employed before his year expires, unless his conduct, in the meantime should, in your judgment, indispensibly require it.\n               I would not have you engage any person in the room of Butler yet, though it would be but fair & candid to let him know, that by his age, inactivity, and unacquaintedness with the management of Negros, it would not suit me to continue him longer than for the term he stands engaged, at present. If it suits him equally to go away before the expiration of that term, I would, in that case, write to the farmer I have mentioned to you in my two last letters, to see if he is still disengaged, and would go there\u2014But unless Butler\u2019s inclination leads him to go, I shall neither require it, nor write to the other.\n               As soon as you are able to fix upon the precise time at which you shall leave Mount Vernon for the Eastern shore, mention it in a letter, & when it is probable you will be back, that I may regulate my letters accordingly.\n               The Bacon & other things which you sent up to Alexandria are arrived in good order, in the City of Philadelphia.\n               I have nothing more to add than that, as this is the critical month for Corn, which is also a plant that is subject to great & sudden changes, my desire is that you will mention the appearance of it in every letter you write. I want also to know how the Buck Wheat, sown for Seed, has come up, & looks?  and whether, of that you turned in as a manure, there was seed enough ripe to stock the ground again with this plant. I am Your friend &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0353", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 3 August 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 3 Aug. 1794. On 10 Aug., GW wrote Pearce: \"I have duly received your letter of the 3d, with the reports of the preceeding week.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0355", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Burgess Ball, 5 August 1794\nFrom: Ball, Burgess\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Bigg Spring\u2014near Leesburg [Va.] 5th August 94\n               I recd yours respecting Crow &c., for which I am greatly obliged to you\u2014Previous to the rect thereof, I had understood that he was very fond of Compy & running about, which had predetermin\u2019d me against him, & I have since the rect of yours got a man: I scarcely know what to say respecting parting with my Land, as no Idea had arose of the kind; but, reflecting seriously on the Subject, I am inclined to think, that it might be more advantagious for the Accomodation of my Children, to procure small parcells of Land at the distance of 6, 8, or 10 miles. My first reason for thinking so is, that when Children are settled a little distance apart, they will probably agree better; In the next place, by purchasing small places, each will be improved, and improving, for the Settlement of them whenever it may be expedient; And, in addition to those Considerations, where Negroes are worked in parcels of 4 or 5, the proceeds of their Labour are much greater, and the Care of Stocks better\u2014Thus reflecting, and, fearful my Place may not be healthy, I wd be willg to accomodate the United States, and, on the same terms as if I shd be selling to an Individual\u2014I have for a considerable time declared, that was I offer\u2019d 20 dollars \u214c Acre I wd not take it, and was I offerd for the Mill Seat on the river \u00a32000 I shd refuse it; But, woud the United give me 25 dollars \u214c Acre for the whole (1000 Acres) I wou\u2019d be willing to dispose of it, with the hopes of being able to lay out the Money more to the advantage of my posterity\u2014It is true, I gave but \u00a34 \u214c Acre for my Land, but, it was allow\u2019d by every Body to be a great Bargain, and Lands in the Neighbourhood have since rose very much in price. Having for some days past been much Indisposed, I\u2019ve concluded to go to the Berkly Springs (Bath) for which place I shall set out in 2 or 3 days, & I shall remain there as many Weeks. Shou\u2019d you think proper to write to me on the Subject of treating with any Person empowerd by the United States, I shall get Letters sooner by\n                  directing them to be forwarded to Winchester, from whence a communication no doubt will be frequent with Bath\u2014The time for Sowing wheat is now just coming on, and I shd be peculiarly sorry to lose my Early wheat, as I expect the next year to get 2 Bush: for one in Exchange for Seed, so that my Crop will be double, as far as that kind of wheat will go. Crops of Corn are promising generally, but it begins to want rain, & will soon suffer without it\u2014one good rain in a few days will put that Grain out of danger. All our Family at present (except myself) are tollarable hearty, both white & Black, but how long they will keep so God only knows\u2014The Weather is excessive sultry indeed, which I believe, occasions my indisposition. Fanny joins in every good Wish for you & Mrs Washington & I am, with the highest Esteem Dr sir, your Affect. Hbe servt\n                  P.S. The great Advantage that my Situation for Works will have, arises from the Stream being never effected by Frost or Drought; even when all others are, in this part of the World.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0356", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Bradford, 5 August 1794\nFrom: Bradford, William\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Attorney General has the honor of stating, as required to the president of the United States his opinion upon the late combinations in the Western Counties of Pennsylvania and on the measures requise to suppress them.\n               The offence which has already been committed and which the Insurgents beyond the Alleghany Mountain still persist in, appears to the Attorney General so far as respects the Government of the United States, to be an act of High Treason by levying war against them. It has been settled by uniform judicial construction, that all insurrections, risings or armed combinations to withstand the authority or alter the lawful measures of government, to change the established Law\u2014to redress a real or pretended grievance of a public nature, and to effect other innovations of a general concern by their own authority & with\n                  force\u2014are in construction of Law high Treason within the clause of levying war \"for such violences have a direct tendency to dissolve all the bonds of society and to destroy all property & all government too by numbers & an armed force.\"  Now, it appears that the manifest and avowed object of these violences and risings that have taken place, have been & are to resist by force, the execution of the excise laws\u2014to compell by threats & the terror of Death the officers who are the necessary organs for their execution, to resign their offices\u2014to prevent the Marshall by violence from serving judicial process under those laws\u2014and to obtain by means of their combinations a repeal of the acts that are offensive to them.\n               As to those who actually robbed the Mail, as well as those associated with them for that purpose, they are also, in this respect guilty of a capital Crime.\n               The offences are cognizable in the Courts of the United States\u2014& the offenders, if convicted, are liable to suffer death.\n               But, before punishment can be contemplated, the authority of the laws must be restored & the Government placed in a situation to be able to inflict it. At present the authority of the Government is prostrated in that part of the Country & from the experiment that has been made, it seems that the laws cannot be enforced by the ordinary powers of the Executive or Jud[ic]ial departments. Upon this however it is for the District Judge or one of the associate Judges first to decide: & it has been accordingly certified by the Associate Judges that in conformity to the act of Congress that the execution of the Laws is opposed in that part of the United States by Combinations too powerful to be resisted by the usual course of judicial proceedings or by the powers vested in the Marshall by that act.  Altho\u2019 this certificate be sufficient in point of Law to enable the President to have recourse to the means provided by that act for suppressing insurrections, & causing the laws to be executed, yet the Attorney General is of opinion that this does not preclude the President\u2019s Judgment upon the facts; and unless he draws the same conclusion from them, it is conceived, that recourse may still be had to the ordinary means of enforcing the laws.\n               The opinion of the Attorney General respecting the inefficacy of those ordinary means, coincides with that expressed in the certificate of the Associate Judge. He forms this opinion from\n                  an attentive consideration of the affidavits and documents which have been laid before the President. It appears from these (without repeating what has been already stated) that notwithstanding great and repeated exertions have been made to execute the Excise law in Washington County, these have been either eluded or suppressed by force\u2014that at length a general and open opposition is formed to resist that law in which Magistrates and Militia officers have joined\u2014that no one can attempt to execute the law but at the hazard of his life\u2014that the Marshall has been compelled by violence & under the pain of Death to engage that he would execute no more of the process there; and that a citizen who person & property are exposed to the insurgents, has become surety that he shall observe that engagement\u2014that the authority of the civil government is so prostrated that two Judges of Alleghany County, certified to General Nevil, who applied for their protection, that the civil authority was too weak to afford him the protection to which every citizen was intitled: and that even the posse comitatus would contain few who were not of the party of the Insurgents\u2014that attempts are making to excite other parts of the United States to unite with them in their opposition\u2014and to procure a meeting of deputies to give system & energy to their measures.\n               From these and other facts of a like kind, it appears evident to the Attorney General, that no officer would attempt, or if he did attempt it, would be able to arrest the offenders, serve the process that has been issued or enforce the laws, unless he be protected by a force superior to that which has arrayed itself against the government & the laws.\n               In this situation of things the Executive is reduced to the melancholy Necessity of having recourse to the more efficient means provided in the act for suppressing insurrections & executing the Laws, by calling forth the Militia. He seems to have no alternative left. The Constitution enjoins it as his duty, \"that he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed\"\u2014The laws have placed efficient means in his hands\u2014and if the milder measures prove ineffectual his duty seems to require that he exert the higher Powers which the people of the United States have entrusted to him, for such an emergency.\n               The posse which the Marshal is authorised to raise would be wholly incompetent to the object. Experience has shewn that\n                  very few can be raised in this way even when they are not required to go beyond the bounds of their County: but they would consider it as an insupportable hardship to follow the Marshall two or three hundred miles. They would be useless without arms\u2014and tho\u2019 the law permits them to take weapons it does not compell them to do so & the Marshal has no means of supplying them. If they were armed, they would, in reality, be Militia under another name\u2014but Militia, for whom no pay\u2014provisions\u2014ammunition or equipage is provided by Law\u2014who would be subject to no rules or discipline\u2014& who might return home whenever they pleased without the Marshal having any compulsive means to prevent it. No force sufficient to protect the officers in the Execution of their duty could be expected in such a body. The Militia, drawn out in support of the civil authority, seems the most proper posse in a republican Goverment, & in such great emergencies as this.\n               If this measure of calling out the Militia be adopted, the Attorney General is of opinion that the force ought to be such as by suppressing the hope of successful resistance may induce an early submission to the Laws & prevent the unhappy consequences that further opposition may produce. What number this would require, the Attorney General is not prepared to decide upon\u2014but as the Governor of Pennsylvania has assured the President that he does not believe that the Militia that could be procured in Pennsylvania would be adequate to the object, it might be advisable to call upon the Governors of Maryland & Virginia and even of New Jersey, to hold a competent number of men in readiness to march in case there should be a real necessity of calling them out.\n               The regret which the Executive will feel at the necessity he may be under of employing measures so strongly coercive, will readily suggest that this service cannot be a pleasant one to the Militia. It should therefore be recollected that there is no means of compelling a personal service and that every one is at liberty to decline the service on submitting to a fine. Many would prefer the penalty before so distant and disagreeable a service, under any view they might have of the measure itself: but there is danger to fear that the refusal to serve may be pretty extensive, unless the public mind be satisfied that all other means in the power of the Executive have failed and that military coercion is\n                  absolutely necessary to support the Laws. The Attorney General would therefore recommend that the whole conduct of the Government & of the insurgents & their abettors, should be fully stated and laid before the public as early as possible. It would, (in the opinion of the Attorney General) be advantageous to make it precede or at least accompany the call of the Militia. This is the more necessary as the Act in question is not a favorite in Pennsylvania; and many who would quietly obey it would not chuse to be active in enforcing it. A pretty general refusal on the part of the Militia to turn out would have the most injurious Effects. It would prove the weakness of the Government\u2014it would encourage the insurgents\u2014and the penalties to which this refusal would expose a large body of citizens, would occasion dissatisfactions and heighten the clamours that the disaffected would make against the measure of government. Nor is it improbable that some endeavors will be used to poison the public mind and to induce the Militia to decline the service. These considerations evince the necessity of adopting every proper means to give the measure contemplated the weight of public opinion: and also strengthen the reasons for calling on the other states to hold their Militia in readiness.\n               The same considerations impress the mind of the Attorney General with the propriety of defering the time of Assembling the Militia to a distant day. In the mean time a proclamation may be issued making known the grounds on which the Executive proceeds\u2014commanding the insurgents to disperse & submit to the Laws\u2014& making known to them the determination of the Government to use its whole powers to cause the Laws to be duly executed. How far such a proclamation should contain any promises of Pardon deserves further consideration.\n               It is possible that a returning sense of duty\u2014an unwillingness to encounter the whole force of the Union\u2014the endeavors of the prudent & temperate among them\u2014may allay the ferment & prepare the way for the restoration of order. But as some immediate protection is due to the citizens well disposed to the Laws of the United States, it is apprehended, that immediate application may be made in writing to the Executive of Pennsylvania requesting him to use all the legal & constitutional powers with which he is invested to cooperate with the government in suppressg the insurrection and restoring the authority of the\n                  Laws. The temper of the insurgents may thus be felt thro\u2019 the medium of the State Officers.\n               Other circumstances may arise that may make it unnecessary to march the Militia. It would therefore be very desirable\u2014if not indispensible\u2014to obtain accurate, full & faithful accounts of the conduct, intentions and temper of the inhabitants of these Counties, especially after they know of the call of the Militia. This may be obtained from some persons resident among them to whom a messenger, not likely to be suspected, might be immediately dispatched.\n               But if the forbearance of government does not produce any salutary Effect, it will probably be seconded by the public sentiment, in its endeavors to reduce these refractory spirits to obedience & submission, by military force.\n               The Attorney General has not taken into consideration the intention, imputed to the insurgents, of availing themselves of the aid of the British.  He does not think it sufficiently proved to be a ground of acting upon.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0357", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 5 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Treasury Department August 5th, 1794.\n               The disagreeable crisis at which matters have lately arrived in some of the Western Counties of Pennsylvania, with regard to the laws laying duties on spirits distilled within the United States and on Stills, seems to render proper a review of the circumstances which have attended those Laws in that scene, from their commencement to the present time\u2014and of the conduct which has hitherto been observed on the part of the Government, its motives and effect; in order to a better Judgement of the measures necessary to be pursued in the existing emergency.\n               The opposition to those Laws in the four most Western Counties of Pennsylvania (Alleghany, Washington, Fayette and Westmoreland) commenced as early as they were known to have been passed. It has continued, with different degrees of Violence, in the different Counties, and at different periods. But Washington has uniformly distinguished its resistance, by a more excessive spirit, than has appeared in the other Counties, and Seems to have been cheifly instrumental in kindling, and keeping alive the flame.\n               The opposition first manifested itself in the milder Shape of the circulation of opinions unfavourable to the Law\u2014and calculated by the influence of public disesteem to discourage the accepting or holding of Offices under it, or the complying with it by those who might be so disposed; to which was added the show of a discontinuance of the business of distilling.\n               These expedients were shortly after succeeded by private associations to forbear compliances with the Law. But it was not long before these more negative modes of opposition were perceived to be likely to prove ineffectual. And in proportion as this was the case, and as the means of introducing the Laws into operation were put into execution, the disposition to resistance\n               Map 4. Insurrection in Western Pennsylvania, 1794. (Illustrated by Rick Britton. Copyright Rick Britton 2010.)\n                  became more turbulent and more inclined to adopt and practice violent expedients. The Officers now began to experience marks of contempt and insult. Threats against them became frequent and loud; and after Some time, these threats were ripened into Acts of ill treatment and outrage.\n               These acts of violence were preceded by certain Meetings of Malcontent persons, who entered into resolutions calculated at once to confirm, inflame and Systematize the Spirit of opposition.\n               The first of these meetings was holden at a place called Red Stone Old Fort on the 27th of July 1791, where it was concerted, that County Committees should be convened in the four Counties at the respective seats of Justice therein.  On the 23d of August following, one of these Committees assembled in the County of Washington consisting (as appears by their proceedings published in the Pittsburgh Gazette) among others of James Marshall Register & Recorder of the County, David Bradford Deputy Attorny General for the State, Henry Taylor & James Edgar now associate Judges Thomas Crooks and William Parker, then or shortly before Magistrates & Militia Officers, Thomas Sedgwick and Alexander Wright Magistrates, and Peter Kidd an officer of the Militia.\n               This meeting passed some intemperate resolutions, which were afterwards printed in the Pittsburgh Gazette, containing a Strong censure on the Law, declaring that any person who had accepted or might accept an Office under Congress in order to carry it into effect, should be considered as inimical to the interests of the Country; and recommending to the Citizens of Washington County to treat every person who had accepted or might thereafter accept any such office with contempt, and absolutely to refuse all kind of communication or intercourse with the Officers, and to withhold from them all aid, support or Comfort.\n               Not content with this vindictive proscription of those, who might esteem it their duty, in the capacity of Officers, to aid in the execution of the constitutional Laws of the Land\u2014The meeting proceeded to pass another resolution on a matter essentially foreign to the object which had brought them together, namely the salaries and comp<en>sat<ions> allowed by Congress to the Officers of Government generally, which they represent as enormous, manifesting by their zeal to accumulate topics of\n                  censure, that they were actuated, not merely by the dislike of a particular Law, but by a disposition to render the Government itself unpopular and odious.\n               This Meeting, in further prosecution of their plan, deputed Three of their Members to meet Delegates from the Counties of Westmoreland Fayette and Alleghany on the first Tuesday of September following for the purpose of expressing the sense of the people of those Counties, in an address to the Legislature of the United States, upon the subject of the Excise Law and other grievancies\u2014naming for that purpose James Marshall David Bradford, & David Philips.\n               Another Meeting accordingly took place on the 7th of September 1791 at Pittsburgh, in the County of Alleghany, at which there appeared persons in character of Delegates from the four Western Counties; from Westmoreland, Nehemiah Stokely & John Young, from Fayette, Edward Cook Nathaniel Breaden & John Oliphant, from Alleghany Thomas Moreton John Woods & William Plume, from Washington the three persons above named.\n               This Meeting entered into resolutions more comprehensive in their objects & not less inflammatory in their tendency, than those which had before passed the Meeting in Washington. Their resolutions contained severe censures not only on the Law which was the immeadiate subject of objection; but upon what they termed the exorbitant salaries of Officers; the unreasonable interest of the publick Debt, the want of discrimination between original holders & transferrees & the institution of a National Bank, The same unfriendly temper towards the Government of the United States which had led out of their way the meeting at Washington produced a similar wandering in that at Pittsburgh.\n               A representation to Congress and a remonstrance to the Legislature of Pensylvania against the Law more particularly complained of were prepared by this meeting\u2014published together with their other proceedings in the Pittsburgh Gazette & afterwards presented to the respective bodies to whom they were addressed.\n               These Meetings composed of very influencial Individuals and conducted without moderation or prudence are justly chargeable with the excesses, which have been from time to time\n                  committed; serving to give consistency to an opposition which has at length matured to a point, that threatens the foundations of the Government and of the Union, unless speedily & effectually subdued.\n               On the 6th of the same Month of September, the Opposition broke out in an Act of violence upon the person and property of Robert Johnson Collector of the Revenue for the Counties of Alleghany and Washington.\n               A party of men armed and disguised way-laid him at a place on Pidgeon Creek in Washington County, seized, tarred and feathered him, cut off his hair, and deprived him of his horse, obliging him to travel on foot a considerable distance in that mortifying and painfull situation.\n               The case was brought before the district Court of Pensylvania, out of which processes issued against John Robertson, John Hamilton & Thomas McComb\u2014three of the persons concerned in the outrage.\n               The serving of These Processes was confided by the then Marshall Clement Biddle to his deputy Joseph Fox, who in the month of October went into Alleghany County for the purpose of serving them.\n               The appearances and circumstances which Mr Fox observed himself in the course of his journey, and learnt afterwards upon his arrival at Pittsburgh, had the effect of deterring him from the service of the processes\u2014and unfortunately led to adopt the injudicious and fruitless expedient of sending them to the parties by a private Messenger under cover.\n               The deputys Report to the Marshall States a number of particulars evincing a considerable fermentation in the part of the Country to which he was sent, and inducing a belief on his part, that he could not with safety have executed the processes\u2014The Marshall transmitting this report to the District Attorney makes the following observations upon it \"I am sorry to add that he (the deputy) found the people in general in the Western part of the state and particularly beyond the Alleghany Mountain in such a ferment on Account of the Act of Congress for laying a duty on distilled Spirits & so much opposed to the execution of the said Act, and from a variety of threats to himself personally although he took the utmost precaution to conceal his errand, that he was not only convinced of the impossibility of serving the\n                  process, but that any attempt to effect it would have occasioned the most violent opposition from the greater part of the Inhabitants, and he declares that if he had attempted it he believes he should not have returned alive. I spared no expence nor pains to have the process of the Court executed and have not the least doubt that my Deputy would have accomplished it, if it could have been done.\"\n               The reality of the danger to the Deputy was countenanced by the Opinion of General Neville, the Inspector of the Revenue, a man who before had given and since has given numerous proofs of a steady and firm temper. And what followed, as announced in a letter of that Officer of the 27th of October 1791, is a further Confirmation of it. The person who had been sent with the processes was seized whipped tarred and feathered and after having his Money and horse taken from him was blindfolded and tied in the Woods, in which condition he remained for five hours.\n               Very serious reflections naturally occurred upon this occasion. It seemed highly probable, from the issue of the experiment, which had been made that the ordinary course of civil process would be ineffectual for enforcing the execution of the law in the Scene in question\u2014and that a perseverance in this course might lead to a serious concussion. The law itself was still in the infancy of its operation and far from established in other important portions of the Union.  Prejudices against it had been industriously dissemminated\u2014Misrepresentations diffused, misconceptions fostered. The Legislature of the United States had not yet organised the means, by which the Executive could come in aid of the Judiciary, when found incompetent to the execution of the laws. If neither of these impediments to a decisive exertion had existed, it was desireable, especially in a republican Government, to avoid what is in such cases the Ultimate resort, \u2019till all the Milder means had been tried without success.\n               Under the United influence of these considerations, it appeared adviseable to forbear urging coercive measures, till the laws had gone into more extensive operation, till further time for reflection and experience of its operation had served to correct false impressions and inspire greater modera<tion> and till the Legislature had had an Opportunity by a revision of the law to remove as far as possible objections and to reinforce the provisions for securing its execution.\n               Other incidents occurred from time to time, which are further proofs of the very improper temper, that prevailed among the inhabitants of the refractory countries.\n               Mr Johnson was not the only Officer who about the same period experienced outrage. Mr Wells Collector of the Revenue for Westmoreland & Fayette was also ill treated at Greensburgh and Union Town Nor were the outrages perpetrated confined to the Officers. They extended to private Citizens, who only dared to shew their respect for the laws of their Country.\n               Some time in October 1791, an Unhappy man of the Name of Wilson, a Stranger in the County, and Manifestly disordered in his intellects, imagining himself to be a Collector of the Revenue or invested with some trust in relation to it, was so Unlucky as to make enquiries concerning the Distillers who had entered their Stills; giving out that he was to travel through the United States to ascertain and report to Congress the number of Stills &c. This man was pursued by a party in disguise, taken out of his bed, carried about five Miles back to a Smith\u2019s Shop, Stripped of his Cloaths, which were afterwards burnt, and after having been himself inhumanly burnt in several places with a heated Iron was tarred and feathered\u2014and about daylight dismissed\u2014naked wounded and otherwise in a very suffering condition\u2014These particulars are communicated in a letter from the Inspector of the Revenue of the 17th of November, who declares that he had then himself seen the unfortunate maniac, the abuse of whom, as he expresses it, exceeded description and was sufficient to make human nature shudder.  The affair is the more extraordinary, as persons of Weight and consideration in that Country are understood to have been actors in it, and as the symptoms of Insanity were during the whole time of inflicting the punishment apparent\u2014the unhappy sufferer displaying the heroic fortitude of a man, who conceived himself to be a martyr to the discharge of some duty.\n               Not long after a person of the name of Roseberry underwent the humilating punishment of tarring and feathering with some aggravations; for having in conversation hazarded the very natural and just, but unpalatable remark, that the Inhabitants of that Country could not reasonably expect protection from a Government, whose laws they so strenuously opposed.\n               The audacity of the perpetrators of these excesses was so\n                  great, that an armed banditti ventured to seize and carry off two persons, who were witnesses against the rioters in the case of Wilson, in order to prevent their giving testimony of the riot to a Court then sitting or about to sit.\n               Designs of personal violence against the Inspector of the Revenue himself, to force him to a resignation, were repeatedly attempted to be put in execution by armed parties, but by different circumstances were frustrated.\n               In the session of Congress, which commenced in October 1791, the Law laying a duty on distilled spirits and stills came under the revision of Congress as had been anticipated. By an Act passed May 8th 1792, during that session, material alterations were made in it\u2014Among these the duty was reduced to a rate so moderate, as to have silenced complaint on that head\u2014and a new and very favourable alternative was given to the distiller, that of paying a Monthly, instead [of] a yearly rate, according to the capacity of his Still, with liberty to take a license for the precise term, which he should intend to work it, & to renew that license for a further term or terms.\n               This amending act, in its progress through the Legislature, engaged the particular attention of Members who themselves were interested in distilleries, and of others who represented parts of the Country in which the business of distilling was extensively carried on.\n               Objections were well considered and great pains taken to obviate all such as had the semblance of reasonableness.\n               The effect has in a great measure corresponded with the views of the Legislature\u2014Opposition has subsided in several districts where it before prevailed\u2014and it was natural to entertain and not easy to abandon a hope that the same thing would by degrees have taken place in the four Western Counties of this State.\n               But notwithstanding some flattering appearances at particular junctures, and infinite pains by various expedients to produce the desirable issue, the hope entertained has never been realized, and is now at an end as far as the ordinary means of executing Laws are concerned.\n               The first Law had left the number and positions of the Officers of Inspection, which were to be established in each district for receiving entries of Stills, to the discretion of the Supervisor.\n                  The second to secure a due accomodation to distillers, provides peremtorily, that there shall be one in each County.\n               The idea was immeadiately embraced, that it was a very important point in the scheme of opposition to the Law to prevent the establishment of Offices in the respective Counties.\n               For this purpose, the intimidation of well disposed inhabitants was added to the plan of molesting and obstructing the Officers by force or otherwise, as might be necessary\u2014So effectually was the first point carried (the certain destruction of property and the peril of life being involved) that it became almost impracticable to obtain suitable places for Offices in some of the Counties\u2014and when obtained it was found a matter of necessity in almost every instance to abandon them.\n               After much effort, The Inspector of the Revenue succeeded in procuring the house of William Faulkner, a Captain in the Army, for an Office of Inspection in the County of Washington\u2014This took place in August 1792\u2014The Office was attended by the Inspector of the Revenue in person, till prevented by the following incidents.\n               Capt. Faulkner, being in pursuit of some deserters from the troops, was encountered by a number of people in the same neighbourhood where Mr Johnson had been ill treated the preceeding year, who reproached him with letting his house for an Office of Inspection\u2014drew a knife upon him, threatened to scalp him, tar and feather him, and reduce his house and property to ashes, if he did not solemnly promise to prevent the further use of his House for an Office.\n               Capt. Faulkner was induced to make the promise exacted\u2014and in consequence of the circumstance wrote a letter to the Inspector dated the 20th of August, countermanding the permission for using his house\u2014and the day following gave a public notice in the pittsburgh Gazette, that the Office of Inspection should be no longer kept there.\n               At the same time, another engine of opposition was in operation\u2014Agreeable to a previous notification, there met at Pittsburgh on the 21st of August a number of persons stiling themselves \"A meeting of sundry Inhabitants of the Western Counties of Pennsylvania\" who appointed John Canon Chairman and Albert Gallatin Clerk.\n               This Meeting entered into resolutions not less exceptionable\n                  than those of its predecessors\u2014The preamble suggests that a tax on spiritous Liquors is unjust in itself and oppressive upon the poor, that internal taxes upon consumption must in the end destroy the liberties of every Country in which they are introduced\u2014that the Law in question, from certain local circumstances which are Specified, would bring immediate distress and ruin upon the Western Country, and concludes with the sentiment, that they think it their duty to persist in remonstrances to Congress, and in every other legal measure, that may obstruct the operation of the Law.\n               The resolutions then proceed, first, to appoint a Committee to prepare and cause to be presented to Congress an address stating objections to the Law, and praying for its repeal\u2014Secondly to appoint Committees of correspondence for Washington, Fayette and Alleghany, charged to correspond together and with such Committee as should be appointed for the same purpose in the County of Westmoreland, or with any Committees of a similar nature, that might be appointed in other parts of the United States; and also if found necessary to call together either general Meetings of the people, in their respective Counties, or conferences of the several Committees; And lastly to declare, that they will in future consider those who hold Offices for the Collection of the duty as unworthy of their friendship, that they will have no intercourse nor dealings with them, will withdraw from them every assistance, withhold all the comforts of life which depend upon those duties, that as men and fellow Citizens we owe to each other, and will upon all Occasions treat them with contempt; earnestly recommending it to the people at large to follow the same line of Conduct towards them.\n               The idea of pursuing legal measures to obstruct the operation of a Law needs little comment legal measures may be pursued to procure the repeal of a Law, but to obstruct its operation presents a contradiction in terms. The operation or what is the same thing, the execution of a Law cannot be obstructed, after it has been constitutionally enacted, without illegality and crime. The expression quoted is one of those phrases which can only be used to conceal a disorderly & culpable intention under forms that may escape the hold of the Law.\n               Neither was it difficult to perceive, that the Anathema pronounced against the Officers of the Revenue placed them in a\n                  State of Virtual OutLawry, and operated as a signal to all those who were bold enough to encounter the guilt and the danger to violate both their lives and their properties.\n               The foregoing proceedings as soon as known were reported by the Secretary of the Treasury to the President.  The President on the  issued a proclamation\u2014[\u2003\u2003]  and likewise directed that prosecutions might be instituted against the Offenders, in the cases in which the Laws would support and the requisite evidence could be obtained.\n               Pursuant to these instructions, the Attorney General in cooperation with the Attorney of the District attended a Circuit Court which was holden at York Town in October 1792\u2014for the purpose of bringing forward prosecutions in the proper Cases.\n               Collateral measures were taken to procure for this purpose the necessary evidence.\n               The Surpervisor of the Revenue was sent into the opposing Survey\u2014to ascertain the real state of that Survey\u2014to obtain evidence of the persons who were concerned in the Riot, in Faulkeners case, and of those whose composed the meeting at Pittsburgh\u2014to uphold the confidence and encourage the perseverance of the Officers acting under the Law\u2014and to induce, if possible the Inhabitants of that part of the survey, which appeared least disinclined, to come voluntarily into the law, by Arguments addressed to their sense of duty and exhibiting the eventual dangers and mischiefs of resistance.\n               The mission of the Supervisor had no other fruit than that of obtaining evidence of the persons who composed the Meeting at Pittsburgh and of two who were understood to be concerned in the riot\u2014and a confirmation of the enmity, which certain active and designing leaders had industriously infused into a large proportion of the inhabitants, not against the particular laws, in question only, but, of a more antient date, against the Government of the United States itself.\n               The then Attorney General being of Oppinion, that it was at best a doubtful point, whether the proceedings of the Meeting at Pittsburgh contained indictable matter, no prosecution was attempted against those who composed it; though if the ground for proceeding against them had appeared to be firm it is presumed, that the truest policy would have dictated that course.\n               Indictments were preferred to the Circuit Court and found\n                  against the two persons understood to have been concerned in the Riot, and the usual Measures were taken for carrying them into effect.\n               But it appearing afterward<s,> from various representations supported by satisfactory testimo<n>y that there had been some mistake as to the persons accused\u2014Justice and policy demanded that the prosecutions should be discontinued, which was accordingly done.\n               This issue of the business unavoidably defeated the attempt to establish examples of the punishment of persons who engaged in a Violent resistance to the laws\u2014and left the Officers to Struggle against the Stream of resistance, without the advantage of such examples.\n               The following plan, afterwards successively put in execution, was about this time digested, for carrying if possible the laws into effect without the necessity of recurring to force.\n               To prosecute delinquents in the cases in which it could be clearly done for non compliance with the laws 2 to intercept the Markets for the surplus produce of the distilleries of the non complying counties by seizing the Spirits in their way to those Markets in places where it could be effected without Opposition 3 by purchases, through Agents, for the use of the Army (instead of deriving the Supply through contractors as formerly) confining them to spirits, in respect to which there had been a compliance with the laws.\n               The motives to this plan speak for themselves. It aimed, besides the influence of penalties on delinquents, at making it the general interest of the distillers to comply with the laws by interrupting the Market for a very considerable surplus, and by, at the same time, confining the benefit of the large demand for public service to those who did their duty to the public, and furnishing through the means of payments in Cash that medium for paying the duties, the want of which was alleged to be a great difficulity in the Way of Compliance.\n               But two circumstances conspired to counteract the success of the plan\u2014one the necessity, towards incurring the penalty of non Compliance, of there being an Office of Inspection in each County, which was prevented in some of the countries by the means of intimidation practised for that purpose\u2014another, the non extension of the law to the territory Nwest of the Ohio,\n                  into which a large proportion of the surplus before mentioned was sent.\n               A Cure for these defects could only come from the legislature\u2014Accordingly, in the Session which began in November 1792 measures were taken for procuring a further revision of the laws. A bill containing Amendments of these and other defects was brought in; but it so happened that this object, by reason of more urgent business, was deferred till towards the Close of the Session, and finally went off, through the usual hurry of that period.\n               The continuance of the embarrassment incident to this state of things naturally tended to diminish much the efficacy of the plan which had been devised\u2014Yet it was resolved as far as legal provisions would bear out the Officers to pursue it with perseverance\u2014There was ground to entertain hopes of its good effect; and it was certainly the most likely course which could have been adopted towards attaining the object of the laws, by means short of force; evincing unequivocally the sincere disposition to avoid this painfull resort and the steady moderation, which have characterised the measures of the Government.\n               In pursuance of this plan, prosecutions were occasionally instituted in the mildest forms, seizures were made as opportunities occurred\u2014and purchases on public account were carried on.\n               It may be incidently remarked, that these purchases were extended to other places; where, though the same disorders did not exist, it appeared, adviseable to facilitate the payment of the duties by this species of accomodation.\n               Nor was this plan, notwithstanding the deficiency of legal provision, which impeded its full execution, without corresponding effects.\n               Symptoms from time to time appeared which authorised expectation, that with the aid, at another Session, of the desired supplementary provisions, it was capable of accomplishing its end, if no extraordinary events occurred.\n               The opponents of the laws, not insensible of the tendency of that plan, nor of the defects in the laws which interfered with it, did not fail from time to time to pursue analogous modes of counteraction\u2014The effort to frustrate the establishment of Offices of Inspection, in particular, was persisted in and even\n                  increased, Means of intimidating officers and others continued to be exerted.\n               In April 1793, a party of armed men in disguise made an attack in the night upon the House of a Collector of Revenue, who resided in Fayette County; but he happening to be from home they contented themselves with breaking open his house, threatning terrifying and abusing his family.\n               Warrants were issued for apprehending some of the rioters upon this occasion by Isaac Mason and James Findlay assistant Judges of Fayette County, which were delivered to the Sheriff of that County, who it seems refused to execute them; for which he has been since indicted.\n               This is at once an example of a disposition to support the laws of the Union, and of an opposite one, in the local officers of Pensylvania, within the non complying scene\u2014But it is a truth too important not to be noticed and too injurious not to be lamented, that the prevailing spirit of those Officers has been either hostile or lukewarm to the execution of those Laws\u2014and that the weight of an unfriendly official influence has been one of the most serious obstacles, with which they have had to struggle.\n               In June following the Inspector of the Revenue was burnt in Effegy in Allyghany County at a place and on a day of some public Election, with much display, in the presence of and without interuption from Magistrates and other public Officers.\n               on the night of the 22d of November, another party of men, some of them armed and all in disguise; went to the house of the same Collector of Fayette, which had been visited in April, broke and entered it, and demanded a surrender of the officer\u2019s commission and official books. Upon his refusing to deliver them up, they presented pistols at him, and swore that if he did not comply they would instantly put him to death. At length, a surrender of the Commission and books were enforced\u2014But not content with this, the rioters before they departed required of the Officer, that he should within two weeks publish his resignation on pain of another visit & the destruction of his house.\n               Notwithstanding these excesses, the Laws appeared during the latter periods of this Year, to be rather gaining ground. Several principal distillers, who had formerly held out, complied,\n                  and others discovered a disposition to comply, which was only restrained by the fear of violence.\n               But these favourable circumstances served to beget alarm, among those who were determined at all events to prevent the quiet establishment of the Laws. It soon appeared, that they meditated by fresh and greater excesses to aim a still more effectual blow at them\u2014to subdue the growing spirit of compliance, and to destroy intirely the organs of the Laws, within that part of the Country, by compelling all the Officers to renounce their Offices.\n               The last proceeding in the case of the Collector of Fayette was in this spirit.\n               In January of the present year further violences appear to have been perpetrated. William Richmond who had given information against some of the rioters in the affair of Wilson had his barn burnt with all the Grain and Hay which it contained\u2014and the same thing happened to Robert Shawhan a distiller, who had been among the first to comply with the law and who had always spoken favourably of it. But in neither of these instances (which happened in the County of Alleghany) though the presumptions were violent was any positive proof obtained.\n               The Inspector of the revenue in a letter of the 27th of February writes that he had received information that persons living near the dividing line of Alleghany and Washington had thrown out threats of tarring and feathering one William Cochran, a complying Distiller, & of burning his distillery\u2014and that it had also been given out, that in three weeks, there would not be a House Standing in Alleghany County of any person who had complyed with the Laws; in consequence of which he had been induced to pay a visit to several leading individuals in that quarter, as well to ascertain the truth of the information as to endeavour to avert the attempt to execute such threats.\n               It appeared afterwards, that on his return home, he had been pursued by a collection of disorderly persons threatening, as they went along, vengeance against him. In their way, these men called at the House of Jame Kiddoe who had recently complied with the Laws, broke into his Still-House, fired several balls under his still and scattered fire over and about the house.\n               Letters from the Inspector in March announce an increased activity in promoting opposition to the laws\u2014frequent meetings\n                  to cement and extend the combinations against it\u2014and among other means for this purpose a plan of collecting a force to seize him, compel him to resign his commission and detain him prisoner\u2014probably as a hostage.\n               In May and June new violences were committed\u2014James Kiddoe the person above-mentioned and Wm Cochran another complying distiller met with repeated injury to their property. Kiddoe had parts of his Grist mill at different times carried away, and Cochran suffered more material injuries\u2014his still was destroyed, his saw mill was rendered useless by the taking away of the Saw, and his Grist mill so injured as to require to be repaired at considerable expense.\n               At the last visit, a Note in Writing was left, requiring him to publish what he had suffered in the Pittsburgh Gazette, on pain of another visit, in which he is threatened, in figureative, but intelligible terms, with the destruction of his property by fire; thus adding to the profligacy of doing wanton injuries to a fellow Citizen the tyranny of compelling him to be the publisher of his wrongs.\n               June being the month for receiving annual entries of Stills, endeavours were used to open Offices in Westmoreland & Washington, where it had been hitherto found impracticable. With much pains and difficulty places were procured for the purpose. That in Westmoreland was repeatedly attacked in the night by armed men, who frequently fired upon it, but according to a report which has been made to this department, it was defended with so much courage and perseverance by John Wells an auxiliary Officer & Philip Ragan the owner of the House\u2014as to have been maintained during the remainder of the Month.\n               That, in Washington, after repeated attempts was suppressed; the first attempt was confined to pulling down the sign of the Office & threats of future destruction, the second effected the object in the following mode\u2014about twelve persons armed & painted black, in the night of the 6th of June, broke into the House of John Lynn, where the Office was kept, and after having treacherously seduced him to come down Stairs and put himself in their power by a promise of safety to himself and his house\u2014they seized & tied him, threatened to hang him\u2014took him to a retired Spot in the neighbouring wood and there after cutting off his hair, tarring and feathering him, Swore him never again\n                  to allow the use of his House for an Office, never to disclose their names, and never again to have any sort of agency in aid of the excise\u2014having done which, they bound him naked to a tree and left him in that situation, till morning, when he succeeded in extricating himself. Not content with this, the Malcontents some days after made him another Visit, pulled down part of his house\u2014and put him in a situation to be obliged to become an exile from his own home and to find an asylum elswhere.\n               During this time, several of the Distillers who had made entries & benefitted by them, refused the payment of the duties; actuated no doubt by various motives.\n               Indications of a plan to proceed against the Inspector of the Revenue in the manner which has been before mentioned continued. In a letter from him of the 10th of July, he observed that the threatened visit had not yet been made, tho he had still reason to expect it.\n               In the Session of Congress which began in December 1793\u2014a bill for making the amendments in the Laws, which had been for some time desired, was brought in, and on the 5th of June last became a Law.\n               It is not to be doubted, that the different Stages of this business were regularly notified to the Malcontents, and that a conviction of the tendency of the amendments contemplated to effectuate the execution of the Law, had matured the resolution to bring matters to a violent Crisis.\n               The increasing energy of the opposition rendered it indispensable to meet the evil with proportionable decision\u2014The idea of giving time for the Law to extend itself in Scenes where the disatisfaction with it was the effect not of an improper spirit, but of causes which were of a nature to yield to reason, reflection, & experience (which had constantly weighed in the estimate of the measures proper to be pursued) had had its effect, in an extensive degree. The experiment too had been long enough tried to ascertain, that where resistance continued the root of the evil lay deep; and required measures of greater efficacy than had been pursued. The laws had undergone repeated revisions of the Legislative representatives of the Union, and had virtually received their repeated Sanction with none or very feeble attempts to effect their repeal; affording an evidence of the general sense of the Community in their favour. Complaint began to be loud\n                  from complying quarters, against the impropriety & injustice of suffering the Laws to remain unexecuted in others.\n               Under the united influence of these considerations, there was no choice but to try the efficiency of the Laws in prosecuting with vigour delinquents and Offenders.\n               Processes issued against a number of non complying distillers in the Counties of Fayette & Alleghany; and indictments having been found at a Circuit Court holden at Philadelphia in July last against Robert Smilie & John McCulloch, two of the Rioters in the attack, which in November preceding had been made upon the House of a Collector of the Revenue in Fayette County, processes issued against them, also, to bring them to trial and if guilty to punishment.\n               The Marshall of the District went in person to serve these processes. He executed his trust without interruption, though under many discouraging circumstances, in Fayette County; but while he was in the execution of it in Alleghany County, being then accompanied by the Inspector of the Revenue (to wit) on the 15th of July last, he was beset on the Road by a party of from Thirty to forty armed men, who after much previous irregularity of conduct finally fired upon him, but as it happened without injury either to him or the Inspector.\n               This attempt on the Marshall was but the prelude of greater excesses.\n               About break of day, the 16th of July, in conformity with a plan which seems to have been for some time entertained, and which probably was only accelerated by the coming of the Marshall into the Survey, an attack by about One hundred persons armed with Guns and other weapons was made upon the House of the Inspector in the Vicinity of Pittsburgh. The Inspector, though alone, vigorously defended himself against the assailants, and obliged them to retreat without accomplishing their purpose.\n               Apprehending that the business would not terminate here, he made application by letter to the Judges, Generals of Militia & Sheriff of the County for protection. A reply to his application from John Wilkins Junr and John Gibson Magistrates & Militia Officers informed him, that the Laws could not be executed, so as to afford him the protection to which he was intitled, owing to the too general combination of the people in that part of Pennsylvania to oppose the Revenue Law, adding that they\n                  would take every step in their power to bring the Rioters to Justice, and would be glad to receive information of the Individuals concerned in the Attack upon his house, that prosecutions might be commenced against them, and expressing their sorrow, that should the posse comitatus of the County be ordered out in support of the civil authority, very few could be gotten that were not of the party of the Rioters.\n               The day following the Insurgents reassembled with a considerable augmentation of numbers, amounting as has been computed to at least five hundred; and on the 17th of July renewed their attack upon the house of the Inspector; who in the interval had taken the precaution of calling to his aid a small detachment from the Garrison of Fort Pit, which at the time of the attack consisted of Eleven Men who had been joined by Major Abraham Kirkpatrick a friend and Connection of the Inspector.\n               There being scarcely a prospect of effectual defence against so large a body, as then appeared, and as the Inspector had every thing to apprehend for his person, if taken, it was Judged adviseable, that he should withdraw from the House to a place of concealment\u2014Major Kirkpatrick generously agreeing to remain with the <Eleven Men, in the intention, if practicable to make a capitulation in favour of the property, if not to defend it as long as possible.\n               A parley took place under cover of a flag, which was sent by the Insurgents to the house to demand, that the Inspector should come forth, renounce his Office, and stipulate never again to accept an Office under the same Laws. To this it was replied, that the Inspector had left the House, upon their first approach, and that the place to which he had retired was unknown. They then declared that they must have whatever related to his Office. They were answered that they might send persons, not exceeding six, to search the House, and take away whatever papers they could find appertaining to the Office. But not satisfied with this they insisted unconditionally, that the armed Men, who were in the House, for its defence, should march out and ground their arms, which Major Kirkpatrick peremptorily refused; considering it, and representing it to them, as a proof of a design to destroy the property. This refusal put an end to the parley.\n               A brisk firing then ensued between the Insurgents and those in the House, which it is said lasted for near an Hour, till the\n                  assailants having set fire to the neighbouring and adjacent buildings eight in number, the intenseness of the Heat, and the danger of an immediate communication of the fire to the House, obliged Major Kirkpatrick and his small party to come out and surrender themselves. In the course of the firing, one of the Insurgents was killed and several wounded, and three of the persons in the house, were also wounded. The person killed is understood to have been the leader of the party, of the name of James McFarlane, then a Major in the Militia formerly a Lieutenant in the Pennsylvania line. The dwelling House, after the surrender, shared the fate of the other buildings; the whole of which, were consumed to The ground. The loss of property to the Inspector upon this occasion, is estimated, and, as it is believed with great moderation, at not less than Three Thousand pounds.\n               The Marshall, Colonel Presley Neville, and several others were taken by the Insurgents going to the Inspectors House. All, except the Marshall and Colonel Neville, soon made their escape; but these were carried off some distance from the place where the affray had happened, and detained till one or two O\u2019clock the next morning. In the course of their detention, the Marshall in particular suffered very severe and humiliating treatment; and was frequently in imminent danger of his life. several of the party repeatedly presented their pieces at him, with every appearance of a design to assassinate, from which they were with difficulty restrained by the efforts of a few more humane, and more prudent.\n               Nor could he obtain safety or liberty, but upon the condition of a promise guaranteed by Colonel Neville, that he would serve no other process on the west Side of the Alleghany Mountain. The alternative being immediate death extorted from the Marshall a compliance with this condition; notwithstanding the Just sense of Official dignity, and the firmness of character, which were witnessed by his conduct throughout the trying scenes he had experienced.\n               The Insurgents, on the 18th sent a deputation of two of their number (one a Justice of the peace) to Pittsburgh, to require of the Marshall, a surrender of the processes in his possession, intimating that his compliance would satisfy the people, and add to his safety; and also to demand of General Neville, in peremptory terms, the resignation of his Office, threatening, in case of\n                  refusal, to attack the place and take him by force: demands which both these Officers did not hesitate to reject, as alike incompatible with their honor and their duty.\n               As it was well ascertained, that no protection was to be expected from the Magistrates or Inhabitants of Pittsburgh, it became necessary to the safety, both of the Inspector and the Marshall to quit that place; and as it was known that all the usual routes to Philadelphia were beset by the Insurgents, they concluded to descend the Ohio, and proceed, by a circuitous route, to the seat of Government; which they began to put in execution on the night of the 19th of July.\n               Information has also been received of a meeting of a considerable number of persons at a place called Mingo Creek Meeting House, in the County of Washington, to consult about the further measures which it might be adviseable to pursue: that at this meeting, a motion was made to approve and agree to support the proceedings which had taken place, until the excise Law was repealed, and an Act of oblivion passed. But that, instead of this, it had been agreed, that the four Western Counties of Pennsylvania and the neighbouring Counties of Virginia, should be invited to meet in a convention of Delegates, on the 14th of the present Month at Parkinson\u2019s on Mingo Creek, in the County of Washington, to take into consideration the situation of the Western Country, and concert such measures as should appear suited to the occasion.\n               It appears, moreover, that on the 25th of July last the Mail of the United States, on the road from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia, was stopped by two armed Men, who cut it open, and took out all the letters, except those contained in one packet: these armed men, from all the circumstances which occurred, were manifestly acting on the part of the Insurgents.\n               The declared object of the foregoing proceedings, is to obstruct the execution and compel a repeal of the laws, laying duties on spirits distilled within the United States and upon Stills; There is just cause to believe, that this is connected with an indisposition, too general in that quarter, to share in the common burthens of the community; and with a wish, among some persons of influence, to embarrass the Goverment. It is affirmed by well informed persons to be a fact of notoriety, that the Revenue laws of the State itself have always been either resisted or very\n                  Defectively complied with in the same quarter.  With the most perfect Respect, I have the honor to be Sir, Your most Obedient and Humble Servant\n                  (signed) Alexander Hamilton>", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0358", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton and Henry Knox, 5 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               The draft of a proclamation and that of an instruction to the Commissioners being both prepared, we take the liberty to suggest that we think a meeting tomorrow morning at such hour as may be convenient to the President, may be adviseable.  The Secretary of State & Attorney General being out of town we cannot consult them, but we will engage the attendance of the Attorney General provisionally by Nine o\u2019Clock & if the President concludes on the Meeting at that hour, he can have the Secy of State apprised of it. We have the honor to be &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0359", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 5 August 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Washington, George\n               Dear SirLondon 5 Augt 1794\n               On the 2d Inst: I wrote to Mr Randolph, and sent him Copies of my Representation relative to Captures, and of the answer to it.\n               I am this moment returned from a long Conference with Lord Grenville\u2014our Prospects become more and more promising as we advance in the Business\u2014The Compensation Cases (as described in the answer) and the amount of Damages, will I have Reason to hope be referred to the Decision of Commissioners mutually to be appointed by the two Governmts, and the money paid without Delay on their Certificates; and the Business closed as speedily as may be possible. The Question of admitting our Vessels into the Islands under certain Limitations, is under Consideration; and will soon be decided\u2014a Treaty of Commerce is on the Carpet\u2014all other things being agreed the posts will be included. They contend that the article about the Negroes, does not extend to those who came in on their Proclamations; to whom (being vested with the Property in them by the Rights of war) they gave Freedom; but only to those who were bona fide the property of americans when the war ceased.  They will I think insist that British Debts, so far as injured by lawful Impediments, should be repaired by the U.S. by Decision of mutual Commissioners\u2014these things have passed in Conversation, but no Commitments on either Side: and not to have any official weight or use whatever.\n               The King observed to me the other Day\u2014\"Well Sir!  I imagine you begin to see that your mission will probably be succesful\"\u2014\"I am happy may it please your majesty to find that you entertain that Idea\"\u2014\"Well but dont you percieve that it is like to be so?\"  \"There are some recent Circumstances (the answer to my Representation &ca) which induce me to flatter myself that it will be so.\"\n               He nodded with a Smile\u2014signifying\u2014that it was to those Circumstances that he alluded\u2014the Conversation then turned to inddifferent Topics\u2014this was at the drawing Room.\n               I have never been more unceasingly employed than I have been for some Time past, and still am\u2014I hope for Good\u2014but\n                  God only knows. The Wm Penn sails in the Morning. I write these few Lines in Haste to let you see that the Business is going on as fast as can reasonably be expected; and that it is very important that Peace and Quiet should be preserved for the present.\n               on hearing last night that one of our Indiamen had been carried into Halifax, I mentioned it to Ld Grenville\u2014He will write immediately by the Packet on the Subject\u2014Indeed I believe they are endeavouring to restore a proper Conduct towards us every \n               where\u2014but it will take some Time before the Effects will be visible. I write all this to You in Confidence, and for your own private Satisfaction\u2014I have not Time to explain my Reasons, but they are cogent.\n               I could fill some Sheets with interesting Communications, if I had Leisure\u2014but other matters press and must not be postponed; for \"there is a Tide in human affairs\" of which every moment is precious\u2014whatever may be the Issue, nothing in my power to ensure Success, shall be neglected or delayed. with sincere Respect Esteem and Attachment I am Dear Sir your obliged and obt Servt\n                  P.S. I shall enclose with this my Dispatches to Mr Randolph\u2014If the Wm penn should be stopped by a belligerent vessel\u2014they will respect a Letter directed to You more than one directed to him.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0360", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 5 August 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  War department August 5th 1794\n               I have the honor to submit a letter from Mr O Hara Quarter Master General containing the confirmation of the affair at Fort Recovery, also letters from Major Craig and Lieut. Colonel Butler.\n               Ensign Semple who came express with these papers says that General Neville and Major Lennox intended to go as low as Washington and then cross the Country. That he learnt at Greensburg that the Insurgents had burnt Wells\u2019 house an excise officer, and that after that they had generally dispersed.  I have the honor to be with the highest respect Your humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0361", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 5 August 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Philadelphia, 5th August 1794\n               The important subject, which led to our conference on Saturday last, and the interesting discussion that then took place, having since engaged my whole attention, I am prepared, in compliance with your request, to state with candor the measures which, in my opinion, ought to be pursued by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.  The circumstances of the case evidently require a firm and energetic conduct on our part, as well as on the part of the General Government; but as they do not preclude the exercise of a prudent and humane policy, I enjoy a sincere gratification in recollecting the sentiment of regret, with which you contemplated the possible necessity of an appeal to arms. For, I confess, that in manifesting a zealous disposition to secure obedience to the constitutions and Laws of our Country, I too shall ever prefer the instruments of conciliation to those of coercion; and never, but in the last resort, countenance a dereliction of Judiciary authority, for the exertion of Military force.\n               Under the influence of this general sentiment, I shall proceed, Sir, to deliver my opinion relatively to the recent Riots in the county of Allegheny; recapitulating, in the first place, the actual state of the information which I have received.\n               It appears, then, that the Marshal of the District having, without molestation, served certain process, that issued from a Federal Court, on various Citizens who reside in the county of Fayette, thought it proper to prosecute a similar duty in the county of Allegheny, with the assistance, and in the company of Genl Nevill, the Inspector of the Excise for the western District of Pennsylvania: that while thus accompanied he suffered some insults, and encountered some opposition: that considerable bodies of armed men having, at several times, demanded the surrender of Genl Nevill\u2019s commission and papers, attacked and, ultimately, destroyed his house: that these Rioters (of whom a few were killed, and many wounded) having taken the Marshal and others prisoners, released that officer, in consideration of a promise, that he would serve no more process on the western side of the Allegheney Mountain: that, under the apprehension of violence, Genl Nevill, before his house was destroyed, applied to the Judges of Allegheney County for the protection of his property, but the Judges on the 17th day of July, the day on which his house was destroyed, declared that they could not, in the present circumstances, afford the protection that was requested, though they offered to institute prosecutions against the Offenders; and that Genl Nevill and the Marshal, menaced with further outrage by the Rioters, had been under the necessity of withdrawing from the county. To this outline of the actual information respecting the riots, the stoppage of the Mail may be added, as matter of aggravation; and the proposed Convention of the inhabitants of the neighbouring Counties of Pennsylvania and Virginia, as matter of alarm.\n               Whatever construction may be given, on the part of the United States, to the facts that have been recited, I cannot hesitate to declare on the part of Pennsylvania, that the incompetency of the Judiciary Department of her Government, to vindicate the violated laws, has not at this period been made sufficiently apparent; and that the Military power of the Government ought not to be employed until its Judiciary authority, after a fair experiment, has proved incompetent to enforce obedience, or to punish infractions of the law.  The law having established a tribunal and prescribed the mode for investigating every charge, has likewise attached to every offence its proper punishment. If an opponent of the Excise-system refuses or omits to perform\n                  the duty which that system prescribes to him, in common with his fellow Citizens, his refusal, or omission, exposes him to the penalty of the law; but the payment of the penalty expiates the legal offence. If a riot is committed in the course of a resistance to the execution of any law, the Rioters expose themselves to prosecution and punishment, but the sufferance of their sentence extinguishes their crime. In either instance, however, if the strength and audacity of a lawless combination shall baffle and destroy the efforts of the Judiciary authority to recover a penalty, or to inflict a punishment, that authority may Constitutionally claim the auxiliary intervention of a Military power; but still the intervention cannot commence till the impotency of the Judicial authority has been proved by experiment, nor continue a moment longer than the occasion for which it was expressly required.  That the laws of the Union are the laws of the State, is a Constitutional axiom that will never be controverted: that the authority of the State ought to be exerted in maintaining the authority of the Union, is a patriotic position which I have uniformly inculcated: but in executing the laws or maintaining the authority of the Union, the Government of Pennsylvania can only employ the same means, by which the more peculiarly municipal laws and authority of the State are executed and maintained. \u2019Till the riot was committed, no offence had occurred, which required the aid of the State Government: when it was committed, it became the duty of the State Government to prosecute the offenders, as for a breach of the public peace and the laws of the Commonwealth; and if the measures shall be precisely what would have been pursued, had the riot been unconnected with the system of Federal policy, all, I presume, will be done, which good faith and justice can require. Had the riot been unconnected with the system of Federal policy, the vindication of our laws would be left to the ordinary course of justice; and, only in the last resort, at the requisition, and as an auxiliary, of the Civil authority, would the Military force of the State be called forth.\n               Experience furnishes the strongest inducements to my mind, for persevering in this lenient course. Riots have heretofore been committed in opposition to the laws of Pennsylvania, but the rioters have invariably been punished by our Courts of Justice. In opposition to the laws of the United States, in opposition to\n                  the very laws now opposed, and in the very counties supposed to be combined in the present opposition, riots have, likewise, formerly occurred; but in every instance, supported by legal proof, the offenders have been indicted, convicted, and punished, before the tribunals of the State. This result does not announce a defect of jurisdiction\u2014a want of Judicial power, or disposition, to punish infractions of the law; a necessity for an appeal from the political, to the physical strength of the Nation.\n               But another principle of policy deserves some consideration. In a free country it must be expedient to convince the Citizens of the necessity, that shall, at any time, induce the Government to employ the coercive authority with which it is invested. To convince them that it is necessary to call forth the Military power, for the purpose of executing the laws, it must be shewn, that the Judicial power has, in vain, attempted to punish those who violate them: and, therefore, thinking, as I do, that the incompetency of the Judicial power of Pennsylvania has not yet been sufficiently ascertained I remarked, in the course of our late conference, that I did not think it would be an easy task to embody the Militia, on the present occasion. The Citizens of Pennsylvania (however a part of them may, for a while, be deluded) are the friends of law and order: but when the inhabitants of one district shall be required to take arms against the inhabitants of another, their general character does not authorise me to promise a passive obedience to the mandates of Government. I believe, that as freemen they would enquire into the cause and nature of the service proposed to them; and, I believe, that their alacrity in performing, as well as in accepting it, would essentially depend on their opinion of its justice and necessity.\n               Upon great political emergencies, the effect of every measure should be deliberately weighed. If it shall be doubted, whether saying that the Judiciary power is yet untried, is enough to deter us from the immediate use of Military force, an anticipation of the probable consequences of that awful appeal, will enable us, perhaps, satisfactorily to remove or overlook the doubt. Will not the resort to force enflame and cement the existing opposition?  Will it not associate, in a common resistance, those who have hitherto peaceably, as well as those who have riotously, expressed their abhorrence of the Excise?  Will it not collect and combine every latent principle of discontent, arising from the supposed\n                  oppressive operations of the Federal Judiciary, the obstruction of the Western navigation, and a variety of other local sources?  May not the magnitude of the opposition, on the part of the ill-disposed, or the dissatisfaction at a premature resort to arms, on the part of the well-disposed, Citizens of this State, eventually involve the necessity of employing the Militia of other States?  And the accumulation of discontent, which the jealously engendered by that movement may produce, who can calculate, or who will be able to avert?  Nor, in this view of the subject, ought we to omit paying some regard to the ground for suspecting, that the British Government has already, insidiously and unjustly, attempted to seduce the Citizens on our Western frontier from their duty; and, we know, that in a moment of desperation, or disgust, men may be led to accept that as an assylum, which, under different impressions, they would shun as a snare.\n               It will not, I am persuaded, Sir, be presumed, from the expression of these sentiments, that I am insensible to the indignation, which the late outrages ought to excite in the mind of a Magistrate, entrusted with the execution of the laws. My object, at present, is to demonstrate, that on the principles of policy, as well as of law, it would be improper in me to employ the military power of the state, while its Judiciary authority is competent to punish the Offenders. But should the Judiciary authority prove insufficient, be assured of the most vigorous co-operation of the whole force which the Constitution and Laws of the State entrust to me, for the purpose of compelling a due obedience to the Government; and, in that unfortunate event, convinced that every other expedient has been resorted to in vain, the public opinion will sanctify our measures, and every honest Citizen will willingly lend his aid to strengthen and promote them.\n               The steps which under my instructions were taken, as soon as the intelligence respecting the riots was received, will clearly, indeed, manifest the sense that I entertain upon the subject. To every Judge, Justice, Sheriff, Brigade Inspector, in short to every public officer residing in the Western counties, a letter was addressed expressing my indignation and regret, and requiring an exertion of their influence and authority to suppress the tumults and punish the offenders. The Attorney General of the State was, likewise, desired to investigate the circumstances of the riot, to ascertain the names of the rioters, and to institute the\n                  regular process of the law, for bringing the leaders to justice.  In addition to these preliminary measures, I propose issuing a Proclamation, in order to declare (as far as I can declare them) the sentiments of the Government; to announce a determination to prosecute and punish the offenders; and to exhort the Citizens at large to pursue a peaceable and patriotic conduct: I propose engaging three respectable Citizens to act as Commissioners for addressing those who have embarked in the present combination, upon the lawless nature, and ruinous tendency of their proceedings; for inculcating the necessity of an immediate return to the duty which they owe their Country; and for promising (as far as the State is concerned) a forgiveness of their past transgressions, upon receiving a satisfactory assurance, that, in future, they will submit to the laws: and I propose, if all these expedients should be abortive, to convene the Legislature, that the ultimate means of subduing the spirit of insurrection, and of restoring tranquility and order, may be prescribed by their wisdom and authority.\n               You will perceive, Sir, that throughout my observations, I have cautiously avoided any reference to the nature of the evidence, from which the facts that relate to the riots are collected, or to the conduct which the Government of the United States may pursue on this important occasion. I have hitherto, indeed, only spoken as the Executive Magistrate of Pennsylvania, charged with a general superintendance and care that the laws of the Commonwealth be faithfully executed, leaving it as I ought implicitly to your judgment, to chuse on such evidence as you approve, the measures for discharging the analagous trust which is confided to you in relation to the laws of the Union. But before I conclude, it is proper under the impression of my Federal obligations, to add a full and unequivocal assurance, that whatever requisition you may make, whatever duty you may impose, in pursuance of your Constitutional and legal powers, will on my part be promptly undertaken, and faithfully discharged. I have the honor to be, With perfect respect, Sir, Your Excellency\u2019s Most Obedt Hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0362", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 5 August 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The late events in the neighbourhood of Pittsburg appeared, on the first intelligence of them, to be extensive in their relations. But subsequent reflection, and the conference with the governor of Pennsylvania, have multiplied them in my mind tenfold.  Indeed, sir, the moment is big with a crisis, which would\n                  convulse the oldest government; and if it should burst on ours, its extent and dominion can be but faintly conjectured.\n               At our first consultation in your presence, the indignation, which we all felt at the outrages committed, lead us to advise, that the information received should be laid before an associate justice or the district judge, to be considered under the act of May 2d 1792.  This step was urged, by the necessity of understanding without delay all the means, vested in the President for suppressing the progress of the mischief. A caution, however, was prescribed to the attorney-general, who submitted the documents to the judge; not to express to him the most distant wish in the President, that the certificate should be granted.\n               The certificate has been granted; and altho\u2019 the testimony is not, in my judgment, yet in sufficient legal form to become the groundwork of such an act; and a judge ought not a priori to decide, that the marshal is incompetent to suppress the combination by the posse comitatus; yet the certificate if it be minute enough is conclusive, that \"in the counties of Washington and Alleghany, in Pennsylvania, laws of the U.S. are opposed and the execution thereof obstructed by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers, vested in the marshal of that district.\"  But the certificate specifies no particular law, which has been opposed. This defect I remarked to Judge Wilson, from whom the certificate came; and observed, that the design of the law being, that a judge should point out to the executive, where the judiciary stood in need of military aid, it was frustrated, if military force should be applied to laws, which the judge might not contemplate. He did not yield to my reasoning; and therefore I presume, that the objection will not be received against the validity of the certificate.\n               Upon the supposition of its being valid, a power arises to the President, to call forth the militia of Pennsylvania, and eventually the militia of other states, which may be convenient. But as the law does not compel the President to array the militia in consequence of the certificate, and renders it lawful only for him to do so; the grand inquiry is whether it be expedient to exercise this power at this time.\n               On many occasions have I contended, that whensoever military coercion is to be resorted to in support of law, the militia\n                  are the true, proper and only instruments which ought to be employed. But a calm survey of the situation of the United States has presented these dangers, and these objections, and banish every idea of calling them into immediate action.\n               1. A radical and universal dissatisfaction with the excise pervades the four transmontane counties of Pennsylvania, having more than sixty three thousand souls in the whole, and more than fifteen thousand white males above the age of sixteen. The counties on the eastern side of the mountain, and some other populous counties are infected by similar prejudices, inferior in degree and dormant, but not extinguished.\n               2. Several counties in Virginia, having a strong militia, participate in these feelings.\n               3. The insurgents, themselves numerous, are more closely united by like dangers, with friends and kindred, scattered abroad in different places, who will enter into all the apprehensions, and combine in all the precautions of safety, adopted by them.\n               4. As soon too, as any event of eclat shall occur, around which persons, discontented in other principles, whether of aversion to the government or disgust with any measures of the administration may rally, they will make common cause.\n               5. The governor of Pennsylvania has declared his opinion to be, that the militia, which can be drawn forth, would be unequal to the task.\n               6. If the militia of other states are to be called forth, it is not a decided thing, that many of them may not refuse. And if they comply, is nothing to be apprehended from a strong cement growing between all the militia of Pennsylvania, when they perceive that another militia is to be introduced into the bosom of their country?  The experiment is at least untried.\n               7. The expence of a military expedition will be very great; and with a devouring Indian war, the commencement of a navy, the sum to be expended for obtaining a peace with Algiers, the destruction of our mercantile capital by British depredations, the uncertainty of war or peace with Great Britain, the impatience of the people under increased taxes, the punctual support of our credit, it behoves those, who manage our fiscal matters to be sure of their pecuniary resources, when so great a field of new and unexpected expence is to be opened.\n               8. Is there any appropriation of money, which can be immediately devoted to this use?  If not, how can money be drawn?  It is said, that appropriations exist to the war-department generally; but it may deserve inquiry, whether they were not made upon a particular statements of a kind of service, essentially distinct from the one proposed.\n               9. If the intelligence of the overtures of the British to the western countries be true, and the inhabitants should be driven to accept their aid, the supplies of our western army, the western army itself, may be destroyed; the reunion of that country to the United States will be impracticable; and we must be engaged in a British war. If the intelligence be probable only, how difficult will it be to bring the world to believe, that we have been consistent in our conduct; when, after running the hazard of mortally offending the French by the punctilious observance of neutrality; after deprecating the wrath of the English by every possible act of government; after the request for the suspension of a settlement at Presqu\u2019 Isle from has in some measure been founded on the possibility of Great Britain being roused to arms by it; we pursue measures, which threaten collision with G. Britain, and which are mixed with the blood of our fellow citizens\u2014If this intelligence be absolutely untrue; still may not the western people strike deep into our Western army, if they should enter into serious hostility against the U.S.?\n               10. If a miscarriage should befal the U.S. in the beginning, what may not be the consequence?  And if this should not happen, is it possible to foresee, what may be the effect of ten, twenty or thirty thousand of our citizens being drawn into the field against as many more. There is another enemy in the heart of the Southern States, which would not sleep, with such an opportunity of advantage.\n               11. It is a fact, well known, that the parties in the U.S. are highly inflamed against each other; and that there is but one character, which keeps both in awe. As soon as the sword is drawn, nothing will be able to restrain them.\n               On this subject, the souls of some good men bleed. They have often asked themselves, why they are always so jealous of military power, whenever it has been proposed to be exercised, under the form of a succour to the civil authority?  how it has happened, that with a temper, not addicted to suspicion, nor unfriendly to\n                  those who propose military force, they do not court the shining reputation, which is acquired by being always ready for strong measures?  This is the reason; that they are confident, that they know the ultimate sense of the people; that the will of the people must force its way in the government; that, notwithstanding the indignation, which may be raised against the insurgents; yet if measures, unnecessarily harsh, disproportionately harsh, and without a previous trial of every thing, which law and the spirit of conciliation can do, be executed, that indignation will give way, and the people will be estranged from the administration, which made the experiment. There is a second reason; one motive, assigned in argument, for calling forth the militia, has been, that a government can never be said to be established, until some signal display has manifested its power of military coercion. This maxim, if indulged, would heap curses upon the government. The strength of a government is the affection of the people; and while that is maintained, every invader, every insurgent, will as certainly count upon the fear of its strength, as if it had, with one army of citizens mowed down another.\n               Let the parties then be ever kindled into action, sentiments, like these, will produce a flame, which will not terminate in a common revolution.\n               Knowing, sir, as I do, the motives, which govern you in office, I was certain, that you would be anxious to mitigate, as far as you thought it practicable, the military course, which has been recommended. You have accordingly suspended the force of the preceding observations, by determining not to call forth the militia immediately to action, and to send commissioners, who may explain and adjust, if possible, the present discontents.\n               The next question then is, whether the militia shall be directed to hold themselves in readiness; or shall not be summoned at all?\n               It has been supposed by some gentlemen, that when reconciliation is offered with one hand, terror should be borne in the other; and that a full amnesty and oblivion shall not be granted, unless the excise laws be complied with in the fullest manner.\n               With a language such as this, the overtures of peace will be considered delusive by the insurgents and the rest of the world. It will be said and believed, that the design of sending commissioners was only to gloss over hostility; to endeavour to divide;\n                  to sound the strength of the insurgents; to discover the most culpable persons, to be marked out for punishment; to temporize, until congress can be prevailed upon to order further force, or the western army may be at leisure from the savages, to be turned upon the insurgents; and many other suspicions will be entertained, which cannot be here enumerated. When Congress talked of some high-handed steps against G. Britain, they were disapproved, as counteracting Mr Jay\u2019s mission; because it could not be expected, that she would be dragooned.  Human Nature will to a certain point shew itself to be the same even among the Alleghany mountains The mission will, I fear, fail; tho\u2019 it would be to me the most grateful occurrence in life to find my prediction falsified. If it does fail, and in consequence of the disappointment the militia should be required to act, then will return that fatal train of events, which I have stated above, as being suspended for the present.\n               What would be the inconvenience of delay?  The result of the mission would be known in four weeks; and the President would be master of his measures, without any previous commitment. Four weeks could not render the insurgents more formidable: that space of time might render them less so, by affording room for reflection: and the government will have a sufficient season remaining to act in\u2014Until every peaceable attempt shall be exhausted, it is not clear to me, that as soon as the call is made, and the proclamation issued, the militia may not enter into some combinations, which will satisfy the insurgents, that they need fear nothing from them, and spread those combinations among the militia of the other states.\n               My opinion therefore is, that the commissioners will be furnished with enough on the score of terror, when they announce, that the President is in possession of the certificate of the judge. It will confirm the humanity of the mission; and notwithstanding some men might pay encomiums on decision, vigour of nerves &c. &c. if the militia were to be summoned to be held in readiness, the majority would conceive the merit of the mission incomplete, if this were to be done.\n               It will not, however, be supposed, that I mean that these outrages are to pass without Animadversion. No, sir. That the authority of government is to be maintained is not less my position, than that of others. But I prefer the accomplishment of this by\n                  every experiment of moderation in the first instance. The steps therefore, which I would recommend, are,\n               1. A serious proclamation, stating the mischief, declaring the power, possessed by the executive, and announcing, that it is witheld from motives of humanity and a wish for conciliation.\n               2. Commissioners, properly instructed to the same objects.\n               3. If they fail in their mission, let the offenders be prosecuted according to law.\n               4. If the judiciary authority is, after this, withstood, let the militia be called out.\n               These appear to me, to be the only means for producing unanimity in the people; and without that unanimity government may be mortified and defeated.\n               If the President shall determine to operate with the militia, it will be necessary to submit some animadversions upon the interpretation of the law. For it ought closely to be considered, whether if the combinations should disperse, the execution of process is not to be left to the marshal and his posse. But these will be deferred, until orders shall be discussed for the militia to march. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect, and sincere attachment yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0364", "content": "Title: From George Washington to James Ross, 6 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Ross, James\n               The enclosed was written agreeably to its date, & would have been sent by the Mail to Pittsburgh (under cover to Colo. Presley Nevill) but finding that this conveyance had become unsafe, I did not incline to embrace it. It will, I hope & expect, be put into your hands by Mr Bradford the Attorney General, who will communicate to you the purport of his visit into the part of the Country wherein you live.\n               The reason of my adding to the enclosed is, that yesterday a person (whose name, nor place of abode I did not enquire being otherwise engaged, & hurried at the time) called upon me to\n                  know if I wd sell my land in Fayette County\u2014being answered in the affirmative, he asked the price\u2014I told him I had given you a power to sell it, and to you his application had best be made. Pressing still to know the price I told him I could enter into no agreement, but supposed if the land was yet unsold he might obtain it at Six dollars an acre.\n               This person was a driver of his own team, & from his appearance I hardly supposed he was in circumstances to advance ten pounds in payment; but to my surprise he gave me to understand (not gasconadingly) that he could pay \u00a31000 down, and with sufficient time to dispose of the land on which he lives, he could pay \u00a33000 more.\n               I advised him to you, and he seemed disposed to go\u2014of which I make this mention\u2014I am sorry I did not ask his name as he seemed much in earnest, & had rid from Phila. to this place for the sole purpose he said of making the foregoing enquiries\u2014I think he said he lived in Cumberland County. With great esteem I am\u2014Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0365", "content": "Title: Proclamation, 7 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n               Whereas combinations to defeat the execution of the laws laying duties upon Spirits distilled within the United States and upon Stills, have from the time of the commencement of those laws existed in some of the Western parts of Pennsylvania. And whereas the said Combinations, proceeding in a manner subversive equally of the just authority of Government and of the rights of individuals have hitherto effected their dangerous and criminal purpose; by the influence of certain irregular meetings\n                  whose proceedings have tended to encourage and uphold the spirit of opposition, by misrepresentations of the laws calculated to render them odious, by endeavours to deter those who might be so disposed from accepting offices under them, through fear of public resentment and of injury to person and property, and to compel those who had accepted such offices by actual violence to surrender or forbear the execution of them; by circulating vindictive menaces against all those who should otherwise directly or indirectly aid in the exectution of the said laws, or who, yielding to the dictates of conscience and to a sense of obligation should themselves comply therewith, by actually injuring and destroying the property of persons who were understood to have so complied; by inflicting cruel and humiliating punishments upon private citizens for no other cause than that of appearing to be friends of the laws; by intercepting the public officers on the high ways, abusing, assaulting and otherwise ill treating them; by going to their houses in the night, gaining admittance by force, taking away their papers and committing other outrages; employing for these unwarrantable purposes the Agency of Armed Banditti, disguised in such manner as for the most part to escape discovery:  And whereas the endeavors of the Legislature to obviate objections to the said laws, by lowering the duties and by other alterations conducive to the convenience of those whom they immediately affect (though they have given satisfaction in other quarters) and the endeavors of the Executive officers to conciliate a compliance with the laws, by explanations, by forbearance and even by particular accommodations founded on the suggestion of local considerations, have been disappointed of their effect by the machinations of persons whose industry to excite resistance has increased with every appearance of a disposition among the people to relax in their opposition and to acquiesce in the laws: insomuch that many persons in the said western parts of Pennsylvania have at length been hardy enough to perpetrate acts which I am advised amount to treason, being overt acts of levying war against the United States; the said persons having on the sixteenth and Seventeenth of July last past proceeded in arms (on the second day amounting to several hundreds) to the house of John Neville Inspector of the Revenue for the fourth survey of the District of Pennsylvania, having repeatedly attacked the said house\n                  with the persons therein wounding some of them, having seized David Lenox, Marshal of the District of Pennsylvania, who previous thereto had been fired upon, while in the execution of his duty, by a party of armed men detaining him for some time prisoner, till for the preservation of his life and the obtaining of his liberty he found it necessary to enter into stipulations to forbear the execution of certain official duties touching processes issuing out of a Court of the United States\u2014and having finally obliged the said Inspector of the Revenue and the said marshal from considerations of personal safety to fly from that part of the Country, in order by a circuitous route to proceed to the seat of Government; avowing as the motives of these outrageous proceedings an intention to prevent by force of Arms the execution of the said laws, to oblige the said Inspector of the Revenue to renounce his said office, to withstand by open violence the lawful authority of the Government of the United States, and to compel thereby an alteration in the measures of the Legislature and a repeal of the laws aforesaid.  And whereas by a law of the United States intitled \"An Act to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union suppress insurrections and repel invasions,\" it is enacted \"that whenever the laws of the United States shall be opposed or the execution thereof obstructed in any State by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings or by the powers vested in the Marshals by that act, the same being notified by an associate Justice or the District Judge, it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to call forth the militia of such State to suppress such combinations and to cause the laws to be duly executed. And if the militia of a State where such Combinations may happen shall refuse or be insufficient to suppress the same it shall be lawful for the President if the Legislature of the United States shall not be in session to call forth and employ such numbers of the militia of any other State or States most convenient thereto, as may be necessary, and the use of the militia so to be called forth may be continued, if necessary, until the expiration of thirty days after the Commencement of the ensuing Session:  Provided always that whenever it may be necessary in the judgment of the President to use the military force hereby directed to be called forth; The President shall forthwith and previous thereto, by Proclamation, command\n                  such insurgents to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes within a limited time.\"  And whereas James Wilson an associate Justice on the fourth instant by writing under his hand did, from evidence which had been laid before him, notify to me that \"in the Counties of Washington and Alleghany in Pennsylvania laws of the United States are opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed by Combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of Judicial proceedings or by the powers vested in the Marshal of that District.\"  And whereas it is in my Judgment necessary under the circumstances of the case to take measures for calling forth the militia in order to suppress the Combinations aforesaid and to cause the Laws to be duly executed, and I have accordingly determined so to do, feeling the deepest regret for the occasion, but withal the most Solemn conviction, that the essential interests of the Union demand it, that the very existence of Government and the fundamental principles of social order are materially involved in the issue, and that the patriotism and firmness of all good Citizens are seriously called upon, as occasion may require, to aid in the effectual suppression of so fatal a Spirit.\n               Wherefore, and in pursuance of the Proviso above recited, I George Washington, President of the United States, do hereby command all persons, being insurgents as aforesaid and all others whom it may concern on or before the first day of September next to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes. And I do moreover warn all persons whomsoever against aiding abetting or comforting the perpetrators of the aforesaid treasonable Acts: and do require all officers and other Citizens according to their respective duties and the laws of the land to exert their utmost endeavors to prevent and suppress such dangerous proceedings.\n               In Testimony whereof I have caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed to these presents, and signed the same with my hand. Done at the City of Philadelphia the Seventh day of August one thousand seven hundred and ninety four, and of the Independence of the United States of America, the nineteenth.\n                  By the PresidentEdm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0367", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 8 August 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  War department August 8. 1794\n               There are about two hundred recruits who may be ordered to the frontiers. I have directed those Eastward of NewYork to move forward and those at New York to hold themselves in readiness\n                  to move when directed\u2014These recruits may be wanted at the place of the intended rendezvous.\n               Colonel Hamilton will take your further orders respecting them.  I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0369", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 8 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Knox, Henry\n               Dear SirGerman Town [Pa.]Friday 8 Oclock P.M. [8 Aug. 1794]\n               Mr Bradfords letter (which I presume you have seen, and) which was sent to me by Express, conveyed to my mind a different idea\n                  than it is now impressed with, from the Secretary of States account of the conversation he has had with Colo. Nevill & Major Lenox. I concluded from the first (combined with the articles in the morning Gazettes) that the Insurrection West of the mountains was not only general, but that the Insurgents were on the point of embodying; & would receive no mission. Under these circumstances I could see no propriety in the absence of the Officers of the government; nor how I could stand justified in permitting the measure. But as I do not perceive that the Accts of the Inspector & Marshall place matters in a worse light than they stood before\u2014I consent to your pursuing your plan\u2014& wish you a good journey & a safe & speedy return. Yours always", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0370", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 8 August 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The enclosed letter from Mr Bradford appears to deserve to be sent by express.  The separate powers, which he asks, tho\u2019 they cannot with propriety be demanded by insurgents, will be forwarded by a special messenger, to gratify him; if the two other Secretaries approve of them.  I shall carry Neville\u2019s and Lenox\u2019s\n                  account of the matters with me in the evening to German Town; as I shall watch for their arrival, and immediately confer with them.\n               The Governor\u2019s two proclamations are inclosed; one in the newspaper; the other in a handbill.  I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0371", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 8 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n                  German Town [Pa.] 2 o\u2019clock, 8th August 1794.\n               I have this instant received your note of even date with this, and desire if the request of the Attorney-General accords with the unanimous sentiments of yourself and the other two Secretaries, the power may be sent agreeably thereto.\n               I request also, that all the information that can be obtained from the Inspector Neville & the Marshal, may be had as soon as they shall have arriv\u2019d in the City; & wish it to be delivered before yourself & the above Gentlemen, that all of you being thoroughly possessed of the facts\u2014and digesting them well\u2014may be ready to meet me at my Ho. in the City to morrow morning with your opinions on the propriety of changing any measure already resolved on, or for adding others thereto according to the information which shall be received from them.\n               It might not be amiss that Inspector & marshal should be at hand to morrow, at the hour appointed.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0374", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 10 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               I have duly received your letter of the 3d, with the reports of the preceeding week.\n               If you think the Oat ground at River farm, will not be too much drawn by a succeeding Crop of Wheat, for Clover; I have no objection to your sowing it with Wheat. but I have serious doubts on this head; and doubts equally serious of another kind, viz.\u2014that on such stiff & baking land as mine is, sowing Clover on Wheat, in the Spring, (or which is still better, on light Snows in the Month of January or February) will rarely answer. A proof of this you have had both at Dogue Run & Union Farm the present year; and to the best of my recollection I have not been much more successful in former years. But I leave it to you to act in this case according to your own judgment. As I have understood from you, that your own land is equally stiff with mine, you will know better how to manage the latter than if it had been different.  It is my wish to lay the ground you speak of to Clover as soon as possibly it can be put into condition to bear it, to any advantage; for until this happens, the Seed is, in a manner, thrown away; and an expence, without profit, is incurred.\n               When the money becomes due for the flour sold in Alexandria, receive the same; take from it what your necessities may require; & deposit the rest in the Bank at that place; where it will be ready for my call, or any order I may give concerning it; informg me thereof.  I do not perceive by the Spinning report, that any of the Girls are employed in making woolen cloaths for the people; nor do I know what cloth you have on hand (from the Weavers) for this purpose\u2014All ought to be ready by the first of November, to deliver to them.\n               I do not, at this distance, pretend to determine when your people, generally, will have most leizure for the purpose, but this I can determine, that whenever it does happen, all hands that can be spared, ought to be employed on the New Race to the Mill; for the time spent in repairing the old Race after every Rain, would go a good way towards the completion of the new one; besides the great saving of water.\n               If you think the Fall a better time to sow the Seeds which have been saved from the little garden, & the Vineyard, than the Spring, I could wish to have it done, as I am extremely anxious to encrease the quantity of each as fast as I am able; particularly the Sainfoin; but if, on the other hand, the Spring is thought the safest Season, the sowing may be delayed until that period: wch on one Acct, would be convenient, as I wish to\n                  sow them in Squares in the lot now in Potatoes at the Mansion house.\n               Desire the Gardener to save as much Seed as he can from the everlasting Pea, in the Vineyard.  I cannot but be of opinion that this Pea, cut young, will make an excellent Hay. The quantity of it will be great\u2014and its continuance in the ground, long. Nor do I believe it requires very strong land to produce it. I am\u2014Your friend &ca\n                  P.S. Sow the early, that is the drilled Wheat, in good ground & in good time, that the most that can, may be made of it.\n                  If there is nothing in the ground (in the little garden) adjoining to the few plants of Sainfoin, you might put one half the seed of that plant which the Gardener saved therein\u2014let the rows be about 12 inches apart\u2014& the seed very thin in the Rows\u2014the other half may be kept for Spring sowing to take both seasons.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0375", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 10 August 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 10 Aug. 1794. On 17 Aug., GW wrote Pearce: \"Your letter of the 10th has been duly received.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0376", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Charles Mynn Thruston, 10 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Thruston, Charles Mynn\n                  German Town [Pa.] Augt 10th 1794(Private)\n               Your favor of the 21st of June came duly to hand. For the communications contained in it, I thank you; as I shall do for any other that is interesting to the Community and necessary for me to be informed of.\n               That there should exist in this country such a spirit as you say pervades the people of Kentucky (and which I have also learnt through other channels) is, to me, matter of great wonder; and that it should prevail there, more than in any other part of the Union is not less surprising to those who are acquainted with the exertions of the General government in their favor. But it will serve to evince whensoever, and to whomsoever facts are developed (and they are not unknown, at this moment, to many of the principal characters in that State) that there must exist a pre-disposition among them to be dissatisfied under any circumstances, and under every exertion of government (short of a war with Spain which must eventually involve one with Great Britain) to promote their welfare.\n               The protection they receive, and the unwearied endeavours of the General government to accomplish (by repeated & ardent remonstrances) what they seem to have most at heart\u2014viz.\u2014the navigation of the Mississipi, obtains no credit with them, or what is full as likely, may be concealed from them or misrepresented by those societies who under specious colourings are spreading mischief far & wide either from real ignorance of the measures pursuing by the government, or from a wish to bring it, as much as they are able, into discredit\u2014for what purposes, every man is left to his own conjectures.\n               That similar attempts to discontent the public mind have been pra<c>ticed with too much success in some of the Western Counties of this State you are, I am certain, not to learn. Actual rebellion against the Laws of the United States exist at this moment notwithstanding every lenient measure which could comport with the duties of the public Officers have been exercised to reconcile them to the collection of the taxes upon spirituous liquors and Stills\u2014What may be the consequences of such violent & outrageous proceedings is painful in a high degree even\n                  in contemplation\u2014But if the Laws are to be so trampled upon\u2014with impunity\u2014and a minority (a small one too) is to dictate to the majority there is an end put, at one stroke, to republican government; and nothing but anarchy and confusion is to be expected thereafter; for some other man, or society, may dislike another Law & oppose it with equal propriety until all Laws are prostrate and every one (the strongest I presume) will carve for himself. Yet, there will be found persons I have no doubt, who although they may not be hardy enough to justify such open opposition to the Laws will, nevertheless, be opposed to coercion even if the proclamation and the other temperate measures which are in train by the Executive to avert the dire necessity of a resort to arms, should fail.  How far such people may extend their influence\u2014and what may be the consequences thereof is not easy to decide; but this we know, that it is not difficult by concealment of some facts, & the exageration of others, (where there is an influence) to biass <a> well-meaning mind\u2014at least for a time\u2014truth will ultimately prevail where pains is taken to bring it to light.\n               I have a great regard for Genl Morgan, and respect his military talents, and am persuaded if a fit occasion should occur no one would exert them with more zeal in the service of his country than he would. It is my ardent wish however that this Country should remain in Peace as long as the Interest honour & dignity of it will permit\u2014and its laws, enacted by the Representatives of the People freely chosen shall obtain\u2014With much esteem\u2014I am, Dear Sir Your Obedt Hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0377", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 11 August 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Letter herewith enclosed from Mr Wangenheim came to me enclosed from him, requesting me to transmit it to You\u2014it\n                  was as it now is, without a cover\u2014of this Gentleman I have no knowledge or information but from these Letters. I have written to him, that the Issue of his Application to You could not be foreseen; but that as the united States interposed no Impediments to Emigrants, so on the other Hand, their Governmt offered no particular Gratifications or Inducements. many applications of the like kind are almost daily made to me by Frenchmen & others here. I uniformly give them the same Answer. The Spirit of Emigration to our Country becomes more and more diffused. Certain Resolutions from N. Carolina and Kentucky are here\u2014they do no Good.\n               The Sentiments expressed by Mr Fox relative to your administration are not singular here\u2014I have frequently heard the same from important characters opposed to him in Politics\u2014a war with us would be very unpopular, unless we provoked it\u2014I expect soon to write to You again. I have the Honor to be with perfect Respect Esteem and Attachmt Dear Sir your obliged & obt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0379", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to the Secretary of War, 11 August 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Knox, Henry\n               By the President\u2019s order B. Dandridge has the honor to transmit herewith enclosed to the Secy of War, two letters from the Govr of No. Carolina, of the 19. & 25 of July last\u2014& a letter from the Govr of Pennsylvania of the 9 inst.\n               The President requests the Secretary to answer to such parts of the Govr of North Carolinas Letters as may be thought to require it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0380", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 12 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President & sends him two letters which were received last night from Pittsburgh.\n               Would it not be adviseable to put the Garrison of Fort Franklin in the power of Major Butler, so that if he deems it advisable he may draw a part of it to his aid?\n               An attack from the Indians appears at present improbable, & an attack from the Insurgents probable enough.\n               The bearer of the letters waits orders to return.  Will The President suggest anything?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0381", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 12 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n                  Tuesday 4 o\u2019Clock German town [Pa.] Augt 12. 1794.\n               Your letter of the 12th did not get to my hands until my return from Philada about an hour ago.\n               The Letters from Majors Butler and Baif, make it necessary, in my opinion, to vest discretionary orders with the former, to reinforce the Garrison at Pittsburgh with as many men from Fort Franklin, as can be drawn from it without hazarding that post too much; provided the hazard (on account of the Insurgents) may not be too great for the proposed advantage of the measure.\n               I sent you through the Secry of State, two letters (of the 14th & 16th ulto) with enclosures from Govr Blount, which you will consider & report on.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0382", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 12 August 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Philadelphia, 12th August 1794\n               The Secretary of State has transmitted to me, in a letter dated the 7th of August (but only received yesterday) your reply to my letter of the 5th instant.\n               For a variety of reasons, it might be desireable, at this time, to avoid an extension of our correspondence, upon the subject to which those letters particularly relate; but the nature of the remarks contained in your reply, and the sincerity of my desire to merit, on the clearest principles, the confidence, which you are pleased to repose in me, will justify, even under the present circumstances of the case, an attempt to explain any ambiguity, and to remove any prejudice, that may have arisen, either from an inaccurate expression, or an accidental misconception, of the sentiments and views, which I meant to communicate.\n               That the course, which I have suggested as proper to be pursued, in relation to the recent disturbances in the western parts of Pennsylvania, contemplates the State, in a light too separate and unconnected, is a position, that I certainly did not intend to sanction, in any degree, that could wound your mind with a sentiment of regret. In submitting the construction of the facts, which must regulate the operations of the General Government, implicitly to your judgment; in cautiously avoiding any reference to the nature of the evidence, from which those facts are collected, or to the conduct which the United States might pursue; in declaring that I spoke only as the Executive Magistrate of the State, charged with a general superintendance and care, that its laws be faithfully executed; and, above all, in giving a full and unequivocal assurance, that whatever requisition you may make, whatever duty you may impose, in pursuance of your Constituted and legal powers, would, on my part, be promptly undertaken, and faithfully discharged; I thought that I had manifested the strongest sense of my Federal obligations, and that, so far from regarding the State in a separate and unconnected light, I had expressly recognized the subjection of her individual authority, to the national jurisdiction of the Union.\n               It is true, however, Sir, that I have only spoken as the Executive Magistrate of the State; but, in that character, it is a high\n                  gratification to find, that according to your opinion likewise, \"the propriety of the course which I suggested, would in most, if not in all respects, be susceptible of little question\".  Permit me then to ask, in what other character could I have spoken or what other language did the occasion require to be employed?  If the co-operation of the Government of Pennsylvania was the object of our conference, your constitutional requisition as the Executive of the Union, and my official compliance as the Executive of the State, would indubitably ensure it: but, if a preliminary, a separate, an unconnected conduct was expected to be pursued by the Executive Magistrate of Pennsylvania, his separate and unconnected power and discretion must furnish the rule of proceeding; and by that rule, agreeably to the admission which I have cited, \"the propriety of my course would in most, if not in all, respects, be susceptible of little question.\"  It must, therefore, in justice be remembered, that a principal point in our conference, related to the expediency of my adopting, independent of the General Government, a preliminary measure (as it was then termed) under the authority of an Act of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, which was passed on the 22nd day of September 1783; & which the Attorney General of the United states, thought to be in force, but which had, in fact, been repealed on the 11th of April 1793.\n               Upon the strictest idea of co-operative measures, however, I do not conceive, Sir, that any other plan could have been suggested, consistently with the powers of the Executive Magistrate of Pennsylvania, or with a reasonable attention on my part to a systematic and energetic course of proceeding. The complicated nature of the outrage which was committed upon the public peace gave a jurisdiction to both Governments; but in the mode of prosecuting, or in the degree of punishing the offenders, that circumstance could not, I apprehend, alter or enlarge the powers of either. The State (as I observed in my last letter) could only exert itself in executing the laws, or maintaining the authority of the Union, by the same means which she employed to execute and maintain her more peculiarly municipal laws and authority and hence I inferred, and still venture to infer, that if the course which I have suggested is the same that would have been pursued, had the riot been unconnected with the system of Federal policy, its propriety cannot be rendered questionable, merely by\n                  taking into our view (what I have never ceased to contemplate) the existence of a Federal Government, Federal laws, Federal Judiciary, and Federal Officers. But would it have been thought more consonant with the principles of co-operation, had I issued orders for an immediate, a separate, and an unconnected call of the militia, under the special authority, which was supposed to be given by a law, or under the general authority, which may be presumed to result from the Constitution?  Let it be considered, that you had already determined to exercise your legal powers in drafting a competent force of the Militia; and it will be allowed, that if I had undertaken, not only to comply promptly with your requisition, but to embody a distinct corps for the same service, an useless expence would have been incurred by the State, an unnecessary burthen would have been imposed on the Citizens, and embarrassmt and confusion would probably have been introduced, instea<d> of system and co-operation.  Regarding it in this point of light, indeed, it might be natural to think, that in the Judiciary, as well as in the Military, departmen<t,> the subject should be left entirely to the management, either of the State, or of the General Government; for \"the very important difference which is supposed to exist in the nature and consequences of the offences that have been committed, in the contemplation of the laws of the United States, and of those of Pennsylvania\", must otherwise destroy that uniformity in the definition of crimes, and the apportionment of punishments, which has always been deemed essential to a due administration of justice.\n               But let me not, Sir, be again misunderstood:  I do not mean by these observations to intimate an opinion, or to express a wish, that \"the care of vindicating the authority, or of enforcing the laws of the Union, should be transferred from the Officers of the General Government to those of the State\": nor, after expressly avowing, that I had cautiously avoided any reference to the conduct, which the Government of the United States might pursue on this important occasion, did I think an opportunity could be found, to infer that I was desirous of imposing a suspension of your proceedings, for the purpose of waiting the issue of the process, which I designed to pursue. \"If, indeed, the Government of the United States was at that point, where, it is admitted, if the Government of Pennsylvania was, the employment of\n                  force by its authority would be justifiable\", I am persuaded, that, on mature consideration, you will do more credit to my candor, than to suppose, that I meant to condemn or to prevent, the adoption of those measures, on the part of the General Government, which, in the same circumstances, I should have approved and promoted, on the part of Pennsylvania. The extracts that are introduced into the letter of the Secretary of State, in order to support that inference, can only be justly applied to the case, which was immediately in contemplation, the case of the State of Pennsylvania, whose Judiciary authority had not then, in my opinion, been sufficiently tried: They ought not surely to be applied to a case which I had cautiously excluded from my view, the case of the United States, whose Judiciary authority had, in your opinion, proved inadequate to the execution of the laws and the preservation of order: and if they shall be thus limited to their proper object, the justice and force of the argument which flows from them, can never be successfully controverted or denied. While you, Sir, were treading in the plain path designated by a positive law, with no other care than to preserve the forms, which the Legislature had prescribed, and relieved from a weight of responsibility by the legal operation of a Judge\u2019s Certificate; I was called upon to act, not in conformity to a positive law, but in compliance with the duty, which is supposed to result from the nature and constitution of the Executive office.  The Legislature had prescribed no forms to regulate my course; no certificate to inform my judgment; every step must be dictated by my own discretion; and every error of construction, or conduct, would be charged on my own character. Hence arose an essential difference in our official situations; and I am confident, that, on this ground alone, you will perceive a sufficient motive, for my considering the obligation, in point of law, to forbear the use of Military force \u2019till the Judiciary authority had been tried, as well as the probable effects, in point of policy, which that awful appeal might produce. For, Sir, it is certain, that at the time of our conference, there was no satisfactory evidence of the incompetency of the Judicial authority of Pennsylvania to vindicate the violated laws: I, therefore, could not, as Executive Magistrate, proceed upon a military plan; but, actuated by the genuine spirit of co-operation, not by a desire to sully the dignity, or to alienate the powers of the General Government, I\n                  still hoped and expected to be able on this, as on former occasions, to support the laws of the Union, or to punish the violaters of them, by an exertion of the Civil authority of the State Government, the State Judiciary, and the State Officers. This hope prompted the conciliatory course which I determined to pursue, and which, so far as respects the appointment of Commissioners, you have been pleased to incorporate with your plan: And if, after all, the purposes of justice could be attained, obedience to the laws could be restored, and the horrors of a civil war could be averted, by the auxiliary intervention of the State Government, I am persuaded you will join me in thinking, that the idea of placing the State in a separate and unconnected point of view, and the idea of making a transfer of the powers of the General Government, are not sufficiently clear, or cogent, to supersede such momentous considerations.\n               Having thus generally explained the principles contained in my letter of the 5th instant, permit me (without adverting to the material change that has since occurred in the state of our information, relatively to the riots; and which is calculated to produce a corresponding change of sentiments and conduct) to remark that many of the facts, that are mentioned by the Secretary of State, in order to shew that the Judiciary authority of the Union, after a fair and full experiment, had proved incompetent to enforce obedience, or to punish infractions, of the laws, were, before that communication, totally unknown to me. But, still, if it shall not be deemed a deviation from the restriction that I have determined to impose upon my correspondence, I would offer some doubts which, in that respect, occurred to my mind on the evidence, as it appeared at the time of our conference.  When I found that the Marshal had, without molestation, executed his office in the county of Fayette; that he was never insulted or opposed till he acted in company with General Nevill; and that the virulence of the Rioters was directly manifested against the person and property of the latter Gentleman, and only incidentally against the person of the former, I thought there was ground yet to suppose (and, as long as it was reasonable, I wished to suppose) that a spirit of opposition to the Officers employed under the Excise-law, and not a spirit of opposition to the Officers employed in the administration of justice, was the immediate source of the outrages, which\n                  we deprecate.  It is true, that these sources of opposition are equally reprehensible; and that their effects are alike unlawful: but on a question, respecting the power of the Judiciary authority, to enforce obedience, or to punish infractions of the law, it seemed to be material to discriminate between the cases alluded to, and to ascertain, with precision, the motives and the object of the Rioters. Again: As the Associate Judge had not at that time issued his Certificate, it was proper to scrutinize with strict attention the nature of the evidence on which an act of Government was to be founded. The Constitution of the Union, as well as of the State, had cautiously provided, even in the case of an individual, that \"no warrant should issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized\": and a much higher degree of caution might reasonably be exercised in a case, that involved a numerous body of Citizens in the imputation of treason, or felony, and required the substitution of Military, for the Judicial, instruments of co-ercion. The only affidavits that I recollect to have appeared, at the time of our conference, were those containing the hearsay of Colo. Mentges, and the vague narrative of the Post-Rider.  The letters that had been received from a variety of respectable Citizens, not being written under the sanction of an oath or affirmation, could not acquire the legal force and validity of evidence, from a mere authentication of the signatures of the respective writers. Under such circumstances, doubts arose, not whether \"the means which the laws prescribe for effectuating their own execution should be exerted\", but whether the existence of a specific case, to which specific means of redress were appropriated by the laws, had been legally established; not whether \"the laws, the Constitution, the Government, the principles of social order, and the bulwarks of private right and security should be sacrificed\"; but whether the plan proposed was the best calculated to preserve those inestimable blessings: And recollecting a declaration which was made in your presence, \"that it would not be enough for a military force to disperse the insurgents, and to restore matters to the situation in which they were two or three weeks before the riots were committed; but that the force must be continued, for the purpose of protecting the officers of the Revenue, and securing a perfect acquiescenc<e> in the\n                  obnoxious law\", I confess, Sir, the motives to caution and deliberation strike my mind with accumulated force. I hope, however, that it will never seriously be contended that a military force ought now to be raised with any view, but to suppress the Rioters; or, that, if raised with that view, it ought to be employed for any other. The dispersion of the insurgents is, indeed, obviously the sole object, for which the Act of Congress has authorised the use of military force, on occasions like the present; for, with a generous and laudable precaution, it expressly provides, that even before that force may be called forth, a Proclamation shall be issued commanding the insurgents to disperse, and retire peaceably to their respective abodes within a limited time.\n               But the force of these topics I again refer implicitly to your decision; convinced, Sir, that the goodness of your intentions now, not less than heretofore, merits an affectionate support from every description of your Fellow Citizens. For my own part, I derive a confidence from the heartfelt integrity of my views, the sincerity of my professions, which renders me invulnerable by any insinuation of practising a sinister or deceitful policy. I pretend not to infallibility in the exercise of my private judgment, or in the discharge of my public functions; but in the ardor of my attachment, and in the fidelity of my services, to our common Country, I feel no limitation. And Your Excellency, therefore, may justly be assured, that in every way, which the Constitutions of the United States and of Pennsylvania shall authorise and present, and future emergencies may require, you will receive my most cordial aid and support. I am, with perfect respect, Sir, Your Excellency\u2019s Most Obedt Hble serv:", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0383", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 14 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Attorney for the District of Virginia has presented to the accounting officers of the Treasury Department, a claim against the United States for his services in attending at Norfolk by direction from the Secy of State, in order to take depositions respecting a british vessel alledged to have been taken by a french privateer within the limits of the United States; which claim has been accordingly adjusted and the sum of sixty four dollars found due to the said Attorney.\n               As I know of no other fund out of which this money can be paid, and as it is highly probable that similar charges for preserving the neutrality of the United States, may be presented at the Treasury, I would beg leave to suggest to the President, whether they ought not to be discharged out of the fund of twenty thousand dollars appropriated the last session of Congress, to defray the contingent charges of Government. If the President should be of this opinion, he will be pleased to signify his approbation, as it relates to the Attorney for Virginia, upon the Comptroller\u2019s Certificate transmitted here with.\n               I have also further to observe that Mr Higginson, late Agent for the United States in the british West India Islands has in pursuance of his instructions from me, approved by The President, drawn upon the Treasurer of the United States, three bills, amounting to Three thousand nine hundred & fifty Dollars, on account of the expenses attending his mission. It will\n                  be necessary therefore, in order to honor these drafts, that the President should also authorize me to pay them out of the said fund of twenty thousand Dollars. This will be conformable with the course pursued in regard to the money advanced to him previous to his departure.  With the most perfect respect I have the honor to be &c.\n                  Alexandr Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0384", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Howell, 14 August 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Howell, Richard\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from Richard Howell, 14 Aug. 1794. On 23 Aug., John Stagg, Jr., wrote to Henry Knox: \"Governor Howell in his letter of the 14th inst: writes to the President, that if necessary, one thousand, instead of five hundred, cavalry, in complete order, can be furnished from\n               New Jersey, and that he has the pleasure to believe that the State will exert all their powers to support the honor and security of the general government\" (NNGL: Knox Papers).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0385", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 15 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to The President\u2014incloses him a letter which Mister Coxe has just brought to him for his perusal.\n               It is conceived that a reply may be given to this Letter, by Mister Coxe, which being published with the letter, may do good. If the President sees no objection, the idea will be pursued.\n               It is said that papers have been received from England down to the 26. of June, which announce that the duke of York & general Clairfait have received a new & total defeat, their army cut to peices & the duke of York missing. This was in an attempt to relieve Ypres. It is added that in consequence the Emperor has offered to purchase peace by a relinquishment of all the low Countries.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0386", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Marsden Pintard, 15 August 1794\nFrom: Pintard, John Marsden\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Madeira [Portugal] 15th August 1794\n               Presuming that your Supply of Madeira May want Replenishing (It being nine months Since the last was Shiped to you) I have taken the liberty to put on board My Brig The Edward Capt. Thomas Linnell two pipes of choice old wine which I have addressed to my Freinds Messr Pettit and Bayard to be delivered to your order. herewith you have an Invoice of their cost with the freight Included which you will be pleased to order paid unto my Said Freinds Messr Petitt & Bayard I have the Honor to be with profound Respect Sir Your Most obedient and devoted Humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0387", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 16 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               It appears probable that advantages will result from giving to the Citizens at large information on the subject of the disturbances which exist in the Western parts of Pennsylvania.\n               With this view, if no objection to the measure should occur to you, I would cause a publication to be made of the Report which I had the honor to address to you, dated the 5th instant.  With the most perfect respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0388", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 16 August 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 16 Aug. 1794. On 24 Aug., GW wrote Pearce: \"In reply to your letter of the 16th which, with the reports, came duly to hand.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0389", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Bradford, 17 August 1794\nFrom: Bradford, William\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Pittsburgh, Augt 17. 1794. Sunday Night\n               Altho\u2019 a pretty full narrative of the situation of this County is prepared to be transmitted to the Secretary of State I take the liberty of adding a few observations on this interesting subject, which may not be so proper in an official communication.\n               It will appear to you, Sir, from that letter to be our joint opinion that the people cannot be induced by conciliatory offers to relinquish their opposition to the excise laws. We venture this opinion, early, that those preparatory measures which are not inconsistent with the mission, may be contemplated & prosecuted by government, if any are deemed necessary. The more artful men among the insurgents will endeavor to gain time to prepare themselves\u2014& the moderate party will join them in hopes of putting off the evil day. Mr Brackenridge has already declared that nothing will save this Country from the horrors of a civil war but our waiting till Congress shall be addressed: & yet it is not pretended that things will be better, if the Legislature refuse to give them all they ask. In the meantime the season for employing the national force will be past\u2014the insurgents will have time to strengthen themselves\u2014to circulate the manifesto they are preparing\u2014to tamper with the people of Kentuckey\u2014to procure Ammunition & to overawe or seduce the well-affected. On the other hand some advantages might arise to the government from a short delay, especially if it could be employed in procuring some regular military force to aid the Militia. This the Legislature of Pennsylvania, if they were so disposed\u2014(& there has seldom been a better disposed assembly) could do. I am apprehensive that the Militia of this state west of the Susquehanna is not to be depended on: they have many relations & friends here\u2014& much industry has been used, it is said, in writing to them. The rest of our militia, the woodsmen here affect to dispise. They have morever strong hopes that many will advocate their cause\u2014that few will join the government\u2014& that even the Assembly itself may favour their endeavors to get rid of the Excise. These false hopes which buoy up their insolence & are deluding them into calamities the extent of which it is impossible to calculate\u2014will be dissipated if the Legislature of Pennsa moves with energy & embodies a regular force.\n               Another thing which deserves attention is the state of the\n                  Country as to military stores. I do not find that there is any Considerable quantity of Ammunition in the four counties: & were it possible to prevent any large quantities from coming into it, the measure would be an advantageous one. Most of the powder in Pittsburg was bought up by individuals (not in large quantities) a few weeks ago. There are 71 barrels of powder at Washington & 500 stand of Arms, under the care of the brigade inspector of the state. These were lately demanded of him: but the demand was parried by his telling them that it was time enough to take them when things came to extremity. There are no cannon but what are in the fort. Genl Butler has given orders about that piece at Wheeling. There is danger that the party stationed at Lebeuf with field pieces, being principally from this quarter of the Country might join the insurgents. In that case the garrison here must surrender as the fort is intirely commanded from a neighbouring hill.\n               There are few bayonets here\u2014but almost every man is well armed with a good rifle: and if a conflict should unhappily take place, the nature of their hostilities may be conjectured from the kind of arms they will use. Permit me to suggest that if the Executive is reduced to the necessity of employing coercion that great advantages will result from employing men accustomed to a similar mode of life with these people. Tho\u2019 they affect to dispise the atlantic militia they are said to have been uneasy at an idea which was circulated at Braddock\u2019s field that Genl Morgan would be sent against them with the woodsmen of Virginia. His being the father in Law of Col. Neville favored the conjecture.\n               I venture these thoughts which are the melancholy ofspring of the opinion we have taken up\u2014I wish I could say, too hastily. I have some hopes that things would yet take a favorable turn if we could prevail on the moderate party to declare themselves openly and exert themselves with spirit in support of the Laws. In that case there is little doubt but Allegany & Westmoreland would leave Washington to its fate. We have therefore endeavoured to impress it on some influential men that the period for decision is at hand\u2014that it will not do to temporise any longer\u2014and that their own safety as well as the happiness of their country depends upon their open and manly support of the national authority. But the terror excited by the late violence has been extreme. It has converted many into gross hypocrites. The people of Pittsburg even affected a zeal for the cause of the\n                  insurgents, (as criminal as it was mean) in order to preserve the town: Mr Brackenridge of this place has played this double part: Genl Wilkins is in the same predicament & altho\u2019 they are both on the conferring committe, they will not dare (I am afraid) to speak their opinion. Mr Ross declares to me that he thinks that any man who would openly recommend obedience to the excise laws would be in danger of assassination\u2014But if a few determined men would risk a little more their safety would be greater.\n               I have been credibly informed that the representation from Ohio county was sent by a feeble party there; If so, might it not be advisable to apprize the Governor of Virginia of it, that early measures may be taken in that quarter to prevent the spreading of the disaffection. There being four counties over the mountain in Virginia filled with a great number of hardy woodsmen, their cooperation with the insurgents would be extremely dangerous to the government.\n               As to the people of Kentuckey it is said that measures have been used to prejudice them in favor of the insurgents: but I have reason to believe that they would readily acquiesce in the excise had they hopes of the western navigation being speedily opened. May I take the Liberty, Sir here to repeat, the opinion, that it would probably have the happiest effects were it possible to bring the negociation on that subject to a close. An intimation that a definitive answer was demanded, would render them quiet in that quarter.\n               I ought to apologise for writing so largely\u2014but I have not had time to condense my thoughts\u2014& the subject is infinitely near my heart. I am distressed at the prospect before us and I feel it my duty to communicate my sentiments with the freedom which so interesting a period demands, and which I know you will approve.\n               I forgot to mention, that I have not been able to discover any inclination in the insurgents to avail themselves of british protection: but Mr Ross informs me that he has direct intelligence that about the last of July two men from Detroit appeared in Washington County to get an association to go and settle lands at the mouth of the Cayahoga, and that at the time his informant saw the paper there were about 400 names subscribed. He believes they are at present in the County on the waters of Buffaloe Creek.\n               The Chief Justice of the State and General Irvine have just arrived. I have the honor to be with the highest respect & Attachment, sir Your most Obedt servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0390", "content": "Title: From George Washington to James Butler, 17 August 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: James Butler\nLetter not found: to James Butler, c.17 Aug. 1794. On 17 Aug., GW wrote William Pearce: \"A letter is enclosed for Butler, who must take his own way.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0391", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Lee, 17 August 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               your late orders for a detachment of militia & proclamation give birth to a variety of sensations & opinions.  All good citizens deplore the events which have produced this conduct on your part, & feel but one determination to maintain inviolate our happy government at the risk of their lives & fortunes\u2014there are some among us from the influence of party spirit & from their own ambitious views who rejoice in National adversity & gladden when they hear of governmental embarrassments.\n               I am gratified in telling you that the great body of this state will exert themselves in whatever way you may direct to the utmost of their power & I am persuaded that you may count with certainty on their zeal & determination. the awful occasion demands united efforts & I beg leave to offer to you my services in any way or station you may deem them proper.\n               When I saw you in Philada I had many conversations with you respecting Mr Henry & since my return I have talked very freely & confidentially with that gentleman\u2014<I> plainly perceive that he has credited some information which he has received (from whom I know not) which induces him to beleive that you consider him a factious seditious character & that you expressed yourself to this effect on your return from So. Carolina in your journey thro this state as well as elsewhere\u2014Assured in my own mind that his opinions are groundless I have uniformly combated them, & lament that my endeavours have been unavailing\u2014He seems to be deeply & sorely effected. It is very much to be regretted, for he is a man of positive virtue as well as of transcendent talents, & was it not for his feelings above expressed, I verily beleive he would be found among the most active supporters of your administration\u2014Excuse me for mentioning this matter to you, I have long wished to do it in the hope that it will lead to a refutation of the sentiments entertained by Mr H.\n               A very respectable gentleman told me the other day that he was at mr Jeffersons & among enquirys which he made of that gentleman, he asked if it was possible that you had attached yourself to G. Britain & if it could be true that you was governed by British influence as was reported by many.\n               He was answered in the following Words \"that there was no\n                  danger of your being biassed by considerations of that sort so long as you was influenced by the wise advisers or advice which you at present had.\"\n               I requested him to reflect & reconsider & to repeat again the answer\u2014He did so & adhered to every word\u2014Now as the conversation astonished me & is inexplicable to my mind as well as derogatory to your character, I consider it would be unworthy to me to withhold the communication from you\u2014To no other person will it ever be made. The Gentleman is a Mr Robert Quarles who lives in Fluvanna County & is a man of strict veracity.  Wishing you every happiness I am your aff: friend", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0392", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 17 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               Your letter of the 10th has been duly received, and I am glad to find by it that your Corn still retains a favorable appearance, and that the ground on which it grows is in tolerable good order for the reception of Wheat. I wish it had been in perfect order, as I have no idea of the propriety of seeding where it is not. You have not yet answered a question in one of my late letters\u2014viz.\u2014whether the Buck wheat which had been plowed in for Manure, had so seeded the ground, as to be bringing forward a second crop of that article, for the same purpose\u2014that is, for manure.\n               I cannot with certainty recollect, whether I saw the India hemp growing when I was last at Mount Vernon; but think it was in the Vineyard; somewhere I hope it was sown, and therefore desire that the Seed may be saved in due season & with as little loss as possible: that, if it be valuable, I may make the most of it.\n               What appearance does the Potatoes, which the Gardener attempted to raise from the Sprouts, put on at this time; and what are they likely to come to, compared with such as might have been produced in the same ground, planted at the same time, in the usual way.\n               When I was at home, an application was made to me by Kate at Muddy hole (through her husband, Will) to serve the Negro Women (as a Grany) on my estate; intimating that she was full as well qualified for this purpose as those into whose hands it was entrusted and to whom I was paying twelve or \u00a315 a year: & why she should not be so, I know not; but wish you to cause some enquiry to be made into this matter, & commit this business to her, if thereupon you shall be satisfied of her qualifications. This service, formerly, was always performed by a Negro woman belonging to the estate\u2014but latterly, until now, none seemed disposed to undertake it.\n               I perceive by the George Town Gazette, that the Potomac Company, by their Treasurer William Hartshorn of Alexandria, has called upon the holders of Shares in that Navigation for twelve pounds ster[lin]g each, to be paid on, or before the first day of next month (September). I hold five shares in this Company, which will make the call upon me \u00a360 Sterg which is to be discharged at an exchange of 33\u2153 prCt; wch amounts to \u00a380 Virga Curry or 266\u2154 dollrs. Let this sum be paid by the day, or I shall have interest to pay for every day it runs over. You will pay it out of the money due for the Flour which was sold in Alexandria, & wch I desired might be placed in the Bank.\n               Not having Colo. Lyles Bond by me, I cannot make a clear statement of the matter in my Books, without knowing the precise condition of it. I therefore desire you will send me an exact copy of the condition of the said Bond, with the date thereof in your first letter.\n               I do not conceive that you will sustain any loss in parting with Crow\u2014for a mans abilities, or knowledge of business is of little avail if they are not exerted; or if he suffers indolence, or amusements to overcome them\u2014& a bad temper to keep all around him in a state of disquietude which was too much the case with him as well as loss of Stock and injury to other things, by his inattentions and neglect. Do what you think best with McKoy, but recollect always that the season for providing good Overseers\n                  is passing away, & none will be to be had late, except such as, with difficulty, can get places at all; yet, I had rather you should take the chance of the Eastern shore before you engage any on the other shore or round abt you, as they are more accustomed to farming. But it may not be amiss to let it be generally known, before you go to the Eastern shore, that you are in want of Overseers; that if you fail to obtain any, while there, your chance may be the better after you return. I have not the smallest doubt but that a considerable portion of the materials which falls into the hands of Green, & those under him, are applied to purposes of their own. A letter is enclosed for Butler, who must take his own way. as to going or staying.\n               I hope your sick daughter has got well again\u2014I am Your friend &ca\n                  What rare ripe corn will you be able to save from what I sent home last Spring?  in part of an Ear.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0393", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 18 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of the Treasury submits to the President the draft of a letter on the subject of the proscribed privateers.  Would it not be adviseable to communicate the matter to the French minister & to request his cooperation in causing our ports to be no longer affronted by those vessels?\n               The appointment of Collectors for the Districts of Hampton & Snow-Hill is become urgent, the present incumbents having reiterated their requests that they might be relieved. Names have been placed before the President by letter in the first Case, & in the last verbally.\n               The enclosed papers will remind the President of the state of the business in each case. The Secretary wishes it may appear to him expedient to name Mister Jones for Hampton.\n               He has been able to obtain no light as to Mr Randolph\u2019s suggestion respecting Mister Selby, but he imagines the present Collector would not recommend a person really obnoxious to his fellow Citizens.  There are some other vacancies to be filled, which the Secretary will shortly have the honor of conferring with The President concerning.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0394", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the National Convention of France, 18 August 1794\nFrom: National Convention of France\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Paris, le 1er fructidor, L\u2019an 2e dela Republiquefran\u00e7aise une Et indivisible [18 Aug. 1794]\n               Au milieu des Victoires qui ont report\u00e9 loin des frontieres de France le th\u00e9atre d\u2019une guerre entreprise par une coalition infernale pour an\u00e9antir la Libert\u00e9 naissante, \u00e9touffer les principes\n                  dela philosophie et perpetuer le despotisme qui, depuis tant de siecles, opprime et avilit l\u2019espece humaine; au milieu des transports dela joie universelle qu\u2019excite en ce moment l\u2019enti\u00e8re destruction des conspirateurs; rien ne pouvait \u00eatre plus agr\u00e9able au peuple Francais que l\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019un Ministre Patriote envoy\u00e9 par les Etats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique, pour lui apporter, avec l\u2019expression de leurs vaux, le gage de l\u2019estime et de l\u2019amiti\u00e9 qui desormais doivent, sous tous les rapports, identifier les interets des deux nations. C\u2019est \u00e0 la s\u00e9ance du 28 de ce mois que son caract\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnu et proclam\u00e9.  Je remplis une mission bien satisfaisante en t\u2019en adressant le pr<oces> verbal.  Ce jour a jamais m\u00e9morable a, dans cette reception franche, amicale et solemnelle, v\u00fb cimenter l\u2019alliance et la fraternit\u00e9 des deux Peuples les plus amis dela Libert\u00e9 et les plus dignes de ses pr\u00e9cieux avantages.\n               Puisse-je, comme je le sens vous retracer par mes expressions, les mouvemens d\u2019all\u00e9gresse et d\u2019enthousias<me> qu\u2019ont manifest\u00e9s tous les coeurs, et vous rendre, ainsi que vos concitoyens, Spectateurs de cette sc\u00eane attendri<ssante> et Sublime, o\u00f9, apr\u00e8s la v\u00e9rification des lettres de cr<\u00e9ance> de James Monroe, le Pr\u00e9sident dela Convention Nation<ale> au milieu des plus vifs applaudissemens, a donn\u00e9, au nom du Peuple Fran\u00e7ais, l\u2019accolade fraternelle au Repr\u00e9sentant du Peuple Am\u00e9ricain!  Puisse ce Spec<tacle> nouveau dans les annales du monde, en faisant ch\u00e9rir de plus en plus aux deux R\u00e9publiques les lie<ns> qui les unissent, augmenter la terreur que leur puissa<nce> est faite pour inspirer aux ennemis de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 <\u00e0> \u00e9clairer les peuples encore asservis dans les deux mondes, reveiller dans leurs \u00e2mes le sentiment de <la> dignit\u00e9 de l\u2019homme, et leur faire sentir le prix d<e la> Libert\u00e9.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0395", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 18 August 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The following remarks occur upon the statement of Colo. Hamilton, which you did me the honor of communicating to me this morning.\n               1. In what manner is it to be exhibited to the public?  or in other words, is it to be introduced under the known or allowed countenance of the President?  As I do not see, how the one or the other can be avoided, it seems proper to call his attention to these points.\n               The specifying of names in the third page, and the omission of all names, except Cannon and Gallatin in the 16th page, when the names of the other persons assembled at Pittsburg are known, will be interpreted into a kind of warfare waged by the President against individuals in the former case, and a desire of selecting for odium Gallatin, whose hostility against the Secretary of the treasury is well known. May it not be better to pass over names?  They are sufficiently notorious already; and if such an idea, as I have suggested should be endangered, it would be an inconvenient thing without any profit.\n               In the 4th page it is objected to these men, that they criticize the salaries of the public officers. This does not absolutely belong to the subject, and the President will readily see, why, if it be not necessary, it may be more delicate to leave out the remark.\n               In page 5th I repeat the remark as to names, as well as the last remark about salaries.\n               It will occur, on reading the marshall\u2019s letter in page the 8th that he ought to have tried a posse comitatus and that it never has been tried: and this will be urged, as an insinuation of eagerness to get at military force. The like observation will arise, upon reading the close of the first paragraph in the 19th page.\n               The affair of the Maniac in the 11th page will be exposed to\n                  some shafts of ridicule, inserted as it is among the criminations of the insurgents, in the appeal of the President to the understanding of the people; which this statement will be considered.\n               In page 18th, the reasoning on the terms legal \n               measures to obstruct the operation of a law savours more of the acuteness of a lawyer, than the gravity and solid reasoning of the President. Suppose for instance, they had associated against drinking excised liquors, and keeping stills; would not this have been a legal measure; and would it not have obstructed the operation of a law?\n               In page 19th The supervisor is said to have been sent up with certain objects. Was it known to the President, that he went to obtain evidence of those, who composed the meeting at Pittsburg?  This circumstance would be pregnant with many remarks; especially as the attorney general is afterwards said to have been of opinion, that they were not indictable. For why send to inquire into the conduct of men, who were not liable to prosecution?  The supervisor and his report will be treated, as they have been with much contempt.\n               The opinion of the attorney general, as stated in page 21st is not now recollected; but a great doubt is entertained, whether there be not inaccuracy, at least so far as this, that the statement is not as strong as the opinion.\n               In page 22d the representations referred to are, I believe more favorable to government, than as they are quoted.\n               In page 37th an opportunity is offered to rectify, what Major Lenox complained of; and besides, it will be considered as uncandid, not to notice, that he had served all the processes, except one.\n               2. These observations result from the examination, which I have been able to give the paper. There may be more, deserving attention, than I have pointed out. But under the possibility of your becoming responsible for what nothing but a repeated examination can secure you: under the facility, with which the facts may be communicated to the public, without your intervention; and after your having given the essence and summary of these facts in your proclamation; I wish, that the paper should be communicated to the world in some other manner, than under your auspices. I confess, that I never can approve the drawing forth of your name and character, without necessity.\n               3. If on the other hand, you should be of opinion, that your being supposed to have authorized the publication does not\n                  commit you, and that the whole affair rests upon the responsibility of the Secretary of the treasury alone\u2014it may be still expedient to recommend to his notice, such of the preceding remarks as have any weight, and the word \"the\" instead of these in the 14th line of the first page, and the word \"if\" instead of \"of\" in the 10th line of the 27th page; both of which affect the sense. I have the honor, sir, to be, with the highest respect and sincere attachment yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0396", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Burgess Ball, 19 August 1794\nFrom: Ball, Burgess\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Bath [Berkeley County, Va.] 19th of Aug: 94.\n               Yours of the 10th came to hand yesterday, and this I shall send by the first Opporty that offers to any of the Post towns, there to be put in the Mail.\n               Nothing can be more distressing, at this time, than the Conduct\n                  of the People opposed to the Excise in Pensylva., and I know how much it must distress you. As far as I\u2019ve been able to judge of the dispositions of the People in the Counties of Loudon Berkely & Frederick, from being in Compy now & then, I am inclined to think the People of those Counties wou\u2019d be induced to parade pretty strong, that is, provided officers were appointed who had their Confidence. I have not seen Genl Dark or Genl Morgan, but have understood, that they are much averse to the Measures adopted by the Insurgents\u2014Previous to your Proclamation, & the sendg out Commissioners, the Oppinions of those I heard were much divided, but since, it seems unanimously admitted, by those who have ever been opposed to the Excise, as well as those who always thought it a good Law, that if the Commissioners effected nothing, & the Insurgents continued to defy the Government, Force was absolutely necessary, and they ought to be brought to subjection\u2014Your Proclamation, & sendg out Commissioners, has given (I believe) great Satisfaction. Genl Morgan I concieve wd be a proper Man to have a Command, as he wd, sooner than any other, get the men to march from those Counties and probably on meeting the Insurgents wd be more dreaded\u2014Genl Darke is very popular in this County, and (I think) wd very soon get a no. of men to march.\n               I\u2019ve had a good deal of Conversation in this County with a Capt. Stephenson (now at Bath) a man who rais\u2019d the finest Compy to go against the Indians, and in the shortest time\u2014He says he will go chearfully, & he knows Darke will if order\u2019d\u2014Stephenson is now (I believe) his Brigade Major, & is realy a Clever officer\u2014Morgan I\u2019ve not hear\u2019d so particularly abt, but it is here said, that he says he will go if orderd\u2014It was but a little while before I left Loudon, that the Outrage commensed, so that I hear\u2019d very little there abt it; but, in Conversasition with Genl Mason (Thompson) who has always been opposed to the Excise he admitted it was a lawless procedure & ought to be crushed\u2014The Excise Law seems by a great many (& I fear by the major part) to be very much condemn\u2019d but those with whom, of that Class, I have convers\u2019d, admit that a repeal of it in a proper manner, is the only move that ought to be attempted. Mr Robt Brooke of Fredericksbg, who is here, and who has always been as much oppos\u2019d to the Law as any one, speaks also in that way\u2014He is the leading man (I believe) in our Assembly,\n                  & is expected to be the next Governor.  Upon the whole sir, it seems the general Oppinion that if moderate measures will not bring the deluded People to a Sence of their duty, force must, as they dread the Idea of a State of Anarchy, wch otherwise must infallably ensue. God grant your Ex<er>tions in this affair, as all others, may be crown\u2019d with Success. I\u2019ve been at this Place abt 5 days, and instead of fin<ding> relief I am much worse, but hope it may be, that the Water after weakening may prove a restorative. I left <my> Family at Colo. Washingtons, where a<ll> were well of both families\u2014with Complimts to Mrs Washington, I am Dr sir yr affect. servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0397", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 19 August 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               A temporary absence from the seat of Government, & the extra avocations which have occupied me since my return have delayed my submitting to you the inclosed communication of the 15th of July from the Commissioner of the Revenue.\n               The arrangement proposed is the result of a previous consultation between the Commissioner of the Revenue & myself, and appears to me proper.\n               If adopted, it will remain to appoint the requisite Officers to which the power of the President is competent. On this head I will have the honor of submitting personally the result of my reflections & enquiries. I have the honor &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0398", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Robert Lewis, 19 August 1794\nFrom: Lewis, Robert\nTo: Washington, George\n               Your letters of the 18th of May and 18th of July came safe to hand. As I could not reply to the first without making myself acquainted with the particular circumstances which you requested; and, as that could not be done but by visiting the different places alluded to in both your letters, I can now, as I have just returned from a three weeks peregrination answer your queries. Your Land on Potomac remains almost in its original state, and far from being so much pillaged as was represented to me. Some few bee-trees have been cut down, but I can see no waste of timber. I have advertise\u2019d it to be rented, but few seem disposed to take it upon the terms which I have stipulated, altho\u2019 in my mind they are very reasonable.  I have procured a tenant for your houses in the town of Bath. He agrees to keep them in repair for the use of them. As the greater number of house\u2019s are let upon the same terms nothing more could be obtained.  Doctor Mackey has agree\u2019d to pay an annual rent of fifty shillings for the use of one of your lotts in the Town of Winchester which he has been in possession of for many years.  I have for several\n                  days last week been chaffering with your tenants in the County of Berkley for their Leases, but find they are not so easily bought out as might have been done last fall, or as I imagined could be done this summer. They estimate their rights so immensely high, that I have discarded the idea of doing any thing to your advantage until the winter, when many of them wish to move to different places, and its probable will sell upon terms much more advantageous than at present.\n               I am happy to inform you that your land on Difficult-run remains in statue quo. Many applications have been made in order to lease it for three lives, but I have always been of opinion that it was an improper mode of letting out land in these times, & have therefore declined every offer of the kind. I have never let any lotts for a longer term than ten & fifteen years since I have had any agency in your affairs. Upon strict examination I find there has been several transfers of Leases by the consent of Mr Muse, but have never seen any written instructions from you to him which cou\u2019d authorise his doing it. If you have ever given consent to such transfers, I should be glad to be informed in your next letter, as I shall issue this fall ejectments against every tenant who has not complied strictly with the covenants of his Lease. If you should have occasion for the money which is in my hands, I wou\u2019d gladly give you as much in Alexandria of mine for it, as it will save me a ride to Mount Vernon as well as the expence. Its probable your manager at Mount Vernon could get it without much inconvenience. Should you conclude to make these purchases next winter, its probable the ensuing rents may be sufficient to do it. I shall wait for your instructions. If ten per cent can be obtained upon all monies laid out for the purpose above mentioned, I suppose you will have no objection to my purchasing at any time between this & next January, as I expect several of them will offer me their lotts for sale previous to that time.\n               Mrs Lewis joins me in love to my Aunt\u2014I remain your obliged & Affectionate Nephew", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0400", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 19 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n               Dear Sir,Tuesday Morning 19th Augt\u201494.\n               I sincerely condole with you & Mrs Randolph on your late loss; but as it was an event which had been long expected, I hope she will meet the stroke with fortitude.\n               Under the circumstances wch exist it is by no means my desire that you should attend to the duties of yr Departmt in the City to day\u2014unless it accords perfectly with your convenience & inclination. In that case & that only It is my wish that the files of your Office may be thoroughly examined to see if such communications are on them as Mr Jaudenes refers to. and that you, & the Secrety of the Treasury wd give this matter full consideration between this & tomorrow when, at ten Oclock I will meet you both at my house in town to know the result & to converse further on this subject which from present appearances, I think undignified\u2014& highly insulting on the part of Spain.  Yours Affectly", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0401", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Cowper, 20 Aug. 1793 [letter not found]\nFrom: Cowper, John\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from John Cowper, 20 Aug. 1794. GW wrote Cowper on 4 Sept., \"Your letter of the 20th Ulto . . . came to my hands by tuesdays post.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0402", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Lee, 20 August 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               Pardon me for again writing to you in so short a time\u2014I always do it with reluctance, because I know your time occupied constantly with momentous concerns.\n               But the present crisis seems pregnant with very eventful issues.\n               the public mind is on the [stretch].  Love of order is the dominating principle, & hatred to draw blood from fellow citizens weighs\u2014the opinions of the minority of Congress are resorted to.\n               M. Gallatin always voted with our senators, Mr Smylie with our delegates, & they are declared to be among the leaders of the insurgents.\n               this may be a fact or may be so, but being credited as a truth it is from thence agreed that the resistance to law is venial & the effect will I fear be unfortunate to order where the fact is beleived & the inference regarded\u2014However I must yet adhere to my opinion given in my last letter viz., that the great body of the people will faithfully support their Cheif majistrate & their government.\n               Individuals once high among us in political influence will feel a decrease of weight.\n               Information transmitted weekly of the measures of the insurgents to be communicated here from authority I think would produ[c]e a continuance of the temper already shewn by my fellow citizens & I shall be very happy indeed to be instrumental in continuing & confirming their present general disposition. I have the honor to be dear sir with unalterable attachment your friend & sert", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0403", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Parish, 20 August 1794\nFrom: Parish, John\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Hamburg [Germany] the 20th August 1794\n               It was not for want of inclination that I have defered untill now, making my Acknowledgement for the honour which You have been pleased to confer on me, in the Appointment of Consul for the united States, I requested of my Friend Mr Morris to take an Opportunity of testifying to Your Excellency how Sensible I was of the preference Shewn me in this Nomination, and\n                  I hope the publick will have every reason to be Satisfied with the Attention which is paid to their Concerns here\u2014my highest Wish is to be deserving of Your Countenance & Protection. I have the honor to Subscribe myself most respectfully Sir Your most obedt humble Se.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0406", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 21 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n               To your note of this date (in behalf of the Department of War) asking my opinion or direction respecting the advisability of sending (under the existing circumstances of the Western Counties of Pennsylvania) two months pay to the army under the immediate orders of General Wayne, I answer, that under my present impressions the measure had better be delayed\u2014at least until the Commissioners who were sent into those Counties, make their report. It certainly would from all the information that has been received from that quarter be too hazardous to send a sum of money by the way of Pittsburgh, thro\u2019 counties that are in open rebellion; & besides the circuitousness of the route through what is called the Wilderness, & the length of time required to send it by a messenger that way, there would be, in my opinion, no small risk in the attempt.  But as I shall be in the City tomorrow, I will converse with you on this subject.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0408", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Mr. Le Breton des Chapelles, 21 Aug. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Le Breton des Chapelles\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from Mr. Le Breton des Chapelles, 21 Aug. 1794. On 9 Dec., George Taylor, Jr., wrote to Le Breton des Chapelles at Cologne, \"By direction of the Secretary of State I have the honor to forward to you herein inclosed a statement of Colonel Ternant in answer to your letter to the President of the United States of the 21st August last\" (DNA: RG 59, Diplomatic and Consular Instructions). The letter concerned a claim \"originally of 813 dollars\" for a Revolutionary War debt of the state of Virginia (see Jean-Baptiste, chevalier de Ternant, to Edmund Randolph, 3 Dec., DNA: RG 59, Notes from the French Legation).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0409", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 21 August 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The inclosed letter from Mr Bradford is this moment received.\n               I sent by Mr Cottringer some other letters.\n               I now add a letter from Innes to myself, a translation of the\n                  German letter, and a further letter and newspaper by the mail.  I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. ser.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0410", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 22 August 1794\nFrom: Lear, Tobias\nTo: Washington, George\n               It is with peculiar pleasure that I inform you of my having once more arrived in this comparatively happy Country.\n               I sailed from Liverpool on the 11th of June and reached this place today. I have brought with me a valuable cargo of goods\u2014and have made my arrangements of business to my Satisfaction in England, Scotland & Holland. I have returned home without visiting other Countries, because I found the Spirit of Revolution was so far prevailing everywhere that there could be no calculation upon the operations of measures next year which may be concerted this in the commercial line.\n               I heard of Mr Jay\u2019s arrival in London the day before I left Liverpool, and have had the pleasure to learn since my arrival that there have been advices from him of a later date than my Sailing.\n               Having but a few moments before the mail closes it is not in my power to Say anything on the subject of public affairs in Europe, & indeed of facts, & opinions founded on observation, I should have more to say than could be contained in the limits of a reasonable letter.\n               To the good & respectable Mrs Washington I must beg to be remembered in terms of gratitude & high respect\u2014and to Mr Dandridge\u2014Miss Nelly & my young friend Washington I give my best love\u2014With sentiments of sincere attachment I have the honor to be my dear Sir, Your grateful friend & respectful servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0414", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Burgess Ball, 24 August 1794\nFrom: Ball, Burgess\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Bath [Berkeley County, Va.] 24th of August 1794\n               Yours of the 10th I recd here on the 17th & shd e\u2019er this have answer\u2019d it; but wish\u2019d to do it with better Information than I then had, and indeed I wd have waited another day, as this day I expect Genl Mason in from Loudoun, but, tomorrow is the Post day from Winchester and an opporty just now offers there. The Conduct of the People in the upper part of Pensylva. is exceedingly reprobated by all the thinkg part here; and by those who have always been opposed to the Excise, as well as those in favour of it. The Gent. just callg on his way to Winchester; obliges me to curtail this Letter, & to inclose you a Scroll I wrote some days ago\u2014I\u2019ve just now been talk\u2019d to Genl Mason who arrived last Night abt Loudon\u2014He says he is afraid the Militia wd not be got easily to march, but, as he had ever been opposed to the Excise System, he wd think it more incumbent on him to use his\n                  Exertions to have the Laws executed\u2014Genl Darke I believe, wd be fond of going out, but Genl Morgan, I fear, without the Chief Command wd not.\n               I hope you\u2019ll excuse my takg this liberty of expressg myself\u2014I thank God I\u2019m better than at the date of my other. Im in haste Dr sir Yr Affect. Hbl. servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0415", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 24 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               In reply to your letter of the 16th which, with the reports, came duly to hand; I have only to observe that it never was my intention to withdraw the hands from other essential work to employ them on the New Mill-Race; on the contrary I only wish that this job may be prosecuted at times\u2014and at all times, when their other avocations will permit it, without detriment. No work is more essential, nor is their any that can be more pleasing to me, than that of getting the meadows in nice order; of course, employing the Ditchers to effect this cannot but be satisfactory.\n               I wish the Overseer you have lately engaged may turn out well. The Masons may judge tolerably of his industry, but they are very incompetent (in my opinion) to decide on his skill in any of the branches of farming\u2014particularly those of meadowing, grazing, & the care of stock; being planters themselves & little used to either. However, if he is sober, honest, industrious and docile, he may do under your immediate instructions, if you can keep him always with his people (and this I hope you will do) and make him be attentive to your orders and whatsoever intrusted to his care especially work horses & Cattle.\n               Alexandria will be no good school for Pine; and if you can find by enquiry after his having been there, that he falls into bad habits, or bad company, do not be concerned with him, let his promises be what they may; for these will follow him to Mount Vernon, where I would have neither introduced. I am under no sort of obligation to him, & therefore he can have no cause to complain if he is not employed by me.\n               Enclosed is a letter from Mr Butler.  On what ground he can expect further compensation than the agreement stipulates, I am at a loss to conceive. He will recollect that he represented himself to me as a person who had, and was qualified to superintend, a large concern. Under this idea it is highly probable I might, & I dare say did, tell him that if he was found competent to it, on trial, that he would be entrusted with the management of one of the Farms, where the wages were higher than could be afforded at the Ma<ns>ion house\u2014but has this been the case?  On the contrary, has it not been found, from experience, that from his age, inactivity, and want of authority, he is incompetent to the present concern, with which he was entrusted; & for these reasons I part with him?  & They are, surely, a sufficient bar to his application; unless, as possibly is the case, he means not to be charged with the money which was given to him to bear his expences from Philadelphia to Mount Vernon. This I did not intend to do; & further, if he goes away before the expiration of the year, he may, notwithstanding, receive the whole wages of one; what agreement you made with him for the last year, I know not\u2014I always supposed he was on the same lay as the year before; & this must certainly be understood if no new agreement was made.\n               Is Groves a married or single man?  If the former, what family has he?\n               How did your Turnips come up?  and what is the present appearance of them for a Crop?  What is the matter with your youngest daughter?  and how is your eldest now?  I remain your friend &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0416", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 24 August 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 24 Aug. 1794. On 31 Aug., GW wrote Pearce: \"In your last letter of the 24th instt came a copy of the conditions of Colo. Lyles Bond.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0417", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Christopher Cowper, 25 August 1794\nFrom: Cowper, Christopher\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Suffolk Virga August 25th 1794\n               By direction of Mr John Cowper of Gates County No. Carolina, I beg leave to enclose you four hundred & fifty dollars in Bank Notes \u214c List at foot, which be pleas\u2019d to pass to the credit of his bond granted to Mr John Lewis of Fredericksburg and assignd you; the receipt thereof please to acknowledge\u2014the balance to make one hundred & forty pounds Virginia Currency shall transmit you the first opportunity, or as soon as a bill of that amount can be obtained. With due respect I am Sir Your mo: ob. Servt\n                  Chris. Cowperfor John Cowper\n                        1 payable to Geo. Gale Baltimore", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0418", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Lee, 26 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lee, Henry\n                  German Town [Pa.] Augt 26th 1794.(Private)\n               Your favor of the 17th cam<e> duly to hand, and I thank you for its communications.\n               As the Insurgents in the western counties of this State are\n                  resolved (as far as we have yet been able to learn from the Commissioners, who have been sent amongst them) to persevere in their rebellious conduct until what they call the Excise law is repealed; and Acts of oblivion & amnesty are passed; it gives me since<re> consolation amidst the regret with whi<ch> I am filled, by such lawless & outrageous c<on>duct, to find by your letter abovemention<ed,> that it is held in general detestation by the good people of Virginia; and that you are disposed to lend your personal aid to subdue this spirit, & to bring those people to a proper sense of their duty.\n               On this latter point I shall refer you to letters from the War office; and to a private one from Colo. Hamilton (who in the absence of the Secretary of War, superintends the Military duties of that department) for my sentiments on this occasion.\n               It is with equal pride and satisfaction I add, that as far as my information extends, this insurrection is viewed with universal indignation and abhorrence; except by those who have never missed an opportunity by side blows, or otherwise, to aim their shafts at the general government; and even by these there is not a spirit hardy enough yet, openly to justify the daring infractions of Law and order; but by palliatives are attempting to suspend all proceedings against the insurgents until Congress shall have decided on the case, thereby intending to gain time, and if possible to make the evil more extensive\u2014more formidable\u2014and of course more difficult to counteract and subdue.\n               I consider this insurrection as the first formidable fruit of the Democratic Societies; brought forth I believe too prematurely for their own views, which may contribute to the annihilation of them.\n               That these societies were instituted by the artful & designing members (many of their body I have no doubt mean well, but know little of the real plan,) primarily to sow the Seeds of Jealousy & distrust among the people, of the government, by destroying all confidence in the Administration of it; and that these doctrines have been budding ever since, is not new to any one who is acquainted with the characters of their leaders, and have been attentive to their man\u0153uvres. I early gave it as my opinion to the confidential characters around me, that if these Societies were not counteracted (not by prosecutions, the ready way to make them grow stronger) or did not fall into disesteem from\n                  the knowledge of their origin, & the views with which they had been instituted by their father, Genet, for purposes well known to the Government; that they would shake the government to its foundation. Time & circumstances have confirmed me in this opinion, & I deeply regret the probable consequences, not as they will affect me personally\u2014(for I have not long to act on this theatre, and sure I am that not a man amongst them can be more anxious to put me aside, than I am to sink into the profoundest retirement); but because I see, under popular and fascinating guises, the most diabolical attempts to destroy the best fabric of human government & happiness, that has ever been presented for the acceptance of mankind.\n               A part of the plan for creating discord, is, I perceive, to make me say things of others, and others of me, wch have no foundation in truth. The first, in many instances I know to be the case\u2014and the second I believe to be so. but truth or falsehood is immaterial to them, provided their objects are promoted.\n               Under this head may be classed, I conceive, what it is reported I have said of Mr Henry\u2014& what Mr Jefferson is reported to have said of me; on both of which, particularly the first, I mean to dilate a little\u2014With solemn truth then I can declare, that I never expressed such sentiments of that Gentlemen, as from your letter, he has been led to believe. I had heard, it is true, that he retained his enmity to the Constitution; but with very peculiar pleasure I learnt from Colo. Coles (who I am sure will recollect it) that Mr Henry was acquiescent in his conduct, & that though he could not give up his opinions respecting the Constitution, yet, unless he should be called upon by official duty he wd express no sentiment unfriendly to the exercise of the powers of a government which had been chosen by a Majority of the people; or words to this effect. Except intimating in this conversation (which to the best of my recollection was introduced by Colo. Coles) that report had made Mr Henry speak a different language; and afterward at Prince Edward Court house, where I saw Mr Venables & finding I was within eight or ten miles of Mr Henry\u2019s seat & expressing my regret at not seeing him, the conversation might be similar to that held with Colo. Coles; I say, except in these two instances, I do not recollect, nor do I believe, that in the course of the journey to & from the Southward I ever mentioned Mr Henrys name in conjunction with the\n                  Constitution, or the government.  It is evident therefore, that these reports are propogated with evil intentions\u2014to create personal differences. On the question of the Constitution Mr Henry & myself, it is well known, have been of different opinions; but personally, I have always respected and esteemed him; nay more, I have conceived myself under obligations to him for the friendly manner in which he transmitted to me some insiduous anonymous writings that were sent to him in the close of the year 1777, with a view to embark him in the opposition that was forming against me at that time.\n               I well recollect the conversations you allude to in the winter preceeding the last; and I recollect also, that difficulties occurred which you, any more than myself, were not able to remove. 1st though you believed, yet you would not undertake to assert, that Mr Henry would be induced to accept any appointment under the General Government; in which case, & supposing him to be inemical to it, the wound the government would receive by his refusal, and the charge of attempting to silence his opposition by a place, would be great; 2d because you were of opinion that no office which would make a residence at the Seat of the government essential would comport with his disposition, or views; and 3dly because if there was a vacancy in the supreme Judiciary at that time (of which I am not at this time certain) it could not be filled from Virginia without giving two Judges to that State, which would have excited unpleasant sensations in other States.  Any thing short of one of the great Offices, it could not be presumed he would have accepted; nor would there (under any opinion he might entertain) have been propriety in offering it. What is it then, you have in contemplation, that you conceive would be relished?  and ought there not to be a moral certainty of its acceptance?  This being the case, there wd not be wanting a disposition on my part\u2014but strong inducements on public & private grounds, to invite Mr Henry into any employment under the General Government to which his inclination might lead, & not opposed by those maxims which has been the invariable rule of my conduct.\n               With respect to the words said to have been uttered by Mr Jefferson, they would be enigmatical to those who are acquainted with the characters about me, unless supposed to be spoken ironically; & in that case they are too injurious to me, & have\n                  too little foundation in truth, to be ascribed to him. There could not be the trace of doubt on his mind of predeliction in mine, towards G. Britain or her politics, unless (which I do not believe) he has set me down as one of the most deceitful, & uncandid men living; because, not only in private conversations between ourselves on this subject, but in my meetings with the confidential servants of the public, he has heard me often, when occasions presented themselves, express very different sentiments with an energy that could not be mistaken by any one present.\n               <Having determined, as far as lay within the powers of the Executive, to keep this country in a state of neutrality, I have made my public conduct accord with the system; and whilst so acting as a public character, consistency, & propriety as a private man, forbid those intemperate expressions in favor of one Nation, or to the prejudice of another, wch many have indulged themselves in\u2014I will venture to add\u2014to the embarrassment of government, without producing any good to the Country. With very great esteem & regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Obedt & Affecte", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0419", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Pyne, 26 August 1794\nFrom: Pyne, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Washington City Augst 26th 1794\n               Having no employment I took a trip to see this part of the Country and presumed the liberty of Seeing Vermont, a place I was most anxious to See and must confess fully answerd my most Sanguine Expectations, for it Seems as if designd by nature as the Seat of Some great man\u2014Mr Pearce behaved With much politeness and attention However much I held it a duty of informing you E\u2019re now of my com\u2019g here, yet a delicacy prevented me, as I Wish\u2019d not to be troublesome, and Knowing your attention engaged in matters of importance\n               Mr Butler, I find has got an employment at Mr Youngs at the foedral City, Wher<e> he goes to at November, Should you Wish me to Succeed him, and were it pleasing to you Should Gladly go there Some time prior to Mr Butlers departure in order to get acquainted With the nature of the business the Weekly reports &c. Which I find its requisite to make I make you every apology for this liberty and am Sir With respect Your Most Obt St", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0420", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 26 August 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Philadelphia August 26. 1794 \u00bd past one o\u2019clock.\n               I have not seen Mr Fauchet, and cannot ascertain, whether he has gone on to German Town or not. But finding that I should\n                  be obliged to return to Phila. tonight, and that my eyes are extremely uneasy and inflamed from the ride this morning, I must beg your excuse for not returning to dinner. I would however go back, if I did not know, that Colo. Hamilton will act as the interpreter to Mr Fauchet, if he has not yet collected a sufficient stock of English.\n               I do myself the honor of inclosing the papers and letters by the mails of to-day. I have received a letter from Colo. S. Smith of Baltimore which I will lay before you in the morning.  He considers the militia-law of Maryland, as insufficient for the purpose of drawing forth the quota, required from that state; and expresses himself with great strength against shedding blood, if it can be in any manner avoided. I have the honor, sir, to be with great respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n                  P.S. Since writing the above Mr Fauchet has informed me of his intention to go out.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0421", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Gabriel Peterson Van Horne, 26 August 1794\nFrom: Van Horne, Gabriel Peterson\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Yan Yille Prince Georg. [Md.] Augt 26t\n               Urged by the impression of Duty, And That Irrisistable impulse which, Arises from the Circumstances of past, and recent Events\u2014When Savage Hostilities have become Formidable; And the Supreme Authority Violated with impunity\u2014To be indifferent At such a Crisis, must discover an Apparent Disrespect for the Dignity of the Laws, And that Zealous Support requisite for the Executive Arm.\n               Conscious \u2019tis a painful Alternative, that Goverment, dictated by Necessity, must Extend Examplary Instances to the refractory\u2014And at a period so highly Interesting, \u2019tis the Duty of every Citizen To Evince his Gratitude, for the Blessings of a Goverment, defusing its Superior Advantages, from the Mildness of its Principles\u2014With those impressions, permit me Sir, to indulge the hope, that the President will (Occation requiring) Accept the Tendor Of my best Services\u2014To dispose of them in Any\n                  Degree, in which they may be instrumental in Support of the National Dignity; And the important Interest of Our Invaluable Constitution.\n               To those Assurances, And with due respect, the President will permit me to Observe that, Compatable with my Engagments with the State of Maryland, a priv<ate> Application Coud Not with propriety be made to the President\u2014Those Engagements are Now Terminate<d> And with Anxious Zeal, Eminating from that Sacred Esteem which the Laws inspire, Trust my Solicitude will meet the Approbation of the President. With Sentiments of the Highest respect, I am Sir, Your Most Obedt Servt\n                  Gabriel P. Van Horne", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0423", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Peter, 27 August 1794\nFrom: Peter, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have for some time past been in treaty with Charles Carter Esqr. for a Tract of Land in Louden County Virginia containing about 5,500 Acres which I consider to be a great bargain, & which I can not accomplish to secure unless I could borrow about \u00a32,000 Maryland Money.\n               My Father enables me to say that he will be my Security, if it could be borrowed for a few Years\u2014I could Negotiate for it, at the Bank of Columbia, but he is perfectly against having any thing to do with Negotiation of that kind, & Rather recommends my endeavouring to get it in some other way\u2014He has given me some Land in this State, & Property in the City of Washington, therefore I am averse to press him into any Mode of Negotiation for the Accomplishment of this very desireable object contrary to his own inclination; but he assures me that this sum shall be replaced in a few years & the Ints. Annually paid till fulfill\u2019d.\n               The Land is a great object with me, & if the Money could be secured through your Ints. on the above conditions he will chearfully support it\u2014It hurts me to address you on a subject of this Nature, but the bargain would be so advantageous in my Oppinion (as Land is raising so Rapidly in Value) that I hope it may Plead my Excuse with you for such Presumtion\u2014I remain with the utmost Esteem Dear sir Your Obt servt\n                  P.S. As I must give an answer soon to C. Carter Esqr. it will be pleasing to hear shortly from you. T.P.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0424", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Burgess Ball, 28 August 1794\nFrom: Ball, Burgess\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Bath [Berkeley County, Va.] 28th Aug: 1794.\n               In addition to the Scroll I wrote you a few days ago, I take the liberty of mentiong some further Circumstances. I am inform\u2019d Morgan & Dark are order\u2019d upon the Expidition on the Insurgents, shd it be carryed on. In Frederick no Draft will be necessary, & Volunteers will turn out, as also in this County, from which (this County) the proportion is abt 200 men. I hope in God the deluded People e\u2019er this have come to a Sence of their Error, but, if they do not, I have no doubt but a sufficient no. will soon be got to quell them. Since I wrote you I think I\u2019ve been mending but my Wife having been (since I left her) very sick, she is now on her way here also, so that I expect we shall yet be here 2 or 3 Weeks more. If 100 Acres of Land with the Seat on the River will be sufficient for the purpose wanted, I will take for that \u00a32000 Virga Money, of which I will inform Genl Knox, or, if you please, you may communicate to him.  This Place is gettg now almost deserted, so that we shall have a dreary time of it, but, Colo. Fitzgerald is here, who is an Old Acquaintance, and he is mendg fast. With best respects to Mrs Washington, I am, Dear sir Yr Affect. Hbl. servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0426", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 28 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lear, Tobias\n               It gave me very sincere pleasure to find by your letter of the 22d instt (which by the by did not come to my hands until the evening of the 26th; not time enough to acknowledge the receipt of it by the Post of next day) that you had arrived in good health at George Town with a valuable cargo of Goods, & that you had arranged your business to your satisfaction in England, Scotland and Holland. When you shall have arranged your business at George Town, & business or inclination may turn your face towards the Eastward, it will be unnecessary to add, that to see you, wd make this family happy; & with a little roughfing, on your part you could be accomodated therein.\n               If you have no accts later, I have the pleasure to tell you that by a letter from your good mother to Mrs Washington, that she, & little Lincoln were perfectly well on the 11th of this month\u2014and, by her account, that he continued to be the fine sprightly child you left him.\n               The enclosed, though out of season now, will serve to show that your letters did not sleep with me in silence.  It went by Mr Jay, and was returned by him with the following paragraph in a letter dated London 23d June.\n               \"On Sunday the 15th of this month I arrived here. The next day I made enquiries for Mr Lear, and was informed that he had gone to Liverpool to embark for America. I asked whether it was probable that letters sent by the Post would find him still there\u2014the answer was, that it was highly improbable. Under these circumstances, & well knowing the jealous attention now paid to letters passing through the post office, I thought it most advisable to forbear making the experiment, & to return that letter to you.\"\n               The copy of my letter to Mr Young, from whom I have received no acknowledgement, will be of no other use to you now, than to shew what were, and still are, my wishes; that if any enquiries after for back lands should be made in your presence, you might be enabled to bring mine into view. The plan with\n                  respect to my Mount Vernon Estate, I have no idea could be carried into effect in this Country.\n               I had it in contemplation to visit that place about the last of September, or beginning of October, but the rebellious conduct of the people in the Western counties of this State renders the journey uncertain\u2014& may defeat it altogether. With very great sincerety and Affection\u2014I am always yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0428", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 30 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Jay, John\n               Your letter of the 23d of June from London (and duplicate) have both been received; and your safe arrival after so short a passage, gave sincere pleasure, as well on private as on public account, to all your friends in this Country; & to none in a greater degree, I can venture to assure you, than it did to myself.\n               As you will receive letters from the Secretary of States Office giving an official account of the public occurrences as they have arisen, & progressed, it is unnecessary for me to re-touch any of them: & yet, I cannot restrain myself from making some\n                  observations on the most recent of them, the communication of which was received this morning, only; I mean the protest of the Govr of Upper Canada (delivered by Lieutt Sheaffe) against our occupying Lands far from any of the Posts which, long ago, they ought to have surrendered; and far within the known, & until now, the acknowledged limits of the United States.\n               On this irregular, & high handed proceeding of Mr Simcoe, which is no longer masked, I would rather hear what the Ministry of G. Britain will say, than pronounce my own sentimts thereon. But can that government or will it attempt, after this official act of one of their governors, to hold out ideas of friendly intentions towd the United States, & suffer such conduct to pass with impunity?\n               This may be considered as the most open & daring act of the British agents in America; though it is not the most hostile, or cruel; for there does not remain a doubt in the mind of any well informed person in this country (not shut against conviction that all the difficulties we encounter with the Indians; their hostilities\u2014the murders of helpless women & innocent children along our frontiers, results from the conduct of the Agents of Great Britain in this Country. In vain is it then for its Administration, in Britain, to disavow having given orders which will warrant such conduct, whilst their Agents go unpunished; whilst we have a thousand corroborating circumstances and indeed almost as many evidences (some of which cannot be brought forward); to prove that they are seducing from our alliances (endeavouring to remove them over the line) tribes that have hitherto been kept in peace & friendship with us, at a heavy expence, & who have no cause of complaint except pretended ones, of their creating; whilst they keep in a state of irritation the tribes who are hostile to us, & instigating those who know little of us, or we of them, to unite in the War against us; and whilst it is an undeniable fact that they are furnishing the whole with Arms, Ammunition, cloathing\u2014& even provisions, to carry on the War\u2014I might go further, & if they are not much belied\u2014add men also, in disguise. Can it be expected I ask, so long as these things are known in the United States\u2014or at least firmly believed, and suffered with impunity by G. Britain, that there ever will, or can be any cordiality between the two Countries. I answer NO!  and I will undertake, without the gift of prophecy, to predict, that it will be impossible to keep this Country in a state of amity with\n                  G. Britain long, if the Posts are not surrendered. A knowledge of these being my sentiments, would have little weight I am persuaded with the British Admn; nor perhaps with the Nation, in effecting the measure: but both may rest satisfied that if they want to be in Peace with this Country & to enjoy the benefits of its trade &c. this is the road to it.  withholding them, & the consequences we feel at present continuing, war <will be> inevitably.\n               This letter is written to you in extreme haste, whilst the Papers respecting this subject are copying at the Secretary of States Office, to go by Express to New York, for a Vessel which we have just heard Sails tomorrow: you will readily perceive therefore I had no time for digesting\u2014& as little for correcting it. I shall only add that you may be assured always of the sincere friendship & Affection of Your Obedient Hble Sert", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0429", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the Marquis of Lansdowne, 30 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lansdowne, the Marquis of\n                  Philadelphia Augt 30th 1794\n               I have had the pleasure of receiving your Lordship\u2019s letter introducing to me Mr Taillerand Perigord.\n               It is matter of no small regret to me that considerations of a public nature, which you will easily conjecture, have not hitherto permitted me to manifest towards that Gentleman the sense I entertain of his personal character and of your Lordship\u2019s recommendation. But I am informed that the reception he has met with, in general, has been such as to console him, as far as the state of society here will admit of it, for what he has relinquished in leaving Europe. Time must naturally be favourable to him every where, and may be expected to raise a man of his talents and merit above the temporary disadvantages, which in revolutions result from differences of political opinion.\n               It would be painful to me to anticipate that the misfortunes of Europe could be the cause of an Event, which on every personal account would give me the truest satisfaction\u2014the opportunity of welcoming you to a country, to the esteem of which you have so just a title, and of testifying to you more particularly the sentiments of respect and cordial regard with which I have the honor to be Your Lordship\u2019s Most Obedient servant.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0430", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 31 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lear, Tobias\n               On the 28th. I wrote you two letters. In one of them I intended (but forgot it) to have made a request that you would enquire after the lad that used to wait at Suter\u2019s (William I think his name was) whose servitude had expired, and if disengaged and his character good, as well as handy, to engage him for me at eight Dollars P. Month, (with the other allowances known to you) being what I am now obliged to give, to the most indifferent set of servants I ever had. When I mention William I do not mean to confine myself to him, although his qualifications as a waiter (the only light in which he has appeared to me) to be very good;\u2014any other genteel looking and well made man (not a giant or dwarf) might answer equally well perhaps, if sober, honest, good tempered, and acquainted with the duties of a house Servant, & footman.\n                  Sincerely & affectionatelyI remain Yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0431", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Robert Lewis, 31 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lewis, Robert\n               Your letter of the 19th Instt has been received, & I will answer such parts as require it.\n               The money in your hands, belonging to me, may be lodged in Alexandria, & made subject to Mr William Pearce (my manager) his order. This will answer all the purposes of your coming down, if he is advised thereof\u2014At the sametime write, & transmit me the accts, that I may see who have paid, and who are delinquents. Charge every thing due to yourself in the account; as I have an insuperable objection to after reckonings.\n               The ensuing Rents may be applied in purchasing in the Leases if to be accomplished on advantageous terms\u2014but do not deceive yourself as to the calculation of receiving 10 prCt on the money advanced. For illucidation, take this example\u2014suppose a tenement at \u00a35 pr annum is bought in for \u00a3100, & rented\n                  afterwards at \u00a310 pr Annum\u2014what prCt do I receive in this case?  not 10 prCt surely, but 5 prCt only; because \u00a35. would have been reciev\u2019d if no purchase had been made, and the \u00a3100 loaned to you, or any other person would produce the other \u00a35; of course I gain nothing by the purchase. This statement might, & probably had occurred to you, but to make the matter certain I thought it would be best to mention it.\n               If advantageous purchases can be made, & the Rents arising are inadequate, upon notice thereof I will fall upon some expedient to enlarge the fund. & the time of purchase may be extended to the days of grace allowed by the Leases, or the Replevy Bonds where given.\n               In all cases of Transfer under the authority of Mr Muse, request in my name, & behalf, a copy of the licence given by me, to him, for this purpose before you bring ejectments which you may not be able to support. The reason I require this is, because I cannot have recourse to my papers at Mount Vernon to furnish copies from thence.\n               I am very well satisfied with what you have done with my property in Winchester, Bath & on Potomac River but wish you had mentioned the terms on which you had offered the latter\u2014and whether there was no condition made with the tenant at Bath, that if I should want the house for my self, or a friend, during the Season of resort to the Waters, it was to be cleared & got in order for me, or for such friend, without hesitation or delay; without such reservation I might as well be without the house\u2014nor do I recollect (not having your letters by me) whether you have, in any of them mentioned in what condition they are. They cost me \u00a3150 cash to build them.\n               Give my love, in which Mrs Washington unites, to Mrs Lewis\u2014& be assured of the friendship & regard of Your Affectionate Uncle", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0432", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 31 August 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               In your last letter of the 24th instt came a copy of the conditions of Colo. Lyles Bond; but you did not give the date of it; which reason the purpose it was wanted for, cannot be accomplished until the date is transmitted.\n               In one of the early letters I wrote to you, I pointed out a method, which if you would observe, it would be impossible to omit any thing to which an answer was required: that is, when you are going to write, take up the letter, and in reading it, make a short note of every part as you come to it, on the back of a letter, a piece of waste paper, or Slate, to which a reply is necessary\u2014Having gone through the letter in this manner, you begin your own, and note after note, as the contents are inserted in your letter, is scratched out. By this means no part of a long letter can ever escape notice, by not carrying the whole in your memory, when you sit down to write, or by being called off while you are writing it.\n               You have not, in any of your letters, said any thing of what you had done, or was about to do, respecting the drilled Wheat & Barley. I would have you make the most you can of the first, and give the other another fair trial; for if it yields on my Estate in the proportion that Wheat does to Barley in this Country, the culture of the latter must be more profitable than that of the former. Whenever the sowing of any field is compleated, let it be noted in the Weekly report; with the quantity of Seed which has been given to it.\n               The usual practice on those who have been Siezed with the ague & fever, has been, after the third fit, or as soon as it intermits regularly, to give an emetic, which often carries it away without the Bark, or other application.\n               The land Mr Gunnel speaks of, lyes in Loudoun County, although it is within 18 or 20 miles of Alexandria\u2014But if the facts which he relates with respect to the Trespass thereon can be clearly proved, request Colo. Simms of Alexandria, or any other who practices in Loudoun Court, & is well recommended to you, to bring suit against them: for it is really shameful to be treated in the manner I am by people who take such liberties with my timber & wood during my absence\u2014under a supposition they may do it with impunity.\n               You may inform Mr Pierce Bailey that my selling, or not selling that tract, depends upon getting the terms of my asking, complied with. These are Fifteen hundred pounds (Virga currency)\u2014Five hundred of which to be paid down, and interest on the other two thirds until discharged\u2014the credit to be agreed on which may be 3, four, or more years; provided the land & a Bond is given as security for payment of the principal; and some unquestionable surety for the regular discharge of the interest on the day it becomes due. Mr Gill of Alexandria came up to my price, but we differed with respect to the Interest. There is about 300 acres of it, with two good Mill Seats on it\u2014one wholly mine, the other on difficult run which divides my Land from others. There is also a good deal of meadow land on the tract.\n               I have no objection to your putting up the Still which is at Mount Vernon, if any advantage from it can be derived under the tax, which is laid upon it; which Doctr Stuart & others, who have Stills, can give you better information than I am able to do.\n               What is the matter with young Boatswain?  who, to the best of my recollection has been on the Sick list many Weeks.  I wish you well and am Your friend &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0433", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 31 August 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n               I Receved your letter of 24th Instt, Mr Groves the person who I have imployed as overseer For Union farm, is a Maried Man & has four Children he Comes well recommended\u2014from Several others as well as the Mr Masons, and he is said to be Very attentive to his Business & Carefull of his stock If he should a[n]swear this description I shall not be Affraid but the business will be Carried on well, and from what I have seen of him I have a Very favourable opinion of him my self.\n               I have not heard any thing from Pine lately, the last I heard of him he had gone to the Federal City.\n               In my last letter I informed you That the people ware Sickly with the Ague & Fever.  they Continue to have it Very much yet and the young Gardener has had a sevear atack of the Nervous fever & for several days Doctor Craick had but little hopes of his Giting over it But he is now Gitting the better of it\u2014we have Lost the Girl Jinney at Dogue run she died Last Wednesday Evening in Labour she Could not be delivered of her child, Doctor Craick was sent for as soon as I had Notice of her Situation but altho he was with her 2 days and a night he Could not Deliver her we have a Tollarable prospect for turnips but they do not Answear my Expectation for The fly took the first sowing which has made them rather backward for a good full crop.\n               my youngest Daughter has had The Ague & fever but has got better and my Eldest is Likewise much better than she has been for some time past. but I fear her Complaint is such that it Cannot easily be removed so as for her to git intirely rid of it.\n               while the people keeps so Sickly I do not like to leave home, and as we shall Nea[r]ly be done seeding wheat by the Last of next week I must put it off till Then The money Is paid to\n                  Mr William hartshorn as you Derected.  I am Sir with Greatest Respect Your Humble Servt\n                  William Pearce\n                  P.S. Mr Butler desired me to request the favour of a recommendation from you Respecting his soberiety &c. & That he undersants the raisig Thorn hedges, he sais his Giting a good place depends on it. W.P.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0435", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 1 September 1794\nFrom: Lear, Tobias\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have this moment been made happy by the receipt of your acceptable & good letters of the 28th ultimo, with their enclosures.\n               The mail being on the point of closing will only allow me at this time to acknowledge the receipt of your favors, and express\n                  the grateful sense which I have of your continued kindness towards me. The offer which you have the goodness to make of appointing me one of the Commissioners is an additional mark of your friendship for me, as well as flattering to me in a high degree. I must beg a few days to consider of it, and by some indirect means inform myself of the special duties which may be incumbent on the Commissioners, after which I will have the honor to give a decided Answer.\n               My best respects await Mrs Washington & my warmest regards my young friends & Mr Dandridge With the highest respect & most sincere Attachment I am & always shall be My dear Sir Your grateful & affectionate Servan[t]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0436", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 2 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Treasury Department September 2. 1794.\n               The state of my health since you were pleased to refer to me the letter from Governor Mifflin of the 22 of August has been such as to delay the necessary previous examination in order to a reply\u2014and prevents now its being as full and particular as I had wished it to be.\n               I premise for greater clearness, that by official influence, I understand, that influence which is derived from Official Situation, whether exerted directly in the line of Office, or collaterally and indirectly in other ways.\n               It will readily be concurred, that a Spirit, like that which has been stated to have prevailed, would frequently discover itself in forms so plausibly disguised and with so much duplicity of aspect as not to be capable of being rendered palpable by precise specification and proof\u2014It appeared, for example, among other shapes, in observations on the exceptionable nature of the Laws tending to foment disatisfaction with them\u2014in recommendations of what has been called legal or constitutional opposition, in a disrespectful and disparaging demeanor towards the Officers charged with their execution, and in severe Strictures on\n                  what were denominated rigorous and irregular proceedings of those Officers, calculated to foster public contempt and hatred of them\u2014in ambiguous hints Susceptible of different interpretations, but easily applied by the passions of those to whom they were addressed to purposes of opposition.  To enter into an exhibition of these instances would require a long detail, an appeal to persons now within the discontented Scene whose apprehensions would restrain them from becoming voluntary witnesses\u2014and would after all be liable to specious controversy about their true import and nature.\n               I therefore confine myself to those instances of opposition and discountenance to the Laws by persons in Office, which are unequivocal.\n               Among those who composed the meeting noticed in my report to you of the 5th of August, referred to by the Governor in his Letter, which was holden on the 23 of August 1791, in the County of Washington were the following public Officers of Pennsylvania (Vizt) James Marshall Register and Recorder, David Bradford Deputy to the Attorney General of the State\u2014Henry Taylor and James Edgar Associate Judges, Thomas Crooks, William Parker, Eli Jenkins and Thomas Sedgwick Justices of the peace and Peter Kidd a Major of Militia.\n               Among those who composed the second meeting noticed in the same Report, which was holden on the second of September 1791, at Pittsburgh, were, besides James Marshall and David Bradford above mentioned\u2014the following public Officers of Pennsylvania (Viz.) Edward Cook and Nathaniel Braden Associate Judges, Nehemiah Stokely and Thomas Moreton, Colonels of Militia, the last a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, John Cannon and Albert Gallatin members of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, the former since a Justice of the peace.\n               Among those who composed the third meeting noticed in the same Report, and which was holden at Pittsburgh on the 21 of August 1792, were, besides John Cannon, David Bradford, Albert Gallatin, James Marshall, and Edward Cook, before mentioned, the following public Officers of Pennsylvania (Viz.) John Smilie, Member of the State Senate, Thomas Wilson and Samuel Giddes, Colonels of Militia, William Wallace, then Sheriff now Colonel of Militia, John Hamilton, Sheriff and Colonel of Militia, and Basil Bowel, Captain of Militia.\n               It may happen in some instances that the Offices annexed to particular names may not have been holden at the specified times of Meeting. But this cannot materially affect the consequence to be drawn, as well because it is believed that the instances which may have been omitted to be noticed are very few\u2014as because the conduct of the persons concerned has continued in a uniform Tenor of opposition.\n               The circumstance has been noted in the cases in which it was known to exist. These are of John Canon and William Wallace. It is understood, that the former was appointed by the Governor a Justice of the peace in May last. The time of the appointment of the latter as Colonel of Militia is not particularly known.\n               The evidence, to which immediate reference may be made, of the Agency of the forgoing persons at the meetings alluded to, may be found in the cotemporary public gazettes of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia which contained the proceedings at large of those meetings, with the names of the persons of whom they were respectively composed. The Govern<or> can be at no loss to obtain more legal evidence of the fact if he desire it\u2014and of the identity of the persons.\n               The following cases present other instances of opposition to the Laws by Officers of Pennsylvania. John Hamilton before mentio<ned> Sheriff of a County and Colonel of Militia, is affirmed by Jacob Forwo<od> and Robert Johnson Collector of the Revenue to have been one of a party who seized the said Johnson when travelling about his duty tarred and feathered him.\n               Caleb Mount then a Captain since a Major of Militia, stands charged before Isaac Meason and James Finley, Assistan<t> Judges, by information upon Oath of Benjamin Wells, Collector of the Revenue and his Wife, with being of a party that broke into the House of the Said Collector sometime in April, 1793.\n               Andrew Robb a Justice of the peace stands charged by information upon oath before Jacob Beason another Justice of the peace with having offered a reward of Ten pounds for killing the Excise man meaning as was understood, Wells the Collector. This fact is stated on the information of the said Collector.\n               James McFarlane, who commanded the Rioters in the second attack upon the House of the Inspector of the Revenue, on the 17th of July last was a Major of Militia.\n               David Hamilton, a Justice of the peace, was the person who\n                  previous to that attack went to the House with a summons to Surrender.\n               William Meetkirk, a Justice of the peace, Gabriel Blakney a Colonel of Militia and Absalom Beard, Inspector of Brigade, were three of four persons who went as a Committee from the Rioters assembled at Braddocks field on the  to demand of the Inhabitants of Pittsburgh the expulsion of Kirkpatrick, Brison and Day, as friends to the Laws.\n               Edward Cook, the Associate Judge already mentioned, was the Chairman of a Committee at the same place, which ordered the expulsion of John Gibson and Presly Neville for the same cause.\n               Satisfactory testimony of These several last mentioned facts can be had from Abraham Kirkpatrick and Presly Nevill now in this City and well known to the Governor.\n               The following cases are instances of conduct in Office denoting an unfriendly temper towards the Laws.\n               James Wells, a Justice of the peace and an Associate Judge, upon information of an assault committed upon John Webster Collector of the Revenue, in the execution of his duty in an attempt to Seize some Whiskey illegally distilled, told the Collector that he had never read so worthless a Law as the Revenue Law of Congress\u2014that he expected no person in the Country would have been rascal enough to take a Commission under it, that if the Whiskey had been seized he would have thrown it into the road, and he was sorry the person who made the Assault had not knocked down the Collector. No measures were taken to cause a redress for the Assault. This statement is made on the information of the said Webster.\n               Jacob Stewart and William Boyd Justices of the peace severally declined to issue process against Jacob Snyder a Distiller who was charged before them with having threatened another distiller named Stoffer with burning of his House or Some other injury, if he should enter his Still at an Office of Inspection This statement is made on the information of Benjamin Wells the Collector, who affirms to have received it from Stoffer.\n               Joseph Huston Sheriff of the County of Fayette stands indicted at a Circuit Court for having refused or declined the service of Warrants and Supp\u0153nas issued by Isaac Measan and James Finley Assistant Judges of that County in the case of the Riot\n                  which was committed at the House of a Collector of the Revenue in April 1793. This is the same with the instance mentioned in my Report.\n               The following is a case of peculiar and rather of a mixed complexion relating both to conduct in Office and conduct out of Office\u2014and including in it a specimen of that species of discountenance to the Laws which I have thought it most adviseable as a general rule to forbear entering into, but which being in this instance ascertainable by the acknowledgements of the party and by respectable testimony at hand, seems proper to form an exception to that rule, which may be useful, by way of example and illustration.\n               It is mentioned in my Report, that the Supervisor of the Revenue in September 1792 was sent into the refractory Counties among other things to collect evidence of the persons concerned in the Riot in Faulkners case. When at Pittsburgh, he applied by Letter to Alexander Addison President of the Court of Common pleas who resided at the Town of Washington to engage his assistance, in taking the Depositions of persons who were named to him by the Supervisor as able to testify concerning infractions of the Laws, and in causing some of the best informed Witnesses to attend a Circuit Court of the United States about to be holden at York Town.\n               The Judge not content with declining an agency in the business, in his answer to the application, digresses into a Censure on the Judiciary System of the United States which he represents \"as impracticable, unless it be intended to sacrifice to it the essential principles of the liberty of the Citizens and the Just authority of the State Courts\"\u2014and afterwards declares, that were it his duty to do what was requested of him (which however he states in a manner different from what the Supervisor seems to have intended) \"he should do it with reluctance, because he should be serving a cause which he thought unfavourable to liberty and the Just authority of the State Courts.\"\n               Without examining the sufficiency of the reasons, which led to declining the agency proposed to him\u2014without commenting upon the observations which seek to derive a part of the Justification for it from the resentment of the people against the Laws and the danger of losing their confidence by a compliance with what was desired of him; topics, the propriety of which in the\n                  mouth of a Magistrate might well be contested\u2014it cannot admit of a doubt, that there was a great unfitness in a Judge of Pennsylvania indulging himself with gratuitous invectives against the Judiciary System of the Government of the Union; pronouncing it to be impracticable, unfavourable to liberty and to the Just authority of the State Courts. It is difficult to perceive in such a digression the evidence of a temper cordial to the institutions and arrangements of the United States. The particulars of this affair have been long Since in possession of the Governor.\n               Judge Addison in a letter, an extract from which was lately transmitted by the Governor to you\u2014acknowledges in terms that he \"had endeavoured to inculcate constitutional resistance\" to the particular Laws in question.  Here is proof by his own confession that the weight of his influence was exerted against those Laws.\n               It is not easy to understand what is meant by the terms \"constitutional resistance\"\u2014The Theory of every constitution presupposes as a first principle that the Laws are to be obeyed. There can therefore be no such thing as a \"constitutional resistance\" to Laws constitutionally enacted.\n               The only sense, which I have been able to trace as that intended by these terms, and the equivalent ones \"legal resistance\" [\"]legal opposition\" which have been frequently used by the opposers of the Laws\u2014is that every thing should be practiced to defeat the execution of the Laws short of actual violence or breach of the peace; accordingly that endeavours should be used to prevent the accepting or holding Offices under them by making it matter of popular contempt and reproach to do so and by a humiliating and insulting treatment of those who should accept or hold those Offices that non compliances with the Laws by persons having Stills should be countenanced and promoted\u2014that means of intimidation, guarded so as to escape legal animadversion, should be superadded, to discourage compliances to obstruct the establishment of Offices of Inspection and to deter from attempts to coerce delinquents, in fine that every obstacle which was supposed not to amount to an indictable Offence should be thrown in the way of the Laws.\n               The conduct of Judge Addison in particular instances as it has been represented will perhaps afford no ill comment upon his expressions.\n               Benjamin Wells Collector declares that the said Judge then attending a session of a Circuit Court as President, at a public House, in the presence of Isaac Measan an Assistant Judge expressed himself, to him Wells in strong terms of disapprobation of the Laws laying duties on Spirits distilled within the United States, saying they were \"unjust and unequitable\u2014that the money to be raised was unnecessary and that there was no use for it\"\u2014and afterwards at the same place and during the same Session of the Circuit Court, sitting at dinner with a mixed company, spoke in terms of contempt of the Offices of the Inspector and Collectors of the Revenue, and of disrespect towards the Officers themselves. At the next term of the Court, Wells went to the same Tavern, but was informed by the Tavern keeper and his Wife that he could not be received there, assigning for reason that Judge Addison had declared that if they took him in again he would leave the House.\n               Mr Stokely a Member of the Pennsylvania Legislature for Washington States that Judge Addison wrote a letter or letters in opposition to his election to the Legislature, and among other objections to him mentioned his having applied for or having had an intention to obtain an Office in the Excise.\n               General Nevill Inspector of the Revenue mentions a circumstance of a light but of an unequivocal nature to evince the prejudices against the Revenue Officers which were manifested by Judge Addison even from the Bench. It seems that it was a practice not unfrequent for the Judges when sitting in Court to invite within the bar such persons who came into the Hall as they deemed of respectability. Judge Addison as General Neville affirms, repeatedly since the time of the meeting at Pittsburgh in August 1792\u2014has given such invitations openly from the Bench, to those who were supposed to be of that description within view, omitting a Similar call or invitation to that Officer though present. He adds that his own son Colonel Nevill Standing by his Side in conversation with him has been thus invited, while the like attention was withheld from him in a manner too marked to leave any doubt of the motive.\n               As the call of the Governor is for particular cases, I forbear to adduce confirmations of the prevailing Spirit of th<e> Officers alluded to from their extensive non compliance with the Law<s> in their capacity of distillers and from the neglect to bring to\n                  Justice offenders against them who were at the same time breakers of the Peace of Pennsylvania. I observe indeed on this point the Governor entertains a different impression from that which I have<;> but after the most diligent enquiry, I am not able to discover a Single case of the punishment of any such Offender. There were indeed indictments found against persons supposed to have been concerned in the violence upon the Maniac Wilson, and against others supposed to have been c<oncer>ned in an assault upon one John Corner, an old man who <had> been unknowingly the bearer of the Letters containing processesses which were sent by the Deputy Marshall as stated in my Report: but it is not understood that any of these were prosecuted to Judgment.  The only cases known of actual punishment are of persons concerned in forcibly carryi<ng> off certain Witnesses in the case of Wilson. But this was on a Collateral point; and the cases of indictment respected transactions where humanity had been too much outraged to leave an option and where even punishment might have been inflicted upon Ground distinct from that of suppressing opposition to the Laws. I can learn no instance of the conviction and punishment of any person for a violence committed upon Officers or private Citizens cl<early> on account of their agency under, or friendly disposition towards the Laws; which is the more remarkable as the Rioters in Faulkeners case are asserted to have passed in open day through the Town of Washington to have parleyed there with Inhabitants of the Town and to have been afterwards entertained at two or three Houses.\n               I have contented myself in the first instanc<e> with indicating particular cases and the sources of information without a formal exhibition of the evidence, because I could not fore see what cases in the view of the Governor would be proper for that an<im>adversion which he seems to contemplate; because considerable delay would have attended the collection of formal evidence in all the cases; and because in many of them the evidence is as accessible to the Governor as to myself: But I stand ready to afford the aid of this Department, in bringing forward testimony in any Cases in which the Governor may Specifically desire it. With the most perfect respect I have the honor to be Sir Your most obedient & humble servant\n                  Alexandr Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0438", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Lee , 3 September 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n               Altho I have had near two days to reflect on the purport of the letr received from the secretary of the treasury on the first instant, I confess I am not yet releived from the agitation of mind produced by that communication.\n               My greif for the necessity of pointing the bayonet against the hearts of our countrymen is equalled only by my conviction of the wisdom of your decision to compel immediate submission to the authority of the laws, & by my own apprehensions of my inadequacy to the trust you have been pleased to honor me with.\n               I never expected to see so strange a crisis, much less to be called to the command of an army, on the judicious direction of which may perhaps depend our national existence, but being ready to give my aid on the awful occasion I was willing to take any part in the measures you might think proper to order for quelling the insurrexion without regard to rank or station.\n               The honor you have fixed to my name by the late signal testimony of your approbation & confidence impress me with every feeling which the most affectionate gratitude can inspire.\n               I will bestow invariably the whole power of my mind & body to give the most propitious effect to your wishes\u2014If success attends my endeavours, I shall be happy indeed: if the reverse happens, I shall be truely miserable to the last hour of my life, because I shall attribute the public misfortunes which must ensue to my own incapacity, however strenuous & faithful may have been my efforts.\n               With these feelings you will readily anticipate the keen solicitude I must momently experience to prepare myself for the fulfilment of the dutys expected from me.\n               I cannot so certainly or so easily do this, as with you.\n               If then the appeal expected be inevitable (which I pray heaven may still avert) let me entreat you to call me to you at once.\n               A thousand things will occur relative to the army & its objects which I ought to understand in time & I ought also to make myself acquainted with the temper of the insurgents, the characters & views of their leaders & with the country in which the troops are to act. With most affec: attachmt & entire respect I have the honor to be your most ob. ser.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0439", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Ross, 3 September 1794\nFrom: Ross, James\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Pittsburgh 3d September 1794.\n               At the time I had the honour of receiving your letter of the 16th June, I also learned from the public papers that you had set\n                  out on a visit to Virginia I therefore deferred an Answer, untill your return to Philadelphia should be Announced\u2014before this happened the present tumults arose here which together with the interruption of the public Mail, and the general refusal of every one leaving this country to carry a letter, induced me to decline writing untill it should be certain that my letters would reach you. On my return home in the latter end of June I called upon Colo. Canon for the money due upon his Bond, he engaged to pay (without suit being commenced) on the first of September & I gave credit to his word\u2014On the 27th of August he paid me two hundred and sixty seven dollars which I transmit by Mr Bradford.  The residue he solemnly promises to discharge before I come down to the next session of Congress.  I have little doubt of collecting this ballance provided the present disturbances do not oblige me to leave this country before that time, & I am now persuaded that your money is better secured than if a Suit had been brought & no Judgment yet obtained. he seems sensible of the indulgence which I have shewn, & feels himself under the obligation of observing greater punctuality with me than with other people.\n               A Company was forming to purchase your lands in Washington County & would have agreed to give three & one third, or perhaps three & one half dollars per Acre, paying one fourth of the purchase money in hand & the residue in three equal Annual payments with interest payable Annually. This in my opinion would have been an offer worth your consideration, but the present state of affairs here has prevented these people from coming forward to me, & in all probability will defeat their association to purchase for the present. The farms which have been opened upon this tract are said to be in bad repair.\n               Mr Bradford delivered your letters of the 1st & 6th of august from which I find that Colo. Shreve in consequence of Mr Jacksons information made proposals for your lands in Fayette County\u2014About the time he wrote to you he came to me with a gentleman from New England & told me the same story of Mr Jackson. I assured him that there must have been a gross mistake & that he applied your Conversation about your Washington lands to those lying in Fayette & I fixed the price at six Dollars, since which I have not heard from them.  The Man from Cumberland mentioned in your letter of the 6th august called\n                  upon me a few days ago, he had viewed the lands & improvements in Fayette & was well pleased with them\u2014he did not think six Dollars per Acre a high price & agreed to make the first payment \u00a32000 Pennsylvania money, but would close no bargain untill he sees an end of the present insurrections, he promises to return & give me an Answer before the first of November if the country is quieted.\n               It is easy to see the effects which the insurrection must produce upon the real property & the credit of this Country\u2014I shall therefore if possible close the bargain for the Fayette lands & wait your Answer as to those in Washington, taking the liberty of assuring you that were that property mine I would under present circumstances cheerfully accept three & one third Dollars per Acre for it.\n               Colo. Griffin Green of Belle Pr\u00e9s on the Ohio river has some thoughts of purchasing the first tract of your lands lying below the mouth of the little Kanaway I have furnished him with a copy of the Platt that he may examine the lines & view exactly the situation & boundary of this tract, I shall have his Answer before I come down in November.\n               I have Understood from Colo. Canon that he is to settle all his Accounts for Arrearages of the rents he has Collected for you, with Charles Morgan & that he is preparing to do it Speedily.\n               The distressing state of things here will I am persuaded apologise for my delay in answering your letters & for my being unable to accomplish what would, in the ordinary course of public affairs, have been completely in my power & I beg you to be assured of the pleasure it will give me to contribute as far as in my power towards any arrangements of your property which you may wish to effect in this Country. I have the honour to be with the highest respect Sir your most Obedient humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0440", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Cowper , 4 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Cowper, John\n               Your letter of the 20th Ulto with another from Christopher Cowper, enclosing 450 Dols. in Bank Bills, came to my hands by tuesdays post.  The receipt of the latter is acknowledged in my letter to that Gentn, & will be placed to the credit of the bond to Mr Jno. Lewis of Fredericksburg & assigned by him to me.\n               This bond I shall return to Mr Lewis that it may be given to you upon a final settlement for the land; which I shall press him, in a letter I propose to write to him on monday next, to the execution of without delay; and that the nature of the disputes may be known to him, with all the circumstances attending them, must depend very much on your information, which I hope you will be so good as to afford him. I am &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0441", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 4 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secretary of the Treasury requests the favor of the President to send him the communications from the Governor, on which he not long since reported, containing imputations on the conduct of the officers of the U. States employed in the Western Counties.  They will be useful in forming the reply to his last letter, in which a considerable progress has been made.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0442", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 5 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Jay, John\n                  Philadelphia 5th Sepr 1794.\n               This encloses a copy of my last\u2014written, as you will readily perceive, with much haste; as one indication of it, I omitted the stamp of privacy; but you would not, I am well persuaded, consider it as official nor in any other light than as the private sentiments very hastily thrown together of Your Obedient and Affectionate", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0444", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 6 September 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               The secretary of state has the honor of informing the President of the United States, that the recommendation of Judge Peters in favor of a pardon for Thomas Norton corresponds with the opinion of Mr Rawle, the district-attorney; that his subject is to be considered now, howsoever it might have been represented at first, as no more than larceny; that his long imprisonment is of itself a severe punishment, that it is probable from the representation of Judge Peters, that he may continue many months longer in gaol, before he can have his third trial, he having had two already; and that upon the whole it seems adviseable to pardon him.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0445", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 6 September 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               E. Randolph has the honor of inclosing to the President Mr. G. Morris\u2019s private letter to him, of March 12 1794.\n               E.R. forgot to inform the President, that the copy of the letter, which was supposed to have got out of the office thro\u2019 perfidy, appears to have most probably passed some how or other from the office of the govr of New-York. For Mr Hammond sent a copy of it to Govr Clinton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0446", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Dobbs Spaight, 6 September 1794\nFrom: Spaight, Richard Dobbs\nTo: Washington, George\n                  North Carolina New Bern 6th sep: 1794\n               I have to acknowledge the receipt of the Secretary of the treasury\u2019s letter of the 18th August respecting the proscribed privateers who were to be denied asylum in the ports of the United States except upon condition of their being dismantled of their military equipments.\n               There have never been but two privateers of that description fitted in the ports of this state to wit the Vanqueur de Bastille\n                  and L\u2019amee Margueritte the former of these I did myself the honor to inform you in a former letter was dismantled and lay at one of the wharves at Wilmington the other has agreably to the instructions received from the secretary of War been restored to her former owners.  I do not know that any privateers of that description fitted out in other parts of the United States have been in any of the ports of this State as strict orders have been given to the commanding Officers in those counties in which the different ports lay to compel all such privateers to depart the port unless they deprive themselves of their military equipments, and I have received no accounts from them of the arival of any such vessel.\n               I shall make use of every exertion in my power to carry into complete effect the instructions contained in the Secretary\u2019s letter. I have the honor to be &c.\n                  Rd Dobbs Spaight", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0447", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Peter Trenor, 6 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Trenor, Peter\n                  Philadelphia Sepr 6th 1794.\n               Your letter of the 9th of May from Dublin, enclosing the duplicate of one written from Newry the 1st of October 1792, came safe to my hands a few days ago; but whether the original of the\n                  last, and the one referred to in it of the 28th of January 1790 ever were received, by me, is more than my memory can decide upon at this time\u2014I rather think they were not\u2014but if they were, it is more than probable I forwarded them to the Revd Mr Fairfax (the other Trustee of Mrs Savage &) the only person in her behalf who has had any agency in the matter you write upon, since the year 1775, at wch time I was called by the voice of my country into the walks of public life to the suspencion of those of a private nature.\n               It would seem by your letters, Sir, as if you conceived that the money due to the estate of Mrs Savage was either in my hands, & consequently at my disposal; or, that the Courts of Justice in this country were under my comptrol when you request directions may be issued by \n               me that a finish may be put to the business, and after certain deductions are made, according to enumeration, that the residue may be placed in the hands of Mr Pollock of New York.\n               With respect to the first of the<se> ideas I am sorry to inform you\u2014that the arts, & ingratitude of Doctr Savage during his life time\u2014the contentions respecting his Will, or Wills after his death\u2014the suspension of Judicial proceedings in the course of the War with G. Britain\u2014the delays of our Courts since that period\u2014the chicanery of the Lawyers who were employed by the defendants to procrastinate the suit & stave off Judgment\u2014and by throwing it into chancery after one had been obtained at Common Law have, hitherto, prevented any of the money due to & from the Estate of Mrs Savage from getting into the hands of her Trustees\u2014whilst they, or rather Mr Fairfax; without any fund except that of his private purse is prosecuting\u2014and it is to be feared to a fruitless issue\u2014this Suit; as the accounts are various and unfavorable respecting the property left by the Doctor, and forasmuch too as the heir of his Security (who is also dead) is attempting to prove the want of Assits to make good this demand.\n               I do not mean, however, that you should receive this account as accurate information\u2014for, as I have before observed, having had no agency in this business (except now & then paying Clerks & sheriffs fees) for near 20 years I only relate what I have casually heard at intervals from Mr Fairfax; with whom, in future, you will be pleased to corrispond on this subject as he is better\n                  able to give you the detail of the business than I am to sketch the outlines of it. Your last letter to me, and its enclosure, shall be forwarded to that Gentleman, who lives near Alexandria in Virginia.\n               With respect to your other idea\u2014viz.\u2014that I would direct an end to be put to this business, I beg you to be assured, Sir, that I have no more right to intermeddle in the Judicial proceedings of the Courts in this Country than you have\u2014but I can readily enter into the feelings of a person interested in the manner you represent yourself to be & therefore wish (if that would avail any thing) it was in the power of the Trustees to administer prompt & rigid justice to all who are interested in this matter. An affair which originated in an evil hour, by an injudicious and unhappy marriage, and will end, it is to be feared, in vexation and loss to all those who have had any concern in the affairs of the unfortunate Mrs Savage.\n               Before I conclude I must be permitted to add, that having no private papers with me of so old a date as my letter to you in Novr 1786, you must be better acquainted with the information therei<n> given than I can be from recollection\u2014But be it what it may, I am persuaded the view I had of the case at that time would warrant the details\u2014I am\u2014Sir, Your Very Hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0449", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 7 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               Your letter of the 31st ulto with the Reports, I have received.\n               A few days ago I received a letter from Mr Pyne dated in the\n                  City of Washington still expressing a desire to be employed at Mount Vernon, and a wish to be there some short time before Butler left it, that he might get a little insight into the nature of the business, previous to his entering upon duty.  I referred him for his being employed at all, & for the terms and time, to you, not chusing to enter into any agreement with him myself lest it might militate with any views of yours; desiring him to shew you the letter I wrote to him on this subject, that you might be acquainted with my ideas thereon.\n               Enclosed is a certificate for Mr Butler.  The latter part I suppose he wd have dispensed with; but in my opinion it is necessary that the whole truth on such occasions should be told; for I have no idea that with a view to serve one person it is justifiable to deceive another: and without that part, it might with propriety be asked why I parted with him. If his activity, spirit, & ability in the management of Negros were equal to his honesty, sobriety & industry there would not be the least occasion for a change.\n               It is not possible for me, at this distance, to say when the Carpenters & Negros on the respective farms will be most at leisure for removing the Negro quarters at Union, & River Farms; but if this work is not set about before the weather gets cool, it may be dangerous (as the daubing & filling in will be green, & not sun enough to dry them before winter) to put the Negros in them; and besides, after the ground gets soft & slippery, the trouble, and time necessary to accomplish the removal of the houses will be double. I have nothing further to add at present than to wish you & family well. Being Your friend &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0450", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Bryan Fairfax, 8 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Fairfax, Bryan\n               It is not my wish to add to the trouble which I am sorry has been thrown upon you (in a manner unavoidably) in the management of the Suit against the Representatives, or Security of the deceased Doctr Savage\u2014But when I am written to on this subject by those who are interested therein\u2014I feel the necessity of making some response lest Silence should receive an unfavorable interpretation.\n               On this ground I give you the trouble of perusing the enclosed letter from a Mr Peter Trenor\u2014and my answer; after which, let me pray you to put a wafer in the latter, & cause it to be forwarded agreeably to the superscription by the first good conveyance that may present itself to your view.\n               Who Mr Trenor is I know not. Nor have I any recollection of what he says I wrote to him on the 15th of Novr 1786 (having no papers of that date by me, at this <pla>ce to recur to)\u2014I have some imper<fect re>membrance, it is true, of an applica<tion> that was made to me by a person in <Virgi>nia about the period he mentions with which I was not favorably impressed\u2014but why I was not so, or whether it came from this person, I am unable to inform you with the least precision\u2014nor is it of much moment as the authenticity and regularity of the papers he alludes to must decide his pretensions.\n               With best respects to Mrs Fairfax, and with very sincere esteem & regard for yourself I remain\u2014Dear Sir Your most Affecte & Obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0451", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Lewis, 8 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lewis, John\n               The enclosures of letters from me to Mr John Cowper, and from him to me, &ca occasioned by his Bond to you, assigned to me; will shew you that it was not until tuesday last that I received any part of the contents of the Said Bond; & his reason for not discharging the whole of it.\n               To hold the bond any longer, under these circumstances, would be nugatory; as he means, I perceive, to pay <illegible> of it until a final settlement for the land, takes place; and for a variety of reasons this settlement cannot be adjusted with me; amongst others, because I am unacquainted with the agreement you entered into, but principally, if I was, my situation and public duties would render it impracti<cable> for me to attend to the business.\n               I therefore return the Bond to you, that whatever may be due thereon at the final settlement, may be received and carried to the credit of our joint concern. In the mean while, that conce<rn> will have credit for Two hundred & tw<elve> pounds six shillings & five pence half pa<ymt> received Octr the 6th 1792. and One hundred and forty pounds recd from Mr Cowper <the> fourth instant.\n               Mr Cowper, as you will perceive, is very desirous of having this mat<ter> set<tled;> nor ought it to be less desirable on our account: for delay will work more against us, than him. Let me besee<ch> you therefore to take prompt and <ef>ficatious measures to bring the bus<iness> to an end. One or two claims, of wch I never had any knowledge or eve<n> suspicion, have already appeared; and oth<ers> may start up, if the matter lyes open any longer.\n               I am perfectly Satisfied that we ought not to lose anything on account of any claim set up s<ince> the purchase of old Marmaduke Norfleet, & not known at the time of <this> purchase; at least that the heirs <to> that Gentleman are liable for all <disco>veries; but whatever you shall do <af>ter a full investigation, advice, and consideration, with respect to such claim or claims, I will abide by.\n               So soon as you shall have brought this business to a close, be so good as to transmit a state of it to me. I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Obedt Hble Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0452", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Stokely, 8 September 1794\nFrom: Stokely, John\nTo: Washington, George\n               Confident of the many ingenious pens, and Multitude of business that daily throng your Excellencies attention. Tis simply as a child at the tacit desire of my Incidental suffering bretheren, for a moment I implore your Paternal observation, Trusting that necessary truths, without Eloquence will in their turn be heard. Your Excellency is characteris\u2019d the proprietor, of the Most valuable Tracts of land on ohio, between the Mouth of Little Kanhawa (my residence) and Great Sandy as well as some of the best above\u2014Its most certain that, the common inroads of our enimy is directly thro those Excelent Lands. wherefore we the more Confidentially claim your Particular attention, Pity it is that those firtile tracts should be used as a highway for Barbarians, whom with Impunity occupy them as Such; while experience shows us, that a triveal encuragment to adventurers, would Spedily enlink\n                  a chain of Settlements from wheeling to Kentuckey. would this not be constituting a cheap, and perminent barier, against Indian incursions on the northwest of virginia.  There have been Sundry attempts (and I believe none vain) to Establish Small Settlements on ohios margens, betwen the above recited waters and where the Lands were Equally Exposed with these old grants, by trifling donations out of Lands, the titles of which are so doubtful, as to render a purchase on Moderate Terms more Eligible, where like these old Grants they be Indisputable, Time and Experience teaches us, that the Indians will not cross that great river in the face of a Settlement but admiting they would there are much more vigilence in the man whos family, & property, with his own person security be at Stake, than in a Soldier who generally consults his Personal safety alone, These are things remote, and may appear trivilous and unworthy of attention amongst the great objects of your observance; or may have Escaped your Benefaction, mearly for lack of a Solicitation from that Harrased frontier. Howbeit, tis an unfeign\u2019d fact that, that frontier conceives itself much aggrieved because these Valuable lands are uncultivated, and actually serve as an asylum for savage murderers. Would not the cultor of that almost unparralled soil in all probabelity tend to invigorate a feeble frontier, contribute to the public weal and rapidly encreas the growing worth of them Same Lands, I feel the more anxious to see this work going on, as it would tend to tranquillize the virginia frontiers, on the most allarming occasion; and Serve to consolodate their Patriotic Affections in their Present blended commotions\u2014to me it appear [from] appoligies of Some of the Land holders in that quarter (which I will Lay before you if Required, & which I confess corroberate with my Ideas on this Subject) that your Perposials Should be, the Basis of this business, as a begining under your Excellences name, would be most cogent, both on account of Character & possessions I am induced with the more ardor to hope for the Interposition of your Philanthropy, Since Tis probable that a delay of this good work, will be accompanied with Loss of lives and property and an Exageration of other Perplexities Incidental to our enfebled & peculier Situation.\n               I am Authorisd to Say, that your Excellencies terms for Selling or renting them Lands which may induce the cultor thereof; will be an acquisition truly worthy of the thanks, and will meet the\n                  Strictest attention of my neighbours & self\u2014as I shall take my departure from this City for L. Kanhawa shortly to wit on wedensday or thursday ensuing should Gladly (Previously) Possess myself of your Ideas respecting the Premises. I am Your Excellencies Obt Servt\n                  N.B. The within Subscriber this night Lodges at the sign of the King of Prusia in German Town.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0453", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Anonymous, 9 September 1794\nFrom: Anonymous\nTo: Washington, George\n               The fear of this not reaching your hands induced the form of the superscription.  The motive of my assuming the liberty to address you, is from my often having read with the utmost concern that several of the back settlers have been scalped &C. by the savage Indians; and of the very ineffectual means taken to prevent a repetition of their barbarities by the Small force sent against them, which they are able not only to cope with but often to overthrow. I\u2019ve read that the whole of the North American Indians do not exceed sixty thousand; therefore, if a few hints of an individual of no importance may be of weight to merit any attention, they are as follows.\n               On the least repetition of their inroads to declare war against them, and instead of sending a small force against them as usual, to send out a sufficient force from every one of the states, at the\n                  same time, to push directly westward, and to destroy all their dwellings and plantations. If they take shelter in the woods, to set them on fire (by tarring the bodies of the trees) to drive them from thence. Such as are taken in arms, to keep them to labour during their days; but them who are taken without arms, and all who submit on proclamation, to disperse them in the several states, and to assign them labour to defray their maintenance. To put all boys under 14 years of age to the different trades necessary to form communities, particularly to agriculture, rearing of cattle and gardening; and the girls to sewing. After the country is sufficiently cleared by burning the woods, to lay it out in farms of about 40 acres each (or whatever quantity you judge proper) in order to afford them to make subdivisions to their children; and then to give each American Indian One of them free for ever, with tools of agriculture, and a stock of provisions till they acquire a crop. To lay out cities at distances of 20 or 30 Miles from each other in different directions, to which them who learned trades should repair, and to establish a magistracy of themselves and Justices in each. And for security to erect a small fortification in each city\u2014with a few troops. To give a gratuity in land and a premium in money to every one of European American blood who married a woman of Indian American blood; and alike to every woman of Europn American blood who married a man of Indian American blood. To erect schools at the expence of the states to teach their children English, reading writing & Arithmetic. By this means, in a few years, all will understand the American British language; whereas without this institution they may remain for several centuries (like many thousands now in Ireland) without a general knowledge thereof. Some of the ingenuous youths of each tribe should be educated in the Colledges, with strict orders, at the same time, to retain the knowledge of their mother tongues by conversing together therein. And when they finish their studies, to erect at the expence of the States places of worship in each city, and to place pastors in them with a liturgy in their mother tongues of the several tribes. When the young growth thro\u2019 means of schools, as aforesaid, attained the knowledge of the American British language, they may have the liturgy alternately each sabbath in each language till by a general knowledge of the American British language, together with the influx among\n                  them of members of the States, they require no longer any other liturgy than the American British. The pastors should for some time be supported by the states, till on a general conversion, and an erection of Colleges among themselves they elect their own clergy and support them by voluntary contribution according to the circumstances of the parishoners. By the aforesaid means you\u2019ll have subjects instead of enemies and extend your dominion to the pacific Ocean. The country can be divided into States, elect their representatives and be governed like the other states. Not to mention the mighty advantage to be gained hereby, what a charity and source of blessings, in time, to Millions of our fellow creatures. You should build a fleet sufficient to destroy the Piratical States of Barbary. A sufficient number of seamen can always be obtained by the following means: Boatswains have a command over the Seamen on board the Navy and in all large Merchantmen. Their appointment, besides being good Seamen, arises from their knowledge in rigging which is entrusted to their care. Therefore to acquire a supply of Seamen, rigging Yards at the public expence should be set up in all the Seaport towns, and them who offer themselves, besides all charity boys should be placed in them for two years to be instructed in rigging & during this time they could learn to hand and reef sails by having masts fixed\u2014in the Yards, with yards across them, and sails. There should be as many Convenient Vessels built as would be necessary to supply a sufficient number of Seamen, and on board these Vessels (having a few experienced Seamen in each) they should be sent for three Years, during which they would learn to Steer, heave the lead, work the Vessels, and all the Necessary motions in tacking, wearing, &c. &c. &c. The meaning of every motion, at the time of their performance, should be mechanically explained to them. They should get the manner of executing said motions by heart\u2014And such as shewed the greatest proficiency and quickness of parts should be taught Navigation. To fit them foreign voyages they should be fed alternately, each week, with fresh, and with Salt provisions. To help to defray the expence of this institution, several of the Vessels ought to be employed in the fishing trade; & others in the coasting trade; and a preference of freight always given them by the merchants. By this means numbers of as good Seamen as any in the world will be obtained; by which the expedient of Pressing (which is\n                  allied to slavery, and a disgrace to a free State) will be totally removed. All boys at school should learn the Manual exercise; and all able to bear arms, who pay taxes, should be registered as a Militia; and as many as are necessary to aid the civil power, should be drawn by lot to serve & for 6 or 8 years, half to go out every 3 or 4 Years, and be supplied as before & Each man ought to have no less than a shilling (clear) a day. The officers should always remain (unless they chose to resign) and promotions take place only by seniority; for example\u2014On the death of an officer, the next to him should succeed, and so on, in the several degrees, till a private by the election of his comrades is promoted to be a corporal. And alike form should take place on board the Navy, on the death of a Captain, Lieutenant, Master mate &C., the next in rank should Succeed in the several gradations, till the seamen elected, one of their own number, to be a boatswains Mate. By this means experienced commanders both by Sea and land will be obtained, and the devil of pride lessened amongst the disciples of the humble Jesus. In the aforesaid\u2014The executive power, in case of war, to appoint the most approved of the Captains to be admirals and commodores; and the most approved of the Colonels to be generals &C. (Laws should be founded on justice, reason and utility, without regarding the precedents of any other nation. They ought to be simplified and reduced to as small a compass as possible, as the late king of prussia did for his subjects.  All acts relating to one or the same head, should be reduced to one Act. As it is the duty of every state to render justice to its members, the state should pay a certain Number of Lawyers and attorneys to be applied to without fees; and the last person should be amerced or fined in a certain sum to his state, to defray this expence, according to a regulation to be settled for that purpose. Every man, if he pleases, should plead his own cause, and have the assistance of Lawyers if he chooses. Whatever Lawyers or Attorneys do not exert themselves to the best of their ability in what they are employed about, or take any fees, should be discharged from the public Service, disgraced and banished from the Settlement. Patriotic societies should be formed of Wealthy persons who should subscribe to a fund for acquiring the arts and manufactures of all Nations; and the state contribute liberally thereto. For this purpose ingenious children (at the recommendation of their school masters) should\n                  be sent into every state in Europe, whose arts and manufactures they wanted to acquire. I say children, to be sent, and boarded and schooled in the several countries aforesaid by which they would acquire the knowledge and facility of expression in the several languages equal to their Natives. And when they arrived to 14 years of age, to give fees and bind them apprentices. And after they served their times and arrived in America to give the Capitols to follow their several arts and manufactures To build water mills for grinding Cutlery; Silk mills of every kind from the most Complicated to the most simple, steam engines &c. and in <force> every engine, machin and mechanism known in Europe, accompanied with its arts & manufactures. By this means the knowledge of more Arts and Manufactures may be acquired in a few years, than perhaps otherwise in some centuries. Some physicians and Surgeons ought to be paid by the state for the poor to apply to for their advice and assistance, and medicines should be found them\u2014The wealthy without issue (and some that have issue and great wealth) should leave legacies for certain uses, particularly to encourage population. Suppose one out of his time to a handy craft business, who could swear he was not master of \u00a36\u2014to give such persons on their marriage (not to exceed 21 years) the sum of \u00a36\u2014to buy working tools and other necessaries. To have public schools in which the children of the poor should be schooled; and they should be supplied with clothes. Where the poor have more children than they can maintain they should not only be free from every tax, but have a weekly allowance from the parish, if there\u2019s no fund by legacies of the wealthy for that purpose. The memory of them who have funds for public charity should be honoured by public monuments; as should likewise such as bring the knowledge of any art or manufacture to their country by their own endeavours and expence. The barbarous spirit of fashions should be totally excluded; and every improvement in dress adopted. Nature shd be copied in her simplicity, and will always be found the surest guide (as in gardening, Parks &C.) to procure the most amiable appearance. But fashions are not governed from the least motive of any improvement in dress\u2014No\u2014but from a barbarous spirit of whimsical novelty, for the purpose of displaying their pride and despising such as can\u2019t afford the expence of a like whimsical appearance. It is virtue and public spirit that ought to\n                  distinguish the glamorous Sons and daughters of liberty and especially the wealthy. Fashions are of a most fatal effect; they corrupt the morals of a people and make Mammon the ruling deity of such persons, who in his service would sacrifice religion, conscience, and love of their Country\u2014Fashions are only suited to a whimsical, unsteady, fickle, magotty headed and vile growling Souls, who in time are accompanied with scared hearts, and ripe for divine justice and destruction. Such persons should beware lest the scourge of God should be already lifted up against them. In charity to such wretches, in order to save them from destruction, they should be despised and held in contempt by all moral people until they quit their base and diabolical Spirit. I call it a diabolical spirit for pride is the devils Net in which he catches his prey. The ancient Greeks and Romans were utter stranger<s to> fashions or change in the form of their dress; the wealthy were distinguis<hed mutilated> by the richness or <fin>ess of their garb; & the same takes place now all over the <mutilated> & spirit of novelty by constantly varying the form of dress originated <mutilated> barbarians, who (astonished at the Roman Magnificence; and <mutilated> barbarous spirit they exercised it in a constant change in the form of dress to appear of consequence to their slaves.)  Christ gives humility <mutilated> love of brethren as the characteristic of being his disciples; but of all rec<mutilated> profess in the world Christians are the proudest; therefore whose discip<les> are the proud\u2014Christ\u2019s or Lucifers?  It\u2019s asserted that a set of young no<ble>men with the assistance of their Valets de chambre, consult how to inv<mutilated> the most ridiculous whims in the change or form of dress, to laugh, as <mutilated> say, at the puppy citizens who eagerly adopt them: and that thei<r> Sisters, with the help of their waiting maids, act from a like motive, <mutilated> laugh, as they say, at the ridiculous city Hussies who eagerly adopt them. It\u2019s a plea that fashions promote trade; but the benefit is too dear bought, by the destruction of the morals of the people\u2014Surely the wealthy may better answer the purpose by giving their cloths to their servants, as often as they now do from fashions; and the sale of them by servants would help several poor to get a cheap rate cloths suited to them. As for numbers in cities applied to triffles, for the purpose of fashions, it would be of more service to the state that they were employed in agriculture. All foundlings should be children of the state\n                  subject for their maintenance (after learning trades and the manual exercise) to be sent to colonize for 7 Years, at the end of which the land given them, at their entrance, should be theirs for ever; but No sale thereof should be valid for 40 Years afterwards to induce them and their children to remain there. I implore The Almighty to pour his choicest Blessings on you, and remain with the greatest Respect and Esteem, Great Sir Your very Sincere Well wisher", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0454", "content": "Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 9 September 1794\nFrom: Clinton, George\nTo: Washington, George\n                  New York 9th September 1794\n               I transmit, enclosed, certain Documents relative to some recent Seizures made by a Bermudian Privateer\u2014It is well ascertained that there was no circumstance attending either of the three Vessels now referred to, which could excite a suspicion that either the Owners or Mariners had been guilty of the slightest departure from even British Constructions of the Rights and duties of neutrality.\n               The Minds of our Citizens had not yet recovered from the irritations produced by similar Outrages practiced by the same Nation, especially during the Course of the last Winter: A repitition of them at this Moment and in the Mouths of our own Harbours diminishes the hope of recompense for past injuries, discourages commercial enterprize and excites emotions alarming to public peace. The forbearance of our Citizens under the\n                  most aggravated insults is founded on their confidence in the Government of the Union; and though the spirit of forbearance may not be yet wholly exhausted yet that confidence is weakened and may be destroyed by the constant view of rapine on their unprotected Trade, and of aggression and insult in every Quarter.\n               It is remote from my Intention and it would surpass my ability as well as my duty to attempt to indicate to you the measures proper to be pursued on this occasion, and my relyance in common with my fellow Citizens on your patriotism and your zeal for their honor and interest assures me that it can only be necessary that their losses and their feelings be made known to you.\n               I now also enclose a Copy of the Affidavit of John Kelly this Day handed to me by Colo. Woolsey of Clinton County stating certain Facts interesting to our Northern Frontier.  I have the honor to be with the most perfect Respect and Esteem Your Obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0455", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Alexander, 10 September 1794\nFrom: Alexander, William\nTo: Washington, George\n               Encouraged by my friends, I take up my Pen to ask you for the appointment, of Naval Officer, for the District of Baltimore; which if conferred on me, I flatter myself, it will be executed with the Stricktest propriety.  As Offices, flow through the channel of Favor, when candidates, are equally qualified to execute them\u2014permit me, Sir, in that case, to offer an argument in my favor?  that there is no man in the Community, who has a higher sense of your Virtues, & eminent Services, to your Country than myself\u2014I have declared it, in my most reflecting moments, that was it possible, to be so ordained, for you to suffer an innocent death, that I would at any moment die for you, as I thought you worthy of dying for, in this assertion, I beleive, no man who hear\u2019d\n                  me, & knew my character, doubted my veracity\u2014I this moment appeal to the Searcher of all hearts, if I made the declaration, with a view of its ever assailing your Ears, or with any interested motive whatever, & if I know myself, it did not spring from self-conceit. Had I deemed it necessary, I could have obtained certificates, favorable to my character, from many of the first characters in & around Baltimore, I being well known to them, & some of them my connexions\u2014Should, further particulars relative to my character, be necessary, than are contained in the enclosed Certificates, I take the liberty of referring, the President, to Chief Justice McKean, John Barclay Esqr., or Mr John B. Bordley.\n               If Mr Delosier should be appointed, Naval Officer, the Appointment of Surveyor would be equally acceptable\u2014If Nathaniel Ramsey Esqr. should get the Appointment, the office of Marshall would be equally so.  Tho I have solicited either of the Appointments, your granting or refusing it, can make no alteration, in the manner you stand engravened on my heart. I have the honor to be, Sir, yr mo. Obedient & humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0458", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Elizabeth Willing Powel, 11 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Powel, Elizabeth Willing\n               The President\u2019s best respects and thanks to Mrs Powell, for the perusal of the Pamphlets herewith, accompany their return.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0459", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 11 September 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               I do myself the honor of inclosing to you the opinion of the secretary of the treasury, upon the request of Mr Jaudenes for a military guard.  I wait your pleasure; and take the liberty of mentioning, that it will be convenient to know your decision, in time for the mail of this morning.\n               The executive magistrates of Europe would in all probability, (since it would cost so little,) feel no great difficulty in ordering their troops forth for any purpose, which should be agreeable to them at the moment. But the President of the U.S. would encounter these animadversions. 1. The suspension of the movement of the troops to their ultimate destination for the present object would not appear to be founded upon satisfactory grounds; since we have no evidence of the cause of apprehension, except the declaration of the commissioner, who proceeds upon the alarms instilled into him by others, without letting the government into the nature and authenticity of the proof. 2. It will establish a precedent for employing regular troops for other\n                  purposes, than those for which they were raised. 3. It will be interpreted, as if an attempt was countenanced by the President, to throw the odium of assassination upon the French nation, by a step of such eclat, and notoriety. I have the honor sir to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0460", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Gordon, 12 September 1794\nFrom: Gordon, William\nTo: Washington, George\n               Judging there is an advantage from knowing the particular tempers of those, with whom we have to transcrit business of the first consequence, I have taken up my pen to acquaint your Excellency with the following matters. I had an intimate friend, who was settled, as a minister, with an English Presbyterian church in Rotterdam; & who was acquainted with a teaching tutor of a prince of Wales, under special obligations to him for copies of letters to be transcribed, & then put into the hands of the pupil, for furnishing the latter with suitable materials to be forwarded to his sovereign upon special occasions. My friend annually visited Ipswich in Suffolk where I resided. In free conversation he related the above circumstances, mentioned the tutor\u2019s name, & his particular employ; & further added, that being in familiar chat with the tutor, he asked him, what sort of a person his pupil was, & had for answer\u2014He has good common abilities, & if he falls into good hands the nation will be very happy with him; but if otherwise, the Lord have mercy upon you, for he is as obstinate as any mule. Corresponding with Americans before I crossed the Atlantic, I communicated this anecdote to the late governor Bowdoin, long before I left G. Britain. Of this same person, I have been assured, that the present Sir John Temple was told by the noted Ld Chatham\u2014when the American war was the subject of conversation\u2014It is not Ld North\u2019s war; it is not Ld Mansfield\u2019s war; it is not Ld Bute\u2019s war; it is the man\u2019s own war, I have seen him in the council & I have seen him in the cabinet.  The events of that war have been a sore mortification to him, & the person, under whose care he was when ill, told an acquaintance of mine in the neighbourhood, that he apprehended his disorder was owing greatly to it. Dr W. lives rather more than thirty miles from hence to the northward; & in passing backward & forward goes within about a mile of me.  Have lately heard in a way that gains my credit, that the same individual delights in war: notwithstanding, I am well assured, that he is a personal coward. I doubt not, but that an American war, could it be commenced with safety & prove successful, according to his wishes, would not be disgusting to him. But it will probably be avoided, if possible, while the French continue to bear down all before them, as nothing would be more\n                  unpopular. However, cowardice is often attended with low cunning & artful chicanery; & I should not wonder if negotiation is prolonged, instead of satisfactions being given, in hopes that a turn of affairs in Europe, may admit of prosecuting the dispute by avowed war, & thereby affording the opportunity of gratifying revenge. Should war ever commence, you must be upon your guard against some of the English among you, who are friends to royalty, & enemies to the federal government. My information upon this head cannot be doubted. It was obtained in free conversation from a young gentleman in my neighbourhood, who reprobated the conduct of his countrymen; & who told me, that when dining at New York in company with twenty or thirty of them, they discovered the temper I have now mentioned, & while they toasted the king, they refused toasting your Excellency. I should not have mentioned this, but to shew how much they ought to be watched in case of a rupture. The greatness of your own mind, will lead you to pass by the affront as below your attention. My informer was Mr Maitland, a large youth of twenty, whom you will possibly remember as having been introduced to you, after coming from the West Indies, & being advised by you, what rout to take for seeing the country while upon his travels; & with whom you sat down, & conversed in the most familiar way, upon the sofa after another gentleman had left it, when paying a complimentary visit to your Lady.\n               The weight of business you have had upon your hands, & the misbehaviour of some turbulent fiery spirits, will not, I trust, dishearten you from prosecuting steadily the real interests of the United States, nor tempt you to quit your post. You are spared, it is to be hoped, to ward off those evils, with which the country has been, & may be still threatened; & to give a firmer establishment to the liberties & prosperity of it.\n               You was raised up by the Lord of Hosts to be an instrument of saving the United States from slavery. I most sincerely wish, that the same Omnipotent Power may have commissioned Kosciusko to deliver the Poles from under slavery. If he & his co-adjutors can but weather the present year, I shall scarc[e] doubt of his succeeding in his glorious attempt. May the divine Blessing attend you in private & public life, living & dying!  Mrs Gordon joins in most cordial regards to Self & Lady. Your Excellency\u2019s most sincere & affectionate friend & humble servant\n                  William Gordon\n                  Sepr 15. The papers of saturday contain such information, as gives me hopes that Providence favors the Polish Revolution.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0463", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 13 September 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Washington, George\n               Dear SirLondon 13 Septr 1794\n               My Letter to Mr Randolph which accompanies this, contains very full and accurate Information respecting our negociations\n                  here.  You will perceive that many points are under Consideration, and that alterations will probably yet take place in several articles. altho it is uncertain, yet it is not altogether improbable that Lord Grenville and myself may agree on Terms which in my opinion should not be rejected. In that Case I shall be strongly induced to conclude, rather than by Delays, risque a change of views and measures or ministers, which unforeseen circumstances might occasion.\n               The Secretaries Letter by Mr Munro, and the Speech of the latter to the Convention, are printed; and have caused a disagreable Sensation in the public mind here, and probably in that of the Government. The one written by you is spoken of as being within the Limits of diplomatic Forms.\n               Gentlemen, whether in or out of Office, are doubtless free in their personal affections or Predilections for Persons or nations\u2014but as the Situation of the united States is neutral, so also should be their Language to the belligerent Powers\u2014neither can it be proper to adopt any mode of pleasing one Party, that would naturally be offensive to the other; and more particularly at a Time, when with that \n               other, a Negociation for Peace, Commerce and Friendship, is pending. To be fair upright & prudent is to be politic; and of the Truth of this Maxim, your character, and very singular Degree of Respectability weight and Reputation, afford the strongest Proo[f].\n               I learn that Virginia is escheating british Property, and I hear of other occurrences, that I regret.  but they shall not abate my Perseverance in endeavouring to preserve Peace, and bring the negociation to such a Conclusion as will either ensure peace with this Country, or produce union among ourselves in prosecuting War against it. Whatever may be the Issue I am determined not to lose the only Satisfaction that I can be sure of\u2014vizt the Satisfaction resulting from a Conciousness of having done my Duty.\n               That attempts will be made in america to frustrate this negociation, I have not the most distant Shadow of a Doubt. I brought that Belief and opinion with me; and my Dependence then was, and still is, on the Wisdom Firmness and Integrity of the Government\u2014on the general good Sense of our People, and on those enlightened and virtuous Characters among them, who regard the Peace Honor and Welfare of their Country as primary objects. These men regret the Differences which subsist between\n                  this Country and their own; and sincerely desire to see mutual animosities give way to mutual good will\u2014as to a political Connection with any Country I hope it will never be judged necessary; for I very much doubt whether it would ultimately be found useful\u2014on the contrary it would in my opinion introduce foreign Influence which I consider as the worst of political Plagues. with the best wishes for your Health & Happiness and with perfect Respect Esteem & Attachmt I am Dear Sir your most obedt & obliged servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0464", "content": "Title: Alexander Hamilton to Daniel Morgan, 13 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Morgan, Daniel\n                  War Department September 13th 1794\n               I am instructed by the President to express to You his wish that every practicable exertion may be made to accelerate the assembling of the Militia at their appointed places of Rendezvous, Winchester and the Vicinity of old Fort Pleasant Alias Moorefield. you are probably informed that a junction of the Virginia and Maryland Troops at Fort Cumberland has been contemplated.\n               You are at liberty to hasten to that Point all such as may be ready, and which you Judge it adviseable should move that way\u2014but if you think that those who are to assemble at Moorefield, had better proceed by a Route different from that of Fort Cumberland, they may continue at Moorefield till further instruction. With consideration & esteem I am Sir, Your obedient Servant\n                  <A. Hamilton>On behalf of the Secy at War\n                  P.S. It will be well to have runners sent into the Insurgent Counties to ascertain what they are about the degree of unanimity & probable strength. Col. Carrington will furnish the means.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0465", "content": "Title: From George Washington to James Ross, 13 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Ross, James\n               By Mr Bradford, I was favored with your letter of the 3d Instt from Pittsburgh; together with Two hundred and Sixty seven dollars on account of Colo. Cannons Bond; for which, and the train you have placed the residue of it, in, I pray you to accept my best thanks.\n               I am ready, and willing, to dispose of my lands in Fayette County at the price, & on the terms conditionally offered by the man from Cumberland County, whensoever he, or any other is disposed to close the matter, agreably thereto. and I would dispose of my other tract in Washington County on the conditions mentioned in your letter of the third, by Mr Bradford. I do not, for reasons which will readily occur to you\u2014repeat these\u2014but a recurrence to, or recollection of the purport of that letter, will inform you what they are. I will only add on this head, that I am more sollicitous that interest on the unpaid sums shou\u2019d be secured with punctuality, and without trouble, when due, than I am for the shortness of the credit which is to be allowed; especially if lengthening the credit would enhance the price.\n               The state of matters in the Western counties of this Commonwealth fill me with the deepest regret, but I shall not trouble you with more than this general expression of it. Circumstanced as things have been in them, for sometime, a letter on business of a private nature, & of immaterial consequence, was not to be expected; nor would the postponement of one, until a more tranquil scene, have surprized, or excited the least impatience in me. With great esteem & regard I am Sir Your Obedt & oblig\u2019d Hble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0466", "content": "Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 14 Sept. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Clinton, George\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from George Clinton, 14 Sept. 1794. Edmund Randolph wrote Clinton on 17 Sept.: \"In acknowledging your Excellency\u2019s\n               letter of the 14th instant, to the President of the United States, I am only expressing surprize at the delay in the passage of my letters. . . . The President thanks you for the information from Ontario County; but he had received the substance of it thro\u2019 another channel\" (DNA: RG 59, Domestic Letters).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0467", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Elizabeth Parke Custis, 14 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Custis, Elizabeth Parke\n               Shall I, in answer to your letter of the 7th instant say\u2014when you are as near the Pinnacle of happiness as your sister Patcy conceives herself to be; or when your candour shines more conspicuously than it does in that letter, that I will then, comply with the request you have made, for my Picture?\n               NO\u2014I will grant it without either: for if the latter was to be a preliminary, it would be sometime I apprehend before that Picture would be found pendant at your breast; it not being within the bounds of probability that the contemplation of an inanimate thing, whatever might be the reflections arising from the possession of it, can be the only wish of your heart.\n               Respect may place it among the desirable objects of it, but there are emotions of a softer kind, to wch the heart of a girl turned of eighteen, is susceptible, that must have generated much warmer ideas, although the fruition of them may, apparently, be more distant than those of your sister\u2019s.\n               Having (by way of a hint) delivered a sentiment to Patty, which may be useful to her (if it be remembered after the change that is contemplated, is consummated) I will suggest another, more applicable to yourself.\n               Do not then in your contemplation of the marriage state, look for perfect felicity before you consent to wed. Nor conceive, from the fine tales the Poets & lovers of old have told us, of the transports of mutual love, that heaven has taken its abode on earth; Nor do not deceive yourself in supposing, that the only mean by which these are to be obtained, is to drink deep of the cup, & revel in an ocean of love. Love is a mighty pretty thing; but like all other delicious things, it is cloying; and when the first transports of the passion begins to subside, which it assuredly will do, and yield\u2014oftentimes too late\u2014to more sober reflections, it serves to evince, that love is too dainty a food to live upon alone,\n                  and ought not to be considered farther, than as a necessary ingredient for that matrimonial happiness which results from a combination of causes; none of which are of greater importance, than that the object on whom it is placed, should possess good sense\u2014good dispositions\u2014and the means of supporting you in the way you have been brought up. Such qualifications cannot fail to attract (after marriage) your esteem & regard, into wch or into disgust, sooner or later, love naturally resolves itself; and who at the sametime, has a claim to the respect, & esteem of the circle he moves in. Without these, whatever may be your first impressions of the man, they will end in disappointment; for be assured, and experience will convince you, that there is no truth more certain, than that all our enjoyments fall short of our expectations; and to none does it apply with more force, than to the gratification of the passions. You may believe me to be always, & sincerely Your affectionate", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0468", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 14 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n               I am well satisfied that the omission of the date of Colo. Lyle\u2019s bond was accident, & not design\u2014& for that reason suggested a mode, by the observance of which, no information that is required will ever be omitted. When is that Gentleman, by promise, to discharge this bond?\n               I think you were quite right in sowing the early (or drilled) wheat at different seasons, with a view to discover the best season for it. But have you been told, or do you know, that the drilled Wheat at Union farm was of two kinds\u2014one of them double headed. Unless Crow kept them asunder, the next growth from these seeds will be a curious hotch potch.\n               I am sorry to hear of the heavy rains you have had, on many accounts; but on none more than throwing you backward in the Mill swamps, & the hard and unfit condition it will put them grounds for the reception of the grass seeds, even if it should not have gullied & washed the soil off, in places. I know too,\n                  that besides stopping your ploughs on Acct of the wetness of the land, that such rains are apt to gully the fields already sown with Wheat; and to render those which have not received the Seed in a much worse condition for this purpose; but as these are the effects of Providential dispensations, resignation is our duty. I am persuaded you will render the disadvantage as light as possible, & that is all I can expect. Under these circumstances I hope the season has not urged you to sow faster than the ground was in order; for I know no practice worse than ploughing & sowing when it is too wet.\n               Drains in all the fields that require it (& none requires it more than No. 6 at Dogue Run) if those heavy rains had not come, ought to be made before the winter wets set in; as, for want of these, & notwithstanding I am continually inculcating this doctrine upon my Overseers, I have much Wheat drowned every year.\n               I am sorry to hear that you, among others, have the Ague & fever. It has, from what I hear, been uncommonly rife this year; occasioned it is presumed, by the wetness of the Summer. An emetic, after it becomes regular, as I mentioned in one of my former letters, & care, generally removes it.\n               The actual spitting of young Boatswain should be carefully investigated, & medical aid administered if it be real; which, from the temper of the boys mother, & her desire of keeping him with her as a waiter, may well be questioned. Under pretence once before, of a hurt by a Cart she kept him three months (if I recollect rightly) in the house with her, until he was forced out; & this may be the case again.\n               Whilst some deny, other affirm, that the yellow fever is in Baltimore\u2014I shall decide nothing on this head myself, and only mention the matter, that if that should be your rout to the Eastern Shore, whensoever you may go, that you may be on your guard. I am Your friend &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0470", "content": "Title: To George Washington from David Stuart, 14 September 1794\nFrom: Stuart, David\nTo: Washington, George\n               Your Brother John A: Washington in the year 1786 gave me his bond for \u00a3998.12.6 which was due from his Brother Samuel\u2019s estate to that of Mr Custis, in order that he might favor his brother\u2019s estate\u2014Mr B: Washington paid me the interest due on it, to the year 1791; but has since declined it, observing that I must bring suit against him, when he should take out an execution on the judgement he had against his Uncles estate, which however he knew would be still very distressing to that estate, as his sons had but lately undertaken the management of it and had no doubt had their difficulties to encounter in the outset\u2014It being my duty to do something in the business, I have thought it proper, previously thereto, to inform you of the above circumstances; and beg leave to mention, that if it is your desire still to have it in your power to indulge the estate longer, it may be done by your taking that bond amounting at present with the interest to about \u00a31150, in discharge of so much due you from the estate of Mr Custis\u2014If this is not agreeable to you, I have the pleasure to inform you, that I have a thousand pounds lodged in the Bank of Alexa. which shall either be paid to Mr Pierce or transmitted to Philadelphia, as you may direct.\n               If you are not yet provided with a third character for Commissioner, I take the liberty in consequence of your request, of proposing Coll William Lyles of Broadcreek; and regret much he did not occur to me at the time you were making enquiries on the subject.  He is not only a man of great industry activity, &\n                  probity, but has very considerable experience of the prices of materials, and in the management of workmen. He is besides a man of good temper with great decision, disinterested in property in the City, and tho\u2019 perfectly unconnected with all parties, much respected by them. Whether he will serve or not, I cannot say, as he is possessed of very handsome property, and is very attentive to it. With the greatest respect I am Dr Sir Your affecte Serv:", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0472", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Frances Bassett Washington, 17 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, Frances Bassett\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Dear and honord Sir\n                  Alexandria [Va.] September 17th 94\n               I have had the happiness to hear by my Aunts last letters, that you have entirely recoverd the indisposition you were afflicted with, while at Mount Vernon, & also that the cancerous appearance on your face is very much releived; none, I assure you can be more sincere in their congratulations on this subject than myself\u2014The weather has been so very seasonable in this part of the country, that I beleive it is now left without doubt, the crops of corn will far exceed what are generally made here, mine, considering the few hands I have looks very promising, but unless I provide some better place to secure it, than the farm now affords, I shall run the risque of having it exposed to all the injuries of\n                  the weather; I have therefore my dear Sir thought it best to ask your permission to have a corn-house put up immediately, my Overseer who is a pretty good workman will undertake to do it, with the assistance of my two Carpenters\u2014he says the farm will supply the necessary timber, except the boards for the roof, & I informd him I woud request you to be so kind as to let them be taken from the river plantation\u2014The cheif object of my settling myself in this place (the tuition of my Children) is not as yet accomplishd entirely to my wish, I have chosen for them the school which is preferd by most of my acquaintanc<es> in town, but I think it much too crowded for children so young as mine, & it is an evil complaind of among all the schools here, a few months however will shew, whether they receiv<e> the wish\u2019d for advantage\u2014poor Fayette has been extremely sick for ten days, his fever has now left him, but his strength & spirits are not yet recruited\u2014my children desire me to present their love to you, & I beg you to accept my dear Sir, the warmest wishes for your health & happiness of your gratefully affectionate\n                  Frances Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0473", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Robert Wellford, 18 September 1794\nFrom: Wellford, Robert\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Fredericksg Virga Sepr 18th 1794.\n               Robert Wellford of Fredericksburg in Virga would feel himself criminated of ingratitude by his own heart, were he in any instance whatever, to neglect his most sincere acknowledgments & thanks to General Washington, for his truly friendly attention to his feelings, at the time He condescended to introduce R.W: to the notice, and friendship of Col: Feilding Lewis, Mr Fitzhugh of Chatham, & other respectable characters.\n               The President of the United States at his last visit in Fredg having intimated to R.W., a further disposition to Countenance him, if any future occasion should offer. R.W: now begs leave to observe, that it has fallen to his lot to be drawn forth in support of Government, & as he wishes to deserve its protection, goes from this Town to the place of Rendezvous with the Cavalry commanded by Capt: Geo: Lewis, as surgeon.\n               Robt Wellford sincerely hopes that the Author of all Good will avert every necessity of requiring any, the least aid from Men of his profession in this expedition: but if the President should esteem it proper to make any arrangement of a Medical department, in case of a different issue, and should imagine R.W.\u2019s professional merits worthy his notice, he will point out to the Commander in chief on this service, in what manner his talents may be best exerted for the relief of the unfortunate, & such as they may be, they will in consequence be fully exerted.\n               Robt Wellford can never forget a most respectfull regard for the President, nor can he relinquish but with memory itself his gratitude for those introductory Let[ter]s which settled him in Life, & from which has resulted a practice in surgery & Medicine which now enables him to support an amiable Wife, two lovely daughters & the <means> of edu<ca>ting Six Sons, every one of whic<h he> hopes <at> a future day, will prove them<selves> valuable members of the United States.\n               Resources & consequences like these have arisen from General Washington, & Robt Wellford has only to desire the President of the United States to be assured that he shall ever entertain the most lively sense of the Obligations already conferred upon him.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0475", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 19 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               Upon full reflection, I entertain an opinion, that it is adviseable for me on public ground, considering the connexion between the immediate ostensible cause of the insurrection in the western Country & my Department, to go out upon the expedition against the insurgents. In a Government like ours, it cannot but have a good effect for the person, who is understood to be the adviser or proposer of a measure, which involves danger to his fellow Citizens, to partake in that danger: while not to do it might have a bad effect. I therefore request your permission for the purpose.\n               My intention would be not to leave this till about the close of the month, so as to reach one of the columns at its ultimate point of rendezvous. In the mean time I take it for granted General Knox will arrive & the arrangements which will be made, will leave the Treasury Department in a situation to suffer no embarrassment by my absence, which if it be thought necessary, may terminate about or shortly after the meeting of Congress. With perfect respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0476", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Rowley, 19 September 1794\nFrom: Rowley, William\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Saville row London. 19 Septr 1794\n               Permit me to present to your Excellency a copy of my works, as a small tribute of respect.  I am Sir, with best wishes your most obedient humble servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0477", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Gamble, 20 September 1794\nFrom: Gamble, James\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Western Teritory 20th Septr 1794\n               Mr Ephraim Kimberly Obtained a resolution of Congress Last session in his favour Granting him Three hundred Acres of Land West of Ohio river being the Amount of his Military Warrent\u2014the Said Kimberley has made a Survey Of the Same & as I am informed sends the plat forward in Order to Obtain a patant which Survey is made\u2014much to the Injury of myself & others as I had Erected a Mill on the Lower side of Short Creek & said Kimberleys Land is on the Uper side the Mouth of sd Creek as your Honour will See by the plat the Shape of which will Shew for it Self being all Bottom & Little or no hill Land the Most South westward corner of said Survey is Where it takes in my Mill.\n               Although I have no Legal Claim to the Land yet I flattered my self one Day or other to be Able to procure it from the person Who might get it but If said Kimberleys Survey is Establis<hed> As it now is run I shall not be Able to procure it I hope you Excellency will Consider my Case & restrict the sd Kimberly to Some reasonable Bounds as to his Survey I am your Humble Sert", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0479", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 21 Sept. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 21 Sept. 1794. On 28 Sept., GW wrote Pearce: \"I have received your letter of the 21st instt, and the Reports of the preceeding week.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0480", "content": "Title: From George Washington to David Stuart, 21 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Stuart, David\n               Your letter of the 14th instt has been duly received.\n               As it was, and is, my earnest wish to discharge my obligation\n                  to Mr Lund Washington, and all other debts; it will prove inconvenient to me to apply the money which you have lodged in the Bank of Alexandria, for my use, to the purpose of paying the debt due from my brother Samuel\u2019s estate to that of Mr Custis\u2019; yet I cannot, whilst there are means at my command, see the estate of the former arrested from his representatives, and suffer them to be involved in difficulty\u2014perhaps in distress & not apply them in prevention.\n               The estate of my Brother Samuel being involved, and left under wretched management, has already proved a heavy tax upon me. Land which I sold twenty odd years ago to Colo. Philp Pendleton falling into his hands, and he thereby becoming paymaster to me, has (as I never intended, under the view I had of his affairs, to ask payment) sunk me more than \u00a3800\u2014For the board\u2014education\u2014and other expences of his two sons I am in a further advance for it, upwards of \u00a31000 more, besides the support of his daughter Harriot, since she was given over to me by Mrs Fendall, without receiving a single sous towards it.\n               For the past I expected no return, but it will be hard (especially as I thought my advances, except for Harriot, were at an end) to launch out a thousand pounds more with as little prospect of a re-fund as for that which has gone before it. Yet, and for the reason I have mentioned, I shall not suffer the remains of the estate to be sold without lending my aid to prevent it. I must therefore leave the thousand pounds in the Bank of Alexandria which you say is appropriated for my use, to your own disposal.\n               But it is my wish, and desire, that the process against that estate may not be arrested short of its coming to actual Sale, at which point I would stop it; without the least intimation of my intention previous thereto, to do so; for the following reasons\u20141st because George & Lawrence Washington do not appear to me to be sufficiently impressed with the incumbrances on their estate; 2d, because both of them seem to entertain too high an opinion of the value of the property they are possessed; 3d, under this mistaken idea, or from proneness to show, they are not, nor will not be restrained from endulgencies, until they either feel, or have a nearer view of the necessity, for imposing those restraints; 4th because they are not sensible, I believe, of the inconveniency to me of the advances I have made for their accomodation; and 5th, because the estate may (unknown to me) have made some\n                  provision to meet this demand\u2014at least in part; & might slacken its exertions, or divert its funds, if another source is contemplated, through which the debt is to be discharged. If all, or any of these things can be effected by concealing my intention, until the period abovementioned, it may be serviceable to all, and injurious to none.\n               You will have found that Doctr Thornton\u2019s Commission, bears equal date with your letter, of course was too late for the purpose mentioned in the latter.  With great esteem & regard I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Affecte Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0481", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Augustine Washington, 21 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Washington, William Augustine\n               Compassion for a helpless woman and a number of small children, was the principal inducement to my retaining in service another year, the same man who has overlooked my Carpenters a number of years back\u2014and consequently was the cause why I did not employ the person (whose name I have forgot) and his two negro Carpenters & white apprentice whom you recommended to me, last fall, as a Superintendant of this business.\n               The incorrigibility of the person I now have, or lately had (for I believe he is gone) is such, as to be no longer tolerated; necessity therefore compells me to seek for another.\n               This letter then is addressed to you for the purpose of enquiring if the man mentioned by you to me last fall could now be had?  Whether he would come on the terms he then proposed?  If not, whether on any other terms?  and what?  Singly, or with his workmen?  and when he would be able to repair to Mount Vernon?\n               To save time, I would thank you for writing by Post to Alexandria, to Mr William Pearce, my present Manager at Mount Vernon, solving the above queries; who will, immediately upon the receipt thereof, inform you decisively whether he will employ him upon the terms he may propose\u2014if materially changed from the former. If they are not altered, or but immaterially so, & you still retain a good opinion of the man and his hands (if he chuses to bring them) I wd in that case pray you to engage him at once, and on my behalf enter into the written agreement, or one similar thereto, which I sent you last fall.  His being married would be no objection\u2014as there is a house three or four hundred yards from the mansion, that would accomodate him\u2014and the people he brings very well.\n               My best wishes, in which Mrs Washington unites, attend you and family and with much truth I am Yours Affectionately", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0483", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Hamburg Burgomasters and Senate, 22 September 1794\nFrom: Hamburg Burgomasters and Senate\nTo: Washington, George\n               The increase of the Trade and Navigation of our City to and with the United States of America chiefly promoted since some years by Mr John Ross of Philadelphia and your Excellency\u2019s condescendent offer made in the Commission granted last year to Mr John Parish Our Citizen as Consul of the United States for this Port to accept of any proper person in the same quality that should be recommended, by us to your Excellency in the like manner, have moved us to appoint the said Mr John Ross Consul general of Hamburgh for the United States of America and to grant him Letters Patent thereof.\n               We recommend therefore this our Consul General to your Excellency\u2019s kind reception and at the same time us and our City to the continuance of your affectious favour wishing, the mercantile Connexions between the Illustrious Republic of America so highly esteemed by us, and our good City undoubtedly tending to mutual advantage may in course of such nomination be still more countenanced and augmented.\n               We are happy in embracing this opportunity to shew to one of the first and most eminent Statesmen and Heroes of our Age the greatness of the Devotion, we bear to Him and with which, we remain unalterably Your Excellency\u2019s most humble and most devoted\n                  The Burgomasters and Senateof the free Imperial City of Hamburgh.Given under the Seal of our City the 22d Dayof September 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0484", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 22 September 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Washington, George\n               22 Sept. 1794. Introduces \"Monsr De la Rochefoucauld de Liancourt, who was President of the national assembly and a Duke and Peer of France.\"", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0485", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Samuel Smith, 22 September 1794\nFrom: Smith, Samuel\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Post of Marshall for the District of Maryland having become Vacant by the removal of Colonel Ramsay, I am solicited by the Friends of Mr Jacob Graybell (that Gentleman having marched against the Insurgents) to entreat your Excellency in his behalf. The Connections of Mr Graybell are very respectable & numerous\u2014he has been employed by Coln. Ramsay as Deputy Marshall\u2014In which Office from his residence being in Baltimore he has been under the necessity of doing nearly the whole Business & it is with Pleasure that I inform your Excely that his conduct has met with general Approbation. Permit me to add that the Office cannot be bestowed on any more Capable or more Worthy than Mr Graybell\u2014I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Most obedt Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0486", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Lewis Nicolas, 23 September 1794\nFrom: Nicolas, Lewis\nTo: Washington, George\n               Casually going into a painter\u2019s shop yesterday I there saw some Tent Poles which I was told were for your Excels. use, I did not particularly examine them, but they appeared to me to be in the usual mode, in which the Standards in the middle have always been complained of as great inconveniences, tho without seeking any remedy, that I know of, on account of its occasioning an augmentation of weight; an evil avoided as much as possible in an army; but as that consideration has no place in the present case, I beg leave to submit the inclosed scheme to your consideration.  Do me the justice to believe me with great respect Your Excels. Most obedt Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0487", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 23 September 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n               E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that the word, which he has observed to be omitted, was not omitted designedly, but in the hurry of copying; and would have struck E.R. upon a reperusal of the draft. It is certainly a word, which is very direct, and as probably as direct as can be with propriety, under the circumstances, to which the President has alluded. In this view, a doubt is entertained as to the insertion of the word \"legal\" before \"bodies.\"\n               E. Randolph has the honor of inclosing a rough sketch of the substance of the instructions.  But finding from a conversation with Mr Bradford yesterday, that he wishes the formation of them to be postponed, until Mr Ross shall come, and being himself impressed with the same idea in the progress of the paper now inclosed, E.R. takes the liberty of suggesting to the President, that it may be better to let the subject rest, until the day after to morrow.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0488", "content": "Title: From the Commissioners Sent to Western Pennsylvania, 24 September 1794\nFrom: \nTo: Washington, George\n               The Commissioners, appointed to confer with the Citizens in the Western Counties of Pennsylvania, in order to induce them\n                  to submit peaceably to the laws, and to prevent the necessity of using coercion to inforce their execution, respectfully report to the President of the United States:\n               That, in pursuance of their instructions, they repaired to the Western Counties; and, on their arrival there, found, that the spirit of disaffection had pervaded other parts of the fourth survey of Pennsylvania, besides those counties, declared to be in a state of insurrection: that all the offices of inspection established therein had lately been violently suppressed: and that a meeting of persons, chosen by most of the townships, was assembled at Parkinson\u2019s ferry, for the purpose of taking into consideration the situation of the Western Country. This Assembly, composed of citizens coming from every part of the fourth survey, would have furnished a favourable opportunity, for a conference and mutual explanation: but as they met in the open fields, and were exposed to the impressions of a number of rash and violent men (some of them armed) who surrounded them, an immediate communication with the whole body would have been inconvenient and hazardous. The meeting was probably of that opinion also; for soon after the appointment of Commissioners was announced to them, they resolved, that, a committee to consist of three persons from each county should be appointed to meet any commissioners, that might have been, or might be, appointed by the Government, and that they should report the result of their conference to the standing committee, which was to be composed of one person from each township. As soon as this Committee of conference were nominated, they agreed to meet at Pittsburgh on the 20th of the same month.\n               The underwritten accordingly repaired to that place, and were soon after joined by the Honorable Thomas McKean and William Irvine Esquires, who had been appointed Commissioners on the part of the Executive of Pennsylvania. A full and free communication was immediately had with those Gentlemen as to the powers delegated, and the measures proper to be pursued at the expected conference.\n               On the day appointed, a sub-committee of the Conferees waited on the Commissioners, and arranged with them the time, place, and manner of conference. It was agreed, that it should be had the next morning, at the house of John McMasters, in Pittsburgh, and should be private.\n               On the 21st, all the Commissioners met the Conferees, at the place appointed. Of the latter there were present; John Kirkpatrick, George Smith, and John Powers, from Westmoreland County; David Bradford, James Marshall, and James Edgar from Washington County; Edward Cook, Albert Gallatin, and James Lang from Fayette County; Thomas Morton, John Lucas, H. H. Brackenridge from Alleghany county; together with William McKinley, William Sutherland and Robert Stephenson, who were inhabitants of Ohio county, in Virginia.\n               The conference was begun by the underwritten, who expressed the concern they felt at the events, which had occasioned that meeting; but declared their intention to avoid any unnecessary observations upon them, since it was their business to endeavour to compose the disturbances, which prevailed, and to restore the authority of the laws, by measures wholly of a conciliatory nature.\n               It was then stated, that the formal resistance, which had lately been given to the laws of the United States, violated the great principle, on which republican government is founded; that every such government must, at all hazards, enforce obedience to the general will; and that so long as they admitted themselves to be a part of the nation, it was manifestly absurd to oppose the national authority.\n               The underwritten then proceeded to state the obligations, which lay on the President of the United States to cause the laws to be executed; the measures he had taken for that purpose; his desire to avoid the necessity of coercion; and the general nature of the powers he had vested in them; and finally, requested to know; whether the conferees could give any assurances of a disposition in the people to submit to the laws, or would recommend such submission to them?\n               The Commissioners, on the part of the State of Pennsylvania, then addressed the Conferees, on the subject of the late disturbances, in that country; forcibly represented the mischevous consequences of such conduct; explained the nature of their mission; and declared, they were ready to promise in behalf of the Executive authority of the state a full pardon and indemnity, for all that was past, on condition of an entire submission to the laws.\n               On the part of the Conferees, a narrative was given of those\n                  causes of discontent and uneasiness, which very generally prevailed in the minds of the people, in the western counties, and which had discovered themselves in the late transactions. Many of these, they said, had long existed and some of them from the settlement of that country. Among other causes of discontent, they complained of the decisions of the State Courts, which discountenanced improvement titles, and gave the preference to paper titles; of the war which had so long vexed the frontiers\u2014& of the manner in which that war had been conducted.  They complained, that they had been continually harrassed by militia duty, in being called out by the State Government, to repel incursions &c.; that the general government had been inattentive to the execution of the treaty of peace, respecting the western posts, and remiss in asserting the claim to the navigation of the Missisippi; that the acts for raising a revenue on distilled spirits were unequal and oppressive, in consequence of their local circumstances; that Congress had neglected their remonstrances and petitions; and that there was great hardship in being summoned to answer for penalties in the courts of the United States at a distance from the vicinage. They also mentioned the suspension of the settlement at Presqu\u2019 isle; the engrossing of large quantities of land in the State by individuals; the killing of certain persons at General Neville\u2019s house; and the sending of Soldiers from the Garrison at Pittsburgh, to defend his house\u2014as causes of irritation among the people. To these they added the appointment of General Neville, as inspector of the survey, whose former popularity had made his acceptance of that office particularly offensive.\n               They said, they were perswaded, that the persons, who were the actors in the late disturbances, had not originally intended to have gone so far, as they had gone; but were led to it from the obstinacy of those, who refused to do what was demanded of them; that the forcible opposition, which had been made to the law, was owing to the pressure of the grievance; but, if, there was any prospect of redress, no people would be more ready to show themselves good citizens.\n               The Commissioners expressed their surprize at the extent of these complaints, and intimated, that if all these matters were really causes of uneasiness and dissatisfaction, in the minds of the people, it would be impossible for any government to satisfy\n                  them. But as some of these complaints were of a nature more serious than others, though they could not speak officially, they stated what was generally understood as to the conduct, measures, and expectations of government, respecting the Missisippi Navigation\u2014the treaty of peace\u2014the suspension of the settlement at Presqu\u2019 isle & that as to the acts of Congress which had been forcibly opposed, if it were proper they should be repealed, Congress alone could do it; but that while they were laws, they must be carried into execution; that the petitions of the Western counties had not been neglected; nor their interests overlooked; that in fact the local interests of those counties were better represented than those of any other part of the State; they having no less than three gentlemen in the house of Representatives, when it appeared by the Census, that their numbers would not entitle them to two; that the acts in question had been often under the consideration of Congress; that they had always been supported by a considerable majority, in which they would find the names of several gentlemen, considered, in those counties, as the firmest friends of their country; that although the general interests of the Union did not admit of a repeal, modifications had been made in the law, and some favourable alterations, in consequence of their representations; and, that, at the last session, the State Courts had been vested with a jurisdiction over offences against those acts, which would enable the President to remove one of their principal complaints; that the convenience of the people had been and would always be consulted by the government; and the conferees were desired to say, if there was any thing in the power of the executive, that yet remained to be done to make the execution of the acts convenient and agreeable to the people.\n               One of the conferrees then enquired, whether the President could not suspend the execution of the excise acts, until the meeting of Congress; but he was interrupted by others, who declared, that they considered such a measure as impracticable. The Commissioners expressed the same opinion; and the conversation then became more particular, respecting the powers the Commissioners possessed; the propriety and necessity of the Conferees expressing their sense, upon the proposals to be made, and of their calling the standing committee together, before the 1st September. But as it was agreed, that the\n                  propositions and answers should be reduced to writing, the result is contained in the documents annexed, and it appears unnecessary to detail the conference further.\n               The underwritten accordingly presented to the conferees a letter, of which a copy, marked No. 1. is annexed: and the following day they received an answer from them, in which they declare; that, \"they are satisfied, that the Executive had in its proposals gone as far, as could be expected; that in their opinion, it was the interest of the Country to accede to the law; and that they would endeavour to conciliate not only the Committee, to whom they were to report, but the public mind in general, to their sense of the subject.\"  A copy of this letter also is annexed No. 2.\n               The underwritten then proceeded to state in writing what assurances of submission would be deemed full and satisfactory, and to detail more particularly the engagements they had power to make. This detail was submitted to the inspection of a sub-committee of the conferees, who candidly suggested such alterations as appeared to them necessary to render the proposals acceptable. From a desire to accommodate, most of the alterations, suggested by those gentlemen, were adopted; and though some of them were rejected, the reasons given appeared to be satisfactory, and no further objections remained. A copy of this detail is marked No. 3.\n               The Conferees, on the following day, explicitly approved of the detail thus settled, engaged to recommend the proposals to the people, and added, that however it might be received, they were perswaded nothing more could be done by the Commissioners, or them, to bring the business to an accomodation. No. 4. is a copy of their letter.\n               So far as this letter respects the gentlemen from Ohio county, in Virginia, a reply was made and some arrangements entered into with them, the nature and extent of which appear, by the correspondence, copies of which are annexed, Numbered 5. 6. 7. & 8.\n               The hopes, excited by the favourable issue of this conference, were not realized by a correspondent conduct in the Citizens, who composed, what was called, \"The standing Committee.[\"]  They assembled at Brownsville (Redstone-Old Fort) on the 28th Augt and broke up, on the 29th; and, on the following day, a\n                  letter was received from Edward Cook, their Chairman, announcing, that difficulties had arisen, and that a new committee of conference was appointed: and, although the resolve which is annexed was passed, it did not appear, that the assurances of submission, which had been demanded, had been given. Copies of this letter and resolve are marked No. 9. & 10.\n               The underwritten were informed by several of the members of that meeting, as well as other citizens who were present, at it, that the report of the Committee of Conference, and the proposals of the Commissioners were unfavourably received; that rebellion and hostile resistance against the United States were publickly recommended by some of the members; and that so excessive a spirit prevailed, that it was not thought prudent or safe to urge a compliance with the terms and preliminaries, prescribed by the underwritten, or the Commissioners from the Governor of Pennsylvania. All that could be obtained was the resolve already mentioned, the question upon it being decided by ballot; by which means each member had an opportunity of concealing his opinion and of sheltering himself from the resentment of those, from whom violence was apprehended. But notwithstanding this caution, the opinion was so far from being unanimous, that out of fifty seven votes, there were 23 nays, leaving a majority of only eleven: and the underwritten have been repeatedly assured, by different members of that meeting, that if the question had been publicly put, it would have been carried in the negative, by a considerable majority.\n               With a view of counteracting the arts and influence of the violent, the underwritten, on the 27th Augt, addressed a letter to the late conferees, authorizing them to assure the friends of order, who might be disposed to exert themselves to restore the authority of the laws, that they might rely on the protection of government, and that measures would be taken to suppress and punish the violence of those individuals, who might dissent from the general sentiment. This letter (a copy of which is marked No. 11) was delivered to one of the Conferees going to Brownsville; but he afterwards informed the underwritten that the Gentlemen, to whom it was addressed, did not \"think it prudent to make any use of it, as the temper, which prevailed, was such, that it would probably have done more harm than good.[\"]\n               The conduct of the Meeting at Brownsville, notwithstanding\n                  the thin veil thrown over it by the resolve already mentioned, was said to be considered by many & especially by the violent party as a rejection of the terms. It was certainly a partial rejection of those proposed by the underwritten & a total one of the preliminaries prescribed by the State Commissioners who had required assurances from the Members of that Meeting only & not from the people themselves.\n               Having therefore, no longer any hopes of an universal or even general submission, it was deemed necessary by a solemn appeal to the people to ascertain as clearly as possible the determination of every individual\u2014to encourage & oblige the friends of order to declare themselves\u2014to recal as many of the disaffected as possible to their duty by assurances of pardon dependant on their individual conduct\u2014& to learn with certainty what opposition government might expect if military coercion should be finally unavoidable.\n               To secure these advantages, the underwritten were of opinion, that the assurances of submission required of the people ought not only to be publicly given, but ought also to be reduced to writing: & that the state of each County should be certified by those who were to superintend the meetings at which the disposition of the people was to be ascertained.\n               On the first instant, nine of the gentlemen appointed by the meeting at Brownsville assembled at Pittsburgh & in the afternoon requested a Conference with the Commissioners which was agreed to.  They produced the resolves by which they were appointed & entered into some explanation of the nature of their visit: but being desired to communicate it in writing they withdrew; & soon after sent a letter addressed to the Commissioners of the United States & of the State of Pennsylvania, to which an answer was immediately written.\n               Copies of these letters are annexed No. 12. & 13.\n               As no part of their letter, altho\u2019 addressed to the Commissioners from Pennsylvania, related to the preliminaries prescribed by them, they made no answer in writing: but in a conference held the next morning with those nine gentlemen they verbally declared to them their intire concurrence in the sentiments contained in the letter from the underwritten; and they expressed at some length their surprize & regret at the conduct of the meeting at Brownsville.  The conferees declared themselves satisfied\n                  with the answer they had received\u2014avowed an intire conviction of the necessity & propriety of an early submission in the manner proposed\u2014& offered immediately to enter into the detail for settling the time, place & manner of taking the sense of the people. A copy of their letter which also expresses these sentiments is annexed. No. 14.\n               It was accordingly agreed between the Commissioners on the one part & these gentlemen on the other that the people should assemble for the purpose of expressing their determination & giving the assurances required on the 11th inst: and the mode of ascertaining the public sentiments of the citizens resident in the fourth survey of Pennsylvania was clearly & definitely prescribed by the unanimous consent of all who were present at the conference.  It was evident, that circumstances might arise to prevent the real disposition of the citizens from being fully ascertained at these meetings & that even arts might be used to procure such an expression of the public mind, that while it held up an appearance of submission might be in reality a false and delusive representation of it. It was therefore necessary that persons of character from every township or District, (who might be able from their own knowledge or the comparison of all circumstances justly to appreciate the public opinion) should assemble & jointly certify their opinion whether there was such a general submission in their respective Counties or not, that the laws could be peaceably carried into Execution. For the same purpose it was agreed to be proper that the number of those who openly refused as well as of those who promised to submit in their respective townships or Districts should be reported to the Commissioners. A Copy of this agreement marked No. 15. is annexed.\n               It appears that meetings were held in the several counties in pursuance of this agreement: but The underwritten with extreme regret, find themselves obliged to report, that in the returns made to them no opinions are certified that there is so general a submission in any one of the Counties, that an Office of inspection can be immediately & safely established therein: on the contrary, the report of those who superintended the meeting in Westmoreland, states their opinion to be that such a measure would not be safe.\n               From Alleghany County no report whatever has been\n                  received\u2014and altho\u2019 it is understood that a very great majority of those assembled in the Pittsburgh District actually subscribed the declarations required, yet there is no reason to believe that there was a favorable issue in any other district. Information has been received that great violence prevailed in one of them, and that in another the majority declared, their determination not to submit to the laws of the United States.\n               From Washington County a general return was duly transmitted to one of the Commissioners at Union Town signed by 28 of the Superintendants of the meeting. They do not however state the number of the yeas & nays on the question for submission\u2014they decline giving any opinion whether there is such a general submission that an Office of inspection may be established therein\u2014but certify their opinion & belief \"that a large majority of the inhabitants will acquiesce & submit to the said law, under a hope & firm belief that the Congress of the United States will repeal the law.\"\n               The report from the Superintendants, in Westmoreland County, is equally defective, in not stating the numbers as required; but it certifies their opinion that as ill disposed lawless persons could suddenly assemble & offer violence it would not be safe immediately to establish an office of inspection in that County.\n               The County of Fayette rejected the mode of ascertaining the sense of the people which had been settled between the Underwritten & the last Committee of Conference at Pittsburgh\u2014The standing committee of that County directed those qualified by the laws of the State for Voting at Elections, to assemble in their election Districts & vote by ballot whether they would accede to the proposals made by the Commissioners of the U.S. on the 22d of August or not. the superintendants of these election districts report that 560 of the people thus convened had voted for submission & that 161. had voted against it; that no Judge or Member of their Committee had attended from the fourth district of the County to report the state of the Votes there, & that they are of opinion that a great majority of the Citizens who did not attend are disposed to behave peaceably & with due submission to the laws. But it is proper to mention that credible & certain information has been received, that in the fourth district of that County (composed of the townships of Tyrone & Bullskin)\n                  of which the standing Committee have given no account Six Sevenths of those who voted, were for resistance.\n               Copies of the reports stated, are annexed and numbered 16. 17. 18.\n               From that part of Bedford County which is comprehended within the fourth survey of Pennsylvania, no report or returns have been sent forward, nor has any information been received that the citizens assembled there for the purpose of declaring their opinions upon questions proposed.\n               The written assurances of Submission which have been received by the Commissioners are not numerous, nor were they given by all those who expressed a Willingness to obey the Laws. In Fayette County a different Plan being pursued, no written assurances were given in the manner required. In the three other Counties, which, from the Census taken under the Laws of the State, appear to contain above Eleven thousand taxable Inhabitants (in which none under the age of 21. are included) the names subscribed to the Papers received, barely exceed 2,700 and of these a very considerable part have not been subscribed in the mode agreed on; being either signed at a different Day, unattested by any person, or wilfully varied from the settled Form.\n               From credible information received, it appears to the underwritten that in some Townships the majority & in one of them, the whole of the Persons assembled publicly declared themselves for Resistance: In some, altho\u2019 the sense of the majority was not known, yet the party for Resistance was sufficiently strong, to prevent any Declarations of Submission being openly made; and in others the majority were intimidated or opposed by a violent minority: But notwithstanding these circumstances, the underwritten firmly believe that there is a considerable majority of the Inhabitants of the fourth survey, who are now disposed to submit to the Execution of the Laws: At the same time, they conceive it their Duty explicitly to declare their Opinion, that such is the state of things in that Survey, that there is no probability that the Act for raising a Revenue on distilled Spirits & Stills can at present be inforced by the usual Course of civil authority, and that some more competent Force is necessary to cause the Laws to be duly executed, & to insure to the Officers & well disposed Citizens that Protection which it is the Duty of Government to afford.\n               This opinion is founded on the facts already stated; & it is confirmed by that which is entertained by many intelligent & influential persons, officers of justice & others, resident in the Western Counties, who have lately informed one of the Commissioners, that whatever assurances might be given, it was in their Judgment absolutely necessary that the Civil authority should be aided by a military force in order to secure a due execution of the Laws.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0489", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 24 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               The Secry of the Treasury presents his respects to The President. He finds it will be impracticable for him without injury to the public service to leave town on Monday, but he will do it the day after & overtake the President.  However he begs leave to inform the President that from the information received, there is no prospect of a pretty general assembling of the Pennsylvania & N. Jersey militia at Carlisle before the 6 or 7 of Octor, so that The President will have some time to spare & perhaps it may be useful for him to remain here as long as will comport with the object of his journey & his convenience in making it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0490", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 24 September 1794\nFrom: Lear, Tobias\nTo: Washington, George\n                  George Town [Md.] September 24th 1794\n               At a meeting of the Potomac Company yesterday, they did me the honor to elect me a director, by an unanimous vote, in\n                  place of Colo. Deakins who had resigned. As I have accepted this appointment, I thought it my duty to inform you thereof, lest, if you should first hear it from any other quarter, you might think my conduct inconsistent & unjustifiable in accepting this place when I had so lately declined the honor of an appointment which you had the goodness to offer me.  But to you, my dear Sir, it is well known that to have discharged my duty with fidelity in one place would have required a pretty constant attention which my other indispensible engagements could not permit me to pay, and that occasional duties only are required in the other. And as I conceive it to be incumbent upon me to devote the little time I can spare and what talents I may possess in endeavouring to promote some of the great objects which are carrying on in this quarter, I could see none in which I could engage with less inconvenience to my private affairs than in this, and on that consideration it is that I accept the place to which the Company have been pleased to elect me, and I shall feel myself amply rewarded for any time or labour I may bestow on the business if they can be in the smallest degree useful in opening a channel through which wealth beyond calculation will flow to our ports in this quarter.\n               Most of the militia that were ordered to Frederick & Hager\u2019stown from this place have returned, and it is pleasing to learn that they found the people in that quarter much more disposed to quiet & good order than from repeated accounts we had been led to suppose them: and not having heard lately of any further outrages being committed by the people in the Western parts of Pennsylvania, we are not without hope of that business being settled without bloodshed.\n               I pray, my dear Sir, that Mrs Washington may be assured of the continuance of my respect & gratitude & that you will beleive me to be, with truth & the most respectful & sincere attachment Your grateful & Affectionate friend", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0491", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Daniel Morgan, 24 September 1794\nFrom: Morgan, Daniel\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Winchester [Va.] the 24th Septr 1794\n               I am sorry to understand the Dificulty in the state of Pensylvania to Raise their quota of men to suppress that Horrid insurecton on their frontiers\u2014The state of virga seem to be unanimous and Determond to suppress it and it is my opinion that we shall in a very few Days have men Enough at this post to Do that business.  for my own part I wish I was at Morgan Town at this time with 2000 men; which would be as Many as I would ask, with what would join me at that place to Bring them people into order, they are very much alarm\u2019d at this time\u2014this I have from the best Intilligance\u2014we have been greatly Disappointed with Respect to arms, only 400 stand have yet arrived, and them come from Phila. we have been Expecting 1500 stand from New london we have applyd to the Executive of virga for 3000 stand those and the arm from New London will I Expect arrive Near the same time which Will be about the last of this month\u2014I wish an accomodation may Not be patch\u2019d up with them Rioters under an apprehenton of Not geting troop to suppress them, virga could and would furnish an army sufficient for that purpose\u2014a young man a Brother to colo. Heth gave me the best account of them people that I have had, he was at Bradocks field\u2014he says thare was Not four thousand men, of all Descriptions, that thare was Not More then one thousand guns among them, and if the amunition Had been Divided among them he Dose Not suppose thare would be more than on[e] round a man for my own part I think it a very Easy Matter to bring them people in to order\u2014I Dont wish to spill the Blood of a citizen but I wish to March against them people, to show them our Determonation to bring to order and to support the Laws\u2014I took the liberty to write you this, least your Intelligance might Not be so good, or that this might th[r]ough some light (or be of some service[)]. I have the Honor to be with very great Esteem your obedt Hble servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0493", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Christoph Diedrich Arnold Delius , 25 September 1794\nFrom: Delius, Christoph Diedrich Arnold\nTo: Washington, George\n               I find myself honored with a Letter from Mr Randolph inclosing an appointment for me, as Consul for the United States of America; Your Excellency may be rest assured that I feel a singular pleasure in being appointed to the Honnor of serving the United States, and what adds much to my gratification is, the\n                  foreseing pleasure to convince every american of my zeal and wish to be of some Service to that Country, therefore I now must beg Your Excellency to accept my sincerest thanks for the confidence and Honnour you have placed in me by this appointment.\n               I have maded a few observation to Mr Randolph respecting the american Shipping to this Port, and give my opinion how it might be fixed on a more convenient plan for american Vessels &Ca which I wish may find approbation. I have the Honour to be with Sentiments of the highest Veneration Your Excellency most Obedient h\u2019ble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0494", "content": "Title: Proclamation, 25 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n               Whereas from a hope, that the combinations against the Constitution and Laws of the United States in certain of the Western Counties of Pennsylvania would yield to time and reflection, I thought it sufficient, in the first instance, rather to take measures for calling forth the Militia, than immediately to embody them; but the moment is now come, when the overtures of forgiveness with no other condition, than a submission to law, have been only partially accepted\u2014when every form of conciliation, not inconsistent with the being of Government, has been adopted without effect; when the well disposed, in those Counties, are unable by their influence, and example to reclaim the wicked from their fury, and are compelled to associate in their own defence; when the proffered lenity has been perversely misinterpreted into an apprehension, that the Citizens will march with reluctance; when the opportunity of examining the serious consequences of a treasonable opposition has been employed in propagating principles of anarchy, endeavoring through emissaries to alienate the friends of order from its support, and inviting its enemies to perpetrate similar acts of insurrection; when\n                  it is manifest, that violence would continue to be exercised upon every attempt to enforce the laws; when therefore Government is set at defiance, the contest being whether a small portion of the United States shall dictate to the whole union, and at the expence of those, who desire peace, indulge a desperate ambition. Now therefore I George Washington President of the United States, in obedience to that high and irresistible duty consigned to me by the Constitution \"to take care that the laws be faithfully executed\"; deploring that the American name should be sullied by the outrages of Citizens on their own Government; commiserating such, as remain obstinate from delusion; but resolved in perfect reliance on that gracious Providence which so signally displays its goodness towards this Country, to reduce the refractory to a due subordination to the law; do hereby declare and make known, that with a satisfaction, which can be equalled only by the merits of the Militia, summoned into service from the States of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, I have received intelligence of their patriotic alacrity, in obeying the call of the present, though painful, yet commanding necessity; that a force, which according to every reasonable expectation is adequate to the exigency, is already in motion to the scene of disaffection; that those who have confided, or shall confide in the protection of Government, shall meet full succour under the standard, and from the arms of the United States; that those who having offended against the law have since intitled themselves to indemnity will be treated with the most liberal good faith, if they shall not have forfeited their claim by any subsequent conduct; and that instructions are given accordingly. And I do moreover exhort all individuals, officers, and bodies of men, to contemplate with abhorrence the measures, leading directly or indirectly to those crimes, which produce this resort to military coercion; to check, in their respective spheres the efforts of misguided or designing men to substitute their misrepresentations in the place of truth and their discontents in the place of stable Government; and to call to mind, that as the people of the United States have been permitted under the divine favor, in perfect freedom, after solemn deliberation, and in an enlightened age, to elect their own Government; so will their gratitude for this inestimable blessing be best distinguished by firm exertions to maintain the Constitution and the Laws. And\n                  lastly I again warn all persons whomsoever and wheresoever, not to abet aid or comfort the Insurgents aforesaid, as they will answer the contrary at their peril; and I do also require all officers and other Citizens according to their several duties, as far as may be in their power, to bring under the cognizance of the law all offenders in the premises.\n               In Testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the United States of America to be affixed to these presents, and signed the same with my hand. Done at the City of Philadelphia the twenty fifth day of September one thousand seven hundred and ninety four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the nineteenth.\n                  By the PresidentEdm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0495", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 27 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n               Pay to the Secretary of State, out of the fund appropriated to defray the Contingent charges of Government, the sum of Fifteen hundred Dollars, for the use of Colo. Innes.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0496", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Chalmers, 28 September 1794\nFrom: Chalmers, William\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Fortrose [Scotland] Septr 28th 1794\n               Tho I have not the honour of your acquaintance I am no Stranger to your amiable Character which encourages me to apply to you in this singular manner. My Inclinations, lead me to go abroad, & to visit these Lands of Liberty over which you preside, but my Friends & Relations oppose my Inclinations & are anxious to get a Settlement for me in the Church of Scotland. For some years past I have been employed in teaching the learned-Languages, Arithmetic, Bookkeeping, Geometry, and the practical parts of Geometry and if you will have the goodness to consider my Case & to appoint me to a Clerical Charge in any of the United Provinces of America, I shall endeavour to make myself as useful as possible both as a Preacher & Teacher of an Academy there. My Address is William Chalmers Rector of the Grammar School of Fortrose North Britain. If you will do me the honour to answer this Letter I shall without loss of time transmit to you the most satisfactory Attestations both of my moral Character & of my Abilities and Success as a Teacher. As I am a Young Man and clogged with no Family I can be ready to set sail for America upon the shortest Notice. I have the honour to be Sir Your most obdt hble Servant\n                  William Chalmers\n                  P.S. I had the honour to dine with General-Sir Hector Munro of Novar some Days ago, & I find that by his Influence with General Williamson Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica that I am to be appointed to one of the first vacancies in the established Church there.  It is the opinion however of all my Connections that that Climate will not agree with my Constitution & it is their wish (which by the by is my own likewise) that since I am determined to go abroad that I should go to America. Your Excellencie\u2019s answer however will determine my fate.  W.C.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0498", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 28 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n                  Philadelphia Septr 28th 1794\n               In a seperate letter of this date, I have wrote you pretty fully respecting the New Road which you are appointed Overseer of, with orders to open; that the letter may be shewn to the Court\u2014to Mr Mason\u2014or whomsoever is the mover in this business, without having other matters of a more private nature blended therewith.\n               Since writing to you this day week, I have engaged a Scotchman, just arrived in this Country, in the place of Green. I do not expect much from him as an overlooker; that is, I do not believe he will carry much authority among my negro carpenters, as he appears to be a simple, inoffensive man; and because, that of House Carpentry or Joinery, is not his profession; but as he has the character of a very honest, sober, & industrious man, his example, with such representations as he may make to you, of neglect & misconduct, may be serviceable. Making of all sorts of Plows, Carts, wheels of all kinds, and various impliments of husbandry, is what he has been brought up to; though he says he has worked two or three years at house work, & can make a Sash or a pannel door. The buildings in his country being all of\n                  Stone, he knows nothing of framing. The enclosed memorandum contains the outlines of the agreement between us; which has yet been verbal only.\n               I have told him he is to have Greens house, Garden, &ca but if you have not an eye to it, Green will burn the fence of the latter, & strip the former of every thing he can. This man (James Donaldson) will, with his family, embark this day for Mount Vernon, on board Captn Mitchell: But if Greens family should not have removed, they, or Donaldson\u2019s, may go in to the room next the Shoemakers till Green finds a place to carry his family to; which he is to do without waste of time; for I do not mean to keep them there, after he is gone: Bishop, as I mentioned in a late letter, must be provided for in some way or other, to keep him from suffering.\n               Donaldson, if he is really skilful in making plows, Carts, Wheels &ca, may be extremely useful to me; first in makg these things himself for the farms, and next, in putting my own people in the way of doing it. He is to be furnished with Tools; & he wanted me to make him some allowance for his eldest son, who he says could work\u2014but the latter I refused to do.\n               I have written by this Post to my Nephew, to countermand the request contained in the letter which passed through your hands; but I should not be much disconcerted (if they can be accomodated with house room) if both were employed; as the last (that is the man from Westmoreld) would be more competent to the Management of the Negros, whilst the other might be principally, if not wholly, occupied in putting the Wheels, Carts, Plows, and other utensils in order; and in making and repairing Spinning Wheels &ca &ca wch he professes to understand well.\n               I presume you are upon some certainty \u2019ere this, with respect to Pyne. If you are not, nor know not what is become of him, do not on this account, remain longer in suspence than you can be otherwise provided; he wrote to me some time ago from the Federal City.  I am sorry to hear of poor Butlers illness. The Season every where has been remarkly Sickly.\n               I leave this on Tuesday for Carlisle, where I shall (from the information I expect to receive from the Insurgent Counties of this state) be better enabled to determine whether I shall proceed on with the Troops, than I can do here.  If you do not\n                  see me at Mt Vernon, of which I have very little hopes, by the middle of October, you make take it for granted I cannot be there before the meeting of Congress; and of course not till Spring.\n               Remember the promise I made to my Sister of a Mule, if she should send for one\u2014let it be a broke one, and good, but not the very best. Your letters (sent to this place as usual) will come regularly to me. I am Your friend &ca", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0500", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Augustine Washington, 28 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Washington, William Augustine\n                  Philadelphia Sepr 28th 1794\n               You will be disposed to think I am very fickle & unsteady (if you have received the letter I wrote you abt a week ago) when you\n                  find that the purport of this letter, is to request that you will take no measures in consequence of my last.\n               The reason for this request is, that since the date thereof, I have met with a man in this city (just arrived from Scotland) who from his character, professional knowledge, and the recommendations he brings, will, I conceive, answer my purpose in all respects except his unacquaintedness with negros; & the method of manageing of them. I have, nevertheless, employed him, as he is said to be skilful in making Carts, Plows, farming impliments, and wheels of all sorts.\n               I will add, if in consequence of the letter above alluded to, you have entered into any engagement with the person in your neighbourhood, he may come on; notwithstanding my contract with the Scotchmen; as he will be much more competent to overlook my Negro Carpenters than the latter, who may be employed principally, if not altogether, in making & repairing the articles I have enumerated. I should be better pleased, however, if he should come singly, than with his workmen; as I shall be rather overdone by the whole.\n               I shall leave the City the day after tomorrow for Carlisle, to decide there, on a nearer view, whether to proceed with the Troops against the Insurgents\u2014or to return by the meeting of Congress, on the first monday in november. Letters will not be impeded in their passage to me from the Post Office in this City but a few days longer, on that Acct. With every great regard and Affection\u2014I am\u2014Your sincere friend", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0502", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 29 September 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n               I have the honor to transmit you two communications from the Commissioner of the Revenue dated the 24 & 25 instant, and to submit my opinion, that it is adviseable to ratify all the\n                  contracts to which they refer except that last mentioned with Green Parker.  With perfect respect &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0504", "content": "Title: Statement about Stock, 29 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n               The Certificates on which the within Stock is founded, was endorsed by me, and left in the hands of Mr Nourse the Registr\n                  in order that the whole may be blended together & simplified for my use & benifit.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0505", "content": "Title: Request for Alteration of Patent to John Cleves Symmes, 29 September 1794\nFrom: Symmes, John Cleves\nTo: Washington, George\n               Be it known unto all men by these Presents that whereas in pursuance of certain resolutions of the United States in Congress assembled bearing date respectively the 23rd & 27th days of July and the 23rd day of October 1787, or some of them a Contract was duly made & executed between Samuel Osgood, Walter Livingston & Arthur Lee Esqrs. Commissioners of the board of Treasury of the United States of the first part, Jonathan Dayton & Daniel Marsh Esqrs. of the second part, and John Cleves Symmes Esqr. of the third part for the purchase & grant of a certain tract of Land in the Western Country adjoining the River Ohio, beginning on the bank of the same river at a spot exactly twenty miles distant along the several courses of the same from the place where the Great Miami empties itself into the said river Ohio from thence extending down the said River Ohio along the several courses thereof to the great Miami River thence up the said River Miami along the several courses thereof to a place whence a line drawn due East will intersect a line drawn from the place of beginning aforesaid parralel with the general course of the Great Miami River so as to include one Million of acres within those lines and the said Rivers and from that place upon the said Great River Miami extending along such lines to the place of beginning containing as aforesaid one Million of Acres to be granted to the said John Cleves Symmes and his associates their heirs and assigns upon certain terms &\n                  conditions as in and by the said Contract bearing date the 15th day of May 1788 reference being thereunto had will fully appear\u2014And whereas by an Act of the Congress of the United States bearing date the 12th day of April 1792, entitled \u201cAn act for ascertaining the bounds of a tract of Land purchased by John Cleves Symmes\u201d\u2014The President of the United States was authorised at the request of the said John Cleves Symmes to alter the said Contract made between the said late board of Treasury and the said John Cleves Symmes in such manner that the said tract may extend from the mouth of the Great Miami to the mouth of the little Miami, and be bounded by the River Ohio on the South, by the Great Miami on the West, by the little miami on the East, & by a parralel of Latitude on the North extending from the Great Miami to the little Miami so as to comprehend the proposed quantity of one Million of Acres; provided that the Northern limits of the said tract shall not interfere with the boundary line established by the Treaty of Fort Harmar, between the United States and the Indian Nations, and provided also, that the President reserve to the United States such lands at & near Fort Washington as he may think necessary for the accommodation of a garrison at that Fort, as in and by the said act reference thereunto had will fully appear.\n               Now these presents witness that I the said John Cleves Symmes have requested and hereby do request the President of the United States that the said Contract so as aforesaid made by the said Commissioners of the late Board of Treasury on behalf of the said United States of the one part and the said John Cleves Symmes by my said Agents Jonathan Dayton and Daniel Marsh on behalf of myself & my associates of the other part be altered so as to include only the last mentioned tract, butted, bounded and described as in the said act of the Congress aforesaid (subject to the same conditions and with the same limitations & reservations as in the said Contract and Act of Congress are expressed) is set forth. And also subject to the reservation of the quantity of fifteen Acres being for the accommodation of Fort Washington and the garrison thereof and including the said Fort in such part of the said tract as the President of the United States shall find convenient and suitable for military purposes & shal cause to be located therefor and further subject to the reservation of one mile square at or within four miles of the mouth of the Great\n                  Miami to be located by such person as the President of the United [States] shall appoint for that purpose, provided that a law be passed within the space of two years from the date of these presents to authorise the last mentioned reservation and location and that the President of the United States shall appoint a person to make such location within the space of one year after such law shall be passed. And provided also that the same law shall authorise the President to make and the President shall make & execute to the said John Cleves Symmes and his associates his and their heirs within the said last mentioned term of one year a grant and release of the aforesaid fifteen Acres reserved for the use and accommodation of Fort Washington and the Garrison thereof. And I do hereby for myself and my associates and our heirs remise release and quit claim unto the said United States all right title interest claim and demand whatever in and to so much of the lands contained and included within the bounds & limits described in the said first mentioned Contract as is not contained meant and intended to be contained and included within the bounds and limits secondly abovementioned.\n                  (signed) John C. Symmes\n                  Sealed & delivered in the presence of(signed) Wm Bradford(do) Benjn Bankson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0506", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Deakins, Jr., 30 September 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Deakins, William Jr.\n                  Philadelphia Septr 30th 1794.\n               I have received your favor of the 22d instt\u2014If there is a prospect of rise in the price of Tobacco I would await the chance of it\u2014especially as Mr Jones has not compleated the collection.\n               I wish the Order of Colo. Mercer on that Gentleman may be re-examined\u2014if I recollect the purport of it, it is only for such Rents as arose on the moiety of Woodstock which fell to my share.  Whether those mentioned in your letter is for this part only or for the whole tract I am unable to decide\u2014Nor am I certain whether the order is for one or two years Rents\u2014recourse to it will decide the point which I wish may be done accurately as it is my desire to close the matter finally with Colo. Mercer. With much esteem & regard I am Sir &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0508", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Count de La Belinaye, 30 September 1794\nFrom: Belinaye, Count de La\nTo: Washington, George\n               The particular Kindness, your Excellency, was pleased to show my most dear but unfortunate Nephew Armand Marquis de la\n                  Rouerie, during the six year<s> he had the happiness to Serve under your Orders in America, encourage me to hope, you will honor me with your advice, upon the determination I have formed to leave Europe next Spring & End my Sad Career in North america should there not approach by that time a term to our misfortunes. my Nephew the marquis de la Rouerie may perhaps have informed your Excellency, that <I> was as a father to him ever since he had the misfortune to lose his own, that <I> brought him up as my own child & that I provided him with the means & money necessary not only to go to America, but to Support himself there during the War, till he returned to France, where by my management he found his Fortune almost entirely cleared of the enormous debts of his Father, & those he had himself contracted in his dissipated youth; altho\u2019 before his departure for america I had twice paid out of my pocket his debts, (which amounted to considerable Sums) he died without being able to pay but a very Small part of what he owed me; but after his excellent conduct both in america, & since his return to France, I am far from regretting the Services I have done for him, & I would willingly part with the little that remains to me, could I see him once more alive. He died in November 179<2> victim to a horrid treachery.  constant to his religion, his King & the principles of honor innate in him, he had the art & Courage from the beginning of our unhappy revolution to form in Brittany his Country & mine a Coalition of more than 40,000 men, fully provided with money, arms & artillery, at the head of which he was on the point of gaining immortal honor, in attempting the reestablishment of the Throne, & altar, when he died overcome by trouble & fatigue, disguised & concealed at one of his friends in Britanny. He had made two journeys to Germany, in order to confer with our Princes, the Brothers of our unfortunate King. they had given him carte blanche authority & Comission both to raise money, & to Employ in the rank he thought proper the officers he should appoint.  he was hardly dead; when a Physician named Cheftel in whom he had the greatest confidence, & whom he had appointed to be first Physician of his Army, betrayed the Coalition, & revealed all their Secrets. in <c>onsequence of this discovery the body of my unfortunate Nephew was dug up three Weeks after his death, his head cut off, & sent to the Convention. the money & papers of the Coalition buried in a garden were discovered, a number of persons\n                  supposed to be concerned in the affair arrested, among whom was one of my nieces Mademoiselle de Mo\u00eblien young & beautiful & ten other persons who all perished two months afterwards on the Scaffold by the fatal guillotine.  Such was the deplorable End of my unhappy Nephew & Niece. She died with greater Courage than belonged to her Sex. her last words upon the Scaffold were long live the King. My only Brother aged about 54 emigrated with his Wife & Family in 1790. finding himself in 1792. destitute of the means of Existence with his Family in a foreign Country, he returned to France alone, to procure money. for 18 months we heard nothing of him, till at length we learned by the public papers that he also was guillotined in June last. I have no other relations in France but a Sister of whom I have not heard for near a year. The rest of my Family comprising my three Sons the Eldest aged 32 & my youngest 29, my eldest Sister aged 68, my unfortunate Sister de la Rouerie aged 67 my unhappy Sister in law aged 70, her daughter 22, my Nephew & Niece de Mo\u00eblien brother & Sister to her who was guillotined are in foreign Countries some in Holland, the others in Germany & England; they have no other means of Existence but the little Money I have been able to Save out of a very considerable Fortune which I possessed in France.  My Sons had in France the Fortune of my deceased Wife which amounted to more than 30,000 livres a year & two fine plantations near Cape francois in St Domingo worth 200,000 livres a year, these were entirely burnt & destroyed in the beginning of the revolution and are Still in the hands of the French, So that all that we Know of them is that nothing remains but the land alone, all the Buildings are burnt & the Negroes to the number of 450 either Slain or carried off, as also the Cattle & more than 200 Mules. pardon me if I tire your Excellency with all these Sad details, but I consider it necessary to lay before you with the most Scrupulous veracity, the Sad position of a Family for whom, your Excellency, cannot fail to be interested after your Kindness for my Nephew Armand de la Rouerie. his poor Mother is as much afflicted at his death as at the first day. This I think also proper that you Should be informed not only in a Short account of my life but also of the principles of honor & Fidellity to my Sovereign by which I have ever been guided. I am 59 years old, I entered into the Service at 8 year of age I Served Successively in the inferior\n                  ranks till the first of January 1770 when I was made Colonel of the regiment of Cond\u00e9 Infantry. I commanded with this rank, till January 1784. when I was made a general officer under the Denomination of Marechal de Camp I Emigrated from France with my three Sons & the greater part of the french Nobility in January 1790. at that time I went to Turin to Join the Count d\u2019artois & the Princ<e> de Cond\u00e9. I made the Campaign of 1792. upon the Rhine with the army commanded by the latter, as commander of a Division of Infantry. at the End of the Campaign I ca<me> over to England, in the hopes of beeing able to go to Britanny to re animate & head the remains of that Coalition formed by my Nephew de la Roueri\u00e8. all my efforts for that purpose have been ineffectual. abhorring my ungrateful country, Stained with the blood of my King, of his Family, of a part of my near relations, of a multitude of my friends, losing as it were all hopes of ever returning to the possession of my property with the monarchical Government under which I was born; I am determin<ed> to Seek beyond the Ocean a Calm Asylum where I may end my days in peace & suppor<t> those of my family who may wish to join me, when I shall have formed a prope<r> Establishment, North America appears best adapted to my views, on account both of the Climate & the liberty & tranquillity which one may there enjoy by scrupulously conforming to the laws & Customs of the Country. all that I wish to Know is with principles such as I entertain, how I should be received, Whether I should be troubled on account of my princip<les> different from those of the Inhabitants, whatever care myself & family may take to concea<l> & confine them for ever in our Bosoms, or whether with 6 or 7000 pounds Sterling which remain out of the Wreck of my fortune, I might forme in a province retired from the Tumult of Cities, & under a temperate Climate, an Establishment to afford an Asylum to my relations & to live in the most Simple and \u0153conomical manner. I should wish to inhabit a Country entirely Sheltered from the incursions of the Indians, where I might follow my inclination for agriculture, a Soil proper for the Cultivation of corn with pastures for many Cattle & near some navigable river. I should wish to find in this acquisition some farms already built where I might lodge till I should be able to build a dwelling house, with Sufficient ground cultivated to furnish the means of existence until I should be able to clear others. Might\n                  I entreat your Excellency to have the Kindness to transmit to me your advice and information on these different poin<ts> I place the lot of myself & family in your hands, with all the confidence your Virtue<s> command. In case your Excellency takes some interest in my situation, & finds no inconvenience in my determination, I entreat you also to indicate the Sea port where I should land, that I may be able to thank your Excellency for your Kindnes<s> to let me have letters of recommendation both for the ambassador of the united provinces of america in England & for Some Merchants in the Port where you may think it prope<r> that I should land & if it were possible, a recommendation to the Captain of the american Vessel in  which I should Sail in april or May next. I should also wish to Know which would be most advantageous for me to carry my slender fortune to America in specie, bills of Exchange or merchandise & in the Last case what Merchandise might be most profitable.\n               I repeat to your Excellency every excuse for my importunity. I hope that considering my unhappy situation & misfortunes you will pardon me & believe me with the highest respect & Veneration Sir your most humble & obedient Servant\n                  Le cte de La Belinaye\n                  P.S. your Excellency may recollect that you sent my nephew to France with Colonel Laurence in 1779 to obtain Succours from our government. I received & Kept them at my house in Paris, & was of some Service to them in that negociation.  Should your Excellency do me the favour of an answer my address is\u2014Monsieur le Comte de la Belinaye, at Messrs Thomas Wright & Co. Bankers Henrietta Street Coventgarden London.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0509", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 30 September 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n                  Philadelphia Sepr 30. 1794. \u00bd past one o\u2019clock.\n               The importance, and air of probability, which the inclosed narrative of General Wayne\u2019s affair of the 20th of August bears, appearing to deserve an express; I have the honor of transmitting it to you; and of being, Sir, with the highest respect and attachment yr mo. ob. serv.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0900", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tench Coxe, 25 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Washington, George\n                        Treasury Department Revenue-office, July 25th 1794.\n                     The Secretary of the Treasury being absent from the seat of Government, I do myself the honor, respectfully, to transmit to you the inclosed letter. I refrain from any remarks upon its contents except that I suppose the word in the third page, which is covered by the seal to be \"Militia.\" With perfect respect, I have the honor to be, Sir, Your most obedt, & most humble Servant\n                        (Signed) Tench CoxeCommissr of the Revenue", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-16-02-0901", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tench Coxe, 28 July 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Washington, George\n                        Treasury Department Revenue-office, July 28th 1794\n                     The present state of affairs appearing to require great circumspection, and the Secretary of the Treasury continuing to be absent, I have the honor, respectfully, to inclose to you a short communication, which it seemed proper for me to make to Inspector Nevill on Saturday last. I detained it till the usual time of closing the mail that I might the better consider its contents, and supposing it to be possible that I might learn something of the views of Government, which might be properly communicated. My intention was to support the mind of the officer of the Revenue without any, the least, commitment of the Government.\n                     I take the liberty to observe, Sir, that the Supervisor of the Revenue for Pennsylvania enters this day on the duties of his office at Philadelphia. He arrived from York last Evening.\n                     I have the honor to be, with perfect respect, Sir, Your most obedient, & most humble Servant,\n                        (Signed) Tench CoxeCommissr of the Revenue", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0001", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 1 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n          Mr Pearce,\n          Reading [Pa.] Octr 1st 1794\n        I am thus far (55 miles from Philadelphia) on my way to Carlisle agreably to what I wrote you on sunday last.\n        As I am not much accustomed to the management of Buck Wheat\u2014and think I have heard you declare the Same\u2014the purpose of my writing to you now, is to inform you that this Crop on the whole road I have travelled, is cut down (although I should have thought it much too green) and remains in the field in very small cocks, not larger than a Wheat sheaf drawn to a point, at top, where I presume it is to continue until the seed gets perfectly ripe, & the straw cured. The Potatoes too were every where digging. I remain your friend and well wisher\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0004", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Hugh Henry Brackenridge, 3 October 1794\nFrom: Brackenridge, Hugh Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          October 3rd 1794\u2014Pitts-burgh\n        arriving this moment with the haste of an express from what is called Parkinson\u2019s ferry, where a meeting has been held on the Subject of the late disturbances, in haste I say to reach this place before the departure of the Post, I have Just time before the Closing of the mail to inclose your excellency a rough draught of a Copy of resolutions of that meeting; It is Just as it was Copied Under the Trees where the meeting was held. I enclose it to your excellency at the request and on behalf of the Secretary, who had not a moment to do himself that honour before it was necessary for me to Set Out. your excellency\u2019s humbl. ser.\n          H. Brackenridge", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0005", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Harrisburg, Pa., Burgesses and Citizens, 3 October 1794\nFrom: Harrisburg, Pa., Burgesses and Citizens\nTo: Washington, George\n        While we, the Burgesses and Citizens of Harrisburg rejoice in the opportunity of presenting our Respects to a Character so justly revered and dear to Americans, we sincerely lament that we should owe it to an interruption of the Peace and prosperity of our Country those constant objects of your public Cares.\n        We trust however that the just Indignation which fires the Breasts of all virtuous Citizens at the unprovoked outrages committed by those lawless men who are in opposition to one of the mildest & most equal Governments of which the condition of man is susceptible will excite such Exertions as to crush the Spirit of Disaffection wherever it has appeared, and that our political Horison will shine brighter than ever on a Dispersion of the Clouds which now unhappily obscure it.\n        Though our Sphere of Action is too limited to produce any important Effects, yet we beg leave to assure your Excellency that so far as it extends, our best Endeavours shall not be wanting to support the happy constitution, and wise administration\nof our Government. We are on behalf of the Citizens of Harrisburgh And ourselves with great respect Your Excellency\u2019s most obedient and very humble servants\nConrad Bombach\nBurgesses.\nAlex: Berryhill", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0006", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 3 October 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Washington, George\n        I have written to Mr Randolph by this opportunity, rather because I make it a Rule to write frequently, than because I have any thing of much Importance to communicate. and I should have omitted writing to you at present, had not the Intelligence contained in this morning\u2019s Papers induced me to endeavour to\nsend them to you by Capn morgan. He was to have left Town last Eveng, but I am told is still here, and will not depart before this afternoon. I am Dear Sir your obliged & affte servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0007", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 3 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n          Mr Pearce,\n        If this letter should reach your hands, it will be delivered by Mr Weston, who with his lady may take a ride from Alexandria to Mount Vernon. Should this happen, I request you will make their visit as agreeable as your situation will enable you to do. I am Your friend &ca\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0008", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 3 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Private\n          Philadelphia Octr 3. 1794.\n        You know well, how much success turns the popular tide. So it has happened with General Wayne. Many, whom I have heard speaking in derogatory terms of his talents, now change their\ntone and say; that they were always certain, that the President would never appoint an incompetent man to the command of the army.\n        There is one circumstance, however, which appears to me to demand his attention. His late dispatches shew, that some in the army are capable of perfidy: every newspaper announces the indiscrete communications of many. From what I heard yesterday, I am certain, that those indiscrete communications have often, and perhaps systematically related to numberless arcana of the army. I shall intimate this to General Knox, who will probably be here to morrow; and recommend to him to press General Wayne to press more caution in this respect upon his officers.\n        None of the letters, addressed to you, have borne sufficient marks of public business, to warrant my opening them\u2014Mrs Washington\u2019s letter is inclosed in the packet.\n        The yellow fever is, I believe, absolutely extinguished. But there is constant danger of infection from unhappy Baltimore. I have the honor to be, sir with the highest respect and affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0009", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 4 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 4th 1794 7 o\u2019clock a.m.\n        No public dispatches, or public events have appeared, since I had the honor of writing to you yesterday.\n        Mr Brown, the senator of Kentucky, who has been in town about three days, called upon me yesterday. He was not explicit, whether he had received letters from the western army; but I am convinced from the manner of his sounding me to discover, if I was prepared to listen with indulgence to any communications, adverse to General Wayne, and also by information from another quarter; that the affair of the 20th of August is frittered down to a trifle by the representations of General Wilkinson. It is but justice to Wayne, that he should have an intimation that the brilliancy of the action is obscured by doubts, which have been thrown upon it from his own army. I mention this, however, not as the groundwork of any formal act of government; but as a circumstance, which may thro\u2019 some indirect channel be conveyed to him.\n        Altho\u2019 I cannot learn the effect of my late letters to Kentucky, I collect from Mr Brown, that there is probably a greater stock of patience relative to the Mississippi, than hitherto. At least the general meeting, which was to have assembled, in consequence of the resolves of may, never did assemble. But will you not be chagrined, sir, to hear, that Mr Edwards, the other senator of Kentucky, should so far lose all sense of public dignity, and self-respect, as to suffer himself to be interrogated before the democratic society there, concerning the negotiation at Madrid? The creature was so debased, as to answer to the best of his understanding; but providence has kindly interposed, as usual, in the cause of the United States, by denying him any understanding, or even the appearance of it, except when under the first influence of his whiskey dram in the morning. This manoeuvre was directed to his approaching election. But I am proud in saying that the prospect of his success is very small.\n        Mr Brown was anxious to know the actual state of the treaty at this moment. I turned him off with a general reply; which carried with it a sufficient attention to his office, without enabling him to conjecture the pause, which had taken place.\n        9 o\u2019clock. This moment I have received by the mail a letter from Colo. Nicholas; but it is so lengthy, and the writing is so crabbed, that I cannot decypher it in time for this day\u2019s express.\n        Mrs Washington and family were perfectly well half an hour ago. I have the honor sir to be with the highest respect and affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0010", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Carlisle, Pa., Citizens, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Carlisle, Pa., Citizens\n          Gentlemen,\n        I thank you sincerely for your affectionate address. I feel as I ought, what is personal to me, and I cannot but be particularly pleased with the enlightened and pa\u27e8trioti\u27e9c attachment which is manifested \u27e8towa\u27e9rds our happy constitution and the laws.\n        When we look round and behold the universally acknowledged prosperity which blesses every part of the United States facts no less unequivocal than those which are the lamented occasion of our present meeting, were necessary to persuade us; that any portion of our fellow Citizens could be so deficient in discernment or virtue, as to attempt to disturb a situation which, instead of murmers and tumults, calls \u27e8for our\u27e9 warmest gratitude to Heaven, and our earnest endeavours to preserve and prolong so favoured a lot.\n        Let us hope that the delusion can not be lasting; that reason will speedily regain her empire, and the laws their just authority, where they have lost it. Let the wise and the virtuous unite their efforts to reclai\u27e8m the\u27e9 misguided, and to detect & defeat \u27e8the\u27e9 arts of the factious. The union of good men is a basis, on which the security of our internal peace and the stability of our Government may safely rest. It will always prove an adequate rampart against the vicious and disorderly.\n        In any case in which it may be indispensable to raise the sword of Justice, against obstinate offenders, I shall deprecate the necessity of deviating from a favorite aim \u27e8to esta\u27e9blish the authority of the laws in the affections of all rather than in the fears of any.\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0011", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Clark, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Clark, John\n          Carlisle [Pa.] 6th Octr 1794\n        Your favor of the 27th ulto was put into my hands in the moment I was leaving the City of Philadelphia, and I have had neither leizure or opportunity of acknowledging the receipt of it since, till now.\n        I thank you for your polite offer of attending me to the field, but my going thither, or returning to the Seat of Government in time for the meeting of Congress, depends upon circumstances not within my controul, nor of which have I such accurate information as to enable me to decide.\n        Nothing short of imperious necessity can justify my being absent from the Seat of government while Congress is in Session. Under this view of the matter, I decline making any establishment of a family, unless that necessity should occur\u2014when, in the choice of aids, I must have regard to considerations of different kinds. I am, Sir yr obedt Hble Serv.\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0012", "content": "Title: Alexander James Dallas to Alexander Hamilton, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Dallas, Alexander James\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n        6 Oct. 1794. Transmits for GW\u2019s \u201cperusal\u201d documents received from Fayette County, Pa., and a copy of the governor\u2019s reply to them.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0013", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          My dear Sir\n          Philadelphia 6 Oct. 1794\n        I arrived here the last Evening. It has been a circumstance of inexpressible regret to me, tha[t] an extraordinary course of contrary winds detained me longer than I expected.\n        Permit me to request the favor by the return of the express, that I may wait upon you at Carlile or elsewhere, until the painful task upon which you are shall be adjusted. I am with perfect respect and affection Your obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0014", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n          Mr Pearce,\n          Carlisle [Pa.] 6th October 1794.\n        I wrote you a few lines from Reading the first instant\u2014and the only design of writing to you now is, to inform you that I clearly see that it will not be in my power to visit Mount Vernon before the meeting of Congress, and of course not \u2019till the Spring. I mention this matter that you may not, whenever the situation of your business will permit you to be absent, delay your\njourney to the Eastern shore from an expectation of seeing me in Virginia.\n        I have no particular directions to give, because I have confidence in your judgment, care & integrity. I would have, however, all the Stock that would be endangered in the course of the winter, disposed of before it arrives; and no more hogs put up for Porke than Such as are of fit age & size. I am Your friend &ca\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0015", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n          Carlisle [Pa.] Octr 6th 1794.\n        Your private letter of the 3d instt; accompanying the public dispatches, was received yesterday; & I rejoice exceedingly that the apprehensions on acct of the yellow fever have vanished. It would have given great alarm to all those in this Camp who left families in the City, if Mrs Washington had retired from it; & on the other hand it would have been a source of continual uneasiness to me in my absence if she had remained there after the disorder had become decidedly contageous.\n        It is but too evident, that there is a faction in the Army of the United States; at the head of which I believe it is as certain Genl W\u2014\u2014 has placed himself, & is attempting the ruin of Genl Wayne; but it may happen in this, as it has on similar occasions that the attempt may recoil upon the authors.\n        None of the letters which were addressed to me, & forwarded by the Express, were of a public nature.\n        As I reached this place Saturday only, & have no very precise information from the Insurgent counties I cannot decide definitively at this moment whether I shall proceed into them with the Troops, or return in time for the meeting of Congress.\n        As soon as I can ascertain the true state of the Troops & other matters at this place I intend to proceed to Williams port, & probably from thence to Fort Cumberland & Bedford; at one or other of which my ulterior resolution must be taken and in either case communications must be prepared for the meeting of Congress, although the different cases may require different modes\nof address but that I may be ready for either I wd thank you (as soon after this letter gets to hand as you can make it convenient) for digesting the several heads wch you have already noted or wch may occur into distinct paragraphs & forward them to me, that if they are to go (from the Army) to Congress, I may have the whole in my possession, to consider arrange & forward with as little trouble & loss of time as may be. Pray ask Genl Knox if any thing has occurred to him which is not contained in your Memorandums.\n        You may readily conceive that the bustle of a Camp where there are momentary interruptions is no fit place to digest a speech, or other com[municatio]ns that is to go to the world on the important Subjects wch will be to be laid before Congress at the opening of the Session which is approaching\u2014In haste, I am Yours always\n          G. Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0016", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 6. 1794 9 o\u2019clock a.m.\n        The Portuguese Minister has announced himself; excusing the past omission by the hourly expectation of departing from New-York for this city, and assigning for the reason of his not coming on, that he is deterred by the reports of the yellow fever, being in full havoc here. He has been answered with the civility, usual on such occasions.\n        Mr Rawle and Mr Peters will leave town on Wednesday or thursday next, to execute their duties in the western country.\n        I hope, that I have brought to an issue, suitable to the interests of the f\u0153deral city, the propositions, made by Mr Greenleaf, for releasing the legal title in seven or eight hundred lots. The expedient, which I have suggested, must remain immature, until the bank of Columbia is consulted, or the commissioners shall meet on the 15th instant\u2014I have written to Mr Scott, stimulating him to take up his immediate residence in a convenient position\nfor attending to the affairs of the f\u0153deral city constantly. I have the honor, sir, to be, with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0017", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n        E: Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that Mr Seagrove just now has learned from good authority, that General Clarke has abandoned his expedition in Georgia; and, under the influence of General Gunn and Mr Carnes, has come in, with all his followers.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0018", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia Oct: 6. 1794\n        The letter of Colo. Nicholas, which I mentioned in mine of the day before yesterday is so lengthy that I must reserve it for you until your return; as I am confident, that the inclosing of such an almost illegible scrawl would answer little purpose, and I might not be justified in having a copy taken even by one of the clerks. However, the substance is, an answer to my various observations; the expression of confidence in the President\u2019s exertions; the fear, that his successor, should not the business be completed in your administration, may not be, as well inclined; a suspicion of one part of the continent, with respect to the Mississippi; some complaints, founded on an ignorance of facts; a\ndetermination to adhere to the Union; a detestation of Genet\u2019s schemes; and upon the whole indications, that the temper of Kentucky is not lost, nor so furious, as at first. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect, and affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph\n          P.S. Since writing the above, this moment I hear of a London ship being just below.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0019", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Anthony Walton White, 6 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: White, Anthony Walton\n        The President of the U. States requests the pleasure of Genl Whites and Aids company to dine tomorrow at Mr Pollock\u2019s tavern at 3 o\u2019Clock.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0020", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 7 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia Oct: 7. 1794\n        E. Randolph, with affectionate wishes for the President\u2019s health, has the honor of informing him, that Mrs Washington and the family were well this morning: that altho\u2019 it is suspected\nby some, that Mrs Lenox, who now lies very ill in the house adjoining E.R.\u2019s office, labours under the yellow fever; yet there does not seem to be any grounds for the apprehension. At least his clerks and himself do not hesitate to pass, and repass in the office as usual: The Potters\u2019 field for ten-days past has not received its average of burials at this season: and of those, who have been buried, none are supposed to have died with the malignant disorder.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0021", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 7 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia Octr 7. 1794 \u00bd past 10 o\u2019clock\n        The express has been waiting, in expectation of the return of the messenger sent from hence on friday last and from the probability, that your dispatches might require an immediate Answer. He will be detained, however, until a late hour in the day, in order that Mr Jay\u2019s communications may be copied, and forwarded to you. They grow extremely interesting, and assume a considerable degree of shape, as far as the spoliations go.\n        The Printer says, that the report of the commissioners will be struck off to-morrow\u2014The delay is insufferable; and, unless he gives me the best assurances, I shall lay aside my very strong reluctance to quit an old officer, and put the business into Fenno\u2019s hands, if he will promise to be more active. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0023-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 8 October 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia 8 Octr 1794\n          I had the honor on the 6th to mention my arrival and the cause of my detention longer than the time I had specified. I am occupied in the affairs of the department, until I shall receive your orders whether to join you or not. If you should progress westward, and should be of opinion I could be serviceable I shall fly to join your standard.\n          I have the satisfaction to say, that at the eastward there is but one opinion as to the insurgents, and that is, that they must be made to submit to the Laws. Any quantum of force necessary for this, or any other just purpose of the government, is ready to obey your orders. The prosperity of the country, the industry and the habits of order conspicuous every where are the most brillant compliments to a free government that the world ever experienced. The consciousness that this golden age of happiness has been produced under your auspices, must afford your soul, inexpressible sensations of the most exalted nature.\n          The pay of the army which has hitherto been delayed, on account of the insurrection will be forwarded as soon as possible.\n          The enclosed dispatches from Colo. Pickering and General Chapin were received Yesterday.\n          The usurpation of General Clark of the Creek lands has been terminated for the present by the exertions of Governor Mathews and General Gunn. I am Sir with perfect respect and attachment Your humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0023-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure I: Timothy Pickering to Henry Knox, 20 September 1794\nFrom: Pickering, Timothy\nTo: Knox, Henry\n            Kanandaiguay [N.Y.] September 20th 1794\n          I arrived here yesterday. Two or three hours before, two runners arrived from the Indian Council at Buffaloe Creek, with their answer to your invitation to meet me at Kanandaiguay for the purposes therein mentioned. They apologized for the delay in sending their answer, by saying that they had waited the arrival of the Chief (meaning Cornplanter) by whom their former speech on the subject had been delivered. They say that they had explicitly declared that the place of treaty must be at Buffaloe Creek\u2014that this was their determination: and they desire me to meet them there. I shall return an answer to day\u2014which of course will be that I cannot meet them at Buffaloe Creek and give such reasons as occur, why they should assemble at Kanandaiguay\u2014Notwithstanding their apparent determination announced by the runners General Chapin is confident that they will come to this place.\n          Three or four days ago, a man and his sister whose release from captivity he had obtained, passed thro this place from the Westward. The Man had been working at the Fort built by Simcoe at the foot of the rapids of the Miami. He said General Waynes Army fought a body of Indians within sight of the fort\u2014that the Horsemen had nearly surrounded and made a great slaughter of them\u2014that a Man whom he saw at Fort Erie told him he saw from the fort, the horsemen pursuing and cutting up the Indians\u2014Another Man whom General Wayne had employed as a spy passed by the way of Genesee and gave a similar account to James Wadsworth who related it to Thomas Morris, from whom I have received it.\n          The runners have told General Chapin that Colonel Simcoe called the Buffaloe Creek Indians to a Council at Fort Erie and gave them an account of a battle near his fort; acknowledging that Wayne had driven the Indians; but saying that he had killed\nbut twenty two of them while they had killed upwards of three hundred of the American Army. That tho the fort he had built there had but few Soldiers in it, yet that the Americans had not attempted to take it and that now he was going to make it very strong.\n          The information here is, that Simcoe has sent almost all his regular troops to the Westward and followed them in person calling out the Militia to garrison Niagara and the other posts in that quarter. I am respectfully Sir Your most obedt servant\n            signed. Timothy Pickering", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0023-0003", "content": "Title: Enclosure II: Israel Chapin to Henry Knox, 17 September 1794\nFrom: Chapin, Israel\nTo: Knox, Henry\n            Canandarqua [N.Y.] September 17th 1794\n          Since my last I have endeavored to obtain every information from the Westward in my power Mr Wm Ewing having been employed in that quarter returned last evening and the minutes he has made are enclosed, and also the Copy of a letter from Captain Brant. I have had the accounts respecting Genl Waynes Action with the hostile Indians several ways, the particulars are mentioned in Mr Ewings minutes.\n          I first had the account by the Indians from Buffaloe Creek and also by a Man and his Sister from Detroit (the latter having been a prisoner among the Indians three Years.) and I have no doubt respecting the Truth of it.\n          Since the Indians were first invited to the Treaty, the British have endeavoured, if possible to prevent their attending and used every exertion to persuade them to join the hostile Indians at the Westward, till at last they found the Indians would not generally join in the War. The Governor then told them in Council at Fort Erie that they might attend the Treaty and if anything was given them by the Americans to take it &c. &c.\n          About one hundred and fifty of the Indians came to this place from Geneseo River in order to attend the Treaty but it did not commence at the time stipulated and I thought it best for them to return to Geneseo River and come on again with those from the Westward, to which they readily consented.\n          The Indians will generally attend the Treaty in my opinion or the best part of them viz. such as are generally in Council and the best friends to the United States.\n          The Goods and Stores forwarded by Colonel Pickering have arrived and we daily expect him. and the Indians I believe will attend from Buffaloe Creek and also from Alleghany in the course of eight or ten days. I have the honour to be Sir with respect, Your obedt & hble Servant\n            signed. Israel Chapin\n            N.B. Sir After Mr Ewing returned and this letter written an Indian came in from Buffaloe Creek and informed that Captain Brant had gone to meet the Lake Indians agreeably to promise\nand that he had taken with him but 8 or 10 Warriors, and enjoined it strongly on the Chiefs at Buffaloe Creek to attend the Treaty at Canandarqua and that he should return as soon as possible: and I cannot but hope through the whole of his conduct it will appear to be advantageous to the United States. and after all the intrigues that have been used I cannot believe that but very few of the Indians on our side of the lake have joined in the War with the hostile Indians.\n            Your\u2019s as above. I.C.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0024", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Daniel Morgan, 8 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Morgan, Daniel\n          Carlisle [Pa.] Octr 8th 1794\n        In the moment I was leaving the City of Philadelphia for this place, your letter of the 24th ulto was put into my hands.\n        Although I regret the occasion which has called you into the field, I rejoice to hear you are there; and because it is probable I may meet you at Fort Cumberland, whither I shall proceed, so soon as I see the Troops at this rendezvous in condition to advance. At that place, or at Bedford, my ulterior resolution must be taken, either to advance with the Troops into the Insurgent counties of this State, or to return to Philadelphia for the purpose of meeting Congress the 3d of next month.\n        Imperious circumstances alone can justify my absence from the seat of government whilst Congress are in Session; but if these, from the disposition of the people in the refractory counties, and the state of the information I expect to receive at the advanced Posts, should appear to exist\u2014the lesser must yield to the greater duties of my office, & I shall cross the mountains with the Troops; if not, I shall place the command of the combined force under the orders of Govern. Lee, of Virginia, & repair to the seat of government.\n        I am perfectly in sentiment with you, that the business we are drawn out upon, should be effectually executed; and that the daring, & factious spirit which has arisen (to overturn the Laws,\n& to subvert the Constitution) ought to be subdued. If this is not done, there is an end of, and we may bid adieu to all government in this Country; except mob, or Club government; from whence nothing but anarchy & confusion can ensue; for if the minority, & a small one too, is suffered to dictate to the majority, after measures have undergone the most solemn discussions by the Representatives of the people, and their Will, through this medium, is enacted into Laws; there can be no security for life\u2014liberty\u2014or property; nor, if the Laws are not to govern, can any man know how to conduct himself with safety; for there never was a law yet made, I conceive, that hit the taste exactly of every man, or every part of the community. of course, if this be a reason for opposition, no law can be executed at all without force; & every man or set of men will, in that case, cut & carve for themselves. The consequences of which must be depricated by every class of men who are friends to order, & to the peace & happiness of the country. But how can things be otherwise than they are, when clubs & societies have been instituted for the express purpose (though cloathed in another garb) by their diabolical leader G\u2014\u2014t whose object was to sow Sedition; to poison the minds of the people of this country; & to make them discontented with the government of it, and who have labored indefatigably to effect these purposes.\n        As Arms &ca have been sent on from Philadelphia, in aid of those from New London, I hope, & trust, your supplies have been ample. I shall add no more at present but my best wishes & sincere regard for you, and that I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Obedient Servt\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0026", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 8 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 8th 1794.\n        I have the honor to acknowledge Colonel Hamilton\u2019s letter of the 6. current written by your direction.\n        Judge Peters and Mr Rawle intend to proceed tomorrow. They will carry with them copies of all the subscriptions. Some of the names indeed are so badly written; that mistakes are inevitable. If therefore any individuals, whose names do not appear, or may be inaccurately transcribed, should claim the benefit, it may be perhaps right to indulge competent proof from some other source.\n        As soon as the letter was received, I transmitted an Extract of what relates to Messrs Peters and Rawle, to those Gentlemen respectively.\n        In a packet, accompanying this letter are Twenty Copies of the Commissioners Report. The remainder of the Edition, which will be about two hundred and eighty, will be dispersed through the United States in such a manner, as to justify the Proceedings of the Executive, and prepare the public mind for whatever may happen to be still necessary.\n        Colonel Humphries, in a letter from Lisbon of the 14th of August, speaks with an immense scope of French success. Nieuport, Mons, Leige, Antwerp, Brussels, Namur, & Spiers, are in their possession. Holland is in imminent danger. The Emperor appears to be on the point of relinquishing the War, \u201cit being certain,\u201d says the letter, \u201cthat he has marched his Troops into Poland.\u201d\n        You are pleased to say, upon my recommendation, that you would appoint a Mr Gabriels, a Dutchman living in Virginia Consul for the Coast of Barbary. I have written and written to him; but he has not appeared. I therefore submit to you, whether it may not be advisable to look out for some other person.\n        The eagerness of the mercantile people is so overbearing for European intelligence, that I shall communicate in the two Evening papers something in relation to it. I have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, and esteem, Sir, Your most obedient servant\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0027", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 9 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Knox, Henry\n          Carlisle [Pa.] Octr 9th 1794.\n        Your letter of the 6th came to hand last night. It would have given me pleasure to have had you with me & advantages might have resulted from it on my present tour, if your return, in time, would have allowed it. It is now too late, as we shall be in the Act of crossing the mountains, or I shall be on my return to Phila. (according to circumstances & the information I shall receive) at the head of the line, before you could arrive with any tolerable ease & convenience to proceed & when the latter, from present appearances is most likely to happen.\n        I am very glad to hear of your safe return. We were apprehensive something more than common had happened from no one having received a line from you for a considerable time before I left the City.\n        Our Accts from the Insurgent Counties are neither distinct or satisfactory, the only occurrence of consequence I have mentd in a private letter to Mr Randolph. Tomorrow, if I can get the Troops at this place in motion, I shall set out for Wms Port\u2014thence to Cumberland\u2014& from thence to Bedford\u2014where, about the 18th or 20th my ultimate measures will be determined on. In haste I am affectly yours\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0028", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Henry Knox, 9 October 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Knox, Henry\n          Carlisle [Pa.] 9th Octor \u201994.\n        Before the Presidents departure from Philada he requested Mr Hodgdon to prepare & hold in readiness for his use sundry articles such as tents, &c. &c. which wou\u2019d be necessary for him in case he should find it expedient to go into the western counties with the troops. These things were to be got ready by Mr Hodgdon & the President was to let him know from this place whether they should be sent on or not, as should be determin\u2019d upon a nearer view of things.\n        Tomorrow the President goes on from this to Wms Port & Fort Cumberland in the potomac\u2014thence to Bedford and he directs me to request you to cause the waggon, tents &c. &c. which Mr Hodgdon has no doubt kept in readiness to be sent on to this place with all possible dispatch, & that you will add to the articles which Mr Hodgdon was desired to prepare such others as you conceive will be absolutely necessary for the Presidents accommodation\u2014more than which he does not wish; & leaves to your judgment what they ought to be\u2014he wishes, however, three single matrasses with Blankets to be among them.\n        The President has not yet finally decided whether he will return to Philada to meet Congress, or whether he will proceed with the troops over the Mountains\u2014from every information, however, which he is possess of at present, it does not appear necessary that he shou\u2019d cross the mountain; but shou\u2019d the event prove otherwise it wou\u2019d then be too late for the Articles herein requested to over take him in time, & it is this consideration which induces him to desire you to urge the forwarding them on without delay. The person who is charged with these things must be directed to call on the Qr Master at this place (Colo. Blaine) who will direct him how to proceed from hence. As the Prest will be going, if he proceeds, into the Country of Whiskey he proposes to make use of that liquor for his drink, & presuming that Beef & Bread will be furnished by the Contractors he requires no supply of these articles from you. With due respect, I have the honr to be Sir, &c.\n          B. Dandridge", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0029", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 9 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n          Carlisle [Pa.] Octr 9th 1794.\n        Yesterday at 11 Oclock your dispatches of the 7th were delivered to me in less than 23 hours from the rect of them by the Express in Philadelphia.\n        Little, of moment, has occurred since mine of the 6th. A meeting of the Committee of 60, at Parkinson\u2019s ferry the 2d instt have\nresolved that if the signature of the submission, be not universal, it is not so much owing to any existing disposition to oppose the laws as to a want of time or information to operate a corrisponding sentiment &ca &ca\u2014That they the Committee (unanimously) resolve to submit to the Laws of the United States & will support them &ca &ca\u2014That in the four Western Counties of this State, in their opinion, there is a general disposition to submit to all Laws of the U.S. & a determination to support the Civil Authy in their execution. That Wm Findley of Westmoreland Cty & David Redick of Washington Cty be Commrs to wait upon the President of the U.S. and the G. of Pennsa with a copy of these Resolns; & to explain to Governmt the present State of that Ctry that the Prest may judge whether an armed force be now necesy to suppt the Civil authy there.\n        These Commissioners have not made their appearance yet\u2014The Insurgents are alarmed, but not yet brought to their proper senses. Every mean is devised by them & their associates & frds elsewhere to induce a belief that there is no necessity for Troops crossing the mountains; altho\u2019 we have information at the sametime that part of the people there are obliged to embody themselves to repel the insults, of another part. The Troops at this rendezvs will commence their march for Bedford to morrow\u2014at which time I shall set out for Wms Port\u2014thence to Fort Cumbd & from thence to Bedford where from the information I shall receive in the interem my ultimate resolution will be taken to proceed, or to turn my face towards Phila.\n        I must, for the reasons assigned in my letter of the 6th remind you of the request therein\u2014My moving situation, & the interruptions when in Camp will render it almost impracticable to compose any thing fit for the public eye under so much expectn, & as the mind of it is filled at present\u2014and the time would be too short after my return to the City (if that should be the result) before the meeting of Congress to do it there. I am Your Affecte\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0031", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 9 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 9. 1794.\n        By the Atlantic, which arrived from Liverpool last evening, papers have been received from London, as low down as the 16th of August. Two of them the Sun, and the Star, which are supposed to be rivals, accord nearly in the same story of Robespierre\u2019s fall. While I lament, that this, which is my only fear for the French Revolution, seems to be growing rapidly, and that the want of confidence in those, who mount to the top, renders it extremely difficult to foresee, how any adequate executive can be established; I feel myself happy, that Colo. Monroe\u2019s\ninstructions forbid him to attach himself to the uncertain fate of any individuals. This is the only effectual security for the United States amidst such a series of unprecedented revolutions, public and private. So signal an event, if true, must make a part of his first dispatches; and possibly may demand some very special instructions to him.\n        I endeavoured to throw myself into Mr Fauchet\u2019s way yesterday without effect; for at so delicate a moment our interview, if Robespierre should become the subject, must be perfectly accidental. If Robespierre is no more, Fauchet totters.\n        I just left Mrs Washington, who informs me, that all the family are in good health. I have the honor to be, sir, with the highest respect and affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0032", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 10 October 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia Octr 10. 1794\n        Brigadier General Bloomfield is of opinion that by the 12th he shall be able to march with about 400 men from Trenton, this would make up the whole number who have marched from\nNew Jersey 1700. The remainder hes is of opinion may not be collected until a fortnight owing to the defect of the militia Laws\u2014I beleive General Freelinghausens volunteers have not turned out so well as he expected.\n        The downfal of Roberspieres party seems to be authenticated. These revolutions of the leaders must palsy the efforts of the nation. I shall hope for a line from you to day. I am most respectfully Your Obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0033", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 11 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n          (Private)Dear Sir,\n          Carlisle [Pa.]11th Octr 1794. past 3 Oclock p.m.\n        When I wrote to you yesterday, I did not expect to be in this village at this hour. But finding it difficult to get even part of the Troops off, that were ordered to March yesterday, I resolved to see the residue in motion to day before I left this place, myself. This dilatoriness does not proceed from any disinclination in the Troops themselves, to proceed; but for want of arrangement, and system in some of the principal characters among the officers of this State, and the disjointed manner in which the former have arrived here. Those however which marched yesterday\u2014with what has followd to day\u2014will make a respectable corps. An Officer of respectability will be left to Organize the remaining detachments of this State\u2019s Troops as they shall arrive, & to forward them on. The Jersey Troops came on in Compl. Corps but are bad clothed.\n        I had scarcely dispatched my letter to you yesterday, when the Commissioners or deputies\u2014(Findley & Redick) from the Insurgent Counties arrived My Public letter, written by Colo. Hamilton will inform you of the result\u2014I believe they are scared.\n        All the Papers which may be deemed necessary & proper to accompany my address to Congress, at the opening of the Session, I pray you to have ready; for there will not be time to do it between my arrival in the City & the meeting of that body. From present appearances\u2014It is not likely I shall proceed beyond Bed\u27e8ford\u27e9 & my return to Philadelphia even i[n] that case can be but a day or two before the first monday in next month. Sincerely & Affectionately I am Yours\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0034", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 11 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 11. 1794\n        I communicated to Mrs Washington the route, which you marked out in your favor of the 9th current. All under your roof\nwere in their usual good health this morning; and she desired me to say to you, that she will write by the express of Monday.\n        Mr Fauchet certainly believes the destruction of Robespierre; and from circumstances, independent of those, which have been published, he had foreseen the event at least two months ago.\n        Mr Izard has returned; and his lady is preparing to go immediately to Charleston with the family. Mr Izard will follow in the Spring\u2014I find him under very proper impressions of our public affairs. He mentioned to me, that a society under the democratic garb has arisen in South Carolina with the name of Madisonian. It is a great grief to me; because it must place Madison under embarrassment, either to seem to approve by silence, what I am confident, he must abhor; or to affront those, who intended to evince their respect for him. I hope, that he will not hesitate to adopt the latter expedient; for I shall with the freedom of friendship bring before him the genuine state of my mind concerning it. As I remarked to you in conversation, I never did see an opportunity of destroying these self-constituted bodies, until the fruit of their operations was disclosed in the insurrection of Pittsburg: indeed I was and am still persuaded, that the language, which was understood to be held by the officers of government in opposition to them, contributed to foster them. They may now, I believe, be crushed. The prospect ought not to be lost. I have the honor sir to be with the highest respect and affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0035-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: John Jay to Edmund Randolph, 21 August 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n          I have received the Letter you did me the honor to write on the 9th June, enclosing the Case of the Snow Sukey, and of the Brigantine Maria. That letter begins thus \u201cSince writing of my Letter yesterday, I have received\u201d &c. That letter has never come to my hands.\n          A few days ago I was favored with yours of the 9th July, on the subject of the american Vessel carried into Bermuda, and on Board of which a large Quantity of Powder was found\u2014and enclosing copies of several letters relative to it. That letter appeared to me to be well calculated to manifest the sincerity of the Government, and evidently shews a disposition rather to invite than to evade an investigation into every transaction that afforded colour for complaint\u2014I therefore thought it expedient to communicate it, and all the Papers which accompanied it, to the Minister without Diminution.\n          Since my last nothing new has occurred. We are endeavoring\nto digest and mature a final settlement whether we shall be able to agree is uncertain. I have Hopes as well as apprehensions. I think our next Conference will produce something decisive, at least on some of the great points\u2014if so\u2014you shall be immediately informed of it.\n          Considering how many urgent affairs, which cannot be postponed daily call for the ministers orders, we cannot expect that ours\u2019 should proceed without some occasional Delays\u2014as yet I have no Reason to believe that any of them have been avoidable.\n          Sir Wm Scott, the Kings advocate, who is retained for us, is at my request preparing instructions for our people who have appeals or claims to bring forward. When finished they shall be sent to you. I really do believe that this Business will be conducted and concluded with good Faith. At Martinico there was no legal Court of Vice Admiralty\u2014consequently the Condemnations there are nugatory, and original claims may be entered and prosecuted here. I have the honor to be, with great respect, Sir, &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0036", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Henry Knox, 12 October 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Knox, Henry\n        Taking into consideration all circumstances, the President has determined that there will be no occasion for him to proceed with the troops further than Bedford, & that he will return from that place to Philada. He therefore directs me to request you to countermand any orders you may have given in consequence of my letter of the 9 Inst. & to desire that the waggon with Tents &c. &c. for him may be stopt\u2014& in short that none of the articles which Mr Hodgdon was requested to prepare may be sent on as the President will have no use for them.\n        Early Tomorrow morng we leave this place. I am &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0037", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Harriot Washington, 12 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, Harriot\nTo: Washington, George\n          Hare Wood [Va.] October 12th 1794\n        Mr Madison\u2019s going to Philadelphia has afforded me an opportunity of writing to my dear and Honor\u2019d Uncle, which I have with pleasure accepted. I wrote to you a few days before I left Fredericksburg, to beg your permission to visit brother George, but having a conveyance sooner than I expected, was obleiged to leave it without receiving an answer, which I hope has not met with your disapprobation; brother George is very much indispo[s]ed at present, but I am in hopes will soon recover. immediately on that\u2019s taking place, I shall leave Berkley, My Sister and the rest of the family are well, I am very much pleas\u2019d with her, she appears to be a good woman. I have heard that Aunt Lewis has been extremely ill, since I left her and is very much reduced. which makes me more anxious to se her, but I must depend entirely on brother George\u2019s goodness for getting down.\n        I din\u2019d with Uncle Charles the other day, he enjoy\u2019s much better health now than he has for many year\u2019s past. Mr and Mrs Madison have given me a very pressing invitation, to spend the winter with them in Philadelphia, and to return with them to Fredericksburg in the spring, they were very anxious for it. beg\u2019d me to write to you to ask your consent, and insisted on waiting untill I hear\u2019d from you, but I was affraid it would displease you and so declin\u2019d it, as my obligation\u2019s are of such a nature to My dear Uncle, that I would not for the world do any thing that I thought would offend him although I should have been much pleas\u2019d at going with them as I think Mrs Madison a charming woman I never saw one that I was more delighted with I am very much attached to her indeed.\n        Brother George and his Lady join me in love to you and Aunt Washington. I am my dear and Honor\u2019d Uncle Your affectionate Neice\n          Harriot Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0039", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 13 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          PhiladelphiaOctober 13. 1794 \u00bd past 9 o\u2019clock a.m.\n        In concurrence with general Knox, I have the honor of submitting to you the notes for the different communications to congress. My object has been, merely to give the summary idea, without contemplating precise language in any respect. As soon as you shall have signified your sense upon the matter, the form and dress can be easily thrown over it.\n        The William Penn and Caroline have arrived from London; but bring no intelligence, so late as that, which we have already received. Two letters from Mr Jay, of the 8th and 9th of August contain but a few words. In the former of them, he says that his present prospects are not discouraging, and that Lord Grenville had promised to write to the government at Halifax to prevent any thing improper taking place there with respect to one of our Indiamen, which was captured and sent in thither. In the latter was inclosed a duplicate order of the King in council. I have the honor to be, sir with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0040", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 13 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          (Private)Sir\n          PhiladelphiaOctober 13. 1794. \u00bd past ten o\u2019clock\n        Mr Freire, the Portuguese Minister, is arrived; and he is to call upon me to-day at 2 o\u2019clock.\n        Mrs Washington having written this morning will have told you, that she and the family are in good health.\n        There is great reason to fear, that the French are making rapid strides towards Amsterdam; notwithstanding the interruption, which Breda and Maestricht are likely to give them.\n        I am writing to Mr Jay; and shall keep the letter open, in case his private letter to you should induce you to send any particular instruction. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect and affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0041", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 14 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 14. 1794 10 o\u2019clock a.m.\n        Yesterday Mr Freire presented to me his credentials from the Queen of Portugal, as her minister resident. He is styled the Chevalier Cyprian Ribeiro Freire. They are in substance\ncorrect; tho\u2019 from an ignorance of our constitution, he is said to be sent to reside near the Congress. Being satisfied, that he would be received, I interchanged the usual civility of language. He expressed a desire to visit Mrs Washington. I remarked, that he must be sensible, that I could not absolutely recognize him, as minister, until he was accepted by the President. He answered, that he was aware of it. I then told him, that, as gentlemen not in public character, waited on Mrs Washington on a friday night, I would accompany him then, and introduce him as Mr Freire; but must reserve my annunciation of him to her, in the quality of minister, until you had received him. So this etiquette stands, and, I believe, on grounds of propriety.\n        At eight o\u2019clock last night I was honored by Colo. Hamilton\u2019s public letter of the 11th instant from Carlisle. I shall communicate without reserve the substance of it; as it is important, that the attempts to prove the nonexistence of the necessity for the further march of military force should be counteracted. The statement in that letter leaves no doubt on my mind that the execution of the laws would be at least problematical, \u27e8were\u27e9 military apprehension to be wholly withdrawn.\n        The late Swedish minister in London has turned over to his successor the complaint; which was made as to the selling of prizes in our ports. Mr Pinckney in a letter of the 19th of July acknowledges the receipt of mine upon this subject, and promises to enter into an explanatory conference.\n        The papers for the Speech shall be in readiness\u2014The heads, directed to be prepared, were left on the table by the clerk, who inclosed the other papers; and the first express started without them. He was however overtaken at the distance of eleven miles, and they were delivered to him inclosed. I have the honor sir to be with the greatest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0043", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Spotswood, 14 October 1794\nFrom: Spotswood, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Virginia Nottingham October 14th 1794\n        Knowing that your mind, is always Employed in weighty matters of State; Makes it painful to me to trouble you on my private affairs; But as I am certain your advice, will be Servicable to a numerous family; and that you take a pleasure in doing good\u2014Flatter myself, that you will excuse this application; and Take the earliest leisure hour; to return me an answer.\n        A Fortune much curtailed by a mercinary, Guardian\u2014and partly by my own neglect; has determined me, as the best and Surest way to provide for a numerous family of children and grand children, to remove immediately to the State of Kentucky.\n        The remnant of my Fortune; at a moderate Calculation; will bring me 20,000\u00a3 \u00a312,000 of which I mean to embarque with my family; the remainder to lodge in the funds; from whence I mean to draw it; so soon as an opportunity may offer of Takeing up lands, on the Northwest Side of the ohio; if Sir you approve my plann Say so\u2014if not, will thank you to Strike out one for me; when I will forego my own & Take up yours; The Estate I have here on Rappahannock is 2000 Acrces, & of immense Vallue\u2014had I not better advertise it in philadelphia, perhaps some monied foreigner may buy it\u2014would you Advise, carrying many negroes\u2014I think in that Country they must be of much Vallue; and will increase fast. with sincere respect & Esteem\u2014& regard I remn dr sr yr Most Hble st\n          A. Spotswood\n          20,000\u00a3 here will be but little among my numerous family\u2014but in Kentucky prudently managed may get Much Wealth for them.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0045", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Poole, 15 October 1794\nFrom: Poole, James\nTo: Washington, George\n        15 Oct. 1794. Sends an unidentified enclosure whose contents \u201cmost particularly and immediately, relate to the Welfare and Interest of a Man to whom You extend Your Friendship and Protection.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0046", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 15 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 15. 1794.\n        I have the honor of inclosing to you a translation of the letters of Credence of Chevalier de Freire.\n        By a Mr de Villemont a native and inhabitant of New Orleans, I have received two long letters of the 12th and 14th of august from Mr Short. It is full of dissatisfaction with the treasury-department, the department of state, & Mr Carmichael. With the first, for his having been so constantly employed in the money transactions at the Hague; with the second, that he is not minister-plenipotentiary; and with the third, for every point of their intercourse\u2014I am happy to find, that the manner of treating Mr Carmichael has reconciled him to the change; altho\u2019 he has not merited much tenderness. But it is so apparent, that nothing could have been successfully executed by him, that patience is almost misplaced to his negligence.\n        The Mississippi is so much asleep, that I conceive ourselves to be now able to take a definitive step with respect to Mr Pinckney. Mr Short\u2019s letters are so lengthy, that I shall reserve them till your return, when I will submit to your consideration the final arrangement of the business. The summary of his communications is, that the Duke de la Alcudia passes it over without much attention.\n        This Mr Villemont is suspected to be sent hither to sound the temper of the United States towards Spain; and he accordingly means to travel thro\u2019 them. I have the honor, Sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0047", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 15 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 15. 1794 12 o\u2019clock.\n        Swanwick has run before Fitzsimmons as far as 229 votes; and will be the representative in congress, unless the vote of the Pennsylvania part of the army shall have brought up the deficiency.\n        In two places, where I have been for the two last days, some criticism has been spent upon the command having been given to Governor Lee. But upon the explanation, which I made, the authors of it professed to be satisfied; and I consider this, as something, when it came from notorious grumblers at public measures.\n        Colo. Sam: Smith is reelected in Maryland.\n        The ague and fever on the commons, and immediately around the city has been unprecedented for the number of patients, and the severity of the disorder.\n        Our coast is lined with British cruisers; admiral Murray having returned to New York with his fleet. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect and most affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0048-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 16 October 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n            Fort Littleton [Pa.] Octr 16th 1794\n          It is contrary to my disposition upon any occasion, and particularly on the present Expedition, to trouble you with complaints; but the enclosed letter from Governor Howell, and my own experience, will not permit me any longer to be silent, upon the very great inattention which has been paid to the supplies of the Right Column of the army under my command, as well in the Commissary as in the Quarter Master\u2019s department. The truth is that after very tedious marches, the Troops have uniformly arrived at their prescribed stations, without any competent arrangement being made for their rations, or in some instances for some material articles of forage. In a country so plentifull, and upon a service so liberally encouraged by the Government the defects and disappointments to which I allude can only be imputed to a want of exertion in the proper Officers, and this is the more evident as neither Col: Blaine, the Quarter Master Genl, nor Mr Postlethwaite, the Commissary (both appointed by you) have hitherto attended the army, or sent any deputies who will assume any responsibility or appear to be competent to the duties of their departments. Under these circumstances, Sir, I entreat your particular instructions; as justice to the patriotic Troops which you have committed to my charge requires an immediate and effectual reform. I have the honor to be With great respect Your Excellencies\u2019s most Obed. sert\n            Tho. Mifflin\n            In Justice to Col: Biddle I must observe that he has rendered every service in his power, not only in his own particular department but, in every one which h\u27e8as\u27e9 come under his notice.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0048-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Richard Howell to Thomas Mifflin, 15 October 1794\nFrom: Howell, Richard\nTo: Mifflin, Thomas\n            Fort Littleton [Pa.] Octr 15. 4 OClock a.m.\n          I think it my Duty to inform your Excellency that such Difficulties occur in my Route, as should be guarded against on your approach. Colo: Bird shews every disposition to do his Duty, but the Situation of the Country renders many precautions necessary to enable him to do it. By his personal Exertions here, we have had forage, Straw & fuel, Aided as he was by a fatigue party in obtaining the last, but Sir, there are not waggons forward to hall in Necessaries, & I very much doubt any thing being procured in quantity at or near the next post, therefore empty waggons should be sent on, if you have not supernumerary Waggons with you; & if you have, they should advance immediately to draw in your Supplies. I recd late last Night, Letters from Quartermaster Edwd Fox, that it would probably [be] impossible to procure forage & even Wood for this Detachment. I have in that Case ordered 3/9 to be given for Oats, at the same time assigning for Reason of the Advanced price, that the necessity of the Occasion warrants it in this Instance only. I sent on to bring back if possible, some of the forage said to be in quantity at the crossings to be replaced as soon as possible; & ordered what was here to be drawn, the Hay trussed tight, & put into the Waggons, & the Baggage to be taken out of them. I have sent up the Cove or Valley, to all the Farmers to bring on at the Advanced Price, what they can, on Horses, forbid issuing more than 8 Quarts, & directed the Waggoners who I am told were to furnish themselves, to be refused. Here I apprehend We cannot stay, & onwards we must go of course. The march from Strasburg to Littleton, the post appointed by your Route after missing Skynner\u2019s is too much to be accomplished without great Injury to the Horses, & even\nmen, embarrassed as they are, by the longest train of Baggage ever seen for so many, & it is advisab\u27e8le\u27e9 not to attempt it. All this sir, arises from the miserable Conduct of the forage Department which ought to have had 3 posts in advance always provided. I have had a fine time of it, but will do every kind of Duty, to be at Bedford near the 16th the time proposed by the president. I march this day \u00bd after 8 o\u2019Clock at all events\u2014Adieu Sir, & be good enough to consider this (as intended) as mere advice of difficulties you may meet & not bordering on directions.\n            Rd Howell Commandg &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0050", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 16 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 16. 1794. 11 o\u2019clock.\n        I do myself the honor of inclosing to you a letter from Mr Z. Hollingsworth, attorney for the district of Maryland, in favor of Mr Graybell, as successor to Mr Ramsay.\n        The silver coin of the U.S. bears upon its face so much neatness and simplicity, that I cannot restrain myself from transmitting a dollar for your inspection.\n        In a letter of the 29th of July from Colo. Humphreys, an\nextract of another from Gibraltar on the 7th of July is contained; by which it appears, that there is reason to fear, that the frigates and gallies, of which we have heard so often from Muley Soliman\u2019s dominions, may be destined against the American shipping. The writer of the letter from Gibraltar speaks thus: \u201cOn what fated head the storm will fall, we cannot say; but hints have been dropped, that the English, Spaniards and Portuguese are very safe.\u201d\n        The French government is believed by Colo. Humphries to possess no small share of credit with the regency of Algiers.\n        The Spanish commissioners have made a violent complaint against a French privateer, said to be fitting out in this port. Upon inquiry it turns out to be as futile as Mr Bond\u2019s some time ago. I have the honor sir to be; with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0051", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 16 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Private\n          Philadelphia October 16. 1794 12 o\u2019clock.\n        I did not mention to you in any of my late letters my request, that the heads, which I sent to you, should be returned; because I presumed, that this would be the case.\n        In the contest between Fitzsimmons and Swanwick, many of the people cried out for \u201cSwanwick and no excise.\u201d This indicates the kind of address, which he must have made to the less-informed classes of men. But it was very singular, that the chief Justice should remark to a little group around him, that all the gentlemen voted for Fitzsimmons, and the next moment went and voted for Swanwick. The supposed conduct of Fitzsimmons at the time of the embargo has destroyed his interest; many respectable men voted for his antagonist, not from affection to him but hatred to Fitzsimmons; and many others, no less respectable, would not vote at all, because they hated them both. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect and most affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph\n          Mrs Washington informs you in her own letter of the health of your family.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0052", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Bradford, 17 October 1794\nFrom: Bradford, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia. Oct. 17th 1794.\n        Foreign Intelligence is conveyed to you so quickly and domestic occurrences have been so unimportant, that I have been unwilling to trouble you with a letter which could give you no material information: but I perceive, that if I indulge these scruples longer, I shall not have the honor of writing to you at all.\n        I spent part of last week in New Jersey & had an opportunity of conversing with a good many gentlemen of information. I learnt from them all, that the late events & measures had excited & encreased the Attachment to the general government in every part of the state in a wonderful degree. Great indignation against the insurgents still prevails; and some fears were expressed lest the wound should not be thoroughly probed: for a report was in circulation that the Army would march no further than Bedford. Notwithstanding the inconveniences which result from the absence of so many men, it seemed to be the general wish that they should not return so early: but it was the hope of every one that the situation of things might be such as to prevent the necessity of your proceeding into the insurgent Country.\n        As the election was approaching, exertions were making to render the subsequent state Legislature more respectable than usual. Judge Patterson, it seems, has completed his digest of the state-Laws & expects to make his report to the next Assembly. Both he & his friends, are anxious that men capable of understanding the work should be the Judges of it: & several respectable professional men have been prevailed on to permit themselves to be proposed as candidates. The election for members of Congress in that state will not be had till an act is passed for that purpose. Mr Boudinot has informed his friends that it will be inconvenient for him to serve longer than the period for which he has been elected.\n        The affairs of the Manufacturing Society are exceedingly deranged and their funds so far exhausted that there are no hopes\nthe business can be carried on without an increase of capital. There is little prospect of accomplishing this; and unless some men of property embark in a purchase of the works, machinery & privileges of the Corporation, the objects of the institution will be wholly defeated.\n        The march of the militia has produced a sensible rise in the price of all articles which are furnished by domestic labour. In this mild season wood sells at 8 dollars \u214c cord: & common bricks have risen from 5 to 7 & 8 dollars the thousand. The price of day-labour is also greatly increased.\n        The election for a representative in Congress in this City has so issued as to give little satisfaction. Neither of the Candidates were favorites. Many declined voting for either\u2014& some voted for one merely to vote against the other. Under those circumstances success is not very gratifying. As the returns from the Army have not arrived, the successful candidate is not yet known.\n        Reports are in circulation of new advantages gained by the french armies in the south\u2014particularly of their irruption into Biscay and capture of Bilboa. But as far as I can learn it is ship-news by the way of Boston\u2014tho\u2019 by no means improbable.\n        The Mercantile letters from London, I understand, discover great confidence that the issue of Mr Jay\u2019s negociation will be a successful one. If the price of American Stock on the London Exchange may be considered as a thermometre of public opinion, that confidence was not only high but encreasing. The Stock of the bank U.S. was at 110\u00a3 sterling, & was still rising. In consequence of this advice, the price has risen here also to 26 & 27. \u214cCent advance. It is devoutly to be wished that this confidence may not be delusive.\n        Mr Hammond has returned to the City from New York.\n        While I was in New Jersey, I was informed that Mr Genet, finding the times unfavorable for any political operations, was quietly reposing at his country house near Jamaica, on Long-island. His suit to the Lady was not abandoned; but it was believed that he would recieve no decisive answer, untill the Election of next spring was past. The event of that election will in some measure depend upon the event of Mr Jay\u2019s negociations.\n        No official returns of the elections for members of Congress for this state have yet been received in the Secretary\u2019s office. But correct information states, that the majorities in Favor of\nMr Thomas, of Chester County, Mr Morris of Montgomery, & Mr Sitgreaves of Northampton are so great that they cannot be affected by the votes of the militia abroad. These gentlemen are supported by the federal interest in their respective districts. Mr Peter Muhlenberg is, of course, left out. There seems to be no doubt but Colo. Hartley & Mr Kittera will be rechosen.\n        Our city continues to be healthy and the yellow fever as well as all conversation about it seems to have left the Place: but a messenger arrived from Woodberry last night, to Dr Rush with accounts of Mrs Stockton\u2019s illness, and her friends there write, that they apprehend that her disorder is of that class. She is very ill, but is not thought to be in danger.\n        You will perceive, Sir, that I have written this letter rather with a view of indulging my own feelings tha[n] with the hope of conveying any interesting information. I shall not be inattentive to any thing material that occurs & will take the liberty of apprizing you of it, if you are detained long with the army.\n        I have only to add my best wishes for your health & to assure you of the respect & attachment with which I am Your faithful & Obedt Servt\n          Wm Bradford.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0053", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 17 October 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          War department, October 17th 1794.\n        I have the honor to transmit you, enclosed, copies of two letters received from Governor Blount dated the 21st, and 22d of September last; also a letter from Major Craig of the 10th instant;\nand one from Alexander Macomb of New York dated the 15th. I am Sir, with the highest respect, Your most obedt Servant.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0054", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Barbe Perbal Legaux, 17 October 1794\nFrom: Legaux, Barbe Perbal\nTo: Washington, George\n          Citoyen pr\u00e9sident\n          paris ce 26 vendemiaire ou 17 octobre vieu Still lan 3emde la r\u00e9publique une et indivisible\n        Le citoyen Legaux mon mari, oblig\u00e9 il y a peu pres huit ans de quitter la goideloupe par les v\u00e9xations que lon vouloit lui faire \u00e9prouver, Se retira a la nouvelle angleterre ou il a eu le bonheur de vous connoitre; dans toutes Ses lettres il ma parl\u00e9 de vous, citoyen, et combien il avoit \u00e9t\u00e9 flatt\u00e9 de la bienveillance avec la quelle vous avez accueellis ce quil a fait pour Se rendre util dans un pays ou il n\u2019etoit pas connu, et ou il avoit a coeur de m\u00e9riter l\u2019estime des habitans dont les moeurs et la maniere de penser, Se rapportent a la Sienne; c\u2019est la certitude quil Se trouvoit plus heureux a philadelphi que dans toutes les parties du monde, qui a un peu a douci la peine de Sa longue absence; des raisons dinterrets mont emp\u00e8cher longtems avant la r\u00e9volution d\u2019aler le joindre, j\u2019en conservois lespoir qui \u00e9toit augmant\u00e9 par le desir de voir et connoitre moi m\u00eame celui qui cause l\u2019etonement et ladmiration de tout lunivers\u2014mais ce qui c\u2019est pass\u00e9 en france mote le pouvoir, et la volont\u00e9, de la quitter, le d\u00e9cret qui vient d\u2019avoir lieu contre tout fran\u00e7ois absents de leurs patrie m\u2019a fait trembler, je crains que mon mari ne Se trouve compri dans une mesure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, ce qui me S\u00e9parerois de lui pour toujours, le confrondroit avec les ennemis de Sa patrie, (lui qui la ch\u00e9rie ainsi que la r\u00e9publique) et entraineroit la perte de notre fortune. c\u2019est pour parer a tout ces malheurs que je m\u2019adresse au congres pour lui demander une atestation du S\u00e9jour que mon mari a fait a philadelphie, des motifs quils l\u2019ont empech\u00e9 de repasser en france, Si comme j\u2019ai lieu de lesperer il a \u00e9t\u00e9 assez heureux pour r\u00e9ussire dans les traveaux quil a offert a la r\u00e9publique elle ne lui en refusera pas le t\u00e9moignage, et Sa recommandation, qui Sera pour nous une puissante protextion aupres de notre nation qui a pour la votre une estime et une amitie particuliere, et la plus grande v\u00e9n\u00e9ration pour vos vertus. Si vous daignes a joutter un mot d\u2019interret, et votre opinion Sur le compte de mon mari nous n\u2019aurons plus rien a craindre, et nous vous deverons notre\ntranquilit\u00e9. je ne vous parlerai pas de ma reconnoissance Votre ame bienfaisante trouve Sa r\u00e9compense et Sa Satisfaction a obliger, et a rendre justice, c\u2019est cette certitude qui fait que je m\u2019adresse a vous avec confiance. recever avec bont\u00e9 lassurence des Sentiments distingues, et de la parfaite consid\u00e9ration que conservera toujours pour vous.\n          La citoyenne Legaux", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0055", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 17 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 17. 1794\n        It is circulated here, that Mr Fauchet has declined doing any business, until he shall learn his real position under the new turn of French affairs. I have not been able to see him; as he is said to be confined in the country by a bad leg.\n        Mrs Washington was slightly indisposed this morning; but not enough so, to prevent her from going about as usual.\n        The late abominable sacrifice of females at Paris led me to inquire after Madame la fayette. I can hear nothing of her; except\na pretty general agreement, that as she was arrested some time ago, she must have fallen.\n        One effect of Mr Jaudenes\u2019s apprehensions about the yellow-fever is shewn, in the quarantine imposed upon our vessels at Cadiz. I have the honor sir to be with the greatest respect and most affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0056-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: John Jay to Edmund Randolph, 22 August 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n          When you shall have received my letter enclosing copies of my Representation to Lord Grenville on the subject of Captures, and of his Answer; and a subsequent Letter enclosing a Copy of the order of Council, respecting Appeals and Claims; you will perceive that they who wish to prosecute either, should without Delay appoint Agents here to manage their Business; and to whom I may deliver such papers in my possession as relate to\nthose Cases of Capture which may be committed to their Care and Direction.\n          I am inclined to think that the order of Council alone, will not be satisfactory to the Claimants; and therefore that the Representation, and the answer to it, and perhaps my Letter No. 10 of the 2d of August covering them, should be published at large\u2014but of this the President and you who are on the Spot, will be better able to judge than I can be.\n          I heard yesterday that Mr Monroe had arrived at Paris. Be so good as to inform me from time to time which of my Letters, and also the Duplicates (for of some, Duplicates have been sent) come to your Hands. I have the honor to be, with great respect Sir, &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0057", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 18 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n        I have directed Mr Dandridge to acknowledge the recet of your public dispatches of the 13. Inst., whilst I enclose those of our Envoy to you, which came under cover to me in a letter from him dated the 5. of August, with the following P.S.\u2014\u201cI shall enclose with this my dispatches to Mr Randolph. If the\nWilliam Penn shou\u2019d be stopped by a belligerent vessel, they will respect a letter directed to you more than one directed to him.\u201d on opening it I find duplicates only.\n        His private letter to me of the date above, & which he wishes may be considered as confidential (which, & the possible risque, prevents my sending it to you by the returning Express) is a very pleasing one; as it is more indicative of a hope, & expectation of general good success in his mission than any that had come from him before. He conceives that there is no indisposition in the present ministry to settle the several matters in dispute upon what they conceive to be just & liberal terms. But what these may appear to be, when they come to close discussion, no one can prognosticate\u2014to give & take I presume will be the result. I am led to draw more favorable inferrences from this letter however, than from any of his preceding ones. I am always &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0058", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 18 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Private\n          Philadelphia October 18. 1794\n        I mentioned in my letter of yesterday a slight indisposition of Mrs Washington. To day she is perfectly well.\n        She sent me two letters, which came with two packages of books. She had opened them, and I now inclose them.\n        In Childs and Swaine\u2019s paper of the 17th instant is this passage under the London head. \u201cMr Jefferson the American Minister, at present in Paris, is charged with a special message to the king of Prussia, in favor of la Fayette.\u201d\n        Mrs Washington sent me the inclosed letter from Mr Spotswood, on the supposition of its being of a public nature. The first paragraph satisfied me of the contrary, and I shut it up.\n        Mr Hammond is said to have returned hither the night before last.\n        Since I wrote yesterday, Mr Fauchet has resumed by letter business of the smaller kind with my department. I have the honor sir to be with the highest respect and affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0059", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 18 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 18. 1794. one o\u2019clock p.m.\n        I have been employed this morning in communicating to the sufferers under British depredations Mr Jay\u2019s letters of the 2d and 23d of August, copies of which have been forwarded to you. They have appointed a committee of five, at which Mr Fitzsimmons is the head, to confer with me from time to time. They are to meet this evening, and to call upon me again on Monday. I stated to the whole body so much of the measures of government, as seemed proper, and relative to them; and find, that they have a perfect conviction of the exertions of the executive.\n        Mr Jaudenes has just left me; after expressing a wish, that Mr Villemont, whom I mentioned in my letter of yesterday, should receive a passport to travel thro\u2019 the U.S. in quest of natural curiosities. I told him, that it should be considered. At the same time, altho\u2019 I am persuaded, that the arcana of nature are the ostensible objects only, I do not well see, how the passport can be refused to him, when Mr Jaudenes has granted a similar one to our Countryman Peale, who is travelling in the Spanish dominions; when the denial may betray an unbecoming suspicion; and when there is no power to prevent him from travelling where he will.\n        I have spoken at large of the nature of Messrs Findley\u2019s and Riddick\u2019s mission. The general opinion of it is that it is too equivocal for reliance on it. I have the honor sir to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0060-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 20 October 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            Philadelphia 20th Octr 1794\n          I have the honor to submit you the Copy of a letter just received from Colonel Pickering. I have conceived that it might be attended with good effects to assuage in the mind of the Governor, of this state, and of the militia Army, any apprehensions they may have entertained respecting the hostility of the six nations. Had they refused Colonel Pickerings invitation, the aspect would have been ill, but their decision to change the place of the Council fire, has a pacific appearance. No other information of sufficient importance to submit to your view. I have the honor most respectfully to be Sir Your humble Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0060-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Timothy Pickering to Henry Knox, 27 September 1794\nFrom: Pickering, Timothy\nTo: Knox, Henry\n          On the 20th I wrote you, that two runners had arrived the day before from Buffaloe Creek with a message urging me to hold the treaty there, that I had answered them that I had no authority to remove the Council fire and that the Treaty must be held at Kanandaigua. That upon receiving this answer, the runners replied that they were directed by the Chiefs to inform me that if I could not go to Buffaloe Creek they would meet me at Kanandaigua.\n          Two runners arrived this afternoon with a message from Buffaloe Creek to inform me that the former runners reached that place on the 22d\u2014that on the 23d and 24. the Indians held Councils and sent runners to the Grand river to inform the Mohawks where the treaty was to be held and to invite them to attend: that in five days from this time (which will be the\n2d of October) the Indians at Buffaloe Creek \u201cwould rise from their seats\u201d to come to Kanandaigua: and that the Cornplanter had returned home to collect his people and bring them to the Treaty.\n          The time fixed for leaving Buffaloe Creek appears to have been calculated on the number of days necessary for the Mohawks to join them and for the Cornplanter to return and bring forward his people.\n          Considering that it will take about seven days for the main body to come from Buffaloe Creek and that contingencies may occasion further delays I see very little chance of opening the Treaty for business till the middle of October\u2014From what I have heard there will be a great assembly.\n          Enquiring of the runners for news from the Westward they answered that a variety of Stor[i]es had been told, but that they believed none of them, that the last report was that General Wayne after driving the Shawanese and their associates and burning a number of their Towns had returned over the high Grounds to where the Waters ran into the Ohio. That when Brant was on his way westward he was met by two Shawanees who gave him this information. Upon which the Onondagas and Cayugas (some of both these nations live at Grand river) who accompanied him returned: but the Mohawks proceeded with him to the Westward. I am with great respect Sir Your most obedt Servant\n            (signed) Timothy Pickering\n            P.S. About 150 Indians have arrived from Oneida, and but a small number of the Onondagas from their reservation, most of their families there being sick.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0062", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Edmund Randolph, 20 October 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n          Bedford [Pa.] 20th October 1794\n        I wrote to you by direction of the President from Cumberland the 18 Inst: but on our arrival here last evening we found that the Express who carried the letter had been stopped & thrown into prison at this place on account of some expressions he had used, which were not relished by the soldiery.\n        The President directs me to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 14, which met him yesterday between this & Cumberland; & also of that of the 15. which was put into his hands on his arrival here. He directs me to request that every thing necessary to be laid before Congress at their meeting may be in readiness, & to mention to you that it is not necessary for him to write very particularly to you as he will leave this place in two or three days for Philada.\n        The President further directs me to add that it will not be needful for you to send on any more Expresses to him after you receive this; but if it should be necessary to send dispatches to the army they may be directed: either to the Commander in Chief, or to Colo. Hamilton who remains with the army. With esteem & regard I am &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0063", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 20 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Private\n          Philadelphia October 20. 1794. Monday 1 o\u2019clock p.m.\n        Mrs Washington having written herself, I need not add, that I saw her this morning in good health.\n        A partial report from the army, leaves it extremely doubtful whether Swanwick will not be elected. Dunlap\u2019s paper of this morning gives the numbers there; and those corps, whose votes have not been stated; will have a majority of eighty six votes in favor of Swanwick to bring up, before Fitzsimmons can be successful.\n        Mr Morris has been very anxious for some days past, that you should return, if possible. I asked him, if he doubted your right to be absent from the meeting of congress. He said no; but he thought, that the remaining business could be adjusted by subordinate characters. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect and affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0064", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 20 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 20. 1794. 1\u2018o\u2019clock\n        My anxiety has been awakened by the absence of all the expresses, which have probably reached Williamsport, since Sunday the 12th instant. But the general opinion is easy, from a conviction, that you will not encounter hostility, but will rather be occupied with milder arrangements for the restoration of order.\n        Mr Rittenhouse has certified to me the distress of the mint for\nmoney; and Mr Wolcott has sent me a message thro\u2019 Doctor Way, the treasurer, that he would contrive its payment, if the statement was such an one, as would probably be satisfactory to you. I have certified to that effect; and presume, that the treasurer will receive the amount.\n        I have answered all Mr Jay\u2019s letters, up to the 23d of August inclusive; and have assigned my reasons, why, upon further reflection, I had determined not to publish his letter No. 10, of the 2d of August, without your direction, which I would take on your return. His memorial and Lord Grenville\u2019s reply will appear in Brown\u2019s paper of this evening. I have the honor to be, sir, with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0065", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 21 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n          Hartley\u2019s [York, Pa.]Tuesday Even\u27e8ing\u27e9 21st October 1794\n        From Colo. Mentges\u2019 inf\u27e8or\u27e9mation, there are detachments of Militia a considerable distance in the rear; composed in part, of those whose march was designe\u27e8d\u27e9 to be arrested. He adds, many of them are illy clad. This being the case, it appears to me, that an expence, without an equivalent advantage, would result from bringing them forward; and that the cloaths which they must draw to fit them for service would actually be thrown away.\n        Under this view of the matter, and a full persuation that the Army which is alr\u27e8ea\u27e9dy advanced, is more than competent to an\u27e8y\u27e9 opposition that can be given by the Insurgent\u27e8s\u27e9 I request that you would advise with Governors Mifflin & Howell (after receiving the f\u27e8ul\u27e9lest information from Mentges) and cause all, which in your opinions cannot be up in time; all who are inadequately cloathed in the rear\u2014[(]and in a word, all who do not upon mature consideration of circumstances appear to be essential) to return, that the Country may not be unnecessarily burthened with the cloathing, pay and rations of them.\n        Open all letters of a public natu\u27e8re\u27e9 which may come to the Army addressed to \u27e8me\u27e9\u2014and such as are in the Military line a\u27e8nd\u27e9 relating to the business you are upon, t\u27e8urn\u27e9 over to the Commanding General. I am\u2014&ca &ca\n          Go: W\u27e8as\u27e9h\u27e8ington\u27e9", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0066-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 21 October 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          I have the honor to transmit you, enclosed, the copy of another letter just received from Colonel Pickering, dated the 8th instant. I am, with the highest respect, Sir, Your most obt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0067", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 21 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 21. 1794\n        A New York paper of yesterday declares in the most express terms, that the British instruction of the 8th of June 1793, so far as relates to the carrying of corn, meal and Flour to France, is revoked. It comes in such a shape, that I believe it; and we may hourly expect something on that head. You recollect, that this was the first order, which bore upon the United States, and is the same, upon which Mr Pinckney, Mr Hammond and myself kept up a controvery. If it be true, it is a very pleasant indication.\n        By a letter from Baltimore, which was shewn to me this morning, it appears, that Colo. Monroe arrived in France, during the first week in August; and the fall of Robespierre is put beyond every possibility of question. The time of his arrival renders it impossible for him to be associated with Robespierrian\npolitics. I have the honor sir, to be with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0070", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 22 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 22. 1794. 12 o\u2019clock.\n        The merchants have not yet made their report, as to the appointment of an agent.\n        I cannot account for not receiving letters from Colo. Monroe by the return of the vessel, which carried him. I flatter myself still, that the Southern mail of tomorrow may bring some from Baltimore, where she arrived.\n        William Mclung has refused to accept his commission, as attorney for the district of Kentucky. I suspect, that we must see some turn in the minds of the people there, before any body will venture upon an office, which will be chiefly conversant in the excise penalties. Colo. Innes may perhaps be charged with\nadvantage to explore the subject of excise also. He was on the 14th instant at Williamsburg and probably on his way to take a boat up the bay. I have had no letter from him for a considerable time. I have the honor to be sir with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0071", "content": "Title: To George Washington from David Redick, 22 October 1794\nFrom: Redick, David\nTo: Washington, George\n          Washington [Pa.] Octobr 22d 1794\n        Since my arrival from Carlisle I have been waited on for news, by great numbers of people of various opinions and Spirits; and am Constrained from a Sense of duty to inform you Sir that I have not discovered that Contrition for past crimes which the inormity of them and the danger approaching ought to have produced\u2014fear however, has opporated on many\u2014Some have departed the country others appear still hardned against any sense of danger what effect the proposed meeting will have on friday Next I know not\u2014the President will be early informed. I am Sorry to acknowledge my hopes are less Sanguine than they were Some days ago\u2014I am Sir with profound respect your most obt Sert\n          David Redick", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0072", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 23 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Bedford [Pa.] October 23. 1794\n        Col. Mentges delivered me your letter from Hartley\u2019s\u2014Upon interrogating him, I do not find that there are more than two detachments of Militia on the way\u2014one of New Jersey which by his account is likely to be pretty far advanced of Carlisle\u2014& the other of Pensylvania from Allen Town, about fifty or sixty, more in arrear. Mentges is not very perspicuous which may have led you to a different apprehension. I found Governor Howel anxious that the Jersey Detachment which is so near at hand should be permitted to come up so as to make it difficult to urge their return. That from Pensylvania will I hope be arrested. If the Jersey Men should not arrive tomorrow it may be adviseable to halt them at Bedford, till the column gets through the mountains & then if pacific appearances continue send them back.\n        The advanced corps moved this morning. The main body will move tomorrow.\n        Nothing new has occurred. With the truest respect & attachment I have the honor to be Sir Your obed. servant\n          A. Hamilton\n          P.S. No doubt the measures taken \u27e8re\u27e9specting Clarkes \u27e8e\u27e9ncroachment on the Indians \u27e8mutilated\u27e9 the issue will be noticed \u27e8t\u27e9o Congress. Together with other events it will serve to give great credit to the Govert.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0073", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 23 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Private\n          Philadelphia October 23. 1794 12 o\u2019clock\n        The letter from Dr Edwards, which I have the honor of inclosing, is remarkable; as it comes from a man, who has been always considered, as being associated in what are called the Blue-Stocking politics of Pennsylvania. The letter, to which he alludes from Mr Jay, is on the 31st of July, and the original had been long ago received.\n        A Jersey paper of Yesterday contains the second number of a series of discourses, called the Crisis; in which is this passage addressed to the President. \u201cIt may not be disagreeable to your excellency to hear, that your proclamation of the 25th ulto (September) for the suppression of the spirit of insurgency, as well as for an expression of your intire satisfaction in the patriotic alacrity with which the militia summoned have taken the field, is peculiarly acceptable to all friends to good government and the laws. They are also happy to recognize in the first officer of State those invaluable properties of moderation and firmness, which were formerly so conspicuous in the field.\u201d I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect and affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0075", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 25 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Berlin [Pa.] 3d days MarchOctober 25. 1794 7 oClock in the Evening\n        We arrived here this afternoon. A very heavy rain has rendered the march extremely arduous and distressing; but we find here much better shelter than was foreseen. Our baggage & stores are just beginning to arrive\u2014The Jersey line & Brigade of Cavalry took the right hand road about five miles back.\n        Tomorrow we shall continue our march & I hope that we shall conform to the general arrangement though we must shorten tomorrows march & lengthen that of the day following.\n        The troops have shewn all the patience that could have been expected. In short I perceive nothing amiss.\n        Bradford & Fulton it is said are gone off. By tracing time, it is not probable they were at all influenced by the arrest of Husbands & Philson. with the highest respect & truest attachment I have the honor to be sir Your obed. ser.\n          A. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0076", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 25 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 25. 1794\n        In consequence of Mr Dandridge\u2019s letter of the 20th instant from Bedford, the daily expresses are discontinued, and one is to go to the army only every other day.\n        I should not have written now, but to inform you, that I shall have the draught in sufficient forwardness on your return; having made progress in it. Indeed if I knew your sense as to the matter, which you approve to be inserted, it would be complete for revision in a few hours. Shall I therefore beg the favor of you to let the express return immediately from the point, where he shall meet you, with the heads, which I sent you, marked with a pencil, indicating your pleasure as to them I expect that this letter will reach Carlisle to morrow evening, when I think you will be there. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest respect, and affectionate attachment yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0078", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 26 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n        The very late arrival of the waggons the injury to a number of them & the dispersed situation of the troops render it impracticable to leave this place today as was inten[d]ed\u2014But the baggage & stores go forward & tomorrow the troops must move\u2014I apprehend no material derangement of the general plan. An express has been dispatched to Governor Lee advising him of the state of things here.\n        Nothing from the Western Country. With the greatest respect & attachment I have the honor to be sir Your Obed. ser.\n          A. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0079", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Peter Trenor, 26 October 1794\nFrom: Trenor, Peter\nTo: Washington, George\n          Dublin [Ireland] 26th Octr 1794 32 Abbey St.\n        I take the Liberty of annexing you Duplicate of what I had the Honour of writing your Excellency 9 May last\u2014As Mr Pollock is at so great a distance from Mount Vernon & Philadelphia, he thinks \u2019tis my best mode to Employ a friend either in Baltimore or Philadelphia to wait on your Excellency\u2014in consequence, have desired Mr Pollock to hand over all the Papers relative to Mrs. savages affairs to Mr David McCormick of Philadelphia with a Power of Attorney from him to Mr McCormick.\n        I shan\u2019t say further to your Excellency at present, than requesting a Speedy reply to Mr McCormick. having the Honour to be your Excellencys Obedt Hble St\n          Peter Trenor", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0080", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Israel Shreve, 27 October 1794\nFrom: Shreve, Israel\nTo: Washington, George\n          Washingtons Bottom [Pa.] 27th October 1794\n        Your Letter of the 28th of July Last came duly to hand but the Alarming troubles that for some time past Existed here prevented me from Acknowledging the receipt of it untill now, Numbers of us who have not been conserned in the Late riots, being freequantly threatened with tar & feathers, Burnt out, Drove out of the Country, Or put to death If we would not join them, and hearing and Seeing Militia officers Exerciseing their Authority by Calling their Companys together to know whether they were\nfirm to Stand Out against Goverment, Raiseing Liberty poles and even justices of the peace assisting In Exciteing the Ignorent to Acts of Treason, Ministers of the Gosple Accompanying their hearers to Bradocks field, Serveing on Committees &c., &c., kept me from determining what to do, untill the aproach of the Army, which Caused the Liberty poles to fall, and a humble Countinance put on, whether real or not I cannot determine, I just hint those things as facts.\n        As there is a probability of peace being restored I beg Leave to make One more offer for the whole tract of Land whereon I Live If not already Sold, which is forty Shillings \u214c Acre, If your Excellency will Consent to Let me have It for that price I beleave I can make payments by takeing in partners, I have not been able to See or even hear from Mr Ross Since I receivd your Letter, have not heard of Its being Sold as no person has been to Vew It as I know of I rather think It is not Sold, I have never heard any person that knew It Say It was worth more than 40/. \u214c acre, I have rebuilt the mill but the dry weather in Somer and hard frost in Winter causes It to Stand Still So much that no great profits arises from It, It obliges the Neighbourhood I have Searched about the Mill for Oar but can only find it in Small Quantyties, I have not known any Land within this County where one hundred Acres or upwards have been Sold together for more than 60/. \u214c acre and that in two Instances near the Redstone old fort, I wish not to remove If I can with propriety stay the Spot where I Live Suites me as well as any I have Seen In the Country But part of the tract is thin Land and Valued at a Lowe Rate, I do not mean to undervalue the Land have only mentioned Some facts.\n        My Son John will Deliver this If he can, If It is Sold or that price Cannot be taken please to Send a Line or word by him If your Excellency should think the offer of 40/. worthy Consideration my Son will call upon you on his return from New Jersey at which time probably you will be in Philadelphia, I Expect Mr Ross will also be at Philadelphia. I am with unfeigned Respect your Excellencys Most Obedient Sert\n          Israel Shreve", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0081", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 28 October 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia October 28. 1794\n        I do myself the honor of inclosing to you the first draught of the speech. In its arrangement and matter no change is intended by me, unless you should think proper to say something as to the too great ease of naturalization. The propriety of this is perhaps doubtful. However a note is made in the margin for your consideration.\n        The matter is compounded of the sketch sent me, and what occurred to myself.\n        As soon as you shall have decided as to the arrangement and matter, I will write the paper over again; when I shall correct and polish; and endeavour to give it the coat of armour, which will withstand criticism. I have the honor to be, sir, with the highest respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0084", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 30 October 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n        Be pleased to Submit to the President of the United States the enclosed letter from Genl Blount, of the 2d instant, containing the account of the destruction of two of the lower cherokee Towns. I am Yours respectfully", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0085", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 31 October 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n          Philadelphia 31st Octr 1794.\n        By pushing through the rain (which fell more or less on Saturday, Sunday and Monday) I arrived in this City before noon on Tuesday; without encountering any accident on the road, or any thing so unpleasant as the badness of the ways, after the rains had softened the earth and made them susceptible of deep impression, of the Wheels.\n        How you passed through the Glades after the various accounts we had received of them, in such wet weather, I am at a loss to conjecture; but am extremely anxious to know; as I also am to learn the operations of the army, and the state & condition of it, since.\n        Nothing important, or new has been lately received from our Ministers abroad; and although accounts from London to the first of September, & from Ireland of still later date have been inserted in the Gazettes, they are not precise enough to be detailed in a letter. In general however, the French continue to be successful by land, and it might be added by Sea also, for they are capturing a great number of British merchantmen: Nor does the fate of Robespierre seem to have given more than a momentary stagnation to their affairs. The Armies rejoice at it, and the people are congratulating one another on the occasion.\n        Mr Monroe is arrived in France and has had his reception in the midst of the Convention, at Paris, but no letter has been received from him.\n        Few members have yet come to town. Tomorrow I presume will bring many. The papers say Mr Trumbull is elected to the Senate, in the room of Mr Mitchell who has resigned; but who has, or will, supply his place in the other house is not mentioned.\n        Husbands and the other prisoners were safely lodged in this City on Wednesday afternoon. Press the Governors &ca to be\npointed in ordering the Officers under their respective commands, to march back with their respective Corps; and to see that the Inhabitants meet with no disgraceful insults, or injuries from them. The Secretary of War will, I expect, say something respecting the deposit of the Arms & public stores in proper places\u2014to him therefore I shall refer.\n        Mrs Hamilton & your family were very well yesterday afternoon. Your letter of the 23d has been recd. I am always\u2014and Affectly Yours\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0086", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 31 October 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Camp 1\u00bd Miles beyond Cherrys Mill [Pa.]October 31 1794\n        The New Jersey Infantry and Brigade of Cavalry are at this place\u2014The Pensylvania Infantry will be here this Evening\u2014The light Corps is advanced about two Miles. No official account, since that heretofore communicated has come from the left wing\u2014But a person who came from Union-Town yesterday informs, that Morgan with the advance was there\u2014the main body about twenty miles behind\u2014I propose in about an hour to set out for Union Town.\n        All announces trepidation & submission. The new commissioners have been with Governor Mifflin charged with new declarations by townships, batalions of Militia &c. of a disposition\nto obey the laws\u2014The impression is certainly for the present strong but it will be stronger & more permanent by what is to follow. It does not appear that any great number have fled. With the truest respect & attachment I have the honor to be Sir Your obed. servant\n          A. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0088", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 1\u20134 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Jay, John\n          My dear Sir,\n          Philadelphia Novr 1st[\u20134] 1794.\n        On tuesday last I returned from my tour to the westward; on monday, Congress, by adjournment, are to meet; and on the day following, Mr Bayard, according to his present expectation, is to leave this city for London.\n        Thus circumstanced (having so little time between my return, and the opening of the Session, to examine papers, and to prepare my communications for the legislature) you will readily perceive that my present address to you must be hurried; at the sametime, my friendship & regard for you, would not let an opportunity, so good as the one afforded by Mr Bayard, pass without some testimony of my remembrance of you; and an acknowledgment of the receipt of your private letters to me, dated the 23d of June, 21st of July, and 5th & 11th of August. These\ncomprehend all the letters I have received from you since your arrival in England, to the present date.\n        That of the 5th of August, dawns more favorably upon the success of your mission than any that had preceeded it; and for the honor, dignity and interest of this Country; for your own reputation and glory; and for the peculiar pleasure and satisfaction I should derive from it, as well on private, as on public considerations, no man more ardently wishes you complete success than I do. But as you have observed in some of your letters, that it is hardly possible in the early stages of a negociation to foresee all the results, so much depending upon fortuitous circumstances, and incidents wch are not within our controul; so, to deserve success, by employing the means with which we are possessed, to the best advantage, and trusting the rest to the All wise Disposer; is all that an enlightened public, and the virtuous & well disposed part of the community can reasonably expect\u2014nor in this, will they, I am sure, be disappointed. Against the malignancy of the discontented\u2014the turbulent\u2014and the vicious, no abilities; no exertions; nor the most unshaken integrity are any safeguard.\n        As far as depends upon the Executive, measures prepartatory for the worst, while it hopes for the best, will be pursued; and I shall endeavor to keep things in statu quo until your negociation assumes a more decisive form; which I hope will soon be the case, as there are many hot-heads, & impetuous spirits among us, who with difficulty, can be kept within bounds. This, however, ought not to precipitate your conduct; for as it has been observed, there is a \u201ctide in human affairs\u201d which ought to be watched; and because I believe all who are acquainted with you, will readily concede, that considerations both public & private combine, to urge you to bring your mission to a close with as much celerity as the nature of it will admit.\n        As you have been, and will continue to be, fully informed by the Secretary of state of all transactions of a public nature, which relates to, or may have an influence on, the points of your mission; it would be unnecessary for me to touch upon any of them, in this letter, was it not for the presumption, that, the insurrection in the western counties of this State has excited much speculation, and a variety of opinions abroad; and will be represented differently according to the wishes of some, and the\nprejudices of others; who may exhibit it as an evidence of what has been predicted \u201cthat we are unable to govern ourselves.\u201d Under this view of the subject, I am happy in giving it to you as the general opinion, that this event having happened at the time it did, was fortunate, although it will be attended with considerable expence.\n        That the self-created Societies, which have spread themselves over this country, have been labouring incessently to sow the seeds of distrust, jealousy, and, of course discontent; thereby hoping to effect some revolution in the government, is not unknown to you. That they have been the fomenters of the western disturbances, admits of no doubt in the mind of any one, who will examine their conduct; but fortunately, they precipitated a crisis for wch they were not prepared; and thereby have unfolded views which will, I trust, effectuate their annihilation sooner than it might otherwise have happened; at the sametime that it has afforded an occasion, for the people of this country, to shew their abhorrence of the result; and their attachment to the Constitution and the laws: for I believe that five times the number of Militia that was required, would have come forward, if it had been necessary, in support of them.\n        The spirit which blazed out on this occasion, as soon as the object was fully understood, and the lenient measures of the government were made known to the people, deserve to be communicated: for there are instances of General Officers, going at the head of a single troop, & light companies; of field Officers, when they came to the places of rendezvous & found no command for them in that grade, turning into the ranks, & proceeding as private soldiers, under their own Captains. and of numbers, possessing the first fortunes in the country, standing in the ranks as private men, and marching day by day with their knapsacks & haversacks at their backs; sleeping on straw, with a single blanket in a soldiers tent, during the frosty nights we have had, by way of example to others. nay more of many young Quakers (not discouraged by the Elders) of the first families, characters & properties, having turned into the ranks, and are marching with the Troops.\n        These things have terrified the Insurgents, who had no conception that such a spirit prevailed; but while the thunder only rumbled at a distance, were boasting of their strength, and\nwishing for, & threatning the militia, by turns; intimating, that the arms they should take from them, would soon become a magazine in their hands. Their language is much changed indeed, but their principles want correction.\n        I shall be more prolix in my Speech to Congress on the commencement, & progress of this insurrection than is usual in such an instrument; or than I should have been on any other occasion: but, as numbers (at home and abroad) will hear of the insurrection, and will read the Speech that may know nothing of the documents to which it might refer, I conceived it would be better to encounter the charge of prolixity, by giving a cursory detail of facts (that would shew the prominent features of the thing) than to let it go naked into the world, to be dressed up according to the fancy, or inclination of the readers, or the policy of our enemies.\n        I write nothing in answer to the letter of Mr Wangenheim (enclosed by you to me)\u2014Were I to enter into corrispondencies of that sort (admitting their was no impropriety in the measure) I should be unable to attend to my ordinary duties. I have established it as a maxim, neither to envite, nor to discourage emigrants. My opinion is, that they will come hither as fast as the true interest & policy of the United States will be benefited by foreign population. I believe many of these, as Mr Wangenheim relates, have been, and I fear will continue to be, imposed upon by Speculators in land, and other things. But I know of no prevention but caution\u2014nor any remedy except the laws. Nor is military, or other employment so easy to obtain, as foreigners conceive, in a country where offices, and the seekers of them, bear no proportion to each other. With sincere esteem & great regd I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Affecte Servant\n          Go: Washington\n          P.S. Your corrispondence with New York is, I am persuaded, too regular and constant to leave you in any doubt as to the health of Mrs Jay. Yet, as I was told yesterday by Mr King that she, & all your family were well\u2014I chose to mention it.\n          For want of a Senate, Congress have not yet proceeded to business.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0089", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 2 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n          Mr Pearce,\n          Philadelphia Novr 2d 1794.\n        I have had neither leizure for, nor opportunity of, writing to you since I did it from Carlisle, \u2019till my return to this place; which happened on Tuesday last. In the meantime I have received your several letters of the 28th of Septr\u2014and 5th 17th and 23d of last month.\n        As the accident I met with in June last, prevented my riding about my farms when I was last at home, I should have been very glad to have made another visit to it in the course of last month; knowing if I did not do it then, It would not be in my power to do it before April; as Congress will, more than probably, set till March & the roads during that month will be in no condition to travel. The perfect confidence however which I place in your care, judgment and integrity; makes me quite easy under the disappointment; which I should not have been if my affairs were in the hands of a person of whom I did not entertain the same favorable opinion. By looking to the letters which, from time\nto time I have written you, and to the written details I gave you of my plans when you first entered on my business, you will, without any additional direction to them, in this place, see what my views are, & can be at no loss to carry them into effect the ensuing year. To introduce system, & a regular course of crops; to introduce grass where, & when proper; to make meadows, & hedges; to recover my fields from the exhausted, and gullied state in which many of them are; to improve my stock, and to get into a way of establishing large dairies, & turning that stock to profitable uses (which may be the case so near as my estate lyes to Alexandria, George Town, and the Federal City)\u2014and to make much Hay, which will always be in demand, and command a good price; are much more desirable objects with me than to push the best of my fields, out of their regular course, with a view to encrease the next, or any other year\u2019s crops of grain. I know full well that by picking & culling the fields I should be able, for a year or two, to make larger crops of grain, but I know also, that by so doing I shall, in a few years make nothing, & find my land ruined.\n        I am very sorry to hear of the loss of your daughter, but as it was an event long expected, you must have been prepared for the stroke. The country every where that I have been, or heard from, has been uncommonly sickly the past summer, & to the present moment. The ague & fever has been sorely felt where it was never known to be before, together with other complaints. The death of Paris is a loss, that of Jupiter the reverse.\n        You have not informed me in any of your letters, which have come to hand, whether you have engaged Pyne or any other for the Mansion house; or whether McKoy continues another year, or is to be replaced by any other. I did not expect much from James Donaldson as an overlooker of my Carpenters, when I engaged him; & for that reason observ\u2019d to you, that if my Nephew (Colo. Willm Washington of Westmoreland) should have engaged the man I wrote to him about, to keep both would be attended with no disadvantage; but I have not heard or received a syllable from my Nephew in answer to my letters\u2014hence I infer they never got to his hands; and the demand for workmen at the federal City is such, & their wages consequently so high, that if Donaldson as an overlooker should prove incompetent, I know not how, or where you will get supplied. If he understands what he professes\nto have been bred to, and is sober and industrious, he may prove a very useful man to me although he is unfit to have the care of my Carpenters. But what have you done with him, if Greens family still occupys the house? By my agreement with him, he is entitled to the use of that house, & Garden, & may consider it as a breach of contract to be deprived of it. What then is to be done with the other family. I cannot bear the thought of adding to the distress I know they must be in, by turning them adrift; and it would be as disagreeable to let them come into that part of the Green house adjoining the Shoemakers room; their habits are not good; & to mix them among the negros would be attended with many evils as it respected themselves; and no good as it respected me. It would be better therefore on all accounts if they were removed to some other place, even if was to pay the Rent; provided it was low\u2014or make some allowance towards it. Donaldson & family will get disgusted by living among the Negros, if he is still in the Green house.\n        I am glad to hear that your Fodder was got in good time, and that there was a good deal of it; also that your Corn is likely to yield well from the gathering you have made of it. It is to be regretted that your last sown Wheat looks so indifferently, especially the fallow field at Dogue run. Get all the Buck Wheat out of the Straw as soon as you can, & put it away securely; letting me know the quantity. The Straw will, I presume, make good litter.\n        I am very sorry to hear that the fly is getting into the Wheat. This make\u27e8s\u27e9 it necessary to get it out of the straw as quick as possible, and either to grind it into flour\u2014or sell it in the grain as soon as possible. To know which of these is most for my benefit, order a hundred bushels of neither your best nor worst wheat to be sent to the Mill, cleaned as it would & ought to be, for Sale. Let this hundred bushels be sent to the Mill and manufactured; then see whether the different articles which is made from it, at the Alexandria prices, with the Bran &ca justly rated, is worth, or would fetch more than the unground Wheat at the same market. If it does not, I encounter all the waste the trouble & expence of the manufactory to a loss. I have requested this experiment several times to be made by your predecessors in my business, but never could get it satisfactorily made, and have strong reasons for believing that my Wheat, for several years back, would have sold for more than the flour of all sorts, with the addition of the\nbran, shorts & talings. The fact, with respect to the last crop, you \u27e8m\u27e9ay, I conceive, ascertain with certainty, by having recourse to the Mill books; these will, or ought, to Shew, all the Wheat that had been received, & all the flour & other Articles which had been delivered. rating then the different sorts of flour (sold & used) at what it actually fetched, & fixing a proper price on the Bran & shorts, with some allowance for the talings, gives you the total amount of the Wheat after it is manufactured. then see what the whole quantity of Wheat which the Mill had received, would amount to, at what would be deemed the currt, or medium price of Wheat at Alexandria last season; this would give you the aggregate amount in both cases, & shew the difference of the two, upon a large scale.\n        Are all the Cabbins, as well as the Quarters at Union farm, fixed in the lane opposite to the Overseers house? I fear the season is too late to go into fresh daubed Cabbins. I am Your friend &ca\n          Go: Washington\n          P.S. By not hearing fro\u27e8m\u27e9 you yesterday I \u27e8pr\u27e9esume you were on th\u27e8e Ea\u27e9stern shore.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0091", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 3 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Cherrys Mill [Pa.] Novr 3d 1794\n        I have returned to this place from Union Town. A letter from Governor Lee which goes with this probably informs you of the plan of future operations\u2014but lest it should not I shall briefly state it\u2014The right wing is to take a position with its left towards Budds ferry & its right towards Greensburgh\u2014The left wing is to be posted between the Yocghagani & Monongalia with its left towards the latter & its right towards the former. Morgan with his command including the whole of the light corps & perhaps a part of the Brigade of Cavalry will go into Washington County\u2014It is not unlikely that in the course of the business a part of the troops will take a circuit by Pittsburgh\u2014for the more places they can appear in without loss of time the better.\n        In adopting this plan the circumstance of much delay in crossing & recrossing waters has weighed powerfully & the quiescent state of the Country renders the plan entirely safe\u2014Boats however will be collected on both waters to facilitate mutual communication & support.\n        I received the letter you was so good as to write me on the road with those that accompanied it.\n        The rainy weather continues with short intervals of clear\u2014The left wing has suffered from sickness but the right has been & continues remarkably healthy. The troops also continue to behave well\u2014A Court Martial sits to day to try one or two riotous fellows & one or two Marauders\u2014The appointment of it has checked the licentious corps. With the truest respect & attachment\u2014I have the honor to be Sir Your obed. ser.\n          A. Hamilton\n          P.S. Not many fugitives from Justice as yet.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0092", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 3 November 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          Department of War November 3d 1794\n        I have the honor to submit to your view an estimate of Goods which has been made out by James Seagrove the Agent for the Creeks. The only question in my mind on the subject of this estimate is its amount, and yet when the importance of conciliating the Creek Indians be considered as well as their numbers, I respectfully submit it as my opinion that the amount of the estimate be furnished him under such instructions as to the distribution as shall be dictated by a regard to \u0153conomy and the\npublic interests. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your most obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0093", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edward Newenham, c.3 November 1794\nFrom: Newenham, Edward\nTo: Washington, George\n        It is in my mind an Age since I had the Honor of a Letter from you\u2014I have often wrote by Different Conveyences\u2014I hope some have arrived Safe, to shew Your Excellency that my Personal Respect & Regard can only End with my Life.\n        In the present Critical Situation of Affairs in Europe, & respected America, I cannot Expect a Line of Politics or Even opinions from you, as the miscarriage or opening of Letters might be disagreable to you\u2014but in my Situation, I can Speak my Mind.\n        By Judgement\u2014by affection\u2014I have been & Shall Continue a Freind to the Liberties, Happiness, & Prosperity of the United States of North America, therefore I am much\u2014Very Much Alarmed at reading Extracts of Letters from America of Some Insurrections against the Decrees & Laws of Congress, & that their Political Saviour is once more to take the Feild, to save his Country; may Providence Protect you\u2014and may the Insurgents be soon Quelld, & Peace restord\u2014do these deluded People imagine that their Country can be protected, the Laws Supported, or give them their due Weight & Consequence in the opinion of other Nations, if they oppose, instead of Supporting, the Government, that gave them, & now wishes to Support, their Liberties\u2014Had you & your Fellow Soldiers given up the Contest against Great Brittain, these Settlers would have been a Subordinate Colony to Canada, & they would have been fixed as a forlorn Barrier\nbetween Canada & the Indians; their Dissentions will prevent the Growth & Encrease of your States, & as bad men are found in Every Country, I fear, they may find Men, weak & wicked Enough in the rest of the Continent to join them\u2014Should Such miscreants appear, I ardently Pray, that they may Suffer Instant Punishment\u2014there are wretches from these Kingdoms now Seeking an Asylum in America, who would join the Enemies of Good Government in your Country\u2014Watch them\u2014& make them instantly abandon your Country, for belive me, they never were freinds to you\u2014your Independance, or your Country\u2014they Pretended to be such, & only opposed the Government in Ireland, in order to make themselves of Sufficient Consequence to be bribd by Some Employment\u2014Such Men have been the Curse of this Country\u2014at this Awfull Crisis\u2014Men, the most, Inverate to the French Republic, appear its freinds & Supporters\u2014only to be bought off.\n        I have seen so much of this Duplicity in mankind, that I am doubtfull of most Men\u2014I had a high opinion, personal regard & public Respect for a few Members of the Irish Parliament\u2014one of these few (Mr Brownlow) died a few Days agoe\u2014he has left few Equals\u2014there Still remains 3 or 4, to whom I would give my Confidence.\n        a Son of mine who was Captain in the first National Guards at Marsailles, & who was a Sanguine freind to the first Revolution has been in this Kingdom these 9 Months; he was well Established in the Mercantile Line in France, but forfeited all, because he could not approve of Such Men as Robertspiere, he lost all the fortune (& which was the Utmost I Could give him) I Gave him & all he had acquired\u2014I flatter myself, that a Darling Daughter (married to Mr Folsch Consul for Sweden) is Still alive with her 5 Children at Marsailles\u2014but I have not heard of or from her these 9 Months; Being Married to a Swede, her Life may have been Saved amidst the Massacres\u2014Mr Jay has wrote to Marsailles to Enquire for her.\n        In this Kingdom, the present opposition Party, (who had been hitherto (Gratten excepted) the most Subservient Court Slaves) are now offering themselves at the Lowest Market Price, for the Nation have no dependance on, or Confidence in, them\u2014Government in both Kingdoms is as Strongly Supported, as any Government ever was\u2014it is astonishing the Number of Men,\nthat have been recruited here Since august 1793\u2014no Less than 57500\u2014our Number of Regiments of Foot on the united Establishment of both Kingdoms were only 77, the Number now is 119 besides all the Fensibles & County Corps, & the Militia of both Kingdoms\u2014the three Latter descriptions are not to Leave their respective Countries, almost all the rest are gone or going abroad\u2014by accident one Regiment of our Light Horse has been in Rome these 9 Months\u2014Lately I receivd a Letter from Italy giving an account of the Horse Sent by the King of Naples to his Brother of Sardinia\u2014the Horses so weak, that they could not go more than 2 miles an hour, & the Men not half trained, & badly Armed\u2014that their officers are ignorant Nobles incapable of disciplining a file of Men\u2014that Letter further States, that the French were at Least 58,000 Strong in that part of Italy that joins the State of Genoa, besides their Army in Piedmont\u2014that it is thought the Grand Duke of Tuscany will open Leghorn to them\u2014That Paoli is gaining the affections of all the Corsicans by the Mildness of his Government\u2014Corsica in the hands of the English may afford Protection to your Ships against the Barbary States.\n        all is Anxiety in England (at this moment) for the safe Arrival of 3 Sail of the Line expected from the Mediteranean, among them is the Commerce of Marsailles, & there is another Squadron of 3 ships of the Line expected with upwards of 100 Merchant Ships from all Parts of the Mediteranean\u2014much of the Credit of England depends on these two Grand Objects, as it is reported, that the Brest Fleet is out & 29 Sail of the Line in good order\u2014& the Chief Fleet of England is in Harbour; were the French to Capture these two Fleets, it would repay all the lost at Toulon, & also what they Lost with Lord Howe.\n        The Greatest Variety of weather, that my Memory can recollect, has occurred in this Kingdom within these 4 Months; it appears to me, that the seasons of Vegitation & the fall of the Leaf, are much altered since 1769\u2014This year has been abundant in Hay, Wheat & Potatoes, & Beef & Mutton & the Culls have been adequate; The Farmers are happy & pay their Rent in due Time\u2014a few years Peace, would have made this Island\u2014more flourishing\u2014more Wealthy & more Industrious\u2014but the war has impeded our progress\u2014Some Species of Fish have much deserted our Coasts\u2014the Turbot, the Soals & Haddock, but\nthe Herrings, Sprats & Macarell have Encreased, particularly Herrings.\n        At this moment I am in my Library\u2014Alone\u2014with my Bottle of Claret before me, Drinking your Health, which, in Every Change or Circumstance has been my most Ardent & fervant Prayer that you may Long Enjoy\u2014for years, I have laid Plans & regulations, for a few Weeks absence from this Island to pay my Sincere Respects at Mount Vernon but Law\u2014Cursed Law, has prevented me\u2014I am now Grown old, & by many accidents am not, as well as I might be from having a Good Constitution\u2014Public Meetings & Private Duels have much injured my bones & frame\u2014a Public Meeting, in which 373 fell through two floors (27 Killed & 95 wounded) Shook me much, as it opened former Wounds\u2014yet, thou Great and Respected Character, it is not impossible (if I live) that I may spend 6 Months at Mount Vernon\u2014if I can do so, I will\u2014and I shall consider it as the Grandest Period of a Long Life.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0094", "content": "Title: Testimonial for Jacob Baur, 4 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n          Philadelphia, Novem: 4 1794.\n        I hereby testif.\u2014that Jacob Baur has lived with me in this City, since christmas last past, in the quality of Valet de chambre and\nButler. that he has discharged the duties of the above [trusts] with fidelity, promptness and sobriety; and that in all respects he has demeaned himself so as to merit my approbation.\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0095", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Bryan Fairfax, 4 November 1794\nFrom: Fairfax, Bryan\nTo: Washington, George\n        I have received Your Favor with the Letters inclosed but I did not receive it till last Week, owing to my not knowing that there was a Letter for me in the Office till it had lain there some time, and I then being from Home did not get it immediately, nor for some days, thro\u2019 a mistake also on Accot of another Letter that had come to the Office for me in the mean time. And since, I have waited a little that I might inform You that I had sent the one inclosed for Mr Trenor; but upon different Enquiries being informed that there is no Vessel hereabouts going to Ireland, and Mr Herbert assuring me that he can get it put a Board a Vessel now at Baltimore about to sail there I have left the Letter with him.\n        I have not thought much of the trouble I have had abt Mrs Savages Business in comparison to the concern I have had in not being able to do any thing effectually in it. I have grown very forgetful, and some delays have arisen on that account, but yet small in comparison to the unavoidable delays that have happened. I have this comfort that I have done more in it than I Should have done had it been my own Business. Your Letter to Mr Trenor must be satisfactory to him, as far as he can be satisfied under a disappointment, as he will perceive the unavoidable difficulties that have arisen. That variety of disappointmts I have met with is uncommon. After being disappointed in my Intentions this last Spring both of calling upon Doctor Jones in Northumberland, and of going from Norfolk to Edenton I wrote to the Attorney Genl in North Carolina thro\u2019 the Medium of poor Mr Hipkins, and after some time when I was over the Ridge, I received an answer, promising to do what he could, after making the necessary Enquiries, and to inform me further about it. I paid I think\nfive Guineas and sent him the same Papers which I had before sent to Carolina, and which had been returned. From what little Information he had then been able to get, he seemed to think the Prospect of obtaining what we aim at is not very good. But I never received an Answer from Dr Jones.\n        I spoke to Colo. Simms at the last district Court at Dumfries. He thought the Suit vs Mr Mason might come on & the matter tried with respect to his Plea: & that the Suit in Carolina might with propriety go on.\n        Mrs Fairfax joins me in our Respects to You & Mrs Washington\u2014And I remain with much Esteem Dr Sir Yr obliged & Obedt St\n          Bryan Fairfax", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0097", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tench Coxe, 5 November 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Washington, George\n        Mr T. Coxe presents his most respectful compliments to General Washington and has the honor to request his acceptance of a recent publication concerning the Affairs of the United States. He begs leave to remark, that this work contains his reflected opinions upon many of the greater operations of this country & government. He trusts that the General will excuse this observation in the present season, when local & personal politics have occasioned the opinions and conduct of many to be for a time misunderstood by some, and perhaps misrepresented.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0098", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 5 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n          Philadelphia 5th Novr 1794\n        Since my last to you, I have received your several letters of the 25th 26th and 29th of last month, & am glad to hear that the Troops continued to be in good health & spirits, notwithstanding the bad weather & the Roads; and that further indications of submission were likely to be manifested by the Insurgents.\n        I have not received the rout of either column of the Army\u2014nor a copy of the order establishing them, issued on the day of my departure from Bedford.\n        Upon enquiry, I find that it was copies only, of Papers, that had been sent from the Secretary of State\u2019s Office, the originals being adjudge necessary for the Archives.\n        For want of a quorum in the Senate, Congress have not yet proceeded on business; and it is questionable, it seems whether it will make a house to day; five members being wanting for this purpose, yesterday afternoon.\n        Bache (as I expected) has opened his batteries upon your motives for remaining with the Army. As the papers (I presume) are sent to you, I shall not repeat them. Although there are some late arrivals, the Gazettes have not, as yet, announced any thing new.\n        Mrs Hamilton & your family were well yesterday. Mrs Schuyler and Son ( John) and daughter, are there, but talk of going away to day, or to morrow. I am\u2014Your Affecte\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0099", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 5 November 1794\nFrom: Lear, Tobias\nTo: Washington, George\n          My dear Sir,\n          Washington, November 5th 1794\n        A few weeks ago Mr William Bailey of this neighbourhood wished me to inform him, if I could, whether you had disposed of your lands on the Great & Little Kanawas & on the Ohio between these two Rivers, which he understood you were inclined to part with; and if you had not, he wished to know what you would be willing to take for them, as he and some others had\nit in contemplation to obtain lands in that quarter. I informed Mr Bailey that I beleived you had not disposed of them yet, but that I had reason to think you would have no objection to doing so provided the price and terms were made agreeable to your wishes; and mentioned further that you had once actually disposed of them @ two french Crowns per Acre; but from a noncompliance with the contract on the part of the purchaser the lands were again in your possession and the whole of that business cancell\u2019d. I further added that it was very doubtful whether you would now take that price for them.\n        Since that time Mr Bailey has said nothing more to me on the subject, until yesterday, when he informed me that he was going to Philadelphia, and would be thankful if I would mention to you the conversation we had had upon this matter, in order that it might introduce the subject to your mind; as it was his intention to see you upon it while in Philadelphia. I have accordingly done so, which I hope will be an apology for troubling you at this time. And permit me to add, my dear Sir, that if in this, or any other business, you should think it may be in my power to be useful to you, you will gratify me exceedingly by pointing out the way in which my best services can be exerted; for I trust you will beleive me when I say, that to promote your wishes or happiness would afford me the most sincere & heartfelt pleasure.\n        I was made very happy on learning that you had returned to Philadelphia in good health\u2014for the continuance of which, and for your happiness my earnest prayers are constantly offered. And in the course of next week I promise myself the happiness of seeing you in Philadelphia, as I think it probable I shall go on to New York on business at that time.\n        My best respects await Mrs Washington, and my love & best wishes Mr Dandridge and my young friends. With sentiments of the highest respect & gratitude, I have the honor to be my dear Sir, Your affectionate & sincere friend\n          Tobias Lear.\n          P.S. I trust to your goodness to pardon the roughness of this letter as Mr Bailey is going off & I have not time to copy it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0100", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 5 November 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Wednesday morning Novr 5. 1794\n        E. Randolph has the honor of informing the President, that Mr Taylor finished the copy last evening, and will this morning compare it with Mr Dandridge. After this examination by them, E.R. will be glad to examine the two copies with Mr Dandridge over again\u2014The senate were so far from a quorum yesterday, that there is no ground for expecting a house to-day.\n        Mr Izard and Mr Muhlenberg, both disapprove the style, in which the copies were received from the President at the opening of the last session. They consider it, as an accident produced by the good humoured blundering of Mr Otis; and will have every thing rectified for the present session.\n        Colo. Innes will have the honor of dining with the President to-day. He was dressed except as to shoes yesterday afternoon to wait upon him in the public room; but could not get a pair. E. Randolph respectfully requests the President to excuse him from dinner to-day, as the departure of the Ships will not leave him much time to prepare the letters, and encounter the constant interruptions from the current business of the day.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0101", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 6 November 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          Department of War, November 6 1794.\n        I have the honor to submit the information hitherto deficient of the evacuation of the Creek lands on the frontier of Georgia\u2014This is contained in Constant Freeman\u2019s letter of the 29th of September and the enclosures therein contained, which with his letter of the 12th October are herewith submitted. As soon as you have perused them, they shall be copied for Congress. I am Sir, with the highest respect, Your most obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0102", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 6 November 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Private\n          Philadelphia Novr 6. 1794.\n        The two copies are completed; and I pledge myself, that the transcribers are as silent on the contents as the grave.\n        Colo. Griffin tells me, that Parker and Blount are feeling the pulse of the members upon the article of expence, incurred by the late expedition. This circumstance enables me to say to you, without forcing an opportunity, that I am determined, let it cost what labour it may, to follow with answers all the observations of Mr Bache\u2019s correspondents on the matter of the Speech. I hold the present to be in some degree a new \u00e6ra in our government; and that if the measures, which you will impart to congress, be properly supported against misrepresentation, you will establish perfect tranquillity to the government: and (what to my private feelings is truly interesting) your administration will be found to have passed thro\u2019 a trying crisis with dignity. You will, I am sure, believe me, when I say, that the fame of him, who has so long been my patron, is more dear to me, than any connection with any other man. I am carried into this remark by foreseeing, that the fermentation of parties will be great during this session; and that I may not trouble you again with any thing personal, I will just add, that a review of your administration, which is all but finished, will appear, without some unforeseen impediment, soon after the rising of congress. With the most affectionate attachment & respect I have the honor, sir, to be yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0105", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 9 November 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Monday 2 o\u2019clock Novr 9. 1794\n        The Secretary of state has the honor of submitting to the President the translation of a letter, of this date from Mr Fauchet, and a proposed answer to him and a letter to Govr Clinton. If the President approves, it is wished to send Mr Fauchet\u2019s letter immediately\u2014The Messenger will accordingly wait.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0106", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 9 November 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n        The Secretary of state has the honor of informing the President, that, if his leisure will permit, the calls from the treasury department render a further number of Sea letters necessary.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0107", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Sinclair, 9 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Sinclair, John\n          Philadelphia Novr 9th 1794.\n        By Mr Bayard (a respectable young Gentleman of this City) who will have the honor of presenting this letter to you, I take the liberty of putting into your hands, a work, which only made its appearance a few days ago. \u201cA view of the United States of America in a series of Papers\u201d.\n        I have not read it yet, and therefore shall say nothing for, or\nagainst the merits of it further than that the author, is a man of intelligence and accuracy; and (being the Commissioner of our revenue) possessed the means of official information; which, of course, has enabled him to detail matters depending thereon, with truth & precision.\n        If the performance should afford you any satisfaction, or convey any information which was unknown to you before, it will give pleasure to Sir, Your most obedient & Very Hble Servt\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0108", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Arthur Young, 9 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Young, Arthur\n          Philadelphia Novr 9th 1794.\n        Your letter of the 2d of June, with the second edition of your travels; and two sets of the 19th 20th and 21st vols. of your Annals (one set of which I shall send to the Agricultural Society of this City) came to my hands a few days ago only. The letter alluded to therein, as being sent by some farmers\u2014whom you had the goodness to recommend to me, has not yet been received; nor had I, before, heard any thing of such men.\n        If the information which I have had it in my power to convey to you, respecting the climate, soil, agriculture and productions of the central states, has, in any degree, answered the end of your enquiries, or afforded you any satisfaction, the object I had in giving it, is fully accomplished; and my present situation, adds greater reluctance than heretofore, to see, or to know that any hastily written and indigested letters of mine, should be handed, with my name to them, to the public.\n        From not being so explicit as I ought to have been in my letter of  my intention, respecting the Negros which reside on my farms, did not sufficiently appear to you. It was not my meaning (if it was so understood) to make it a condition that they should be annexed as an appendage thereto. I had something better in view for them than that. To accomodate\u2014not to incumber the farmer, was the idea I meant to convey to you\u2014that is\u2014that he might, or might not as his inclination or interest\nshould dictate, hire them, as he would do any other labourers which his necessities wd require him to employ.\n        To acquire land in fee, is, I am persuaded, among, if not the first inducement to emigration to the United States and therefore, I never was sanguine in my expectation of obtaining tenants from England, for my lands, on the terms suggested in a former letter. I am satisfied however, that if the midling, & lower classes of your farmers were fully acquainted with the real difference in the taxes of the two countries, it would not be a secondary consideration. To illustrate this, I enclose you the publication of a very intelligent farmer, from the county of Essex in England (A Mr Lambert) who has lately established himself and family in this country\u2014given from his own actual experience.\n        I take the liberty also of sending you \u201cA view of the United States of America, in a series of Papers\u201d by Tench Coxe, the Commissioner of our revenue. It is a new work just from the press, which I have not yet read; but as it is the production of an intelligent & accurate man, possessing official information in all matters of a fiscal nature\u2014of the population\u2014navigation\u2014wealth\u2014and resour[c]es of the country\u2014you will find more than conjectural accounts and misrepresentation in it although it may be deficient in things interesting, or amusing to foreigners.\n        I am much obliged by the books you have sent me, and thank you sincerely for the kind offer, of rendering me any other services in your power. With great esteem & regard I am\u2014Sir Yr Obedt Servt\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0109", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Mathurin-Michel Amoureux, 10 November 1794\nFrom: Amoureux, Mathurin-Michel\nTo: Washington, George\n          Georgetown [D.C.] 10th November 1794\n        With a view to be useful to this my adoptive Country, I have publish\u2019d a Short treatise on the culture of the wine-grapes, of which I take the liberty to Send you a copy, wishing that it may prove acceptable to you. whilst in france I had Selected notes on this Subject, & waited for their reception before I would publish this treatise; but the vessel, on board of which my papers & Cloths were Shipp\u2019d, being lost, I have not been able, I believe, to enter into as many particulars, as I could have done, had I received these notes. nevertheless I am persuaded that, by paying a proper attention to the general directions, which this treatise Contains, and from the experience he will Soon acquire, the vine-planter can hardly fail of Succeeding. it is not meant however, that this culture Should be preferred to that of the wheat, & other useful grains; but I think at Same time that a proprietor can not make a better use of that part of his land, which he generally leaves uncultivated, on account of its not being fit to produce grain, nor luxuriant grass. when I mentioned to Some planters of Virginia my intentions of publishing Such a treatise, they remark\u2019d that Several europeans had attempted the cultivation of european wine grapes without Success; but I am persuaded that their failing in this was owing to nothing else, but to a want of proper attention & management; I intend my Self to join the example to the precept, as Soon as I am So fortunate as to See my wife & children over to this happy Country. I am with respect sir\n          M: Amoureux", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0110", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 11 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Rostraver Township [Pa.] November 11. 1794\n        I have the honor of your note of the 5 instant.\n        Tomorrow the measures for apprehending persons & seizing stills will be carried into effect\u2014I hope there will be found characters fit for examples & who can be made so\u2014Col. Hamilton Sheriff is now at our quarters come to make a voluntary surrender of himself\u2014It is not yet certain how much can be proved against him; but otherwise he is a very fit subject.\n        I observe what Mr Bache is about\u2014But I am the more indifferent to it as the experience has proved to me (however it may be in ways which I could not allege in my justification) that my presence in this quarter was in several respects not useless\u2014And it is long since I have learnt to hold popular opinion of no value\u2014I hope to derive from the esteem of the discerning and an internal consciousness of zealous endeavours for the public good the reward of those endeavours.\n        I propose, if no urgent reason to the contrary occurs, to leave this country for Philadelphia about the 15th instant and I shall lose no time in reaching it. Mean while I trust the business of my department will suffer no injury from my absence.\n        Before I go I will try to see that a good arrangement is made with regard to arms stores &c. with true respect & affectionate attachment I have the honor to be Sir Your obed. ser.\n          Alex. Hamilton\n          P.S. Poor Lenox has been on the torture so long & has lately received such unpleasant accounts that we have all advised him to return to Philadelphia.\n          The substitutes devised will guard against injury to the service. Intelligence having been received of some of the insurgents\nhaving embodied about Beaver Creek a plan is laid provisionally for giving them a stroke\u2014the execution of which will be speedily attempted if nothing to the contrary occurs.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0111", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 11 November 1794\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Mount vernon Novr 11th 1794\n        I Received your letter of the 2nd Int. The Reason you have not had the weekly reports Sent forward as Usial I have been to the Eastern shore of Maryland and was detained at the Ferrey by head winds both going & returning which kept me a way a few days longer than I Expected\u2014I was a way Just two weeks.\n        I am Sorrey it was not In your power to visit Mt vernon this fall and to have seen the Different crops on your Estate\u2014and the Situation of your Business here In General as I had flattered my Self you would not have been displeased after makeing allowance for The wetness of the Season by which much time was lost\u2014and the loss of time by Sickness that Continues even till this time, not only with the Negroes but all the Overseers Except Mr Stewart & he had a short spell\u2014Mr Butler has been once or twic sinc he was First taken to all appeare[n]ce In a maner well\u2014but he is now down again and Is Very Iill. This has preventd me from being so forward with my Business as I Could wish to be, but you will see the state of the Business by the reports\u2014we are going on with our Fall plouging and shall if the weather keeps good git all the Corn In in good time.\n        I will endeavour by every means In my power to fulfill ever\norder and execute all the different plans that you have laid down, to the best of my Judgment\u2014and as far as seasons & Circunstancs will admit of for I can truly say if I Can Give you Satisfaction In the Conducting your business I Can recive no Greater gratification My self.\n        as to the Stock they are but indiferent and it will take some time before they can be brought to be so profitable as they ought or before much Can be made by butter the pr[e]sent stock of Catle are too small and dwindleing to Give much milk\u2014and the sheep are Very Sickly and bad I Culled them at shearing time and have kept Them Constantly In the best pastures seperate From the rest & I have Tryed to sell them to The Butchers but they Could only Git a few that ware fit to kill and what to do with the rest I know not.\n        I beleve Mr pine meanes to disapoint me he came here some short time before I went to the Eastern shore and Told me That I might depend on him\u2014but that he had not time then to Enter In to a writen agreement and as to his wages he seemed to be willing he said to Leave that To my self\u2014and I have heard nothing of him Since So I must try to git some other person\u2014I could not git to the Eastern shore In Time Enough to Ingage overseers\u2014or Else I would not have kept McCay who I have agreed with for another year\u2014but it was because I did not see any chance of bettering my self.\n        Since I wrote you Respecting the last sowing of our Crop of wheat which at that Time Looked Very bad\u2014we have had some good rains and warm weather which has brought it on and it now Looks well & so does all most all the whole of the Crop sown this Fall and the gratest part I may say Looks fine The Crop of wheat that we Cut this year we have made but Very little more than we have sown Exept at river Farm and thare will only be some thing more than 500 Bushels and at Union Farm & Dogue Run none of any consequence It is not yet Measured\u2014thare was but little straw and it Turned out the worst I ever saw wheat In all my Life\u2014for from stacks that I Expected 60 Bushels we would not git more than 25 B.\u2014and the fly Is in all both old & new Very bad I will make the Tryal imeedely as you have directed.\n        I have been disopinted In the turn out of the B. wheat you will see from the reports of River & Union Farms what are made thare & at both Farms thare was a great groth of straw\u2014but it\nfell Down so Early that it Injured it what was made at Dogue Run Is not got out yet.\n        The Cabbins are puting up at union Farm but are not yet done\u2014I could have had the Quarter at Rive[r] Farm moved but several of the women who Live in it have had young children Lately and I must Let it reman Till spring.\n        James Donaldson from what I have seen of his work I think he is a good workman In his way\u2014and so far he apears to be Indutreous\u2014but if a good Carpenter Could be got who undersood his Business well and was a man of spirit I think It would be a good thing\u2014as I do not Think the Business can be carried on properly with out such a man to be Constantly with your Carpenters. Donaldson is still In the Green house as Mrs Green remains in her house yet I Let her know the Carpenter was to have That house and Let her know that if she Could git a house of a Low Rent you woud pay a part of it\u2014She said she would remove as soon as she could git a house and she said she had rather git one in Town but I advised her against that as rents are high In Town and fire wood Dear\u2014I told her I thought she had better try to git a house In the Country\u2014but I can not Tell what she Intends to do yet\u2014she seems to be in a bad state of health The Corn turns out well for the Land and we shall have a plentyfull crop and the potatoes you will see from the report has turnd Very well here and at river Farm for what they planted\u2014what are made at Dogue run Is not Measured yet\u2014but Davy has made a bad hand with his potatoes I am affraid he has suffered them to be made way with\u2014I have not had Time this week to send the Carpenters reports but I will send them forward next week. I am Sir with the Greatest Respect your Humble Sevt\n          William Pearce", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0113", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 15 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Town of Washington November 15. 1794.\n        I had the honor of writing to you three Days since by Mr Vaughan. Nothing material has since occurred; except that a number of persons have been apprehended. Twenty of them are in confinement at this place\u2014others have not yet arrived. Several of those in confinement are fit subjects for examples and it is probable from the evidence already collected & what is expected that enough for that purpose will be proved. The most conspicuous of these for character or crime are understood to be The\nReverend John Corbly, Col. Crawford, Col. John Hamilton, Thomas Sedgwick, David Lock, John Munn, John Laughery\u2014The evidence has not yet fixed the situation of Col. Hamilton.\n        A warrant has been sent after Col. Gaddis of Fayette another very fit subject but from the lapse of time I fear he has escaped.\n        The bad spirit is evidently not subdued. Information is just received that within the last three Days a Pole has been erected about 16\u00bd miles from this place on the road to Muddy creek\u2014measures are taking on the subject.\n        But it is more and more apparent that for some considerable time to come a military force in this Country is indispensable. I presume the temporary one meditated will be accomplished.\n        Tomorrow I leave this place for Pittsburgh. If nothing extraordinary happens I shall leave that place for Philadelphia on the 19th\u2014By that time every thing will have taken it\u2019s shape. with true respect & affect. attachment I have the honor to be Sir Your obed. Servant.\n          Alx. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0114", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 15 November 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n        I have the honor to submit to your consideration a draft of instructions for James Seagrove Agent to the Creeks.\n        And also a communication of the Comptrollers upon the subject of obtaining Salt petre. I am sir respectfully your Obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0115", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 16 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n          Philadelphia 16th Novr 1794.\n        By the Post of yesterday I received your letter of the 11th instt, with the Reports of the three preceeding weeks; (except those of the Carpenters). I did not write to you last week, not having heard from you by the two Posts before.\n        I am glad to hear that your Potatoes & Corn are likely to turn out well, & that the Wheat now in the ground looks promising. The last Crop of that article \u27e8acco\u27e9rding to your account is miserable \u27e8indeed\u27e9, and the Buck wheat not a great \u27e8deal be\u27e9tter. Of the latter, and of the Pota\u27e8toes, sav\u27e9e enough for Seed for next year. \u27e8It is mi\u27e9serable for a farmer to be obliged \u27e8to buy hi\u27e9s Seeds\u2014to exchange Seeds may, \u27e8in som\u27e9e cases, be useful; but to buy them \u27e8after\u27e9 the first year is disreputable.\n        Let me know from time to time, what prices Wheat & flour are at, in alexandria\u201412/6 for the first, pr Bushl; and \u00a33 pr Barl for the latter, are the value of them in this City, at pre\u27e8sent\u27e9.\n        The letter from Sally \u27e8Green to me\u27e9 is enclosed. I have no doubt \u27e8of her being\u27e9 in very distressed circumstances, a\u27e8nd am\u27e9 at a loss as to the best mode of affording her relief. That of going to Alexandria, is, I fear, a bad plan; altho\u2019, if she was able, & in earnest, to take in washing & sowing it would be the best stand for these\u2014What she means by keeping a shop, I am at a loss to understand; it is to be feared her shop wd be no more than a receptacle for stolen produce, by the Negros: Examine into this matter; and you may aid her i\u27e8n any\u27e9 thing that appears to you feasabl\u27e8e, to the\u27e9 amount of twenty pounds, in \u27e8the purchase\u27e9 of things, or on credit; but no\u27e8t by an advance\u27e9 in money, lest it should be \u27e8fooled away for\u27e9 unessential things which \u27e8she can do with\u27e9out, instead of being applie\u27e8d to her real\u27e9 wants, or in the purchase of \u27e8such things\u27e9 as may be turned to advantag\u27e8e. If she\u27e9 goes to town you may give her a bo\u27e8at load\u27e9 of Wood\u2014a little flour\u2014& some meat a\u27e8t\u27e9 killing time; besides what is usually allowed her father. If she goes there her eldest son may derive some benefit \u27e8from t\u27e9he charity school which is esta\u27e8blish\u27e9ed there at my expence.\n        If she has not yet decided on her plan, she ought to do it immediately; or at any rate, James Donaldson ought to go into the\nhouse she is in. I am sorry he did not do it at first\u2014that he might have been kept as seperate, and as distinct as possible from the Negros\u2014who want no encouragement to mix with, & become too familiar (for no good purposes) with these kind of people. I have often said, & I again repeat, that if you can get such a man as would, \u27e8in all\u27e9 points, be a fit superintendant of \u27e8my Car\u27e9penters, I would have you em\u27e8ploy him\u27e9; but this fitness ought to be \u27e8well asce\u27e9rtained\u2014otherwise, either from \u27e8a differ\u27e9ence of wages, or some other cause, \u27e8you m\u27e9ight discontent the man you \u27e8hav\u27e9e without deriving equivalent advantages from another.\n        I do not know, if you should have been disappointed by Pyne, whether the loss will be great, for the more I saw of him the less I liked him\u27e8, as he appear\u27e9ed to be more of a talker, th\u27e8an an Actor\u27e9.\n        I am glad to hear y\u27e8ou are pro\u27e9ceeding in your fall plowing\u2014\u27e8I hope it\u27e9 will be pushed vigorously, at all tim\u27e8es\u27e9 that the ground is in a good state for this work: And I am not less pleased to find you are cutting up the fallen timber. I earnestly recommend a continuance of this plan; either for Rails, where it will make them, or for fire wood; whenever your leizure will permit; as the waste which, heretofore, has been committed, all over my land, is sha\u27e8meful.\u27e9\n        What number of good h\u27e8ogs have\u27e9 you put up, or will be able \u27e8to put up\u27e9 this fall, for Porkers? T\u27e8he Bacon now\u27e9 on hand (with a small res\u27e8erve) may be\u27e9 disposed of, as it is not \u27e8within the bounds\u27e9 of probability that myself \u27e8or any part\u27e9 of my family, can be at M\u27e8ount Vernon\u27e9 before the next supply will b\u27e8e fit for use\u27e9\u2014and if the culled sheep, & other \u27e8mutilated\u27e9 stock cannot be sold, they had bette\u27e8r\u27e9 (rather than run the hazard of losing them) be salted for next harvest.\n        Mr Hawkins, one of the Senators from North Carolina, on his way to this place, left at Mr Lund Washington\u2019s in order to be sent to Mt Vernon, sundry cuttings of valuable Grape vines for me. The letter herewith enclosed, gives an account of them; and his manner of treating them. Let the Gardener see it; & after taking such accts of them as are necessary, return the letter to me again.\n        You proposed when I was last at home, to cultivate in Corn Rye, or something else, with a view of cleansing the ground, that\npart of the pasture at the Mansion house which lyes above the hill, adjoining the Wood, North, & No. Wt of the clover lot by the Quarter. To this I consented, but did not direct it, nor do I now direct it, leaving it to yourself to act from circumstances. I shall require however, if it is done, that a great many of the Trees be left standing (without regarding the injury the Crop may sustain by it, for that is only a secondary object)\u2014These may be single; or partly single & in clumps, or all clumps; according as from their present standing & appearance, it should be thought they would answer best. If clumps should be prepared\u2014let them be large ones, where they can be so; not less than from 50 to 100 feet in diameter. Let the transplanted clumps be made good this fall, & ensuing spring.\n        I will bring to your view, what I was about to do my self the fall before last, with the grounds adjoining to what has been just mentioned; that if it should strike you favorably, you may carry it into effect (but from which I was then diverted by the desire of employing the Muddy hole gang of hands in the Swamps at D. Run). It was, with that gang, to clear all the land which lyes between the Alexandria road & the pasture fence, from the white gates up to the little old field, for Corn; for that Plantation (muddy hole): instead of tending the worn out fields at that place; but to leave the Trees standing either in clumps, or singly, as they are in the adjoining part, through which the road passes. You will readily perceive that I had a threefold object in this plan; the first was, to open that ground like the adjoining; for ornament, and for the enlargement of the pasture; the 2d was, to avoid tending the worn out & gullied fields at Muddy hole; and the 3d, to have a stock of Wood for firing with as little carting as possible. I merely mention the thing at this time, that you may think of it; & see how far it can be made part of the other project, within the pasture fence; and that, if it should be thought well of, the field which otherwise wd come into corn at Muddy hole may lye over. part at least of the ground through which the road to the white gates pass, that has been cleared would also require cultivation to destroy the sprouts, grubs, &ca and to accomodate it better for pasture thereafter. I shall not enlarge, as it is enough to suggest the matter for consideration; & to see how it would comport with,\nor militate against, the general plan of business. I am sorry to hear that your people still continue sickly\u2014the complaint is general, and in many places mortal. I wish you well and am Your friend\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0116", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 17 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Pittsburgh November 17. 1794\n        I wrote to you two days since by express from Washington. The judiciary corps with m\u27e8y\u27e9 self arrived here last Evening. The list of prisoners has been very considerably increased, probably to the amount of 150 but it is not yet so digested as to be forwarded. Governor Lee just informs me that he has received a letter from Marietta advising him of the apprehending of John Holcroff the reputed Tom the Tinker & one Wright a notorious offender.\n        Subsequent intelligence shews that there is no regular assemblage of the fugitives where it is supposed\u2014there are only small vagrant parties in that quarter affording no point of Attack.\n        Every thing is urging on for the return of the troops. The engagement of a corps to remain here goes on, it is said, well. With perfect respect & true attachment I have the honor to be Sir Yr Obed. ser.\n          A. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0118-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 18 November 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          I have the honor to submit to your view a letter from Colonel Pickering dated the 28h ultimo and an enclosure, and also certain communications received from Lt Dinsmoor who left this city as the conductor and agent to the Cherokee nation of Indians. I am Sir with the highest respect your obdt Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0118-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Timothy Pickering to Henry Knox, 28 October 1794\nFrom: Pickering, Timothy\nTo: Knox, Henry\n            Kanandaigua Octr 28. 1794Evening.\n          Various accidents have retarded the business of the treaty\u2014among others, the death of two Oneida Chiefs\u2014they were very old men. And the appearance of William Johnson, the British interpreter, occasioned the loss of two days. As the Chiefs told me that he had come at their request, it seemed necessary, besides mentioning my orders to suffer no British agent to intrude, to give some reasons for his exclusion. These were satisfactory; and they concluded \u201cto shove him out of the Council.\u201d The next day he set off for Niagara.\n          He brought a verbal message from Captain Brant, who, with governor Simcoe, he said, arrived at fort Erie on Saturday the 18th instant, from the Westward. A copy of that message is inclosed, as reported by the Cornplanter, in presence of the Chiefs; with an extract of their answer to Brant. But notwithstanding their declaration that they shall insist on the line fixed in their agreement with the Lake Indians, I am persuaded they will abandon it. Of one thing I am well satisfied\u2014that they have no thought of war.\n          If there should be a strenuous opposition to such a settlement as we desire, I believe it will be made by the Cornplanter. The rude & threatening speech delivered by him last summer, from Buffaloe Creek, I am now told was displeasing to the principal Chiefs, altho\u2019 they suffered it to be sent to the President. It is not a new thing, I presume, for the majority of an Assembly silently to acquiesce in a measure repugnant to their sentiments. He was the only Chief who objected to the sending back of Johnson the British interpreter.\n          On my arrival here I found General Chapin indisposed with the jaundice. He has sensibly grown worse; and I am not without apprehensions for his safety. I have the honor to be &c\n            T. Pickering.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0120", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Pittsburgh November 19. 1794 7 o Clock in the Morng\n        I wrote you the day before yesterday by express. Nothing material remains to be said. The army is generally in motion homeward. the Virginia line by way of Morgan Town to Winchester &c. The Maryland by way of Union Town to Williamsport &c. The Pensylvania & New Jersey by the old Pensylvania route to Bedford\u2014The Judiciary is industrious in prosecuting the examinations of prisoners among whom there is a sufficient number of proper one for examples & with sufficient evidence\u2014Col. Gaddis has been brought in. With perfect respect & true attachment I have the honor yr obed. st\n          A. Hamilton\n          P.[S.] In five Minutes I set out for Philadelphia.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0121", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Jay, John\nTo: Washington, George\n        A Letter which I wrote to you on the 29 Octr last contained the following Paragraph vizt.\n        \u201cI am authorized by Lord Grenville to assure you in the most explicit Terms, that no Instructions to stimulate or promote Hostilities by the Indians against the United States, have been sent to the Kings officers in Canada\u2014I am preparing an official Representation to him on this Subject, and he will give me an official answer to it\u2014but as this cannot be done in Season to forward by this vessel (for Letters after this Day will be too late to go by her) his Lordship has permitted me to make this informal Communication to You, for your Satisfaction. I am to lay before him a Statement of the Evidence relative to the Interferences complained of, to the End that it may be sent to Canada, and strict Inquiry made into the Truth of the allegations and Facts in question.\u201d\n        my Time and thoughts have ever since continued to be so entirely engrossed by the Treaty (which is now concluded and was this Day signed) as that it really has not been in my power to finish and present this Representation.\n        As to the Treaty\u2014it must speake for itself\u2014a hasty Letter which I have written to Mr Randolph, contains some Remarks on a few of the articles in it\u2014that Letter is far from being so particular as I could wish\u2014but I cannot help it\u2014my whole Time has been employed\u2014to do more was not possible.\n        I wish I could accompany it, but I feel that I ought not to expose myself to the Severities of a Winter\u2019s Voyage\u2014I am exceedingly anxious to return, for altho\u2019 I have every other Reason to be satisfied with my Situation, yet I am not at Home.\n        I ought not to conceal from you that the Confidence reposed in your personal Character was visible and useful throughout the Negociation.\n        If there is not a good Disposition in the far greater Part of the Cabinet and Nation towards us, I am exceedingly mistaken\u2014I do not mean an ostensible and temporizing, but a real good\nDisposition\u2014I wish it may have a fair Tryal. with perfect Respect Esteem and Attachment I am Dear Sir your obliged and obt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0122", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Lee, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          Pittsburgh 19th Novr 94\n        Major Morgan who acted in capacity of aid de camp with me during the expedition placed under my direction will have the honor to present this letter. He is a most amiable youth & I am persuaded worthy of your polite attention. I beg leave therefore to solicit it in his behalf & to recommend him as perfectly qualified from the part he has taken with the army to give to you information on any points you may please to require. With the highest respect & attachment I have the honor to be always your most ob: sert\n          Henry Lee", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0123", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Monroe, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Washington, George\n        I had the pleasure some weeks past to receive your favor of the 25. of June and should have answered it sooner, had any safe private opportunity offered for Bordeaux from whence vessels most frequently sail for America. I called the evening after its receit\non Mr Morris, & put your letter for him into his hands so that he recd it unopened. He left this about the beginng of octr for Switzerland, from whence I understood he would probably proceed to Engld. His first intention was to have sailed from Havre to America, but this was afterwards declined and the latter rout preferred. As there was some delay in obtaining his passport & which gave him displeasure, and as I disliked from motives of delicacy to him to mention it in an official dispatch I take the liberty to communicate it to you. some weeks after my arrival, he intimated to me, that as it would take some time to pack up his baggage and he should in the interim be idle, he wished me to procure for him a passport from the Committee for the seat of John James Rosseau in Switzerland where he wod stay that time & return to take his departure. I did so. It was in reply suggested to me that he might chuse his rout to leave France, but that they did not like to permit him to go into Switzerland, where the emigrants (his connections) were, & return back into the republick: that indeed they were surprized he had made such a request. I was asked would I take the measure on myself; and in case any censure attended it, be responsible to the publick opinion? To this I replied that I had shewn Mr Morris my letter submitting it to the Committee, and that it would be more agreeable to him as well as myself it should proceed from them. Thus the matter rested for sometime; finally as Mr Morris pressed for a passport and complained much of the delay, and which I knew proceeded solely from an objection to his return, a circumstance I did not wish to mention to him, I found it indispensably necessary to send Mr Skipwith explicitly to ask whether he was anxious upon that point\u2014He had suspected this difficulty before and immediately agreed to abandon the idea. The form of the passport then became a question. It was notified to him that if he would take one from me, visited by the Commissary of foreign affrs, what depended on them shod be performed immediately. But he wished one from the Committee or the govt independantly of me, the latter being the ordinary mode in the case of private citizens, merchants & others travelling thro France. I was of opinion this shod be granted him & said so to the Commissary; I was equally so that the other mode shod have been quietly accepted by him or in other words that neither party should have made an object of the mode. I think it was Mr Morris\u2019s\nexpectation I should demand a passport in the form desired by him & risque whatever consequences might result from it; he did not ask this of me but it was to be inferred from what I heard him say on the subject. I was however resolved to embark on no such discussion and especially upon a point so unimportant in itself: the passport was of course granted by me & certified by the Commissary in the usual course and under whose protection he has safely passed beyond the bounds of the republick. I do not know that this incident will ever reach you thro\u2019 any other channel, but as it possibly may I have tho\u27e8t\u27e9 proper to state it to you correctly & according to my own knowledge.\n        The successes of this republick have been most astonishingly great in every quarter. In my letters to the Secry of State I have detailed the many victories gained and posts taken up to the 7th of this month: since which M\u00e6stricht has fallen with abt 300 cannon & 8. or 10.000 troops: for a considerable time past the combin\u2019d powers have been able only to retard the progress of the French by defending posts for ever since the battle of Fleury they have avoided, except when not to be avoided, a general action. and every post wh. the French have sat down before has yielded sooner than was expected. At present there appears to be nothing to impede their march to Amsterdam if they incline & of which there can be no doubt. Tis said the Prince of Orange has requested of the States General to overflow the country, & which is opposed & will probably be rejected. If the people rise & change the govt they will be treated with as a free people, and I am inclined to think no treaty will otherwise be made with them. In Spain their success has been equally great: great part of that country has been overrun and in truth it appears to me to be within their power even to march to Madrid if it was their wish. Tis said that a treaty has already been made with Prussia, but this I do not credit, not because it is not obtainable for I am convinc\u2019d it is, but because I do not think the Committee wod form a treaty without some hint of it to the Convention, & indeed their approbation. Spain and Austria both want peace & will I doubt not soon make one: and that Engld likewise wants it there can be no doubt. In short it appears to me unquestionable that France can command a peace from every power & upon her own terms. Engld alone can at present hesitate or talk of terms, and this she is enabled to do only by her fleet which may secure\nher from invasion: but I am inclined to think a storm is gathering over her more dangerous than any she has yet known: for I have reason to believe that Denmark and Sweden are ready to fall on her, and that Spain will be compelled to purchase her peace with France by uniting in a similar operation. a curious incident relative to this latter power has lately come to my knowledge, and which from the delicacy of the subject I shall put in cypher to the Secry of State, by wh. you will perceive how critically we are circumstanced in respect to that power, if she shod close with France upon terms of neutrality, being at liberty to unite with England in case of such an event in hostility against us.\n        Every consideration of expedience invites us in my judgment to a close union with our ally: and believe me I have done all in my power to promote this object. But I have had to contend with many difficulties of a serious nature & which still embarrass me to a certain degree. These I cannot hazard otherwise than in cypher tho\u2019 I would with pleasure did I know that my letter wod reach you unopened speak more confidentially than I can do in an official dispach. a new minister will leave this for America in a few days: I think the change a fortunate event, for I am persuaded the successor will see cause to doubt many of the communications heretofore given. I am told the successor is a cool well disposed & sensible man. within a few days past Nimeughen has also been taken, the hall of the Jacobin society shut up by the convention, & two members appointed by the Committee, by consent of the convention, whose names & offices are unknown\u2014some say the object is to treat with Prussia, Spain or the States genl or rather to accompany the army with power to treat with the people in case they rise\u2014others say tis to treat with Denmark & Sweden, whose agents are said to be incog: in town. Certain however it is the Committee asked for permission to appoint such persons under such circumstances & that it was granted. I found myself plac\u2019d here as you will readily concieve upon a theatre new & very difficult to act on. and what has increased my embarrassment has been the ignorance of the disposition of Engld towards us as well as of the U. States towards her. I have also been destitute of all kind of council except Mr Skipwith, & some is necessary in every situation. I have however acted as well as my judgment could dictate & I hope to yrs & the satisfaction of my countrymen in general.\nwith great respect & esteem I am Dear Sir yr most obt & very humble servant\n          Jas Monroe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0126", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Lund Washington, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Washington, Lund\n          Dear Lund,\n          Philadelphia Novr 19th 1794\n        I have sent money to Mr Pearce for the purpose of discharging & taking in my Bond.\n        On my Books, kept in my absence from Mount Vernon by my de\u27e8ceas\u27e9ed nephew Geo. A. Washington, were articles charged to you as pr the acct No. 1 enclosed amounting to \u00a3\u27e818.18.8\u27e9\u2014The cash payments in discharge of the Bond are cont\u27e8ain\u27e9ed \u27e8in\u27e9 the acct marked No. 2.\n        On the first, as it was an open acct, no interest is charged, but on the several payments in the second account interest is charged from the dates thereof to the 2d of October last\u2014and the bond is credited for the same from its date up to that period also. This was the way in which my long & complexed, & perplexed accounts, with Colo. Jno. Mercer were settled\u2014according to the opinion of the then Attorney Genl of the United States\u2014Mr Randolph.\n        The reason why the interest account was settled up to the 2d of Octr only, is, that having provided the money in September for taking up my bond I calculated the interest to that period to avoid odd days; intending\u2014and indeed not doubting, that I should have got the money to you by that day\u2014but the Ins\u27e8ur\u27e9rection, & my preparation (about that time) to move to the Westward diverted my attention from this object\u2014It may, however, be paid up to the present ti\u27e8me\u27e9 if you require it, notwithstanding th\u27e8e\u27e9 money has lain by me ever since, f\u27e8or\u27e9 the Sole purpose of discharging this \u27e8debt.\u27e9\n        If you have any acct against me, unpaid, for Smiths work, let it be aded to, and discharged at the samet\u27e8ime\u27e9 that the whole may be closed as I w\u27e8ant\u27e9 to have all my affairs settled.\n        I wish I could have heard \u27e8that\u27e9 your sight, as well as your health, w\u27e8as\u27e9 better, from Doctr Tate. My best regards in which Mrs Washington un\u27e8ites,\u27e9 attend you both\u2014And I am Yr Affecte friend\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0127", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Charles Laure MacMahon, 20 November 1794\nFrom: MacMahon, Charles Laure\nTo: Washington, George\n          DuplicateGeneral\n          Norwich in Norfolk Englandthe 20th November 1794.\n        I venture to take the liberty to address your Excellency after the Goodness & the Kindness you show\u2019d me on every occasion during my continuance in America.\n        When I had the honor to be introduced to you as Aid de Camp of M[arqu]is La Fayette by the late unhappy Duke de Lauzun, you then permitted me to serve in the French Army & to remain with the Duke for the arrival of the Mis La Fayette, who at last did not come, but was sent to Gibraltar. Nevertheless I hope Your Excellency will recollect me, and that the last time I had the honor to pay my respects to you, was in your baracked Camp on the banks of the North river when I was sent to Boston & Portsmouth by General Rochambeau purposely to hinder the Sailing of the French fleet to pensacola, in order to effectuate a Junction with the Spanish fleet &ca.\n        Happier in my Escape from France than the poor Mis. La Fayette I came directly to England, in the County of Norfolk, where the Farmers are reckoned the most Skillful and the most industrious of all England: I thought that I could not employ better the time of my Exile, and more according to the principles of the Order of Ciincinnatus, till the worthy Mis la Fayette Should be relaxed from his odious prison: but seeing the unsucesful\nproceedings for that purpose by the Ambassador of the Congress; and the little money that I brougth with me diminushing every day: I dare to apply my self directly to you General and ask the great Favour of putting my interests entirely in your hands; do you Judge that there is any probabillity that I could now obtain of the Congress any portion of Grownd? as you know in concert with my Brother Colonels and the General Officers when your Excellency was so good as to sind to us the Order of Cincinnatus, we refused and pay\u2019d our thanks to the Congress for the Concesssion of Grownd which was offered to us; and desired that an application of it Should be made in favor of the orphans and Widows of those of the Americans who were Killed during the war: at that time the considerable property that we enjoy\u2019d in France did not let us think that we should ever go back to America. but now, General, that between my brother and my self, we have lost our Estates in Burgundy Worth more than seven thousand a year, and that we have nothing at all in any other part of the World, we are disposed to become good Cultivators in America, if there is any possibility of it through your good services. I shall not teaze you any longer with our Misfortunes, but I am full of confidence in your well Known Humanity, in your Friendship for the good Mis La Fayette, and in your goodness for every one who was attached to him, and I may Say more for whom he had a Friendship. I rely therfore entirely on what you judge proper for us: and I shall receive as a great Favour any Answer with which you will honour me; directed to Charles MacMahon at the post office Norwich. as I live in a farm a few miles from that town and as my present circumstances do not permit me to take my own title, nor any from my Military Employment which was four years ago General Major. \u27e8I a\u27e9m with the Greatest regard and Respect General Your Excellency\u2019s Most devoted and obedient humble servant\n          Formerly Marquis MacMahon D\u2019Eguilly", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0128", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edward Newenham, 20 November 1794\nFrom: Newenham, Edward\nTo: Washington, George\n          Carlow [Ireland] 20th Novr 1794\n        I send this to Newry, as I see a Ship is to sail from that Port in a few days for New Yorke\u2014a Proclamation is just Issued by this Government for all Vessels coming from Maryland, to perform Quarantine as a dangerous Fever had Spread through that State\u2014God Send it a Speedy Stop.\n        Lady Newenham joins me in Sincere respects to Mrs Washington & you. I remain Dear Sir with due Respect & perfect Esteem your most obliged & most faithfull Humble Servt\n          Edward Newenham", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0132", "content": "Title: To George Washington from the U.S. Senate, 22 November 1794\nFrom: United States Senate\nTo: Washington, George\n          In Senate of the United States, Novem: 22d 1794.\n        We receive with pleasure your speech to the two Houses of Congress; in it we perceive renewed proofs of that vigilant and paternal concern for the prosperity, honor and happiness of our Country, which has uniformly distinguished your past administration.\n        Our anxiety, arising from the licentious & open resistance to the laws, in the western counties of Pennsylvania, has been increased, by the proceedings of certain self-created societies, relative to the laws and administration of the Government; proceedings in our apprehension, founded in political error, calculated, if not intended to disorganize our Government, and which, by inspiring delusive hopes of support, have been influential in misleading our fellow Citizens in the scene of insurrection.\n        In a situation so delicate and important, the lenient & persuasive measures which you adopted, merit & receive our affectionate approbation: these failing to procure their proper effect, and coercion having become inevitable, we have derived the highest satisfaction from the enlightened patriotism and animating zeal with which the citizens of New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, have rallied around the standard of government, in opposition to anarchy and insurrection.\n        Our warm & cordial acknowledgments are due to you, Sir, for the wisdom and decision with which you arrayed the militia to execute the public will; and to them, for the disinterestedness and alacrity, with which they obeyed your summons.\n        The example is precious to the theory of our Government, and confers the brightest honor upon the patriots who have given it.\n        We shall readily concur in such further provisions for the security of internal peace, and a due obedience to the laws, as the occasion manifestly requires.\n        The effectual organization of the militia, and a prudent attention to the fortifications of our ports & harbors, are subjects of great national importance, and, together with the other measures you have been pleased to recommend, will receive our deliberate consideration.\n        The success of the troops under the command of General Wayne, cannot fail to produce essential advantages. The pleasure with which we acknowledge the merits of that gallant General & army, is enhanced by the hope that their victories will lay the foundation of a just & durable peace with the Indian tribes.\n        At a period so momentous in the affairs of nations, the temperate, just and firm policy that you have pursued, in respect to foreign powers, has been eminently calculated to promote the great & essential interests of our Country, and has created the fairest title to the public gratitude & thanks.\n          John Adams\n          Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0135", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 23 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n          Mr Pearce,\n          Philadelphia Novr 23d 1794\n        Your letter of the 16th with the reports\u2014except the Carpenters, which I have been without for several weeks\u2014came to my hands yesterday.\n        As I expected, so it happened, my letters to Colo. Willm Washington of Westmoreland, did not reach him until a few days ago. As you seem to be of the same opinion wch I entertained at first,\nnamely, that from the easy and simple manners of Donaldson, he wd not be a fit overlooker of Negros, I have again written to my Nephew concerning the Carpenter in his neighbourhood; and put the letter under cover to you, open, that if you have engaged a person for this business, or have one in contemplation for it that you think will answer well, you may accompany it by a line from yourself to stop his application\u2014otherwise let it go, & wait the result of Colo. Washington\u2019s answer, which agreeably to my request, I expect you will receive; before you engage any other. In case you should get any one in the place of Donaldson as an overlooker of the Carpenters, let him, Isaac & the boy Jem, be kept to the making & repairing of Carts of different sorts, Wheels, Plows, Harrows Rakes Wheelbarrows, and all kinds of farming impliments; and tell him, as from me, that I hope, & expect, that he will take pains to instruct both Isaac and the Boy in the principles of the work; that I may derive benifit hereafter from his instruction of them.\n        If you should succeed in getting an Overlooker for the outdoors Carpenters, you will direct the execution of such work as appears to be most wanting. but whether he be a married, or a single man, he must not occupy the rooms in the store house; these, while you remain in what is called the Servants Hall, must be kept for Gentlemens servants, and my own, while I am on a visit to Mount Vernon. When you remove to the Ferry (if you mean to do so) and the house you are now in, is restored to its former use\u2014a single man might, in that case, occupy the rooms in the store house, in the manner Mr Whitting did; but it would not be very convenient for a married man (especially one with children) to be there.\n        Speaking of Gentlemens Servts it calls to my mind, that in a letter from Mrs Fanny Washington to Mrs Washington (her Aunt) she mentions, that since I left Mount Vernon she has given out four dozn and eight bottles of wine. Whether they are used, or not, she does not say; but I am led by it to observe, that it is not my intention that it should be given to every one who may incline to make a convenience of the house, in travelling; or who may be induced to visit it from motives of curiosity. There are but three descriptions of people to whom I think it ought to be given: first my particular and intimate acquaintance, in case business should call them there, such for instance as Doctr\nCraik. 2dly some of the most respectable foreigners who may, perchance, be in Alexandria or the federal city; and be either brought down, or introduced by letter, from some of my particular acquaintance as before mentioned; or thirdly, to persons of some distinction (such as members of Congress &ca) who may be travelling through the Country from North to South, or from south to North; in the first of which, I should not fail to give letters, where I conceive them entitled. Unless some caution of this sort governs, I should be run to an expence as improper, as it would be considerable; for the duty upon Madeira wine makes it one of the most expensive liquors that is now used; while my stock of it is small\u2014and old wine (of which that is) is not to be had upon any terms: for which reason\u2014and for the limited purposes already mentioned, I had rather you would provide claret, or other wine on which the duty is not so high, than to use my Madeira, unless it be on very extraordinary occasions.\n        I have no objection to any sober, & orderly person\u2019s gratifying their curiosity in viewing the buildings, Gardens &ca about Mount Vernon; but it is only to such persons as I have described, that I ought to be run to any expence on account of these visits of curiosity, beyond common civility & hospitality. No gentleman who has a proper respect for his own character (except relations & intimates) would use the house in my absence for the sake of conveniency (as it is far removed from the public roads) unless invited to do so by me or some friend; nor do I suppose any of this description would go there without a personal, or written introduction.\n        I have been thus particular, that you may have a full view of my ideas on this subject, & conform to them; and because the knowledge I have of my servants is such, as to believe, that if opportunities are given them, they will take off two glasses of wine for every one that is drank by such visitors, and tell you they were used by them; without such a watch over them as the other business you are employed in, would not allow you to bestow.\n        I observe what you say respecting the Hogs for Porke, and have to add that so many as are necessary to furnish all those who, by your agreements, are entitled to be served with Porke, with a moderate allowance for Bacon for the use of the Mansion house, should be put up; whether they be old or young: and I wish pains may be taken to cure the latter, as the most of that\nwhich was sent to this place was spoiled. The principal reason why I requested that none but full grown Hogs might be put up this fall, was, that my stock of them another year might be the better for it: but as I do not mean to buy porke, the necessity of breaking in upon the young hogs is unavoidable.\n        It was an omission of McKoy not to measure his Potatoes when, and as they were taken from the fields; and it is the more to be regretted, as I wanted to know the quantity which grew in each lot, and in a particular manner, the quantity that grew among the Corn at that place; that I might see & compare the Crop of Corn & the Crop of Potatoes together. But it would seem as if my blundering Overseers would forever put it out of my power to ascertain facts from the accuracy of experiments. Make your estimate (as I observed in my last) of the quantity of Potatoes required for seed next year, allowing for waste and spoilage, before you use, or sell many. It being my wish that many shd be planted.\n        In making the calculation whether it is better to sell Wheat in grain, or in flour, it will be necessary to learn previously whether the first is sold by measure or by the weight at Alexandria\u2014for if 60 lbs. is called a bushel, and the wheat weighs not more than 55 lbs. the difference will be very great when a 100 bushls by measure is reduced to the bushels it will yield by weight at 60 lbs.\n        You have never informed me what precise measures have been taken with respect to the tresspasses on my land on four mile run\u2014either of what has passed, or for prevention. I wish you would see Mr Minor & converse with him on this subject; and act according to circumstances. If it be necessary to Survey the land in order to ascertain the tresspasses, & the boundaries, let it be done by some skilful person. The Papers I left with you. The wood is the most valuable part of the tract.\n        You did very right in putting the amount of Colo. Lyles bond into the bank of Alexandria. Let me know the precise amount thereof. as also of what you deposited there before, that I may debit the Bank for it. With this letter, you will receive another, enclosing money to discharge my bond to Mr Lund Washington; my donation to the charity school in Alexandria; & subscription towards the Salary of Mr Davis; which I desire may be done without delay. I wish you well & remain Your friend\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0136", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Alexander Spotswood, 23 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Spotswood, Alexander\n          Philadelphia Novr 23d 1794.\n        It has not been in my power to acknowledge, with convenience, the receipt of your letter of the 14th Ulto until now; first, because it did not get to my hands until my return from the Westward; and 2dly, because my attention ever since, to the present moment, has been occupied in examining the various papers on which my communications to Congress were to be founded.\n        I do not see how any one can decide so well on the project you have in contemplation as yourself, who has a view of all the circumstances of the case, before you; and who know how far so important a change in the scene, as that of transplanting yourself and family into a new country, is reconcilable to your feelings & dispositions. and because, from the enquiries you have undoubtedly made, you must better know than any other who has not turned his thoughts to the subject, what you can sell for here, and buy at there.\n        It has always been my opinion, that new countries (by this I mean the interior of our own) are the best to lay the foundation of wealth, inasmuch as lands which, comparatively speaking, are to be had there cheap, rise in a four fold ratio to what they do in the Atlantic States. and it is to this circumstance, and the opportunities of acquiring them (by being in the scene) that the advantages consist: as, until the navigation of the Mississipi can be obtained, or the communication between the Eastern & western waters is made more easy, than is the case at present, the principal demand for the produce of the land is found in the emigrants who resort to it. To this cause also, is to be ascribed the rapidly encreasing prices of those Lands.\n        In one part of your letter, you talk of removing to Kentucky; and in another, of vesting money in lands No. West of the Ohio, which creates a doubt as to your principal view. You are not uninformed, I presume, that there is no land office open at this time in the last named district; and that there is no means by which land can be obtained there, at present, except by purchase of Army rights, or from some of those companies to whom Congress have sold large tracts: and in the present stage of our disputes with the Indians, that no settlement is thought safe from the scalping knife, that is not under the protection of some fort.\nThe same indeed may be said of the frontiers of Kentucky, while the central lands in that State are, as I am informed, selling very high. But of these facts you must be better informed than I am.\n        I should think it perfectly expedient\u2014so soon as you shall have resolved to sell your land on Rappahanock\u2014to advertise it in all the principal Gazettes from Richmond to New York inclusively; and not to be too hasty in disposing of it, except for a very good price; as there are reasons to believe that in the course of this winter, and the ensuing spring and summer, many men of property from Europe will remove to this country, or send over their property, with a view to invest it, either in our funds, or in lands.\n        With respect to the other species of property, concerning which you ask my opinion, I shall frankly declare to you that I do not like even to think, much less talk of it. However, as you have put the question I shall, in a few words, give you my ideas of it. Were it not then, that I am principled agt selling negros, as you would do cattle in the market, I would not, in twelve months from this date, be possessed of one, as a slave. I shall be happily mistaken, if they are not found to be a very troublesome species of property \u2018ere many years pass over our heads; (but this by the bye)\u2014For this reason\u2014and because there is but little sale for what is raised in the western country, it remains for you to consider whether, their value would not be more productive in lands, reserving enough for necessary purposes than to carry many there\u2014My love to Mrs Spotswood and the family. I am\u2014Dear Sir Your Affecte Servant\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0137", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Augustine Washington, 23 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Washington, William Augustine\n          My dear Sir,\n          Philadelphia Novr 23d 1794\n        Your letter of the 12th instt came to my hands yesterday. As Congress are now in Session, and Gentlemen from all the states North of this are assembled, I will make particular enquiry into the characters of the different Seminaries & will let you know the result. In the meantime, inform me how far to the Eastward you would consent that your Sons should go; to come at the best\nschools. There are two or three private Academies in the State of Massachusetts that are spoken very favourably of; the College in that State is also in good repute; but neither in that, nor at Yale College in Connecticut, do they admit boys until they are qualified by a previous course of education. This, however, is not the case with the Seminary here, nor I believe with that at Princeton. The character of the latter, at this time, I am unable to say, but as the best evidence I can exhibit of my opinion of the one in this place is, that I am distressed to know what to do with Washington Custis; who I am sure derives little or no benefit from going to it. No doubt you have enquired into the reputation of the Colleges at Williamsburgh & Annapolis. The first of these I have, latterly, heard well spoken of; and when I was at Carlisle I heard a good deal said in favor of the Academy at that place; but it was from those who had an interest in so doing.\n        I ascribed your silence respecting my late letters to the cause you mention, namely, there not having got to yr hands at an earlier period. What I suspected would be the case, Mr Pearce (my manager) informs me is likely to be realised; that is\u2014that the Overlooker of my Carpenters (newly from Great Britain) though a good workman\u2014and apparently an industrious man, has not spirit and activity enough to make the hands entrusted to his charge, do their duty properly I must therefore once more give you the trouble of letting both Mr Pearce & me know, by Post, as soon as you conveniently can, whether there is any chance of getting the man who has so often been the subject of my letters to you; whether he would come singly, or with the hands he possesses; upon what terms in either case; and when.\n        I mentioned your giving Mr Pearce (at Mount Vernon) as well as myself notice, because if he can depend upon that man he will cease his enquiries, & will engage no one else; otherwise, he is directed to do it. My former letters to you on this subject have been so much in detail, that I feel no necessity in going further into it on this occasion; and therefore, shall conclude with my best wishes, in which Mrs Washington unites, to yourself and Lady. Your sincere friend and Affectionate Uncle.\n          Go: Washington\n          P.S. In your next say to what Post Office letters for you had better be directed.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0138", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Jean Paul Coste, 24 November 1794\nFrom: Coste, Jean Paul\nTo: Washington, George\n          Charleston S.C. November 24. 1794.\n        I have the honor to propose to you a telegraph, the use of which under present circumstances, may be of the greatest service to the United States of America. It may be used for transmitting any orders from the North to the South in the most accurate manner, and with such speed as to be almost incredible, as a trial will show.\n        I pledge myself (And I do not think that I venture too much) to send you from here the following letter in less than eight hours: \u201cCharleston has been attacked by four ships of War and two Frigates. Fort Sullivan has fired on them with hot shot and has burned three of them.\u201d This method may be used as well by night as by day.\n        This telegraph has the advantage of being able to transmit intelligence of all Kinds while the persons engaged in its transmission are unable to discover anything of what is going on; so that none but the person who dictates and the one who receives the message know anything about it. If the person to whom I shall communicate it shall happen to be out of town or indisposed, I will teach the method of writing the signals in so precise a manner that no one except the party for whom the message is intended, will be able to read it, but he will be able to do so with the greatest ease. A soldier or any other person can take the signals without any danger of making a mistake; and without understanding them himself, may deliver them to the party for whom the message is intended.\n        Only two persons are necessary for each signal, the establishment of which (not including the Signal house) will not cost more than ten dollars.\n        I have the honor to assure Your Excellency of my most profound respect and sincere devotion. If my proposition is accepted\nI will receive any orders that may be entrusted to me, and will execute them with both pleasure and promptness.\n          Jean Paul CosteFrench Minister", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0139-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 24 November 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            Department of War November 24, 1794\n          I have the honor to submit to your view a Statement of the non commissioned Officers and privates at present in the service of the United States specifying the places where they are and the periods which they have still to serve.\n          The force immediately under Major General Wayne is much lessened by the expiration of the services of his Troops and is inferior to the demand of existing circumstances. Unless therefore he be reinforced early in the ensuing spring, the advantages which he has gained in the course of the present year, which ought to be permanently secured, must be in danger of being relinquished.\n          The experiments which have recently been made to engage Men for Military service on the present inducements evince\ndecisively that no expectation can be indulged of completing the numbers authorized by law without further encouragement. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect your obedient Servant\n            H. Knoxsecy of War", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0139-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Statement of Men in the Army, 24 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n            Department of War November 24th 1794\n          Statement of the non commissioned Officers and privates in the service of the United States specifying the places where they are and the periods which they have still to serve.\n              Under General Wayne and at the posts on the lower parts of the Ohio\n              Posts on the Upper parts of the Ohio, and on the march\n              South Western Territory\n            Fortifications on the Sea Coast and at the recruiting rendezvois\n              Inlisted in\n              1792 and will expire before 30 June 1795\n              will expire from 1 July to 31 Decemr\n              Muster rolls wanted for[,] estimated to be enlisted in 1793 and 1794\n            H. Knoxsecy of War", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0141", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Peter Henri, 26 November 1794\nFrom: Henri, Peter\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia nov. 26th 1794.\n        I beg leave to remind you of the promise you have honored me with while in charleston So. Carolina, that you would be So indulgent as to Suffer me to draw your likeness in miniature, when you Should happen to be in Philadelphia.\n        As I am Soon to go to france, I came here in purpose to enjoy the benefit of your promise in waiting for your Command. I am With Respect, sir, Your very humble and most obedient Servant\n          Peter Henri", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0142", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Charles Morgan, 26 November 1794\nFrom: Morgan, Charles\nTo: Washington, George\n          Raccoon Creek [Pa.] Novr 26th 1794\n        I Receiv\u2019d a power from you Some time in July last, in Order to Collect your Rents in the Counties of Washington and Fayatte, also to Call on Colo. Cannon your former Collector for a\nStatement of that Business, I have Spoke to Colo. Cannon several times for Such a Statement, but he through the Multiplicity of his Own Business has not (as yet) made it Convenient to deliver me Such a Statement\u2014however he has Assur\u2019d me he will be Ready in a few days to give up all the papers Necessary to this business\u2014and the Reason he Could not do it Sooner he had Some Settlemt to make With the Tenants &c.\n        Colo. Cannon Informs me the Leases are all out next Spring, and as my power only Extends to Collecting Rents &c. your Instructions will be Necessary in order to Rent out the plantations for some future term of time; provided the Lands Should not be sold; as I hardly think it will at the price Mr Ross holds it at, (I mean the land on Millers Run) I shall be very happy to serve you in this or any other business, and Flatter myself I shall be able to give you Satisfaction\u2014perhaps it may be Necessary in the Sale of your lands on the Ohio, Kanaway &c. to make devisions in order to Accommodte purchasers, If so I can attend to that business, having Some knowlege of those lands\u2014and having Business of my own to do in that Quarter When ever the Indian War is Over. I am your Most Obdt Humbe Servt\n          Charles Morgan", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0143", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 26 November 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n        E. Randolph presents his respectful Compliments to the President of the United States and has the honor to send him the enclosed translation of a Letter this moment received from Mr Fauchet.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0146", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the U.S. House of Representatives, 29 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States House of Representatives\n          Gentlemen,\n        I anticipated with confidence the concurrence of the House of Representatives in the regret produced by the insurrection. Every effort ought to be used to discountenance what has contributed to foment it, & thus discourage a repetition of like attempts. For notwithstanding the consolations which may be drawn from the issue of the event, it is far better that the artful approaches to such a situation of things should be checked by the vigilant and duly admonished patriotism of our fellow citizens than that the evil should increase until it becomes necessary to crush it by the strength of their arm.\n        I am happy that the part which I have myself borne on this occasion, receives the approbation of your House. For the discharge of a constitutional duty, it is a sufficient reward to me, to be assured that you will unite in consummating what remains to be done.\n        I feel also great satisfaction in learning that the other subjects, which I have communicated or recommended, will meet with due attention; that you are deeply impressed with the importance of an effectual organization of the militia; and that the advance and success of the army under the command of General Wayne is regarded by you, no less than myself, as a proof of the perseverance, prowess & superiority of our Troops.\n          Go. Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0147", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Pierce Butler, 30 November 1794\nFrom: Butler, Pierce\nTo: Washington, George\n          Hampton, State of Georgia, Novbr the 30th 1794\n        I feel it a duty incumbent on me, to inform You, that there is a defect in the Arrangement made fo\u27e8r\u27e9 geting Timber in this State, to build the Frigates with. I do not observe anything wrong in the Overlooker, Mr Morga\u27e8n\u27e9 but there is a deficiency some where; And unless it is timely Corrected, the Ships might as well, were it possible, be Built of Bars of Silver as of Live Oak. I have the honor to be, with great respect, Sir, Yr Most Obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0148", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 30 November 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n          Mr Pearce,\n          Philadelphia Novr 30\u27e8th 1794.\u27e9\n        As the experiment of grinding a hundred bushels of Wheat into flour, is found more profitable than to sell the like quantity in grain; I would have you proceed in the manufactury of what little I have made. and I desire the particulars of the experiment may be sent to me. and the Miller must be careful that he keeps up to it. or I may be deceived thereby.\n        Caution Sally Green against dealing with my negros after she is fixed in Alexandria. If she deals with them at all she will be unable to distinguish between stolen, or not stolen things; and if her conduct should lay her open to suspicion, she need expect no further countenance or support from me.\n        What demands the Mill swamp may have upon your labour for the next year I do not kno\u27e8w but\u27e9 independant of that, I should think the Mansion house & Muddy hole gangs, with such force as you might draw from the other farms, would not fall much short of clearing up the skirt of woods mentioned in my former letter; and if well grubbed, and thoroughly broke up, it would be infinitely better for Corn than No. 6 at Muddy hole, which is extremely poor and much worn. However, as I observed in my former letter, I leave the matter to your own judgm\u2019t; but desire, (not only for the sake of the Corn which will go into the ground, but for the pasture afterwards, and for prevention of sprouts choking it) that every thing may be grubbed that can be grubbed; although it will require more time to clear the land in the first instance. And as it will look as well to be cleared in clumps (letting those clumps be, some of them large, & some small) I would have it done so; as the corn will be much better than if growing among single trees, as was the \u27e8c\u27e9ase in the Inclosure by the white gat\u27e8e\u27e9\u2014This inclosure might be clean\u27e8sed\u27e9 and brought into Corn also.\n        As soon as your Corn is all gathered and measured, let me have the account of it in one view\u2014naming the farms & fields in which it grew; Do the same by the other crops; and I wish to know, as nearly as possible, if McKoys blundering will not suffer it to be done accurately, the quantity of Potatoes that grew in No. 4 at Dogue Run.\n        Have you fixed nothing yet with Pyne, nor with any other for the Mansion House? The person living there, if you remove to the ferry, ought to be a careful & trust worthy character.\n        You speak of stuff for sheds, but do not say where. I wanted sheds on the foundations which were laid of brick, at Dogue run, to be erected for the work horses, oxen, &ca\u2014the Corn houses making one of the ends to them. My plan was fully explained to Green, but whether Isaac or Tom Davis understood it, or not, I am unable to say. They were to be half roofs, open in the f\u27e8ronts\u27e9 so high as to admit horses &ca freely into them without danger of rubbing their heads or backs. above that to be boarded.\n        I will get four or five bushels of clover seed & send it to you in time & shall depend upon your having enough of all other sorts. I am your friend &ca\n          Go: Washington\n          P.S. I hope you received my last letter with the 1300 dollars safe.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0149", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 1 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia December 1. 1794.\n        I have the honor to inform you that I have fixed upon the last of January next as the day for the resignation of my office of Secretary of the Treasury. I make the communication now, that there may be time to mature such an arrangement as shall appear to you proper to meet the vacancy when it occurs. With perfect respect &c.\n          A. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0151", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 1 December 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia Decr 1. 1794.\n        The secretary of State has the honor of communicating to the President, a letter from Mr Hammond inclosing one from Govr Simcoe, and an answer, proposed by E.R. to Mr Hammond.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0153", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 2 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Treasury Department Decr 2d 1794\n        The Secretary of the Treasury has the honor to transmit to The President of the U. States, triplicates of a statement of Expenditures upon the funds heretofore appropriated for defraying the Contingent charges of Government up to the 30th of September last.\n          A. Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0155", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 2 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Treasury Department Decr 2d 1794.\n        The Secretary of the Treasury has the honor respectfully to make the following representation to The President of the United States, in order that he may determine on the expediency of laying the subject of it before Congress. The procuring of military Supplies generally is with great propriety vested by law in the Department of the Treasury. That Department, from situation, may be expected to feel a more habitual solicitude for \u0153conomy than any other, and to possess more means of information respecting the best modes of obtaining supplies. It is, however, important that the particular arrangement should be such as to enable the Department to execute the trust in the best manner. This branch of the public business forms a very considerable one of the public expenditure. Including supplies for the Navy it is so extensive as, to be well executed, would occupy the whole time and attention of one person, possessing the requisite qualifications. This, with the growth of the Country, must be every year more and more the case. It cannot therefore be conducted in detail by the head of the Department, or by any existing officer of it now charged with other duties,\nwithout being less well executed than it ought to be, or interfering with other essential duties, or without a portion of both these inconveniences, to the material detrimant of the public service. Experience has already verified the position.\n        It must then of necessity either be confided to a special Agent employed by the head of the Department; or to a new officer of the Department to be constituted by law and to act under the direction and superintendence of that head. The last mode is preferable to the first, for obvious reasons.\n        Wherever an object of public business is likely to be permanent, it is more fit that it should be transacted by an officer of the Government regarly constituted, than by the Agent of a Department specially entrusted. The officer can be placed by law under more effectual checks. In the present case that idea is particularly important. The person intrusted ought to be prohibited under penalties, from all dealing on his own account in the objects of supply. The duration and emoluments of a mere agency being precarious, a well qualified man, disposed to make the necessary sacrifices of other pursuits & to devote himself exclusively to the business, could with much greater difficulty, if at all, be found.\n        The compensation to such an officer ought, it is conceived, to weigh nothing as an objection. Independent of the equivalent expense arising from the necessity of employing and compensating an Agent, it is morally certain, that the close, constant, undivided attention of a person charged exclusively with this object, and in condition, for that reason, to make the minute as well as extensive enquiries & investigations which are often requisite, would produce savings to the United States with which the salary of the Officer could bear no comparison. It is equally evident that it would contribute greatly to punctuality, dispatch and efficiency in procuring the Supplies. Respectfully submitted\n          (Signed) Alexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasury.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0156", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 3 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          Department of War December 3d 1794\n        In examining General Wilkinsons papers in order to answer them, I find a letter written by him on the 30 June and received during my absence on the 23 of Augt\u2014It contains matter of such serious import as requires to be submitted to your consideration and some order taken thereon\u2014It ought to have been submitted by Major Stagg during my absence. I submit also my last letter to him. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0157", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 3 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n        I have the honor to submit to your consideration, the draft of a letter to Major General Wayne; which it is proposed to send off to morrow. I am, most respectfully, Sir, Your obedt Servt\n          H. Knoxsecy of War", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0158", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Samuel Porter, 3 December 1794\nFrom: Porter, Samuel\nTo: Washington, George\n          Honoured Father\n          Westmorland County [Pa.] Decem. 3. 1794\n        The paternal Care, and tender affection which have marked your Conduct to the Citizens of the United States, dispose one of your children who never had the honour of seeing you, to\naddress your Excellency, on a subject of importance. In this adress, my mind Conscious of its own integrity, presumes to unbosom itself to you, with that freedom which is the concomitant of friendship, and sincerity\u2014When it is considered that I have emigrated from a Land of oppression\u2014that I have attended to the Theory and Administration of the different kinds of Government\u2014And that I am a Minister of the Gospel of Jesus of Nazereth, who was a friend to all good government; It cannot be doubted that I am a friend to the Government of the United States, from Reason, from Conscience, and from the strongest Conviction that whatever its defects may be, it is the best Human Government in the world. Therfore in the late deplorable, and unhappy time, in which a few infernal, and designing men, endeavoured to precipetate their Country, into all the horrors of Anarchy, and Civil war, I Stepped forward at the earliest period, in a publick manner, and in the face of intimidating appearances, and at the risk of that popularity, to which my Litle family owed their only support, Cast all my weight into the Scale of supporting the Government and the Laws. But although my Endeavours to preserve my Congregations, and Neighbours, from the dreadful Contagion, have been attended with pleasing Success, and although none of my Relations, or Neighbours are in danger; yet my heart Bleeds for my poor deluded fellow creatures who are on their way to Philadelphia, to Be tried for their lives before the F\u0153deral Court. I make no doubt but many of those prisioners will be found Guilty of high treason; and if your prisioners were either of the first, or Second class of criminals, my mind would be more Easy, But oh, they are a number of infatuated, Ignorant, deluded creatures, who have fallen Victims to the diabolical Schemes of those men who have had the address to Escape the Vengeance of Government.\n        The decision of the Government, with Respect to said prisoners, will enable the world to decide on the important question, viz. whether despotick, or Republickcan Governments, will exercise the greatest Lenity, to those unhappy wretches, who may deserve to die? But if Justice Condemns those men, let Mercy plead their Cause, and I make no doubt but they will Be good Citizens in the time to come. My Tongue, my pen, my hearts Blood and my gun, are at the Call of my Country, to support the government, and the Laws, whenever this may become necessary; But\nwhen I think of those deluded criminals, whose Conduct I detest, and their distressed families and weeping litle ones, many of whom are in want whom it is not in my power to Relieve, being myself in narrow circumstances, the tears flow from my Eyes as I write: But I Cast them on the mercy of God, and the Government, hoping every thing from your Humanity, and Clemency, that may be Consistent with the dignity of your office, Rectitude of your heart, and the good of the government.\n        I hope you will excuse the freedom of an obscure Citizen, who has no favour to ask for himself; But that you will look on his impertinence, as the Innocent freedom of a child with an Indulgent Father\u2014And that God may preserve our Government, from Tyrrany on the one hand, and Anarchy on the other, and make your Excellency happy in time, and to Eternity, is the prayer of\u2014\n          Samuel Porter", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0159", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Samuel Stearns, 3 December 1794\nFrom: Stearns, Samuel\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia Dec. 3d 1794.\n        To His Excellency GEORGE WASHINGTON, Esqr. L.L.D. and President of the United States, &c. &c. &c.\n        The Petition of Samuel Stearns, Most humbly Sheweth:\n        That he is preparing for Publication, an American Dispensatory, which he intends to Publish by Subscription, as by the inclosed Proposals will fully appear.\n        That as Your Excellency is a Promoter of the Cultivation and Improvement of the Liberal and Mechanical Arts and Sciences, and can do an Author an Essential Service, by Subscribing for his Productions; Your Petitioner Prays that Your Excellency will be pleased, to Subscribe for an American-Dispensatory. And, as in Duty bound, shall ever Pray.\n          Samuel Stearns.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0161", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 4 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n        Upon further reflection, and examination of the charges exhibited by Brigadier General Wilkinson, against Major General Wayne, and consulting Colonel Hamilton thereon, it has been conceived proper to submit the letter to General Wilkinson in the shape it now has, for your consideration. I have the honor to be Sir, with perfect Respect, Your obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0162-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Jean Baptiste de Ternant to Edmund Randolph, 3 December 1794\nFrom: Ternant, Jean-Baptiste, chevalier de\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n            from Turner\u2019s lane December the 3d 1794\n          Mr Ternant is sorry that a more immediate answer could not be returned to Mr Randolph\u2019s note of 18th ult. which only came to hand yesterday, owing to its having been carried to a house in town, instead of being Sent directly to Mr Ternant\u2019s own residence.\n          Mr Randolph saying meerly that he transmits an inclosed letter addressed to the President, on a supposition that Mr T. is acquainted with the subject of it, Mr Ternant must have supposed in his turn, that the said letter was communicated in order to furnish the President with elucidations on its contents: and accordingly, after looking over the journal and notes he used to keep when in office, he finds himself enabled to give the\nfollowing Statement of Mr Le Breton des Chapelles\u2019s claim on the State of Virginia.\n          That claim, originally of 813 dollars, was the amount of a bill drawn during the american war by Oliver Polluck acknowledged agent for Virginia on Mess. Penet d\u2019Acosta & Co. in favor of Mr favre d\u2019Aunoy who had passed it to the order of Mr Le Breton des Chapelles, his relation and creditor\u2014that bill having been returned protested, Mr de Vergennes, in 1784 charged the king\u2019s minister plenipy in America to endeavour to obtain its liquidation from the debtor State\u2014Mr Marbois who acted then as charg\u00e9 des affaires in this country referred the business, as was customary in the course of official functions, to the french Consul in Virginia, Mr Oster, into whose hands it has since remained and was Still at the time of Mr Ternant\u2019s removal from office\u2014In consequence of a resolution from the Council of Virginia, Mr Oster obtained 290,\u00bd 10/72 dollars on account, for which sum, he remitted to Mr des Chapelles in feby 1786, a bill of 1525\u00a3 18s. tournois the amount of which was received by that State creditor. the affair remained in that Situation till Mr Ternant\u2019s arrival here in August 1791, when he wrote instantly to Mr Oster and pressed him to urge the payment of the money remaining due to Mr Le Breton des Chapelles: But, notwithstanding every anxious effort used with that view, it was not till february following, that is of 1792, that Mr Oster inclosed to Mr Ternant a letter for Mr Le Breton des Chapelles containing a bill on Paris drawn in favor of the latter to the amount of 1023\u00a3 16s. 4d. tournois, as a full remittance of the monies by him (Mr Oster) received to that day, with a general account, by which it appeared that a balance of 98,2/3 dollars remained Still unpaid by the government of Virginia; and Mr Oster wrote at that time to Mr Ternant that frequent applications had been made in vain for the payement of that trifling balance\u2014that letter of Mr Osters containing the above bill of 1023\u00a3 16.4, with the general account was inclosed in another letter from Mr Ternant to Mr Le Breton des Chapelles, and the whole has been forwarded by duplicate along with an official dispatch of 13th march 1792 to the then Minister for foreign affairs Mr de Lessart\u2014Mr Ternant was since officially informed that the above dispatch, had been received by Mr Dumourier; but no answer or letter\nwhatever from Mr Le Breton des Chapelles ever reached Mr Ternant in america, which together with the untoward business of office then on hand, prevented his writing any more to Mr Oster on the subject. Whether the balance due by the State of Virginia has been paid Since or not, Mr Ternant cannot tell\u2014as to the bill of exchange above mentioned, as it was drawn in Mr Le Breton des Chapelles\u2019s own name, the amount of it cannot have been legally paid to any body but himself or his attorney; and if finally the bill did not come to hand, of course Mr Oster can be asked for a renewal or duplicates of the same\u2014But the President will be Sensible that Mr Ternant, cannot without injuring the person he would wish eagerly to serve, address any thing to Mr Oster Consular agent of the french Republic, and much less to Mr fauchet their Minister, on the subject and in favor of an Emigrant\u2014As to pressing the payment of what may yet remain due by the State of Virginia, the same difficulty exists for Mr Ternant, because Mr Oster being officially posessed of the original title (the bill) the balance due thereon can only be discharged into his hands; unless the executive of Virginia by being made acquainted with the peculiarity of the case wuld be prevailed upon to pay it off to another person, as appears fully and consistently practicable\u2014But that neither can be attempted by Mr Ternant, for the President must be convinced, from the recent conduct of the federal government towards him in regard to a most atrocious official calumny, that he cannot expect in a case of this kind to have the least influence or credit with the government of Virginia\u2014It grieves Mr Ternant infinitely not to be in a situation to do what he would wish, on the occasion\u2014But the President may rest assured that no body can be more worthy his generous and humane attention than Mr Le Breton des Chapelles.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0163", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 5 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Treasy Dept Decr 5. 1794.\n        The Secretary of the Treasury has the honor to submit to the President a letter from the Commissioner of the Revenue of the 3d instant respecting the Stakage of Pamplico & Matchapungo rivers &c. The present offer appears admissible. If the President thinks so\u2014his approbation noted on the letter of the Commissioner of the revenue, will put the business in execution.\n          A. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0164", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 5 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n        I have the honor to submit to your view a draft of a letter to the Governors of Virginia, Maryland Pennsylvania, and New Jersey\u2014Perhaps as Brigadier General Samuel Smith was at the head of the militia of a State the same ought to be transmitted him excepting as to the thanks. Most respectfully, Your obedt Servt\n          H. Knoxsecy of war", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0165", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 5 December 1794\nFrom: Lear, Tobias\nTo: Washington, George\n          My dear Sir,\n          George Town [D.C.] December 5th 1794\n        In the enclosed letter to Mr Dandridge I have transmitted the Treasurers Rect for the second payment with Interest, on your lots in Square N. 667\u2014Amounting to $405 25/100 which you had the goodness to put into my hands for that purpose.\n        When I had the pleasure to see you in Philadelphia, I expressed a wish to have an inspection of some papers relative to the Potomac Company\u2019s affairs, which I knew were in your possession. They were not in Philadelphia; and upon recollection, I think they are at Mount Vernon, filed by themselves and noted as papers relative to the Potomac Company. If I could, with propriety, be indulged with a sight of some of them, I should be glad; for I cannot find any repository of the laws which have passed respecting that business, and some other things which I should wish to see. Should you deem it not improper to let me have those papers for a short time, and the way in which I could get at them be pointed out, I shall feel grateful therefor: But if you conceive that there is the smallest inconvenience or impropriety in granting this indulgence, I hope and beg that you will readily say so to me.\n        We have had a meeting of the Directors of the Potomac Company since my return to this place, and it was thought best to discharge the greater part of the yearly hands whose time will expire at Christmas, as there cannot be employment for them in the winter; reserving about 30 of the best for whom work may be found\u2014and in the mean time to take measures for going on with spirit at the Great falls early in the spring. It is suggested that the work to be done there can be executed with more dispatch & certainty by contract than by the Company\u2019s people. I beleive this myself, if a responsible and able man will undertake it, first having the whole laid out & directed by an able Engineer; and without the opinion of such an one, formed from an accurate & attentive survey of the place, I shall for my part\nobject to any thing being undertaken there. Mr Weston and the Directors of the Schuylkill Canal Company have been written to some time since requesting the attendance of that Gentleman to inspect the great falls; but I am apprehensive that he cannot be spared at the season when it might be proper to take a survey of the spot. If it should come in your way to say anything on this subject expressive of a wish that Mr Weston might come down here for a short time, in a proper season, it would have more weight than anything else. Colo. Fitzgerald mentioned to the Directors a person whom Major Claybourne told him he had brot with him from England, who was considered as one of the first men in that Country in directing the digging Canals making locks &c.\u2014and that this person would readily engage in the service of the Potomac Company; but I confess I should require good evidences of a man\u2019s abilities in that way before he was engaged in so important a point of the business as the great falls, and more especially as I know that when I was in England such was the rage for Canalling that any man of superior skill in such business could command almost what he pleased for his services there\u2014and such would not readily quit the Country without bringing strong testimonies of their talents, or having an assurance of good advantages here. However, I trust no one will be engaged to direct this work without giving satisfactory proof of being able to effect it properly & with due \u0153conomy. The road round the great falls, which will be about one mile, is nearly completed, and Colo. Gilpin, who has warehouses erected at the Bason, says he will engage to transport flour from one landing to the other at three pence per bbl, and other Articles in proportion. The Gates at the little falls are not yet finished. There has been either a strange delay of that business or an uncommon miscalculation of the time it would take to finish it. I doubt whether the whole work there will be completed this season. And I confess I hardly think the Rect of tolls will commence in less than two years. An application is made to the Legislatures to extend the time granted to finish the works for two years from May next. I proposed to the Directors to have stated meetings of that Board at which those who carried on the business under them should make written reports of the progress of the work from time to time, that they might be better able to judge of the state of it than they now are, when I beleive some of them have\nnot been as far as the great falls for a year or more. Other good effects would flow from those meetings.\n        I feel, my dear Sir, that I have already trespassed too much on your valuable time\u2014and will only beg that my grateful respects may be made acceptable to Mrs Washington\u2014and assure you that I am, with sentiments of the warmest attachment & most respectful affection Your grateful & obliged friend & servant\n          Tobias Lear", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0166", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Muir, 5 December 1794\nFrom: Muir, James\nTo: Washington, George\n          Alexandria [Va.] 5th December 1794\n        I am just now favoured with your donation; Lately I attended at the Academy, and examined into the progress made by those whose education your donation supports. I find the full number at School; Their attendance has been regular, or absences accounted for in a satisfactory manner; some of them read well,\nand write a good hand; all of them are coming on and receive as much benifit as could be expected. The ends you have in view by this Charity appear to me to be fully answered. The foundation is herein laid for rescuing numbers from ignorance, and for introducing them into Society as useful and reputable citizens.\n        I am at present publishing an examination into the principles contained in \u201cthe age of reason\u201d I have been encouraged from the number of Subscribers to put this book to the Press. It would be useful to be honoured with your name among the Subscribers. I feel reluctant in even mentioning this. you must be harassed with similar applications. If however you be inclined to encourage my production and mention this when you write Mr Pearce, it will be obliging. wishing you all happiness in your high station, and the Government under which we enjoy so many blessings great stability I am yours respectfully\n          James Muir", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0167", "content": "Title: To George Washington from James Anderson, 6 December 1794\nFrom: Anderson, James\nTo: Washington, George\n          Cotfield near Edinr. [Scotland] 6th Decr 1794\n        I was favoured with your very obliging letter dated the 26th May last only a few days ago upon my return from a pretty long visit to a friend in South Wales. I learnt by a note from Lord Buchan that accompanied it, that it had lein here some time, from these causes I have not sooner had it in my power to acknowledge this favour.\n        Along with it I received Six guineas which came safe, which is \u00a31.8 over payment for the 18 volumes even if these shall be come to hand. as you will percieve by the annexed note\u2014But I am ashamed at receving this, as it was not my intention or wish to subject you to this expence when I sent out the Bee, which\nI meant, and hoped you would honour with your acceptance. The balance I shall apply as you desire\u2014I much regret that that work was published under such unfavourable circumstances, as to have put it out of my power to bring it to the perfection I aimed at. Dissatisfied with that circumstance, as well as incommoded by the extreme tardiness in payments of a great number of my subscribers, I resolved to discontinue the work at the end of the 18th Volume. Since then I had almost come to an agreement to have it continued, to be published at London, where I was to have no concern with any thing but the literary department, in which circumstances I hoped to be able to make it a work much more deserving the public attention than it ever yet has been\u2014but a change of circumstances having turned my attention towards another channel, I have laid aside that design.\n        Not having any opportunities of vessels going directly from hence for Philadelphia, I was constraind to adopt the same circuitous mode of sending the 17th & 18th Volumes of the Bee\u2014by the way of New york as formerly, which I hope are come safe to hand. They were forwarded from hence in May last\u2014when I did myself the honour to send along with them a copy of the agricultural survey of Aberdeenshire, which I had drawn up for the board of Agriculture\u2014at the request of Sir John Sinclair president of that board\u2014I am sorry that work also was written and printed with such rapidity as to occasion a great number of errors\u2014In the appendix to it is a slight account of a very simple contrivance for raising and lowering boats without the use of locks on navigable canals\u2014a model of which I have since had made\u2014which I have the pleasure to find gives universal satisfaction\u2014The gentlemen of the committee for conducting the Lancashire canal unanimously approve of it\u2014as well as the suggestions thrown out in that publication respecting small canals for agricultural purposes\u2014so that, as they write to me a few days ago, were the means of getting leave to cut canals where necessary rendered more easy than with us, they see now no difficulty of having canals carried through every part of the country from one end of the island to the other. They are to try to obtain a law for that purpose\u2014but I do not think they will be able to effect that soon\u2014for people in this island are extremely jealous of any thing that affects private property\u2014It is chiefly with a view to keep myself disengaged that I may be\nable to attend to this business that I have laid aside all thoughts of the Bee. If you shall have received that parcel, you will easily perceive that it is only the principle on which the machine is constructed that is there explained\u2014The particulars of the construction\u2014especially of the chain and pulley, to give the necessary strength are omitted\u2014but of these when explained no one has had a doubt. You have only to let me know if you want it and a compleat explanation of all the parts shall be sent.\n        As I have not at present any opportunity from hence for Philadelphia\u2014I use the freedom to send this letter to the care of the American Minister at London, together with another to Mr Collin secretary to the American Philosophical society, to acknowledge my sense of the honour they have done me by admitting me a member of that respectable body for which I find I am indebted to you\u2014I hope they will go safe to hand. I have ordered my son, who is in a mercantile house at London, to take the first opportunity that there occurs for Philadelphia to send to them one or two books, which it is possible they may not have seen\u2014And I have given him orders at the same time to send out the following books for You in leiu of the volumes of the Bee which you ought to have received. I have the less hesitation about sending out books on Agricultural subjects, since I have seen by your letter to Sir John Sinclair which he kindly showed to me, that in spite of the distractions your mind must suffer by attending to the momentous affairs of state, you still take pleasure in the more delightful recreations of rural amusements\u2014I have one friend (Mr George Dempster) who has been made happy by being enabled to detatch himself from state affairs entirely, and now enjoys a most enviable retreat in the country\u2014I have another whom I was visiting lately, who only waits a particular event that is likely soon to happen, to give up his place in parliament, and do the same\u2014I dare not entertain a wish, that you also should do the same\u2014It is of too much importance to the state that you shoud continue in the place you hold to admit of private concerns interfering with the public weal\u2014But tho\u2019 you must sacrifice your time chiefly for public affairs, I may be allowed to indulge the wish that you may sometimes be permitted to share in these innocent amusements. I myself would not give up the pleasure I reap from endeavouring to forward those branches of knowledge that tend to promote the peace of\nsociety, and to augment the \u27e8internal\u27e9 happiness of mankind for any consideration whatever\u2014for inefficacious as the efforts of such a being as myself may be, still the hope that they may suggest ideas to others who tho\u2019 they have less time have it more in their power to render them generally beneficial is a source of pleasure.\n        The books I have ordered to be forwarded to you are\u2014A duplicate of the account of Aberdeenshire in case the other one should be lost\u2014and in that case the volumes of the Bee will also be amissing of which I beg you will advise me that I may supply their place\u2014I make no doubt also that Sir John Sinclair will send you the other agricultural surveys, about 60 of which are now printed. Also\n        An Account of the Hebrides & western coasts of Scotland 8vo with a map\n        Essays on Agriculture and rural affairs 2 Vols. 8vo\n        A Treatise on peat moss and the mode of converting it into a cultivable soil.\n        This last was published since the Bee was concluded\u2014It is an object of much importance in this country where peat abounds\u2014but in America, where I have been often assured that no such substance exists it can only be accounted a matter of curiosity. I am just now engaged on drawing up some chapters in Sir John Sinclairs great Agricultural report that is to be presented to parliament\u2014when that work is compleated in all its parts it will give a more accurate view of the internal economy of this nation than ever was given of any kingdom\u2014I shall do my self the honour to forward to you such parts of it as fall to my share as soon as published.\n        In my letter to Mr Collins, I shall state such literary news as I think may not yet have reached america\u2014to which I beg leave to refer.\n        As to political matters\u2014I would fain indulge the hope that all the nations in Europe begin to be tired at butchering one another\u2014for nothing else but this kind of necessity will ever bring about a peace\u2014And I am sincerely happy in being able to say that the Anarcha-mania, to coin a new word, which appeared in this country as a deep rooted malady some time ago\u2014is now effectually subdued for all ranks are now nearly unanimous in guarding against it as they would do against the yellow fever or\nthe pestilence\u2014Even those who were most deeply affected by it show symptoms of convalescence\u2014I only regret that you should have received such copious importations of persons who were infected by it\u2014but I trust they may have so much cooled during their passage as not to have had it in their power to spread the infection in your country\u2014which I have been sorry to observe has not been entirely untainted by it\u2014But I trust that by your exertions it will not get head at present and I have no doubt but it will die out entirely every where in a short time.\n        The shock that credit received two years ago (a necessary check to overgrown speculation) which occasioned such a stagnation to many kinds of business is now nearly overblown\u2014And if we can be kept within the bounds of moderation all will go on very well for years to come but when people find they can walk with ease, they seldom will be satisfied unless they run, and then they will get a fall as before\u2014this is the only evil we have to dread.\n        I rejoice to think that people of common sense both in Britain and America, have preponderated against the hotheaded persons who wished for war\u2014I have often wished could the people be saved, that all those parts of the globe about which we have been squabbling for so many centuries were sunk in the bottom of the sea, if we could not otherwise have got rid of them\u2014but the time is not yet arrived when nations shall have sound understanding.\n        That your life may be long preserved for a blessing to the nation, and your health for a comfort to yourself and friends is the sincere prayer of him, who is, with much respect; and sincere esteem Sir your much obliged\u2014and very Hu. Sert\n          Jas Anderson\n          I was empowered by a gentleman in Britain to offer to purchase the secret of the Silesian hemp manufacture, and wrote to that purpose many months (more than a year) ago\u2014but have received no answer.\n          I send enclosed another curiosity in the manufacturing line\u2014a small pattern of stuff made of wool that grows at the bottom of the hairs of the common goat\u2014which, for softness, exceeds any thing of the wool kind I have seen\u2014This is its natural colour\u2014For further particulars of wool bearing animals, I beg leave to refer to Mr Collins\u2019 letter.\n          P.S. The Mr Callander you mention was an acquaintance of mine\u2014but he acted a part on his leaving this country very unbecoming any man that I should wish to keep up an acquaintance with\u2014I mention this to prevent your forming an improper judgement\u2014by no means with a view to injure the man.\n              18 Volumes of the Bee 4/ each\n          I have still a balance in my hands for which I shall send other articles at some future time.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0168", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 7 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n          Mr Pearce,\n          Philadelphia Decr 7th 1794\n        Your letter of 30th Ulto, with the weekly reports, came safely to hand.\n        By mistake, the sum of \u00a3300 was omitted in the charges against my bond, to Mr Lund Washington; as you have discovered in the above letter. By my mode of settling the bonded account, he will be \u00a37.10.8 in my debt\u2014and by the mode he proposes, I shall be \u00a351.12.11. in his debt. Which of these is the mode by which a\nCourt of Law, or Equity, would settle it, I neither know, nor shall try; all that I can say on the subject, I have already said in my letter to him\u2014viz.\u2014that Mr John Mercer settled my acct with his father\u2019s & Brothers Estates by charging me interest on all his payments; and when I objected thereto, he said it was the method by which the Chanceller in Virginia settled matters of a like nature; which was confirmed by Mr Randolph, who was well acquainted with the practice of that Court. However, as I am determined to have no dispute on the subject, Mr Washington may settle it by which account he pleases both are enclosed\u2014or by striking a medium between the two methods, as shall be most agreeable to his own ideas of justice. Take up my bond, and after tareing my name from it, send it to me. Let all the accounts between him & me be finally closed\u2014and unless there is an absolute occasion for it, do not run me to the expence of smiths work there, or elsewhere, in future.\n        After you have discharged this account\u2014and such others as are known to be due, from me, place the surplus of the money in the bank of Alexandria, and give me the amount of the sum. But on second thoughts, there will be your own wages\u2014the wages of the Overseers\u2014&ca which will be due in a very little time. Let all be paid\u2014for I never like to be in debt to any one\u2014or have any money in my possession that another has a right to call for. You had better therefore pay all these off\u2014detain what is due to yourself\u2014and not close, or transmit your accounts until these are done, and the year is ended, that your next, and every account may commence with the new year.\n        In my last, I desired that my Wheat might all be manufactured and held in readiness for the first good market that shall offer, of which keep me advised. The price of Superfine flour at this place is 65/ pr Barl and that of fine 62/ & 62/6\u2014Wheat from 9/6 to 12/6 according to quality.\n        As your crop of fodder this year has been great, and got in good season\u2014and much more grass than usual cut, I flatter my self you will have a good deal of hay for sale. Be this, however, as it may, do not sell close until you are able to see your way through the winter clearly. I wish that my horses, & stock of every kind should be fed with judicious plenty & \u0153conomy; but without the least profusion or waste. And be particularly attentive whilst you are feeding away the Potatoes to reserve an ample\nstock of them for seed; as also of Turnips. If there came no more than 600 bushels of Potatoes from the field No. 4 & the lots, at Dogue run, the crop must have been a very indifferent one at that place; but I was more anxious to know how many bushels grew in the field No. 4 that I might compare it with the yield of the same field in Corn.\n        I think it would be no unsatisfactory experiment to fat one bullock altogether with Potatoes; another, altogether with Indian meal; and a third with a mixture of both: keeping an exact account of the time they are fatting, and what is eaten of each, and of hay, by the different steers; that a judgment may be formed of the best, and least expensive mode of stall feeding beef for market, or for my own use.\n        You will recollect, that when No. 5 comes into tillage (which I believe it is to do in course, next year) that the Woods within the fence is to be cleared up, and prepared also, for Corn, in order to supply the place of the two lots by the Barn, & the barn yard itself, which were taken from that field.\n        I intended that the sheds at that farm, which were intended to be erected on the brick foundations adjoining the two Corn houses, should be shingled with cyprus, & mention it now, that it may not be misunderstd when the work is gone about.\n        As the wood on my four mile run tract, is the principal value of it, I would not have you delay enquiring into the nature of the tresspasses; nor in punishing of those who are guilty of them, if the proofs are clear.\n        How does the new race at the Mill progress? & when do you conceive it will be fit for use?\n        How does James Donaldson conduct himself? Does he appear to understand well those kinds of work which he professes to have been particularly bred to? And has he moved into the house below the hill? caution him against familiarities with the Negros.\n        I perceive by your last letter that you have moved your family to the ferry, but have left a bed for yourself in the end of the Store. If you had liked it better it would have been quite agreeable to me that you should have retained a room in the house\u2014the one in which I believe you were accustomed to lodge\u2014but do in this matter as is most agreeable to yourself.\n        What was expressed in a former letter respecting the manner\nof treating visitors to Mount Vernon, was laid down as a general rule; but persons not always recommended, or introduced in the manner I described in that letter, may go there, who are entitled to equal civilities; & in such cases you must be governed by your own judgment; and in this I have so much confidence as to rely on it; being well convinced that your regard for propriety will not suffer any misapplication of the means that may be committed to your care, & as far as it is practicable, that you will not suffer the Servants to misapply them. Therefore, for such occasions, and for the use of the sick, I desire you will lay in a box of claret, and some lisbon, or Tenerif wine, that my Madeira may be reserved, as it is old, and not easy to be replaced, for my own use when I get home. I remain your friend & well wisher\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0169", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Henry Knox, 8 December 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Knox, Henry\n        By the President\u2019s order Bw Dandridge sends the enclosed copy of a Resolution of the House of Representatives, to the Secy of War, & requests him to give the information required thereby. The President wishes to see the Secretary in order to converse with him on the subject of the resolution.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0170", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Edmund Randolph, 8 December 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n        By the Presidents order Bw Dandridge returns the draft of a letter to Mr Pinckney, to the Secy of State\u2014& informs him that the President has given it his approbation.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0171", "content": "Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Alexander Hamilton, 9 December 1794\nFrom: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\nTo: Hamilton, Alexander\n        Bw Dandridge respectfully informs the Secretary of the Treasury that the President does not object to granting Mister Bowen\u2019s request if it can be done without injury to the public service.\n        B. Dandridge will thank the Secretary to cause a Warrant to be transmitted to him for two thousand dollars on account of The President\u2019s compensation.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0173", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 10 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          Department of War December 10th 1794\n        I have the honor to submit to your view and correction a proposed statement, in pursuance of the resolve of the house of representatives, on the subject of the Militia. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obedient servant\n          H. Knoxsecy of War", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0175", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 10 December 1794\nFrom: Mifflin, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n        The Secretary at War, in a letter of the 5 inst., transmitted to me a Resolve, containing the unanimous thanks of the House of Representatives to the Militia in actual service for the suppression of the late insurrection; and stated at the same time, your acknowledgments upon the subject.\n        I have taken measures immediately to communicate this honorable testimonial to the officers & privates of the Pennsylvania quota; but I cannot omit, more particularly, to express the high satisfaction which I derive from the assurances, that my conduct, on the late interesting occasion, has met with your approbation. I am, with perfect respect Sir, Yr most obedt &c.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0176", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the U.S. Senate, 10 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n          Gentlemen of the Senate,\n          United States December the 10th 1794\n        I nominate the following persons to fill the offices respectively annexed to their names, some of which became vacant during the recess of the Senate.\n        Arthur St Clair, to be Governor in and over the Territory of the United States, northwest of the river Ohio. continued\u2014the legal term of his former appointment having expired.\n        Winthrop Sargent, to be Secretary in and over the Territory of\nthe United States, northwest of the river Ohio; continued\u2014the legal term of his former appointment having expired.\n        William Blount, to be Governor in and over the Territory of the United States, south of the river Ohio; continued\u2014the legal term of his former appointment having expired.\n        Daniel Smith, to be Secretary in and over the Territory of the United States, south of the river Ohio; continued\u2014the legal term of his former appointment having expired.\n        William Peck, to be Marshal of and for the Rhode-Island District; continued\u2014the legal term of his former appointment having expired.\n        Michael Payne, to be Marshal of and for the North Carolina District; vice John Skinner, resigned.\n        Jacob Graybell, to be Marshal of and for the Maryland District; vice Nathaniel Ramsay, appointed Naval officer of Baltimore.\n        Timothy Pickering, to be Post Master General, under the Act of Congress, of the 8th of May 1794.\n        Henry Miller, of Pennsylvania, to be Supervisor for the Pennsylvania District; vice George Clymer resigned.\n        Thomas Marshal, of Kentuckey, to be Supervisor for the District of Ohio; and Inspector of the revenue for Survey No. 1. in the said District.\n        Ebenezer Sproat, to be Inspector of the revenue for Survey No. 2. in the District of Ohio.\n        Robert Purviance, of Baltimore, to be Collector for the District of Baltimore; vice Otho H. Williams deceased.\n        William Selby, of Maryland, to be Collector for the District of Snow-hill; and Inspector of the revenue for the several ports within the said District; vice John Gunby, resigned.\n        Nathaniel Ramsay, of Maryland, to be Naval Officer for the District of Baltimore; vice Robert Purviance, appointed Collector.\n        William Reynolds, of Virginia, to be Collector for the District of York Town; and Inspector of the revenue for the port of York Town; vice Abraham Archer superceded.\n        Thomas Jones, of Virginia, to be Collector for the District of Hampton; and Inspector of the revenue for the port of Hampton; vice George Wray, resigned.\n        Francis Coffyn, to be Consul of the United States of America for the port of Dunkirk in France; and for such other places as shall be nearer to the said port than to the residence of any\nother Consul or Vice-Consul of the United States within the same allegiance.\n        Philip Feliechy, to be Consul of the United States of America for the port of Leghorn; and for such other places as shall be nearer to the said port, than to the residence of any other Consul or Vice-Consul of the United States within the same allegiance; he having been nominated at the last session by the name of Peter Feliechy.\n        Hans Heissel, to be Consul of the United States of America, to reside on the coast of Barbary.\n        William Vans junior, to be Consul of the United States of America for the port of Morlaix in France; and for such other places as shall be nearer to the said port than to the residence of any other Consul or Vice Consul of the United States within the same allegiance.\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0177", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 11 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n        I have the pleasure to submit the enclosed dispatches just received from Governor Blount. I have the honor to be, Sir, Most respectfully, Your obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0178", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 11 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          Department of War December 11th 1794\n        Notwithstanding the agreeable view of affairs transmitted by Governor Blount I have the mortification of submitting to you a letter of more recent date of quite a contrary complexion which I presume is authentic. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your obed. Servant\n          H. Knoxsecy of War", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0179", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 11 December 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n        Philadelphia December 11. 1794. \u00bd past 12. o\u2019clock E. Randolph with respectful compliments to the President, informs him, that he is obliged to go home, in order to take a dose of physic for the relief of his stomach and head from a load of bile, which is very oppressive and makes him very giddy.\n        E.R. had the honor of calling at the President\u2019s, while he was out on horseback; in order to deliver a copy of his account of expenditures up to the 1st of July last. Duplicates will be ready for the two houses of congress.\n        Nothing new has occurred to-day.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0181", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Giuseppe Chiappe, 12 December 1794\nFrom: Chiappe, Giuseppe\nTo: Washington, George\n          Excellence\n          Mogador [Morocco] le 12 Decembre 1794\n        Je me donne de rechef l\u2019honneur de m\u2019addresser par celle cy \u00e0 V. Exce pour lui representer que je me trouve depuis longtemps priv\u00e9 de reponse aux diverses lettres que j\u2019ai eu l\u2019honneur\nde lui ecrire par la voye de Londres ainsi que par celles de Cadix & Gibraltar, chose qui m\u2019afflige & chagrine, n\u2019en pouvant Savoir la cause, Si par hazard j\u2019ai manqu\u00e9 en quelque chose \u00e0 mon devoir je prie votre Exce de croire que \u00e7\u2019est involontairement \u00e7\u2019est pourquoi j\u2019ose esperer de votre bont\u00e9 que vous voudres bien m\u2019absoudre vut l\u2019innocence de mes intentions & croire en m\u00eame temps que je Suis toujours plein de Zele & de respect pour l\u2019honorable Nation Americaine. cecy presupos\u00e9 je continuerai de faire part \u00e0 Votre Exce des nouvelles Politique de cet Empire Maroc la Capitale a \u00e9t\u00e9 assieg\u00e8e pendant pres de deux mois par les Provinces de Son Voisinage, Suscit\u00e8es a force d\u2019argent par Sy Abdrahman Ben Assar Gouverneur de la Ville de Saffy & de toutte la Province de Abda, Son but etoit de Faire expulser Muley Ischem qui avoit cy devant \u00e9t\u00e9 proclam\u00e9 Roy ou Soit Empereur, la Ville de Maroc vouloit Souttenir cette proclamation, plusieurs batailles en ont etes les Suittes avec quelque mortalit\u00e9 des deux c\u00f4tes, Surquoi Sy Abdrahman Ben Nassar pour prevenir une majeure effusion du Principeaux de Sa Province pour aller traitter la Paix qui S\u2019est enfin conclue Sour la Condition qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 accord\u00e9e de retroceder de la Proclamation de Muley Ischem qui Se trouve reduit au rang de Simple Prince Sans aucune part au Gouvernement, les Habitants de Maroc & les Gens des Provinces vouloient le faire accompagner a Sal\u00e9 avec tous les honneurs dus a Son Sang, & en lui fournissant tout ce qui lui seroit necessaire, le jour du depart etoit fix\u00e9, mais l\u2019avant veille il jugea convenable de S\u2019enfuir durant la nuit \u00e0 un Sanctuaire proche de Maroc nom\u00e9 l\u2019Eglise de Sy Ballabes, ou il paroit que Sy Abdrahman Ben Nassar n\u2019est pas intention\u00e9 de le laisser en repos; cependant l\u2019autre Prince qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 Proclam\u00e9 au Nort & que notre ville a egallement reconnu depuis quelque temps & qui Se nome Muley Soliman S\u2019est attir\u00e9 par Ses bonnes qualit\u00e9s, l\u2019amour & l\u2019obeissance de touttes les Provinces du Nort ou il Se fait aimer & respecter par la prudence avec la quelle il les Gouverne, on nous fait esperer que nous ne tarderons pas a le voir icy, ce qui est fort a Souhaitter pour remettre l\u2019ordre dans les Provinces, & la Suret\u00e8 des routes; j\u2019ai l\u2019honneur d\u2019etre connu de ce Prince & de re\u00e7evoir de ses Lettres ou il daigne m\u2019assurer de Sa Protection & me fait aussi bien des promesses tres flatteuses, a Sa venue je me flatte de les voir realizer & lorsque je Serai admis a Son Audience je ne manquerai pas de proffitter de la bonne volont\u00e8\nqu\u2019il me temoigne pour lui exposer & representer (Suivant mon devoir) tout ce que je croirai convenable pour L\u2019Honorable Nation Americaine & aurai Soin d\u2019instruire Votre Excellence du resultat de mes demarches; je ne dois pas obmettre de vous dire que Sur la nouvelle qu\u2019il eut du Siege de Maroc & de la deposition de Son Frere Muley Ischem, il lui ecrivit, lui offrant de Se retirer a Sal\u00e9, ou comme bon Frere il lui donner\u00e1 tout ce qui lui Ser\u00e1 necessa\u27e8ire\u27e9 & agreable, Muley Soliman dezire fort que les Puissan\u27e8ces\u27e9 Europeennes envoyent leurs Ambassadeurs pour le reconnoitre & renouveller les traittes, aussit\u00f4t qu\u2019elles l\u2019auront fait j\u2019en instruirai Votre Excellence afin que L\u2019Honorable Congres puisse d\u00e9cider a cet egard Ce que leur prudence croira le plus Convenable, entre temps je prie Votre Excellence de vouloir bien rapeller mes Services aux Representants de l\u2019honorable Nation & de me Croire avec une respectueu\u27e8se\u27e9 Soummission De Votre Excellence Le Tres hble & tres Obeissant Serviteur.\n          Giuseppe Chiappe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0182", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Caleb Gibbs, 12 December 1794\nFrom: Gibbs, Caleb\nTo: Washington, George\n        By the Schooner Porga Captn Coffin who sails to morrow for Philadelphia I do myself the pleasure to ship you two packages\nof the very best of Isle of shoal dumb fish, which I beg your acceptance of.\n        Knowing your fondness for those kind of fish (and being in possession of some of them) Induced me to forward a small quantity to you by this conveyance.\n        Hopeing they may get safe to hand and in good order is the wish of him who ever was and ever will be With the greatest respect and personal attachment Dear Sir Your most Obedient and most humble servant\n          Caleb Gibbs.\n          P.S. Be pleased to offer me in terms of the highest Respect to Mrs Washington.\n          Inclosed is the bill of lading for the fish.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0183", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Amelie-Maxime-Rosalie de Grasse, 12 December 1794\nFrom: Grasse, Amelie-Maxime-Rosalie de\nTo: Washington, George\n          Monsieur\n        Il faut autent conter Sur votre bont\u00e9 pour ozer renouveller, mes importunitees, Si ma premiere lettre vous Est parvenue, Elle vous a fait connoitre, et notre confiance En vous, et notre affreuse position, d\u2019aggnez monsieur y avoir Egard, En vous Seule Est notre Esperence, nous Sommes absolument denu\u00e9es de tout et ne prevoyant pas la fin de nos maux, nous ne\nSubsistons depuis sept mois que de la vente de nos bijoux, mais Monsieur ces foibles resources, sonts totalement Epus\u00e9es. Si vous ne venez a notre Secour nous ne pourons plus nous procurer, les premiers besoins, de la vie.\n        Veuilliez donc Monsieur vous interesser a nous, et nous accorder soit quelques Acres de terre, que nous cultiverions, et nos premiers traveaux et leurs fruits Seroient Employez a nous acquiter de lavance que lon nous aurois faite.\n        Lamitiez que vous vouliez bien avoir pour mon pere, cette bien Sincere, quil vous portoit, les Sentiments destime, et de v\u00e9n\u00e9ration, quil nous a inspir\u00e9es pour vos vertus, nous sonts un Sur garent de votre bienveuillance pour ces filles.\n        Pardonnez monsieur ma t\u00e9merit\u00e9 Elle na dexcuse que dans votre indulgence, et nos malheurs. Si rien ne peut Etre comparer a nos souffrances, il Seroit impossible de trouver un Sentiment Egale a notre reconnoissance. c\u2019est En vous renouvellant mes regrets de vous Ennuyer de nos peines et en vous demendant vos bont\u00e9s Et protection que j\u2019ai l\u2019honneur D\u2019etre Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres Ob\u00ebisante Servante\n          de Grasse\n          si vous m\u2019honor\u00e9 d\u2019une r\u00e9ponce faite la moi adressez cet mr Robinson Salem.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0184", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 12 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lear, Tobias\n          My dear Sir,\n          Philadelphia Decr 12th 1794\n        Your letter of the 5th instt, and the Receipt for the second payment of the lots I purchased on the Eastern branch, in the Federal City, came duly to hand.\n        You are perfectly at liberty to examine my Presses and Trunks at Mount Vernon for any papers I may have respecting the transactions of the Directors of the Potomack Compa., or any matters & things which may concern the navigation of that River. Mrs Fanny Washington has the master key of all the others; from whom you can get it; but whether the papers you are in pursuit of are to be found in the Press, or in any trunk, I am unable to inform you. The keys of the locked trunks are, if I remember rightly, in my writing table; the key of which remains in it.\n        For many very important reasons (unnecessary to enumerate to you) the navigation of that river ought to be pushed forward with all the celerity which the nature of the work will admit. viewing the matter as I do, I shall not neglect any fair opportunity of facilitating a visit from Mr Weston to that quarter\u2014but (under the rose, I must say it) however fair the assurances of his going thither may be, you may take it for granted, that from motives of jealousy, there is a countertide to that measure; and I wish you may not find something similar to it in another quarter, if the operations on the Shanondoah are postponed much longer. Do not forget, how the trade of Fredericksburgh, Falmouth, Hanover town on York River, and indeed Richmond itself, will be affected by the opening of this navigation\u2014I should not be at all surprized therefore, if future applications to the Assembly of V\u2014\u2014a (if there be occasion to make any) respecting it, shd meet with much coldness & difficulty.\n        I should not, any more than you, be disposed to confide in the opinion of Mr Claiborne\u2019s Engineer; nor (in confidence to you) to Mr Claiborne himself; but as he speaks in exalted terms of this man (for you must know Claiborne is now in this City, and has mentioned the matter also to me) a little money might not be misapplied in obtaining the opinion of this Engineer; to see how far it would accord with Mr Weston\u2019s\u2014if he can be got there; without, if he shd follow after, letting him know what that opinion is. \u2019Tis possible, this person may unite (as Claiborne\nsays he does) both science & practice. If so, & he should possess other requisites, he might be useful\u2014Tryal of, without a reliance upon him, cannot be injurious.\n        Mr Jonathan Trumbull has once or twice asked me what reply the Comrs of the Federal City have made to the letter of his brother John which I sent to them\u2014be so good as to remind them, or either of them wch you may first see, of this matter. I am Yours affectly\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0186", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 13 December 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: Washington, George\n          Private\n          Saturday morning Decr 13. 1794.\n        The Algerine captain; who has lately been travelling thro\u2019 New England, and the states north of this place, is arrived here;\nand called upon me yesterday with a kind of introductory letter from the Vice President. The Algerine tells me, that Mr Adams means to introduce him to you this morning; and therefore I think it my duty to give you my conjectures concerning him. They are, I confess, not capable of positive proof.\n        His name is Ibrahim Argelon; speaks bad French, mixed with Italian and Spanish; and does not appear to be a man of any kind of learning. His story is, that he was born in Morocco; went early, about three years old, to Algiers; became a captain in the Alegerine Service; was taken about nine years ago by a Neapolitan privateer; was confined in consequence of his capture at Naples for two years; spent the other seven years in Spain and other places in Europe; and was driven to America in attempting to get to Denmark or Sweden. The reason assigned for his not returning to Algiers is, that he would be punished capitally there, for suffering himself to be taken alive. Now his intention is to go to Morocco, and intreat the emperor, who, by being a Mahometon prophet, has great influence over the Dey of Algiers, to intercede for him with the Dey.\n        The Algerine brings with him many attestations of his worth under the hands of the Queen of Prussia, the Duke of Brunwick, and many other men with sounding titles; and if we could be sure of their authenticity, we might be also sure, that he is a man of some consideration. But it is so easy to fabricate them for deceiving those, who cannot possibly know, how to say, that they are not genuine, that I must form my opinion upon the following circumstances.\n          1. His story is very oddly mixed up.\n          2. He is clearly a beggar; as is manifested by a subscription in Boston to the amount of two hundred dollars.\n          3. He has availed himself of his being a Freemason, to lay every lodge under contribution within his reach.\n          4. He is precisely the same kind of character, which was here about eighteen months ago and took in several of the citizens; among whom were some of the sharpest Jews in America.\n          5. He was very importunate to learn from me, what the French were doing for us in Algiers: three times I evaded his questions; but he returned to the charge without giving any reason for his solicitude.\n        Governor Adams and Governor Fenner have given him very\nhospitable passports; and every additional mark of attention is a groundwork for asking something more. He suggested to me, that his present object is to petition the President and Congress to furnish him with the means to go to Baltimore and from thence to Cadiz. I told him, that he had better put what he had in view upon paper, and I would inform him, whether I thought it right or not. He said he would do so. I have the honor to be Sir, with affectionate attachment and respect yr mo. ob. serv.\n          Edm: Randolph", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0188", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 14 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n          Mr Pearce\n          Philadelphia Decr 14th 1794\n        Your letter of the 7th instt, enclosing the reports of the preceeding week, came duly to hand.\n        I approve your idea of clearing up the wood between the fence and the road, and letting it lay over to another year; but quere, would it not be better, instead of cleaning the ground thoroughly, and exposing the earth to the rays of the summers sun, to have it well grubbed, & lye with all the brush on it until the proper period arrives for breaking it up for Corn? In many places, this is a universal practice; and in the opinion of some (especially in the Northern & Eastern States) an indispensable one. They have\ntwo ways of doing this. The one is, by letting the brush lye on the ground until the leaves, and small twigs have fallen, & are beginning to rot; which, when plowed in, occasions putrefaction & fermentation, and of course more product, after these have happened. The other is, to let the brush lye (not in heaps, by piling it up, but as it is cut off) until the Spring, and then set fire to it; which spreading over the whole surface, equally, warms the earth, while the ashes serve as a manure. wch of these is best, or whether either of them are better than to expose the soil to the Sun (as it is of a cold & sour nature) deserves consideration. At any rate I agree with you in opinion, that it is best, as you have already plowed up No. 6 at Muddy hole, not to tend the ground (now in wood, and of wch we are speaking) in Corn next year. My wish, as I mentioned in a former letter, is, that when the ground is cleared, every thing that can be taken up by the Roots may be grubbed; for though more time will be required to do this\u2014yet, in the end, labour will be saved by it; as to lay the grubs all one way, will also do.\n        I am very willing that you shd tend the Number of Corn holes at the mansion house which you propose, & with the force belonging to that place; but do you not mean to comprehend the ground between the Orchard & outer fence, as well as the Orchard itself? the first is necessary in order to clean, & get the ground in order; as bushes & shrubs are spreading over it. But where, & in what manner do you mean to have the communication between the Stables & the pasture below the Hill? The most natural one, at least the one most out of sight, would be by a lane around the clover lot, by the Quarters back side. The fence to inclose that field, for Corn, ought not to appear in view of the house; & for that reason shd descend the hill (far enough to effect this purpose) that goes from the lot where the Potatoes grew last year to where the old cabbins stood.\n        I likewise think with you that the field between the Meadows and Mill would hardly pay the cost of cultivation until all the woods which are therein is cleared up; and therefore have no objection to letting it remain awhile longer: but I cannot consent, in order to effect this, to be tending the same fields over & over again; because they may happen, at this moment, to be in somewhat better condition. This would be continuing a practice which has been the destruction of my land hitherto, and which\nmy great aim & endeavor is to avoid. By the last report from Union farm I perceive you are plowing in No. 6, but for what purpose I cannot conceive, as I have not recollection enough of my plan of rotine to decide whether it is agreeable thereto\u2014but know that it was in small grain last year & in Corn the year before and parts of it extremely poor. Nor do I at this moment call to mind, what field, at that farm, goes into Corn next year; if it be No. 4, as part of it, according to both our ideas had better lay longer untilled, I would ask whether the difficiency might not be made up for the hands thereof by tending the Inclosure between the white gates & the gate in the hollow? Good part of that Inclosure, if the trees were trimmed up, and in some places thinned, would bring (for it has brought) good corn.\n        I hope, and wish, Allison may turn out well. I know nothing of the one you have engaged\u2014but it is a family of very little respectability, and closely connected with a set of people about my Mill\u2014the Pools particularly\u2014than whom I believe, a more worthless set are no where to be found. It was this Allison too, if I mistake not, with whom Crow spent, or rather mispent much of his time.\n        I remember well your speaking to me concerning the erecting sheds for the Cattle by the New barn at Union farm & my consent thereto\u2014nor do I object to them now\u2014On the contrary am much pleased that you are extending them to all the farms\u2014but desire that these may not prevent the erection of those I had contemplated by the Barn at Dogue run for the work horses & cattle, so soon as the Carpenters are enabled to build them.\n        I perceive you are gathering thorn berries, with which I am pleased; but to turn them to account they must lye buried a year before they are sown\u2014I presume however, you have informed yourself of all this.\n        Is it possible that the Wheat you send to Mill should only weigh 48\u00bd & 49 lbs. pr Bl? the Millers report says this.\n        Let me have the dates of the deposits of the money which you placed in the Bank of Alexandria; they are not mentioned in the Memm which came in your last letter.\n        Is Oneil still quarrying stone at Mount Vernon? What has he raised and what has become of it. I remain\u2014Your friend &ca\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0189", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Moreau de St. M\u00e9ry & Company, 15 December 1794\nFrom: Moreau de St. M\u00e9ry & Company\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia 15th Xber 1794.\n        Deign receive with Goodness the advise of our new Establishment in a City where Lives the precious and dear father of the all united states. our most exciting encouragement would be that it could inspire your Excellency with Some Benevolence. We are with the utmost Respect sir of your Excellency The most obedient & very humble servants\n          Moreau de st m\u00e9ry & Co.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0190-0001", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 15 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\n            Philadelphia Decr 15th 1794.\n          For the reasons mentioned to you the other day\u2014viz.\u2014the Virginia Assembly being in Session\u2014and a plan being on foot for establishing a Seminary of learning upon an extensive scale in the Federal city\u2014it would oblige me if you and Mr Madison would endeavor to mature the measures which will be proper for me to pursue in order to bring my designs into view, as soon as you can make it convenient to yourselves.\n          I do not know that the enclosed, or sentiments similar to them are proper to be engrafted in the communications which are to be made to the Legislature of Virginia, or to the Gentleman who are named as Trustees of the Seminary which is proposed to be established in the federal city, but as it is an extract of what is contained in my Will, on this subject, I send it merely for consideration.\n          The shares in the different Navigations to be located, & applied, in the manner which has been the subject of conversations. Yours affectionately\n            Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0190-0002", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Extract from GW\u2019s Will, 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: \n          It has always been a source of serious reflection, and of sincere regret with me, to see the youth of these United States sent to foreign countries for the purpose of education (perhaps, before their minds are formed, or they have any correct ideas of the blessings of the country they leave)\u2014Where, besides contracting habits of dissipation and extravagance\u2014principles unfriendly to republican government, and to the rights of man, may be imbibed and found difficult to eradicate.\n          For these reasons, it has long been an ardent wish of mine, to see some plan adopted by which a general & liberal diffusion of learning could be dissiminated, systematically, through all parts of this rising empire; thereby, and as far the nature of the thing will admit, and in itself would be proper, to do away local attachments, and state prejudices from our public councels.\n          Hoping that so desireable an object will \u2019ere long be viewed in the important light I think it merits, my mind is unable to contemplate any measure more likely to effect it than the establishment of a University; where young men from all parts of the United States (after having passed through a preparative course of education) may, under Professors of the first reputation in the different branches of literature\u2014arts & Sciences\u2014compleat their studies; and get fixed in the principles of the Constitution\u2014understand the Laws\u2014and the true interests & policy of their Country, as well as the professions they mean to pursue. And moreover (which is not the least, among the advantages of such a plan) by forming acquaintances with each other in early life, avoid those local prejudices & habitual jealousies which, when carried to excess, are never failing sources of disquietude in the public mind, and but too pregnant of mischievous consequences.\n          Under these impressions I give and bequeath for ever, the shares I hold under an Act of the Legislature of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the navigations of the Rivers Potomac and James towards the endowment of a University to be established within the limits of the Federal district, provided a well digested plan for the same shall be adopted for the purpose before the year 1800. If not then &ca &ca &ca.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0192", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Richard Claiborne, 16 December 1794\nFrom: Claiborne, Richard\nTo: Washington, George\n        In consequence of the conversation I had the honour to have with Your Excellency the other morning\u2014and the permission you were pleased to give me of making my communications to you\u2014I have the satisfaction to inform you that the mechanical Concern in which I am engaged in Philadelphia\u2014will undertake to effect the Canal and the Locks on the Potomac River, and the watering of the Federal City, with as much facility, and as well, as such works are executed in any part of Europe\u2014and that the Concern are ready to appoint a resident Engineer upon the Premises, as soon as terms can be agreed on\u2014and they will be responsible for his integrity and ample ability\u2014And I beg leave further to observe, that, the Concern would recommend the suppression of the present intended Lock, on account of one of much greater utility, which they are in the possession of, and which they mean to introduce generally into the Country. I have the honour to remain\u2014With the highest respect Your Excellency\u2019s most obedient and most humble Servant\n          Rd Claiborne", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0194", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 16 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n        Please to submit to the President of the U.S., the enclosed letters from Genl Wayne of the 17th October, (duplicate the first not received) and the 12th of Novr. They have been just received I have not perused the enclosures conceiving it proper that the President should see the letters as early as possible in the morning as some measures may be proper to be taken thereon in order to lay them before Congress. I shall therefore wait upon him at 9 oClock tomorrow morning to take his orders respecting the papers. Yours", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0195", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 17 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n        I have the honor to submit to you, letters from Governor Blount just received, dated the 18th 22d and 28th November\u2014I submit the propriety of having these copied together with his former letters and laid before Congress immediately. I am, most respectfully, Sir, Your obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0197", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the U.S. Senate, 17 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n          United States, Decem: 17th 1794.\n        Gentlemen of the Senate,\n        I nominate Charles Cochran of South Carolina, to be Marshal of and for the District of South Carolina; vice Daniel L. Huger, resigned. and\n        Thomas Waters Griffith, of Maryland, to be Consul of the United States of America, for the port of Havre Marat, in France; and for such other places as shall be nearer to the said port than to the residence of any other Consul or Vice-Consul of the United States within the same allegiance.\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0198", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, 17 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate and House of Representatives\n          United States, Decem: 17th 1794.\n          Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.\n        I lay before Congress copies of the Journal of the proceedings in the Executive Department of the Government of the U. States, south of the river ohio, to the 1st of September 1794.\n          Go. Washington.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0200", "content": "Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 18 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Jay, John\n          My dear Sir,\n          Philadelphia Decr 18th 1794.\n        Since writing to you by Mr Bayard\u2014about the first of November\u2014I have been favored with your letters of the 13th of Septembr and 2d of October.\n        As the sentiments contained in the first of these, respecting the communications of Mr Monroe to the National Convention of France, were also transmitted in a private letter from you to the Secretary of State, and replied to by him (both of which I have seen) I shall dwell no longer on that subject than just to observe\u20141st that considering the place in which they were delivered, and the neutral policy this country had resolved to pursue, it was a measure that does not appear to have been well devised by our Minister\u20142d Aware of this himself, & that his conduct would be criticised, he has assigned reasons for its adoption: a summary of which are, that the Navy officers, & Privateersmen of France, who had resorted to our Ports, and had been laid under such restrictions as neutral policy required, from us altho\u2019 disagreeable to them had represented this country (and not without effect) as unfriendly to the French revolution; to do away wch he found himself necessitated to counteract them by strong assurances of the good dispositions of the people of these U. States towards that nation. And 3dly although I think with you that in order to accomplish this he has stepped beyond the true line, yet, under the then existing circumstances, the expression of such reciprocal good will, was susceptible of two views; one of which even in the pending state of the negotiation (by alarming, as well as offending the B: Ministry) might have no unfavorable operation in bringing matters to a happy & speedy result; than which nothing is more desirable, or can be more ardently wished for by the friends of peace & good order in this Ctry.\n        As the Secretary of State has written to you several times since the receipt of your statement of the Negotiation on the 13th of\nSeptember, I shall add nothing to the observations which are contained in his letters, on the subject thereof.\n        The business of the Session, hitherto, has been tranquil, and I perceive nothing at this time, to make it otherwise, unless the result of the Negotiation (which is anxiously expected by all) should produce divisions. As yet no details have been handed to Congress on this subject\u2014indeed no communication of that business has been made to any body except those immediately about me in the Executive departmts.\n        A paragraph, of which the enclosed is a copy, is running through all our Gazettes; accompanied with a report that the United States are contemplated as Mediator between France & England. To ascertain by what authority the first was inserted, Bache, in whose paper it first appeared, has been called upon by the Secretary of State but no satisfactory answer has been obtained from him as yet. With respect to the other it seems to have originated on the other side of the Water, and is of a delicate nature, the very idea of which, under the present successes of the French Arms (admitting it should be agreeable to the other power) would, it is conceived, convey unpleasant sensations, and be viewed in an evil light by that nation, unless intimations to the contrary should first come from them.\n        The Virginia escheats of British property do not, as I am informed, stand upon the ground as related to you; but as I am not accurately enough read in the law respecting these escheats, to be precise in my recital of it, I will request the Secretary of State to give you the principles thereof.\n        As I expected, and as you have been informed the result would probably be, so it has happened that, the Western Insurrection has terminated highly honorable for this country; which, by the energy of its laws, & the good dispositions of its citizens, have brought the rioters to a perfect sense of their duty without shedding a drop of blood. In the eyes of Foreigners, among us, this affair stands in a high point of respectability. With great truth I remain\u2014Dr Sir Your Affectionate\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0201", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Hugh Williamson, 18 December 1794\nFrom: Williamson, Hugh\nTo: Washington, George\n        Being uncertain whether a Letter came to Hand that I presumed to forward last Year from Edenton I take the Liberty, before I leave Town, to repeat the substance of that Letter.\n        Desirous as I am to be near my Children while they are educated and that in a healthy Climate I would be much gratified with any Employment at the Seat of Government to which my Industry and Talents are equal. It has lately been reported that several Heads of Departments are about to retire from Office, I refer not to those Places, but it may chance that some of those Places shall be filled by removing or promoting other Officers whereby other Places may become vacant which are less important, less enviable and therefore more desirable.\n        Be this as it may, you shall not be troubled with personal solicitations by myself nor any other Person, with my consent, on this Subject. I remain with the utmost Respect Sir your most obedient and very humble Servant\n          Hu. Williamson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0202", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Burgess Ball, 19 December 1794\nFrom: Ball, Burgess\nTo: Washington, George\n          Leesburg [Va.] 19th of December 1794.\n        Your Letter of the 25th of September I recd in due time, in which you mention\u2019d your Expectation of seeing Genl Knox daily, and that you wd deliver him my Letter. Soon after you set out for the Army I recd a Letter from him, in which he inform\u2019d me, that my Idea of the 100 Acres might be adapted, but that application must be made to the Assembly of Virga, and that after obtaing Permission, Arrangements wd be made by the Secretary of the Treasury for the Purchase. Being inform\u2019d that an Act has pass\u2019d, authorising the Purchase of 640 Acres on the Potomack, I thought I wd now again begg leave to trouble you on the Subject, just to request, that the Bussiness may be finish\u2019d as soon as convenient, provided, the Purchase is made of me, as I am desireous of purchasing a small Farm near me, for which I\u2019m to give 20 dollars \u214c Acre. Lands in this part of the Country (in expectation of havg the River navigable in a Year or two) are rising very fast, and particularly Water situations. Your Sentiments respectg the Democratic Societies I ever thought were perfectly just, and I believe but few good men can be of a different oppinion, \u2019tho I sometimes find some men who are Advocates for \u2019em: I\u2019m sorry to find our House of Representatives have had so much Altercation upon the Subject, especially, as the Matter was at length rejected, as I fear \u2019twill be rather an Encouragement than otherwise for them in future, but I still hope, the recollection of the trouble & Expence incur\u2019d by the Insurrection will have a proper Effect on the Minds of the People at large. I will now take the liberty of touching on Domestic Matters, as I know that of Farming is always agreeable to you\u2014The Early wheat I find a valuable Grain indeed\u2014I sow\u2019d Nine Bushells in Octr 93, on abt 10 Acres of Ground, and I measur\u2019d 197 Bush: of good wheat\u2014It was, from the time of being sow\u2019d very much trespass\u2019d upon by Horses and other kinds of Creatures (owing to my Indisposition and the Carelessness of the Overseer) and, even when in Shocks, so that I concieve (& so does all who observ\u2019d it) upwards of 250 Bush: might have been made especially, had it been cut sooner, and which it might have been, at least 10 or 12 days\u2014I have this Fall sown 185 Bush: of this wheat, & expect to exchange all, that I\nshall not want for my own use, at the rate, one for two, which I hope will make my Crop pretty large the next year.\n        I thank God! Mrs Ball and myself have again got pretty well, and our Childn are all perfectly hearty\u2014We have just retd from an Excursion to Fredericksbg thro Orange and Culpeper, and found all our friends well; but Old Mrs Thornton and her Son Frank are dead since we moved from thence. Wishing you & yours every felicity, in which Fanny joins me, I am Dear sir with the highest Esteem Yr Affect. Hbe servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0203", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Charles Peter Carpantier, c.19\u201321 December 1794\nFrom: Carpantier, Charles Peter\nTo: Washington, George\n          May it please your Excellency\n        Charles peter Carpentier takes the Liberty to lay under your Excellency\u2019s perusal 1\u00b0 the petition of Messrs Munnikhuysen & Saddler to juge paca. 2\u00b0 the decision of his honour the Secretary of the treasury Concerning some difficulties arised between them and the Collector of Baltimore in which your petitioner is wholy concerned throu\u2019 the medium of Said Munnikhuysen & Saddler agreably to the Law a Security of Six thousand dollars was given by them to the officers of the Custom\u2019s which bond was warranted to them by your petitionner. by the perusal of the two peices of writing herewith annexed, your Excellency will be informed of the motives which gave rise to those difficulties. your petitioner dares to Expect from the Justice his Cause, the Equity and humanity of your Excellency you will be pleased to discharge Munnikhuysen and Saddler of their Bond, the Secretary of the treasury not thinking it to be within the limits of his power So to do, what will enable your petitioner to Enjoy a Little property by them detained on that account, the only remains of a fortune left to him to Support himself in a Strange Country. and your petitioner as in duty bound will pray\n          Carpantier", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0204", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 19 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n        The Secretary of the Treasury has the honor to communicate to the President a letter from the Commissioner of the Revenue of the 13th instant, on the subject of a Keeper of the Lighthouse (Lighted Beacon) near Sherburn in Nantucket. He believes that it is adviseable to appoint the person therein mentioned. \u2019Tis a case, in which there is not likely to be much choice.\n          A. Hamilton", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0205", "content": "Title: John Holland Barney to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 20 December 1794\nFrom: Barney, John Holland\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n          Havre degrace [Md.] 20 Dcr 94\n        I am Sorry to inform you that the Presidents servant Austin in Attempting this Morning to Cross a Run near Harford Town, is Likely to Loose his Life. he is now at Mrs Stiles at Harford but intirely Given over by the Docter. he was with Great Difficulty Draged Out of the Water by her servant. I am yrs in Haste\n          Jno: H: Barney", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0206", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Herman Stump, 20 December 1794\nFrom: Stump, Herman\nTo: Washington, George\n          Harford Maryland 20th Decr 1794\n        I have to inform you of a disagreeable circumstance, this Morning before Sun Rise your Mullato Man in attempting to cross the Run by this place between this & Abbingdon fell from his Horse & went a small distance down the Stream a Negro Man of Mrs Stiless who keeps the Public Inn at this place & went\nwith him to see him cross the Run got him out speechless he was taken to Mrs Stiles & a Physician procured immediately but nothing could save his life. he expired about the middle of the day I thought it my duty to inform you by first Post. I had occasion to inform you of the death of your Horse at this place once before so that you may consider me the messenger of bad News I am sorry that I should have occasion so to do\u2014A Coffin is bespoke & I expect he will be Burried to Morrow.\n        Now while writing I beg leave to mention a circumstance to you I am informed an Unkle of mine Hermon Husband is taken up & confined in the Goal of Phila. on suspicion of being one of the Insurgents that resisted the execution of the Excise Law. I know that his Sentiments was always in favor of the Law & that he endeavored all he could to prevent the people of the Western Counties from opposing the execution of the Law & prevented the most of the people in Bedford County from opposing the Execution of it. & I know he is a good friend to Liberty & his Country & opposed British Tyranny very early though not with success at that time he was very active in the time of the War & did all he could against the British During the War & if we had not succeeded in the revolution he would have been one of the first sacrafises to British Tyranny as they thought his conduct with the Regulators in Carolina the first thing that brought on the War which brought on the seperation from Britain a Member of Congress informs me that he heard you say that Hermon Husband was an old offender this makes me think you are misinformd certainly his having always resisted British Tyranny could not make you view him as an old offender because you resisted them With success yourself he has many friends because he is a friend to Liberty & Mankind & is a friend to our Goverment which I hope will induce you from motives of Humanity to consider an old Man that intends no harm & has always been unfortunate & not be prejudiced againt him from hear say his Innocence I make not the least doubt will be proven if justice is done him by the Evidences & as he is confined on Suspicion if in your power please to alleviate his sufferings as much as consistent with Law I write in haste & hope youl excuse my Freedom wishing honor Health & Happiness I remain Your Humble Servt\n          Herman Stump", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0208", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 21 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lear, Tobias\n          My dear Sir,\n          Philadelphia Decr 21st 1794.\n        Your letter of the 17th instt was received yesterday, and I am glad to find that an act of the Virginia Assembly has been obtained, for prolonging the term for the completion of the inland navigation of the Potomac. The like I hope has been, or will be obtained, this Session, in the Assembly of Maryland.\n        A good opportunity presenting itself on thursday last, I embraced it, to enquire of Mr Morris, if the Directors of that company might entertain any hope of deriving aid from Mr Weston\u2019s opinion, respecting the Lock seats at the Great fall of that river; his answer was, \u201cMr Weston, from some peculiar circumstances attending their own concerns, had been prevented from visiting that spot, as was intended; but that he was now expected to be in this City in a few days (as I understood) when he wd propose, & urge his going thither.\u201d\n        The plan of Mr Claiborn\u2019s Engineer, as far as I understand it, is to avoid locks altogether. The vessels are received into a basket or cradle, and let down by means of a laver & pullies;\nand raised again by weights at the hinder extremity of the laver, which works on an axis at the head of a substantial post fixed about the centre of the laver. On this principle, but differently constructed, Mr Greenleaf a few months ago shewed me a model, the efficacy of which he seemed to entertain the most exalted opinion. My doubts of the utility of both arise, first, from the insufficiency of any machinery of this sort to bear the weight of the cradle when charged with water, & a loaded boat therein; and its aptness to get out of order by means thereof; secondly I do not find that they are in general use; and thirdly because, if I recollect rightly, Mr Weston has told me (but of this I am not certain) that no method of raising & lowering boats, had been found equal to that of Locks\u2014Still, as I observed in my last, I should be for hearing the opinions, & explanations of any, and every Scientific, & practical character that could be easily got at, on this subject: & therefore, would hear Claiborn\u2019s Engineer, as well as Mr Weston; especially as he professes to be particularly well skilled in the application of steam, in propelling boats (in an easy & cheap manner) against the stream; & in conducting of water to cities, or for any other purpose whatsoever.\n        The Bill you allude to has not passed, nor do I know what shape it will take if it does; & therefore can say nothing more on the subject, at this time, than that there will be no precipitancy in engaging either the Agent, or the means of carrying the law into effect, if the measure which I have recommended should be adopted; with the importance of it I am strongly impressed; consequently, if any thing should be required of the President towards carrying it into execution, I shall feel it, in a particular manner, my duty to set it a going under the most favorable auspices.\n        I now have, & for some considerable time have had, twenty five Hhds of Tobo in the warehouses in Alexandria; wch, at sometimes I have forgot, and at other times have been indisposed to take the prices which were given for Potomac Tobacco on the Virginia side. Originally, this Tobacco was of the best sort\u2014put up dry\u2014& the quality of it reported to be exceedingly good. if the latter is the case still, it will in some respects, & for some purposes, have the advantage of new Tobacco; but what to do with it I know not. In Alexandria it might not bring me 18/. prCt when in George Town (I mean in the warehouses at these places) it might bring a guinea. I have thought, but whether it be\npracticable to accomplish it without difficulty, I am unable to decide, that if the Tobacco could be removed from the Warehouses in which it now is, to those in George Town, & be reinspected at the latter, that I might be a considerable gainer by it. But admitting that this can be done without encountering impediments which might involve inconveniences; or that would excite notice, or remarks neither of which I should incline to subject myself to, it would be previously necessary to know whether the Tobacco would pass at the latter place; for if it should be brought there & be condemned, I should lose the whole, & sustain an expence besides, whereas in its present situation, it will, I presume, command the price current in Alexandria. If the suggestion here mentioned, can be accomplished (without involving the consequences expressed above) the best expedient that occurs to me to effect it, is, under the idea of its being purchased by, or rather offered for sale to, a Maryland Merchant, to have it reexamined where it is, in presence of the George Town Inspectors, who should be paid for their attendance, & who should declare to the supposed purchaser, whether they would pass it, were it brought to the Warehouses in George Town. If in the affirmative\u2014& there is no other impediment to the measure, the whole business might be easily accomplished by the removal\u2014reinspection\u2014and issuing of new notes; either in my name, or in that of the supposed purchaser: the last of which, for several reasons, I think would have the best appearance. Whether this project can be carried into execution or not, is, to me, uncertain; but to avoid delay, and in order to enable you to do it, if it shall be thought eligable I send you the notes for this purpose, and to know what the Tobacco would sell for where it is, if it be not eligable to remove it\u2014They may be kept, or returned, according to circumstances. In the Warehouses at George Town I have, or ought to have by this time, 9000 lbs. of Crop Tobo as you will perceive by the enclosed letter to me, from Colo. Deakins; the price of this also.\n        I return Doctr Currie\u2019s letter with thanks for the perusal of it. The picture drawn in it of the state of things in his own Country, and the details which he gives of those of the belligerent powers, are gloomy, for them, indeed. All here are well, & all join in best regards for you with Dear Sir\u2014Your Affectionate\n          Go: Washington\n          P.S. I have sought in vain for the Tobacco notes mentioned in the body of this letter. Presuming I must have sent them to Mr Pearce\u2014but of the doing it I have no recollection\u2014I have directed him by this Post if he has them to forward them to you.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0209", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 21 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n          Mr Pearce,\n          Philadelphia Decr 21st 1794.\n        Your letter of the 14th instant with the papers & reports, which were enclosed therewith, came safe to hand.\n        The whole amount of the Corn Crop I perceive is, 1639 barrels. I perceive also, by the reports of the last week, & I believe it has been as much for several Weeks preceeding, your weekly consumption of this article is 22 barrels to the Stock, & about 14 to the Negros; amounting together to 36 barrls; which multiplied by 52, the number of weeks in a year makes 1872; and is 233 barrls more than is made. How far this extraordinary consumption has been occasioned by the Hogs which have been fatting, and how far it is capable of reduction, it is more than I am able at this distance, to determine. It wd, if continued, be using considerably more than ever was expended on the Estate; for which reason, as I observed in one of my late letters to you, at the same time that I wish nothing to be starved thereon, I would have the Corn\u2014and indeed every thing else\u2014administered with the utmost \u0153conomy\u2014for hard indeed will it be, upon me, if I can make no more from my estate\u2014Wheat alone, excepted\u2014than is consumed thereon; and from the produce of that article, Overseers wages, & every thing that is bought, is to be paid.\n        Can you form any judgment from the Oats that have been threshed, what will be the amount of the Crop? I am really\nmortified at not knowing the quantity of Potatoes that grew in No. 4 at Dogue run, that I might have compared it with the yield of corn in the same field; & thereby decided with more certainty & precision on cultivating of both in that manner. Do you suppose that that field wd have yielded more Corn if it had been planted in the usual way\u2014that is\u2014at the distance of 5\u00bd or 6 feet apart, each way (which would have given about the same number of stalks to the acre) than it has done at 4 by 8. And does the growing wheat in that field, look as well as it does in others, equally exhausted? It is interesting to know this. I wish also to know how the Wheat & Barley, in general looks? and whether this mild autumn has not pushed it too forward? I am equally desirous of knowing how the Clover & other grass-seeds which were sown last spring & winter look at this time? A finer Summer & fall never could have happened for them, than we have had.\n        The price of flour in Alexandria is far short of what it sells at here; ten dollars pr barrl being the price of it in this city. This is an additional inducement to hasten the manufacturing of all the wheat I have; for as the freight round does not exceed half a dollar, I shall not be disposed to receive there much less than the difference of freight & insurance, between the two places.\n        When is it probable, with the force that is employed on the Mill race, it will be completed; & the water turned therein? I ask this question because I do not recollect the turn in it which you speak of; nor how far, nor what depth it is, from thence to the upper end of it.\n        I am of opinion that you had better give the Barn at Muddy hole a thorough repair\u2014and do all the jobs which are necessary, before the New Barn at River farm is undertaken. I should like to consult you on the spot, before any plan is formed for that; and to know with more precision than I do at present, the advantages, & disadvantages of the one at D. Run. As the brick foundations for the sheds which I propose to have built at the last mentioned place, were laid last October, I am surprized to hear you say that nothing can be done towards them \u2019till the spring, on acct of the Brick work. Let the old Barn at River farm be well shored or propped, to prevent accidents; which if the people should happen to be in it at the time, might prove a direful one.\n        The field No. 4. at that place will require much aid of manure;\nand much labour to recover it from the gullied state in which it was, when I viewed it last; and no work can be more necessary than to accomplish these; as far as the nature of the thing, & the means you possess, will enable you to perform them.\n        I am glad to hear so good an account of Donaldson; encourage him to exercise spirit & industry; and convince him that you will support his authority. It may prompt him to exertion, & pride.\n        I perceive by the Spinning report of last week, that each of the spinners have deducted half a pound for dirty wool. to avoid this in future (for if left to themselves they will soon deduct a pound, or more) it would be best to let them receive none but clean wool. I do not recollect what allowance of provision the Gardener was to have had by any former agreement, but being willing to allow him and his wife what they can fairly eat themselves, without misapplication\u2014waste or giving it to others\u2014you might let them have what they require, under those restrictions; and as they have no place out of the Cellars or meat house, to keep whatever is allowed them, query\u2014whether it would not be better to give it out to them once in a while (weighing it to see how they go on) than all at a time? for they must know, positively, that no part of what they shall receive in any manner, is, by saving, or otherwise, to be considered as a perquisite, and disposed of as such\u2014To what they can eat they are welcome; but none shall be sold or given away, unless perchance, it may be, now and then, to a person who visits, & may eat with them. I am Your friend &ca\n          Go: Washington\n          P.S. I have looked in vain for the notes, for the Tobo I have in Alexandria; If I should have sent them to you, let Peter carry them to Mr Lear of George Town; or you might send them by the Post\u2014but the Postage you, not he, must pay. If you have them not enquire of Colo. Fitzgerald if I did not send them to him.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0210", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Thomas Archer, 22 December 1794\nFrom: Archer, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\n          Worthy sir,\n          Harford County [Md.] Decr 22d 1794\n        On the 20th Ins\u2019t was calld on to Visit your Molatto Man, who was then at Mrs Stiles\u2019s Bush Town; Early in the Morning, he got up, & to all appearance was in perfect health, when he started on his journey from the Tavern, immediately after he came to a Run (not more than two Hundred yards from the House) which was considerably rais\u2019d the preceeding Night by a sudden fall of Rain, in attempting to cross it, he fell from his Horse, whither at that instant, he was seized with an apoplectic Fit, or whither he rec\u2019d an injury on his Brain, from the fall, producing a concussion of the Brain, am at a loss to determine as the Symptoms of each are nearly similar, there was no mark on his Head, or symptom arose on pressure, which led me to suppose it was from an Injury from external violence, neither can I suppose it was the effects of water on his Lungs, as he was not under Water more than a Minute, before he was caught, & brought out, after which he breath\u2019d with a kind of breathing which generally occurs in appoplexy. The Symptoms at that time, & for two Hours after when I visited him, were to all appearances from that of an apoplectic Fit. From his Age & the conformation of his Body, I must ascribe his Death to that Disease. The shock his system rec\u2019d was too gra\u27e8te\u27e9 for a recovery, he was bled largely, every remedy used for his restoratio\u27e8n.\u27e9 He expired in three or four Hours from the time he fell. ys respectfully\n          Thomas Archer.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0211", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 22 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Lear, Tobias\n          My dear Sir,\n          Philadelphia Decr 22d 1794\n        Looking into an old Portfolio, which I had not seen this many a day, I found the papers which accompany this note, relative to the River Potomac. I do not know that any of them will be useful to you; but as well for the purpose of keeping them together as to afford you an opportunity of deciding for yourself, they are now forwarded to you.\n        I also send you the sketch which has been presented to me by Mr Claiborn, of the new method of lowering & raising boats, without locks. It will give you a better idea than my description which in the letter of yesterday, was capable of doing; & for that reason it is forwarded. I am Your affecte Servt\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0212", "content": "Title: To George Washington from John C. Ogden, 22 December 1794\nFrom: Ogden, John C.\nTo: Washington, George\n          Dartmouth College [N.H.] Decr 22d 1794\n        The event which our Church had good reason to expect, for many years, has taken place.\n        The Legislature of Verdmont, at their last session, converted our Glebes to other uses, than those to which they were appropriated, by ancient grants & charters. The lands of The Society for propagating the gospel, are also seized upon, as confiscate, The pretext for this is, that by the operation of the late treaty of peace, and laws of nature and nations, these lands, had become forfeit, and of course, the property was vested in the State.\n        Ira Allen Esqr. introduced the measure, by petition, from the Trustees of the New College, for a conveyance of the Societys Lands, to that institution. His object was to enhance the value, of the settlement of Burlington on Lake Champlain, of which he is chief proprietor, by building a seat of learning and providing a revenue for it, from this property of the Society. These Trustees, are composed of the Governor of The State and Speaker of the house of Assembly, for the time being\u2014of the present district judge\u2014one of the Judges of the Superior Court, and several other Lay men, joined with a minister of religion from three denominations of Christian professors. The Episcopal Clergyman, however, was not consulted upon the designed petition, altho, he is brother to the Governor, and resides within a few miles of the Governor, Mr Allen & Mr Hitchcock.\n        Doctor Williams, now minister of Rutland, formerly a Professor and Instructor in Cambridge, College, and author of the\nnatural and civil history of Verdmont, may be said to be the father of these measures. He was offended, because we would not make him our Bishop.\n        His friends hold him up, as a Candidate for the Presidents Chairs in the New College.\n        Stephen Jacobs Esqr.\u2014under Doctor William\u2019s influence, ushered the seizure of our Glebes, into public debate, in the legislature, of which he was a member, Mr Jacobs was lately the Attorney of The District of Verdmont.\n        Mr Allen, by the independence and grants of Verdmont became possessed of extensive tracts of land\u2014He has neglected to assign us our glebes, in some Towns in which he is largely interested, untill we considered ourselves bound, to make a small purse, to enable one of our Congregations, to sue him, for its right in that Township\u2014The action was not commenced.\n        Public Officers, and men enriched by revolution and places, in the national and state governments have effected a perversion of our glebes, in a State, which observed a neutrality, during part of the war, and was too feeble, to render any substantial aid to it. This after eleven years peace, in contradiction also to the opinion of able statesmen and Lawyers, and the whole Church.\n        The Generals and other Officers, and the soldiers of the late Army\u2014the slain veteran, and suffering citizen, have thus, been made the means of wresting a property from us, which religion, liberty, law, honor, and justice forbid, every man, from converting to other, than its original uses.\n        This is, but, a part, of an uniform system, from the first settlement of America, to destroy the Church. Printed histories, and public papers, abundantly confirm this idea. A new injury is now intended to be added to those formerly done by the Legislatures of New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Connecticut, aided by Governors, Langdon, Hancock, and Huntington, and the political, civil and military influence of Presidents, Langdon, Stiles, Willard, Wheel\u27e8ock\u27e9 and the Colleges and Clergy of New England.\n        The public files, authentic facts, and incontestible witnesses prove, that my charge, as to the above bodies, officers and in[di]viduals, are true. They have often departed, from their duty as christians, their honor as patriots, and their dignity as gentlemen, by forming partial laws, by taking public monies, and\nusing improper influence in their stations to injure the Church and the Societies, of Methodists, Baptists &c. By means of party Colleges they have excited unjust political prejudices against us. Our children often meet with and are constantly exposed to injury in the northern schools and colleges because of their religion. The Colleges have for many years taught that Episcopalians are attached to Monarchy. To present the facts, which corroborate, these charges, would be, to write a volume, The materials are at my command\u2014My duty calls me to the task.\n        I hoped that my respectful correspondence and the regular information, I have given, to my civil rulers, who belong to the Church, and to my ecclesiastical Governors, would have saved our property, by their aid. In pursuance, of that uniform conduct, which belongs to me, in my place, while time and health permit, I lay this before your Excellency, for a place in your files, for the inspection of posterity. Copies of it, will be sent to the Bishops in The States for the same purpose.\n        By the perseverance of our Clergy and Brethren, and by our mutual exertions, we were recovering the property, which is chiefly entered upon by trespassers, and under considerable cultivation. Religion was about to extend in a more venerable degree than ever among professed christians, who are divided and co\u27e8nten\u27e9tious on so serious a subject.\n        A plundered Church, late complaining army\u2014tumultuous insurrections\u2014and avaricious desires to plunder the neighbouring provinces, do not accord with the honor or prosperity of a christian nation\u2014or men proud of a succesful war\u2014an honorable peace, a good form of government and flourishing affairs.\n        The Ecclesiastical History of America, is a very exact transcript from the history of England after the civil wars, and reformat\u27e8ion\u27e9.\n        Presbyterianism, owing its power and orig\u27e8in\u27e9 to the people, will always call the popula\u27e8ce\u27e9 to its aid\u2014The majority, will there determine, what is truth and right, however, ignorant, avaricious, or bigoted this majority may be.\n        The Clergy and Churches, in general are happy and useful in the Provinces, while we are oppressed and timid in The States. Witnesses to constanty injury, we are scarcely permited to speak or remonstrate, in our defence. We are sold, in an age, vainly boasted to be an age of reason, into the hands of men, who\ndefy and revile christianity\u2014who wrong us, with impunity. Very many of our foes compose the laws, and form the councils of America.\n        Your Excellency remains as the disinterested friend of religion, liberty, and law\u2014May your administration be always blessed, in extending what is regular and restoring what is right. I am Most respectfully Your Excellency\u2019s devoted servant\n          John C. Ogden", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0213", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Amelie-Maxime-Rosalie de Grasse, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Grasse, Amelie-Maxime-Rosalie de\nTo: Washington, George\n          Monsieur\n        Je viens a l\u2019instant de recevoir La lettre dont il vous a plu de charger mr Randolph de nous honorer. mes Soeurs et moi vous adressons de vifs et sinceres remercyments votre bien veillance nous a senciblement touchez et nous ne doutions pas, de lautori\u27e8te\u27e9 que vous voudriez bien prendre a nous.\n        permettez Monsieur que je remette sous vos yeux laffreuse position ou nous nous trouvons votre ame compatissante en seras sendoute touchez.\n        ce ne sonts point les fils (mais bien les quatre fille) de celui qui avoit pour vos vertus une si haute Estime, qui reclament vos bontees. non Monsieur si aulieu de quatre Soeurs nous Etions frere, a l\u2019exemple de notre Excelent pere nous vous offrerions nos bras, et nous nous rendrions utile, mais pour notre malheur nous Sommes que des femmes hors d\u2019etat de travailler assez pour pouvoir subsister.\n        nous nous Etions flattez de passer a St Domingue et dy vivre sur nos biens mais l\u2019etat de Guerre ou sonts les colonies ne permet pas a des femmes dy sejourner.\n        Nous contions trouver ic\u00ff celui a qui depuis la mort de mon Pere nous avions affermer, nos possessions mais il a Ete forc\u00e9 de ce Sauver des colonies et dabandonner ces proprietes et les notre, il vient de nous Ecrire de St marc ou il Est refugiez, il reconnoit et la dette et limpossibilit\u00e9 de Saquitter nous voila donc Sans ressources d\u2019aucune Genre, ayant vendue tout nos bijoux nous avons pue vivre avec Economie jusquau jourdhui, mais a l\u2019instant ou j\u2019ai l\u2019honneur de vous Ecrire je n\u2019ai pas de quoi a\npayer ma pension, et nous Sommes dans le plus grand Embaras, et dans la plus vive douleur, je ne vous Exagere pas ma position elle Est des plus cruele, j\u2019aurois Et\u00e9 moi m\u00eame vous Exposer nos malheurs Si jen avois Eu les moyens, je Suis persuad\u00e9e que nous aurions trouv\u00e9es en vous ladou\u27e8ss\u27e9essement a nos maux mais helas nous Sommes priv\u00e9es de toutes consolation et bientot r\u00e9duites a mourire de faim, ne pouriez vous pas Monsieur diminuer nos peines, quelques secours, en quelques genre quils puisse Etre quelques Acres de terre que vous obtiendariez pour nous du congr\u00e8s pouroit Sil ne nous procurois pas laisance, au moins nous faire vivre, Si j\u2019amais, nous rentrons Sur nos possessions notre premier Soins Serois de rendre au congres ce quil auroit bien voulu nous donner a titre de Secours.\n        Vous avez Sendoute recue une Seconde lettre de moi. je vous demende un milion de pardon d\u2019etre Si importune. votre indulgence et ma Situation Sonts mes Excuses. vous trouverez Extraordinaire Monsieur de me voir renoncer a lemprunt que j\u2019avois os\u00e9e vous demender. lors de la demende que je vous en fis j\u2019avois lespoir de pouvoir macquiter promptement je contois Sur la creance du fermier de nos biens, depuis que je suis frustr\u00e9e de cette Esperence et que jai appris que la republique fran\u00e7oise setoit Emparee de nos biens depuis la fuitte de notre fermier, apresent il ne m\u2019est plus permis demprunter sur un doutte.\n        ma delicatesse en souffrirois trop. nous renoncons donc a lemprunt et osons demender des secours. nous Esperons tout de vous monsieur en qui pourions nous mieux plasser notre confiance non nos interet ne peuvent Etre en meilleurs mains, mon Pere en vous quittant penetr\u00e9e de vos vertus nous apprit a vous cherir et a vous Estimer nous Esperons que les filles de celui que vous avez honor\u00e9 de votre amitiez trouverons En vous une partie des Sentiments que vous lui acordiez je vous demende bien pardon de mon indiscrette importunit\u00e9. soyez convin\u00e7ue que nous sommes avec veneration Monsieur Vos tres humble et tres Ob\u00ebissante Servante\n          Amelie de Grasse", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0214", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Treasy Dept Decembr 23d 1794.\n        The present state & prospects of the Treasury render it necessary, without delay, to exercise the power vested in the President by the Act passed the 18 instant, entitled, \u201can act authorising a Loan of two millions of Dollars.\u201d\n        To enable him to determine this a probable view of receipts & expenditures distributed quarter yearly is herewith presented and the form of a power as usual to The Secretary of the Treasury to make the Loan, is submitted. With perfect respect &c.\n          Alexandr HamiltonSecy of the Treasy", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0215", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Hamilton, Alexander\nTo: Washington, George\n          Treasury Department Decr 23d \u201994.\n        I have the honor of transmitting to you an account between the Collector of New York, and the United States, which has been adjusted at the Treasury, and a balance of Dolls. 1533. 89/100. stated to be due to the said Collector.\n        As all claims of a similar nature with the foregoing have been hitherto paid out of the Fund destined to defray the Contingent Charges of Government, I have deemed adviseable to ask your permission, to discharge the said sum of Dolls. 1533 89/100 out of the twenty thousand dollars appropriated for these purposes, at the last session of Congress. With the most perfect respect &c.\n          A. Hamilton.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0216", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Knox, Henry\n          Philadelphia Decr 23d 1794\n        The letter of which the enclosed is a copy, was received yesterday.\n        The information wch it contains being of a serious nature I request that strict enquiry may be instituted into the matter and a report thereupon made to me.\n          G. Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0217", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Israel Shreve, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Shreve, Israel\nTo: Washington, George\n          Washingtons Bottoms [Pa.] 23rd December 1794\n        I wrote to your Excellency by my Son dated the 27th of October Last Respecting the Bottoms So Called, my Son informs me that Some person had made An offer for the Land but had not Come forward to Conclude the Bargan, If It is not Actually Sold I wish to be the Purchacer, I have Wrote to Mr Ross fully upon the Subject, offering any Sum \u214c acre your Excellency may please to fix not Exceeding Six Dollars I hold Considerable property in Lands at the Miami \u27e8mutilated\u27e9ment Mr Ludlow my Agent there has Lately \u27e8mutilated\u27e9 me and informs that those Lands will now command Cash, this Incourage\u2019s me to offer a price I have Desired Mr Ross If my offer is Accepted to forward A Letter to me assoon as possable Expressing the Bargan \u27e8in\u27e9 Such a manner as to Warrent me to Advertise and Sell Conditionally a part of the Land, as there are a number of famalies upon the Bottoms the Sooner It is known they are Sold and to whom the better for them, the weather and Roads being So bad and the Season So far advanced It would be Dificult for me to Come to philadelphia untill next Spring, I am Sorry to trouble your Excellency but thought It best to Send this Letter, I Expect the first payment to be made the first of April next and the residue draw Interest from that date, I am unfeignedly with Great Respect your Excellencys Most Obedient Servt\n          Israel Shreve", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0218", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Davy, 24 December 1794\nFrom: Davy, William\nTo: Washington, George\n          Germantown [Pa.] Decr 24th 1794\n        To His Excellency George Washington Esqr. President of the united States of America, the following Statement is with great Respect addressed by His most Obedient Humble Servant William Davy Late of Crediton, Devon, England.\n        Bred up in an extensive Manufactory of Woollen Goods in England, I have devoted myself to the Study of its different Branches & Operations. during the last seventeen Years I possessed, & successfully directed, an Establishment of this kind, as compleat as the latest Improvements could make it. The political Situation however, of Europe, portending the most extensive Calamities; & the severe Oppressions which have been allready exercised on certain Descriptions of valuable Members of Society in Britain, gave full Energy to the Predeliction which (I trust on well founded Principles) I had long entertain\u2019d for this Country; Here, with a large Family, I sought, & am thankfull for having obtain\u2019d a happy Asylum.\n        On my Arrival in America my first Views were directed to Commerce, & Agriculture, in investigating these, much very interesting, & unexpected Information, arose on the Subject of Manufactures, allso; which, with the Advice of many Friends, induced me farther to pursue through various Channels the most diligent Enquiries on an Object so interesting to myself, & to this Country; to whose Prosperity I wish by the Exertion of my best Abilities to contribute; & differing as I do, from those who avow \u201can Enmity to the Manufacturing System\u201d I am happy in giving my decided Opinion, that as America, now more than ever may\nexpect, from the actual, & impending Calamities of Europe, to want, so she possesses amply, the Means of establishing & the Resources for extending, the Manufacture of Woollen Goods, on a very large Scale. It must however be admitted that many Difficulties, & great hazards will arise on the first Establishment of Manufactories on European Systems, & considerable Disappointment, & heavy Losses must be calculated on, by the first Adventurer, who if left to encounter them alone & unsupported, will become the Victim of these natural & unavoidable Circumstances; Wherefore (aware as I am that National, & Subscription Manufactories regulated by Committees, (not themselves Manufacturers) never have & never will succeed\u2014Yet) I am convinced, that the fostering Hand of Government, & the Generosity of the State must be extended to secure Prosperity to the Exertions, & Abilities, of such Individuals as may first venture on a New Manufactory, in a New Country.\n        Much indeed will depend on the Situation decided on, for a Manufactory; & the Articles at first manufactured.\n        As to Situation, that must be preferred in which the greatest local Advantages are concentrated, & where every necessary Article can with the greatest Facility be procured; A very large Proportion of the Wool grown in America gets into the Hands of the Skin Dressers in the large Cities, Oyl, Dye stuffs &c. must be procured from Sea Ports, If therefore Manufactories are at first establish\u2019d at a Distance from them, the Difficulties will be proportionably increased, & their Failure render\u2019d allmost certain. whereas by being first fix\u2019d, near to such large Sea Ports, & in a populous Neighborhood, they will enjoy the best natural Means of Success\u2014& in time they will spread & flourish, in more distant Places as thier Improvements proceed; too much Stress cannot be laid on this Truth; for want of attending to it, & by being influenced by one Advantage only, A good Mill Seat, important as that is, many Entreprizes have fail\u2019d, & will fail in America.\n        The Articles that can be most advantageously manufactured in America, are those requiring the least proportion of manual Labour\u2014& particularly such Labour, the Price of which, most nearly approaches to that paid in Europe & several such Articles there are, for which the Wool of America is well calculated, as stockings, Flannells, Beavers, Serges, & Cloth Serges. I will now\nstate the Reasons inducing me to declare that America possesses, the Means for establishing, & the Resources for extending the Manufacture of Woollens.\n        The Staple Article required is Wool, the Appendages are Soap, Olive Oyl, & Dye Stuffs.\n        For the Utensils, Timber, Cast, & wrought Iron; Copper; Wire; twine; Leather; & Presspaper are wanted.\n        The best Power that can be applied to the necessary Machinery is Water & to direct this, as well as for the Processes to which Machinery cannot be applied, a considerable Portion of Manual Labour will be requisite.\n        From the Skin Dressers of New York & Philadelphia I have collected sufficient Data for the following Calculation,\n            The Wooll collected annually by those of New York amounts to\u00a0\n            Of Baltimore\u2003\u00a0\n        Supposing this to be one fourth proportion of the Sheep killed annually, in the U:S: (many of these Skins are brought from considerable Distances) the whole Quantity collected in this Way amounts to 360,000 lbs. & the Sheep kill\u2019d, bearg a Proportion of two to one, to those which are shorn, the total Produce may at this low Estimate be therefore counted at 540,000 lbs., Annually\u2014in this Calculation it is consider\u2019d that New England & Rhode Island grow much more than the Average of other States, This is a Quantity from which may be selected a very ample supply of such as is good, for a very large Manufactory, admitting that its Consumption amounts to 300000 lbs. or 958 lbs. daily. The best Quallity of Wool, I have met with, is as good, & nearly resembles the prime Rate of Dorsetshire, & Herefordshire, in England; but the greatest Quantity of what may be styled good Wool, corresponds with the Kentish; except that no part of the American Fleece, grows so long, or is so firm as that is. the longest Wool here, is in general remarkably harsh, wirey & coarse. In every Fleece there are indeed three Quallities of Wool, which an intelligent Manufacturer will allways seperate, it is in part attended to by the Skin Dressers; but the Prices at which they sell,\nbear no Proportion to the actual Variations in the Quallities, all of them are too high; & produce more, than was paid for the Skin the Pelt therefore is a net Proffit to the Dresser. The Wool is not, it is certain so carefully attended to as it deserves, mistaken Opinions have generated among American Farmers great Negligence of & Indifference to, that valuable Animal Sheep, They are too generally turn\u2019d adrift, allmost all the Year, on Lands where no other Cattle can exist, hence they are generally tall, & light; supposing that they bite the herbage too close, the Farmer objects to turning them into his Grass Meadows, & Pastures, in the Spring, & in the Winter indifferent dry Hay is thier best Food; Many Advantages would however be derived to the Farmer from a better mode of treatment. Were his Ewes & Lambs in particular early in the Spring & so soon as the Frost moderates, fed a Month or Six Weeks in good meadow Ground (not swampy) they would give it an excellent Manure, eat off all rough Sods, tread the Land level & the Roots close, whereby the Crops of Grass would be more copious & the Hay much finer, & sweeter, than at present, It is a maxim with English Farmers that the manure of Sheep is of more Value than the Grass they eat, the Ewes by a great Supply of Milk strengthen thier Lambs, whose Wool obtains firmness in this early Stage, & the Wool of the Ewe allso, increases very considerably, & the Carcases of both improve in an equal Proportion. during the heat of Summer, most of the Sheep of America are either expos\u2019d in open Lands without Shelter, or a regular supply of Water; or range in the Woods to browse on wild Grass, & the buddings of the Underwood, thier Wool of course remains short, & downy, & of weak Staple or is thin, harsh, & hairy. Instances of both I have seen in the same Neighborhood in Pensylvania, the Quallities, & the Weight of the Fleeces vary more in the same Districts, & on the same Soil than is seen in Europe, arising no Doubt from different treatment, If Sheep were fed during the Summer on good Grass herbage, Clover or Rhye the Wool would increase in Quantity, & Strength, & in general improve in Quallity too, but Sheds should be provided as Shelter during the excessive heat of Mid Day, & Water for them, at Will to resort to, & if pounded late at Night, & let loose early in the morning, both they & the Land would be materially benefitted above all during the Winter Turnips or some other moist roots, should be provided for\nthem, instead of Hay, these should at least form a considerable portion of thier Winter Food. The Wool of America is less oily (or according to the common Phrase, less Yolky) than any I ever saw in Europe, from hence I presume arises the allmost universal Defect of a sharp, spiry, & frequently a withered top or point this Circumstance I presume may be remedied by the improved Mode of feeding\u2014On some Farms such an abundance of Weed is suffer\u2019d to grow, where the Sheep range, that the whole Flock is so compleatly coverd with the Seeds (in particular the Spanish Needles) as to destroy allmost the whole of thier Wool. But there are Exceptions to these Evils; & the beneficial Effects evidently resulting from them, will no Doubt soon operate. In Pensylvania, & in Jersey, in York State, & in Connecticut some Flocks are well managed, & no State I apprehend is destitute of these Exceptions, producing better Wool than thier Neighbors on the same Soil, & an increas\u2019d Quantity of 3 lb. & 4 lb. \u214c Fleece. The Lands of America are calculated to admit of an allmost immense Addition of Wool when the Farmers shall have learnt thier Interest, by Examples of Improvement & Experience of Proffit. In Jersey there are as fine Sheep Walks as Nature ever formed, & of vast Extent, on which the same kind of Herbage would arise, as on the Sheep Downs of Dorsetshire\u2014I am assured that the coarsest Sheep of Pensylvania improve very rapidly on these Lands, in thier present State, & The Wool they produce, proves that the Climate is not unfavorable.\n        It may be said that the whole of the Wool now grown, is wrought up, but it must be admitted too, that it is done in a very expensive & equally defective manner\u2014by domestick Labour; & it would be easy to prove, that the Farmer would be benefitted by selling his Wool & buying it again perfectly manufactured; & by employing his Family in the more simple, & equally necessary Manufacture of Linnens, these he may Compleatly finish in his own House, but Woollens have allways pass\u2019d through many Operations which he cannot perform.\n        Thus I hope the Fact of a present, & the Prospect of an important increased Supply of Wool is established.\n        The next Article is Soap of which no Doubt exists of an ample Supply from the Manufactories of this Country.\n        The very extensive Commerce of America enables her Merchants to import Oyl, & Dyestuffs, with equal Facility on the\nAverage, as England does. Oyl is wanted in Considerable Quantities & must be procured from Gallipoli, or Naples, from Oporto, or Seville (the Price at this latter Place seldom admits of its Exportation) the Freight & Insurance will be higher to America than it is to England, to counteract this, it may be consider\u2019d of Importance with the State, to relax or relinquish the Duties\u2014Dye Stuffs may be divided into three Classes\u2014first such as America at present is known to yield\u2014Second Such as must be imported untill they are, as it is presumed they will be manufactured here, & thirdly such as must allways be imported. Of the first, are Indico\u2014Potash\u2014Sumac.\n        The second are Chemicals\u2014as Aqua Fortis, Oyl of Vitriol\u2014Copperas, Allum, & Orchol\u2014these must be imported from England, at present, but ere long they will be manufactured here.\n        Lastly, Cocheneal, from New Orleans, Vera, Cruz, or from Cadiz\u2014Argol (or Wine Lees) from the Rhine, from Naples, Leghorn, & Oporto\u2014Cream of tartar\u2014from Italy. Madder from Holland\u2014Woad from England (this probably should rank with the last Class) as allso small Quantities of the best pure grain Tin (necessary for dying Scarlets, Crimsons & other Colours on which Cocheneal is used)\u2014Logwood from Jamaica or the Bay of Honduras\u2014Brazil, Redwood, & Fustic from Tobago & other Islands. It is I think probable that the Woods of America will soon furnish excellent Substitutes for many of the Woods above stated but until such Discoveries are made these will be wanted. For the Machinery & Utensils, America allready furnishes every necessary Article\u2014Timber in profusion, & New York can boast of as compleat an Iron foundery for this kind of Casting, as any in Europe\u2014Copper Mines are discovering & for dying Furnaces a considerable Quantity will be wanted. Wire & Leather are ingeniously wrought into Cards at Boston, Flax grows in Abundance & may be made into twine for Weavers\u2014& Paper Manufactories are establishing in Jersey from which Hot presses may be supplied.\n        Mill Seats abound, One in particular has attracted my Notice, being situated within a convenient Distance of New York, in a very populous Country where the Lands are fertile, & pleasant, & provisions plenty, & cheap\u2014& above all is near to the Situation before described, as so advantageous a part of Jersey, for good Wool.\n        Lastly as to manual Labour, the Scarcity, & high Price of this, is certainly one of the most serious Difficulties to be encountered, but is not insurmountable, it must be abridged as much as possible by Machinery, which may here without hazard be used to its fullest Extent. Many Men, & Families from England will join thier old Employers here, with firm Attachments, & others will from the Circumstances of the times, be induced cheerfully to prefer a peacefull Employment in this Country, to the Hazard of Want, of War in thier own, but they must be frank\u2019d hither, & taken into Wages immediately on thier Arrival; These will instruct the Children of the Country, & train up in Apprenticeships a succession of usefull Manufacturers. The Expence of Labour is high. Those of Agency in London, or other Sea ports, Freights, Insurance, & Duties on the Goods now imported, amount to a serious Sum allso\u2014After all however, it may be repeated, that the Difficulties will be Considerable\u2014The Expence & Risk of bringing over Europeans, the Losses on the first Experiments on Wool, the Injury & Delay that will occur in instructing the first Set of Apprentices, will not be among the least of them: it will be a long time before any Considerable Proffit can be fairly Calculated on, even with every Support that can be afforded.\n        The Capital to be employed in such an Undertaking as is here alluded to, should not be less than ten thousand, & need not be more than twenty thousand Guineas.\n        Much of the Wool of America is calculated for cloathing the Army but the Colour in general Use, Blue, is very expensive both as to Ingredients used, & the Labour required. On a rich Brown two thirds of the Labour, & one half of the Expence of Dying would be saved, White Serges for Linings may be made with Convenience.\n        To conclude, I would remark that the Manufacture of American Wool, appears to me to possess a superior Claim to, & merits the Patronage of the Country, more than, that of Cotton or of Wool imported from any other part of the World, as it will tend more to the Improvement of Agriculture, & a Consequent Increase of the Value of Land, produce an Addition, by the Increase of Sheep, to the Supply of the most wholesome animal Food, & generally beget a Spirit of active Industry throughout every Class of Society. whereas if the Staple Article is extracted\nfrom foreign Markets, few of these beneficial Consequences can be produced.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0219", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 24 December 1794\nFrom: Lear, Tobias\nTo: Washington, George\n          My dear Sir,\n          George Town [D.C.] December 24t 1794\n        I have this moment been honored with your respected favor of the 21st instant\u2014and shall, as soon as possible, obtain information on the several points therein mentioned, which shall be immediately communicated to you.\n        The law for extending the time for opening the navigation of the Potomac has been passed in this State as well as Virginia.\n        I take the liberty to enclose a packet for Mr Dandridge. With sentiments of the purest respect & most lively attachment\u2014I have the honor to be My dear Sir, Your grateful & affectionate servant\n          Tobias Lear.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0220", "content": "Title: Henry Knox to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 26 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.\n        General Knox presents his Compliments to Mr Dandridge and requests that the papers, accompanying this, respecting the Frigates, may be submitted to the President of the United States.\n        A Copy of the promotions and appointments in the army is also transmitted.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0221", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 28 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          Philadelphia 28th December 1794\n        In pursuance of the verbal communications heretofore submitted, it is with the utmost respect, that I beg leave officially to request, you will please to consider that after the last day of the present Month and year my services as secretary for the department of War will cease.\n        I have endevored to place the business of the department in such a train that my successor may without much difficulty commence the duties of his station. Any explanations, or assistance which he may require shall be cordially afforded by me.\n        After having served my Country nearly twenty years, the greatest portion of which under your immediate auspices it is with extreme reluctance I find myself constained to withdraw from so honorable a situation.\n        But the indispensible claims of a wife and a young and numerous family of children whose sole hopes of comfortable competence rest upon my life and exertions, will no longer permit me to neglect duties so sacred.\n        But in whatever situation I shall be, I shall recollect your confidence and kindness with all the fervor and purity of affection of which a grateful heart can be susceptible. I have the honor sir to be with the highest respect Your most obedient Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0222", "content": "Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 28 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Pearce, William\n          Mr Pearce,\n          Philadelphia Decr 28th 1794.\n        I have duly received your letter of the 21st instt with its enclosures.\n        Your idea of fencing the ground at the mansion house for Corn, accords exactly with mine (as far as I understand it) except in joining the fence which comes from the first (outer gate) in the hollow to the corner of the clover lot, north of the road, by the deep washed gully. My idea was, to continue that fence on, (making a lane there between it and the clover lot) until it descends the summit of the hill which goes down to the Creek\u2014then continue along that hill, just out of view of the house, & walks about it, by the old Cabbins, until it should strike the outer fence, which runs from the first mentioned gate to the Crk in the most convenient manner; without enclosing too much ground; that is, without enclosing more than is cultivated. If the first course of fence (as proposed by you from the gate in the hollow) is to join the corner of the clover lot as above, how can there be a passage, as usual, into the lower pasture, when the fence from that corner continues round the several Inclosures quite to the wharf or lime kiln? I conclude from hence that you either misunderstand me, or I mistake you, because in this instance our ideas are not to be reconciled.\n        I do not conceive that all the grd comprehended within the line of fence as I have described it, will much, if any, exceed 35 or 40 Acres: but of this I speak by guess, never having measured it. The woods without the pasture fence from the Inclosure by the white gate, up to the little old field on the road to Alexandria, I have measured; the contents of which (as you may see by the\nenclosed draught of it) is 74 Acres; and in the part comprehended from the turn in the road, at a kind of pond, to the place where the gate used to stand (on the old road leading into the house) contains 38 acres. Within the white gate Inclosure (as the fences runs) there is, to the best of my recollection about 40 acres.\n        Whether to put this last mentioned inclosure into Corn, with the Union farm hands, \u27e8o\u27e9r that part of No. 4, at that farm, which adjoins the lane leading up to the Barn, in Oats\u2014or whether both can be accomplished, I shall leave to your own judgment, with this caution\u2014viz.\u2014never to undertake more than you can execute well; allowing for the usual chances of weather. I do not hesitate to confess, that reclaiming, & laying the grounds down handsomely to grass, & in woods thinned, or in clumps, about the Mansion house is among my first objects & wishes. If corn should be attempted in this enclosure the trees may, in places, be thinned a little; but not much; but all must be trimmed up\u2014Will knows how to do it. The grubs should be compleatly eradicated to prevent the ground from fouling again with succours &ca\u2014and the hillsides (liable to wash into gullies) ought not to be broke. The other fields at this (Union) farm will go on agreeably to what is mentioned in yr letter.\n        And I perceive the rotations for Dogue run, Muddy hole & River farms are right as you have described; and the two first may go on agreeably thereto. One reason why Dogue run has only two fields for cultivation next year is, on account of the Mill Swamps which it has been my anxious wish to get in grass\u2014one lot after another\u2014and in complete order\u2014& on acct of grubg in No. 5.\n        For the reason you have mentioned, that is, the want of a partition fence between fields No. 4 & 5 at River farm and the difficulty of enclosing the whole securely, I consent to your managing of them in the manner you proposed next year; and letting No. 7 lye over to another year, and that you may put Oats & clover in the ground where Buck wheat grew this year, agreeably to your proposal.\n        In clearing the Wood in No. 5 at Dogue run, leave two or three clumps of trees standing, for the purpose of shade & ornament. and by attending to the rotation of Crops at that place you will perceive that No. 4 is to be sown with clover, let this be done at a proper time this winter, or early in the Spring, on light Snow.\n        Presuming you keep all my letters, that you may have recourse to them occasionally for the opinions, sentiments and directions they convey to you, I request you will carefully peruse two long letters I wrote to you at your first going to Mount Vernon\u2014Many things were contained therein which require attention; and some others which circumstances might not, at that time permit the execution of, that may be attempted now. many matters of importance were suggested in those letters, & to refer to them is all that is necessary to bring them to view, and into operation where they can be, as I do not know that any change respecting them, have taken place in my sentiments.\n        In bad weather, when the carpenters are unable to work out, let them prepare frames, shingles &ca for putting in more dormant windows in the back of the Stables at mansion house, and two in the front part of them; one on each side the pediment\u2014in the centre between it and the ends\u2014for the purpose of giving air to the Corn and hay loft.\n        The weather has been so extremely favorable for ploughing that I hope this part of your business is in great forwardness.\n        Tell house Frank it is my hope, and expectation (now there is nothing for him to do in the house) that his whole time will not be spent in idleness. He might find enough to do (under the Gardeners directions) in the gardens, yards and lawns\u2014Nor ought Lucy to be idle when she is not Cooking & doing other work about the house. In spinning, knitting & such like things her leizure hours ought to be employed.\n        I send you the Seed of the cucumber tree to be given to the Gardener, whose particular care of it I request\u2014He may plant them in the little garden by the Salt house with a label by them. Let him know that Mrs Washington sent his wife as a present the things contained in the following list, by poor Austin, who died on his way to see his wife & family (at Hartford, on Saturday last) of, as is supposed an appoplexy. Mrs Stiles, at whose Tavern he died has been desired to send on the mare, he road, with her Mule Colt; & all the things (clothes included) he had with him with, a list thereof to Mount Vernon, where I hope they have arrived safe\u2014among these was the bundle containing the articles for the Gardeners wife, and another containing two pair of Gloves for Mrs Stuart\u2014What other things besides his clothes might be in the Portmanteau I know not\u2014probably he might\nbe carrying things home for his wife. I wrote to you by him, but whether the letter may reach you or not is uncertain, now.\n        The Gardener complains of the injury which the shrubs (even in the yard) sustain from the Deer. I am at a loss therefore in determining whether to give up the Shrubs or the Deer! Is there no way of frightning them from these haunts?\n        I hope every possible attention has been, and will continue to be used to preserve the Porke from receiving injury from the warm weather.\n        The enclosed letter from old Butler shews his distress. I think you were perfectly right in detaining part of his wages for lost time; yet, as I can better afford to be without the money than he can, you may pay him for the full time he was at Mount Vernon without deduction.\n        I will endeavor to procure and send you some honey locust seed as I conceive very formidable hedges may be made of them. I find Doll at the Ferry is constantly returned sick\u2014the Overseer at that place ought to see that this sickness is not pretence.\n        Flour is still at ten dollars a barrel in this City & not likely to fall. I am your friend &ca\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0223-0001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 29 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n            Department of War, December 29th 1794\n          I have the honor to submit to your consideration a report upon Indian affairs\u2014If it should be your pleasure to lay the same before the two houses of Congress it would probably produce the bill which is desired.\n          Colonel Pickering has made his report upon that part of his business respecting the change of the line\u2014The Secretaries of State and Treasury have perused the same, and been consulted as to the measures proper to be pursued\u2014The Attorney General has it now under consideration\u2014Colonel Pickering will probably in the course of this day have completed his whole report so that the business may be submitted to your consideration tomorrow. I have the honor to be, Sir, with the higest respect, Your obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0224", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 29 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n        I beg leave to submit to you, the proceedings held with the Cherokees in the month of June last, together with the Articles arising out of the said conference; and also a draft of a message to the Senate upon this subject.\n        The conference with the Chickasaws is copied; But as no treaty was formed requiring the advice and consent of the Senate, it is deemed unnecessary to transmit it to that body. I have the honor to be, Most respectfully, Sir Your obedt Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0225", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 29 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          Department of War December 29th 1794\n        I have the honor to submit a draft of a letter to Governor Blount.\n        The situation of Mero district seems to demand an instant provision for its protection.\n        Governor Blount thought proper to send an express with the last information who is now waiting for an answer. I have the honor to be with the highest respect Your obed. Servant", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0226", "content": "Title: From George Washington to the U.S. Senate, 29 December 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: United States Senate\n          Gentlemen of the Senate.\n          United States December 29th 1794.\n        I nominate the following persons for the promotions to which they are intitled in the legion of the United States. Nominations for new appointments may hereafter be made.\n            Leonard Covington\n            vice Fleming deceased\n            vice Ms Campbell killed\n            John Posey\n            Lieutenant\n            vice Covington promoted.\n            William H. Blue\n            vice Dunn deceased\n            Matthias Slough Junr\n            vice Webb promoted\n            First Sub Legion\n            Bernard Gaines\n            vice Kersey promoted\n            Bartholomew Shomberg\n            vice Hartshorne killed\n            vice Peters promoted.\n            vice Jeffers resigned\n            Third Sub Legion\n            William MacRea\n            vice Hannah deceased\n            Fourth Sub Legion\n            Thomas Butler\n            vice Clark resigned\n            Commandt\n            William Kersey\n            vice McMahan killed\n            William Peters\n            vice Butler promoted\n        The following persons having been conditionally appointed by me during the recess of the Senate to perform the several Offices herein after mentioned I now therefore nominate them for the advice and consent of the Senate\u2013\n          Artillerists and Engineers\n            William Aylet Lee\n            Virginia\n            vice Williamson declined to rank from 12 July 1794.\n            Michael Kalteisen\n            South Carolina\n            vice Pitkin\n            Donald Grant Mitchell\n            Connecticut\n            vice Morris\n            David Hale\n            Lieutenant\n            vice Yates\n            Theophilus Elmer\n            New Jersey\n            vice Dinsmoor\n            resigned\n            William Wilson\n            Maryland\n            vice Drinkwater\n            declined\n            Horatio Dayton\n            New Jersey\n            vice Ripley\n            William Morris\n            vice Habersham\n            George Hardy\n            Virginia\n            vice Barton\n          Ensigns to fill vacancies in the Sub Legions\n            Jonathan Remington\n            Massachusetts\n            vice Sullivan declined to rank from 17 July 1794\n            John W. Thompson\n            vice Jackson\n            Edward Voss\n            Virginia\n            vice Bradley\n            Edward Chatham\n            Maryland\n            Yelverton Peyton\n            Virginia\n          Go: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0228", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 30 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n        Mr Stagg has mentioned your observations respecting the difference between the five thousand dollars stipulated, and the seven thousand implied\u2014The facts are truly stated in the proceedings\u2014The indians were, as there mentioned, told that the two thousand, and indeed the whole, would depend on their attachment and good dispositions; but that I was not authorised to stipulate more than five thousand. I am, most respectfully, Sir, Your obedient Servt", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-0234", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 31 December 1794\nFrom: Knox, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\n          Department of War December 31\u20141794\n        I have the honor to enclose you the opinion of James Seagrove agent for the Creek Nation upon the subject of the negroes which ought to have been returned in pursuance of the treaty of New York.\n        I beg leave to add that if the United States deem it inexpedient to press for a return of the negroes that it would appear proper that the owners should be compensated conformably to some equitable principles to be devised.\n        If this idea should be just it would be proper for the President to present it to Congress in the just shape of which it is susceptible. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your obedient servant\n          H. Knoxsecy of war", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1001", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Martha Washington, c.3 Oct. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Washington, Martha\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from Martha Washington, c.3 Oct. 1794. On 3 Oct., Edmund Randolph wrote to GW: \u201cMrs Washington\u2019s letter is inclosed in the packet.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1002", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 5 Oct. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 5 Oct. 1794. On 2 Nov., GW wrote Pearce: \u201cI have received your several letters of the 28th of Septr\u2014and 5th 17th and 23d of last month.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1003", "content": "Title: From George Washington to Martha Washington, c.6 Oct. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Washington, Martha\nLetter not found: to Martha Washington, c.6 Oct. 1794. On 8 Oct., Edmund Randolph wrote GW: \u201cI was honored by your private letter of the 6th instant, about half an hour ago; and immediately delivered to Mrs Washington the one, addressed to her.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1004", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Martha Washington, 13 Oct. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Washington, Martha\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from Martha Washington, 13 Oct. 1794. Edmund Randolph wrote GW on this date: \u201cMrs Washington having written this morning will have told you, that she and the family are in good health.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1005", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Martha Washington, 16 Oct. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Washington, Martha\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from Martha Washington, 16 Oct. 1794. In his private letter to GW of this date, Edmund Randolph wrote: \u201cMrs Washington informs you in her own letter of the health of your family.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1007", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Martha Washington, 20 Oct. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Washington, Martha\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from Martha Washington, 20 October. On this date, Edmund Randolph wrote to GW: \u201cMrs Washington having written herself, I need not add, that I saw her this morning in good health.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1008", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 23 Oct. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 23 Oct. 1794. On 2 Nov., GW wrote Pearce: \u201cI have received your several letters of the 28th of Septr\u2014and 5th 17th and 23d of last month.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1009", "content": "Title: To George Washington from Henry Lee, c.3 Nov. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from Henry Lee, c.3 Nov. 1794. On 3 Nov., Alexander Hamilton wrote GW, \u201cA letter from Governor Lee which goes with this probably informs you of the plan of future operations.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1010", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Augustine Washington, 12 Nov. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Washington, William Augustine\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Augustine Washington, 12 Nov. 1794. On 23 Nov., GW wrote William Augustine Washington, \u201cYour letter of the 12th instt came to my hands yesterday.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1011", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 16 Nov. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 16 Nov. 1794. On 23 Nov., GW wrote to Pearce: \u201cYour letter of the 16th with the reports\u2014except the Carpenters, which I have been without for several weeks\u2014came to my hands yesterday.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1012", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 30 Nov. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 30 Nov. 1794. On 7 Dec., GW wrote Pearce: \u201cYour letter of 30th Ulto, with the weekly reports, came safely to hand.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1013", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 7 Dec. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 7 Dec. 1794. On 14 Dec., GW wrote Pearce: \u201cYour letter of the 7th instt, enclosing the reports of the preceeding week, came duly to hand.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1014", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 14 Dec. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 14 Dec. 1794. On 21 Dec., GW wrote Pearce: \u201cYour letter of the 14th instant with the papers & reports, which were enclosed therewith, came safe to hand.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-18-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Washington/05-17-02-1016", "content": "Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 28 Dec. 1794 [letter not found]\nFrom: Pearce, William\nTo: Washington, George\nLetter not found: from William Pearce, 28 Dec. 1794. On 4 Jan. 1795 GW wrote Pearce: \u201cI have received your letter of the 28th of last month with its enclosures.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0110", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Jones, [ca. 1 January] 1794\nFrom: Jones, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nDr. Sr.\n[ca. 1 January 1794]\nI am to thank you for your several favors since the commencement of the session of Congress and also for a present of potatoes delivered by Col. Madisons Waggoner by your desire as he informed me\u2014they are excellent for the year and appear to be of superior quality from the common red potatoe. As yet I do not discover that any thing has taken place in your house to shew or determine the strength of parties, this however cannot long be the case as important questions must soon be discussed. In the Senate I fear from what has appeared the old leven will prevail. The news respecting the Algerine vessells being in the Atlantic has excited alarm here, and will no doubt so long as it operates, affect the prices of our exports\u2014but the number of them are not sufft. to make the risque of passing the Atlantic very dangerous, or to justify the high insurance which is said to be demanded. Our situation seems to have become serious and critical with respect to Britain whose claim to seize our Vessells with provisions appears to be a new principle\u2014she demands the same I observe of the other neutral powers. What has become of Monroe. I have not heard from him but once since he got to Philada. Your friend & Servt\nJos: Jones\nWill one of you let me know the price of wheat & Barley at Phila: also what Haynes sells his strong beer at \u214c barrel if you can conveniently get information. We get no Freneau or Fenno.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0112", "content": "Title: The Flag, [7 January] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[7 January 1794]\n   On 30 December 1793 the Senate passed \u201ca bill making an alteration in the Flag of the United States,\u201d which proposed to add two stars and stripes to represent the new states of Vermont and Kentucky (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 23). In Committee of the Whole, opponents of the bill argued that the design of the flag should be permanent.\nMr. Madison was of opinion, that the symbol should answer to the state of things. If it is the wish of the two new states to be represented in the flag they ought to be gratified. The expence or trouble attending the alteration, he considered as a trifling objection indeed. He suggested the propriety of adding a clause empowering the Executive in future similar cases to order the alteration.\n   General Advertiser, 9 Jan. 1794 (also reported in Gazette of the U.S., 8 Jan. 1794).\n[7 January 1794]\nThe committee reported the bill to the House. Goodhue objected that \u201cso trifling an act\u201d should be the first passed in that session.\nMr. Madison said, that if any blame could lie on this account, it must fall on the Senate who originated the bill. The house has much important business begun, but it is saving time to dispatch this while that is maturing.\nPerhaps it would have been better, that the arms and flag had been made the symbols of things not mutable; but as they had been formed emblematical of the number of States in the confederacy, they should be made true symbols.\n   General Advertiser, 9 Jan. 1794. On 8 Jan. JM voted with the majority when the House passed the bill. Washington signed it on 13 Jan. (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 166; U.S. Statutes at LargeThe Public Statutes at Large of the United", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0113", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Jones, 8 January 1794\nFrom: Jones, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nDr. Sr.\nFredg. 8th. Janry. 1794\nI am much obliged to you and Col. Monroe for your alternate attention to keeping me informed of what is passing among you and furnishing the papers of which at present I receive none but what you and he inclose me. I must subscribe for one of them and suppose Dunlap and Claypole the best but think the expence will be great for a newspaper if the postage is pd. by the Subscriber. As yet I do not discover that any question has been discussed & decided wch. gives evidence of the preponderance of party. Great and very important matters are before you already and these may be increased by one new matter depending on the event of European councils so as to extend your Session to considerable length\u2014the present moment I confess appears to me very critical with respect to ourselves as with both France and G. Britain as also Spain we have some serious questions to settle. It is strange we have not for several weeks had any European intelligence of consequence and yet I think the papers announce some arrivals from that quarter. Although there may be propriety in the distance maintained betn. the Executive and Mr. Genet I am pleased to hear It did not extend altogether to the legislature for although he may be wrong as I think his conduct in some things has been so, had they pursued the example of the Executive it wod. have had the appearance of prejudging or prejudice respecting those matters wch. he professed to apply to them on. You are the best judge how far it will be prudent for the legislature to support the Executive in the extent of their proceedings respecting the French nation. If he has been wrong I wod. touch his faults with a gentle hand. I wod. not irritate the nation because he has been imprudent. E. R. I find is nominated in the room of Jefferson\u2014the Executive stream will now flow smoothly along withot. a breath to ruffle or disturb it. I wish you all well. Yr. friend & servt\nJos. Jones", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0115", "content": "Title: To James Madison from George Washington, 10 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir,\nFriday 10th. Jany. 1794.\nHerewith you will receive sundry Pamphlets &ca. under the patronage of Sir John Sinclair. I send you his letters to me also, that the design may be better understood.\nFrom all these, you will be able to decide, whether a plan of enquiry similar to the one set on foot in G. Britn, would be likely to meet legislative or other encouragement, and of what kind, in this Country.\nThese, or any other ideas which may result from the perusal of the papers, I would thank you for, as the letters remain unacknowledged, and the writer of them will expect this if nothing more.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0116", "content": "Title: Appropriations, [10 January] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[10 January 1794]\n   In the Committee of the Whole debate on the 1794 federal budget, Giles moved the separation of \u201cthe estimate of appropriations for the civil list, and for discharging the current expences of the government, from the articles\u201d dealing with military appropriations. The point was to clear the way for appropriations to carry on the daily business of government.\nMr. Madison said, that members had been reduced to the most serious difficulties by delays in the payment of their salary. The civil list ought always to have a fund provided for it in the first place, because it was a mere matter of form to put it to a vote. It was otherwise with the military establishment. He trusted, that would never be reduced to a mere form.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0117", "content": "Title: Santo Domingan Refugees, [10 January] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[10 January 1794]\n   On 1 January a petition was read from a committee appointed by the Maryland Assembly to distribute $13,000 in relief, raised by private subscription in Baltimore, to some three thousand French refugees from Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), \u201cstating that their funds are nearly exhausted, and praying the relief and aid of Congress\u201d (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 153). On 10 January Smith (Maryland) reported from a select committee to the House and argued that such relief was legal, citing dispatches from \u201cour executive government to the American minister at Paris, stating that they had thought themselves authorised to advance money, for the immediate support of the fugitives\u2026. He mentioned the obligations that this country, lay under to France\u2026. He imagined, that in this affair, the American nation had exerted a degree of generosity unparalleled in the history of any other people.\u201d\nMr. Madison wished to relieve the sufferers, but was afraid of establishing a dangerous precedent, which might hereafter be perverted to the countenance of purposes, very different from those of charity. He acknowledged, for his own part, that he could not undertake to lay his finger on that article in the Federal constitution, which granted a right to Congress of expending, on objects of benevolence, the money of their constituents. And if once they broke the line laid down before them, for the direction of their conduct, it was impossible to say, to what lengths they might go, or to what extremities this practice might be carried. He did not agree with the member who spoke last, that nothing like the generosity of America had ever been heard of before. As one example in contradiction to this assertion, he mentioned, that when the city of Lisbon had, in 1755, been overwhelmed by an earthquake, the Parliament of England instantly voted one hundred thousand pounds, for the support of the sufferers. In doing this, they had, he believed, acted in unison with the feelings of the British nation, and such feelings did that nation the utmost honor. He likewise imagined, that the Parliament had acted agreeably to the British constitution, which allowed them an indefinite and absolute right in disposing of the money of their constituents. But as to the American Congress, the case was widely different. He was satisfied that the citizens of the United States possessed an equal degree of magnanimity, generosity and benevolence, with the people of Britain, but this house certainly did not possess an undefined authority correspondent with that of a British Parliament. He wished that some other mode could be devised for assisting the French sufferers, than by an act of Congress. He was in hopes that some other mode equally effectual, and less exceptionable, might be devised. As to what our executive government had already done, as quoted from the official dispatches, by the gentlemen who spoke last, the inference did not apply; for in that emergency, a delay would have been equivalent to a total denial. It had been said that we owed the French every sentiment of gratitude. It was true, but it was likewise true, that we owed them something else than sentiments; for we were indebted to them a very large sum of money. One of the instalments of that debt would be due in a short time, and perhaps it might be safest for Congress to advance the sums now wanted for the French refugees, in part of that debt, and leave it to the decision of the French ministry, whether they would accept of such a payment or not. He did not wish to press this expedient upon the house; but he begged leave to submit it to their consideration; and as he had not yet been able to resolve in his own mind, what line of conduct the house ought to pursue, he requested that the discussion of the question might for a short time, be deferred.\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 14 Jan. 1794 (also reported in Gazette of the U.S., 11 Jan. 1794, and Dunlap and Claypoole\u2019s Am. Daily Advertiser, 14 Jan. 1794).\n[10 January 1794]\n   Clark cautioned JM to \u201cbe careful of preserving consistency,\u201d suggesting that his seventh resolution of 3 January (which provided for reimbursing American victims of maritime seizures out of increased customs duties) was no more constitutional than the proposed relief for Santo Domingan refugees.\nMr. Madison, in explanation, replied, that the two cases were widely different. The vessels of America sailed under our flag, and were under our protection, by the law of nations, which the French sufferers unquestionably were not. As to the resolution he had proposed, it was not then before the house, and hence he could not speak to it with propriety. It was very possible that the house might find it wrong, and reject it. He wished not to be misunderstood, for he was sure, that every member in that house felt the warmest sympathy with the situation of the sufferers. He would be very glad to find a proper way for their relief.\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 14 Jan. 1794 (also reported in Gazette of the U.S., 11 Jan. 1794, and Dunlap and Claypoole\u2019s Am. Daily Advertiser, 14 Jan. 1794).\n   After further debate, Smith\u2019s report was referred to a Committee of the Whole on the State of the Union, which took it up on 28 Jan. Nicholas urged a private subscription among the members; Smith replied that \u201chimself and others who had seen the scene of distress were surprised, the gentleman did not feel as they did.\u201d Nicholas protested against this personal attack and asserted that his opposition to federal relief was based on constitutional considerations. JM \u201cprofessed scruples of the same kind. He thought that the gentleman from Maryland (Mr. S. Smith) would not have injured his cause, by a greater moderation of language, nor his credit for benevolence by not saying, that his sympathy arose chiefly from being an eye witness.\u201d On 4 Feb. the House passed \u201cAn act providing for the relief of such of the inhabitants of Santo Domingo, resident within the United States, as may be found in want of support.\u201d The act authorized the president to distribute from the treasury to the refugees $15,000, which was to be provisionally charged against the American debt to France. The House agreed to a Senate amendment on 10 Feb., and Washington signed the act two days later (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 173, 422, 442; Philadelphia Gazette, 31 Jan. 1794; U.S. Statutes at LargeThe Public Statutes at Large of the United", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0118", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Tench Coxe, [ca. 13 January] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[ca. 13 January 1794]\n\u2026 1. Of the grain & flour of late years exported to G. B. what proportion was probably consumed there. 2. Is rice or tobo. sent from Portugal or Spain at all to the French or Dutch markets, where no discrimination exists in favor of the American? 3. How far is the British discrimn. in favor of our woods really operative? 4. In estimating reexports which make a part of any manufactured article, indigo & not I[ndigo] R[oot] ashes for example\u2014How much of these articles are so re-exported? The best guide that occurs is the ratio of exported manufactures to the totality produced\u2014Anderson states the latter about 50 mils. What is the amt. of the former? \u2026", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0119", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Hubbard Taylor, 13 January 1794\nFrom: Taylor, Hubbard\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nKentucky 13th. January 1794\nInclosed you will receive some papers of a public nature that has very lately made their appearance; considerable exertions will be made by many to carry the design into effect. As the navigation of the Mississippi is held up as the primary object it will avail much. That we have some cause of complaint on that head is very clear to me, but wheather the present plan is the most proper and secure to obtain our ends remains a doubt in my mind. A Resolution will come forward from this State Legislature for that purpose, founded on petitions from the State at large. The Society from which those publications spring is held at Lexington once a month, and there is one or two others in the State that keeps up a corispondence with them.\nThe circumstance of Genl. Clark\u2019s having reced. an appointment under the French is a matter much talked of here, and its generally thought that the French Genl. in this Country has Money to raise troops in the spring to go against the Spanish Settlements on the Mississippi which of course if it takes place will bring on some further disturbances from some quarter, how those things will be likely to terminate time must develope; but I fear not untill our little infant State wades through many difficulties that are unseen as yet.\nThe Assembly of this State adjourned the 21st. Decr. but little business of a general nature was done. An alteration in the Revenue for the present year was made by a discrimination in the tax on Lands its divided into three Classes the first to pay 3/ the second 1/6 and the third 9d. \u214c 100 Acres\u2014& a sale of so much of the Lands as will pay the taxs in stead of a forfeiture of the whole\u2014also a fine on all persons who do not give in the whole of their Lands [to] the Comissr. of the district in which he resides. The time of payment for all except such as is settled stands as before untill the 4th. Feby. 95. Tax on Negroes remains @ 2/ each Horses reduced to 6d. & Cattle to 1\u00bdd \u214c head.\nThe Iron Works in this State has got in blast at last, the Ore is good, & plenty, they have reduced the price of Castings from 9d. to 6d. This together with the Fulling Mills of which we have a great many is very servic\u27e8ea\u27e9ble to us and is a great saving to the State. So is the paper & Oil Mills. From this mode of proceeding our State would be likely to flourish if we could get the Navigation of the Mississippi without any quarrelling or heard blows\u2014but I fear so great an object is not to be had without one or the other of those, or perhaps both.\nSalt has within these three or four weaks been from 24/ to 32/ \u214c bushell any distance from the works\u2014which has been very alarming when 12/\u2013 has been the usual price for some time past. A Lick has been lately worked near the Ohio about 15 Miles above Limestone & found to be very good some say b[e]tter that [sic] the best heretofore worked; but should it be inferior it is a great thing for us.\nThe Groth of Cotten on the Cumberland & Green Rivers low down exceeds almost all discription from 12 to 1500 lbs. from One Acres badley tended is thought to be a moderate Crop. This article if properly incouraged wd. be a great saving to this State\u2014if no exports was made of its Manufactories. The Merchants drains us of nearly all our Money twice a year which never more returns.\nI shall wait with anxious expectation for the end of this session of Congress, or for their determinations on War opperations. The people here have generally forfieted all patience with the Secratery of the Treausery & the Secratery of War\u2014and it appears that not a man in the whole State could be found a friend to either of them & enmity with the Eastern States daily encreases.\nAs I expect I have tired your patience already I shall only add my best Wishes for your health and a pleasent session & Subscribe myself Dr. Sir with great regard yrs. affe. huble set.\nH. Taylor", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0120", "content": "Title: Commercial Discrimination, [14 January] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[14 January 1794]\n   In a lengthy speech made in the Committee of the Whole, Smith (South Carolina) on 13 January opposed commercial retaliation against Britain as set forth in Jefferson\u2019s report of 16 December 1793 and JM\u2019s resolutions of 3 January 1794 (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 174\u2013209). JM responded to Smith\u2019s speech on 14 January.\nHe began, by observing that he had expected, from what was intimated yesterday, the sequel of what was then said against the resolutions before the committee; but as there was a silence in that quarter, and no other member has risen on either side of the question, he himself would request the attention of the committee.\nIt had been much pressed, that in the discussion of this subject, it should be viewed in its commercial relations only. He was perfectly willing to meet every objection that could be urged on that ground: But as he conceived it impossible to do full justice to the interests of the United States without taking some collateral considerations into view; he should be obliged in the course of his remarks, to point at the political disposition and conduct of some of the nations of Europe towards this country.\nThe propositions immediately before the committee, turned on the question whether any thing ought to be done at this time, in the way of commercial regulations, towards vindicating and advancing our national interests. Perhaps it might be made a question with some, whether in any case, legislative regulations of commerce were consistent with its nature and prosperity.\nHe professed himself to be a friend to the theory which gives to industry a free course, under the impulse of individual interest, and the guidance of individual sagacity. He was persuaded that it would be happy for all nations, if the barriers erected by prejudice, by avarice, and by despotism, were broken down, and a free intercourse established among them. Yet to this, as to all other general rules, there might be exceptions: And the rule itself required, what did not exist, that it should be general.\nTo illustrate this observation, he referred to the navigation act of Great-Britain, which not being counterbalanced by any similar acts on the part of rival nations, had secured to Great-Britain no less than eleven-twelfths of the shipping and seamen employed in her trade. It is stated, that in 1660, when the British act passed, the foreign tonnage was to the British as one to four: In 1700, less than one to six: In 1725 as one to nineteen: In 1750, as one to twelve: In 1774, nearly the same. At the commencement of the period, the tonnage was but 95,266 tons: At the end of it, 1,136,162.\nAs another illustration, he mentioned the case where two countries happened to be in such a relation to each other, that the one, by discouraging the manufactures of the other, might not only invigorate its own, but transplant the manufacturers themselves. Here the gain would be a clear one; and the effect evidently consistent with the principle of the theory.\nTo allow trade to regulate itself is not therefore to be admitted as a maxim universally found. Our own experience has taught us that in certain cases, it is the same thing with allowing one nation to regulate it for another. Were the United States in fact in commercial intercourse with one nation only, and to oppose no restrictions whatever to a system of foreign restrictions, they would of necessity be deprived of all share in the carriage, altho\u2019 their vessels might be able to do it cheapest; as well as of the only resources for defence on that side, where they must always be most exposed to attack. A small burden only in foreign ports on American vessels, and a perfect equality of foreign vessels with our own in our own ports, would gradually banish the latter altogether.\nThis subject, as had been remarked on a former occasion, was not a novel one. It was co-eval with our political birth; and has at all times exercised the thoughts of reflecting citizens. As early as the year succeeding the peace, the effect of the foreign policy which began to be felt in our trade and navigation, excited universal attention and inquietude. The first effort thought of, was an application of Congress to the states for a grant of power for a limited time, to regulate our foreign commerce; with a view to control the influence of unfavorable regulations in some cases, and to conciliate an extension of favorable ones in others. From some circumstances then incident to our situation, and particularly from a radical vice in the then political system of the United States, the experiment did not take effect.\nThe states next endeavored to effect their purpose by separate but concurrent regulations. Massachusetts opened a correspondence with Virginia and other states, in order to bring about the plan. Here again the effort was abortive.\nOut of this experience, grew the measures which terminated in the establishment of a government competent to the regulation of our commercial interests, and the vindication of our commercial rights.\nAs these were the first objects of the people in the steps taken for establishing the present government, they were universally expected to be among the first fruits of its operation. In this expectation the public were disappointed. An attempt was made in different forms and received the repeated sanction of this branch of the legislature, but they expired in the Senate: Not indeed, as was alledged, from a dislike to the attempt altogether, but the modifications given to it. It has not appeared, however, that it was ever renewed in a different form in that house; & for some time it has been allowed to sleep in both.\nIf the reasons which originally prevailed against measures, such as those now proposed, had weight in them, they can no longer furnish a pretext for opposition.\nWhen the subject was discussed in the first Congress at New-York, it was said, that we ought to try the effect of a generous policy towards Great-Britain; that we ought to give time for negociating a treaty of commerce; that we ought to await the close of negociations for explaining and executing the treaty of peace. We have now waited a term of more than four years. The treaty of peace remains unexecuted on her part; tho\u2019 all pretext for delay has been removed by the steps taken on ours. No treaty of commerce is either in train, or in prospect. Instead of relaxations in former articles complained of, we suffer new and aggravated violations of our rights.\nIn the view which he took of the subject, he called the attention of the committee particularly to the subject of navigation, of manufactures, and of the discrimination proposed in the motion, between some nations and others.\nOn the subject of navigation, he observed that we were prohibited by the British laws from carrying to Great-Britain the produce of other countries from their ports, or our own produce from the ports of other countries, or the produce of other countries from our own ports; or to send our own produce from our own or other ports in the vessels of other countries. This last restriction was, he observed, felt by the United States at the present moment. It was indeed the practice of Great-Britain sometimes to relax her navigation act so far in time of war, as to permit to neutral vessels a circuitous carriage; but as yet the act was in full force against the use of them for transporting the produce of the United States.\nOn the other hand, the laws of the United States allowed Great-Britain to bring into their ports, any thing she might please, from her own or from other ports; and in her own or in other vessels.\nIn the trade between the United States and the British West-Indies, the vessels of the former were under an absolute prohibition; whilst British vessels in that trade enjoyed all the privileges granted to other, even the most favored nations in their trade with us. The inequality in this case was the more striking, as it was evident that the West-Indies were dependant on the United States for the supplies essential to them, and that the circumstances which secured to the United States this advantage, enabled their vessels to transport the supplies on far better terms than could be done by British vessels.\nTo illustrate the policy requisite in our commercial intercourse with other nations, he presented a comparative view of the American and foreign tonnage employed in the respective branches of it, from which it appeared that the foreign stood to the American as follows\u2014\nSpain\nto\nPortugal\nto\nThe United Netherlands,\nto\nDenmark,\nto\nRussia,\nFrance,\nto\nGreat-Britain,\nto\nIt results from these facts that in proportion as the trade might be diminished with Great-Britain and increased with other nations, would be the probable increase of the American tonnage. It appeared, for example, that as the trade might pass from British channels into those of France it would augment our tonnage at the rate of ten to one.\nThe above calculation, he said, had been made out on the documents of 1790, and on the amount of the tonnage entered in the several ports. A document, stating the amounts of the actual tonnage in the American trade, had been just reported to that house. If this, which was liable to some remarks that might hereafter be made, was to be substituted, it afforded another calculation, diminishing the excess in favor of Great-Britain, but augmenting it in favor of the United States in most of the other instances.\nAccording to this calculation the foreign to the American tonnage might be stated, as follows:\nSpain,\nto\nPortugal,\nto\nUnited Netherlands,\nto\nDenmark,\nto\nRussia,\nto\nFrance,\nto\nbetween 4 & 5\nGreat-Britain, nearly as\nto\nSuch a disproportion, taking even the reduced one, in the navigation with Great-Britain, was the more mortifying, when the nature and amount of our exports are considered. Our exports are not only for the most part, either immediately necessaries of life, or ultimately as necessaries to manufactures, necessaries of employment and life to manufacturers, and must thence command a sure market wherever they are received at all: But the peculiar bulkiness of them furnishes an advantage over the exports of every other country; and particularly over those of Great-Britain. If such an advantage belonged to that nation, the policy which governs her navigation laws, would probably have given the exclusive carriage to her own bottoms. It is equally in our power, if so selfish a principle should be forced upon us, to secure to our bottoms the same monopoly; leaving to other nations with which we trade, the like exclusive carriage of their exports. The regulation would, to be sure, be mutually inconvenient; and by forcing the vessels of each party to return empty from foreign markets, be so far a tax on the intercourse. This effect, however, did not disprove the power in general which the character of our exports gave us, over the carriage of them, nor lessen the argument drawn from it. Examine it in relation to Great-Britain. The bulk of her exports to us compared with that of ours to her, is as nothing. An inconsiderable quantity of shipping would suffice for hers, whilst ours can load about 222,000 tons: Including the articles she exports from the West-Indies to this country, they bear no proportion to ours. Yet in the entire trade between the United States and the British dominions, her tonnage is to that of the United States as 156,000, employing 9,360 seamen, to 66,000, employing 3,690 seamen. Were a rigid exertion of our right to take place, it would extend our tonnage to 222,000; and leave to G. B. employment for much less than the actual share now enjoyed by the United States. It could not be wished to push matters to this extremity. It shewed, however, the very unequal and unfavorable footing, on which the carrying trade, the great resource of our safety and respectability, was placed by foreign regulations, and the reasonableness of peaceable attempts to meliorate it. We might at least, in availing ourselves of the merit of our exports, contend for such regulations as would reverse the proportion, and give the United States the 156,000 tonnage and 9,360 seamen, instead of the 66,000 tonnage and 3,690 seamen.\nHe here adverted to the discount of ten per cent. on the duties paid by goods imported in American bottoms; remarking that it was not founded on the true policy of encouraging our shipping. It was not the imports but exports that regulated the quantity of tonnage. What was imported in American vessels, which would otherwise return empty, was no doubt, a benefit to the American merchant, but could slightly only, if at all, increase the mass of our tonnage. The way to effect this was to secure exportations to American bottoms.\nProceeding to the subject of manufactures, he observed that it presented no compensations for the inequalities in the principles and effects of the navigation system.\nWe consume British manufactures to double the amount of what Britain takes from us; and quadruple the amount of what she actually consumes.\nWe take everything after it has undergone all the profitable labor that can be bestowed on it: She receives in return, raw materials, the food of her industry.\nWe send necessaries to her: She sends superfluities to us.\nWe admit every thing she pleases to send us, whether of her own or alien production. She refuses not only our manufactures, but the articles we wish most to send her; our wheat and flour, our fish, and our salted provisions. These constitute our best staples for exportation; as her manufactures constitute hers.\nIt appeared by an authentic document he had examined, that of the manufactured articles imported in 1790, amounting to 15,295,638 dollars 97 cents, we received from and thro\u2019 Great Britain, 13,965,464 dollars 95 cents.\nDuring the same year, the manufactures imported from France, the next great commercial country, and consuming more of our produce than Great-Britain, amounted to no more than 155,136 dollars and 63 cents.\nTo give a fuller view of our foreign commerce, he stated the balances with the several nations of Europe and their dominions, as follow:\nDollars.\nSpain\nin favor of U. S.\nPortugal\ndo.\nU. Netherlands\ndo.\nSweden\ndo.\nDenmark\nagainst the U. S.\nFrance\nin favor of U. S.\nG. Britain\nagainst the U. S.\nThis enormous balance to G. B. is on the exports to her. On her consumption the balance is still greater, amounting to nine or ten millions, to which again is to be added her profits on the re-exports in a manufactured and raw state.\nIt might be said that an unfavorable balance was no proof of an unfavorable trade; that the only important balance was the ultimate one on our aggregate commerce.\nThat there was much truth in this general doctrine was admitted; at the same time it was equally certain that there were exceptions to it, some of which were conceived to be applicable to the situation of the United States.\nBut whether the doctrine were just or not, as applied to the United States, it was well known that the reasoning and practice of other countries were governed by a contrary doctrine. In all of them, an unfavorable balance to be paid in specie, was considered as an evil. Great-Britain in particular had always studied to prevent it as much as she could. What then may be the effect on the policy of a nation with which we have the most friendly and beneficial relations, when it sees the balance of trade with us not only so much against her, but all the specie that pays it, flowing immediately into the lap of her greatest rival, if not her most inveterate enemy.\nAs to the discrimination proposed between nations having, and not having commercial treaties with us, the principle was embraced by the laws of most, if not all the states, whilst the regulation of trade was in their hands.\nIt had the repeated sanction of votes in the house of representatives, during the session of the present government at New-York.\nIt has been practised by other nations, and in a late instance against the United States.\nIt tends to procure beneficial treaties from those who refuse them, by making them the price of enjoying an equality with other nations in our commerce.\nIt tends, as a conciliatory preference, to procure better treaties from those who have not refused them.\nIt was a prudent consideration, in dispensing commercial advantages, to favor rather those whose friendship and support may be expected in case of necessity, than those whose disposition wore a contrary aspect. He did not wish to enter at present, nor at all, if unnecessary, into a display of the unfriendly features which marked the policy of Great-Britain towards the United States. He should be content to lay aside, at least for the present, the subject of the Indians, the Algerines, the spoliations, &c. but he could not forbear remarking generally, that if that, or any other nation were known to bear us a settled ill-will, nothing could be more impolitic than to foster resources which would be more likely to be turned against us, than exerted in our favor.\nIt had been admitted by the gentleman who spoke yesterday (Mr. Smith of South Carolina) to be a misfortune, that our trade should be so far engrossed by any one nation, as it is, in the hands of Great-Britain. But the gentleman added nothing to alleviate the misfortune, when he advised us to make no efforts for putting an end to it. The evils resulting from such a state of things were as serious as they were numerous. To say nothing of sudden derangements from the caprice with which sovereigns might be seized, there were casualities which might not be avoidable. A general bankruptcy, which was a possible event, in a nation with which we were so connected, would reverberate upon us with a most dreadful shock. A partial bankruptcy, had actually and lately taken place; and was severely felt in our commerce. War is a common event particularly, to G. Britain, and involves us in the embarrassments it brings on her commerce whilst ours is so disproportionately interwoven with it. Add, the influence that may be conveyed into the public councils by a nation directing the course of our trade by her capital, & holding so great a share in our pecuniary institutions; and the effect that may finally ensue on our taste, our manners, and our form of government itself.\nIf the question be asked, what might be the consequence of counter-efforts, and whether this attempt to vindicate our public interests would not produce them? His answer was, that he did not in the least apprehend such a consequence, as well because the measure afforded no pretext, being short of what was already done by Great-Britain in her commercial system, as because she would be the greatest sufferer from a stagnation of the trade, between the two countries if she should force on such a crisis.\nHer merchants would feel it. Her navigation would feel it. Her manufacturers would feel it. Her West-Indies would be ruined by it. Her revenue would deeply feel it. And her government would feel it thro\u2019 every nerve of its operations. We too should suffer in some respects, but in a less degree, and, if the virtue and temper of our fellow citizens were not mistaken, the experiment would find in them a far greater readiness to bear it. It was clear to him, therefore, that if Great-Britain should, contrary to all the rules of probability, stop the commerce between the two countries, the issue would be a compleat triumph to the United States.\nHe dwelt particularly on the dependence of British manufactures on the market of the United States. He referred to a paper in Andersons history of commerce, which states the amount of British manufactures at \u00a3.51,310,000 sterling, and the number of souls employed in, and supported by them, at 5,250,000. Supposing the United States to consume two and a half millions of British manufactures which is a moderate estimate, the loss of their market, would deprive of subsistence 250,000 souls. Add 50,000 who depend for employment on our raw materials. Here are 300,000 souls, who live by our custom. Let them be driven to poverty and despair by acts of their own government, and what would be the consequence? Most probably an acquisition of so many useful citizens to the United States, which form the natural asylum against the distresses of Europe. But whether they should remain in discontent and wretchedness in their own country, or seek their fortunes in another, the evil would be felt by the British government as equally great, and be avoided with equal caution.\nIt might be regarded, he observed, as a general rule, that where one nation consumed the necessaries of life produced by another, the consuming nation was dependent on the producing one. On the other hand, where the consumption consisted of superfluities, the producing nation was dependent on the consuming one. The United States were in the fortunate situation of enjoying both these advantages over Great-Britain. They supply a part of her dominions with the necessaries of life. They consume superfluities which give bread to her people in another part. Great Britain therefore is under a double dependence on the commerce of the United States. She depends on them for what she herself consumes: she depends on them for what they consume.\nIn proportion as a nation manufactures luxuries must be its disadvantage in contests of every sort with its customers. The reason is obvious. What is a luxury to the consumer is a necessary to the manufacturer. By changing a fashion, or disappointing a fancy only, bread may be taken from the mouths of thousands whose industry is devoted to the gratification of artificial wants.\nHe mentioned the case of a petition from a great body of buckle makers presented a few years ago to the prince of Wales, complaining of the use of strings instead of buckles in the shoes, and supplicating his royal highness as giving the law to fashions, to save them from want and misery, by discontinuing the new one. It was not, he observed, the prince who petitioned the manufacturers to continue to make the buckles, but the manufacturers who petitioned their customers to buy them. The relation was similar between the American customers and the British manufacturers. And if a law were to pass for putting a stop to the use of their superfluities, or a stop were otherwise to be put to it, it would quickly be seen from which the distress and supplications would flow.\nSuppose that Great Britain received from us alone the whole of the necessaries she consumes; and that our market alone took off the luxuries with which she paid for them. Here the dependence would be compleat; and we might impose whatever terms we pleased on the exchange. This to be sure is not absolutely the case; but in proportion as it is the case, her dependence is on us.\nThe West-Indies however are an example of compleat dependence. They cannot subsist without our food. They cannot flourish without our lumber, and our use of their rum. On the other hand we depend on them for not a single necessary, and can supply ourselves with their luxuries from other sources. Sugar is the only article about which there was ever a question, and he was authorised to say, that there was not at the most, one sixth of our consumption supplied from the British islands.\nIn time of war or famine the dependence of the West-Indies is felt in all its energy. It is sometimes such as to appeal to our humanity as well as our interest for relief. At this moment, the governor of Jamaica is making proclamation of their distresses. If ever therefore there was a case where one country could dictate to another the regulations of trade between them, it is the case of the United States, and the British West-Indies. And yet the gentleman from South-Carolina (Mr. Smith) had considered it as a favor that we were allowed to send our provisions in British bottoms & in these only, to the West-Indies. The favor reduced to plain language in the mouth of their planters, would run thus: We will agree to buy your provisions rather than starve, and let you have our rum, which we can sell nowhere else; but we reserve out of this indulgence a monopoly of the carriage to British vessels.\nWith regard to revenue, the British resources were extremely exhausted in comparison with those of the United States.\nThe people of Great-Britain were taxed at the rate of 40/ a head: the people of the United States at not more than 6/ a head; less than one-sixth of the British tax.\nAs the price of labor which pays the tax is double in the United States, to what it is in Great-Britain, the burden on American citizens is less than one-twelfth of the burden on British subjects.\nIt is true indeed that Britain alone does not bear the whole burden. She levies indirect taxes on her West-Indies and on her East-Indies; and derives from an acquiescence in her monopolizing regulations, an imperceptible tribute from the whole commercial world.\nStill however the difference of burden in the two countries is immense.\nBritain has moreover great arrears of unfunded debts. She is threatened with defects in her revenue even at this time. She is engaged in an expensive war. And she raises the supplies for it on the most expensive terms.\nAdd to the whole that her population is stationary if not diminishing, whilst that of the United States is in a course of increase beyond example.\nShould it still be asked whether the impost might not be affected, and how a deficiency could be supplied? He thought sufficient answers might be given.\nHe took for granted that the articles subjected to the additional duties would continue to come according to the demand for them: And believed if the duties were prudently adjusted, the increase of the duties would balance the decrease of importation.\nOur country is able to import, and probably will import, in proportion to our exports. Our exports amount, say, to twenty millions of dollars. If we import less from one country we shall import more from another. If we import less of some things we shall import more of other things; and according to our imports will be our revenue.\nSuppose Great-Britain to make the rash and improbable experiment of prohibiting all commerce with the United States: She does not consume more than one-fourth of our exports; and we derive perhaps nearly half our revenue from the productions of other countries. In this point of view we should at the worst have three-fourths of our exports to pay for our reduced imports; and consequently a balance of about five millions of specie flowing into our country. The faculty which this would give to operations of revenue, together with the consideration that the labor employed on one-fourth of our ordinary exports would be employed for internal purposes, might assure us that a judicious government would easily be able to provide the means of supplying the deficiency of impost.\nBut it was superfluous to enter into calculations of this sort. He recurred to the utter improbability that such a contingency should happen. He was fully persuaded that the resolutions, if agreed to, would not impair the revenue.\nIt is objected, that Spain and Portugal who are good customers to us, and the latter particularly friendly, having no commercial treaty with us, will come within the operation of the resolutions.\nSeveral answers may be given to this objection.\n1. They do not manufacture the articles in question so as to be sensibly affected.\n2. They employ but little tonnage in our trade: Spain 2,689 tons only; Portugal 2,340 tons only: They are supposed to be little anxious to increase the foreign branches of their carrying trade, being content with the internal trade carried on with their own dominions. As they have no navigation act within the purview of the resolutions, they would not be exposed to the retaliating clauses on that subject.\n3. If friendly, they can be admitted to treaty on equitable conditions whenever they please.\n4. They can easily be excepted, if thought expedient, either by a general proviso that the resolutions shall not extend to nations having no navigation act such as is therein described; or by providing that they shall not extend to countries south of Cape-Finisterre, a distinction familiar to the British statute-book.\nIt is said that Great-Britain treats the United States as well as she treats other nations, and therefore they ought to be satisfied.\nIf other nations were willing to bear unequal regulations, or unable to vindicate their rights, it was no example for us.\nBut is it true that the same degree of reciprocity subsists between the United States & Great-Britain, as between Great-Britain and other countries? He did not admit this to be the case. Where treaties existed, they stipulated in many instances, mutual and equal conditions of intercourse. He gave an example in the treaty of Methuen, in which the admission of British woolens by Portugal was balanced by the admission of Portugal wine, by Great-Britain. The treaty with France of late date, was another example, where a variety of reciprocal privileges and countervailing duties, were minutely provided for. Where no treaties existed or where they were silent, there were often legal regulations reciprocating the regulations of Great-Britain. He referred to the laws of Sweden and Denmark on the subject of manufactures as instances.\nIt is said that Great-Britain treats us as well as other nations treat us. What nation he asked, had such a navigation act? What nation besides, excludes us from a circuitous trade? What nation excludes us from carrying our own commodities in our own bottoms, where the carriage is allowed to her bottoms?\nIt is said, that at least Great-Britain treats us as well as we are treated by France, who will be favored by the resolutions. This point was particularly labored yesterday, by the gentleman from South-Carolina, (Mr. Smith,) who made a comparison of those two countries the principal basis of the discussion. As they were in fact the two countries which stood in the most important relations to the United States, the subject required a pretty accurate view of their respective dispositions, regulations, and intercourse with this country.\nOn the subject of the dispositions of France and Great-Britain towards the United States, the gentleman, (Mr. Smith) was of a very different opinion, Mr. Madison observed, from that expressed in the message of the President. The message informed the house, that France had generally manifested a friendly disposition towards the United States, had granted advantages to their commerce, and had actually made overtures for placing it permanently on a better footing. While the language of the communications, with respect to Great-Britain, sufficiently proves that there was no room for compliments of a like kind to that nation.\nHe meant to shew, however, from a particular review, in what light the two nations stood to us; and for that purpose should submit to the committee a comparative statement, as the gentleman had done, of their commercial policy towards us. He premised, however, that he could not follow the example of recurring to a period antecedent to the French revolution for evidence in relation to France. Mr. Smith, seemed to think that the order of things subsequent to that period, could not be regarded as a settled order. He, (Mr. Madison) on the contrary, considered it as the only settled order. He hoped and believed, that the revolution was not a fugitive thing, as some might wish, but that it was irreversibly established, and that the new republic would flourish for ever on the ruins of the ancient monarchy. He should not, however, he said, reject from his enquiry, what was done previous to the date of the republic in favor of the United States, because it could not be reasonably supposed that the disposition of the nation would be less favorable now, than it was under the former government.\nHe then proceeded to a view of the footing on which the commerce stood with the British and French dominions.\nWheat and Flour. In France free, that is to say, under a duty of one-eighth per cent. as a custom-house regulation, merely for ascertaining the quantity imported. This remark is to be applied to several other articles, which will be mentioned as free.\nIn Great-Britain, wheat and flour are prohibited, till the price is up at 6/3 sterling a bushel; which as to the United States, may be deemed a perpetual prohibition.\nIn the French West-Indies, these articles are also free; and as he at first stated, by a general law which had been suspended from time to time; but being told that he was mistaken, the articles being prohibited by a general law, and free only by suspensions, he said, that altho\u2019 his documents gave him other information, he should leave the fact for further examination; adding, however, that it was not essential, as the actual practice and disposition of France on this subject were chiefly to be regarded.\nIn the British West-Indies these articles were free, but in British bottoms only.\nRice. In France free. In Britain under a duty of 7/4 sterling the hundred. In the French islands under a duty of one per cent. In the British, free in British bottoms.\nSalted Fish. In France under a duty of 8 livres the kental. In Britain prohibited. In French islands admitted under some discouragements, which did not however prevent a great consumption. In the British islands prohibited.\nSalted Beef. In France under a duty of 5 livres a kental. In Britain prohibited. In French islands under a duty of 1 per cent. and 3 livres a kental. In British islands prohibited.\nSalted Pork. In France, under a duty of 5 livres a kental in some ports; prohibited in others. In Britain under a prohibitory duty of 44/9 a kental. In the British and French islands prohibited.\nIndigo. In France under a duty of 5 livres a kental. In Britain free. In the British and French islands prohibited.\nWhale Oil. In France under a duty of 7 livres 10 sols a barrel of 520 lbs. In Britain under a duty of \u00a3.18.3. a ton. In both West-Indies prohibited.\nTar, Pitch, and Turpentine. In France under a duty of 2 per cent. In Britain, under duties, tar and pitch 11d. per barrel, turpentine \u2154 per 100 lb.\nTobacco is on a footing pretty similar in the two countries. So are wood, pot and pearl ash and flax-seed.\nIndian Corn, Wood, Live Animals (except horses and mules which are free) in the French islands pay a duty of 1 per cent. In the British they are free, in British bottoms, prohibited in American bottoms.\nShips. In France, free to be naturalized. In Britain prohibited.\nHe proceeded to state the comparative amount of our exports and imports in the commerce with the two nations, and the balances on them as before shewn. He noticed particularly the excess of the exports to the French West-Indies which amounted to 3,284,656 dollars, over those to the British, which amounted to 2,357,583: Observing the importance of that market, and the more especially as it supplies the article of molasses, the only raw material imported into the United States, and otherwise so much valued as an article of consumption. He adverted also to the superior proportion of American tonnage in the trade with the French dominions, as had also been before shewn.\nFrom this review, he left the committee to infer the true policy of the United States with regard to their commerce, in its two most considerable branches. He thought it clear, that in every view it was incumbent on the United States to cultivate the connection and intercourse with the French nation. As a market for our produce, their vast population, and their use of our articles of mere consumption, were peculiarly precious to our agriculture. They could do better without our trade than Great-Britain, yet they shewed more disposition to favor it. And what was by no means to be disregarded, they were the only considerable power on the face of the earth, sincerely friendly to the republican form of government established in this country.\nOf all the objections which Mr. Madison had heard suggested against the resolutions, the most extravagant and chimerical was the idea of a war with Great-Britain in consequence of them. He was at a loss to say whether such an objection were a greater insult to the character of that nation or to the understanding of America. At the utmost the propositions go only to a reciprocity. They do not in fact go so far. On what imaginable pretext then can Great-Britain make war upon us. If we are no longer colonies, but independent states, we surely can do what all independent states do, regulate our trade as may suit our own interests. And Great-Britain can have the least right of any nation to complain of it, because it is her own example which we follow. If war therefore should be made on us it would only prove a fixt predetermination to make it. And in that case pretexts more plausible than any commercial regulations could easily be found or framed for the purpose.\nThe next ground on which he examined the subject was it\u2019s operation among the several parts of the union. It was admitted and regretted, that the immediate benefits and burdens would not be equally distributed among all the states. More than a due share of the former would flow to the northern division: More than a due share of the latter would fall on the southern. This was unavoidably produced by the unequal advances made in manufactures and navigation; and it was an inconvenience that had necessarily taken place in a variety of other instances. It would be found, however, on a fair attention to the subject, that the inequality would be less than at first appeared.\nWith respect to manufactures, the southern states were at least equally interested in encouraging and distributing a competition for our market, among different nations of Europe, instead of being so much in the hands of a single one.\nThe duty on the finer articles imported would fall on those most able to bear it; and would be pretty equally diffused through the union.\nThe duty on the coarser articles would be saved in proportion to the progress made in manufactures among ourselves; and he was able to say, with great pleasure, that those carried on, not in public factories, but in the household or family way, which he regarded as the most important way, were nearly, if not quite as far advanced in the southern country as in the middle and northern. Virginia was proceeding with great spirit in this branch of industry. North-Carolina he understood was doing the same; and there was no reason why the more southern states would not avail themselves of the resource, especially as they enjoyed superior advantages in the article of cotton, a primary material for the business.\nThe exports would not be materially affected unless Great-Britain, should contrary to all probability, renounce the benefits of the trade in them, and expose her West-India islands to the danger of famine; and in that case, the inconveniences would be not local but general.\nEven in the article of tonnage the inequality at present tho\u2019 considerable, was not so great as he had imagined, before he examined the real state of it. It appeared from the official reports lately made on that subject, that the states south of Pennsylvania (which has about her due share,) have within one-third of their due quota. Georgia has more than her share. South-Carolina nearly her share. North Carolina has three eighths below her share. Virginia has about half her share. Maryland has more than her share. Delaware less than her share.\nThis computation is not perhaps very accurate, because it is founded on the relative population of the states. It should rather have reference to the value and volume of the produce exported from the several states. But as several of them carry on their trade thro\u2019 their neighbours, this rule of calculation would in fact be more uncertain than the other.\nWhatever be the rule, Virginia, he remarked, was the state that appeared most deficient; her exports both in value and bulk, being in full proportion to her population, and her tonnage being more short of that, than could be said of any state. He had every reason, notwithstanding, to believe that the great body of the people of Virginia, would chearfully concur in any temporary sacrifices, that might be necessary to vindicate our public rights, and our commercial interests.\nIt was a consideration that ought to have great weight with the southern states, that a home market for their naval stores would be extended by every measure, favoring our own navigation; and that they must soon begin themselves to turn to effect their natural advantages for ship building. Having the materials on the spot, they would not be long in imitating their northern brethren, North-Carolina was singularly favored in this particular. There was not a single article used in the various component parts of a ship, which she did not possess, or could not raise within herself.\nThe capacity of the United States, to provide with celerity for the transportation of their produce, was strongly attested by what they had effected before the revolution. In the marine of the British empire, whilst the United States were part of it, the American built ships were to the British built as 23 to 40. New-England furnished about three fifths of the former.\nIn two points of view, the southern states were peculiarly interested in promoting our navigation.\nFirst. As they are in some respects the weaker part of the Union, and have most wealth exposed on the sea, they have most need of that protection, which results from extensive marine resources. The existence of these will either prevent attack, or can readily be turned into the means of repelling it.\nSecondly. As they have so much valuable and bulky produce to carry to market, it is their interest to possess a conveyance for it, that may be as little affected as possible by the contingencies and wars of other nations; and particularly of Great-Britain, a nation which is so frequently at war, and which has so disproportionate a share in our carrying trade. This subject, he said, had been placed in so striking a view, by the Secretary of State in a former report on the fisheries, that he should rely on the patience of the committee in reading the observations and calculations to which he alluded. He here read the following note at the end of that report.\n\u201cThat the encouragement of our carrying business is interesting, not only to the carrying states, but in a high degree also to the others, will result from the following facts.\nDollars.\nThe whole exports of the United States, may be stated at\nGreat-Britain carries two-fifths of these in value, that is to say,\nFreight and insurance on this in times of peace, are about twenty-two and one half per cent.\nThe same charges in war are very various, according to the circumstances of the war, we may say, however fifty-five per cent.\nThe difference between peace and war, freight and insurance, then is annually\nTaxed on our agriculture by British wars, during their continuance, and our dependance on British bottoms.\nOf the last one hundred years, Great-Britain has had* forty-two years of war and fifty-eight of peace, which is three of war to every four of peace, nearly.\nM.\nY.\nM.\nPeace.\nWar.\n1712. August\n1727. March\n1783. March\nIn every term of seven years then, we pay three times three million two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, or nine million seven hundred and fifty thousand, which, averaged on the years of peace & war, are annually and constantly one million three hundred & ninety-two thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven more than we should, if we could raise our own shipping to be competent to the carriage of all our productions. Besides this, many of our bulky articles, not bearing a war freight, cannot be exported, if exposed, to that, so that their total loss is to be added to that before estimated.\u201d\nThis was a demonstration of the interest the United States had, particularly the southern states, in obtaining an independent transportation for their commodities; and the effect of the present war to which Britain as a party, in depriving them of the ordinary foreign resource, is bringing the evidence home to their feelings at the present moment.\nIt had been asked what ground there was for concluding, that Great-Britain would be led by the measures proposed, to change her policy towards the United States. He thought we had the best ground for relying on such an effect.\nIt is well known, that when she apprehended such measures would be taken, she manifested a readiness to admit a greater reciprocity into the commerce between the two countries. A bill for the purpose was brought into the house of commons by the present minister Mr. Pitt, and would probably have passed into a law, if hopes had not sprung up that they should be able to maintain their exclusive system. Knox, an under secretary, appears from a collection of papers published by him, to have been the chief adviser in the cabinet, as Lord Sheffield was the great champion before the public, of this experiment. It was founded according to both these witnesses, on a belief\u20141st. That Nova-Scotia and Canada, would soon be able to feed the West-Indies, and thereby make them independent of supplies from the United States. 2dly. That the general government was so feeble that it could not execute a plan of retaliating restrictions\u2014and, 3dly. That local interests and prejudices predominated so much among the states, that they would never even agree in making an attempt.\nIt is now thoroughly understood and admitted by the most biassed judges, that the British continental colonies cannot supply the islands; that as well as the islands, they depend frequently for essential supplies on the United States. This calculation therefore has failed Great-Britain.\nThe next has been completely destroyed by the change of our former frail confederacy, into a government which is found to be adequate to all its national objects. This hope has therefore in like manner failed.\nThe only remaining hope that can induce Great-Britain to persevere in the plan of conduct she has adopted towards the United States, lies in the supposed difficulty of reconciling their different interests and local prejudices. The present occasion will decide whether this hope also shall be withdrawn from her; or whether she is to be inspired with fresh confidence in pursuing her own interests without a due respect either for our interests or for our rights.\nHe could not but view the present as perhaps the final chance of combining the opinions and interests of the several quarters of the Union in some proper and adequate plan. If at a moment when so many occurrences conspire to unite the public councils; when the public mind is so well disposed to second all equitable and peaceable means of doing justice to our country; and when our commerce is so critically important to the vital resources of Great-Britain, it should be found that nothing can be done, he could foresee no circumstances under which success was to be expected. To reject the propositions therefore, whilst nothing better was substituted, must convey the most unfavorable impressions of our national character, and rivet the fetters on our commerce, as well as prolong other causes which had produced such injurious consequences to our country. He would not permit himself to apprehend that such would be the event of the deliberations of the committee.\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 27 Feb. 1794 (also reported in Philadelphia Gazette, 16 Jan. 1794, General Advertiser, 16, 17, and 18 Jan. 1794, and Gazette of the U.S., 17, 18, and 20 Jan. 1794). Reprinted in James Madison, Speech in the House of Representatives of the Congress of the United States, Delivered January 14, 1794, by James Madison, of Virginia, in Support of His Propositions for the Promotion of the Commerce of the United States, and in Reply to William Smith, of South Carolina (New York, 1794; EvansCharles Evans, ed., American Bibliography \u2026\n          1639 \u2026 1820 (12 vols.; Chicago, 1903\u201334). Roger P. Bristol, ed., Supplement to Charles Evans\u2019 American Bibliography\n   JM gleaned these figures from Sheffield, Observations on Commerce (1784 ed.), pp. 136\u201337. For his previous use of this information, see For the National Gazette, 19 Nov. 1791, PJMRobert A. Rutland et al., eds., The Papers\n          of James Madison: Presidential Series (1 vol. to date; Charlottesville, Va.,\n   On 30 Apr. 1784 the Continental Congress passed resolutions recommending that the states grant to Congress for fifteen years the power to exclude the carrying trade of nations not having a commercial treaty with the U.S. and cargoes imported in ships not of the same country of origin (JCCWorthington C. Ford et al., eds., Journals\n          of the Continental Congress, 1774\u20131789 (34 vols.; Washington, 1904\u201337)., 26:322).\n   JM\u2019s reciprocity proposals for the impost and tonnage bills of 1789 passed the House but were defeated in the Senate (PJMRobert A. Rutland et al., eds., The Papers\n          of James Madison: Presidential Series (1 vol. to date; Charlottesville, Va.,\n   Hamilton\u2019s \u201cStatement of the Actual Tonnage of American Vessels,\u201d 10 Jan. 1794 (ASPAmerican State Papers: Documents,\n          Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States \u2026 (38 vols.;\n        Washington, 1832\u201361)., Commerce and Navigation, 1:252).\n   This discount was provided for in section 5 of the Impost Act of 1789 (U.S. Statutes at LargeThe Public Statutes at Large of the United\n   The figures in this and the succeeding paragraph appear in JM\u2019s List of Imports, 1789\u20131790, ca. 29 Dec. 1793, probably based on an \u201cauthentic document\u201d supplied by Tench Coxe.\n   JM arrived at these figures by calculating the differences between exports and imports as stated in the \u201cReport of the Secretary of State on the Privileges and Restrictions on the Commerce of the United States in Foreign Countries\u201d of 16 Dec. 1793 (ASPAmerican State Papers: Documents,\n          Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States \u2026 (38 vols.;\n        Washington, 1832\u201361)., Foreign Relations, 1:301).\n   Anderson, Origin of Commerce (1790 ed.), 6:699.\n   For JM\u2019s previous use of this example, see For the National Gazette, 20 Mar. 1792, PJMRobert A. Rutland et al., eds., The Papers\n          of James Madison: Presidential Series (1 vol. to date; Charlottesville, Va.,\n   Great Britain concluded the Methuen Treaty with Portugal in 1703 and the Eden Treaty with France in 1786.\n   JM paraphrased part of Washington\u2019s 5 Dec. 1793 message to Congress (ASPAmerican State Papers: Documents,\n          Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States \u2026 (38 vols.;\n        Washington, 1832\u201361)., Foreign Relations, 1:141).\n   \u201cReport on the American Fisheries by the Secretary of State,\u201d 1 Feb. 1791, appendix no. 18 (Boyd, Papers of JeffersonJulian P. Boyd et al., eds., The Papers of\n          Thomas Jefferson (21 vols. to date; Princeton, N.J., 1950\u2014)., 19:236). JM provided this information for Jefferson in his memorandum of ca. 31 Jan. 1791 (PJMRobert A. Rutland et al., eds., The Papers\n          of James Madison: Presidential Series (1 vol. to date; Charlottesville, Va.,\n   During the last days of Lord Shelburne\u2019s government in 1783, William Pitt the younger as chancellor of the exchequer (then in his liberal period) proposed an American intercourse bill to reestablish commercial relations on the basis of reciprocity. Shelburne\u2019s ministry had already lost a vote of confidence over the terms of the peace treaty with the U.S., and the new Fox-North coalition won passage of an alternative bill that authorized the king in council to regulate trade with the U.S. (Setser, Commercial Reciprocity Policy of the United States, 1774\u20131829, p. 44; Hansard\u2019s Parliamentary Debates, 23:609\u201311, 724\u201325, 762; 23 Geo. 3, chap. 39, Statutes at Large [1786 ed.], 14:331).\n   William Knox, Extra Official State Papers Addressed to the Right Hon. Lord Rawdon (2 vols.; London, 1789), 2: appendix, 69\u201371, 75\u201376; Sheffield, Observations on Commerce (1784 ed.), pp. 168, 198\u2013200.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0121", "content": "Title: Commercial Discrimination, [15 January] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[15 January 1794]\n   Ames objected to a motion to go into Committee of the Whole, since papers from the secretary of state, relating to negotiations with Britain for a commercial treaty, had not yet been printed for the House.\nMr. Madison said that it was somewhat singular, that an objection should be made to the going into a committee for the want of these papers. This want ought to have been stated upon Monday. As to the idea of a friendly disposition on the part of Britain, for entering into a treaty of commerce, he was convinced that Britain had no disposition that way. This he inferred from some passages in the speech of the President, which were, at his desire, read by the clerk. He trusted that the house would not hesitate in resolving itself into a committee of the whole immediately, in order to discuss the propositions.\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 18 Jan. 1794 (reprinted in General Advertiser, 21 Jan. 1794).\n[15 January 1794]\nIn Committee of the Whole, FitzSimons opposed JM\u2019s first resolution of 3 January, saying it \u201cwas by far too indefinite.\u201d\nMr. Madison regarded the objection of the gentleman as entirely of a new kind. He had refused his consent to the first of the resolutions, because it was indefinite. But the propositions laid before the house a few days ago, with respect to the Algerines, were fully as indefinite; and yet the gentleman who spoke last had recommended them. The order of proceedings, in the present question, were perfectly candid and regular. They were consonant to the practice of the house, and the practice of the gentleman himself.\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 18 Jan. 1794 (reprinted in General Advertiser, 21 Jan. 1794).\n   JM referred to the House resolutions of 2 Jan. providing for a naval force against the Algerine corsairs. FitzSimons was chairman of the select committee appointed to report on that naval force and the ways and means necessary to meet its cost (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 154\u201355).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0122", "content": "Title: From James Madison to John Dawson, 15 January 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Dawson, John\nLetter not found. 15 January 1794. Acknowledged in Dawson to JM, 23 Jan. 1794. Mentions two causes of opposition to JM\u2019s resolutions on commercial discrimination.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0123", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Alexander White, 19 January 1794\nFrom: White, Alexander\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nWoodville 19th. January 1794\nI cannot dispense with making my acknowledgements for your attention, and the communications you have favd. me with\u2014in return I have little to inform you, the season has been unfavourable to the winter grain, the early fall of snow is nearly gone, and tho\u2019 we have had some moderate weather the frost has at other times been very severe.\nWe are anxious to hear the event of the representation to the French Goverment on the subject of Mr Genets conduct, indeed nothing but anxious thoughts can arise from every reference to Forreign Nations. Every Nation no doubt has a right to secure peace to herself, but the manner in which that between Portugal and Algiers was brought about is truly alarming. I still however hope that by proper exertions on our part the greatest of all Calamities War, may be prevented\u2014and that the People awakened by the sense of danger will submit to the necessary burdens. Various reports respecting men and measures circulate here, which I need not repeat, because if true, they will be authenticated before I could possibly receive an answer to this. Sally Hite was married last Tuesday to Alexr Pitt Buchanan of Baltimore. I am with real regard Your sincere Friend\nAlexr White", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0124", "content": "Title: To James Madison from John Dawson, 20 January 1794\nFrom: Dawson, John\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir!\nRich: Januy 20. 94.\nOn my return to this place on saturday evening I haves [sic] favourd with your letter of the 31. of the last month, with its enclosure, for which I thank you.\nBy the en[c]losd paper you will find that the situation of the republic of France is very flattering. I was in Suffolk when the sloop arrivd, & think that the accounts which she brings may be depended on\u2014but presume you will by this have all the particulars, as the despatches to the minister have, no doubt, gone on.\nI think with you on the subject of the Algerine business, and highly approve the resolutions which you have offerd to the Committee\u2014they will no doubt be opposd by a certain party, tho I trust without success.\nI wrote Colo Monroe & yourself some time ago fully relative to the British frigate the D\u00e6dalus. I will now only observe, inter nos, that the French Consul, Oster, at Norfolk, is one about whom many suspicions are entertaind at Norfolk\u2014that he & the B. Consul, are frequently together, and in no case has he appeard to have exerted himself in behalf of his nation.\nWe shall be in a very disagreeable situation for some months the citizens having this day determind on a general innoculation for the small pox. With real regard Yr. friend & Sert\nJ Dawson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0125", "content": "Title: Commercial Discrimination, [20 January] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[20 January 1794]\n   Smith (South Carolina) observed that supporters of JM\u2019s resolutions had argued that Britain had demonstrated no desire for a commercial treaty with the United States. Smith alleged that in the correspondence between the president and the British minister \u201cas printed by order of the house, it appears, that there is a chasm occasioned by the omission of a letter from the secretary of state, to that minister, which letter is referred [to] in a subsequent letter.\u201d\nMr. Madison thought that there was a chasm which should be filled up, but it might do as well to defer the matter for a day or two, till enquiry should be made of the secretary of state, why it had been withheld. Upon informing the president, he would either give it up, or mention the reasons why it should not.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0128", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Henry Lee, 23 January 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Madison, James\nI had the pleasure my dear sir to receive your letter by Mr. Adair & shall pay every attention to that gentleman. He seems to be a man of letters & a man of worth. We hear nothing here but what must be known to you. A report has prevailed for some days past that Mr. Randolph is appointed Secretary of State, Lewis Attorney general & Mr Genet recalled. The conduct of the latter gentleman is so different from what I had conceived from the few moments I spent with him that I am lost in my attempts to account for it. I am very happy to find Congress proceed with temper & in evident attention to our critical situation. Your late propositions I have read & approve the principle on which they are founded but do not so far understand our connexions with forgeign [sic] nations as to say to what extent the policy should be carried or whether this moment is proper to apply it. Indeed to Judge with truth on these two points a very accurate knowledge of our foreign relationships commercial & other is an indispensible prerequisite. What is the true state of the So. Carolina attempt to embody men? Much is said about it but I cannot discover the situation of that matter. I see only scraps of Congressional debates generally so brief as to be unintelligible. I suppose the printers have not yet recovered from their share in the late Calamity.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0129", "content": "Title: Commercial Discrimination, [23 January] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[23 January 1794]\n   In Committee of the Whole, Dexter argued that British regulations had not greatly harmed American prosperity and that JM\u2019s resolutions could lead to war with Britain.\nMr. Madison next rose in reply to some remarks made by Mr. Dexter. He said that he wondered how gentlemen could suppose, that to be war on the table. Did they suppose Britain so unwise or so unjust as to declare a war. Every consideration of interest must prevent it. He hoped that we did not now deliberate as a colony, but as an independent people, whose measures were not to be dictated by any other powers. What could Britain gain by a contest? Would war employ her starving manufacturers? Would war furnish provisions to her West-India islands which in that case, must also starve? Would war give employment to the vessels that had formerly imported luxuries to America? Were Britain to declare war, he could give no name equal to her folly. She would plunge herself ten times deeper in the difficulties that she wanted to avoid. Every counterregulation would be a stroke against herself.\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 25 Jan. 1794.\n[23 January 1794]\n   Giles defended JM\u2019s resolutions in a long speech.\nMr. Madison rose to take notice of one or two remarks, that had fallen from the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. Dexter). He was surprized; he owned, to hear that gentleman say, this country might be considered as enjoying perfect health, after full proof of the injustice of some regulations imposed on us, by the British, was strong in every Member\u2019s mind; whilst we are sensible that they incite the Indians on one side, and have let loose the Algerines on the other, whilst our commerce suffers by incessant spoliations; and whilst the treaty of peace, is yet unfulfilled on their part.\nMr. Dexter explained, that he agreed that in a political point of view, we are undoubtedly sufferers; but in a commercial light, the body politic is in full health.\nMr. Madison continued and observed, that before this country grows to the state of vigour intended by nature, we must remove the trammels that impede our growth. He next made some remarks on the observation that had fallen from more than one quarter, that the adoption of the resolutions would excite retaliation on the part of Great-Britain. If the paper on the table, as asserted, is war, war now exists. The resolutions only go half way towards meeting the regulations on the part of Great-Britain. On what pretence could they retaliate? The ground meant to be occupied, we have full right to possess. If, disregarding all prudence and justice, they should incline to resent it, still their interest will prevent them. Great-Britain too much depends on us, for the consumption of her manufactures, and her colonies are too dependent on us, for necessaries, to allow her to retaliate.\nBut the fear of what Britain might do unjustly, should not deter us from doing what we have a right to do; and notwithstanding the eloquence displayed this day, the committee must still be convinced, that they have a right to deliberate on the interests and to maintain the rights of Americans.\n   General Advertiser, 5 Feb. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0130", "content": "Title: Commercial Discrimination, [24 January] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[24 January 1794]\n   In Committee of the Whole, Dayton asserted: \u201cIf we really labor under wrongs, something more effectual than the measures proposed should be contemplated; but first it is our duty, to endeavor to obtain redress by pacific means, and before irritating measures are adopted, we should be well assured that redress has been refused.\u201d\nMr. Madison saw no ground to hope for redress from negociation, we must be satisfied that that resource has failed. He could not see, admitting we are injured, that we are bound by honor or prudence, to resent the injury, by the last appeal, to arms. It is best, he conceived, to try whether a more pacific weapon may not prove even more effectual. We can make use of none against Great-Britain, more effectual than commercial weapons, in that part, their commerce, that country is most vulnerable. He thought this the most eligible time for the exercise of those means most clearly in our power.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0132", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Charles Fierer, 26 January 1794\nFrom: Fierer, Charles\nTo: Madison, James\nHond. Sir\nDumfries Jany. 26th 1794\nThe many civilities I have received from you, Sir, on a former occasion, induces me to solicit your patronage to a petition which the Honble. Richard B. Lee will lay before the Honble. House of which you are a member. I will not take up your time with a detail of the particulars of my case, as the petition and the vouchers attending the same will explain my situation. I will only observe, that having had the misfortune lately to break a leg, which by being injured in the service of this Country during the late war, has made me a Cripple.\nShould I be fortunate enough, to obtain in you, Sir, a friend to espouse my cause, my gratitude would be as lasting, as my present situation is distressing. I have the honour to be with Sentiments of perfect respect Hond. Sir, Your most Obt. & very humble Servant\nCharles Fierer", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0133", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Madison, Sr., 27 January 1794\nFrom: Madison, James, Sr.\nTo: Madison, James\nLetter not found. 27 January 1794. Acknowledged in JM to James Madison, Sr., 21 Feb. 1794. Asks JM to collect interest on his father\u2019s U.S. treasury certificates by virtue of power of attorney. Inquires about pecan and apple trees to be planted at Montpelier. Mentions money left at Fredericksburg in November 1793 by JM for his father that has not been received.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0137", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Laurence Muse, 1 February 1794\nFrom: Muse, Laurence\nTo: Madison, James\nSir,\nVirginia Port Tappahannock Febry 1. 1794\nFrom the inclosed, I take the liberty of soliciting your interest with the President in my favor, in the appointment of a Collector for this port, which I apprehend will take place immediately. Having been imployed in that business from the Commencement of the Collection Law under the present Government [I] flatter myself I have now acquired a Knowledge sufficient to do justice to the public, and individuals. For your friendly aid in the business I shall ever consider myself under obligations And, With much Respect I am Sir Your Obt Servt\nLaurence Muse", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0139", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Horatio Gates, 3 February 1794\nFrom: Gates, Horatio\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nNew York 3d: February 1794.\nAmongst the Multitude of your Friends, and Admirers, permit me to Congratulate you upon The Fame you have acquired by your Excellent, and truly Patriotic Speech, in Support of Mr: Jeffersons Report, on the Trade & Commerce of The United States: it has gaind you the General plaudit from East to West; The Murmurings of rank Tories, and Interested Factors, serve only to Increase your Popularity; Proceed, & Prosper; The Gentleman who does me the Favour to present You this Letter, is Dr: Robertson, from Bath in England, He goes to philadelphia to see his, and his Ladys Friends; & to indulge his Curiosity at the Seat of The Federal Government. Having a good property both here, and in Europe, he has given up the practice of physick and lives at his Ease; but his best recommendation is, He is a Staunch Whigg; don\u2019t you come here in Summer? Mary, & I hope to see you again under Our Roof: believe me dear Sir Your Affectionate Humble Servant\nHoratio Gates\nP. S. No late arrival from Europe.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0141", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Fontaine Maury, 4 February 1794\nFrom: Maury, Fontaine\nTo: Madison, James\nDear sir\nFredg. Feby. 4. 94\nHaving good reason to suppose that the Office of Collector at Tappahanock will soon be vacant, I have taken the Liberty to request you will do any thing which may be convenient to promote the Election of Mr Laurence Muse, who has long served with much reputation as a deputy in the above office, and is in all respects perfectly Qualified to do the Public every justice. Excuse the Liberty I am taking, and assure yourself it will at all times give me singular pleasure to render you acceptable returns, being with real esteem Dr Sir your mo. obt\nFontaine Maury", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0142", "content": "Title: Commercial Discrimination, [5 February] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[5 February 1794]\n   Lyman moved to postpone further consideration of JM\u2019s resolutions until the first Monday in March. Dexter opposed delay and urged that the resolutions be either voted on or withdrawn.\nMr. Madison assured the gentleman from Massachusetts who wished the resolutions withdrawn, that they were brought forward upon mature reflection, and that with an intention of having the sense of the representatives of the Union upon them. Should he, he said, be finally in the minority in the business, and again hold a seat in the house by the voice of the people he again would bring them forward. Something like the resolutions offered, he believed necessary, especially at this time. Whether the subject is considered in a political or a commercial point of view, whether we endeavour to place our trade with Great Britain on a footing of reciprocity, or whether we mean to obtain redress for the injuries we suffer from that quarter, in both aspects he conceived them equally proper. Tho\u2019 of opinion that the pending questions might be decided, without the imputation of unbecoming haste, at the present time, yet he could object to comply with the wish of those gentlemen who required a short delay to consult the sense of the constituents. As the subject is of very great moment he hoped it would not be postponed, to so late a day as to endanger a fair decision on it during the present session.\n   General Advertiser, 7 Feb. 1794.\n[5 February 1794]\n   Ames and Dayton opposed the motion.\nMr. Madison remarked that he was not so vain as to imagine that his propositions were absolutely perfect, neither would he allow that they were more imperfect than they could be proved to be. When the general nature of them was first explained gentlemen were so candid as to approve? If, however, he had confined himself to bringing forward the first resolution, it might, it would have been objected, that what it was meant to lead to was quite in the dark, a developement of it would have been asked; he, therefore, thought it proper to enter into the detailed view he had taken of the subject. Some parts of that detail may be exceptionable, may require amendment, he expected they would, interests must be compared, small local sacrifices must be made to obtain a great general good, he came prepared to sacrifice his own opinions in matters of lesser moment to that spirit of accommodation necessary in framing a system of regulations intended to embrace the interests of so widely extended a continent. When he spoke of the imperfections of the system he offered & of the amendments it might require he intended to be understood in this light.\n   General Advertiser, 7 Feb. 1794 (also reported in Philadelphia Gazette, 6 Feb. 1794). After further debate, JM voted with the majority when the House approved the motion (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 431\u201332).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0143", "content": "Title: Naval Force against Algerine Corsairs, [6 February] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[6 February 1794]\n   On 20 January the select committee on financing a naval force against the Algerine corsairs submitted its report, which proposed an appropriation of $600,000 to support six warships. The sum was to be raised by increased impost and tonnage duties (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 250). On 6 February the Committee of the Whole on the State of the Union considered a resolution for building the ships.\nWhen the resolution was read, for building four ships of 44 guns and two ships of 20 guns, Mr. Madison rose to enquire, whether there was, in the public stores of the United States, a sufficient quantity of cedar and live oak for building the six vessels? These were the kinds of timber proposed by the resolutions. He was answered, that there was not. He then observed, that it was evident this fleet could not be ready for effective service in the course of the present year. He imagined that there was another resolution, precedent as to the time of voting it, of which he did not know what had become. The resolution to which he alluded was that assigning a sum of money to buy a cessation of hostilities from the regency of Algiers. He was of opinion, that the project of fitting out an armed squadron, was liable to many solid objections. There were two points of light in which this subject might be surveyed. The first of these was, whether the Algerines acted from their own impulse in this business. In that case, they were known to be in the habit of selling a peace; and if they are willing to do so, he fancied that it might be purchased for less money than the armament would cost. On the other hand, if they do not act from their own impulse, but upon the instigation of Britain, we may depend upon it, that they cannot be bought. Britain will keep them hostile. There is infinitely more danger of a British war from the fitting out of ships than from the resolutions on the report of the Secretary of State. The distance which the ships would have to sail is not less than three thousand miles: and their number is too small for a decisive advantage. The combined powers would embrace the equipment of these ships as an excellent opportunity to pick a quarrel with the United States. Mr. Madison expressed his doubts with regard to the propriety of this measure, because the expence was immense, and there was no certainty of reaping any benefit from it.\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 7 Feb. 1794.\n   JM alluded to the first of three resolutions that the House passed on 2 Jan. (see JM\u2019s speech of 27 Dec. 1793, n. and n. 1).\n[6 February 1794]\n   Smith (Maryland) said that America could afford to build a navy because \u201cour profit was twice as great at present, in commerce, as it was before the war\u2026. As an evidence of this fact, he mentioned the high price of wheat at present in this market\u201d (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 435).\nMr. Madison in reply to some remarks which had fallen from Mr. Smith, respecting the present high price of wheat in the American market, said that he had been informed of a place where wheat gives only four shillings and six pence per bushel, where the dollar passes for six shillings. He supposed that Britain could render very essential service to the Algerines, without embarking in a war. She has not embarked in a war to the northwest of the Ohio; but she has done the same thing in substance by supplying the Indians with arms, ammunition and perhaps with subsistence. He did not assert that Britain directed the plan of the Indian expeditions, for he had no explicit evidence that they actually did so. In the same way that they give under-hand assistance to the Indians, they would give it to the Algerines, rather than hazard an open war.\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 7 Feb. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0144", "content": "Title: Naval Force against Algerine Corsairs, [7 February] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[7 February 1794]\n   The Committee of the Whole resumed its consideration of the resolution for building a navy.\nMr. Madison thought this expedient unlikely to answer the purpose, and liable to many objections. Before the American squadron can be equipped, the truce between Algiers and Portugal must expire. When that expiration shall take place she either will not renew the truce at all, or she will stipulate that the United States shall be comprehended in it. He would save the money intended for the fleet, and hire the Portuguese ships of war, with it, as soon as the truce ends. He wished that the committee might reject the present motion, and when they did so, he would move a resolution, a copy of which he read to the committee. It was in substance, \u201cthat the sum of  dollars be provided, to be employed in such a manner as should be found most effectual for obtaining a peace with the regency of Algiers; and failing of this, that the sum should be applied to the end of obtaining protection from some of the European powers.\u201d He considered the armament at present proposed, as quite too small to answer any efficient purpose.\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 10 Feb. 1794 (also reported in General Advertiser, 10 Feb. 1794).\n[7 February 1794]\nFitzSimons and Goodhue, among others, favored the resolution.\nMr. Madison said that gentlemen thought so differently on this subject, and advanced arguments against his side of the question of such a different nature, that it was difficult or impossible to give them an answer. He then proceeded to quote the speech of Mr. Goodhue. That gentleman rose and said that Mr. Madison had misunderstood him. He gave an explanation of his meaning; and when Mr. Madison rose to comment upon it, Mr. Goodhue got up a second time and said that the member misunderstood his explanation. Mr. Madison then proceeded to quote the speeches of Mr. Fitzsimons and Mr. S. Smith.\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 10 Feb. 1794.\n   The newspaper account of the debate continued: \u201cBoth these gentlemen were upon their legs more than once to contradict him as having misquoted them; a charge that he peremptorily denied. In a speech of considerable length, he was not suffered to proceed for any time together without an interruption of this nature. This produced a scene of confusion and altercation through which it was impossible to follow the members, and to prevent a charge of misrepresentation on our part it is safer to pass it over altogether\u2026. In the course of this last debate some reflections were cast out against Mr. Madison which it seems better not to repeat.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0146", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Monroe, 8 February 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nNew Yk. Feby 8. 1794.\nI arrived yesterday too late for the post to bear the acct. of it. I found Mrs. M & the child well tho the former had been nearly lost by the sinking of the ice as she came. Mr. Kortright is living & perfectly in his senses, free from pain & perhaps not near his end. He is however on the decline & confined to his room. I find him most friendly & affectionate, but as yet I am not sufficiently acquainted with his affrs. to say any thing respecting them.\nI am happy to hear that yr. resolutions are postponed & by the authority you mention. I think the publick sentiment with them. I found it a subject of complaint as I passd thro Jersey that the doors of the H. of R. were not shut as those of the Senate were, because the people were already so hostile to G. B. that it wod. be difficult to keep them within bounds if encouraged in that licentious spirit by the discussions in Congress. And one officer of the latter place as I understood who came up from Phila. to Trenton, said the resolutions wod. not pass but that the Secry of T. was preparing some thing that wod. do better. But even this man said he wished France well & felt resentment towards Britn. I hope to hear regularly whilst I stay from you & Colo. Taylor. Affecy. I am yr. friend\nJas. Monroe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0147", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Hudson Muse, 8 February 1794\nFrom: Muse, Hudson\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir,\nVirginia Port Tappa. Feby 8. 1794.\nI have acted imprudent in granting indulgences, and by my returns from this office, made myself lyable for m[o]n[e]y in expectation of it\u2019s being ready when call\u2019d for; by which means has lately been presented draughts for three thousand dollars, that I was not prepared to pay, and consequently were returned. And as such is conduct for which I am lyable to censure, shall esteem myself much obliged to you for doing me kindness to speake to the President, and Secretary of the Treasury, on the occasion, & apologize for me; assuring them, they may relye on the Money being ready for their order in the course of next month, and that I shall take care in future never to be in the like Situation. I am dear sir, with much respect Your Obedt Sert.\nHudson Muse", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0148", "content": "Title: To James Madison from George Washington, [8 February] 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir,\nSaturday Morning [8 February 1794]\nThe Agricultural Society of Philadelphia, are preparing the \u201coutlines of a Plan for establishing a state Society of Agriculture in Pennsylvania\u201d to be laid before the Legislature. Mr. Peters to whom sometime ago I mentioned the Pamphlets &ca. which had been sent me by Sir John Sinclair; & who is appointed to prepare the business for the Legislature\u2014wishes to have the perusal of those Pamphlets\u2014as at this moment\u2014they might be particularly serviceable to him. I would, for this reason, thank you for them. They shall be returned to you, after he has availed himself of any information which is to be derived from them. I am sincerely & Affectionately Yours\nGo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0152", "content": "Title: From James Madison to George Washington, 12 February 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Washington, George\nMr. Madison presents his respectful compliments to the President, and begs leave to lay before him the inclosed letters, on behalf of a candidate for a vacancy in the Custom-House Department in Virginia. Mr. M. being a perfect stranger to the candidate can add no information whatever of his own. He knows Mr. Maury well, and considers his recommendation \u27e8as res\u27e9pectable.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0153", "content": "Title: To James Madison from John Dawson, 12 February 1794\nFrom: Dawson, John\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir!\nRichmond Febry. 12. 94.\nIt was with much pleasure I heard by the last evenings stage that the first of your resolutions had pervaild by a majority of five in the house of representatives, & most sincerely do I wish that they may ultimately succeed, fully convincd of this important truth \u201cthat the nation which commands our commerce, will have a weight in our public counsels.[\u201d] The thing cannot be otherwise.\nSome of our members I find are however opposd to them\u2014& never was I more astonishd than to find Parker among the number, as I am assurd there are several letters from him expressive of his warmest approbation. They may not suit the meridian of the borough of Norfolk but woud give general satisfaction in the districts.\nOn the 8 Inst. a frigate of the French republic, L\u2019Charante of 44 guns, arrivd at Norfolk in 46 days from Rochefort. Nothing particular had transpird at the date of my information, as only one person had been on shore. The general news was, that Toulon was not retaken\u2014that the French were overcoming all Catalonia & Austrian Flanders\u2014that the affairs of the Republic were in the most flourishing situation\u2014immense preparations were making throughout the Kingdom for an Angloexpe[di]tion\u2014that confidence was restord, & faction destroyd. With real esteem Yr. friend & Sert\nJ Dawson.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0154", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Samuel Vaughan, Jr., 14 February 1794\nFrom: Vaughan, Samuel, Jr.\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nLondon. 14 Feby. 1794\nThe present calamatous times afford me the opportunity of introducing to Your acquaintance Monsieur Talleyrand Perigord, whom You are by reputation well acquainted with under the Title of the Bishop of Autun. Altho\u2019 You will lament as much as myself the cause of his retiring to Your Continent, Yet I have no doubt You will feel a Pleasure in showing him those civilities & attentions which his Merit & Character entitle him to.\nI beg You to rest assured of the respect I still have & always shall have for Your distinguished Talents\u2014& of my anxiety to hold a place in Your Esteem. I remain Dr Sir Your faithful & obedt humble Servt\nSamuel Vaughan Junr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0155", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Samuel Vaughan, Jr., 14 February 1794\nFrom: Vaughan, Samuel, Jr.\nTo: Madison, James\nDear sir\nLondon 14 Feby. 1794\nI beg leave to introduce to Your acquaintance Monsieur Beaum\u00e9 lately a Member of the Constituent Assembly, & who is driven by the Dangers of the present Time to the Universal Assylum of the Oppressed & Unsuccessful Advocates in the cause of Liberty\u2014America. The Nature of his Situation & his Merit will both interest You in his favor & ensure those civilities towards him which I am solicitous to procure him. With the greatest respect & Attention I am Dear Sir Your faithful hble Servt.\nsaml Vaughan Junr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0158", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Alexander White, 17 February 1794\nFrom: White, Alexander\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nWoodville 17th. Feb: 1794\nI have to acknowledge your favr. of 4th instant with the enclosures, and in return as usual can say little except with respect to the weather which has been so mild as to carry of[f] the late snow and leave the grain exposed to the various changes of season which may take place, but for want of more important subjects will enter into a Family detail commencing with an event probably known to you, the marriage of Nelly Hite with Mr. Theodorick Lee last April. A similar Union took place between Sally Hite and Mr Alexr Pitt Buchanan of Baltimore 14th Ulo. With them Betsy Briscoe is gone, and Polly Hite is with her Sister Lee, so that we remain solus cum sola unless A White whose scene of Action or rather scene of thought is the Office can be considered of our company. Thus situated; the correspondence and Miscellaneous communications of absent Friends become the more engaging. Are Mr. Priestly or Mr Couper the Author of Reports The Task &c yet in Philadelphia? Do they intend this way? How do they like our Country? Mr Toulman I understand has a high opinion of Kentucky as a farming Country. He spent some time with me before he went there; I was much pleased with his company, and to render the scene more agreeable Miss Madison was of the party. Has our Friend our Republican Friend Page made his appearance yet? If he has give my particular Complts. and tell him he has neglected me as he was among the first I wrote to. Adieu And believe me sincerely yours\nAlexr White\nP. S A letter from a Gentleman in Baltimore this moment informs me, that the Court of G B. has demanded from America a categorical answer to this Question\u2014What part will you take in the War? Is this true?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0159", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Madison, Sr., 17 February 1794\nFrom: Madison, James, Sr.\nTo: Madison, James\nLetter not found. 17 February 1794. Acknowledged in JM to James Madison, Sr., 10 Mar. 1794. Asks JM to make inquiries in Philadelphia about purchasing a piano for his sister Frances Taylor Madison. Requests advice on building a gristmill. Asks for information about a threshing mill (probably the model recently procured by Jefferson). Informs JM that apple trees have been purchased. Inquires about Edmond Charles Genet.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0161", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 21 February 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nHond Sir\nPhilada. Feby. 21. 94.\nThe last I recd. from you was of the 27. Ult. I have not yet had time to examine whether I can draw your interest here by virtue of the power in my hands. It does not seem necessary to decide now on the spot for the Peccan trees, if any should proceed from the Nuts left with you by Mr. Jefferson. They can be easily removed at any time. I have not fixed on any particular no. of Apple Trees. I would chuse a pretty large orchard if to be had and of the sort you think best. If a sufficient number cannot be got for Black-Meadow & Sawney\u2019s, I would be glad to have them divided; & if not worth that, to be planted rather at Sawney\u2019s. How has it happened that the Money left for you in Fredg. has not been recd.? I suppose it has never been applied for.\nThe British packet lately arrived has brought despatches from our Minister there which are no doubt important; but the subject of them is not yet disclosed to Congress. As the British Minister here, has also despatches, & nothing has leaked from that quarter it may be inferred that the intelligence has nothing agreeable to him in it as to the internal affairs of G. B. or agreeable to us in relation to our affairs with that Country.\nThe Commercial propositions moved sometime ago, were postponed till 1st. Monday in March, at the instance of some Eastern Members friendly to them, who wished to communicate with their Constituents. The proposition for a fleet to block up the Algerines was carried in its first stage by 47 to 45. & this small majority is going on with the ways & means. The opponents of the measure consider it as inadequate to the object\u2014that if adequate, it wd. not be permitted by the policy which let loose the Algerines, to take effect\u2014that if this policy did not oppose, a less sum wd. purchase peace\u2014& that sending ships of force among the armed powers, would entangle us in the war, if any thing wd. do it.\nSeveral French Ships of war are arrived in Chesapeak Bay, which are said to have brought a Successor to Mr. Genet, and accounts of the greatest prosperity in the affairs of France.\nIf Mr. Hite & my sister shd. have visited Orange\u2014as he intended when he last wrote me, tell him that I answered his letter on that subject. It is not probable that an adjournment will take place in time for me to see him before his return. What is the prospect in the Wheat fields? What account does Collins give of my Timothy? What has Louis Collins done, and what doing? &ca. My Affection to My Mother & the family. Yr Affe Son\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0162", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Horatio Gates, 23 February 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Gates, Horatio\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Feby. 23. 1794\nYour favor of the 3d. was handed me by Docr. Robertson, whose return to N. York gives me this opportunity of thanking you for his acquaintance. It has been a mortification that I could not avail myself more of it.\nThe Budget from Mr. Pinkney has not yet been laid before Congress. If there were any thing agreeable in the internal affairs of G. B. or in those which concern this Country, it would probably have found its way into conversation from Mr. Hammond\u2019s correspondence. I understand that great reserve has been maintained in that quarter.\nYou will have seen by the Newspapers that a Successor to Genet has just made his appearance. I have not yet seen him; but am told his deportment, tho\u2019 a young man, promises more temperance than marked the character of his predecessor. He left France the 24 Decr. but undertakes to decide nothing with regard to Toulon, beyond the immense exertions in train for reducing it. He represents the condition of France in general as auspicious, and the Revolution as firm as a Rock.\nThe question so long agitated in the Senate as well as out of it, in relation to their doors, has at last been carried for opening them. There being no preparation of a Gallery, the rule will not be put in practice till the ensuing Session, but is on a footing that secures it against all possible danger of being then frustrated. After it was discovered that the vote could not be defeated 19 members fell into it; some who had been most intrepid in opposing the public voice on this Subject.\nThe House of Reps. have been of late occupied with the project of a fleet to block up the Mediterranean. It has passed thro\u2019 several stages, but by such bare majorities that the final success of the measure is not certain. The opponents of it\u2014among whom I include myself, think the force proposed as well as any we can afford, inadequate to the object: that if adequate the same policy that removed the portuguese fleet\u2014would not permit ours to do what that was not allowed to do: that if a fleet would be permitted to force the Algerines into our views, they might be accomplished on better terms either by tribute to those Barbarians, or by arrangements with Portugal, who is more interested in our trade than we are ourselves.\nI do not know that it will be convenient for me to visit N. York before I return to Virginia. The pleasure to which you invite me will be a motive that will have its full effect. I am sorry to hear that you sometimes complain of symtoms of infirm health. Let me recommend the best medicine in the world: a long journey, at a mild Season, thro\u2019 a pleasant Country, in easy stages. As you best know our whole Country, you can best select the season & route that claim these merits. Present my choicest respects to Mrs. Gates, and be assured of the affectionate esteem with which I am Dear Sir Yr friend & servt\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0163", "content": "Title: To James Madison from John Dawson, 25 February 1794\nFrom: Dawson, John\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir!\nRichd Feby. 25: 94.\nI am favourd with your letter. It may have been politic to pos[t]pone the resolutions offerd by you, but realy I cannot at this distance see through it.\nOn the last evening a meeting of a number of Citizens was to have been held in this place to declare to their representative their opinions of his vote. What the[y] did I know not but presume it will be immediately forwarded to him, & will no doubt be warmly in favour of the resolutions.\nI am very anxious to hear some thing about our new French minister, & of what has become of Genet. Yrs. sincerely\nJ Dawson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0164", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Pechy Bledsoe, 28 February 1794\nFrom: Bledsoe, Pechy\nTo: Madison, James\nHonrd. Sir,\nFedrixburg 28th. Feby 1794.\nThe hapiness of having had a slight acquaintance with you, induces me to trouble you with a small piece of business, respecting The servise of a man from your own County, whose Discharge you will Receive inclos\u2019d.\nI made application to Colo. Maddison Senr. for Advice respecting the Conduction of this business. Himself, with several other Gentleman Supposed my Power of Attourney was not Sufficient to Make you a Legal power, But Rather thought it expedient for me to send on the Discharge to your Honour, who cou\u2019d Lay in the Claim, before the Expiration of the time Limited, By Act of Congress for the purpose of Setling Claims against the United States, (Which time Expires on or about the 27th March, as I have been informd) As they expected it would be sufficient to Secure it, untill a person properly authouris\u2019d shou\u2019d make application.\nThis man Serv\u2019d Two years, which I suppose the Continental Books will Shew, as the Regiment he enlisted & serv\u2019d in, was recruted for that Term of time.\nI have the pleasure to inform you, that this state has pass a Law, in favour of the Pettion, you was so Obliging as to Draw for me respecting my own Service To Virginia.\nAny thing necessary, Respecting Mr. Thomasons Service, I shou\u2019d be glad to be inform\u2019d off [sic], A Letter Directed to me Inclos\u2019d in one to the Colo. your Father wou\u2019d in a short time get to my hands Especially, if to the Care of my Uncle Aaron Bledsoe. I am Sir With Esteem Your Hume. Servt.\nPechy Bledsoe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0165", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Maury, 1 March 1794\nFrom: Maury, James\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir,\nLiverpool 1 Mar 1794\nI had this pleasure the 8 November. All your Sales being now closed, I lay them before you. The 3 stemed Hhds were treated in the Manner I had several Times recommended; & I am well pleased to see they have answered my Expectations.\nFor the News I beg to refer you to the papers wch. will be delivered to you by this opportunity. Notwithstanding the immense warlike preparations, I stil[l] flatter myself peace is not remote. I am with true Esteem dr Sir yr obliged friend & St\nJames Maury\nVenus\n4 hhds\nJessie\n1. do\nMaria\n3. do", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0166", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Alexander White, 1 March 1794\nFrom: White, Alexander\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nWoodville 1st. March 1794\nI am favd. with yours of 17th Ulo. with the enclosures. I have never seen a fair discussion in support of your resolutions\u2014only desultory observations of several Members. Smith\u2019s Speach has arrived I have had a cursory reading of it only. I am not sufficiently informed to give a decided opinion with respect to equipping a Fleet to check the Algerines. I am rather inclined in favor of it\u2014but my great object is our internal defence\u2014Security to our Coasts and Harbours with a Militia well regulated and well armed. I am just now informed that there is in Winchester an address from General Clarke to the People encouraging them to enlist under his Banners, in the address he styles himself General of the Revolutionary Legions of Kentucky Also General St Clairs Counter Proclamation, they will be in the Winchesters paper of Monday. During the Night of the 22d a heavy Snow fell. Sunday was mild\u2014but Monday Tuesday and Wednesday were the severest days we have had this winter, the weather has since moderated and the snow wasted but yet covers the ground. Electioneering has taken deep root in this County no less than six Candidates. Our Friend Zane has been brought into trouble. Some falsehoods were propagated with regard to Mr. Pages conduct in the last Assembly. Zane was mentioned as the Author. Page wrote to Zane for explanation or denial. Zane resented the insinuation, and wrote an irritating answer. Page sent a Message by General Morgan, which procured a letter from Zane disavowing his being the author of the report. Page expected some further acknowledgement, which Zane refusing to give Page published the letter above mentioned with an introduction in which he said Zane was constrained to write it\u2014to a paper war succeeded challenges, Seconds chosen times & places appointed, but at length a Quaker Alderman of Winchester (after several of the County Magestrates had refused to interfere) granted a peace Warrant. The Gentlemen were both bound to their good behaviour, and thus ended the great affair. Zane you no doubt have heard is a general. If I had had anything more interesting I should not have blotted Paper with this silly Tale. Adieu, and believe me Yours sincerely\nAlexr White", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0167", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 2 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. March 2d. 1794.\nYour favor of the 15th. Ult: came to hand two days ago. It was not my intention that my first to you should have been procrastinated to the present date; but several causes have concurred in producing the effect. Among others I was in hopes every week to be able to furnish you with the proceedings on the subject grounded on your Commercial Report; and particularly with such of them as related to yourself. It has so happened that I never could find leisure to make out for the press, the share I had in them till very lately. The earlier part of my observations were sent to the Printer several weeks ago, but never made their appearance till thursday evening last. The latter part is following, as you will find, as fast as I can write it out, which from the extreme length of it, the brevity of my notes, and the time that has run since the observations were delivered, is a task equally tedious & laborious. The sequel will be forwarded to you as soon as it gets into print. As you are so little supplied with the current information it may be necessary to apprize you that after the general discussions on the measure proposed by me, had been closed, and the first general resolution agreed to by a majority of 5 or 6, several of the Eastern members friendly to the object insisted on a postponement till the first monday in March. It was necessary to gratify them, and the postponement was carried by a small majority against the efforts of the adverse party, who counted on the votes of the timid members if forced before they could learn the sense of their constituents. The Interval has produced vast exertions by the British party to mislead the people of the Eastern States. No means have been spared. The most artful & wicked calumnies have been propagated with all the zeal which malice and interest could invent. The blackest of these calumnies, as you may imagine have fallen to the lot of the mover of the Resolutions. The last Boston paper contains a string of charges framed for the purpose of making the Eastern people believe that he has been the counsellor & abettor of Gen\u00e8t in all his extravagances, and a corrupt tool of France ever since the embassy of Gerard. It appears however that in spite of all these diabolical man\u0153vres, the town of Boston has been so far awakened as to have a Meeting in the town house, & a pretty unanimous vote for a committee to consider the subject & report proper instructions for their members in Congress. The Committee consists of men of weight, and for the most part of men of the right sort. There are some however who will endeavor to give a wrong turn to the business. I see by a paper of last evening that even in N. York a meeting of the people has taken place at the instance of the Republican party, and that a committee is appointed for the like purpose. As far as I know the names, the majority is on the right side. One motive for postponing the question so long was the chance of hearing from England, and the probability that the intelligence would strengthen the arguments for retaliation. Letters from Pinkney have accordingly arrived. As yet they are under the seal of confidence but it is in universal conversation that they mark precisely and more strongly than ever the unjust & unfriendly features which have characterized the British policy towards the U. States. Soon after the arrival of the Packet, Mr. Randolph wrote to Hammond desiring to know whether an answer had been received to your letter of May 1792. His reply was simply that it had not.\nThe scheme of Frigates to block up the Mediterranean has been pushed slowly, but successfully to the stage of resolutions on which a Bill is to be reported. The Majority has never exceeded two or three votes. Whether the scheme will finally take effect, is not certain. It probably will, unless accounts from Europe furnish hopes that Spain, or Portugal particularly the latter which is friendly and interested in our trade, may interpose.\nGen\u00e8t has been superseded by Fauch\u00e8t, the Secretary to the Executive Council. The latter has not been here long eno\u2019 to develope his temper & character. He has the aspect of moderation. His account of things in France is very favorable on the whole. He takes particular pains to assure all who talk with him of the perseverance of France in her attachment to us, and her anxiety that nothing which may have taken place, may lessen it on our side. In his interview with the President, he held the same language; and I am told by E. R. that the P. not only declared explicitly his affectionate solicitude for the success of the Republic, but after he had done so with great emphasis, desired, in order to be as pointed as possible, that his expressions might be repeated, by E. R. who acted as Interpreter. Fauchet does not speak our language. La Forest comes over with the Minister as Consul General: And Petry, formerly Consul of S. C. as Consul for this place. The political characters of these gentlemen as heretofore understood, give some uneasiness to the Republican party; and the uneasiness has been increased by the homage paid by the leaders of the other party to the new Minister. They may probably aim at practising on him, by abusing the madness of Gen\u00e8t and representing the Republicans as rather his partisans, than the friends of the French cause. But if he is not an uncommon fool, or a traytor, it is impossible he can play into their hands, because the Anglicism stamped on the aristocratic faction must warn him of its hostility to his objects. Gen\u00e8t has not taken any decided step in relation to his future movements. He is said to be poor; and by some to meditate a return to France with a view to join the army, by others a settlement in this Country as a farmer. If he is prudent he will not venture to France in her present temper, with all the suspicions & follies with which he is loaded. You must have seen that Brissot & his party have been cut off by the Guillotine.\nI am informed by an anonymous letter from N. York, that large purchases are making there, & in the Eastern States, for supplying the British armaments in the W. Indies; and that American Vessels are chartering for the conveyance of them. This is really horrible. Whilst we allow the British to stop our supplies to the French Dominions, we allow our citizens to carry supplies to hers, for the known purpose of aiding her in taking from France the Islands we have guaranteed to her; and transferring these valuable markets from friendly & to unfriendly hands. What can be done. The letter writer suggests an Embargo. Perhaps the best step wd. be to declare that so long as G. B. will not allow the French to be supplied by us, we will not allow our supplies to go to her. It is not clear however that such a measure wd. stand the clamor of the merchts. seconded by the interest of the farmers & ship owners.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0169", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Alexander White, 2 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: White, Alexander\nLetter not found. 2 March 1794. Acknowledged in White to JM, 30 Mar. 1794. Probably reports on legislation pending in Congress, including the bill for a naval force against the Algerine corsairs.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0170", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Jones, 4 March 1794\nFrom: Jones, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nDr. Sr.\nFredg. 4th. Mar: 1794\nIt is with real pleasure I learn there is a probability of a favourable issue to the consultations in Boston on the commercial propositions. If, before Mr. Pinkneys communications are promulgated, the People of that City in general felt a degree of resentment to the unjust and unprecedented conduct of the British nation towards us, the knowledge that we have nothing to hope or expect from them in future but a continuation of the like treatment, cannot fail to excite in them just resentment & the adoption of such measures as are calculated to counteract the unwarrantable policy of the British nation\u2014their present policy and views, so far as they can be seen through, appear to me to be replete with danger to the future freedom of commerce and navigation; for what is it they may not attempt, if not accomplish, (stimulated by pride and avarice) when they shall possess all the great maritime ports of France \u27e8near\u27e9 their coast, the French Wt India islands, and those places in the Et. Indies belonging to France, and having as they have generally had, untill the increased navy of France held them in check, so great a superiority at Sea. From experience we know the British nation disposed to dictate what shall be law on the water, and to make that Trade contraband and neutral property liable to seizure and condemnation wch. the Law of nations does not justify\u2014and why, because she has Power, and having Power may enforce obedience and submission to her will. Thus the Strong who are regardless of Law kick and buffet the weak, and if they complain, or speak big or saucily, are kicked and cuffed again, untill they tamely submit to the insolent and overbearing hand of oppression. If I am to be the drudge of another let me have the consolation to know that I have not tamely or voluntarily submitted to that Slavish condition but am reduced to it by force, not consent. The cordial reception of the New Minister from France and the apparent affection manifested for his Nation so contrary to what was exhibited through the course of Genets ministry may be well ascribed to the readiness with which the Convention gratified the desire of the Executive here, and to the different conduct and deportment of Fauchet on his arrival, and presenting his credentials to the Executive\u2014but I hold it next to impossible that he can be duped, possessing the abilities he is said to possess, by the mere ceremony of what they call Court parade. The inveteracy wch. at present exists between France and Britain like oyl and water may for a moment appear to mix but will soon separate. Our Executive indeed seeing how much the people of America in general are attached to the French revolution, and how loudly, on many occasions, they complain of British injury and injustice, may have seriously resolved to pursue a more friendly course to France than it is supposed they have done for some time past, especially as Mr. Pinkneys communications will not authorise a different conduct, or an adherence to British policy. Should Gallatine loose his seat it will I think be a public misfortune, not only as I take him to be a staunch Republican, but a man of respectable Character and abilities. Tell Monroe and his little woman if she is returned I wish them well. Yr. friend & Servt\nJos. Jones", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0173", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 10 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nHond Sir\nYours of Feby. 17. came to hand some days ago. I have applied to Carr, and obtained the inclosed account of his Forte-Piano\u2019s. The grand ones are as large as a Harpsichord & of the same form. The small ones would not occupy more room than a common square dining table with the leaves down. The advantage of the large ones consists in the superior swell of the Notes. But on this point Fanny can get sufficient information from her friends\u2014or from the person you have in view for her Teacher.\nI can offer no advice as to the Mill. You are a m\u27e8uch b\u27e9etter judge in every respect of the subject. It appears in g\u27e8ener\u27e9al that it would be better she should be leased on almost any terms than that you should be troubled with her. You know my thoughts already as to building the new one at home. I have no further acct. of the Threshing Mill.\nI am glad to find that you have procured the apple Trees. My last will have shewn that the additional 20 would have my approbation.\nYou ask the fate of Gen\u00e8t! He is superseded by Mr. Fauch\u00e9t who lately arrived; and his conduct as complained of by the President disavowed. Whether he means to go to France or remain here I know not. By a little publication just made in the Newspapers by Fauch\u00e9t all the commissions issued by Gen\u00e8t for enlisting troops are revoked; and the neutrality of the U. S. recognized.\nThe depredations on our commerce from G. Britain become daily more ruinous to it. A further instruction for seizing our vessels has just appeared, which will be fatal to a great part of our shipping now out. The authenticity of the document is questioned, but the prevailing opinion admits it. The demand however from the French Ships, and for the English in the W. Indies keeps up for the present the price of Wheat & flour. The former has of late been 8 or 9/. & the latter in proportion.\nThe Commercial Resolutions are not yet decided on, except the first one. They stand the order of today. The event of them is more uncertain than ever; some of their friends beginning to think the outrages of G. Britain require something more effacacious & even some of their enemies beginning to hold the same language. There have been meetings on the subject at Boston, N. York & in this City. In Boston the Come. reported instructions to the Representa[t]ives favorable to the Resolutions; but the arts practised to alarm the people obtained a majority for leaving the Matter to Congress. In N. York, the Come. were unanimous for something, but seem to incline towards measures of defence on the idea that war will be unavoidable. In this City a motion in a large meeting on saturday evening to remonstrate agst. the Resolutions was rejected by a large majority. The Bill for six Frigates will have its third reading to day, & will probably pass. The recapture or evacuation of Toulon is confirmed. The British destroyed the 16 sail of the line taken from the French. Many of the Inhabitants in attempting to get to the British Ships were drown\u2019d. Those left in the Town underwent military execution.\nInclosed are the papers containing what was urged by me on the commercial question. If Majr. Hite shd. not [be] in Orange, I wish you to forward them to him. Yr. Affe son\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0174", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Hubbard Taylor, 10 March 1794\nFrom: Taylor, Hubbard\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nClarke County Kentucky 10th. Mar: 1794\nI wrote you in February and inclosed you some publications of the Democratic Society of this State, and hope they got safe to hand. At that time I thought the remonstrance would have met with a great majority of signers, but now think differently. Altho\u2019 there are but few (if any) but most ardently wishes for the grand object the Mississippi yet many think the remonstrance couched in too harsh language.\nThe alarm we have had respecting the probability of a British war, together with Clarkes intended expedition has frustrated the adventurers of produce down the River, some has declined all thoughts of the scheme. This has put a Stop to the purchase of Tobo. Hemp &c. by the Merchants.\nThe Resolutions proposing aditional duties on importations in certain cases was pu[b]lished in our last papers they are generally applauded by all I have heard speak of them, and I hope they will succeed.\nYou no doubt will have heard that the Indians faild to come in at the time appointed to deliver up the prisoners\u2014their conduct has not disappointed many who are acquainted with their politicks in these matters. Wayne is still in close Winter quarters notwithstanding his many boasting threats to drink of the Lake waters in three weaks. The Cavalry after going out to Headquarters and reducing the horses much is sent back to this State to recruit there them again.\nI am in great hopes you have got a good and sufficient proportion of Republicans in Congress this session the peace and happiness of the Union I suppose depends on it, but more particularly this State.\nThe furnace for making Iron that has so long been on hand in this Country has at length begun to produce good Castings\u2014but no forge is yet erected; it has lessened the price of Castings at least \u2153 and are in hopes we shall soon get Iron in the same proportion.\nThe Small pox that made its appearance in this State this Winter has been very fatal both in the Natural way and by inoculation. Forty or upwards died in Lexington, the proportion has not been so great in the country tho but few families inoculated except near Lexington. It is thought the sickly fall Occationed its being so fatal.\nNone of our papers are worth inclosing or would send some forward to you. I wish you an agreable session And, I am with great regard and esteem Dr Sir yr affe. Hble. sert:\nH. Taylor", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0175", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 12 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nThe Merchants, particularly of N. England have had a terrible slam in the W. Indies. About a hundred vessels have been seized by the British for condemnation, on the pretext of enforcing the laws of the Monarchy with regard to the Colony trade. The partizans of England, considering a war as now probable are endeavoring to take the lead in defensive preparations, and to acquire merit with the people by anticipating their wishes. This new symtom of insolence & enmity in Britain, shews rather that she meditates a formal war as soon as she shall have crippled our marine resources, or that she calculates on the pusilanimity of this country & the influence of her party, in a degree that will lead her into aggressions which our love of peace can no longer bear. The commercial propositions are in this State of things, not the precise remedy to be pressed as first in order; but they are in every view & in any event proper to make part of our standing laws till the principle of reciprocity be established by mutual arrangements. Adieu\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0176", "content": "Title: To James Madison from the Republican Society of South Carolina, 12 March 1794\nFrom: Republican Society of South Carolina\nTo: Madison, James\nTo Citizen James Madison, Representative from the Commonwealth of Virginia, in Congress.\nCitizen Representative,\nCharleston 12th March 1794.\nThe patriotic principles which have distinguished your conduct in the House of Representatives of the United States in the present Session, have attracted the particular attention of your fellow Citizens: and while they with indignation reprobate the contrary conduct of some other characters, who have imposed on their Constituents by holding forth doctrines as contrary to the interest of America, as they are disgraceful; they with pleasure behold in you, Citizen, the firm Patriot & true Republican.\nThe Republican Society established in this City, who have for their basis, a pure love of their Country and a just respect for its Laws and Constitution, cannot withold giving a testimony of their approbation of the part you have acted in support of the Dignity of America by preserving her faith to her Allies and resenting the injuries she has received from an ungenerous and implacable Enemy. They therefore unanimously Resolved that, you should be addressed by letter conveying to you this their opinion of your Conduct; and it is with the highest pleasure and satisfaction, I do now in their name and in compliance with their Resolve, give you, Worthy Citizen, their plaudit: receive then this mark of their esteem, and continue to preserve that general approbation, by exerting your talents to save your Country from dishonour and ignominy which may be brought on her, either by the weakness or by the baseness of others. In the name of the Republican Society established in Charleston\u2014\nS. Drayton Citizen President", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0177", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joshua Barney and Others, 13 March 1794\nFrom: Barney, Joshua\nTo: Madison, James\nSir,\nKingston, Jamaica March 13th. 1794\nThe American Masters of vessels now Forcibly detained here being occasionally Assembled for the purpose of mutual communications and comparison of Sentiments on their present Distressed situation. A Gazette from the United States was Introduced which contained the Resolutions by you proposed to the house of Representatives Jany 3d last, which were read with universal applause, and as the least token of their gratitude it was proposed that an address should be drawn up expressive of their sense of the propriety and expedience of the Resolutions, and particularly of their most sincere thanks to you who had proposed public redress that imediately affected and in fact alleviated their Grievances, this was unanimously agreed to, and the address which we now have the honor to inclose herewith prepared and signed, and we the undersigned were appointed to transmit the same to you. We with pleasure reflect that while we discharge the duty required by our confreres we have an opportunity to assure you of our Zeal and attachment to the Interests of our Country, and with how much satisfaction we would embrace any occasion to convince you of our readiness to render you any Services And are with Sentiments of the Most profound respect & Veneration Sir Your Most Obt. & Very Hble Servts.\nJoshua Barney\nFred Folger\nWm. McIntire\n[Enclosure]\nSir,\nKingston Jamaica 9th. March 1794\nSeperated from our Country by the Illegal intervention of Force, detained in an unwholesome climate, by a designed procrastination of Justice, it has been through the medium of the public prints from America that we have been favored with your patriotick speech, and wise resolutions, proposed to the House of Representitives of the United States, the third of January last, when the pleasing, gratefull Accents resounded through our unfortunate little Circle, each congenial heart seemed to bound with Joy, and universal cheerfullness overspread each mind, for a moment our sufferings were forgotten, Native and Artless professions of Attachment to our Country fell from every tongue, Expressions of the most lively gratitude, and thankfulness succeeded, for the man, who was so sensible of the Dignity and Independance of his Country, and who could trace out the only true road to preserve it.\nSentiments of Honour, Justice, and public spirit so Manifestly displayed, exact our warmest thanks and merit our eternal gratitude.\nIt is not expected that persons of our profession should be acquainted with Affairs of State, or the policy of Nations but at the same time we trust we possess sufficient decernment to know where we are well treated and where not, and our various converse with the different Nations of the World afford us peculiar advantages to learn their Temper.\nThe Wisdom and Seasonable propriety of the resolutions were obvious to every thinking man, and it was the opinion that sound policy and the true interest of the United States dictates the measures therein contemplated.\nPermit us Sir, to think with you, that by a course of self denial, to which every good Citizen would cheerfully Submit, we could make our enemies feel the effects of our power, and to that portion of annoyance and distress we could produce by a complete interdiction on our exports, added to what we can do by the spirit and activity of our citizens, we are fully perswaded we possess the means to exact respect from any Nation.\nWe want words to express our unfeigned thanks for the manly, Just, and dignified manner in which you vindicate our individual rights, when invaded from any quarter, and recommending public repariation when protection could not be extended.\nTo some it might be cause of discouragement, to be a Member of any Government that cannot afford complete protection to every Citizen, but we shall bear our wrongs with patience and becoming fortitude, no trials, no sufferings we can experience shall ever waver our Indivisable attachment to our Country, and we hold our lives ready to sacrafice when her cause requires it, we are perswaded of her good will to protect us, but at the same time we know her incompetancy at the present moment, and we sincerely lament the cause.\nIn conclusion we beg leave to add our most sincere wishes that you may enjoy health and serenity of mind, & that you experience that portion of happiness to which your Virtue and Patriotism so Justly entitles you.\nWith a Just sense of the exalted station which you so honourably fill, with the greatest reverence for your superior abilities, and sincere veneration for your uniform attachment to the welfare of your Country, and a gratefull remembrance of your labours in public Life, we most fervently pray for your preservation, with these sentiments we subscribe ourselves, Your most Obedient Humble Servants.\nJoshua Barney\n[and twenty-one others]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0178", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Horatio Gates, 13 March 1794\nFrom: Gates, Horatio\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nRose Hill, 13th: March, 1794:\nI have read with attention your Reply to Messieurs Smith, Ames, & Dexter; I am certain there is not a Sound Whigg from the River St: Croix, to the River St: Marys, that does not Honour, and applaud, the Speaker; Go on my Friend, persevere in the Glorious Cause you have uniformly supported, and there will not be a true Republican in The US. that will not with Heart, and Voice, be ready to Support, and Exalt You; I confess the Conduct of the Eastern Men astonishes me, but I know, & have long known, the Character of the Sordid Individuals that inhabit their Trading Towns; Gain is their God, and present Gain is their Polar Starr, to which they forever Steer; The Body of the people, the Agricultural and the Men that will Defend the Country, are more Public Spirited, and will when it comes to the Push, make the others Succumb. In the Circumstances of England, I trust a War will be unnecessary; there is but one reason to apprehend so serious a Calamity; & that is; The Cround Despots may conceive, If France is not Subdued, Our Domination is at an End; and therefore Resolve, with all their Might, to try another Campaign; but it will be in Vain\u2014And may Finally produce a Republic in England; & that, an Alliance Offensive, & Defensive, between the three great Republicks of the World, France, England, & America; This if not really the Thing Itself, will be the next thing, to the promised Milenium: In regard to The Algerines, I approve your plan, preferable to that of raising a Naval Armament; If there was no other Objection, & there are Several; The increase of patronage, should be cautiously avoided; or we shall too soon sink into the Corruptions of the Mother Country! Besides the Officering, The Jobbs, that Building, Equiping, Victualling, &c, of a Squadron of Ships of War must be taken into the Account of good things to dispose of\u2014a word to the Wise.\nI know your time is too precious to intrude upon unnecessaryly, therefore write only when you are quite at Leizure, please to Direct, and Frank the inclosed, to that Great, and Good Man Mr: Jefferson; After the Congress Rises your presence will be most Wellcome to My Mary, and me, at Rose Hill, seek no other Lodging. The latter end of June, or the very begining of July, a Number of us propose first a short Vissit to the Manor of Livingston, & then to go to Balls Town Springs, near Saratoga. This Bethsida, they say, cures all diseases, makes the Old Young, and the Ugly Handsome! There are good Accomodations, & excellent Living, two things, Joind to the Two others, with a good Society, & fine Girls! might Tempt even Plato, when as Young as You. That you may Enjoy the best things this Land can Bestow, is the sincere wish, of my dear Sir Your Affectionate, & Obedt: Servt:\nHoratio Gates.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0179", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 14 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. March 14. 1794.\nThe paper of yesterday inclosed, will give you a clue to the designs of the faction which has used Sedgwick for its organ. His immediate prompter will be seen both in his speech and in his propositions. Whether more be seriously aimed at than to embarrass the others which have been long depending, is by some doubted. Perhaps this may be one of the objects; but you understand the game behind the Curtain too well not to perceive the old trick of turning every contingency into a resource for accumulating force in the Government. It would seem however that less subtlety has prevailed in this than in some other instances. The ostensible reason for the provisional army is not only absurd; but remote from the present sensations of the public; and at the same time disarms the projectors of the cavil & calumny used with most success against the commercial propositions, towit, that they tended to provoke war by an unnecessary alarm & irritation to G. Britain. The commercial propositions were the subject of yesterday & will probably be resumed today. We admit that the change of appearances may require something further, but we contend that they ought to make part of our code, until the end be obtained; and that they will be proper whether we are to be at peace or war. In the former case they will have their intended operation: In the latter they will put our Extive. on the right ground for negocia\u27e8tion.\u27e9", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0180", "content": "Title: Closed Sessions of the House, [14 March] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n   During debate on JM\u2019s resolutions on commercial discrimination in Committee of the Whole, Parker asserted \u201cthat probably without France [i.e., French aid during the American Revolution] the legislature would not be deliberating within these walls.\u201d When \u201ctwo or three persons in the gallery, upon this made a faint attempt to clap,\u201d Tracy moved that the committee rise for the purpose of clearing the galleries (General Advertiser, 17 Mar. 1794).\nMr. Madison believed the business was placed on its true footing. It is no doubt a hardship that the misbehaviour of one or two individuals should banish an otherwise orderly gallery, but as a line could not be drawn, clearing the galleries was the only remedy. Especially on important questions, the request of any member, who might conceive similar conduct as an attack on the independence of deliberation, would command his voice for clearing the galleries.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0181", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Madison, Sr., [ca. 15 March] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James, Sr.\nTo: Madison, James\nTimothy looks well; but the last sowed is much turn\u2019d out of the Ground: the new Seed will be sowed as soon as the ground is dry enough\nWheat looks very well except the last 8 Bushels sowed\nL. C has got stuff enough for 8 Waggons except the Naves & some stuff for Bar Share brakes\u2014& is getting Shingles for a Grainary: How large will you have it\nApple Trees are all planted at Sawney\u2019s\u2014Money is come to hand but loss in the Coin\nThe Dams at the Ditches are all broke: they must be done with Stone; when convenient", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0183", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Henry Brockholst Livingston, 20 March 1794\nFrom: Livingston, Henry Brockholst\nTo: Madison, James\nSir,\nRhinebeck 20th. March 1794.\nSome time since I enclosed in a Letter to Mr. Bailey a Member from this State a Memorial Addressed to Congress, not yet haveing heard that he has presented the Same, I have by this Conveyance written to him requesting if he has any Objections to its Appearance, that he will deliver it to you: Being persu[a]ded you will not only Introduce it for me, but also Advocate the Cause of the Agreived Soldier: In this Sir I do not so much presume upon my Acquaintance with you, as I \u27e8re\u27e9ly upon your known Attatchment to justice and the Able support you gave the Claims of the late Army, who, will I am convinced ever retain a proper Sence of your Endeavours to Obtain redress for them, tho unattended with the desired Success. I have the Honor to be Sir, Most respectfully Yours.\nHenry B: Livingston", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0184", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Arthur Breese, 22 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Breese, Arthur\nLetter not found. 22 March 1794. Acknowledged in Breese to JM, 11 and 16 Apr. 1794. Inquires about value and prospects for sale of JM\u2019s Mohawk Valley land.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0185", "content": "Title: From James Madison to William Walton Morris, ca. 22 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Morris, William Walton\nLetter not found. Ca. 22 March 1794. Mentioned and enclosed in JM to Horatio Gates, 24 Mar. 1794. Also mentioned in Gates to JM, 27 Dec. 1794. Probably concerns JM\u2019s Mohawk Valley land and encloses a letter from JM to Arthur Breese (see Breese to JM, 16 Apr. 1794).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0186", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Horatio Gates, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Gates, Horatio\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Mar: 24. 1794\nYour favor of the 13th. has lain by me unanswered till I could give you the result of a proposition for an Embargo discussed for several days with shut doors. The decision did not take place till friday afternoon. The measure was then negatived by 48 agst. 46 votes. Those who took the lead in opposing it are now for transferring the power to the Executive even during the Session of Congress.\nYou will find in the newspapers the havoc made on our trade in the W. Indies. Every day adds new proofs of the ill will and contempt of G. B. towards us. Still I do not concur with those who see in these proceedings a design to make war in form. If she can destroy the branches of our commerce which are beneficial to her enemies, and continue to enjoy those which are beneficial to herself, things are in the best possible arrangement for her. War would turn the arrangement agst. her by breaking up the trade with her, and forcing that with her enemies. I conclude therefore that she will push her aggressions just so far and no farther, than she imagines we will tolerate. I conclude also that the readiest expedient for stopping her career of depredation on those parts of our trade which thwart her plans, will be to make her feel for those which she cannot do without.\nI have nothing to add to the Newspaper details with respect to events in Europe. The campaign seems to have closed as triumphantly for the French Republic as the fears of its enemies could have foreboded. If that in the W. Indies should not exhibit a reverse of fortune, the public attention may possibly be called off from the French\u2014to \u201cthe British Revolution.\u201d You may then renew your prophetic wishes, which have created a Millenium under the auspices of the three great Republics.\nI have forwarded your letter to Mr. Jefferson. Present my best respects to your very amiable lady, and accept the affectionate esteem with which I remain Dr. Sir Yr. Obedt. friend & servt.\nJs. Madison Jr\nP. S. The inclosed letter to Mr. William Morris son of the General is on business somewhat interesting to me. It was to have been hand[ed] to him yesterday, but he set out for N. York sooner than was expected. Will you oblige me so far as to have him enquired for, & the letter delivered to him?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0187", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir,\nMarch 24th, 1794.\nThe past week has been spent chiefly on the question of an Embargo. It was negatived on Friday by 48 against 46, the former composed chiefly of Eastern, the latter of Southern members. The former are now for giving the power to the Executive, even during the session of Congress. In France, everything is in a state of vigor beyond what has been seen there. Fauch\u00e8t proceeds with great circumspection and prudence here.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0189", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 24 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nLetter not found. 24 March 1794, Philadelphia. Mentioned in James Madison, Sr., to John Lee, 5 Apr. 1794 (NcD): \u201che says by the Accts. from France, her affairs were never in so vigorous a situation.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0191", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Walter Jones, 25 March 1794\nFrom: Jones, Walter\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir.\nMarch 25th. 1794.\nI am obliged by the Receipt of your favours of feby. 28 & march the 9th. I have waited some time for a little Leisure to persue my observations on a certain Subject; but the continued & unusual Interruption of various avocations for Some weeks past, promise such delay to the accomplishment of that purpose, that I think it improper to postpone any longer the acknowledgements justly due to your Attentions. The Printer by omissions & mistakes has made such work of the paper\u2014several Sentences are made non-sense, which I have the Comfort to think existed not in the manuscript\u2014I clearly foresaw the delicacy of your present Situation as it respected any concern with the press, on Subjects similar to that Offered to your Consideration; I wished to have the paper reviewed by a person in whose Candour & Judgment I could Confide; and I can with truth assure you, that I know not where to make a preferable Choice. The Subject is certainly a very important one, & from the Acrimony or Servility that too generally characterises our news-paper Essayists, I think not likely to be treated with a due degree of system, temper & freedom; I therefore think, at all Events, of having a few papers prepared, against the meeting of our Assembly, & having them published in immediate succession, in one of the most popular papers at Richmond. If in the Leisure of your summer Retirement you can furnish me with any hints or observations, respecting the nature & symptoms of our actually existing Factions, they would be great aids to one so withdrawn from the principal Scene of observation as myself. Your Correspondence at all times on any subject would be very grateful to me; but at present, my dear sir, I think all the friends of the true revolutionary principles of American Independance, Should act as much as possible in Concert. The defection from them of many in this & other parts of the Country, in respect both to numbers & Character is very distressing & not a little alarming. In this part I have scarcely a whig friend of any note. Some of the ci-devants, whose Zeal flamed to an absurd Excess formerly in degrading the British Nation, are now as intemperate in extolling their power, their prosperity, their Virtues and their Government. They can be as merry & witty on the Sans-Culottes & Carmagnioles, from the fund of London paragraphs, as the Expectants & placemen of G. Britain, whether they Consist of Lords, Sir Thomas\u2019s, Cast Servants, low favourites, or the Fathers, Brothers Cousins or Sons of whores, who indubitably Compose a great proportion of that honourable Body. They forget that a few years ago they too had their opprobrious apellations of Jonathans, Yankees &C. from their present friends. Such men give great Shelter & Effect to the agency of the low british Inhabitants, whose exertions on the people are incessant; and the mass of the people are so unreflecting & torpid, that they are well fitted to yield to old Habits and opinions, however inconsistent with the dignity & Interest of the character they have derived from Independance on G. B. Southward of Rappahanock & upward in the State, I am told, things have a better Complexion, but I assure you, in the district of country where I live, the aspect of political Character is very disgusting to a whig of 1776.\nI am the more impatient to hear the final Issue in the Congress of the Resolutions you brought in, as in your last you say their Success has become more dubious. Independent of their propriety in a Strictly Commercial point of view, in which I think they have the advantage of argument, their wholesome operation in other respects of more importance, Seems to be beyond the reach of rational Controversy, unless we make The Ledger, the Palate & the apparel of our people the only Criteria of national dignity & prosperity. No nation is really an independant one, unless their country their Laws, Government, & manners, are, taken collectively, far preferable in the View of the people to those of any other nation whatsoever. As well might we expect concord & prosperity in the married State, where either of the parties had transferred its affections to a third person. We have never posessed this necessary prejudice of an exclusive attachment to & pride in our own Country, the momen\u27e8t\u27e9 Hostilities ceased, we relapsed into our old opinions & Habits concerning Britain & her productions. It is this charm of inveterate Habits founded in former Subjection & political Nothingness, that every real american would wish to break & dissipate. The tendency of the Resolutions is evidently, pro-tanto, to break this charm; and their adoption therefore will be the wish of the real Citizens of america. It is not in the Constitution of human affairs to Command at once all the advantages that belong to any Situation. We are generally reduced to the choice of the least among Evils, and of the best among Blessings\u2014or by a Comparison of the two avoid or persue the preponderating Side. These three Cases seem to comprehend every possible Situation of mankind; and on these Grounds the resolutions, when tried, will be impregnable. The principal Evils Seem to be, a temporary & partial Inconvenience from the Interruption in a partial degree of our Customary Channels of Supply of English Goods, with some diminution of Quantity & perhaps increase of Price: but our Inclination as well as Means will be promoted of obtaining on the best & most Direct Terms, the products of the whole world, without the prejudices of old Habits. Public Credit, May receive some Momentary Shock: but to me this is no objection, who ardently wish we had never heard of public Credit & the funding System; who had rather face the hazard & pretended Infamy of national Bankruptcy, than See realized the Consequences which that vile System presents in Fact or in prospect. The Diminution of Trade by the diminution of excessive Credit\u2014may be other wise expressed\u2014there will be fewer Stores Shops & firms, as they call them, but there will also [be] fewer idle fine Gentlemen at the head of them; & less fraud, dissipation of manners, & Bankruptcies. Above all we Shall begin the progress of a fixt national Character, and not remain independent de jure, & Colonists de facto. Adieu Dear Sir & beli[e]ve me with every Sentiment of affectte. regard Yours\nW. Jones", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0192", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 26 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nMy last informed you that an embargo had been proposed & negatived. You will see by the inclosed that on a renewal of the proposition yesterday it went thro\u2019 the H. of Reps. by a very large majority. The change took place among the Eastern members whose constituents were growing so clamorous under their losses in the W. Indies, as to alarm their representatives. The Senate will have the subject before them today, and will probably concur. It is said that some further measures are to be discussed in that House. The commercial propositions have not yet recd. a vote. The progress of the evils which they were to remedy, having called for more active medicine, it has not been deemed prudent to force them on the attention of the House during more critical discussions. They will however notwithstanding a change of circumstances, cooperate with other measures as an alter[n]ative System and will be pressed to a vote at the first favorable moment. Whether they can be carried into a law at the present Session is doubtful, on acct. of the lateness of the day, and the superior urgency of other questions. The point immediately depending is the discrimination between G. B and other nations as to the proposed duties on manufactures. If this should succeed, the future parts will I think meet with little difficulty. The Enquiry into the Treasury is going on, tho\u2019 not very rapidly. I understand that it begins to pinch where we most expected\u2014the authority for drawing the money from Europe into the Bank. H. endeavored to parry the difficulty by contesting the right of the Committee to call for the authority. This failing he talks of constructive written authority from the P. but relies on parol authority, which I think it impossible the P. can support him in. The old question of referring the origination of Taxes comes on today; and will in some degree test the present character of the House: I have written abundance of letters of late but fear they are stopped by the small pox at Richmond.\nThe people of Charlestown are taking a high tone. Their memorial, which is signed by Ramsay\u2014the Gadzdens Young Rutlege & a very great no. of respectable citizens marks the deliberate sense of the people. The more violent has been ex\u27e8pres\u27e9sed by hanging & burning the effigies of Smith, Ames[,] Arnold, Dumourier & the Devil en groupe.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0195", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 31 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Mar. 31. 1794.\nI have written of late by almost every mail, that is, three times a week. From your letter to Monroe I fear the small pox has stopped them at Richmond. I shall continue however to inclose you the newspapers as often as they are worth it. It is impossible to say what will be the issue of the proposition discussed in those of today. I forgot to mention in my last that the question whether the ways & means should be referred to the Secy. of T. as heretofore, or to a Come. lately came on & decided the sense of the House to be degenerated on that point. The fiscal party, perceiving their danger, offered a sort of compromise which took in Mercer & with him sundry others in principle agst. them. Notwithstanding the success of the strategem, the point was carried by 49 agst. 46. If the question had divided the House fairly there would have been a majority of ten or a dozen at least.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0196", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Robert R. Livingston, 3 April 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Livingston, Robert R.\nDear Sir\nPhilada. April 3d. 1794\nThis will be handed you by the Revd. Mr. Toulmin of the Unitarian Sect from England, whose attachment to liberty has led him to this land of it. You will find him intelligent, and modest, and in every respect deserving the attention I solicit for him.\nI was lately called on by a French gentleman who said he was your neighbour, and afforded me an opportunity of dropping you a few lines which I meant to have availed myself of, but was disappointed. I should however only have told you what you quickly see in all the newspapers. The embargo would have been the principal article of information. That measure was embraced with considerable unanimity, after much hesitation & some opposition from the Eastern quarter. A sequestration of British debts has since been proposed, and yesterday another mode of warring on the unfriendly system of G. B. was proposed by Mr. Clarke. You will find it in the paper of this evening which I inclose. Measures of this cast are a little checked by the revocation of the Edict of Novr. 6. which is urged here as more conciliatory than it deserves.\nThe Executive have recd. letters today from Mr. Pinkny of the 9th. & Mr. Short of the 19th. of Jany. The former contain little more I understand than an account of the new instruction of Jany. 8th. The latter are written from Madrid and suggest that Spain is by no means in good humour with G. B. and is retained in the connection with her more by a fear of France than any other cause. Mr. S. speaks of the Affairs of France as in a state of the most compleat triumph. With the greatest esteem I am Dear Sir Yr. Most Obed. servt.\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0197", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 3 April 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello Apr. 3. 1794.\nOur post having ceased to ride ever since the inoculation began in Richmond till now, I received three days ago, & all together your friendly favors of Mar. 2. 9. 12. 14. and Colo. Monroe\u2019s of Mar. 3. & 16. I have been particularly gratified by the receipt of the papers containing your\u2019s & Smith\u2019s discussion of your regulating propositions. These debates had not been seen here but in a very short & mutilated form. I am at no loss to ascribe Smith\u2019s speech to it\u2019s true father. Every tittle of it is Hamilton\u2019s except the introduction. There is scarcely any thing there which I have not heard from him in our various private tho\u2019 official discussions. The very turn of the arguments is the same, and others will see as well as myself that the style is Hamilton\u2019s. The sophistry is too fine, too ingenious even to have been comprehended by Smith, much less devised by him. His reply shews he did not understand his first speech: as it\u2019s general inferiority proves it\u2019s legitimacy as evidently as it does the bastardy of the original. You know we had understood that Hamilton had prepared a Counter-report, & that some of his humble servants in the Senate were to move a reference to him in order to produce it. But I suppose they thought it would have a better effect if fired off in the H. of Representatives. I find the Report however so fully justified that the anxieties with which I left it are perfectly quieted. In this quarter all espouse your propositions with ardour, & without a dissenting voice. The rumor of a declaration of war has given an opportunity of seeing that the people here, tho\u2019 attentive to the loss of value of their produce, in such an event, yet find in it a gratification of some other passions, & particularly of their antient hatred to Gr. Britain. Still I hope it will not come to that: but that the propositions will be carried, and justice be done ourselves in a peaceable way. As to the guarantee of the French islands, whatever doubts may be entertained of the moment at which we ought to interpose yet I have no doubt but that we ought to interpose at a proper time and declare both to England & France that these islands are to rest with France, and that we will make common cause with the latter for that object. As to the naval armament, the land armament, & the Marine fortifications which are in question with you, I have no doubt they will all be carried. Not that the Monocrats & Papermen in Congress want war; but they want armies & debts: and tho\u2019 we may hope that the sound part of Congress is now so augmented as to ensure a majority in cases of general interest merely, yet I have always observed that in questions of expence, where members may hope either for offices or jobs for themselves or their friends, some few will be debauched, & that is sufficient to turn the decision where a majority is at most but small. I have never seen a Philadelphia paper since I left it, till those you inclosed me; and I feel myself so thoroughly weened from the interest I took in the proceedings there, while there, that I have never had a wish to see one, and believe that I never shall take another newspaper of any sort. I find my mind totally absorbed in my rural occupations. We are suffering much for want of rain. Tho\u2019 now at the 3d. of April, you cannot distinguish the wheat feilds of the neighborhood yet from hence. Fruit is hitherto safe. We have at this time some prospect of rain. Asparagus is just come to table. The Lilac in blossom, & the first Whip-poor-will heard last night. No Martin\u2019s yet. I have some hopes Short has sent Cortez\u2019s letters for me by Blake. Pray ask E. R. if he has. My best affections to Colo. & mrs. Monroe. The correspondence with Hammond has never yet come into this quarter. Accept sincere assurances of affection.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0198", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 7 April 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nHond Sir\nPhila. April 7. 1794.\nBeing reminded by your late letters of your certificates and the power of attorney to draw the interest, I have searched thro\u2019 all my papers without being able to find either of them. I shall make another search, but it occurs to me that I may have carried these papers to Virga. & omitted to bring them back, and I have a faint impression of this sort on my memory. Be so good as to look among your papers, where they will be found if the impression be right; and to write without delay on the subject. It will be proper to inclose the papers to me if you meet with them.\nNo question has yet been taken on the sequestration of British debts. This motion was made by a member from N. Jersey. Another member from that State has moved that all trade with G. B. be stopped till the Treaty be executed, and the late depredations paid for. On this there has been neither question, nor debate. You will find in the inclosed paper the letter just recd. from Mr. Pinkney, the American Minister at London. My affecte. regards to my mother.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0199", "content": "Title: To James Madison from John Dawson, 7 April 1794\nFrom: Dawson, John\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir!\nRichmond April 7. 94.\nThe last mail brought us no letters from Philadelphia, which is matter of much surprise as the news-papers came, & of much regret as most people are exceedingly anxious to know the determination of congress on the several very important subjects now before them.\nThe January packet which I find has arriv\u2019d, brings the instructions of the B. King to the commanders of armd vessels of the 8th. These in the opinion of many are materially different from those given on the 6th. of november. In my judgment the difference is immeterial. For altho they may in some instances bear less hard on individuals, still they go to a violation of our rights as a neutral nation, & therefore ought not to be acquiescd in. Whatever steps it may be necessary to take on the spur of the occasion, I am fully convincd that the resolutions offerd sometime since by you, are the only things which can give us permanent security, & prevent that influence which the nation possessing our commerce must ever have on our public councils.\nWe have for some time had much talk of war. Whether we shall have it or not depends I think on the complexion of the proceedings of the B. Part. which I believe met on the 4 Jany. That the ministry of that country may wish for a war with this, is not improbable\u2014but that the people shoud appears highly so, as their interests are immediately & materially effected by it.\nBefore this I presume the sequestration bill has pass\u2019d. Several of the most open, & violent B. subjects in this place have in the course of the last week taken the oaths of fidelity to the state. This is clearly done to shelter their property, & doubt not but the same has happend in other places.\nThe elections of members to the general assembly have just commencd. From the temper of the public mind I have reason to think they will in general be republican\u2014all of which I have yet heard, are so.\nThe French fleet I learn was to have saild from Hampton road on yesterday. They had cleard out, & passd the line of entry, & clearance, before the account of the embargo arrivd.\nThe military plan, as at first proposd has I find been lost, at which I rejoice. It may be, that something in that line may offer, & I cannot help again mentioning to you Quarrier, whom I before took the liberty of recommen[d]ing, as a person who I am persuaded woud make a most valuable officer, Especially in the artillery. With real Esteem Your friend & Sert.\nJ Dawson.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0200", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Alexander White, 7 April 1794\nFrom: White, Alexander\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nWoodville 7th April 1794\nWhen I consider the momentous struggle in which you are acting\u2014I feel a reluctance to intrude, and yet cannot avoid expressing my regret that I had no intelligence from you by last Post. Public Prints however informed me of two important facts which had not before been fully authenticated the resolution of Congress for laying an Embargo, and the British Kings instructions rescinding those of 6h. Novr. 1793. What effect will the latter have on the minds and measures of Congress\u2014they bear the appearance of relaxation, but if all the French West India Ports should be declared blockaded (and I think this not improbable) what real advantage will accrue to America from the change of System?\nYou will have the pleasure of hearing from General Scott that the Gen\u00eatites of Kentucky have not been able to raise a man Officers excepted; if we can escape a European War, we shall yet go on well. Is the piece published as Lord Dorchesters Speech to the Indians believed to be genuine? The last few weeks have been generally dry. For some days past it has been cold with frost, but the fruit has yet escaped. Grain in strong fresh ground looks well, but that in old or thin land is much injured by the winter. Our election took place on Tuesday. The Poll stood for Mat: Page 384. Archd Magill 285 Jas. Singleton 211\u2014Wm. McGuire 164\u2014Robt Page 162\u2014Thomas Bush 153\u2014Number of Voters 679. Our Post now goes weekly, I am Sir Yours sincerely\nAlexr White", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0202", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Arthur Breese, 11 April 1794\nFrom: Breese, Arthur\nTo: Madison, James\nSir.\nWhitestown Ap. 11th. 94.\nYour letter of the 22d. Ultimo. I Recd. a few days since. I live on the Sadaqueda Patent, three Miles from Lot No. 2. and am perfectly well acquainted with its general, situation, quality &ca. It is situated on the Mohawk river, near the confluence of two large Creeks, The Oriskany, & The Nine Mile Creeks\u2014at the Distance of Nine Miles from Fort Stanwix, at which place a Canal, will be cut, so that the waters of Wood Creek, & the Mohawk, can communicate. There will then be an uninterupted Navigation for small Boats, to the Lake Ontario, excepting a trifling obstruction at the Falls of Oswego. The Country in every direction from the Lot is rapidly settling\u2014the quality of the soil is unexceptionable. The rear as good as the Front. Prices of Land in its Neighborhood, in an unimproved State, is four Dollars Per acre\u2014and the average worth of your Lot, is at least, that. Since I have been here, land has rose, Fifty Per Cent. which is nearly two years. And you may reasonably calculate a proportionable rise, for several years to come, Provided we are not engaged in a war, with some of the Belligerent Powers; such an event would check the settlement of this Country, and of course the price of Land must fall. People in this Place are generally Poor, few that would be able to advance you the Money, for the whole of the Lot, \u2019tho they might for part. So that you must calculate upon selling on a short credit. Town Lots in this Village are selling for \u00a350. the acre, few can be obtained for that.\nYour Lot being principally feasible Land, I suggest the Propriety of laying it out in 100. acre Lots, & selling it to Settlers at five Dollars an acre, upon a short credit, with Interest.\nIf I can contribute to\u2019ads the consummation of your wishes\u2014it shall be with Much Chearfulness. I have the Honor to be Sir, with Much Respect Yr. Most Obet. Humbe. Servt.\nArthur Breese", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0203", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 14 April 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Apl. 14. 1794.\nHaving recd. one letter only from you, and that of very old date, I conclude that mine which have been numerous do not pass thro\u2019 the obstructions thrown in the way of the Mail by the small pox. I continue however to write, hoping that the channel will have been reopened by the time each letter may get to Richmond. I have also written a request to Mr. Dawson to have my letters to you taken out of the post office and forwarded from Richmond by private hands if necessary.\nThree propositions levelled at G. B. have latterly occupied the H. of Reps. 1. to sequester British debts. 2. to establish a lien on British merchandize or the value of it, as it arrives. 3. to suspend imports from G. B. & Ireland till the spoliations be redressed & the Treaty of peace be executed. The last has taken the pas in discussion. A majority are apparently in favor. Delay is consequently one of the arts of opposition. It is uncertain therefore when a vote will be obtained. It is probable also that much will depend on the state of foreign intelligence which is hourly changing in some of its circumstances. The Executive is said to meditate an envoy Extraordy. to G. B. as preferring further negociation to any legislative operation of a coercive nature. Hamilton is talked of, is much pressed by those attached to his politics, and will probably be appointed unless overruled by an apprehension from the disgust to Republicanism and to France. His trial is not yet concluded. You will see the issue it will have in the inclosed papers. The letter from the P. is inexpressibly mortifying to his friends, and marks his situation to be precisely what you always described it to be. The committee on ways & means was unfortunately composed of a majority infected by the fiscal errors which threaten so ignominious and vexatious a system to our country. A land tax will be reported, but along with it excises on articles imported, and manufactured at home, a stamp tax pervading almost all the transactions of life, and a tax on carriages as an indirect tax. The embargo will soon be a subject of deliberation again, as its continuance if proper ought to be decided some time before its expiration. Whether this will be the case cannot now he foretold. The French continue to triumph over their Enemies on the Rhine. We learn nothing from the W. Inds. except that Martinique had not surrendered on the 25th. Ult.\nI put into the hands of your Cabinet workman here the Editn: of Milton sent you from France. He was packing up things for you which afforded a commodious berth for it. Yrs. always & Affy\nJs. Madison Jr.\nFauchet has informally intimated the distaste to Gour. M. whose recall will follow of course.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0205", "content": "Title: To James Madison from John Dawson, 14 April 1794\nFrom: Dawson, John\nTo: Madison, James\nRichmond April 14. 94\nI thank you, my dear Sir, for your favour of the 7th & the papers enclosd.\nOn searching into the post office I found that there were a number of letters from you as well as Colo Monroe, for Mr. Jefferson. They have stopt here for some time owing to the communication being cut off. The post however set out yesterday morning for Charlottesville with them, & I believe there will be no farther interruption.\nThe language of Lord Greenville does not appear to me to be markd with the openness and candour of friendship. Disappointed in their expectation of success against the French the B. Court will probably pursue a different line of conduct towards this country that [sic] they woud have done, had the events in Europe favourd their wishes.\nI thank you for your attention to Quarriers wishes, & am fully persuaded that he merits confidence.\nWe have receivd very few returns of the Elections. A very close one is expected here this day, of the result of which I will inform you in the Evening. With real esteem Yr friend & Sert\nJ Dawson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0206", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Madison, 14 April 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Uncle.\nFalmo// 14th April 1794\nI have had it in contemplation to write You, some time past, but thought it most prudent to defer it as long as possible, knowing that yr attention was taken up wth business of much more importance, than answering my letters. I am now advancd in years, and think I am nearly master of the business now pursueing, think it needless to continue longer with Mr Dunbar.\nI have a desire to commence business on my own acct. and in doing which, am under the disagreeable necessity, of beging yr assistance, this request is I know a very ungreatfull one, and I assure you Uncle it hurts my feelings much, when I make it, but what can I do. Tho it gives me some satisfaction to think I may at a future period have it in my power, to make full compensation, both to you and others. Am anxious to hear from you. From Yr much dependant Nephew\nJas Madison\nI write this in great haste.\nCurrt. Prices of produce.\nWheat\nbest prices\nCorn\nRye\nTobacco\nFlour", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0208", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Madison, Sr., 15 April 1794\nFrom: Madison, James, Sr.\nTo: Madison, James\nLetter not found. 15 April 1794. Acknowledged in JM\u2019s letter to his father of 25 Apr. 1794. Informs JM that his corn crop is deficient. Inquires about breeding two of JM\u2019s mares. Describes a granary to be built at Montpelier. Comments on a piano to be bought in Philadelphia.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0209", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Arthur Breese, 16 April 1794\nFrom: Breese, Arthur\nTo: Madison, James\nSir.\nWhitestown Ap. 16th. 94.\nSome time since by the Mail I recd. a letter from you respecting Lot No. 2.\n   Sadaqueda Patent\n I forwarded my answer immediately. By the last Mail I Recd. a letter from Mr. Wm. Morris, inclosing one from you to me. For fear that my first letter should get lost, I now inform you that I am perfectly well acquainted, with the general situation, & Quality of your Lot; and that it is worth four Dollars the acre, cash, & five upon a Credit. No Land in the Neighborhood of it, can be obtained for Less. My first Letter informs you with prescision, the quality of the soil &ca. If we are not engaged in a war with Europe, Land will appreciate much in Value. Any further Information, or assistance, that I can give you, shall be done with Chearfulness. I am Sir with much respect Yr. obedient Servant.\nArthur Breese", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0210", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Walter Jones, 16 April 1794\nFrom: Jones, Walter\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir.\nNorthumd. Cthouse Apl. 16th. 1794\nI this day received yours of the 31st. March, and was truly Surprised at being informed you had never heard from me, since your former favours were sent on. I wrote to you pretty much at large about the 18th. of March, and informed you that my reason for having, at that time, deferred writing so long, was the hope that I might find Leisure to send you an Inclosure, successive to the former, which however, to this day, I have never found. I think the Subject persued with System & Temper, would be a very useful one, & I have thoughts for preparing it against the meeting of our assembly. It would give me great pleasure to Communicate with you on this Subject or any other, but have little expectation of it, but thro the Epistolary Medium. If on your return, I could be informed thro what channel in Fredericsburg Letters would most directly pass to you, you would find me perhaps a troublesome Correspondent. Business will call me to that place as well as Richmond before Midsummer\u2014I should derive singular Satisfaction, if either Trip Should produce a personal Interview.\nWe are much alarmed here at the prospect of war; and deprecate it as an Event, in which we have every thing to hazard, & nothing to gain. The merciless internal auxiliaries, which any nation, that could send a Small hostile fleet & army to our Coasts, might acquire, makes the view singularly distressing to us of the South\u2014we have once escaped a Servile War, almost by Miracle: but it cannot rationally be hoped that we Shall again avoid it, in a like Conjuncture, especially since our Libertines in Philosophy & our Fanatics, have so vitiously meddled with the question of Emancipation. We have just heard that Captn. Knowles of the British Frigate d\u00e6dalus, is taken into Custody at norfolk, as a hostage for the Treatment of Some american in the B. west Indies. It is at present a Confused report, and we are anxious to know the Truth of the fact & its probable Consequences. Adieu Dear Sir & believe me yours with my affectionate Esteem\nWalt: Jones", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0212", "content": "Title: Nonintercourse with Great Britain, [18 April] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n   On 2 April Clark moved a resolution calling for nonintercourse with Great Britain, and on 14 April the Committee of the Whole reported the resolution to the House (Philadelphia Gazette, 3 Apr. 1794; Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 594). JM offered the following amendment on 18 April.\n\u201cWhereas the injuries suffered and likely to be suffered by the United States, from a violation of our neutral rights and commercial interests on the part of Great Britain, and also from a failure in the execution of the 7th article of the treaty of peace make it expedient that our commercial intercourse with that nation should not remain as extensive as it now is, therefore resolved, that from the  day of  next our commercial intercourse with that nation be suspended.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0213", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 21 April 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nHon\u2019d Sir\nPhilada. Apl. 21. 1794\nI have at last found your Certificates, but have not yet applied for the Interest. The power of Attorney is probably lying in the office where it was left at the last draught of Interest.\nYou will see that Jay has been appointed to try the effect of a Minister Exty. to G. B. The proposition for enforcing our demand of redress by making our market a condition of it, is not yet come to a final question. A majority are clearly in favor of it; but the Eastern members are violently opposed to any other step than mere negociation, and spin out the discussion by unwearied resistance.\nMartinique has surrendered to the British. In Europe France is overwhelming the armies combined agst. her. A vessel is just arrived from England and is said to bring letters from Mr. Pinkney. I have had no opportunity of learning more than what you will collect from the newspapers.\nThe embargo is continued till the 25th. of May. The adjournment of Congs. is still unfixed, and depends so much on foreign intelligence as well as the business before them that I can not hazard a guess as to the time.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0214", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Alexander White, 21 April 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: White, Alexander\nLetter not found. 21 April 1794. Acknowledged in White to JM, 26 Apr. and 5 May 1794. Discusses constitutional objections to Chief Justice John Jay\u2019s appointment as envoy extraordinary to Great Britain. Reports that public opinion in England continues to support the war against France.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0215", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 25 April 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nHond. Sir\nPhilada. Apl. 25. 1794\nYours of the 15th. came to hand yesterday. I am sorry to learn that my crop of Corn proves so deficient. I must get the favor of you to have as much engaged as will do. If my directions for sowing oats have been followed, the less will be wanted. M. C. may fence in part of the meadow as he proposes for a pasture. I leave to your own judgment to decide whether the two mares shall be put to Majr. M.s or Bishops Horse. If the Colts when dropped shd. be fine, it may [be] well to prefer the former, if not the latter may be tried. My brother William\u2019s advice may be taken. I approve the size of the Granary you have prescribed to L. C. As soon as that jobb is over, he can be making provision for the Stable according to directions formerly given, unless something more urgent interfere. You have never mentioned to me whether Mr. C\u2019s mill pond has affected my meadow. I will attend to your wishes as to a Forte Piano &c. Unless the girls have extraordinary talents for music I doubt the advantage of bestowing much time on an accomplishment, which will be but imperfectly attained, and as experience shews, but for a few years exercised. You may let Mr. W. Webb know that Nothing is yet done in his affair; & Mr. A. Webb, that his claim is not allowed.\nThe non-importation law was on a second reading yesterday agreed to 57. to 34. Its passage thro\u2019 the Senate is doubtful, or rather improbable. My last informed you that the Embargo is continued till May 25.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0216", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Alexander White, 26 April 1794\nFrom: White, Alexander\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nWoodville 26h. April 1794\nYour favr. of 21st instant is come to hand. Your kind attention amidst the multiplicity of business has my most grateful acknowledgements. I am really sorry the appointment of Mr Jay is disapproved of. From what I have observed and heard of his character I confess I was pleased with it. The constitutionality never occurred to me, and I do not recollect any clause in the Constitution, which could extend to the case, and having received an unexpected Call from home I have not time to look into it.\nThe Spring has been rather dry and cold though upon the whole it may be considered as not unfavourable. I am with real regard Dear Sir Your Obliged Friend\nAlexr White", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0218", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Joshua Barney and Others, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Barney, Joshua\nGentlemen\nPhiladelphia May 1. 1794\nI have been favored with your letter of Mar: 13. from Jamaica with its inclosure, in which the American Masters of Vessels detained in that Island have been pleased to express their sentiments on the Resolutions proposed by me in the House of Representatives on the 3d. of January last. Having long regarded the principles on which those Resolutions were founded, as the basis of a policy most friendly to the just interests of our country, and most honorable to its public councils, I cannot be insensible to the approbation they may obtain from my fellow Citizens, and particularly from those more immediately attached to the prosperity of our commerce and navigation. Under this impression I have received the communication transmitted by you in such polite and friendly terms; and I hope it will be believed that I mingle with it all the sympathy which is due to the distresses of those who have been the victims of depredation. With the sincerest wishes that their unfortunate situation may speedily be exchanged for one which will correspond with their rights and their merits, I remain Gentlemen, with great respect and regard Your Obed: & Hble Servt.\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0219", "content": "Title: To James Madison from George Joy, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Joy, George\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nLondon 1st. May 1794\nI have yet to thank you for your favor of the 17th. May 1792 wch. Mr: Pinckney was so good to deliver me on his arrival and for wch. I should have made my acknowledgements before but for the constant Expectation of the pleasure of seeing you in America.\nIn perusing some detached parts of the diplomatic Correspondence in wch. Mr Jefferson has displayed statistical Abilities so much superior to the European Ministers it has occurred to me that he could not be in possession of certain Documents wch. have heretofore fallen in my way. I find that in Corroboration of many Arguments founded in reason (the proper foundation of the Law of Nations) he has quoted the written opinions of those respectable Authors, who had made that Law their study, wch. were not written for the purpose; and has not been sparing of his labor in referring to Authorities in point; and very much in point his Authorities are, God knows. I conclude therefore that he would have referred to Authorities in other Cases if they had been at hand\u2014for instance that he would not have said on the subject of free ships making free Goods, in his letter to Genet of the 24th. July last \u201cthat England had adhered to the rigourous principle except, as far as he remember\u2019d, the single Instance of her treaty with France\u201d; if by reference to her treaties he could have seen that not only in the single Instance of her Treaty with France (meaning I suppose the Treaty of 1786) and in the Commercial Treaty of 1713 with the same Nation (Art: 17) but in the Treaties with Holland of July 1667 (Art: 3 referring provisionally to Art: 35 of the Treaty between France and the States General) and that of Febry. 1668 (Art: 10) and the Treaty Marine of 1674 (Art: 8) she has made stipulations contravening the rigourous principle\u2014in her treaty with Spain too it is expressly provided (1667 Art: 26) that Enemy Ships shall make Enemy Goods and by implication of this Article combined with Art: 23 of the same Treaty Free Ships make Free Goods. With Prussia the general law of Nations is not expressly amended tho\u2019 some Ambiguity hangs on the 10th & 11th Articles of the Treaty of 1766. With Denmark & Sweden it is less equivocal, the rigorous principal being expressly recognised\n   Denmark 1670 Art: 20 and Passports subjoined.\n   Sweden Apl: 1654 Art: 12 Do: 1656 Art: 4 & Passports subjoined.\n   Ditto 1661 Art: 12 & Passports subjoined.\n\u2014with the Piratical States again not only do free Ships make free Goods but the Property and Persons of the Confederates are protected in Enemy Ships\u2014with the Porte Free Ships make free Goods.\nI notice also in Mr Jefferson\u2019s letter to Mr: Pinckney of the 7th Septr: 1793 he says \u201cpossibly Great Britain may be bound by Treaty to admit the Exception (therein mentioned) in favor of Denmark and Sweden\u201d\u2014an Expression conveying a Doubt wch. would not have existed if he had had the Treaties before him\u2014possibly also Mr Jefferson might have availed himself of the Explanation with Denmark (4th July 1780) to set forth to Mr Hammond the acknowledged Ideas wch. are entertained of the Term contraband wch. if I understand it right partakes of the nature of the ex Ore tuo Argument to confirm the right of neutral ships to carry such Goods to France, unmolested by British Cruizers, as are there declared not to be comprehended in this term\u2014be this as it may, having met with a Collection of Treaties in a convenient form (published by Chalmers) I have thought it might not be unacceptable to Mr Jefferson; but as I have not the honor to be known to him at all I have presumed on your friendship to transmit the Books to him. I have taken the liberty to add another Copy wch. I hope you will find a convenient addition to your own Library and have had the Treaties of 1793 bound in with the 2nd Volume of each. I order\u2019d the same to be done with the Treaty of the 19th Ult: between this Country Prussia and Holland but being printed in a 4to: form only it could not be effected; I therefore send it seperate. By this you will see that in the Auction for the Hirelings of Prussia this Country has outbid France for the year at least and notwithstanding the Provision for renewal of this Bargain on similar terms at the End of this period a Pretext may probably be found for increasing the demand according to the state of the Market.\nGreat scenes are acting at this Moment upon the Continent. Enthusiasm and Numbers are on the side of the French. Discipline, I apprehend, on the side of the Allies; and these last contrary to expectation were first in the field\u2014they have taken the Ground wch. was most vulnerable but that wch. the french might reasonably wish them to take provided they feel themselves secure against internal Commotions and particularly if they are, as I understand, in sufficient force to issue a considerable body of Troops from the Neighbourhood of Lisle & Dunkirk on the one hand and Maubeuge on the other\u2014how the Campaign will finish must of course be very doubtful\u2014I am inclined to think favorably to the French\u2014the greatest hope of the Allies must rest upon an internal diversion in their favor\u2014without this they cannot be ignorant of the impossibility of subjugating France\u2014this hope is founded on two Circumstances wch. if not equally plausible may be equally fallacious\u2014\u2019tis encouraged by the Reports of the Emigrants, desperate in their Circumstances and having even greater reason to try all hazards than those wch. prompted the American Refugees to similar representations; and the intemperate and sanguinary Measures of France, where without doubt the greatest Despotism reigns at this Moment, furnish another Cause for them to hope that Civil Dissentions will favor the return of Monarchy\u2014the first of these tho\u2019 feeble is strengthened by the difficulty wch. Ministers meet with to obtain better information, wch. has been so great as to induce them to apply to some American Gentlemen from France on the subject; who have prudently and properly declined to have any intercourse with them\u2014the second tho\u2019 much to be regretted and a real injury to the republican Cause in point of reputation, is not likely to destroy it in France if I may Credit the uniform testimony of a number of my Friends arrived lately from Paris and different parts of that Country\u2014by these it appears that those who are most opposed to some of the Measures of the existing Government, and who have the Courage to declare it, are yet determined to suffer everything rather than receive the Law from foreigners; God forbid that this should be the Lot of any People; and succour the Polanders in their spirited and almost desperate Efforts to relieve themselves from it!\nI cover this letter to my Friends Messrs. J. Wd. & Wm. Gibbs of Philadelphia to whose Care I send the Books also, that you may have no trouble with them and in the Event of your absence from that City they will be governed in sending them to you or retaining them for your return by the information they may receive at Mrs. House\u2019s of the time when you are expected.\nMrs. Joy and my Brother desire to be remember\u2019d to you with much Esteem and I am very respectfully, Dr sir, Your most obedt: servt:\nGeo: Joy.\nN 56 Hatton Garden.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0222", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 4 May 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nHon\u2019d Sir\nPhilada. May 4. 1794.\nBy a vessel which sails for Fredg. today, I have sent a small box containing the following articles 6 ps. very coarse muslins, 1 ps. of finer. 2 lb. Tea, 3 Books on Medicine, a few pamphlets & a Sett of marking instruments. The muslins were bought as being extremely cheap, and useful for various purposes. If my mother or sister wants any part of them they will make free with them. If the finer piece should not be applicable to any better purpose, I allotted it for shirts, in which it is said to wear as well as linnen. The coarser ps. I supposed might be dealt out in part to my negro women if thought proper, as far as would give them each some kind of garment. The cost would be a trifle, and they wd. probably be better pleased than with some thing in the ordinary way of equal value. I wish however that free use may be made of these as already hinted. The coarse ps. cost about 4 dolrs. each. The fine one abt. 4/. Va. Curry. a yard. The two books by Hamilton are for Dr. Taylor whom you will ask to accept of them. The other by Wallis I send for yourself. It is said to be an able performance. If Dr. Taylor on perusal of it shd. wish a copy, I will forward one for him. You will find that I have recovered the pamphlet by the French Chymist on the mine[r]al waters of Virga. The Squash seed is of the same kind with that inclosed lately in a letter.\nAs I retain the conviction I brought from home in favr. of the Mill at my brothers, I have been endeavoring to dispose of the piece of land on the Mohawk river. But the acct. I have of it embarrasses me. I perceive that by selling it now, I shall get 40 or 50 perCt. less than it will probably fetch in a year or two. I am assured by correct & authentic information, that it is of the best quality, that the country is rapidly settling all around it, that the navigation of the river will soon be opened, and that at a very few miles distance land of the same quality sells for 8 or 10 dollars an acre. Within three miles, lotts in a town lately laid out, sell for \u00a350 an acre and are with difficulty got for that. I can not at present get more than between 4 or 5 dollrs. an acre. The gentleman who gives me my information is a respectable lawyer residing within three miles of the land, and intimately acquainted with it, as well as with that part of the Country. He writes me that within 2 years past Similar lands have risen at least 50 perCt. & that the prospect of future rise is at least as great. Notwithstanding these circumstances I am so much disposed to forward the plan of the Mill which I view as particularly favorable to the interest of my brothers as well as myself, that I [sic] if a pursuit of it depends essentially on my contribution, I shall not hesitate to make the sacrifice. Whether this be the case you can best decide & I will thank you for a line on the subject immediately on the receipt of this. Perhaps your funds \u27e8ma\u27e9y be competent to the demand of the present year. I am persuaded also that notwithstanding the low rate of the pu\u27e8bl\u27e9ic paper, there would be less loss in your sale of that, than I should suffer from the present sale of the land.\nThe bill for suspending importations from G. B. & Ireland which passed the H. of Reps. by 59 agst 34 was rejected in the Senate, who are determined to rely on the extraordinary mission of Jay to sue for satisfaction. The H. of Reps. are occupied with new taxes to defray the expence of the naval armament, the fortifications &c. An increase of the impost, a stampt tax, further excises, and a land tax, are all proposed. I much fear that the aversion to the last will soon involve this Country in the pernicious revenue systems of Europe; and without ultimately avoiding the thing dreaded, as a land tax will be sure to be added on the first great occasion, that may arise. It is not certain how much longer the session will be spun out. I hope it will end at farthest within the present month. If I should determine to make the sale above mentioned, I shall probably be obliged to make a trip to New York before I return to Virginia.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0223", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Madison, Sr., [5 May] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James, Sr.\nTo: Madison, James\n\u2613 Where shall the Laths, & plank be procured\n\u2613 for the granary\u2014\n\u2613 Send the memorials\u2014\n\u2613 Forte Piano\u2014no books. \u27e8per brass?\u27e9 Wire pay Mr Blair when you come home 18/\n\u2613 C\u2014\u2014s Mill does no damage\n\u2613 Excuse [sic] Law\n\u2613 Bill of exchange", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0224", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Alexander White, 5 May 1794\nFrom: White, Alexander\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nWoodville 5h. May 1794\nI have to thank you for your favr of 21st. Ulo. I deem it peculiarly unfortunate that any appointment by the President should at this time be considered as exceptionable. With regard to Mr Jay I confess I cannot discover any constitutional ground of objection. Whatever impropriety there may be in his holding two offices at the same time and receiving compensations for each, the constitution seems not to have provided a remedy, though the subject of incapacitation was considered, and provided for by the latter clause of the 6 section of that instrument. I am extremely sorry the spirit for carrying on the war against France still prevails in England. We shall never have perfect peace while the war rages in Europe, and if it should be of long continuance I fear we shall not be able to avoid taking a part in it. Should England succeed in subduing the French Islands I do not believe she will be permitted to retain them\u2014after the conclusion of Peace\u2014for however desirous the Emperor and others may be to place a Monarch on the thrown of France, when they find that impracticable, they will I conceive be still desirous to restore to France such a degree of power as to enable her to form a counterpoise to England in the scale of European Politics\u2014this she cannot do without a Navy\u2014and a Navy she cannot maintain without a forreign Trade. A young man of some credit has just arrived from Kentucky and says, that General Clarke has actually fallen down to the Mouth of the Ohio with 600 Men, where he now lies, and stops every boat on the River. I have not seen the young man, but from what I know of him, and the channel through which the account came from him to me, I fear it is true. The Weather has been uncommonly warm for several days, the Mercury at 9 O\u2019clock Saturday Morning in Sunshine was at 94. Adieu and believe me sincerely Yours\nAlexr White", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0226", "content": "Title: To James Madison from John Dawson, 6 May 1794\nFrom: Dawson, John\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir!\nRich: May 6. 94\nOn my return to this place on the last evening I receivd your letter with the enclosure for which I thank you.\nThe rejection of the resolution of your house for prohibiting the commercial intercourse with great Britain, by the senate gives much discontent, as far as I have heard observation on it. The nomination of a envoy exty. at the time it was mad\u27e8e\u27e9 appears to me singular, & no doubt had its influence on the fate of the resolution. But the person appointed I think in almost every point of view one of the most improper that coud have taken place.\nWe have nothing worthy communicating. With real esteem Yr. friend & Sert\nJ Dawson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0228", "content": "Title: Excise, [9 May] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n   On 7 May the Committee of the Whole reported eight resolutions on ways and means of raising revenue. JM voted with the minority when the House upheld provisions for a carriage tax, a stamp duty, and an excise on tobacco (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 653\u201356, 666\u201367). On 9 May the House considered the first resolution, which increased the impost. Clark moved that an additional duty of to percent be placed on British goods; FitzSimons claimed \u201cthat there was a progressive diminution of trade with Britain compared to increase of American commerce with other nations.\u201d\nMr. Madison thereupon read a paper containing a state of trade with Britain.\nIn 1791, the exports from that country to America were to the value of\nDollars.\nImports from America to Britain in the same time.\n1792, Exports", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0230", "content": "Title: Memorandum from John Taylor, 11 May 1794\nFrom: Taylor, John\nTo: Madison, James\nOn the 8th. or 9th. instant T. asked leave of absence of the Senate, and expressed seriously his intention to resign. K. soon after invited T. into one of the committee rooms, and informed him, that he wished to converse with him seriously & candidly upon a very important subject. He stated that it was utterly impossible for the union to continue. That the southern and eastern people thought quite differently. That the former cloged and counteracted every operation of government. That when I & S of S. C. were out, the southern interest would prevail. That the eastern would never submit to their politicks. And that under these circumstances, a dissolution of the union by mutual consent, was preferable to a certainty of the same thing, in a less desirable mode. About this time E. joined K & T, as if by accident, tho\u2019 T. thought from concert. K then, protesting that he had never mentioned the subject to E. before, ran over the same ideas, in which E. concured. K was throughout the chief spokesman, tho\u2019 E. occasionally joined him, & appeared intirely to concur with him. It was pressed upon T. in this dilemma, that a friendly intercourse among the members, for fixing the outlines of a seperation was desirable. K. declared that he was very indifferent as to the line of division, from the potowmack to the Hudson. T. expressed his approbation of a friendly & cool discussion of great political subjects in conversation, but approved highly of supporting the union if possible, thought that no material contrariety of interests opposed it, but if he was mistaken, agreed that an amicable seperation was certainly preferable. Previously to coming to this extremity, T. said that an effort ought to be made to unite the two parties which distracted the government; that he considered the debt as the great cause of these parties. Because if we might judge from their mutual accusations, one party suspected that the other was determined to use this debt as a political machine, & to counteract its payment, whilst the other suspected the first of an intention to destroy it. Suppose therefore said T. the two parties were to act in such a manner as to remove these mutual suspicions, might it not give new vigor to the union? If it was proposed for instance, to disband the indian army\u2014to employ one third of its present expence in sudden excursions upon the heels of each other into the indian country\u2014instead of lessening the taxes, to devote by the strongest sanction the two thirds saved to the payment of the principal of the debt\u2014to impose a new tax, founded upon the principle of equality, for the same object\u2014to open a land office, particularly as to a great extent of country in the fork between the ohio\u2014& Illinois, upon which there are no Indians, and to devote its product to the same object. Would not these measures prove that one party was willing to pay the debt\u2014that the other, had annexed no political designs to its continuance\u2014& would not a union of parties result from a removal of their mutual suspicions? Besides the western people would be better pleased, & more essentially benefited\u2014the general belief now existing, that the lands are held up, tho\u2019 devoted by law to this object, to give great land jobbers an opportunity to sell, and to enable them by legislative intrigues and corruption, to push their speculations beyond the Ohio, would be gratified\u2014and the frauds in the imposition of taxes, dictated by local interests, would be rendered unnecessary. But K. would not agree to any thing of this kind\u2014he said that there were other essential subjects of difference between the extremities of the union, besides the debt. That they never had and never would think alike. That M. whose conduct he had narrowly watched, particularly on the committee of ways & means, had some deep & mischievous design\u2014that tho\u2019 he should be of opinion to disband the army after this year if something very material did not happen, yet he would allow no money for carrying on the indian war, but leave it to support itself\u2014that he would not consent to open the land office\u2014and that in short he saw no remedy but a dissolution of the union. T. pressed K to state his suspicions of the designs of M.\u2014to declare what points he wished to be conceded by his opponents\u2014to state the supposed objects of the two parties, which disunited them, independent of the debt\u2014and to say whether some alternative preferable to a dissolution of the union, could not be hit upon. But K declined any explanations of these kinds, contending that the only remedy for the political dissentions, was a dissolution of the union. And nothing being concluded upon, the conversation ended.\nRemarks.\nT. upon reflection, considers the above as worthy of being communicated to M. He is thoroughly convinced that the design to break the union is contemplated. The assurances\u2014the manner\u2014the earnestness\u2014and the countenances\u2014with which the idea was uttered, all disclosed the most serious intention. It is also probable that K & E, having heard that T. was against the constitution, have thence imbibed a mistaken opinion, that he was secretly an enemy to the union, and conceived that he was a fit instrument (as he was about retiring) to infuse notions into the supposed antifederal temper of Virginia, consonant to their views. T. cannot help believing that these views go far beyond what even this proposition discloses. A British interest is what he fears lurks at bottom. The southern temper greatly obstructs a close political connexion with Britain. Those who would get the power to the eastward, would easily effect it as to that moiety\u2014and then Britain & the east united, could operate powerfully in various ways, to bring the south to their terms.\nM. will see clearly, that this communication, tho\u2019 proper to be made to him, ought not to be disclosed to others.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0231", "content": "Title: To James Madison from William Cooper, [12 May] 1794\nFrom: Cooper, William\nTo: Madison, James\nSir\nThe inclosed Resolutions of this Town, passed at a very large Meeting of the Inhabitants, being conceived of importance to the United States, are dispatch\u2019d by Express.\nWilliam Cooper. Town Clerk\n[Enclosure]\nAt a legal and very numerous Meeting of the Freeholders, & other Inhabitants of the Town of Boston at Faneuil Hall on Monday the 12th day of May 1794\nResolved, As the sense of the Inhabitants of this Town, that the General Embargo, imposed by the Legislature of the United States on the Navigation & Commerce within the same, is a measure, founded in the highest policy & Wisdom\u2014passed by a very great Majority.\nResolved, that the Inhabitants of Boston will cordially acquiesce in the continuance of the Embargo, untill in the opinion of Congress, the objects contemplated by that measure shall be fully accomplished\u2014passed unanimously.\nAtt. William Cooper Town Clerk", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0232", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Alexander White, [ca. 12 May] 1794\nFrom: White, Alexander\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nI have the pleasure to contradict the report from Kentucky mentioned in my last of General Clarkes having fallen down the Ohio with 600 Men, I have seen the young man alluded to, and others who came with him. A report prevailed that a Mr Montgomery who has a Colonels commission under Clarke had taken Post at the mouth of the Ohio, and stopped all boats going down the river, but of this there was only a report not credited by the more intelligent. We have had great changes of weather from the excessive heat mentioned in my last\u2014to severe frosts on the 7th. & 8th. instant, it is again moderate. I am Dear Sir Yours sincerely\nAlexr White", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0233", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Alexander White, 12 May 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: White, Alexander\nLetter not found. 12 May 1794. Acknowledged in White to JM, 19 May 1794. Discusses tax legislation pending in Congress.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0235", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello May 15. 1794.\nI wrote you on the 3d. of April, and since that have received yours of Mar. 24. 26. 31. Apr. 14. & 28. and yesterday I received Colo. Monroe\u2019s of the 4th. inst. informing me of the failure of the non-importation bill in the Senate. This body was intended as a check on the will of the Representatives when too hasty. They are not only that but completely so on the will of the people also: and in my opinion are heaping coals of fire not only on their persons, but on their body as a branch of legislature. I have never known a measure more universally desired by the people than the passage of that bill. It is not from my own observation of the wishes of the people that I decide what they are, but from that of the gentlemen of the bar who mix much with them, & by their intercommunications with each other, have under their view a greater portion of the country than any other description of men. It seems that the opinion is fairly launched into public, that they should be placed under the controul of a more frequent recurrence to the will of their constituents. This seems requisite to compleat the experiment whether they do more harm or good? I wrote lately to mr. Taylor for the pamphlet on the bank. Since that I have seen the \u2018Definition of parties,\u2019 and must pray you to bring it for me. It is one of those things which merits to be preserved. The safe arrival of my books at Richmond, & some of them at home, has relieved me from anxiety, & will not be indifferent to you. It turns out that our fruit has not been as entirely killed as was at first apprehended. Some latter blossoms have yeilded a small supply of this precious refreshment. I was so improvident as never to have examined at Philadelphia whether negro cotton & oznabrigs can be had there. If you do not already possess the information, pray obtain it before you come away. Our spring has on the whole been seasonable, & the wheat as much recovered as it\u2019s thinness would permit. But the crop must still be a miserable one. There would not have been seed made but for the extraordinary rains of the last month. Our highest heat as yet has been 83. This was on the 4th. inst. That Blake should not have been arrived at the date of your letter, surprizes me. Pray enquire into the fact before you leave Philadelphia. According to Colo. Monroe\u2019s letter this will find you on the point of departure. I hope we shall see you here soon after your return. Remember me affectionately to Colo. & mrs. Monroe, and accept the sincere esteem of Dear Sir your sincere friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0236", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Madison, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Uncle\nFalmo// the 15th May 1794\nI wrote you some time past, and my not receivg an answer, conclude, it did not reach Phila. The purpose of it was, that I had it in contemplation, to commence business on my own a/c, and was under the disagreeable necessity of begg. yr assistance. You will please write me immediately on the business.\nPlease direct the letter to the care of Robt Patton Fredbg. From Yr Dependant Nephew\nJas. Madison", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0238", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 19 May 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nHond. Sir\nPhilada. May 19. 1794\nYour favor of the 5th. came to hand a few days ago. I hope you will have secured me the corn & a plenty of it. I am at a loss to give directions concerning the laths & plank. If M. C. can conveniently spare the Horses to bring it from my brothers, it will no doubt be best to get it from him. Otherwise it will cost less in the end to take it of Mr. C. I will attend to the Forte Piano & the Dictionary for my sister. As I have not yet sold my land & probably shall not at present, it will be convenient to receive a bill for about 200 dollars, or more if you can spare it. No time shd. be lost in remitting it. Mr. Dunbar will probably be able to accomodate you. I am offered 3600 Dollars for the land, but am advised by good judges not to listen to any thing like that price. The discontent as to the excise has probably been stirred up for some electioneerg. purpose, and will subside of course; unless fostered by other excises now in agitation here, to wit, on manufactured Tobo. & refined Sugar. I oppose these, & wish it were possible to get rid of the principle altogether without a worse alternative. A land tax tho\u2019 far preferable to excises in my judgment, & as appears, in that also of my Constituents, is yet viewed in a very unfavorable light generally. It was lately proposed by a Committee of ways & means, & rejected in the House by a vast majority. You will have seen by the papers that the Embargo is not to be continued. The price of flour is in consequence at 50/. Pa. Cy. There are no late accts. of importance from abroad. The adjournment of Congs. will probably tho\u2019 not certainly take place in 15 or 20 days. I hope M. C. & Sawney will make ready for Harvest without waiting for my presence, as I can not be sure of being there in time. My dutiful regards to my mother & yourself\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0239", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Alexander White, 19 May 1794\nFrom: White, Alexander\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nWoodville 19h May 1794\nI am favd with yours of 12th. instant\u2014since which a Gentleman has arrived from Philadelphia who left it on Wednesday, and says the Embargo is not to be continued.\nI should myself prefer a direct tax to an extension of the Excise, or to the introduction of any new indirect tax which has yet occurred to my mind. Whether a tax on Carriages (except as an article of manufacture in the hands of the Maker or Vendor) can come under the latter description is at least equivocal. By a direct tax I understand a tax in which no one participates except the man who pays it. With this understanding of the Constitution I cannot distinguish between a tax on my Carriage, and a tax on any other part of my property real or personal. Adieu and believe me Yours &c\nAlexr White", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0242", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 25 May 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. May 25. 1794.\nYour favr. of the 15th. Inst: came to hand yesterday. I will procure you the \u201cDefinition of parties,\u201d and one or two other things from the press which merit a place in your archives. Osnabrigs can be had here. Negro Cotton I am told can also be had; but of this I am not sure. I learn nothing yet of Blake. The inclosed paper will give you the correspondence of E. R. & Hammond on an occurrence particularly interresting. You will be as able to judge as we are of the calculations to be founded on it. The embargo expires today. A proposition some days ago for continuing it was negatived by a vast majority; all parties in the main concurring. The Republican was assured that the Embargo if continued would be considered by France as hostility: The other had probably an opposite motive. It now appears that throug\u27e8h\u27e9out the Continent the people were anxious for its continuance, & it is probable that its expiration will save the W. Inds. from famine, without affording any sensible aid to France. A motion was put on the table yesterday for re-enacting it. Measures of this sort are not the fashion. To supplicate for peace, and under the uncertainty of success, to prepare for war by taxes & troops is the policy which now triumphs under the patronage of the Executive. Every attack on G. B. thro\u2019 her commerce is at once discomfited; & all the taxes, that is to say excises, stamps, &c. are carried by decided majorities. The plan for a large army has failed several times in the H. of Reps. It is now to be sent from the Senate, and being recomended by the Message of the P. accompanying the intelligence from the Miami, will probab[l]y succeed. The influence of the Ex. on events, the use made of them, and the public confidence in the P. are an overmatch for all the efforts Republicanism can make. The party of that sentiment in the Senate is compleatly wrecked; and in the H. of Reps. in a much worse condition than at an earlier period of the Session.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0243", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Monroe, 26 May 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nPhila. May 26. 1794.\nI have been with Mr. R. & have given him no final answer. The fact appears to be that the message to me was directly from the President, so that a decision settles it. He has also had an interview with Mr. Dayton.\nMay I request of you to go to Mr. Randolph, & settle the matter with him. I promised him you wod. in the course of \u00bd an hour. If it has not the approbation of my few friends & yourself in particular & certainly will decline it. Weigh therefore all circumstances, & paying as little regard to private considerations as shod. be, tell him for me what answer to give. I write in haste in the Senate, being engaged on the balance bill. Yr. friend & servt\nJas. Monroe\nAn answer must be given the President immediately.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0244", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Madison, Sr., 26 May 1794\nFrom: Madison, James, Sr.\nTo: Madison, James\nLetter not found. 26 May 1794. Acknowledged in JM to James Madison, Sr., 6 June 1794. Concerns a bill of exchange for JM from William Triplett for $200 on a Philadelphia mercantile house.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0245", "content": "Title: From James Madison to John Sitman and Others, 28 May 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Sitman, John\nLetter not found. 28 May 1794. Acknowledged in Sitman and others to JM, 22 Jan. 1795. Concerns an address that Sitman has sent to JM (possibly a \u201cpetition of sundry inhabitants of the towns of Salem, Beverly, and Danvers, in the State of Massachusetts,\u201d which was read in the House of Representatives on 7 Apr. 1794 [Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 561]).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0246", "content": "Title: Military Establishment, [30 May] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n   On 1 April the House approved a resolution to raise an additional military force of 25,000 men \u201cduring a war which may break out between the United States and any foreign European Power\u201d but on 19 May rejected a \u201cbill to augment the military force of the United States.\u201d On 30 May the House took up a Senate bill\u2014\u201cAn act to increase the Military Force of the United States, and to encourage the recruiting service\u201d\u2014which authorized the president to raise an additional 10,000 troops for three years. Debate pitted Federalist advocates of military preparedness against Republican opponents of standing armies (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\nMr. Madison did not accede to the principle of the bill. He did not see any such immediate prospect of a war, as could induce the house to violate the constitution. He thought that it was a wise principle in the constitution, to make one branch of government raise an army, and another conduct it. If the Legislature had the power to conduct, an army, they might embody it for that end. On the other hand, if the President was empowered to raise an army, as he is, to direct its motions when raised, he might wish to assemble it for the sake of the influence to be acquired by the command. The Constitution had wisely guarded against the danger on either side. He could not, in the present case consent to the breaking down of this barrier of public Safety. He saw no necessity for it; nor any violent probability, that this country will be speedily invaded by any force, to which the present military establishment cannot make an adequate resistance. Let us hear from the Minister whom we have just sent to Britain, before we take such abrupt and expensive measures. We shall certainly hear from him, at least, before we are invaded. Now if we enter into a calculation of the time requisite for his arrival in Britain, for commencing his business, and for sending back an account of what kind of reception he has met with, we shall find that by this period, Congress will have sat down again; or at least the interval will be so small, as to make it not worth while to embrace any measure of this kind. Upon the whole, he could not venture to give his consent for violating so salutary a principle of the constitution, as that upon which this bill incroached.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0247", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 1 June 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. June 1. 1794\nThe Stamp Act was poisoned by the ingredient of the tax on transfers. The centinels of Stock uniting with the adversaries of the general plan formed a large majority. The carriage tax which only struck at the Constitution, has passed the H. of Reps. and will be a delicious morsel to the Senate. The attempt of this Branch to give the P. power to raise an army of 10,000, if he should please, was strangled more easily in the H. of R. than I had expected. This is the 3d or 4th. effort made in the course of the Session to get a powerful military establishment, under the pretext of public danger and under the auspices of the P.\u2019s popularity. The bill for punishing certain crimes &c. including that of selling prizes has been unexpectedly called up at the last moment of the Session. It is pretended that our Citizens will arm under French Colors if not restrained. You will be at no loss for the real motive, especially as explained by the circumstances of the present crisis. The bill for complying with Fauchet\u2019s application for a million of dollars, passed the H. of R. by a large majority. The Senate will certainly reject it. Col. M. is busy in preparing for his embarkation. He is puzzled as to the mode of getting to France. He leans towards an American vessel which is to sail from Baltimore for Amsterdam. A direct passage to F is scarcely to be had, and is incumbered with the risk of being captured & carried into England. It is not certain that Negro Cotton can be had here. German linnens of all sorts can. Nothing of Blake. Tomorrow is the day of adjournment as fixt by the vote of the two Houses; but it will probably not take place till the last of the week. We have had 8 or 10 days of wet weather from the N. E., which seems at length to be breaking up. Yrs. Affy.\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0248", "content": "Title: Madison\u2019s Courtship and Marriage, ca. 1 June\u201315 September 1794 (Editorial Note)\nFrom: \nTo: \nEditorial Note\nIn eighteenth-century American society the relationship between husband and wife was a private, almost secret, matter. History and biography have been poorer for this fact, as witness Martha Washington\u2019s destruction of her husband\u2019s letters after his death. Thus the affectionate exchanges between John and Abigail Adams have long stood out and been cited as unusual survivals of that era of intense privacy. William T. Hutchinson and the other early editors of this project understood the relationship of JM and his beloved Dolley and accordingly announced at the outset (PJMRobert A. Rutland et al., eds., The Papers\n          of James Madison: Presidential Series (1 vol. to date; Charlottesville, Va.,\n        1984\u2014)., 1:xxxv) that letters to and from Dolley Madison \u201cwhich throw light upon her husband\u2019s career\u201d would be printed. In short, there is more to a statesman\u2019s life than politics and tobacco prices. For example, Catharine Coles\u2019s 1 June 1794 letter to Dolley Payne Todd, disclosing that \u201che hopes that your Heart will be calous to every other swain but himself,\u201d reveals an aspect of JM\u2019s life that would be obscured if we consider only the Virginia congressman\u2019s political correspondence in this period. The narrative of JM\u2019s courtship has been well told in Ketcham, James Madison, pp. 376\u201382, Brant, Madison, 3:401\u201314, and Virginia Moore, The Madisons: A Biography (New York, 1979), pp. 10\u201317.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0249", "content": "Title: Catharine Coles to Dolley Payne Todd, 1 June 1794\nFrom: Coles, Catharine\nTo: Madison, Dolley Payne Todd\nPhilidelphia 1 June 1794\nI told you my Dear Cosen that I should not stay very Long here after you was gone we propose Leaveing this next Wednesday for New york.\nNow for some News all the good Folks in this House are well only Cosen Sally is sikish, Capn Preston is gone, Sukey & Mrs Grenup are all so. Mr Grove is in the Pouts about you, tell Anny I have not seen Mr Porter so I cant tell how he Looks, the General is pretty so so, J\u2014\u2014 B\u2014\u2014 Round the Corner is melancholy, Lawrance has made me his Confidant Poor Fellow I fear he will not meet with Suckcess, now for Mad\u2014\u2014 he told me I might say what I pleas\u2019d to you about him to begin, he thinks so much of you in the day that he has Lost his Tongue, at Night he Dreames of you & Starts in his Sleep a Calling on you to relieve his Flame for he Burns to such an excess that he will be shortly consumed & he hopes that your Heart will be calous to every other swain but himself he has Consented to every thing that I have wrote about him with Sparkling Eyes, Monroe goes to France as Minister Plenipo. M\u2014\u2014 has taken his House do you like it. Poor Coln Bur has Lost his Wife he is gone to New York. Dont you think that I have wrote enough for this time adieu. Mr Coles Joins m\u27e8e\u27e9 in affectionate Love to you your Mother & Sisters & remember us to all frien\u27e8ds.\u27e9 Your Sincere friend\nCatharine Coles", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0250", "content": "Title: Neutrality, [2 June] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n   On 13 March Vice-President Adams broke a tie in the Senate to pass the Neutrality Act, which prohibited citizens from enlisting or accepting commissions in foreign military forces, fitting out foreign privateers and warships, or participating in filibuster expeditions. On 31 May JM was in the minority when the House voted to consider the act immediately (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 1st sess., 68, 743\u201344). In Committee of the Whole on 2 June a motion was made to strike out the act\u2019s sixth section, which forbade the sale within the United States of prizes captured by foreign warships or privateers. Smith (South Carolina) opposed the motion, citing Jefferson\u2019s printed diplomatic correspondence to buttress his arguments against permitting the sale of French prizes in American ports.\nMr. Madison replied to Mr. Smith, in substance, as follows.\nHe should not follow Mr. S. in the long argument which he had extracted chiefly from the correspondence of Mr. Jefferson; because, were it admitted to be well founded, it did not reach the true point to be decided. It was not merely a question, whether we were bound by treaty to permit the sale of French prizes. There was another question, whether we were bound, by the law of nations and of neutrality, to refuse that permission. It had not been shewn, that we were bound to such refusal. A neutral nation might treat belligerent nations unequally, where it was in consequence of a stipulation prior to the war, and having no particular reference to it. It was laid down expressly, by all the best writers, that to furnish a military force to one of the parties, in pursuance of such a stipulation, without a like aid to the other, was no breach of neutrality; and it amounted to the same thing whether the equilibrium were destroyed by putting an advantage in one scale, or taking a privilege from the other. The executive had expounded the law of nations, and our treaties, in this sense, by leaving the sale of French prizes free, and forbidding the sale of British prizes. For the legislature to decide, that we were bound by the laws of neutrality to forbid the sale of French prizes also, would be to make themselves the expositor of the law of nations, to condemn the exposition of the executive\u2014to arm Britain with a charge against the United States, of having violated their neutrality, and, what ought particularly to be avoided, to arm her with claims of indemnification for injuries done her by the sale of prizes. Such a proceeding would be the more impolitic and extraordinary, as it could not fail to give extreme disgust to the French Republic, by withdrawing a privilege which it had been determined could be rightfully allowed her; and, as the British minister, lord Grenville, had admitted in his conversations, with Mr. Pinkney, that Britain had reason to be satisfied, on the whole, with the conduct of the United States, as a neutral nation.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0251", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 6 June 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nHon\u2019d Sir\nPhila. June 6. 1794.\nI recd. yours of the 26 Ult: on the subject of the bill of exchange, and at the same time a draught from Mr. Triplet for 200 dollars on a house here which has accepted it. I have not yet fixt on a Forte Piano but have several in my eye; and will make a choice as soon as I can satisfy myself, and will have it forwarded it [sic] as soon as an opportunity offers. The adjournment is put off till monday next. I shall set out in a few days thereafter, in company with Col: Monroe who is to embark at Baltimore for France. If I could fix the time, I should be glad to have a conveyance provided for me from Fredg; but that cannot yet be done. I wish however you could keep horses ready to be sent down in case previous notice should get to your hand. If the little chair is not unfit for use I would prefer that mode. I shall have a servant with me. I refer to the inclosed papers for several articles of foreign information. Yr. Affe. Son\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0253", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Mussi, 9 June 1794\nFrom: Mussi, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nSir\nMonday Eveng 9. June 94.\nMy Brother Stephen Mussi partner in the houses under the firm of Bolongaro Simonetta in frankfurt, & Bolongaro Simonetta, & Co. in Amsterdam having allready procured Sevl. Loans, will be disposed to Lend any Sum to the united States at four, & a half \u214c Ct. interest, Commission, & all Charges encluded, if requested. Whenever you understand that the Executive Should wish it, I Shall immediately write to my Brother, & as a Citizen of united states I\u2019ill be happy of any opporty. to be of Service.\nWe Spoke of it few weeks ago after dinner at the house of major Butler, who told me to mention it to you. I wish you good voyage to virginia, & remain with Sentiments of true esteem\u2014Sir your most obt. Servt.\nJos. Mussi\nI beg to present the enclosed with my best Compliments to Mr. Jefferson.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0254", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 15 June 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nHond Sir\nBaltimore June 15. 1794\nI got here the evening before last, and shall leave this the day after tomorrow in company with Mr. Jones who met Col. Monroe here. I shall probably be three days on the road to Fredg. and must there provide a conveyance home; unless you should have been able to save me from that necessity. If Mr. Blair shd. send this by an immediate opportunity, there may possibly be time after the receipt of it to forward horses to meet me at Fredg. where I shall halt a day if no more. I mentioned in my last that I wd prefer travelling from Fredg. in a chair if that arrangement be practicable. Yr Affe. son\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0256", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Walter Jones, 18 June 1794\nFrom: Jones, Walter\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir.\nI remain your Debtor for two Letters, which obligation would have been Sooner discharged, but that the accounts we heard of the adjournment of Congress rendered it improbable that my Letters would find you in Philadelphia.\nI write this by a transient & hasty opportunity, which allows not time for any reflexions or questions on public affairs. I just take time to mention that many weeks ago an Intimation Came to me from a distant part, that one of our Senators meant to resign, & a proposition, that I should take measures, to become his Successor. I cannot finally resolve yet, upon the Course I shall take; and indeed it would depend much upon the probable prospect of not being repulsed, if I attempted it. I hear that Colo. Hopkins is looked upon generally as one who will Succeed, and I do not hear of any other person particularly named. Our part of the Country is So out of the Line of general Intelligence that we Collect with difficulty the general opinion of the State.\nShould you think proper to mention my Name, to the Delegates you may meet with, & to write me Some time hence on the prospect you take of the probable Success of my declaration, it would contribute much to Shape my resolution. I am dear Sir with affectionate and sincere Esteem\nWalt: Jones", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0257", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Joseph Jones, ca. 1 July 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jones, Joseph\nLetter not found. Ca. 1 July 1794. Alluded to in Jones to JM, 6 July 1794. Reports the poor condition of wheat crops between Fredericksburg and the mountains of Virginia.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0258", "content": "Title: From James Madison to John Lee, ca. 1 July 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Lee, John\nLetter not found. Ca. 1 July 1794. Mentioned in JM to Lee, 15 Nov. 1794. Requests information on Ambrose Madison\u2019s and JM\u2019s Kentucky lands.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0259", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Hubbard Taylor, ca. 1 July 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Taylor, Hubbard\nLetter not found. Ca. 1 July 1794. Mentioned in JM to John Lee, 15 Nov. 1794. Requests information on Ambrose Madison\u2019s and JM\u2019s Kentucky lands.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0261", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Jones, 22 July 1794\nFrom: Jones, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nDr: Sr\nFredg 22d. July 1794\nI expected to have been with you before now but have been unwell a few days past wch. has delayed me. Anty. goes up with a few things to Monroes wch. I suppose will be wanting there while I am up. He brings all the Coffee that came here in the Matt package\u2014package and Coffee weighed 38 lb whe. it was the whole that should have come I am uninformd. I have sent you a pine apple cheese which I hope will prove good those in general that have been used here were approved of as good. I shall go through Culpeper and if nothing unforeseen prevents will set off Tomorow. You have several packages at Andersin\u2019s or Blairs. Yr. friend & Servt\nJos: Jones", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0262", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Joseph Jones, ca. 12 August 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jones, Joseph\nLetter not found. Ca. 12 August 1794. Alluded to in Jones to JM, 14 Aug. 1794. Explains that JM cannot meet Jones in Charlottesville as planned owing to Antoine\u2019s illness. Asks Jones to inform Jefferson of the delay.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0264", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Dolley Payne Todd, 18 August 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, Dolley Payne Todd\nOrange Aug: 18. 94. I recd. some days ago your \u27e8p\u27e9recious favor from Fredg. I can not express, but hope you will conceive the joy it gave me: The delay in hearing of your leaving Ha\u27e8n\u27e9over which I regarded as the only \u27e8s\u27e9atisfactory proof of your recove\u27e8r\u27e9y, had filled me with extreme \u27e8\u2026 dis\u27e9quietude, and the co\u27e8mmun\u27e9ication of the welcome event was \u27e8e\u27e9ndeared to me by the stile in which it was conveyed. I hope you will never have another de\u27e8li\u27e9beration, on that subject. If the sentiments of my heart can gua\u27e8r\u27e9antee those of yours, they assure me there can never he a caus\u27e8e\u27e9 for it. Is it not cruel that I should be obliged to mingle w\u27e8ith\u27e9 the deliciou\u27e8s \u2026\u27e9 your letter the pain \u2026\n\u2026 I cannot \u27e8di\u27e9smiss my fears that his illness may at least be prolonged. \u27e8O\u27e9n the most favorable supposition, I can not venture to expect that he will be able to travel in less than 10 or 12 days. I should not hesitate to set out without him, tho\u2019 in several respects inconvenient were it not forbidden by his utter ignorance of our language, and my being the only \u27e8pe\u27e9rson here who knows a word of his; \u27e8so\u27e9 that in case his \u27e8il\u27e9lness should continue his distress as well as that of those around him would be inexpressible; to say noth\u27e8in\u27e9g of the difficulty of followi\u27e8n\u27e9g me in the event of his getting wel\u27e8l.\u27e9 This adverse incident is t\u27e8he\u27e9 more mortifying as I had spared \u27e8n\u27e9o efforts and made some sacrifices, to meet you at \u27e8\u2026\u27e9 than I hoped when we \u27e8par\u27e9ted. I limited \u2026\n\u2026 set out. If he so far recovers that I can leave him, without being a\u27e8ble\u27e9 in a few days, according to appearances, to travel, I shall then endeavo\u27e8r\u27e9 to proceed without him, and let him make his way after me as well as he can: In the mean time, allow me to hope that this unavoidable delay, will not extend its influence to the epoch most \u27e8\u2026 an\u27e9d to repeat the claim \u27e8wh\u27e9ich I apprised \u2026", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0265", "content": "Title: William W. Wilkins to Dolley Payne Todd, 22 August 1794\nFrom: Wilkins, William W.\nTo: Madison, Dolley Payne Todd\nPhiladelphia August 22nd. 1794.\nI will not delay a Moment my ever dear and valued friend to reply to your last interresting Epistle. Flattered as I am by your Condecension in consulting me on this important Occasion and truly and disinterestedly solicitous for your Welfare\u2014the Task I undertake is far from being a painful one. As your friend I feel not the least Hesitation in forming my Opinion\u2014ought I then to feel any reluctance in communicating it?\nMr. M\u2014\u2014n is a Man whom I admire. I knew his Attachment to you and did not ther\u27e8efor\u27e9e content myself with taking his Character from the Breath of popular Applause\u2014but \u27e8consul\u27e9ted those who knew him intimately in private Life. His p\u27e8ersonal\u27e9 Character therefore I have every reason to believe is good and amiable. He unites to the great Talents which have secured him public Approbation those engaging Qualities that contribute so highly to domestic Felicity. To such a Man therefore I do most freely consent that my beloved Sister be united and happy.\nYes my dear and amiable Julia you have my fullest and freest Approbation of the Step you are about to take. No Wish is dearer to my Heart than your Happiness & Heaven is my Witness that nothing is less selfish than my Attachment to you. That I have not been insensible to your Charms ought not I think to be regarded as a Fault\u2014few persons in similar Situations would not have felt their irresistible Influence; but none I will venture to say could have mingled in their Emotions more true Respect and more fraternal Affection than I have.\nWith respect to the Settlement on your Son\u2014I will give \u27e8yo\u27e9u my Sentiments frankly. You are placed in a critical Situation in this Affair\u2014the Eyes of the World are upon you and your Enemies have already opened their Mouths to censure and Condemn you. I hope you will disappoint them\u2014I believe you will now be just\u2014for you have hitherto always been generous. I must confess I conceive it to be your duty to make some Settlement upon him and I know you too well to doubt your Inclination to do it. The only Question can be to what Amount and in what Manner shall this Settlement be made.\nMr. M\u2014\u2014n is as I am informed a Man of genteel tho not of large property. He has a right to expect some part but does not want the whole of your Estate. I would suggest therefore that your House and Stables situate in Fourth Street be previously to your Marriage conveyed to Trustees in Trust to receive the Rents Issues and profits during the Minority of your Son and apply the same first to discharge the Sum of \u214c350 with the Interest (being the remaining Sum due of the purchase Money & which ought to he regarded as an Incumbrance on the premises) & in the second place to the support & Education of your Son (stipulating if you please that for this purpose the payments of the proceeds be made to your future Husband and yourself as it is to be presumed your Son will always remain under your joint Care and Protection) and in trust farther to convey the premises to your Son in fee Simple upon his arriving to the Age of twenty one Years\u2014but if he should die before he attains that Age to convey to yourself and your Heirs.\nYour Son as a residuary Legatee of his Grand Father will be intitled to something\u2014but the Amount of the Legacy is wholly uncertain. The provision which I have mentioned will in your Circumstances be a generous one\u2014I only fear it will be thought unreasonably great. But those who know Julia as well as \u27e8I do\u27e9 will look for Conduct at once maternally affectionate and exaltedly bountiful.\nIf I have given my Opinion with too much freedom\u2014I earnestly solicit your pardon. I am sensible that neither Age or Wisdom or Relationship authorize me to advise\u2014but your own Command has opened my Lips and Friendship bids me be sincere. With the truest\u2014warmest Wishes for your Happiness I am my dear Julia ever & affectionately yours\nWm. W. Wilkins\nMy respects to Mrs. payne. Hallowell informs me that he considered himself obliged to pay the Money to Isaac & has paid it to his Order. Compliments to Miss Anna. I must beg her pardon for detaining these Letters so long in my possession as I expected daily to hear from you & wished to dispatch in one packet. I shall attend as usual to your Affairs till my power is revoked.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0266", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Hubbard Taylor, 22 August 1794\nFrom: Taylor, Hubbard\nTo: Madison, James\nLetter not found. 22 August 1794. Acknowledged in JM to Taylor, 15 Nov. 1794. Provides information on Ambrose Madison\u2019s and JM\u2019s Kentucky lands and promises to make further inquiries about them.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0267", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 1 September 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nLetter not found. 1 September 1794, Orange. Mentioned in JM to Jefferson, 5 Oct. 1794. Discusses deer for stocking Jefferson\u2019s park at Monticello. Received by Jefferson 18 Sept. (Jefferson\u2019s Epistolary Record [DLC: Jefferson Papers]).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0269", "content": "Title: Dolley Payne Todd to Eliza Collins Lee, 16 September 1794\nFrom: Madison, Dolley Payne Todd\nTo: Lee, Elizabeth (Eliza) Collins\nHair-Wood\u2014September the 16th. [1794]\nI receav\u2019d your precious favour from Bath & should have indulged myself in writeing an answer but for the excessive weakness In my Eyes. And as a proof my dearest Eliza of that confidence & friendship which has never been interrupted betwe[e]n us I have stolen from the family to commune with you\u2014to tell you in short, that in the cource of this day I give my Hand to the Man who of all other\u2019s I most admire. You will not be at a loss to know who this is as I have been long ago gratify\u2019d In haveing your approbation. In this Union I have every thing that is soothing and greatful in prospect\u2014& my little Payne will have a generous & tender protector.\nA Settlement of all my real property with a considerable Adition of Money is made upon him with Mr. M\u2014\u2014s full approbation. This I know you feel an Interrest in or I should not have troubled you with it\u2014you also are acquainted with the unmerited sensure of my Enimys on the subject.\nMr. & Mrs L. Lee have left the neighbourhood to our great regret as we wished much their presence to day, they being the only Family Invited except his sister & Brother Washington\u2014but how shall I express the anxiety I feel to see you? That friend whose goodness, at many interresting periods I have greatfully experienced would now rejoice us by a sight of her\u2014tell your dear Lee that he must not suplant D P T in your Affections but suffer her whilst she deserves it to share with him your ever valuable Esteem. Adeiu! Adeiu.\nIt is yet uncertain whether we shall see you before the meeting in Phila. Mama, Madison, Lucy, Gorge, Anna and Hariot joine in best love to \u27e8you\u27e9 & yours.\nDolley Payne Todd\nEvening.\nDolley Madison! Alass!", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0271", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Henry Lee, 23 September 1794\nFrom: Lee, Henry\nTo: Madison, James\nMy dear sir\nAlexa. sepr. 23d. 94.\nI hear with real joy that you have joined the happy circle & that too in the happiest manner. To your lady present my most respectful congratulations. She will soften I hope some of your political asperitys. The day which blessed you cursed me. I left my family to join the troops destined to restore order in Pensylvania. What a cursed event, who could have supposed such a disaster possible in this day of reason, among a people of reason. Surely these things must influence our political leaders to harmonize more than they have lately done & to regard as a solemn truth that tolerable happiness to a nation had better be preserved than risked in pursuit of greater felicity. We are more than tolerably happy & we ought to be content. Whatever may be my difficultys or whatever my fate I sincerely wish you & your better half every good which mortality permits. Farewel\nHenry Lee\nPresent me to my friend & relation Mr W & ask him if he received a long letter written by me from Norfolk.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0272", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 5 October 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nHarewood Ocr. 5. 1794.\nOn my return to Orange I dropped you a few lines on the subject of the deer. On my way into this part of the Country I passed Col. John Thornton of Culpeper, who has a Park, and will spare you with pleasure two or three, if you can not be otherwise supplied. He thinks he could by advertizing a premium of 10 or 12 dollars a head procure from his neighbors as many fawns to he delivered at Monticello as you would want. If you chuse to make use of his assistance, a line to the care of Mr. Fontaine Maury at Fredg. would soon get to hand.\nThis will be handed to you by Mr. Bond who is to build a large House for Mr. Hite my brother in law. On my suggestion He is to visit Monticello not only to profit of examples before his eyes, but to ask the favor of your advice on the plan of the House. Mr. Hite particularly wishes it in what relates to the Bow-room & the Portico, as Mr. B. will explain to you. In general, any hints which may occur to you for improving the plan will be thankfully accepted. I beg pardon for being the occasion of this trouble to you, but your goodness has always so readily answered such draughts on it, that I have been tempted to make this additional one.\nI write at present from the seat of Mr. G. Washington of Berkeley, where, with a deduction of some visits, I have remained since the 15th. Ult: the epoch at which I had the happiness to accomplish the alliance which I intimated to you I had been sometime soliciting. We propose to set out in 8 or 10 days for Philada. where I shall always receive your commands with pleasure, and shall continue to drop you a line as occasions turn up. In the mean time I remain Yrs. Mo: affecy\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0273", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 5 October 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nDear & Hond Sir\nHarewood October 5. 1794.\nI have detained Sam by whom I send this so much longer than I intended & you expected that many apologies are due for the liberty. I hope it will be a sufficient one that I found him indispensable for a variety of little services, which I did not particularly take into view before I left Orange. These he can himself explain, and I therefore leave the task to him; proceeding to the history of what relates to myself. On my arrival here I was able to urge so many conveniences in hastening the event which I solicited that it took place on the 15th. Ult. On the friday following we set out accompanied by Miss A. Payne, and Miss Harriot Washington, on a visit to my sister Hite, where we arrived the next day, having stopped a night in Winchester with Mr. Balmain. We had been a day or two only at Mr. Hite\u2019s, before a slight indisposition which my wife had felt for several days ended in a regular Ague & fever. The fits tho\u2019 succeeded by compleat intermissions were so severe that I thought it prudent to call in a Physician from Winchester. Docr. Mackay not being in the way Docr. Baldwin attended, and by a decisive administration of the Bark soon expelled the complaint. She has since recovered very fast & I hope notwithstanding a slight indisposition this morning which may be the effect of fatigue & change of weather, that no return is in the least to be apprehended. We left Mr. Hites the day before yesterday. Our time was passed there with great pleasure on our side, and I hope with not less on the other. Our departure however was embittered by the loss sustained the night preceeding by my sister, which you will have an account of from Mr. H. by this opportunity. In about 8 or 10 days we expect to set out for Philada. Your daughter in law begs you and my mother to accept her best and most respectful affections, which She means to express herself by an early opportunity. She wishes Fanny also be sensible of the pleasure with which a correspondence with her would be carried on.\nI saw Fraily at Mr. Hite\u2019s. He promises stedfastly to be with you in about a fortnight at farthest; and to do every thing on his part requisite for a vigorous prosecution of the undertaking at Bernard\u2019s Ford.\nI must ask the favor of my mother to make out a memorandum of the Cloathing &c. to be obtained at Mr. Dunbars for the negroes; & of yourself to have it transmitted along with a list of other articles such as Salt Iron &c\u2014which may [be] wanted for the winter\u2019s use. I heard with great satisfaction by Mr. Howard that her complaint which appeared in so doubtful a character when I left her, had taken a turn that promised an early & I hope entire recovery. With my sincerest prayers that perfect health & every other good may attend you both, I remain Yr. Affete son\nJs. Madison Jr\nI called soon after I came into the neighbourhood on Mrs. F. Hite, & found her & family well. I intend to repeat my visit if possible & to introduce her new relation to her.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0274", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Richard Taylor, 11 October 1794\nFrom: Taylor, Richard\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nJefferson Kentucky 11th. Ocr. 1794\nWhen your Brother the late Mr. Ambrose Madison was in Kentucky I purchased a Tract of Eight hundred Acres of Land of him the remainder of Hancock Eustaces Survey after he had sold Majr Croghan One hundred & six acres & Mr. Hancock Lee had got his claim satisfied. I have payed for the Land all but one Thousand Acres of Land on Green river oposit the mouth of Rough creek which I am ready to convey at any time. Your Brother beeing on his Journey & in a Hurry he cou\u2019d not make me a Deed nor did I ask him for any obligation for his makeing one for he gave Mr. Hubard Taylor a Genl. Power to do all his Business in Kentucky Directing him to make me a Deed to the afore-mentioned Land, but from his remote Situation from me & the Land it has been Neglected. Now I shou\u2019d bee obliged to you to Inform me How I can gett a Title to the Land as I expect Mr. Taylors Power ceases on the Death of your Brother. This sir is a mater of present concern to me as I have parted with some of the Land. As for News we have very little here, only Major Whitley went against the Chickamogas with Five hundred Kentucky & Cumberland Volunteers Kill\u2019d & Took upwards of Fifty & did not loose one man. As for Politticks as you corrispond with Mr. Hubard Taylor and Mr. Nicholas one of whom is a Violent Democrat the other for supporting Government so long as he thinks it a good one of which last I believe there is a large Majorraty in our State. As for Famaly News we have Six sons & one Daughter all well. Have nothing more to add but that I remain with great regard your most Obt. Servt\nRichd: Taylor", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0277", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Jones, [ca. 28 October] 1794\nFrom: Jones, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nDr. Sr.\nFredg. [Ca. 28 October 1794]\nI have your favor from Philadelphia and very sincerely rejoice with you on your late change of condition and safe arrival in the City. Present my congratulations to your Lady. The tea china you mention is here and shall be packed up carefully and sent by Capt. Lambert who informs me he shall leave this place Tomorow evening or next day for Philadelphia. Monroe must certainly be safe in France from all accounts tho\u2019 we have no letters from him. He got there at a moment of great agitation but which like a sudden gust or squal has soon blown over. When I parted from Monroe he intimated to me that if any balances from him shod. be pressed for or I shod. enter into any engagement wherein he should be concerned and wch. was then contemplated and has since taken place and I shod. want his aid before I should hear from him that probably I could thro\u2019 Mr. Edmd. Randolph obtain money on his accot. Presuming this might be done I lately mentioned it to him that I wished to obtain 1000 dols. on accot. as agent for Monroe of which he might retain abt. \u00a3120 due by Walker Carter in Philadelphia and the balance I shod. draw for if to be had. Mr. Randolph informed me he wod. have W. Carters settled and expected I might in a few days be accommodated with the balance but did not speak certainly. An immediate and pressing demand on Col. Carter has induced me to take the liberty to draw a bill of \u00a350 this money on Mr. Randolph on Monroes accot. and to request he will have it paid, this I shod. not have done but from necessity having already advanced all I had or could raise on \u27e8acct.\u27e9 the land purchased from Col. Carter in wch. Monroe is in part concerned. Will you speak with Randolph on it and inform me what is the prospect of its Being paid that if it shod. not be honored I may try some way of providing for it in time. I do not choose to draw on Monroe before I hear from him and am informed th[r]o\u2019 what channel to make the drafts. Yr. friend & Servt\nJos: Jones\nLambert goes to Lloyd & Sparks.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0278", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 30 October 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nTh: J. to J. M.\nMonticello Oct. 30. 94.\nIn the moment of the departure of the post it occurs to me that you can, by the return of it, note to me the amount of Mazzei\u2019s claim against Dohrman, for the information of the Van Staphorsts. I will put off my answer to them for that purpose. The day you left me I had a violent attack of the Rheumatism which has confined me ever since. Within these few days I have crept out a little on horseback, but am yet far from being well, or likely to be so soon. I wish much to see the speech, & to know how such an armament against people at their ploughs, will be represented, and an appeal to arms justified before that to the law had been tried & proved ineffectual, by the fact, not by the certified opinion of a magistrate paving the way to an embassy. Adieu, a thousand respects to mrs. Madison & joys perpetual to both.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0280", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Philip Freneau, 2 November 1794\nFrom: Freneau, Philip\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir,\nMonmouth, East Jersey, November 2d. 1794\nAs I hear there is a probability of a new printer being wanted for the House of Representatives, I take the liberty to Solicit Your interest in favour of Mr. Francis Bailey, by whom, You may rest assured, the work of every kind will be executed to perfect Satisfaction. If Mr. Childs and Mr. Swaine should resign the business; I make no doubt but Your influence with Mr. Beckley will be exerted for this purpose. Mr. Bailey is an old, tried Republican; and, perhaps I scarcely need tell You, has stood forth in the worst of times, both as a printer and Soldier, a friend to the rights, liberties, and interests of this country. Such characters Merit consideration; and permit me to tell You, that in my opinion, it would be preferable that the whole of the work were entrusted to his care; dividing the business, I never could persuade myself, answered any good purpose: and if one such person as Mr. Bailey were made responsible for the whole, considering his attention and abilities, and the capital printing apparatus he is furnished with, I am convinced the House would find their account in having the work done by him. I am, Sir, with perfect esteem\u2014Your sincere friend\nPhilip Freneau", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0282", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Jones, 4 November 1794\nFrom: Jones, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nDr. Sr.\nFredg. 4th. \u27e8November 179\u27e94\nI last week informed you I had packed up the china and sent it on board a vessell commanded by Capt. Lambert (his name is Lambeth) who expected to sail the next day. He goes to the house of Lloyd and Sparks of Philadelphia. A spell of rainy weather that commenced while he was loading has detained him untill to day, so that you may expect him soon after the receipt of this letter. I inclose the receipt.\nThat you may understand the reason of my drawing a Bill for \u00a350 on Mr. Randolph and also requesting him to settle a demand agt. Walker Carter of about \u00a3125. on accot. of Col. Monroe proceeded from my having contracted with Col. Carter for his Loudon land, in which purchase Monroe was if I made it to be concerned. The Colonels first proposition was to have six hundred pounds paid down but afterwards from growing and pressing demands upon him he found it necessary to demand a prompt payment of \u00a31500. Finding the offer I made him the best that upon his terms came forward, he closed with me. Having no communication from Monroe through what channel to make draughts for such part of the first payment as I shod. have occasion to call upon him for, I informed Mr. Randolph That Monroe had intimated to me, before we parted, that if my engagements for him were of such nature as to make it necessary, I might probably on application to him be assisted on his accot.\u2014and requested to know from him if I could get on Monroes accot. 1000 dols. If so he might retain a sum he stood answerable for accot. of Walker Carter, and furnish me the balance. Mr. Randolph informed me he wod. in consequence of my application settle Walker Carters debt, and wished me to wait awhile for the balance expecting daily to hear from Monroe. Hearing nothing from Monroe or any further communication from Mr. Randolph, and being pressed by Col. Carter to assist him with \u00a350 to settle an unavoidable demand, I at length ventured to make the draught on Mr. Randolph as Agent for Monroe, assuring him none other shod. be made untill we heard from him. I will thank you therefore to speak with Mr. Randolph on the matter and prevail on him if it can be done to honor the bill, for which and the other sum if it be necessary a bill on Monroe may be furnished by me, so soon as I am informed in what manner to make the draughts. If there is no prospect of the bill being paid, I beg you to inform me of it withot. delay, that I may make provision here. The first payment I can accomplish with the remnant of the 1000 dols., if I am not much disappointed here\u2014I mean the \u00a31500 down, besides exonerating the land of 1100t. to Col. Pendleton due by Judts. and elegits served on the land for which he has agreed To accept good bonds in payment, these I can furnish. Also 1000 to the \u27e8Ets.\u27e9 of Wm. Carr of Dumfries. For the balance I have two annual payments. Upon the whole I think the bargain good @ 3 dols. \u214c acre the sum agreed on for about 5000 acres even altho\u2019 it is incumbered as I have mentioned, and with many Leases at low rent. The money incumbrances are to be deducted from the price. I mention these circumstances between ourselves, not wishing them to be spoken of. When you commence operations let me hear from you as usual. I take Baches paper furnish me any others you can spare. You have with your Lady my best wishes. Yr. friend & \u27e8servt.\u27e9\nJos: \u27e8Jones\u27e9", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0283", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Innes, 5 November 1794\nFrom: Innes, James\nTo: Madison, James\nmy dear Sir\nWednesday one oClock Nov 5th. [1794]\nSince I saw you this morning it has been communicated to me as the wish of the president that I should spend this afternoon with him\u2014as he is more at leisure than he probably may be hereafter to communicate to me the objects of my Western mission. I take the liberty therefore of sending you my apology for not waiting upon you on to day which I hope may be considerd in its proper light\u2014and not viewed as a mark of Inattention from one, who will never fail to be with the most sincere respect & Esteem yr friend & Sert\nJas: Innes.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-10-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0286", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 10 November 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nHon\u2019d Sir\nPhilada. Novr. 10. 1794\nMy last was as far back as the return of Sam from Harewood. I have postponed writing untill the Session should commence for two reasons. One you will readily conjecture: The other that I might inclose the introductory proceedings. From the want of a Quorum of Senators, these have not yet taken place. It was expected that the defect would be supplied to day. Whether it will be or not I cannot yet say. We have no late information from England. The first communication with Jay which has been published in our gazettes, was dry & equivocal on the part of Ld. Grenville. It is thought however that his mission will not be without effect; especially if the French successes continue to alarm the British Govt. Another favorable circumstance is the naval equipment by Denmark & Sweeden. The former has 30 sail of the line in service. You will have seen Monroe\u2019s reception by the Natl. Convention. This is all the acct. recd. with respect to him; no letters public or private having yet come to hand. The Western insurgents appear to have been brought either by reflection or fear to a perfect submission to the laws. By a vessel which sailed yesterday for Fredg. I have sent you a barrl. of Sugar containg 112 lb. The price \u00a35.12. Pa. Curry. It is very high, but the quality very good. It was not to be got cheaper, & as I knew of your disappt. thro\u2019 Mr. Hite, I thought it best to secure a supply limited to that quantity. The same vessel carries another Barrl. with 1\u00bd bushls. of Red Clover seed, which I wish you to make Sawney sow in Feby. on the old mountain field. There will be eno\u2019 for the whole field whether in Wheat or Rye, and he will so distribute it as to make it hold out. It is to be sown on the top of the Wheat or Rye, taking advantage of a snow if there be one particularly just before it melts. But this circumstance is by no means essential, and ought not to retard the sowing beyond the last of that Month. The price of wheat here has been up at 12/. P. C. & flour \u00a33. It is not so high at present but is not much below it; and the purchase is pretty spirited. I expected to have inclosed the letter from Dolley promised in my last but must wait till the next post. She has written it; but an interruption at the moment of sending this to the Office; prevents her letting me have it in time, and the delay of a moment may lose the oppy. altogether. We have both been well since our arrival here. She joins all her affections to mine, for my mother & yourself. Yr. dutiful son\nJs. Madison Jr.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0287", "content": "Title: Admission of a New Congressman, [11 November] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[11 November 1794]\n   On 13 April John Francis Mercer of Maryland resigned his House seat, and during the recess Gabriel Duvall was elected to the vacancy. On 7 November the House referred Duvall\u2019s credentials to the Standing Committee of Elections. On 11 November Murray objected to reading the committee\u2019s report before admitting Duvall.\nMr. Madison was for the report being read. It would only delay the admission of the gentleman for a few minutes. It was therefore better to receive it, and then take him in. There was a question, if Mr. Mercer was now to appear before the house, could he take his seat? Mr. Madison would not undertake to answer the question. It was a delicate one. He would have the report read. If it was favourable, act as concurring with it. If not so, lay it aside, and admit the member from Maryland to qualify without taking any notice of it.\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 12 Nov. 1794 (also reported in Gazette of the U.S., 11 Nov. 1794, and Dunlap and Claypoole\u2019s Am. Daily Advertiser, 12 Nov. 1794).\n[11 November 1794]\n   Parker spoke in favor of Murray\u2019s objection.\nMr. Madison was still for reading the report of the committee. His object was to accelerate the reception of the Gentleman, which would inevitably and properly take place. If the House were to admit him to qualify, without first reading the report, it might hereafter be asked, Why was a report made at all, when the House refuse to read it? It might, on a future occasion, be said, \u201cPerhaps that report has been unfavourable, and the House have contradicted the report of their own committee.\u201d\n   Philadelphia Gazette, 12 Nov. 1794 (also reported in Gazette of the U.S., 11 Nov. 1794). Murray waived his objection, the report was read, and the House admitted Duvall to his seat.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0289", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Killian K. Van Rensselaer, 14 November 1794\nFrom: Rensselaer, Killian K. Van\nTo: Madison, James\nDr Sir\nAlbany Novr. 14th. 1794.\nThe Bearer Robert S. Van Rensselaer (son of Coll. Philip Van Rensselaer) has it in contemplation to make a tour through some part of Europe, he is a young Gentleman of respectability and Character and Recommend him to you as such. His father will evince his Gr\u27e8at\u27e9itude to you & I will consider myself under obligations also, if you will furnish him with letters to Mr. Munro & Mr. Pinckney in Europe, with whom I have no acquaintance.\nChancellor Livingston & Coll. Burr have both interested themselves in obtaining letters, and I must beg the favour of your attention to this request also. I am Dr. Sir with Sentiments of Esteem Yours\nK. K. Van Rensselaer", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0292", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 16 November 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Novr. 16. 1794.\nI have recd. your two favors of Ocr. 30 & Novr. 6, the former not in time to be answered on Monday last. Mazzei\u2019s claim on Dorhman is \u00a32000 N. Y. Currency, with interest at 7 per Ct. from Novr. 1788. It is secured by a Deed of Trust empowering me to sell a tract of land granted to Mr. D. by an Act of Congress of Octr. 1. 1787. (see Journals of that date). Mr. Randolph thinks that a Court of Equity would not interfere with a summary execution of the trust. I hear nothing from Dorhman; nor can even say whether he is still in N. York. I have mentioned to Mr. R. the books and he has promised to let me have them. Judge Wilson is on the Southn. Circuit, and I suppose the volumes in his hands can not be got till he returns. I will however make the trial. The gentleman by whom they are to be sent to you has not yet made his appearance.\nThe Senate having not yet a Quorum I cannot send you the P.\u2019s Speech. You will have seen by the papers that the Western Scene is closed. H. is still with the army. You will perceive his colouring on all the documents which have been published during his Mentorship to the commander in cheif. When I first arrived here the conversation ran high for a standing army to enforce the laws. It is said the Militia will all return with the same doctrine in their mouths. I have no doubt that such an innovation will be attempted in earnest during the session, if circumstances should be favorable. It is probable however that the P. will not embark in the measure; and that the fear of alarming N. England will be another obstacle.\nThe elections for the next Congs. are generally over except in Virginia & N. Carola. & N. York. In N. Hampshire the choice is much the same. In Masshts. there has been a violent contest in most of the districts. All that will probably be gained is a spirit of enquiry & competition in that quarter. Ames is re-elected after the most unparall[el]ed exertions & calumnies in his favor, and according to report by the addl. aid of bad votes. Dexter is to run a second heat but will probably succeed. Sedgwick\u2019s fate is not known. The chance is said to be in his favor; but it is agreed that he will be well sweated. As he has not yet appeared, he is probably nursing his declining popularity during the crisis. From N. Y. we are promised at least half of the new representatives for the republican scale. N. Jersey has lost old Clarke who will no doubt be replaced by a successor of other sentiments. In this State, the election, notwithstanding its inauspicious circumstances, is more republican than the last. Nine at least out of thirteen are counted on the right side; among them Swanwick in the room of Fitzimmons, a stunning change for the aristocracy. Maryland pretty much as heretofore. I shd. have first noted that in Delaware Patten the Republican ex-member, is chosen by a large Majority. The representation of Maryland will vary little from the present. In S. C. Smith has been carryed by the British merchants in Charleston & their d[e]btors in the Country, in spite of the Rutledges & Pinkney\u2019s who set up agst. him Jno. Rutlege jur. Tucker was also a candidate. Smith had a majority of all the votes. In general the changes also in that State will be for the worse. The death of Gillon has made way for Barnwell if he chuses to step in. Hunter also is out; but it is said his successor (a Mr. Harper) will be a valuable acquisition, being sound able & eloquent. The prospects for the Senate are\u2014the reelection of Langdon for N. H. The election of Payne, an incognitum, in place of Bradley for Vermont who appears to have been out of favor with both parties\u2014the reelection of King in N. Y. owing to the death of 2 Repubn. members of the State Legislature\u2014the chance of a Republican successor to R Morris, said to be a good one; a like chance in Delaware. In Maryland the Chance is bad, but nothing worse than the present delegation is to [be] apprehended. Potts has resigned, & Henry it is supposed will either withdraw or be rejected. The event in Virga. you will know. The information from N. C. is not decisive, but favorable; the same as to S. C. Izard has relinquished his pretensions. In Georgia the question lies between Gun & Telfair. The former it is thought will be rechosen.\nI must refer to Newspapers which I suppose you occasionally see from Richd. for the posture of things in Europe. In general they are extremely favorable to F. and alarming to all the Sovereigns of Europe. England seems still bent notwithstanding, on the war. She is now to subsidize the Emperor as well as the K. of Prussia. Accordg. to the intelligence handed to the public it would seem that the humiliating memorial of Jay inspires less contempt, than the French victories do terror, and that the tone towards this Country will be much changed. It is even intimated that satisfactory arrangements will be made on most, if not all the points in question. Not a line official or private from Monroe. His enthusiastic reception you will have seen.\nPrices here are very different from those you mention. Wheat at 12/\u2013 Corn 6/6. Beef at 8d. & other things in proportion. House Rent 50 PerCt. higher than last Winter. Mrs. M. offers her best returns to you. Always & affecy. Yours\nJs. Madison", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0293", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Jones, 16 November 1794\nFrom: Jones, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nDr. Sr.\nFredg. 16th. Novr. 1794.\nYour favor of the 7th. I received on Friday evening on my return from Richmond. I am in hopes the China has got safe and sound to hand. I have not heard from Mr. Randolph but take for granted what you mention that the bill will be paid as he had accepted it. I promised no further application should be made untill we heard from Monroe although my engagements for him and some small balances due from him when he went away will not well admit of delay. Certainly we shall hear from him by the French Corvette lately arrived at Baltimore with it is said despatches for the Minister. Mr. Jay\u2019s representation was not in the stile of firm demand for compensation for injuries done to our citizens but rather supplicating the benevolence of his Britannic Majesty for relief. What his Powers or instructions were I know not but if they were such as to justify the language of his representation they merit contempt rather than applause. Grenville\u2019s answer is a palpable evasion of justice or rather a dishonourable denial of it. The injuries have been done under the authority of the nation. The nation therefore shod. redress them. Can Americans expect justice from the Courts while the acts of the King in Council are the rule of decision? After the Courts have decided shod. there be Occasion for the interference of the governmt. Then it may be proper to appt. Comrs. who in concert with American Comr. are to discuss the measures and principles on which the business is to be finally settled, very civil and satisfactory indeed. Who is to supply the Chief Justices place in the Courts in the mean time for I think it will require some years to get through the work or is Mr. Jay to continue our Envoy with the emoluments of that Office superadded to those of Chief justice in which Character he does nothing to intitle him to payment. I hope the Republican interest in the legislature will be strengthened from the North, as it is in danger of loosing support from the South by a late election, or at least of gaining nothing from that quarter. Wise is chosen Speaker. Harvie got only 19 votes for the chair. Who will be the Senator or Senators (for they say Taylor will certainly resign) is very uncertain\u2014there are many spoken of Tazewell, C Lee Corbin, Harvie, Dawson W. Nicholas\u2014also yourself and Giles. Some say Henry is willing to serve as Govr. Shod. the fact be ascertained he will be elected, otherwise the contest will I expect rest bet. Brooke & Wood. The first will probably succeed. I have tried all over the Town for Hams, there are none. Some midlings & a few shoulders alone can be got. Mrs. Willis sometimes has bacon to sell I have requested her Brother who dines with her to day to inquire, and let me know\u2014if any they shall be secured. I am Yr. friend & Servt.\nJos: Jones.\nP. S. Mrs. Willis has no bacon to spare. I shall make further inquiry for bacon.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0294", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 17 November 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nDear & Hond Sir\nPhilada. Novr. 17. 1794\nI now inclose the letter omitted in my last. We have not had the pleasure of a single line from Orange since yours recd. just before leaving Berkeley. I hope it will not be long before our expectation is gratified on this point; and that you will be able to tell us all that we wish in favor of the re-establishment of my mothers health and the continuation of your own. I shall be glad also to have a word added with respect to matters at my two Farms. In my last I informed you of my having sent 1 \u00bd bushls. of Clover seed for the field at Sawney\u2019s where Wheat was sowed among Corn. The barrel containing it, with another containing 112 lb. Sugar for you were consigned to Mr. Anderson. I hope both will have arrived safe.\nThe Senate have not yet a Quorum, and of Course the business of the Session can hardly be said to be commenced, nothing being done, but some small matters in the H. of Reps. which made a Quorum the 2d. day. The army sent agst. the Insurgents is announced to be on the return, the object of their destination being accomplished. The accounts from Europe shew more & more the irres[is]tible force of the French armies & the distresses of their combined Enemies. From England the information tho\u2019 not decisive is favorable to the views of this Country. Not a word official or private is yet come to hand from Col. Monroe. The enthusiastic reception given him by the Natl. Convention was communicated thro\u2019 the foreign Newspapers. Wheat has been as high as 12/6. It is now about 12/. where the weight & quality are good. Did Fraily attend according to promise and what has been done towards the Mill? I hope at least that a legal commencement of the work has not failed. Yr. Affee. son\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0296", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Jones, 19 November 1794\nFrom: Jones, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nDr. Sr.\nFredg. 19th. Novr. 1794.\nI have your favors of the 12th. and 14th. of the month with the Papers inclosed. It is somewhat strange we have no letters public or private from Monroe when so many opportunities have offered since his arrival and in particular the Corvette arrived at Baltimore with despatches for the Minister of France. The Republic appears to pursue her victories in all quarters and to bid fair to vanquish the violence of party at home\u2014the removal from the Com: of public safety of those Members who appeared to be contending for controul may establish unanimity and moderation in their councils. If it shall not abate the enthusiasm of the people for Liberty, and cool the ardor of the Armies the policy which they profess to adopt in the interior cannot fail to produce happy effects. The head important in Baches paper does not open to my view any well founded hope or prospect of a speedy or successfull issue of Mr. Jays negociation. The Pensylvania or at least the Philadelphia election seems to have Run in favor of the Republican party. I lament that Ames has outvoted Ja[r]vis. Wheat here is 6/ & 6/3. The Merchants say they have lately suffered mu\u27e8c\u27e9h by some shipments to Baltimore in consequence of the wheats heating in the vessell, the quality of wheat is generally bad and slovenly managed. The promptitud\u27e8e\u27e9 of the militia in turning out to support the laws will I hope be a stumbling block to the advocates for a standing Army. Not being able to procure you any bacon I send you half my remaining stock. They are small and may serve as a relish. Yr. friend & Servt\nJos: Jones.\nThere is a vessell now loading for Philaa. on board of which I will send the package and will by next post inform you her name & the Commander wch. at present I do not know.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0297", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Jones, 21 November 1794\nFrom: Jones, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nDr. Sr.\nFredg. 21t. Novr. 1794.\nThe inclosed paper will inform you on board what vessell and to whom consigned the small cask I send you goes\u2014it contains Anthony informs me four gammon and one shoulder. I wish I could have sent you more and larger peices but you must be content with what and such as they are. I set out in the morning for Loudoun and Albemarle and shall not return in less than 8 or 10 days. Your letters to me in Fredericksg. I shall receive on my return. Health and happiness attend you. Tazewell and S. T. Mason I hear are the Senators to Congress. Yr. friend & Servt.\nJos: Jones.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0298", "content": "Title: Address of the House of Representatives to the President, [21 November] 1794\nFrom: House of Representatives\nTo: Washington, George\n[21 November 1794]\nThe House of Representatives calling to mind the blessings enjoyed by the people of the United States, and especially the happiness of living under Constitutions and laws which rest on their Authority alone, could not learn with other emotions than those you have expressed, that any part of our fellow Citizens should have shewn themselves capable of an insurrection.\nWe feel with you the deepest regret at so painful an occurrence in the annals of our country. As men regardful of the tender interests of humanity, we look with grief, at scenes which might have stained our land with civil blood. As lovers of public order, we lament that it has suffered so flagrant a violation: as zealous friends of republican government, we deplore every occasion, which in the hands of its enemies, may be turned into a calumny against it.\nThis aspect of the crisis, however, is happily not the only one, which it presents. There is another which yields all the consolations which you have drawn from it. It has demonstrated to the candid world, as well as to the American people themselves, that the great body of them, every where, are equally attached to the luminous and vital principle of our constitution, which enjoins that the will of the majority shall prevail: that they understand the indissoluble union between true liberty and regular government; that they feel their duties no less than they are watchful over their rights; that they will [be] as ready, at all times, to crush licentiousness, as they have been to defeat usurpation: in a word, that they are capable of carrying into execution, that noble plan of self government, which they have chosen as the guarantee of their own happiness, and the asylum for that, of all from every clime, who may wish to unite their destiny with ours.\nThese are the just inferences from the promp[t]itude with which the summons to the standard of the laws has been obeyed; and from sentiments which have been witnessed in every description of citizens, in every quarter of the Union. The spectacle therefore when viewed in its true light may well be affirmed to display in equal lustre, the virtues of the American character, and the value of Republican government. All must particularly acknowledge and applaud the patriotism of that portion of citizens who have freely sacrificed every thing less dear than the love of their country, to the meritorious task of defending its happiness.\nIn the part which you have yourself borne through this delicate and distressing period, we trace the additional proofs it has afforded of your solicitude for the public good. Your laudable and successful endeavors to render lenity in executing the laws conducive to their real energy, and to convert tumult into order without the effusion of blood, form a particular title to the confidence and praise of your constituents. In all that may be found necessary, on our part to complete this benevolent purpose, and to secure ministers and friends of the laws against the remains of danger, our due co-operation will be afforded.\nThe other subjects which you have recommended, or communicated, and of which several are peculiarly interesting, will all receive the attention which they demand. We shall on this, as on all occasions, be disposed to adopt every measure which may advance the safety and prosperity of our Country. In nothing can we more cordially unite with you, than in imploring the supreme Ruler of Nations to multiply his blessings on these United States: to guard our free and happy Constitution against every machination and danger; and to make it the best source of public happiness, by verifying its character of being the best safeguard of human rights.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0300", "content": "Title: House Address to the President, [24 November] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[24 November 1794]\n   The Committee of the Whole took up the House\u2019s reply to the president that JM had reported. Dayton moved an amendment concerning Indian and military policy (see Address of the House of Representatives to the President, 21 Nov. 1794, n. 3).\nMr. Madison observed, that it had been the wish of the committee who framed the address to avoid entering into the minuti\u00e6 of the speech, lest their answer should exceed the usual limits. However as it seemed a wish to amplify in some particular parts, perhaps it would not be amiss to glance at the policy observed towards foreign nations. He therefore wished to add, to the motion made, if the original mover had no objection that it should be tacked to it, a clause to the following purport: \u201cSolicitous also as we are for the preservation of peace with all nations we cannot otherwise than warmly approve of a policy in our foreign transactions, which never loses sight of that blessing.\u201d\n   Aurora General Advertiser, 25 Nov. 1794 (reprinted in Dunlap and Claypoole\u2019s Am. Daily Advertiser, 26 Nov. 1794; also reported in Gazette of the U.S., 25 Nov. 1794, Philadelphia Gazette, 25 Nov. 1794, and Independent Gazetteer, 26 and 29 Nov. 1794).\n   This amendment responded to the following section of Washington\u2019s annual address to Congress: \u201cMy policy in our foreign transactions has been, to cultivate peace with all the world; to observe treaties with pure and absolute faith; to check every deviation from the line of impartiality; to explain what may have been misapprehended, and correct what may have been injurious to any nation; and having thus acquired the right, to lose no time in acquiring the ability, to insist upon justice being done to ourselves\u201d (Fitzpatrick, Writings of WashingtonJohn C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of\n          George Washington, from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745\u20131799 (39 vols.;\n[24 November 1794]\n   Smith (New Hampshire) and Hillhouse proposed further amendments. The committee approved Dayton\u2019s amendment after separating it from JM\u2019s. JM \u201cproposed an alteration in the latter part of the amendment he had offered, and to make it read \u2018\u2014which keeps in view as well the maintenance of our national rights as the continuance of that blessing\u2019\u201d (Aurora General Advertiser, 25 Nov. 1794). In debate Republicans supported JM\u2019s amendment because it approved the stated objectives of Washington\u2019s foreign policy without endorsing specific aspects such as Jay\u2019s mission. Federalists criticized it because it avoided a general approval of the president\u2019s policy.\nMr. Madison conceived the clause as he offered it perfectly explicit and unequivocal. The President says, that peace has been his object, it is proposed that the house shall say in answer that that is the policy they wish pursued also, and the amendment he proposed, he was of opinion, did this unequivocally.\n   Aurora General Advertiser, 26 Nov. 1794 (reprinted in Dunlap and Claypoole\u2019s Am. Daily Advertiser, 27 Nov. 1794; also reported in Gazette of the U.S., 25 Nov. 1794, Philadelphia Gazette, 25 Nov. 1794, and Independent Gazetteer, 29 Nov. 1794).\n   Debate became extremely divisive. Tracy urged JM \u201crather to withdraw his motion of amendment altogether than bring it forward at such an expence of the good temper of the house. The present session had commenced with good auspices, and much cordiality, and he would be extremely sorry to disturb this tranquility.\u201d JM \u201csaid that he felt sensibly the force of the remarks made by the gentleman who was last up\u201d and therefore withdrew his amendment (Philadelphia Gazette, 25 Nov. 1794).", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0301", "content": "Title: House Address to the President, [27 November] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[27 November 1794]\n   After JM withdrew his amendment concerning foreign policy, FitzSimons proposed an amendment that denounced the \u201cself-created societies.\u201d This provoked an extended and heated debate in the Committee of the Whole, which approved Giles\u2019s motion to strike out the words \u201cself-created societies\u201d (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 2d sess., 898\u201399, 907\u20138, 914). On 26 and 27 November the House considered reinstating those words.\nMr. Madison\u2014said he entirely agreed with those gentlemen who had observed that the house should not have advanced into this discussion, if it could have been avoided\u2014but having proceeded thus far it was indispensably necessary to finish it.\nMuch delicacy had been thrown into the discussion, in consequence of the chief magistrate; he always regretted the circumstance, when this was the case.\nThis he observed, was not the first instance of difference in opinion between the President and this house. It may be recollected that the President dissented both from the Senate and this House on a particular law (he referred to that apportioning the representatives)\u2014on that occasion he thought the President right. On the present question, supposing the President really to entertain the opinion ascribed to him, it affords no conclusive reason for the House to sacrifice its own judgment.\nIt appeared to him, as it did to the gentleman from Georgia, that there was an innovation in the mode of procedure adopted, on this occasion. The house are on different ground from that usually taken\u2014members seem to think that in cases not cognizable by law, there is room for the interposition of the House. He conceived it to be a sound principle that an action innocent in the eye of the law, could not be the object of censure to a legislative body. When the people have formed a constitution, they retain those rights which they have not expressly delegated. It is a question whether what is thus retained can be legislated upon. Opinions are not the objects of legislation. You animadvert on the abuse of reserved rights\u2014how far will this go? It may extend to the liberty of speech and of the press.\nIt is in vain to say that this indiscriminate censure is no punishment. If it falls on classes or individuals it will be a severe punishment. He wished it to be considered how extremely guarded the constitution was in respect to cases not within its limits. Murder or treason cannot be noticed by the legislature. Is not this proposition, if voted, a vote of attainder? To consider a principle, we must try its nature, and see how far it will go; in the present case he considered the effects of the principle contended for, would be pernicious. If we advert to the nature of republican government, we shall find that the censorial power is in the people over the government, and not in the government over the people.\nAs he had confidence in the good sense and patriotism of the people, he did not anticipate any lasting evil to result from the publications of these societies; they will stand or fall by the public opinion; no line can be drawn in this case. The law is the only rule of right; what is consistent with that is not punishable; what is not contrary to that, is innocent, or at least not censurable by the legislative body.\nWith respect to the body of the people, (whether the outrages have proceeded from weakness or wickedness) what has been done, and will be done by the Legislature will have a due effect. If the proceedings of the government should not have an effect, will this declaration produce it? The people at large are possessed of proper sentiments on the subject of the insurrection\u2014the whole continent reprobates the conduct of the insurgents, it is not therefore necessary to take the extra step. The press he believed would not be able to shake the confidence of the people in the government. In a republic, light will prevail over darkness, truth over error\u2014he had undoubted confidence in this principle. If it be admitted that the law cannot animadvert on a particular case, neither can we do it. Governments are administered by men\u2014the same degree of purity does not always exist. Honesty of motives may at present prevail\u2014but this affords no assurance that it will always be the case\u2014at a future period a Legislature may exist of a very different complexion from the present; in this view, we ought not by any vote of ours to give support to measures which now we do not hesitate to reprobate. The gentleman from Georgia had anticipated him in several remarks\u2014no such inference can fairly be drawn as that we abandon the President, should we pass over the whole business. The vote passed this morning for raising a force to compleat the good work of peace order and tranquility begun by the executive, speaks quite a different language from that which has been used to induce an adoption of the principle contended for.\nMr. Madison adverted to precedents\u2014none parallel to the subject before us existed. The inquiry into the failure of the expedition under St. Clair was not in point. In that case the house appointed a Committee of enquiry into the conduct of an individual in the public service\u2014the democratic societies are not. He knew of nothing in the proceedings of the Legislature which warrants the house in saying that institutions, confessedly not illegal, were subjects of legislative censure.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0302", "content": "Title: To James Madison from George Nicholas, 29 November 1794\nFrom: Nicholas, George\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir,\nNovr. 29th. 94.\nI am indebted to you for your two last agreeable and friendly favors; the acknowledgment of that debt would not have been so long postponed, if [it] had not been from an expectation of collecting some thing worthy your attention. But after waiting some months I find the present moment as barren of important intelligence as any preceeding one.\nOur campaign has ended, and altho no calamity has befallen our army, it is certain that they have gained no great or signal advantage. The official account which represented the engagement as an important and brilliant victory obtained over the united force of the indians and Canadians with the loss of hundreds to the enemy, has gradually diminished until it is said that the enemy had not more than 700 combatants in the field, and that they did not lose more than 30 or 40 of them. It will remain for you to calculate and determine whether such a victory is a sufficient compensation for the expence incurred: and others ought to reflect whether the additional experience of this year will not be sufficient to prove beyond all doubt that the present mode of conducting the war is an improper one.\nBut the expences and consequences of our little movements will be so inconsiderable when compared with those of the army nearer to you, that I suppose little will be said or thought of them. The army has exhibited a spectacle which I never expected to have lived to see; 20,000 american citizens drawn into the field to act against their fellow citizens: and what is still more strange a great part of them volunteers. Men must be far advanced into that state which will make them proper objects for slavery, when they place such a blind reliance on any man\u2019s judgment or representations, as to be induced to offer their services to be the butchers of their countrymen. And that is a strange and inconsistent law which will not put it in the power of the President to call out the militia to enforce the laws when he shall judge it proper, but authorizes him to do it, when one of his servants, shall suppose it to be necessary upon ex parte information laid before him by order of the President: and by this means put it in the power of the President to do it when he pleases without being responsible for it\u2019s being improperly done. If he is to be responsible for the late movement it is impossible that he can justify the levying and marching such an army upon such an occasion. If it was proper for government to have resorted to an armed force before the other powers had been sufficiently used, two hundred men would have been as adequate to the task as the 20,000. But it may be said that the information which was received by the executive of the situation of that country caused him to entertain a different opinion. If the event has proved that information to be false, he was in fault not to have obtained better: there cannot be a greater defect in the executive of any government, than to place it\u2019s confidence on improper persons in the first instance and afterwards to act from an implicit confidence in their false uncandid and partial representations.\nI feel the truth of these observations the more forcibly because I have good reason to believe that the public opinion in your part of America, respecting the intentions of the inhabitants of this country, has been formed upon information of the kind above mentioned. Is it not generally believed with you that it is our wish and intention to seperate from the Union, and that our navigation is only made use of as a pretext to enable us to execute our real designs? If this idea is taken up to the eastward it must have proceeded either from conjectures formed there without any thing to justify them; or upon opinions formed upon false information from this quarter. I can with great truth assure you that as far as I know or believe no such wish or intention does prevail here; and I am satisfied that such an attempt would be opposed by 99 out of 100 of the people. All that we want is to be put upon an equal footing with our fellow citizens in the enjoyment and protection of our most undoubted and invaluable rights: the only means which we mean to use for their attainment are proper and constitutional representations to those whose duty it is to obtain them for us. The rights are sufficiently important to engross our whole attention; and these not having been properly attended to heretofore will justify the warmest representations that we can now make on this subject. No secret purpose ought to be supposed to influence our conduct when the ostensible one is alone sufficient to justify it. If it should still be thought that there is a secret purpose covered by this ostensible object, remove the cause of complaint, and then if the complaint itself is not at an end I will agree that the opinion is well founded. Put us upon the same footing with the other free men in America and I pledge myself that time will show that we are at least as much attached to the American government as any part of it\u2019s citizens. This must necessarily be the case if we consider only our own local interests. For we are more exposed than any other part of the government and therefore in greater want of the aid of a powerful government. But if we are to be subject to all the inconveniences which attend the being a member of that government, and enjoy none of the advantages which ought to follow that connexion, we then pay the price without receiving the considerations: how long we may continue to be satisfied in that situation is more than I can undertake to determine. As our attachment to the american government is founded on a conviction that it is to the interest of every part of that government to continue united, and that it is peculiarly the interest of this part of it, as long as the government is conducted on those general principles on which it is founded, it will only be necessary for the government to act up to those principles to insure a continuance of that attachment. My political creed on this subject is short and I believe is similar to that of most people in this country.\nI believe that we have an undoubted right to the navigation of the western waters;\nthat we cannot exist as a people without the uninterrupted enjoyment of that right;\nthat the Spaniards will never permit us to enjoy that right without compulsion;\nthat it is not the wish or the interest of the greater part of America that we should enjoy this right;\nthat it is the duty of the genl. government to obtain for us this right at every hazard;\nthat they have power sufficient to effect it;\nand that if they do not obtain it for us, that we shall be at full liberty to use our own strength to obtain it, as soon as we shall be convinced that that strength is adequate to the purpose.\nAs a citizen of America I felt myself much interested in the success of the commercial resolutions which you introduced at the last session of Congress; and as much disappointed at their not being finally adopted. The question involved on them was unconnected with the temporary measures which were necessary for the existing moment. Indeed that very crisis proved the propriety of the principle you advocated as nothing else could prevent our being thrown into a similar situation at the pleasure of any government stronger than we are at sea. The art of the opposite party in advocating the temporary measures in exclusion of your\u2019s is obvious. Persevere; the true public interest must finally be seen and will prevail: besides the importance of this question of itself; the urging of it will have a greater tendency to open the eyes of the people of the eastern states to the conduct and policy of their representatives in Congress than every other question put together which ever will be agitated in Congress. As long as they can persuade their people that the southern members are inimical to the general government; that their conduct proceeds from that disposition; and that the opposition of the eastern members to their measures proceeds from a proper degree of attachment to that government, they will be safe. But once satisfy the people that their representatives have opposed a measure which is not only essentially necessary to the prosperity of America as a nation, but peculiarly so to their part of America, and they will see immediately the pernicous tendency of their measures, and change them for men of different principles.\nI shall be happy in hearing from you as often as your leisure will permit; and am with the greatest respect and esteem, Dr. Sir, yr. most obdt. servt.\nG: Nicholas.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0303", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 30 November 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Novr. 30. 94\nMr. Fleming has been here & set out on his return yesterday. I did not however know of his arrival till a very short time before his departure. Contrary to your expectation he returns by land, not with his goods. On this acct. added to the lateness of the Season, and my not being able to get all your books, I concluded it would be best to put off sending what I could get, till the Spring, when they can all be sent together, and perhaps be less exposed to accidents. The books in the hands of Wilson could not be obtained in his absence. And Mr. R. has not been able yet to find the Book on Mineralogy left with him. You will see by the inclosed that you are to receive a sett of Chalmer\u2019s Treaties. I send you the letter to me accompanying it, for the sake of the references which if correct may deserve notice; tho\u2019 they come from a Quarter not very learned one would suppose on such subjects. You will be so good as to return the letter, as I am yet to answer it.\nThe attack on the most sacred principle of our Constitution and of Republicanism, thro\u2019 the Democratic Societies, has given rise to much discussion in the H. of Reps. and has left us in a critical situation. You will have seen the P.\u2019s Speech. The answer of the Senate was hurried thro\u2019, with the most full and emphatic eccho of the denunciation of these Societies. In the mean time the answer of the H. of Reps. tho\u2019 prepared & reported without any loss of time, was, contrary to usage, printed for consideration, and put off from Friday, till monday. On the intervening saturday, the Senate presented them, which with the P.\u2019s reply was immediately out in the Newspapers. I refer for both to the Richd. Newspapers which you will probably have seen. The answer of the H. of Reps. both as reported & as agreed to are inclosed. The Come. consisted of Sedgwick Scott & myself. The draught was made as strong as possible on all proper points, in order the better to get it thro\u2019, without the improper one. This succeeded in the Come.; Scott concurring in the expediency of silence on that; tho\u2019 in the House he changed his ground. When the report was taken up on Monday Fitzimmons moved \u201cto reprobate the self-created Societies &c. which tho\u2019 in strictness not illegal, contributed by their proceedings to mislead the weak & ignorant.\u201d This opened the debate which you will no doubt have an oppy. of reading in the Virga. papers if you chuse. It so happens that I can not send them by the mail. The argts. in favor of the motion fell with equal weight on the press & every mode of animadverting on public men & measures. After some time the proposition was new modelled, and in a less pointed shape underwent discussion for several days. On the first question wch. tried the sense of the House, the division was 47 agst. 45. for the usurped power. This was in a Committee of the whole. On a renewal of the same question in the House the decision was reversed by 47 in the affirmative & 45 in the negative. A motion was then made to limit the censure to the Societies within the scene of insurrection, which was carried by the casting vote of the Speaker. In this form the whole proposition was abandoned. This was on thursday. On friday, it being foreseen that some evil accomodation would come from the other side & succeed, It was proposed by Mr. Nicholas to insert the sentence which distinguishes the first \u00b6 of the Answer agreed to, from the Report. An attempt was made to add \u201c& self created Societies,\u201d after \u201ccombinations,\u201d but it had so little prospect of success that it was withdrawn. The Answer was presented on saturday, and rec\u2019d the reply in the inclosed paper, which you will be at no loss to understand. The Republicans were considered by their opponents as rather victorious by the result in the House. The reply of the P. is claimed by the latter as a final triumph on their side; and it is probable that so it will prove. You will easily conceive my situation thro\u2019 this whole business. It was obvious that a most dangerous game was playing agst. Republicanism. The insurrection was universally & deservedly odious. The Democratic Societies were presented as in league with it. The Republican part of Congs. were to be drawn into an ostensible, patronage of those Societies, and into an ostensible opposition to the President. And by this artifice the delusion of N. Engld. was to be confirmed, and a chance afforded of some new turn in Virga. before the elections in the Spring. What the success of this game will really be, time must decide. If the people of America are so far degenerated already as not to see or to see with indifference, that the Citadel of their liberties is menaced by the precedent before their eyes, they require abler advocates than they now have, to save them from the consequences. Lengthy as the debate was, I took but little part in it; and that little is very erroneously as well as defectively stated in the Newspapers. No private letters from Monroe. An official one of Sepr. 15\u2014speaks of the utmost prosperity at home\u2014of the irresistable discipline & enthusiasm of their armies, and of the most unalterable affection to this Country. All that is given out from Jay\u2019s negotiation is in favr. of some advantageous result. How is your Rheumatism\u2014& Mr. Randolph\u2019s complaint?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0304", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Monroe, 30 November 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nParis Novr. 30th. 1794.\nBy not hearing from you before this I conclude I shall not untill after you shall have commenc\u2019d the session in Phila. Indeed I calculate upon hearing at the same time from Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Jones, for surely they will not decline writing by you to be forwarded thence with your communications. I therefore wait the lapse of sufficient time to bring yr. letters here with that kind of patience which arises from a conviction I shall not get them sooner. You will I presume be able at the same time to give me a good idea of the prospect before you, and which I conclude has become more decisively settled, in regard to the European powers, than when I left you: for surely the publick mind has before this expressed itself, in this respect, with such a degree of force, as to have left no alternative to the representative.\nI gave you in my last, wh. contained several sheets, a detail of the incidents up to that date, with respect to the general state of affrs. here as well as of those which more particularly regarded myself. The interval between that & the present time, presents to view a series of events favorable to France, both in her internal & external operations. The fall of Robertspiere bequeathed to the convention the remnant of a controversy, whose fortune seemed to be marked by that event. The issue at stake with him was, whether the party of the mountain and which was in truth always the minority in the convention, or in other words the Jacobins whose principal members consisted of that party, connected with the military force & commune of the city (who were likewise all of that society) shod. by means of terror, for as they had the force of the city in their hands they could at pleasure & legally put it in motion, or the majority in the convention shod. govern France. His fate settled the point: in that respect, but yet it did not give entire repose to the country. As only the principal members of the party were cut off it was natural that those who were left shod. still be disquieted; it was likewise natural that many of those in the preponderating party, should be well disposed in gratification of private revenge, to pursue the advantage they had gained and endeavor to exterpate all their enemies. I am happy however to assure you, that no event has taken place which in any respect discredits the councils of the country: on the contrary I infer from what has passed the happiest result for the future. The mountain party in convention & more especially in the Jacobin society have done much to provoke the indignation of the convention, but the indignation of the publick mind has constantly preceded that of that body, if indeed it can be said to have shewn any. It has in no instance taken any step which was not previously marked out & called for by the publick voice. In the extremities of this society, which was exciting by all kind of practices, commotions thro\u2019 the country, it at length yeilded to solicitations from many quarters to shut its door in Paris; and to similar solicitations & denunciations from every quarter, it has likewise yeilded, after solemn discussion, & in the most formal manner, one of its members, to trial before the revolutionary tribunal; one Carrere a man infamous for every possible vice & enormity and which were perpetrated in his mission to Nantes.\nThere was a strong disposition in the preponderating party not to proceed to this extremity agnst the Jacobins of Paris, from the apprehension it might be deemed an incroachment upon the essential rights of men, establishing in that respect a dangerous precedent, but as it was in truth in a state of rebellion agnst the convention, and it was manifest that if it prevailed the representative body would be annihilated, and complete disorder insue, there seemed to be a necessity for that body to adopt a remedy commensurate with the evil. None would be so but that of shutting up their door and which was accordingly done, and since which things have remained in a state of tranquility.\nWhether any other members of the late dominant party will be executed for I take it for granted Carrere will be is in my opinion doubtful. If any have committed enormities in their missions thro\u2019 the country like him they certainly ought to be. There was obviously a belief existing generally upon my arrival, that some of the old committee of p: safety merited the fate of Robertspiere, but it was equally obvious that a majority were of opinion it were best to cultivate the esteem of the world, by sheathing the sword of justice & suffering even villains to escape. I was therefore persuaded it would be practicable to suspend the guillotin at that point, yeilding to it only such men as Carrere, and whose punishment would tend to retrieve the injurd fame of France, and form a bright ornament in the character of the present party; and subsequent events have convinc\u2019d me that this was then practicable: perhaps it is still so: hut the members of the late dominant party have lately committed several capital blunders, and put in hazard their own safety when it might otherwise have been avoided. It was certain that the safety of these members depended upon the magnanimity, the benevolence and the patriotism of the majority of the present reigning party. To these virtues therefore shod. the appl. have been made, nor shod. any step have been taken to diminish the effect. The contrary however has been the case in many respects, for it is well known that some of these members & particularly Billaud Varrennes were active in stirring up the Jacobins agnst the Convention, this member having in pointed terms denounc\u2019d the reigning party not many days before the hall was shut up, to the society. Barrere likewise presented himself forward a few days after that event, in a manner to excite the disgust of that party by seconding a motion for breaking up the Convention & putting the constitution into motion, a measure he was formerly opposed to, and perhaps would not now have thought of had the Jacobins retained the ascendancy. At this too I was the more surprised because he was noted for dexterity upon all previous occasions, in the vicisitudes of the several proceeding parties, and had likewise observed his usual circumspection in other respects since the fall of Robertspiere. These members have likewise erred in the countenance they have given to Carrere, for instead of drawing a line between themselves and him & yeilding him to the justice of their country, they appeared for sometime to consider his as a common cause, and acted accordingly. It is true in the close of the business, and when the appeal nominal, as yeas & naes were taken, of 500 members present 498 voted there was cause of accusation, & that he shod. be sent to the tribunal revolutionary & the other two were for his trial but hesitated on some collateral point.\nUpon the whole however I am of opinion that as it respects the publick councils every thing bears the happiest aspect. There may yet be some irregularities, but not of the kind heretofore experienc\u2019d. And with respect to the state of the war the prospect is still more brilliant. M\u00e6stricht & Nimeughen have lately surrendered and opened the road directly for Holland, upon wh. the French troops are now pressing with an energy not to be resisted. The probability is they will take possession of it unless prevented by inundation, a resource not to be relied on in case the winter shod. be severe, and which will in any event ruin the country for many years to come. This must strike terror into Engld. & probably shake that govt. In Spn. their success has been equally great. The Sph. forces have been routed in several actions, many prisoners & posts taken, & in fact the prospect of atchieving in that quarter what they please. The present is certainly the moment for our govt. to act with energy. They shod. in my judgment put the British beyond the lakes & open the Missisippi & by so doing we shod. be courted into peace by those powers rather than threatened with war; and merely by negotiation we know we can do nothing, on the contrary we play the game that those powers wish us to play, for we give them time to try their fortune with France reserving to themselves the right of pressing us after that contest shall be over, let the issue be as it may, even in case they \u27e8shod\u27e9 be, as they certainly will be defeated. If we took this step at this moment France would in my opinion not make peace without us, in case they considered it as war, but as they find that we stand well with France they wod. probably not consider it in that light. One other great advantage resulting from this measure is that it wod. be supported by the wishes of all America & take with it in particular the suffrage of the western people. This wod. terminate at once the discontents in that quarter: how much more wise & benevolent is that policy which points the force of the country against the invaders of the publick rights than that which turns it against the members of the society itself. I do not by this mean to intimate that the effort to crush the mov\u2019ment at Fort Pitt was unwise\u2014I think otherwise for the law must be supported, but I likewise think that if the one above suggested would produce the same effect in that respect, and a very salutary one in many others it ought to be adopted. Indeed I am persuaded it has been adopted, for many reports authorize a belief that Genl. Wayne has had a rencounter with the British & taken from them the post at the rapids of the Miamis.\nYou will readily conceive that the mission of Mr. Jay & his continuance in Engld. have greatly embarrass\u2019d my movments here. It has been intimated in such manner as to inspire doubts that a mere reparation for injuries cod. not be the sole motive; and in proportion as those doubts have existed have they produc\u2019d a repellant disposition towards me not from any real distrust in me, but from a distrust of the Ex: admn. I have done all in my power to remove it and hope I have now succeeded. But I trust he will not stay there the winter for by so doing he only gives the British time, which they want, & keeps alive the ill founded suspicion here.\nYou will hear with surprise that I have been favd. with a letter from Mr. Gardoqui and that the object was to get within the republick upon pretence of ill-health but in my judgment to begin a negotiation for peace. I laid his letters for I recd. two, before the committee intimating what I believed to be the object & avail\u2019d myself of the opportunity to state our situation with Spn.; so that instead of bringing his wishes forward in a manner to create a belief we assisted Spn. in her efforts for peace, as was I presume intended by writing me on the subject, I took the opportunity of urging France to make no peace with her untill the Missisippi be opened, since in case we were involv\u2019d in a war with her France wod. be forc\u2019d to join, so that it were better compromise the whole at once. I am certain the incident has produc\u2019d a good effect.\nSoon after this it was intimated to me by the Committee of P. S. that they wanted to borrow some money of us. I then took occasion to state our situation with Engld. in like manner pressing them to make our dispute theirs\u2014and whether we embarked in the war or not to aid our negotiation for the posts so as to have theirs & our dispute settled at the same time. I am convinc\u2019d the communication has been useful.\nI think it probable they will ask our aid in money\u2014& I most sincerely wish we may give it. I shod. suppose we might lend 40. or 50. millions of livres, by the genl., the State govts. & individuals. If a loan of the latter kind was opened guarantied by the congress the whole wod. be loaned by foreigners if necessary and I am sure it wod. be paid by this govt. as they have great resources in national property.\nI have nominated Mr. Skipwith as Consul for Paris. If appointed I shall want some one to supply his place. I leave this to yr.self in concert with Mr. R. to send the suitable person. First however I wish you to communicate to Colo. Burr that if Mr. Prevost will come it shall be for him. Mr. Purvyance is here in trade & declines the offer in case Mr. P. will not accept as in that case it wod. be offered. How wod. Mr. Dawson do if Prevost wod. not come. I fear he is distressed and as an old acquaintance having some claim on me & which I never wish to disappoint, I confess if he wod. be benefited by it which I doubt under any other alternative, I shod. be glad to serve him. But this is only for yr. consideration for I leave it to you as mentioned above in concert with Mr. R.\nI feel extremely anxious to hear from you. My conduct here is by this time before you & the subject of criticism\u2014and yr. measures are greatly interesting to me. I hope therefore soon to hear on these topics as well as whatever else you deem necessary to be notic\u2019d.\nWe had in idea a loan here to be vested in America. I am satisfied it may be procured if desirable. Provided I established the fund in Hamburg for instance to the amt. of 5. or 10.000 \u00a3 sterg. to be securd by landed security such as the property purchased could you draw for it so as to answer the purpose? Where wod. you vest it? Answer me upon these points & in the interim I will endeavor in reply to assure you where the fund will be plac\u2019d & to what amount. I really think it may be counted on. And in the interim if a most elegible contract offers itself you may draw on me to be paid in Hamburg at three months sight for three thousand pounds Sterg. in one two or three bills. I am sure I can borrow the money there of Van Stophort of the house of V. S. of Amsterdam; this gentn. lives here but cod. place the money there for me & I think wod. at a word.\nI wrote you not long since by a Mr. Swan\u2014his character is better known to me now than it then was. Be cautious of him & give the same hint to Mr. R. Majr. B. & other freds. to whom I wrote. This you may do without compromitting me except where perfectly safe.\nThere are many things here which I think wod. suit you. I beg you to give me a list of what you want, such as clocks carpets glas\u27e8s\u27e9 furniture table linnen &ca\u2014they are cheaper infinitely than with you considering I have advantage of the exchge & you might pay the amt. to Mr. Jones. Tell Mr. R. I shall also be glad to serve him. I beg you to command me freely for I need not tell how happy it will make me to serve you. Ask Taylor if I shall send him a good watch.\nWill you be so kind as obtain from Colo. Orr or if he has them not get him to bring them hereaft\u27e8er\u27e9 my patents for my western land consisting of 20.000 acres on Rock Castle & 5 or 6.000 beyond the Ohio & give to Mr. Jones. Captn. Fower acts for me. My other items you will recollect of Vermont & New Yk. Remember me affectionately to all friends of both houses, to Mr. Beckley\u2014to Mr. Yard & Dr. Stevens & families. Tell them Mrs. M. & child are well & desire to be remembered. Very affecy. I am Dear Sir Yr. friend & servant\nJas. Monroe\nMr. Paine who is of my family desires to be remembered to you. He will be with you in the spring. Not being able to present Mr. Fauchets draft here for 3000 dolrs. on acct. of the depreciatn I shall return it to Mr. Randolph & subject it to Mr. Jones\u2019s order. Will you attend to this.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0306", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Monroe, 4 December 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Monroe, James\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Decr. 4. 1794\nI did not receive your favor of Sepr. 2d. the only one yet come to hand, till yesterday. The account of your arrival and reception had some time ago found its way to us thro\u2019 the English Gazettes. The language of your address to the Convention was certainly very grating to the ears of many here; and would no doubt have employed the tongues and the pens too of some of them, if external as well as internal circumstances had not checked them; but more particularly, the appearance about the same time of the Presidents letter and those of the Secretary of State. Malicious criticisms if now made at all are confined to the little circles which relish that kind of food. The sentiments of the P. will be best communicated by Mr. R. You are right in your conjecture both as to the facility given to the Envoy Extry: by the triumphs of France, and the artifice of referring it to other causes. The prevailing idea here is that the mission will be successful, tho\u2019 it is scarcely probable that it will prove so in any degree commensurate to our rights, or even to the expectations which have been raised: Whilst no industry is spared to prepare the public mind to eccho the praises which will be rung to the address of the Negociator, and the policy of defeating the commercial retaliations proposed at the last session. It will not be easy however to hide from the view of the judicious & well disposed part of the Community, that every thing that may be obtained from G. B. will have been yielded by the fears inspired by those retaliating measures, and by the state of affairs in Europe.\nYou will learn from the Newspapers and official communications the unfortunate scene in the Western parts of Penna. which unfolded itself during the recess. The history of its remote & immediate causes, the measures produced by it, and the manner in which it has been closed, does not fall within the compass of a letter. It is probable also that many explanatory circumstances are yet but imperfectly known. I can only refer to the printed accounts which you will receive from the Department of State, and the comments which your memory will assist you in making on them. The event was in several respects a critical one for the cause of liberty, and the real authors of it, if not in the service, were in the most effectual manner, doing the business of Despotism. You well know the general tendency of insurrections to increase the momentum of power. You will recollect the particular effect, of what happened some years ago in Massachts. Precisely the same calamity was to be dreaded on a larger scale in this Case. There were eno\u2019 as you may well suppose ready to give the same turn to the crisis, and to propagate the same impressions from it. It happened most auspiciously however that with a spirit truly republican, the people every where and of every description condemned the resistance to the will of the Majority, and obeyed with alacrity the call to vindicate the authority of the laws. You will see in the answer of the House of Reps. to the P\u2019s speech, that the most was made of this circumstance as an antidote to the poisonous influence to which Republicanism was exposed. If the insurrection had not been crushed in the manner it was I have no doubt that a formidable attempt would have been made to establish the principle that a standing army was necessary for enforcing the laws. When I first came to this City about the middle of October, this was the fashionable language. Nor am I sure that the attempt would not have been made, if the P. could have been embarked in it, and particularly if the temper of N. England had not been dreaded on this point. I hope we are over that danger for the present. You will readily understand the business detailed in the Newspapers, relating to the denunciation of the \u201cSelf created Societies.\u201d The introduction of it by the President was perhaps the greatest error of his political life. For his sake, as well as for a variety of obvious reasons, I wish\u2019d it might be passed over in silence by the H. of Reps. The answer was penned with that view; and so reported. This moderate course would not satisfy those who hoped to draw a party-advantage out [of] the P.\u2019s popularity. The game was, to connect the democratic Societies with the odium of the insurrection\u2014to connect the Republicans in Congs. with those Societies\u2014to put the P. ostensibly at the head of the other party, in opposition to both, and by these means prolong the illusions in the North\u2014& try a new experiment on the South. To favor the project, the answer of the Senate was accelerated & so framed as to draw the P. into the most pointed reply on the subject of the Societies. At the same time, The answer of the H. of R. was procrastinated till the example of the Senate, & the commitment of the P. could have their full operation. You will see how nicely the House was divided, and how the matter went off. As yet the discussion has not been revived by the newspaper combatants. If it Should and equal talents be opposed, the result can not fail to wound the P\u2019s popularity more than any thing that has yet happened. It must be seen that no two principles can be either more indefensible in reason, or more dangerous in practice\u2014than that 1. arbitrary denunciations may punish, what the law permits, & what the Legislature has no right, by law, to prohibit\u2014and that 2. the Govt. may stifle all censures whatever on its misdoings; for if it be itself the Judge it will never allow any censures to be just, and if it can suppress censures flowing from one lawful source it may those flowing from any other\u2014from the press and from individuals as well as from Societies, &c.\nThe elections for the H. of Reps. are over in N. Engd. & Pa. In Massts. they have been contested so generally as to rouse the people compleatly from their lethargy, tho not sufficiently to eradicate the errors which have prevailed there. The principal members have been all severely pushed; several changes have taken place, rather for the better; and not one for the worse. In Pena. Republicanism claims 9 out of 13, notwithstanding the very disadvantageous circumstances under which the election was made. In N. Y. it is expected the proportion of sound men will be increased. In Maryland the choice has been much as heretofore. Virga. & N. C. will probably make no changes for the worse. In the former Mr. Griffin resigns his pretensions. Mr. Lee will probably either do so or be dropped by his constituents. In S. Carolina the death of Gillon will probably let in Mr. Barnwell. In Delaware Patten is elected in lieu of Latimer. On the whole the prospect is rather improved than otherwise. The election of Swanwick as a Republican, by the commercial & political Metropolis of the U. S. in preference to Fitzimmons, is of itself of material consequence, and is so felt by the party to which the latter belongs. For what relates to the Senate, I trust to the letters which you will receive from Brown & Langdon, whom I have apprized of this opportunity of answering yours. I shall observe only that Tazewell & S. Tho: Mason were elected by the most decided majorities, to fill your vacancy and that of Col. Taylor who gave in his resignation. Not a single anti-republican was started. Mr. Dawson was a candidate and got 40 votes agst. 122. Brooke is also Govr. by a pretty decided vote. We had 90 odd agst. 60 odd given to Wood his only competitor.\nI had a letter lately from Mr. Jefferson; He has been confined by the Rhematism since August, and is far from being entirely recovered. Mr. T. M. Randolph has also been in a ticklish situation. What it is at present I can not say. Mr. Jones was well a few days ago. He was then setting out to Loudon where he has made a great purchase of land from Col. Chs. Carter. I infer from his letters to me that you are included in it. He will no doubt write you fully on that subject, or more probably has written already.\nI have not recd. any thing from Wilkinson\u2014nor from Vermont: nor heard any thing relating to your interests in N. York. I have given notice to Mr. Yard & Docr. Stephens of this conveyance and expect both will write. Mrs. Heilager is also here on her way to St. Croix and will no doubt write to Mrs. Monroe. She tells me all friends are well in N. York. I hope her letter will give all the particulars which may be interesting.\nWhen in Albemarle last fall I visited your farm along with Mr. Jefferson; and viewed the scites out of which a choice is to be made for your House. The one preferred by us is that which we favored originally on the East side of the road, near the field not long since opened. All that could be suggested by way of preparation was, that Trees be planted promiscuously & pretty thickly \u27e8in\u27e9 the field adjoining the wood. In general your farm appeared to be as well as was to be expected. Your upper farm I did not see, being limited in my stay in that quarter.\nI have just seen Mr. Ross, who tells me he has recd. your letter. He would write by this opportunity, but wishes to be more full than the time will permit. We expect another will offer in a few weeks when we shall all continue our communications. I should say more to you now, if I could say it in cypher.\nPresent my best respects to Mrs. Monroe and Eliza, and tell them I shall be able on their return to present them with a new acquaintance who is prepared by my representations to receive them with all the affection which they merit, & who I flatter myself will be entitled to theirs. The event which put this in my power took place on the 15th. of Sepr. We are at present inhabitants of the House which you occupied last winter & shall continue in it during the Session. With my sincerest wishes for your happiness and that of your amiable family, I remain affectionately\nHamilton has given notice that he means to resign. Knox means to do the same. It is conjectured that the former will contend for the Govr. of N. York. Burr will be the competitor.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0308", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Alexander Balmain, 8 December 1794\nFrom: Balmain, Alexander\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nWinchester 8th. Decr. 1794\nI wrote you, as I said I would, by Mr. Adam Douglass one of our Merchants, but, to my great Mortification, he did not deliver the letter, & brought it back to me. I waited on Doctor Baldwin with the money you left in my hands as a compensation for his Professional Services. The Doctor said it was perfectly satisfactory, & that he had made no charge against you upon his books.\nI am now to thank you for your favor of the 23d Ult. enclosing the Presidents Speech. If in expressing what has occurr\u2019d to me on this very delicate subject, & that too before I saw any of those debates it has unhappily occasioned in your house I should appear to differ from one whose character I respect & whose abilities & virtues are so greatly superior to my own I trust you will make every allowance, & ascribe it not to a love of contradiction, but to what I conceive to be a regard to the freedom of opinion, & of truth, as far as it is understood by me. In general, I would observe, The Knowledge & Morals of the people are the only foundations on which their liberties can securely rest. Of Morals humility appears to be a very principal ingredient. The Self created Societies disclaim it, deeming themselves competent to decide on every subject & every question. As to knowledge not having made Politics a regular study, a few Members only excepted, it seems impossible they should know much about them. I candidly confess myself adverse to these Societies, in their Origin, their principles, their object & their end, & cannot persuade myself that they are necessary in a government like our\u2019s\u2014Or that they contribute ought to the illumination of the Understanding or the improvement of the heart. If the President thought that an opposition to the laws was fomented by these societies, in tracing the progress of that opposition, it would have appeared to be his duty to have said so. If it was a fact, & deem\u2019d so by the Senate, they could do no less than Second his denunciation. Perhaps it would have been as well not to have taken any Notice at all of these combinations\u2014Passing them over in silent contempt. This conjecture which rose within me, previous to my reading the debates, has been strengthen\u2019d since. I sincerely regrett the heat & ferment with which this subject has agitated the house of R\u2014\u2014s. Pity it is that so much time should be thus wasted. One thing appears certain to Me, that these Societies have contributed greatly to much distress, embarrassment, public & private calamity. They therefore, in my judgment, merited so much notice, as to be held up to the people whose Friends they had poisoned, as the Objects of reprehension & reprobation. To this let me add, that if the Majority of the people in the U. S. be averse to such societies as I believe they are, why should not their Representatives censure them. After all it is possible, that human weakness may have had its share in dictating the Denunciation. The P\u2014\u2014t is unquestionably a great & a good man. How far his feelings have been hurt by the arrogant censures of uninformed presumptuous individuals, it is not for Me to say. Acting as I believe he did from the purest principles of Patriotism conscious to himself of no sinister Motives, he must have been More than Man not to have felt some degree of resentment, and a hypocrite if he had dissembled it. To feel as a Man, & to express those feelings with candor is in My Judgment true policy.\nThus Sir, I have given you a long letter on a subject, (politics) which I have not studied much, & must again beg pardon for the crudeness & inaccuracy of the sentiments & expression. The Post is about setting out. I must therefore conclude by offering my best respects, in which, I am joined by Mrs. Bn. to Mrs. Madison, yourself & Miss Payne. I am, with the truest esteem & respect, Dr. Sir, Your Most obedt servant\nAlexr. Balmain", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0309", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 9 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nTh: J. To Mr. Madison.\nI write this merely as a way bill. The Orange post arrives at Charlottesville on Tuesday morning about 10. oclock & returns in half an hour. The Richmond post arrives in Charlottesville on Tuesday evening & returns on Friday morning. I wish to know the difference this makes in the conveyance of a letter to Philadelphia. I therefore write this by the Orange post, and will write such another by that of Richmond, & pray you to note to me the days on which you recieve both. Your favor of Nov. 16. came to hand the 2d. inst. Our militia are returning it is said, without having been to Detroit. Where then have they been? The explanation of this ph\u00e6nomenon is ardently wished here. Adieu. Yours affectionately.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0310", "content": "Title: Military Establishment, [9 December] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[9 December 1794]\nNicholas called for a committee \u201cto enquire how far the act of Congress for the defence of the frontier had been complied with, and what number of the men ordered to be raised are yet to be enlisted.\u201d JM had reported that act from committee in 1792 (PJM, 14:199 and n. 1).\nMr. Madison observed that a gentleman from New-Jersey (Mr. Dayton) had stated three different ways, in which the act was explained. He said that nothing required greater precision than a law which authorised the levying of troops. He suggested the propriety of an enquiry into the defects of the law in question, that there might be no room for mistake in applying it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0311", "content": "Title: Naturalization, [9 December] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[9 December 1794]\n   On 8 December the House appointed JM chairman of a select committee to report a bill to amend the Naturalization Act of 1790.\nMr. Madison gave notice that to-morrow, he should move for leave to bring in a bill, to amend an act for establishing a uniform system of naturalization in the United States. He did not wish to discourage foreigners who desired to incorporate themselves with the body political of America. At the same time, he thought the present law did not fully answer the purpose for which it was designed.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0312", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Jones, 11 December 1794\nFrom: Jones, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nDr Sr.\nFredg. 11th. Decr. 1794.\nSince my last to you I have recd. a letter from Monroe dated the 4th & 6th Septr. It came by the last post and cost me 5/9\u2014from whence or how it came I cannot discover by the marks on the letter. He informs me they were all well, and that he expected to write to Yourself and Mr. Jefferson by the same opportunity\u2014that he had before written to the Secretary of State. The news it contains we have long since had. With respect to money matters he says he had requested Mr. Randolph to furnish me on his ascot. with 1000 Dols.\u2014this I expected wod. have been done as I informed Mr. Randolph on my application to him Col. Monroe having spoken to that effect when we parted\u2014this was meant to enable me to satisfy any balances due from him here that called for present payment as well as to aid in the purchase from Carter shod. I make it. The inclosed abstrac\u27e8t\u27e9 from his letter will shew you what he has written respecting these matters. I shall inclose one also to Mr. Randolph. Presuming the balance of the 1000 dols. not already advanced will be furnished to my draught (which I conjecture will be about \u00a3125. this money [)] could a bill Be negociated on Monroe for about \u00a3200 payable in Paris Amsterdam or Rotterdam it wod. enable me to compleat the first payment to Carter wch. is to be the last day of this month and also to satisfy some balances from him that require present payment\u2014subsequent arrangements can be made in time for the remainder of what he may owe or have to pay on accot. of the land purchased from Carter. You will be so kind as to converse with Mr. Randolph and give me information on these matters as the time of payment is at hand and a deed for the Land taken. I am Yr. friend & Servt\nJos: Jones.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0313", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 12 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nTh: J. To J. Madison\nFriday morning. Dec. 12. 1794.\nI wrote you a kind of way-bill by the Orange post, which arrived at, & left Charlottesville on Tuesday forenoon. I write this by the Richmond post which leaves Charlottesville on Friday Morning. The object is to know what difference there will be in the arrival of the two letters at Philadelphia.\nWe have nothing new for you; for it is not new that we have fine weather. It is, & has been delicious, with only two short intervals of cold. In one of them (about the 22d of Nov.) it was extraordinarily cold, the mercury being at 19\u00b0. But it was only three mornings below freezing. In the other (Dec. 4.) it was one morning below the freezing point. But it has never once continued so thro the day. We have had fine rains at proper intervals, which is the only interruption our ploughs have had. Corn has sold at 6/6 per barrel, half goods, half cash. It is now at 8/. Purchasers talk of that, sellers of 10/. Wheat 5/ in goods. Adieu. Yours affectionately.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0314", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Madison, Sr., 14 December 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James, Sr.\nHond. Sir\nPhilada. Decr. 14. 1794\nYour favor of the 24th. Ulto: was answered last week. I have since recd. that of the 3d. inst: the cheif object of which is to learn whether I shall be able to contribute an effective proportion to the advances which will be wanted for the Mill. To this enquiry I can only say in general that, tho\u2019 it is possible I may not be able to co-operate as much as might be desireable, I have several resources from each of which I have a prospect that is promising. I can in any event resort to a sale of my land in N. York which I am well informed continues to rise in value, and will always be vendible. The monies which I have recd. and expect to receive here in the course of the winter, would of themselves answer all my purposes, were it not for the enormous expense of living, and the necessity of adding some expensive articles to our stock of accomodations. Among these will be a carriage to remove us to Virga. in the Spring. The one we have, tho\u2019 a very neat & costly one, was so infamously executed, and suffered so much from the roads, above the mountains & on the way here, that it is a perfect wreck. No workman will undertake to refit it for much less than the price of a new one, nor allow me more than a hundred dollars for it, tho\u2019 it cost near four times that sum; and will, from the universal rise of prices, require more than four times that sum to replace it. Of the general expense of living here I can scarcely give you an idea. Prices of all kinds are 50 PerCt. higher than the last year, when they were thought to have attained their ultimate point of extravagance. The allowance from the public, tho\u2019 sufficient for those who have no families, is far short where there is one. Notwithstanding all these drawbacks, I shall, however, if my receipts be not unnecessarily delayed, be able to bear my part in pushing on the Mill. I have several times suggested to you the sale of your certificates in my hands. I still think it an eligible measure, and the present moment is a favorable one. Stock is now at 22/6 in the pound, and it is very possible the state of things in Europe may force it up a little higher. If you will forward me a power to sell I can have it disposed of; and if you do not need the money yourself will allow you six perCt. till repaid, and engage to repay it within one year or two years at farthest; within which time I shall probably have it amply & easily in my power. I know not what to say as to the manufacturing of my wheat: but am willing to follow your judgment as it may decide in regard to your own crop. Flour is here at ten dollars a barrel. I suppose Mr. Dunbar will be as ready to take my crop in that state as in wheat, and allow me the market price. I wish the proceeds to pass into his hands, as I rely on his aid for the last payment to Majr. Lee, whenever I am drawn on for it. We have nothing new since my last. If you wish to have any thing procured here and sent round in the Spring, the sooner you apprise me of it the better, as favorable oppys. of getting what you want may occur in the course of the winter. As the post now goes by Orange Court House, you can write when you please, and I hope you will write often. Be so good as to let me know in your next how much wheat I have for market at each of the two places, as well as what the present aspect of the fields is. I am sorry to hear of the continued ill health of Mr. & Mrs. Macon. I hope it will press on him the expedien\u27e8cy\u27e9 of withdrawing himself from the waters of Chickahominy. \u27e8We\u27e9 are well and offer our joint affections to you all. Yr. affe. son\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0315", "content": "Title: From James Madison to the Right Reverend James Madison, ca. 14 December 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Madison, James (Reverend)\nLetter not found. Ca. 14 December 1794. Acknowledged in Bishop Madison\u2019s letter to JM of 24 Dec. 1794. Probably informs the bishop that JM does not plan to retire from Congress and so cannot sponsor in the Virginia General Assembly a state-supported university. Encloses John Penington\u2019s Chemical and Economical Essays.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0316", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Monroe, 14 December 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Monroe, James\nLetter not found. 14 December 1794, Philadelphia. Introduces Robert S. Van Rensselaer. RC offered for sale by Leonard & Co., Auctioneers, Catalogue of a Valuable Private Library, Including \u2026 Rare Autograph Letters (Boston, 9 May 1866), p. 15, item 7.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0318", "content": "Title: Compensation to Victims of the Whiskey Insurrection, [17 December] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[17 December 1794]\n   In his annual message to Congress, Washington urged that Congress provide compensation to victims of the Whiskey Insurrection. On 17 December the House began consideration of resolutions giving effect to his suggestion (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\nMr. Madison remarked that great respect was due to this proposition, both on account of the interesting occasion that produced it, and of the quarter from whence it came. But the more he revolved the subject in his mind, the more he was convinced that great circumspection was requisite, and that the House, for many reasons, ought to take as much time in deliberating upon what they were to do, as the nature of the subject will admit. He recommended the proposal of some gentlemen to let the affair lie over to next session.\nIt is no doubt proper to encourage a spirit for suppressing insurrections, and this measure is certainly calculated to promote that spirit. But, in his own judgment, Mr. Madison feared that it would likewise encourage insurrections. A great body of people were commonly engaged in such disturbances, who were not worth hanging, and to whom an established government usually held out an amnesty. By this means, great multitudes came in, and received pardon before the operations of chastisement began. The mob therefore, would in this case reason thus. As a croud we have a good chance to escape the gallows. Let us then plunder as fast as possible, because government will disburse the loss, and we shall not be forced to disgorge our booty. Mr. Madison thought that speculations of this kind might be entertained by future insurgents, if the house were instantly to vote a complete indemnification to the sufferers. Mr. Madison held the highest respect for the arguments and feelings of gentlemen who espoused the other side of the question. What he himself had just now suggested, he did not regard as decisive considerations, but yet as considerations of weight. His own impression was to let the matter lie over till next session, and then, those who had done their best in prosecuting, would come forward to that House, to claim compensation, under the most auspicious circumstances, and all which they can have recovered, will be saved to the state.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0319", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Monroe, 18 December 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nParis Decr. 18. 1794.\nI enclose you three letters one for Mr. R. and the other two for whom ever you may think it best to direct them. You will in case they are delivered take a copy of one for yr.self, for I have not had time to write you nor indeed is it necessary on that subject as I send them open to yr. inspection. You will know whether there is any thing in the report & act accordingly either by presenting or suppressing all. I really wish mine to Mr. R. to be seen by the Pr: if expedient to be delivered. As to the persons to whom to be addressed I leave it entirely to you (advising that you consult with no one on that point lest it be known they were not addressed by me) but am inclined to think that one shod. be addressed to Langdon, & the other either to Burr, Butler or Ross. As you will take a copy, you will be able to shew it to our Virga. friends and others as by my request & which will apologize for my not writing them. After all there is but one kind of policy which is safe, which is the honest policy. If it was intended to cultivate France by sending me here Jay shod. not have been sent to Engld.: hut if indeed it was intended to cultivate Engld. it was wise to send some such person as myself here, for it was obvious that in proportion as we stood well with France shod. we be respected by Engld. I have not time to write you further at present than to assure you that the affrs. of the republick are in every respect in the most flourishing condition: wise, humane, & just in its councils, & eminently successful in its armies, & also that we are well. Affecy. I am yr. friend & servt\nJas. Monroe\nAs the letters are closed in great hurry, see that there are no inaccuracies. If Mr. Skipwith is confirmed, pray send Prevost off immediately. I repeat again that I put this business entirely under yr. care. You will readily conclude, if the report is entirely without foundation & wh. I most earnestly hope it is, that it will be best to suppress the whole.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-18-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0320", "content": "Title: To James Madison from James Monroe, 18 December 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir.\nParis Decr. 18. 1794.\nI have addressed to your care a letter for Mr. R. & two others, to be addressed by you according to circumstances either to Langdon, Burr, Butler, Ross or any other person in case you shod. deem it proper to be presented at all & sent them in a packet by Havre. This which covers one for Mr. R. is to go by Bordeaux. I submit it entirely to you either to present or suppress it as the state of things in relation to the object may advise. In case it is presented you will excuse its being address\u2019d to you, on acct. of its being a private letter & the necessity of preventing in case he shod. be absent its getting into the hands of another. Believe me sincerely yr. friend & servant\nJas. Monroe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-19-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0321", "content": "Title: Compensation to Victims of the Whiskey Insurrection, [19 December] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[19 December 1794]\n   The House continued its consideration of a resolution requesting the president \u201cto cause an ascertainment to be made of the losses sustained by the officers of Government and other citizens, in their property, (in consequence of their exertions in support of the laws,) by the insurgents in the Western counties of Pennsylvania\u201d (Annals of CongressDebates and Proceedings in the Congress of\n          the United States \u2026 (42 vols.; Washington, 1834\u201356)., 3d Cong., 2d sess., 995). Hillhouse \u201cmoved to strike out the word in from the first resolution, and put into its place, by the actual destruction of\u2014their property.\u201d\nMr. Madison apprehended that this amendment left the resolution as had as it was before, if not worse. A person in the western counties had his horse stolen by the insurgents. But this did not imply the absolute destruction or annihilation of the horse. The amendment meant either too much or too little. It certainly could be no improvement on the resolution.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0322", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Joseph Jones, ca. 20 December 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jones, Joseph\nLetter not found. Ca. 20 December 1794. Referred to in Jones to JM, 23 and 26 Dec. 1794 and 13 Jan. 1795. Mentions that Secretary of State Edmund Randolph plans to write Jones about his request to draw a sum of money on Monroe\u2019s account.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0323", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, 21 December 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Decr. 21. 1794.\nYour favor of the 9th. by the Orange post arrived here on the 18th. that of the 12 by the Richmond post, on the 20st. so that it appears the latter was one day less on the way. It is to be remarked however that as the Orange post leaves Charlottesville on tuesday, he might easily be in Fredericksburg on thursday, in time for the mail which passes thro\u2019 it on that day to Dumfries. If this despatch is not required of him it ought to be. It would make a difference of two days in the journey. Or at least the post might wait a day in Charlottesville and he in time for the saturday\u2019s mail at Fredericksburg.\nOur weather here has been as fine as you describe yours. Yesterday there was a change. It was cold, cloudy, and inclined to snow. To day we have a bright day, and not very cold. Prices here are very different from yours. Wheat is at 13 or 14/. & flour in proportion. In general things are 50 PerCt. beyond the prices of last Winter. The phenomenon you wish to have explained is as little understood here as with you; but it would be here quite unfashionable to suppose it needed explanation. It is impossible to give you an idea of the force with which the tide has set in a particular direction. It has been too violent not to be soon followed by a change. In fact I think a change has begun already. The danger will then be of as violent a reflux to the opposite extreme.\nThe attack made on the essential & constitutional right of the Citizen, in the blow levelled at the \u201cself-created Societies\u201d does not appear to have had the effect intended. It is and must be felt by every man who values liberty, whatever opinion he may have of the use or abuse of it by those institutions. You will see that the appeal is begun to the public sentiment, by the injured parties. The Republican Society of Baltimore set the example. That of Newark has advertised a meeting of its members. It is said that if Edwd. Livingston, as is generally believed, has outvoted Watts, for the H. of Reps. he is indebted for it to the invigorated exertions of the Democratic Society of that place, of which he is himself a member. In Boston the subject is well understood, and handled in the Newspaper on the republican side, with industry & address.\nThe Elections in Massts. have turned out rather better than was of late expected. The two republican members have stood their ground; in spite of the most unexampled operations agst. them. Ames is said to owe his success to the votes of negroes & British sailors smuggled under a very lax mode of conducting the election there. Sedgwick & Goodhue have bare majorities. Dexter is to run another heat, but will succeed; Gerry, his only considerable compet[it]or & who would outvote him, refusing to be elected. There are several changes in the remainder of the Delegation, and some of them greatly for the better. In New York there will he at least half republicans; perhaps more. It has unluckily happened that in 2 districts two republicans set up agst. one Anti: The consequence is that a man is re-elected who would not otherwise have taken the field: and there is some danger of a similar consequence in the other district. In N. Jersey, it is said that not more than one of the old members will be returned. The people all over the State are signing with avidity a remonstrance agst. the high salaries of the Govt.\nHamilton is to resign, according to his own notification the last of Feby. His object is not yet unfolded. Knox, as the shadow, follows the substance. Their successors are not yet designated by any circumstance that has escaped.\nWhat think you of a project to disfranchise the insurgent Counties by a bill of exclusion agst. their Reps. in the State Legislature? The object is to pave the way for Bingham or Fitzimmons\u2014as Senator\u2014& to give an example for rejecting Galatine in the H. of Reps. at the next Congress\u2014of which he is a member. The proposition has been laid on the table, and the event is uncertain. There is some probabil[it]y the violence of the measure may defeat it; nor is it certain I am told that if carried thro\u2019, it would answer the purpose of its authors.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0324", "content": "Title: Committee Report, 22 December 1794 (Abstract)\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n22 December 1794. Recommends amending \u201cthe Amendments proposed by the Senate to the Bill intituled \u2018An Act to regulate the pay of the non-commissioned Officers, musicians and privates of the militia of the United States, when called into actual service, and for other purposes.\u2019\u201d Increases enlistment and reenlistment bounties, death benefits to widows and orphans, and rations.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0325", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Joseph Jones, 23 December 1794\nFrom: Jones, Joseph\nTo: Madison, James\nDr Sr.\nFredg. 23d. Decr. 1794\nIn expectation of hearing from Mr. Randolph respecting Monroes affairs, I have postponed writing to him, which I shod: have done soon after the receipt of his letter. By your letter I find Mr. Randolph meditated writing to me what he wod. do but I have not heard from him and the moment is at hand that requires my compleating the first payment. Perhaps my writing to him and inclosing an abstract of Monroes letter will remind him of it and bring forth an answer. The sum you mentioned may answer if I shall be so fortunate as to receive some money I expect to get otherwise I shall fall about \u00a3100 short and I had rather raise that same by the Sale of negros than draw the bill for \u00a3200 I had proposed to you but if the 1000 dols. cannot be procured and very speedily I must request you to inform me of it and whr. a bill on Amsterdam or Hamburg will sell. In a few days I shall trouble you with a letter for Monroe whr. I hear from Randolph or not. Yr. friend\nJos: Jones", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0326", "content": "Title: To James Madison from the Right Reverend James Madison, 24 December 1794\nFrom: Madison, James (Reverend)\nTo: Madison, James\nMy dear Sir\nI confess your Answer, respecting the proposed University, was in a great Measure anticipated. But as Mr Jefferson originated the Idea, or Proposition, & referred me to your Aid, I wished to have your own Declaration upon the Subject. Should any fortunate Circumstances place either yourself or Mr J. in the Legislature, this great & important Object might be, I am persuaded, readily effected; otherwise, I am equally persuaded it is utterly unattainable. The Proposition then must sleep, till one or other of you, shall think proper to awake it. As to myself, I was anxious to see the good Work begun, not only on Acct. of its Importance as it must strike the mind of every one; but in this Age of Revolutions, I wished to see my Country distinguished for a Revolution, which might liberate the human Mind from Shackles more shameful, more injurious & more oppressive than any others which Ignorance or Ambition may have imposed. I want to see adopted a Mode of Education, which shall tend to strengthen & not depress the mental Faculties, which shall substitute Things for Words, which shall habituate the infant Mind to think, to reason at as early a Period as its Powers will permit, & thus conduct it gradually to real Science.\nI have transcribed the Statute of this Coll. respecting the Presidt. as perhaps the most satisfactory Mode of communicating the Information desired.\nThe Debates respecting \u201cthe self created Societies\u201d were very unfortunate; & surely tended to belittle the House exceedingly. The best Answer, on every Occasion, I think might be contained in half a Doz. Words\u2014\u201cSir, we have recd. your Speech, & shall pay due Attention to the Subjects recommended to our Consideration.\u201d How much Time & Money & Dignity might have been thus saved!\nYou were so obliging as to send me Dr. Pennington\u2019s Essays. Should you be acquainted with the Dr it wd. give him some Satisfaction to be informed, that his Ideas respecting Fermentation receive no small Confirmation from Expts. on the Sweet Springs. This Fall, I made several Expts. upon the Air wh. they discharge; it has all the Properties ascribed to fixed Air; and \u201cthe Water alone will raise Dough, quicker than Yeast.\u201d Yrs most sincerely & Affy.\nJ Madison\nMay all the Compts of the Season attend Mrs. M. & yrself.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0328", "content": "Title: Naturalization, [26 December] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[26 December 1794]\n   On 15 December JM reported the bill to amend the Naturalization Act of 1790, which the Committee of the Whole took up on 22 December. Dexter objected to \u201cthe facility with which foreign agents may become citizens, and thereby save the tonnage on their vessels.\u201d He moved to amend the bill \u201cwith a proviso that those who will renounce all foreign allegiance forever, and those who declare on oath their intentions of becoming citizens of the United States, shall pay no more tonnage for the time until they become citizens than persons naturalized.\u201d JM, \u201cinstead of making exceptions in favour of the owners of ships, thought, that if any power at all was to be exerted by the Legislature of the Union, it ought rather to influence commerce, and prevent injury being done in that channel. The present clause did not belong, in his opinion, to the present subject, but to commercial regulations\u201d (Philadelphia Gazette, 23 Dec. 1794). Dexter withdrew his motion. On 26 December Giles moved an amendment requiring that a prospective citizen\u2019s character witnesses be \u201cattached to a Republican form of government.\u201d After debate Giles altered his amendment to read \u201cattached to the principles of the government of the United States.\u201d\nMr. Madison was of opinion that the word was well enough understood to signify a free Representative Government, deriving its authority from the people, and calculated for their benefit; and thus far the amendment of his colleague was sufficiently proper. Mr. Madison doubted whether he himself should however vote for the clause thus amended. It would perhaps be very difficult for many citizens to find two reputable witnesses, who could swear to the purity of their principles for three years back. Many useful and virtuous members of the community may be thrown into the greatest difficulties by such a procedure. In three years time a person may have shifted his residence from one end of the continent to the other. How then was he to find evidence of his behaviour during such a length of time? But he objected to both amendments on a different ground. It was hard to make a man swear that he preferred the Constitution of the United States, or to give any general opinion, because he may, in his own private judgment think monarchy or aristocracy better, and yet be honestly determined to support this government as he finds it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0330", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Thomas Jefferson, 28 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello Dec. 28. 94.\nI have kept mr. Joy\u2019s letter a post or two, with an intention of considering attentively the observations it contains: but I have really now so little stomach for any thing of that kind that I have not resolution enough even to endeavor to understand the observations. I therefore return the letter, not to delay your answer to it, and beg you in answering for yourself, to assure him of my respects and thankful acceptance of Chalmer\u2019s treaties, which I do not possess: and if you possess yourself of the scope of his reasoning, make any answer to it you please for me. If it had been on the rotation of my crops, I would have answered myself, lengthily perhaps, but certainly con gusto.\nThe denunciation of the democratic societies is one of the extraordinary acts of boldness of which we have seen so many from the faction of Monocrats. It is wonderful indeed that the President should have permitted himself to be the organ of such an attack on the freedom of discussion, the freedom of writing, printing & publishing. It must be a matter of rare curiosity to get at the modifications of these rights proposed by them, and to see what line their ingenuity would draw between democratical societies, whose avowed object is the nourishment of the republican principles of our constitution, and the society of the Cincinnati, a self-created one, carving out for itself hereditary distinctions, lowering over our constitution eternally, meeting together in all parts of the Union periodically, with closed doors, accumulating a capital in their separate treasury, corresponding secretly & regularly, & of which society the very persons denouncing the democrats are themselves the fathers, founders or high officers. Their sight must be perfectly dazzled by the glittering of crowns & coronets, not to see the extravagance of the proposition to suppress the friends of general freedom, while those who wish to confine that freedom to the few, are permitted to go on in their principles & practices. I have put out of sight the persons whose misbehavior has been taken advantage of to slander the friends of popular rights; and I am happy to observe that as far as the circle of my observation & information extends, every body has lost sight of them, and viewed the abstract attempt on their natural & constitutional rights in all it\u2019s nakedness. I have never heard, or heard of a single expression or opinion which did not condemn it as an inexcusable aggression. And with respect to the transactions against the excise-law, it appears to me that you are all swept away in the torrent of governmental opinions, or that we do not know what these transactions have been. We know of none which according to the definitions of the law, have been any thing more than riotous. There was indeed a meeting to consult about a separation. But to consult on a question does not amount to a determination of that question in the affirmative, still less to the acting on such a determination: but we shall see I suppose what the court lawyers, & courtly judges & would-be Ambassadors will make of it. The excise-law is an infernal one. The first error was to admit it by the constitution. The 2d. to act on that admission. The 3d. & last will be to make it the instrument of dismembering the Union, & setting us all afloat to chuse which part of it we will adhere to. The information of our militia returned from the Westward is uniform, that tho the people there let them pass quietly, they were objects of their laughter, not of their fear, that 1000 men could have cut off their whole force in a thousand places of the Alleganey, that their detestation of the excise law is universal, and has now associated to it a detestation of the government, & that separation which perhaps was a very distant & problematical event, is now near, & certain & determined in the mind of every man. I expected to have seen some justification of arming one part of the society against another, of declaring a civil war the moment before the meeting of that body which has the sole right of declaring war, of being so patient of the kicks & scoffs of our enemies, & rising at a feather against our friends, of adding a million to the public debt & deriding us with recommendations to pay it if we can, &c &c. But the part of the speech which was to be taken as a justification of the armament reminded me of parson Saunders\u2019s demonstration why minus into minus makes plus. After a parcel of shreds of stuff from Aesop\u2019s fables & Tom Thumb, he jumps all at once into his Ergo, minus multiplied into minus makes plus. Just so the 15,000 men enter after the fables in the speech. However the time is coming when we shall fetch up the lee-way of our vessel. The changes in your house I see are going on for the better, and even the Augean herd over your heads are slowly purging off their impurities. Hold on then, my dear friend, that we may not ship-wreck in the mean while. I do not see in the minds of those with whom I converse a greater affliction than the fear of your retirement; but this must not be, unless to a more splendid & a more efficacious post. There I should rejoice to see you: I hope I may say I shall rejoice to see you. I have long had much in my mind to say to you on that subject. But double delicacies have kept me silent. I ought perhaps to say, while I would not give up my own retirement for the empire of the Universe, how I can justify wishing one, whose happiness I have as much at heart as yours, to take the front of the battle which is fighting for my security. This would be easy enough to be done, but not at the heel of a lengthy epistle. Let us quit this, & turn to the fine weather we are basking in. We have had one of our tropical winters. Once only a snow of 3. inches deep, which went off the next day, & never as much ice as would have cooled a bottle of wine. And we have now but a month to go through of winter weather. For February always gives us good samples of the spring of which it is the harbinger. I recollect no small news interesting to you. You will have heard I suppose that Wilson Nicholas has bought Carr\u2019s lowground\u2019s and Harvey\u2019s barracks. I rejoice in the prosperity of a virtuous man, & hope his prosperity will not taint his virtue. Present me respectfully to mrs. Madison, and pray her to keep you where you are for her own satisfaction & the public good, and accept the cordial affections of us all. Adieu.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0331", "content": "Title: Memorandum from Thomas Leiper, ca. 29 December 1794 (Abstract)\nFrom: Leiper, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nCa. 29 December 1794. Opposes the provisions of the 1794 statute that imposed duties on snuff. \u201cThe Excise is excessively high.\u201d Philadelphia tobacconists \u201care of the opinion it will introduce Smuggling from Great Britain,\u201d where drawbacks encourage reexport of snuff manufactured there from American tobacco. Urges that the tax be \u201claid direct upon our Mills\u201d\u2014instead of on the product\u2014\u201cwhich of the two is the fairest way and will prevent us from defrauding the revenue and the Honest Man.\u201d Discusses the failure of British excise laws to prevent smuggling. In Glasgow there is an excise officer to inspect every two snuff manufacturers. The oaths required of the snuff makers are unavailing, even though \u201cGlasgow is the first Church going Town in Europe and I take it the most religious\u2026. And they also require a standing Army to Dragoon the People into a compliance to the Laws frequent Bloodshed between the Military and the Smuglers is the consequence. The excise system will most certainly create dependants on the Executive and a Standing Army to Assist them to enforce the Law when all this is done what will follow? as certain as I now write an Aristocracy.\u201d The American excise on distilled spirits is based on the British law \u201cmade by Willm. Pitt & Co.\u2026 How it Came into Congress we cannot tell but the Bill as reported is in the Hand writing of a Clerk of The Treasury\u2026. All the evils of this Country have proceeded from our leading characters haveing an over fondness for British Laws and Customs.\u201d Charges that William Duer, before his bankruptcy, had attempted \u201cto engross the whole business\u201d of snuff manufacture \u201con the continent.\u201d The whiskey rebels resisted \u201can Excise which they were taught and did beleive to be the Horror of all free States.\u201d Urges that the excise be replaced by a tax on real estate, which during the present prosperity could, with the impost, quickly pay off the national debt. \u201cThe time will come when the People of this country will say to the People of Europe you must take our Tobacco Manufactured and they will be obliged to comply for \u2026 they can procure it no where else, and the Manufacturers here can give it to them cheaper than their own manufacturers because the Tobacco can go at one third less freight and the Snuff at one half it will add to the vallue of our Exports on Tobacco 100 \u214cCt. & 300 \u214cCt. on Snuff the Tobacco Manufactory may be carried on by any Planter\u2026. We could wish Congress to consider these things and have the Tobacco trade made free the writer of this is so thoroughly convinced of this truth that he would give One Half of his Estate towards the payment of the National Debt to have the Word Excise out of the Constitution\u2026. All the People in Europe are becomeing more free every Day & why may not America?\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0332", "content": "Title: To James Madison from Edmund Pendleton, 30 December 1794\nFrom: Pendleton, Edmund\nTo: Madison, James\nLetter not found. 30 December 1794. Acknowledged in JM to Pendleton, 8 Jan. 1795. Congratulates JM and his wife on their marriage.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-15-02-0333", "content": "Title: Naturalization, [31 December] 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: \n[31 December 1794]\n   On 29 December the Committee of the Whole considered the provision in the naturalization bill that required that an American citizen who had expatriated himself \u201cshould not be allowed to enter into the list of citizens again without a special act of Congress, and of the state from which he had gone.\u201d (On the Democratic societies\u2019 advocacy of the right of expatriation of American citizens who had accepted French military commissions from Genet, see Henry Lee to JM, 23 Jan. 1794, n. 2, and Republican Society of South Carolina to JM, 12 Mar. 1794, n. 1.) JM \u201cdid not think that Congress by the Constitution had any authority to readmit American citizens at all. It was only granted to them to admit aliens\u201d (Philadelphia Gazette, 30 Dec. 1794). On 31 December Giles moved that aliens be required to renounce titles of nobility in order to qualify for American citizenship.\nMr. Madison approved of the motion. He regarded it as exactly to the business in hand, to exclude all persons from citizenship, who would not renounce forever their connection with titles of nobility. The propriety of the thing would be illustrated by this reflection, that if any titled orders had existed in America before the revolution, they would infallibly have been abolished by it.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-17-02-0381", "content": "Title: From James Madison to Tench Coxe, [ca. 13 January 1794]\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Coxe, Tench\n[ca. 13 January 1794]\nMr. Madison presents his thanks to Mr. Coxe for the paper sent him a few days ago on the subject of sugar, tob. whale oil and rice. Mr. M will be further obliged to him for any aids he may possess toward an elucidation of the amt. of re-exports from G. B. If Mr. Coxe can add brief & early answer to the following queries, Mr. M. will also be sensible of the favor. 1. Of the grain & flour of late years exported to G. B. what proportion was probably consumed there? 2. Is rice or tobo. sent from Portugal or Spain at all to the French or Dutch markets, where no discrimination exists in favor of the American? 3. How far is the British discrimn. in favor of our woods really operative? 4. In estimating reexports it seems requisite to include the value of raw materials which make a part of any manufactured article. Indigo and not IR [indigo root?] ashes for example\u2014How much of these articles are so reexported? The best guide that occurs is the ratio of exported manufs. to the totality produced. Anderson states the latter abt. 50 mils. What is the amount of the former?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Madison/01-17-02-0383", "content": "Title: From James Madison to James Monroe, 14 December 1794 (Abstract)\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Monroe, James\n14 December 1794, Philadelphia. Introduces Robert S. Van Rensselaer, who \u201cproposes to make a tour through some parts of Europe, and wishes for an opportunity of being made known to you.\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0001", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from George Washington, 1 January 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia January 1st. 1794\nI yesterday received with sincere regret your resignation of the office of Secretary of State. Since it has been impossible to prevail upon you, to forego any longer the indulgence of your desire for private life; the event, however anxious I am to avert it, must be submitted to.\nBut I cannot suffer you to leave your Station, without assuring you, that the opinion, which I had formed, of your integrity and talents, and which dictated your original nomination, has been confirmed by the fullest experience; and that both have been eminently displayed in the discharge of your duties.\nLet a conviction of my most earnest prayers for your happiness accompany you in your retirement; and while I accept with the warmest thanks your solicitude for my welfare, I beg you to believe, that I always am Dear Sir Your Sincere friend and Affecte. Hble Servant.\nGo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0002", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to John Ross, 2 January 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Ross, John\nTh: Jefferson presents his friendly respects to Mr. Ross: the sum which he finds his money-provisions fall short is about 450. Dollars; with which if Mr. Ross can have him furnished, he incloses him a substitution in due form to receive 390.62 at the bank of the US. on the 1st. day of April, and he will remit the balance at an earlier period. He considers himself as much indebted to Mr. Ross for his kind offer, and had before abundant motives to hold him in his particular esteem.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0003", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Power of Attorney, 2 January 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas,Biddle, Clement\nTo: \nEnclosure\nPower of Attorney\nKnow all men by these presents that I Thomas Jefferson named in a certain letter of Attorney from William Short of the state of Virginia Minister Resident of the US. at the Hague, to me bearing date the 2d. day of April 1793. and now lodged in the bank of the US. by virtue of the power and authority therein given me, do make substitute and appoint John Ross Esquire as well my own as the true and lawful attorney and substitute of the said Wm. Short named in the said letter of Attorney to receive from the Treasury or bank of the US. the interest which shall become due on the stock of different descriptions of the said William Short registered in the proper office of the US. at the seat of government in Philadelphia from this 1st. day of January 1794. to the 1st. day of April next ensuing, and becoming payable on the said 1st. day of April, amounting to three hundred and ninety dollars and sixty two cents: hereby ratifying and confirming the paiment of the said interest to the said John Ross, and the discharge which he shall give for the same, as done by virtue of the power of attorney aforesaid. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 1st. day of January 1794.\nTh: Jefferson\nsealed and delivered in the presence.\nThomas Biddle of Phila Clerk.\nClement Biddle not pub\nOn this 2d. day of January 1794 Thomas Jefferson Esquire acknowledged the above letter of Attorney to be his Act and deed before me Notary at philadelphia\nClement Biddle Notary Pub", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0004", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Certain Diplomats of the United States, 3 January 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Diplomats of the United States\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia Jan. 3 1794.\nI have the honor to inform you that I have resigned the office of Secretary of state, and that Mr. Randolph late Attorney Genl. of the US. is appointed by the President and approved by the Senate as Secretary of state. He will be so good as to acknolege the receipt of your several  letters not yet acknoleged by me, and will answer in detail such parts of them as may require special answer I beg leave to conclude this last act of my public correspondence with you with very sincere assurances of the great esteem and respect with which I have the honor to be Dear Sir Your most obedt & most humble sevt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0005", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to George Hammond, 3 January 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Hammond, George\nSir\nPhiladelphia Jan. 3. 1794.\nThe bearer hereof, Mr. Louis Osmond, desires me to [convey?] to you the circumstances known to me relative to his emigration to America. Mr. Osmond, about three years ago, arrived in America from France, and brought me letters of recommendation from [several?] persons of rank and character there informing me that his fa[mily?] having from some circumstances lost their fortune there, [he had?] determined to come and settle in America, and ende[avor to] get into some business by which he might live. He [appearing?] to be under age at that time, some others as well as my[self in]terested ourselves and got him placed with [\u2026] public. After doing business for some time, in that [\u2026], [he] went into mercantile business and so continues. I [\u2026] of the particular  time when he executed the formal [\u2026] himself an American citizen; but he certainly [\u2026] with that intention. Having observed him to be [of extraordi]nary activity, diligence, and cleverness in whatever [\u2026] to, it is with pleasure I perform this homage to [honor?] and to truth, and shall be sincerely happy if you think [this] information from me may authorize any act on your part which may prevent the wreck of his infant fortunes, which he seems to apprehend. I have the honor to be with great respect Sir Your most obedt & most humble servt.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0007", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Horatio Gates, 5 January 179[4]\nFrom: Gates, Horatio\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nRose Hill 5th: January 1793. [i.e. 1794]\nThe Hermit of Rose Hill sees it confirmed by Yesterdays post, that you have actually Resign\u2019d your Office! but his prophetic Soul, Augurs no Benefit to the State by such a Sacrafice; If the best Seamen abandon the Ship in a Storm, she must Founder; and if all Human means are neglected, Providence will not Care for The Vessel; She must Perish! A Hermit, as He knows little of what passes in the World, cannot reason from Causes, to Conduct; He can only Lament your going to Monte  Celli, when you seem so much wanted at philadelphia. Your Report to Congress upon the Trade of the US., Has Filled every Patriot Breast with Gratitude; and Admiration; You therefore Retreat covered with Glory; The Public Gratitude may one day Force You from that Retreat, so make no rash Promises, lest like other great Men you should be Tempted to break them. If you go to Virginia, I request you will deliver the Letters, and Letter Book, which I had the pleasure to send you last Summer, to the Post Office. If you come this Way the Hermits Cell is open to receive You. That Heaven may prosper You, wherever you go, is the prayer of Your Faithful Humble Servant,\nHoratio Gates\nP.S. Mrs. Gates presents you her Compliments.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0010", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Harry Innes, 21 January 1794\nFrom: Innes, Harry\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDr Sir\nKentucky January 21st: 1794\nAgreable to the promise contained in my last Letter I now inclose you the Remonstrance drawn and circulated by the Democratic society in this state. I shall only observe that it here meets with very general approbation.\nI think I hinted in my Letter that foreign aid had been offered to Kentucky; it has been told me to day that Majr. Genl. Logan of the state Militia has resigned his state command and taken an Appointment of-I expect-a Brig. Genl. under the Repub. of France. Your old friend Clarke is first in command. It is also said that Colo. John Montgomery late of the Ileonoise Regiment has embodied 200 men in the Cumberland settlement and hath marched to the mouth of that River where he is now encamped and lately took several Boats loaded with provision destined for New Orleans.\nThese communications are made to you from report-yet I beleive are facts and are intended to inform you of the temper and opinions of the Western people on the subject of the Navigation of the Mississippi that Government may be watchful and take decissive measures in that business. You may rest assured that nothing has kept the people in this quarter quiet on that interesting subject but the furnishments made to the Army for two years past. I am with great regard Dr Sir your friend & Servt.\nHarry Innes", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0011", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Robert Leslie, 22 January 1794\nFrom: Leslie, Robert\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nSir\nLondon January 22d 1794.\nI have Just receved your favour of December 12th. and return you my sincear thank for your good wishes, and shall do my best, to desarve them in future. I am sorry it is not in my power to alter the watch agreeable to your directions, as the numbers in wheels are not calculated for that pinion to make exactly one revolution in a minut, but if a delay of about two months will not be trespassing too much I hope to send you a watch that will answer much better for your own ware, for since the one intended for Miss Jefferson was begun, I have made som improvement on the gowing part of Watches, which had been examined by most of the best artists here, and has been acknowledged by all (tho aganst the intrest of several of them) to be the greatest improvement ever made in watches. It would requier a number of drawing &c to give you an Idea of them, and as I hope you will soon see one of the Watches I shall only mension, that one of the improvements, gives a perfect uniform motion to the Ballance, with out any of the wheels acting on it, the Ballance has a vibration of a whole circle, each way, and no friction whatever, but its own pivots, which in Dimond holes is very little. Four Watches of this kind, for the use of navigation, are now finished, and ware engaged by the first four Sea Captains that saw them, and a number of others are ordred. On the 13th. of December I obtained Patents for the above and fourteen other improvements in Clock and Watch work. I applyed for them early in the fall, but the business was retard by several Caveats being entred by different watchmakers, but when it came to the attorney genls office, they all withdrew reather than stand trial.\nI am sorry to hear of your resignation, as I know it will be lamented by every American who is A lover of Liberty and his Country, but since it is your Choice, I wish you maney happy day in your Retierment, and if thare is any thing I can serve you in I hope you will at all times command your very humble Servent\nRobert Leslie\nNB I am sorry you ware so unfortunate with the Clocks and whatever expence you ware at after I left Philada. for altering the large one, and the price of the small one, you will please to deduct from the bill of the Watch when, you recive it.\nR Leslie", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0012", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Archibald Stuart, 26 January 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Stuart, Archibald\nDear Sir\nMonticello Jan. 26. 1794.\nYour favor of the 22d. has been duly received, and, in consequence of it, my manager Mr. Biddle now sets out for the sheep, as the approach of the yeaning season leaves no time to spare as to them. I could have wished to have made one trip serve for them and the potatoes: but I am advised that the latter would be in danger of freezing on the road. I must therefore, as to them wait for milder weather.\nI arrived at home on the 15th. inst. When I left Philadelphia there was a great dearth of foreign news. Since my arrival here there are rumors favorable to France; but I know nothing particular. The Federal house of Representatives had given some pleasing expectations of their dispositions, by one or two leading votes. However, Mr. Madison\u2019s propositions, set for the 13th. inst. would be a better proof of the character of the majority. I think the next week\u2019s post may bring us some vote or votes on them which may indicate what we are to expect.\u2014Now settled at home as a farmer I shall hope you will never pass without calling, and that you will make this your head quarters whenever you visit the neighborhood. Accept sincere assurances of my friendship & respect\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0013", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Thomas Pinckney, with Jefferson\u2019s Note, 29 January 1794\nFrom: Pinckney, Thomas,Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nMy dear Sir\nLondon 29 Jany. 1794\nI have to acknowledge your private favor of the 12th. of December covering a bill for 13 st. which is duly honor\u2019d. I wish the threshing machine may answer the purpose, I have no doubt that on a proper  stream of water the effect of it would be astonishingly great and the principle being accurately described in the model may be applied to smaller machines for farmers whose strength of Cattle may not reach the power of this. Mr. Patersons Machine was worked by two strong horses at a time, the Diameter of his threshing wheel was greater than in your model being I think 8 feet and its velocity much less. The motion was given in a contrary direction whereby the grain instead of being thrown over the top of the wheel fell under it through a grating prepared for the purpose. Have you thought of the method used here occasionally of combing off the ears of the wheat? or of putting it as soon as threshed into cool subterraneous vaults, which I am told is the practice in Sicily? I am not without hopes that notwithstanding your former determination circumstances will have induced you to retain your situation beyond the time you had limited. I beg you to be assured, my dear Sir, that whether you continue in or retire from public office you possess the sincere attachment of Your affectionate & respectful Servt.\nThomas Pinckney\n[Notes in TJ\u2019s hand:]\nCogs &c of the wheels\nFor every mile, by the hour, of the horse\u2019s motion the threshing wheel turns 100 times a minute.\nViz. if the horse goes\n  miles an hour, the wheel turns\n  times a minute", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0015", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Horatio Gates, 3 February 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Gates, Horatio\nDear General\nMonticello Feb. 3. 1794.\nI left Philadelphia on the very day of the friendly letter you wrote me, and consequently it came to me at this place. The letter book with which you were so kind as to entrust me, came to my hands some little time before the infectious fever broke out at Philadelphia. I was just about putting it into confidential hands to extract the letters to or from myself, when that disorder obliged us to a precipitate flight, and I brought the book to this place where it is now safe. I have been arrived here but a short time. Within two months from this date a nephew comes to live with me whom I shall employ in making the extracts, and soon after that I will find some sure opportunity of conveying it to you. In the mean time have no anxieties about it, as it is sacredly safe here, and shall be most faithfully restored.\nI receive with emotions of sincere pleasure your kind expressions of friendship, and invitations to Rose-hill, and make grateful acknolegements to Mrs. Gates and yourself, but the length of my tether is now fixed for life from Monticello to Richmond. My private business can never call me elsewhere, and certainly politics will not, which I have ever hated both in theory and practice. I thought myself conscientiously called from those studies which were my delight by the political crisis of my country and by those events quorum pars magna fuisti. In storms like those all hands must be aloft. But calm is now restored, and I leave the bark with joy to those who love the sea. I am but a landsman, forced from my element by accident, regaining it with transport, and wishing to recollect nothing of what I have seen, but my friendships. Some of these are indeed very dear to my heart. I shall cherish them in my thoughts, in my conversations and in my letters. But I think it more probable you should return to bask in the genial sunshine of this country, than that I should go to shiver under the frozen skies of the North. Adieu my dear General & friend and accept assurances of my constant affections & respect.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0016", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Innes, 3 February 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Innes, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello Feb. 3. 1794.\nHaving occasion for information as to the practice [of the] Genl. court in a particular matter, wherein it may probably be very different from what it was when I was more familiar with it, I have no acquaintance at the bar to whom I would be more willingly indebted for it than yourself. In settling a sterling debt and the paiments made on it, do they convert them into currency? at the legal exchange? or at the exchange current at market at the moment? If at the legal exchange, would it be that which was so at the moment of contracting the debt, and of making paiments, (if while the legal exchange was 25. pr. Cent) or at the present legal exchange of 33\u2153? Can you pardon this intrusion on you, as well as the request for a line of answer by the return of post, as it respects a case on which I am pressed to decide? I shall have the pleasure of seeing you in Richmond as soon as it recommences business, and am at all times with sincere esteem & respect Dear Sir Your friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0017", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Edmund Randolph, 3 February 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\nDear Sir\nMonticello Feb. 3. 1794.\nI have to thank you for the transmission of the letters from Genl. Gates, La Motte, and Hauterive. I perceive by the latter that the partisans of the one or the other principle (perhaps of both) have thought my name a convenient cover for declarations of their own sentiments. What those are to which Hauterive alludes, I know not, having never seen a newspaper since I left Philadelphia (except those of Richmond) and no circumstances authorize him to expect that I should enquire into them, or answer him. I think it is Montaigne who has said that ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head. I am sure it is true as to every thing political, and shall endeavor to estrange myself to every thing of that character. I indulge myself on one political topic only, that is, in [dis]closing to my countrymen the shameless corruption of a [por]tion of the representatives in the 1st. and 2d. Congresses and their implicit devotion to the treasury. I think I do good in this, because it  may produce exertions to reform the evil on the success of which the form of the government is to depend.\nI am [sorry] La Motte has put me to the expence of 140# for a French translation of an English poem, as I make it a rule never to read translations where I can read the original. However the question now is how to get the book brought here, as well as the communications with Mr. Hammond which you are so kind as to promise me. I must pray you to deliver them to Mr. Madison or Colo. Monroe with a request that they will send them to Colo. Gamble by the first person coming in the stage to [Richmond], endorsing on the packet that they are to be put into the post office. As you are still interested in the agriculture of this country, I will mention to you that on James river the small grain never wore so dismal an appearance at this season. A snow of about 8. Inches fell five days ago, and is likely to lie so[me day]s longer. This will help it. At Richmond, our market, no property of any form, would command money even before the interruption of business by the small pox. Produce might be bartered at a low price for goods at a high one. One house alone bought wheat at all, and that on credit. I take this to be the habitual state of the markets on James river, to which shortlived exceptions have existed when some particular cash commission for purchases has been received from abroad. I know not how it is on the other rivers, and therefore say nothing as to them.\nThis is the first letter I have written to Philadelphia since my arrival at home, and yours the only ones I have received. Accept assurances of my sincere esteem and respect. Your\u2019s affectionately\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0018", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from O. A. Bertrand, 8 February 1794\nFrom: Bertrand, O. A.\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nMonseigneur\nLondre ce 8 fev: 1794.\nJ\u2019ai L\u2019honneur de vous envo\u00efer les pieces ci incluses; je crois, quelles vous feront plaisir, parcequ\u2019il m\u2019a paru, Lorsque j\u2019ai eu L\u2019honneur de vous voir chez le Sieur thouin en 1785, que vous preniez de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 la digression, que je faisois Sur la f\u00e9condation v\u00e9g\u00e9tale et artificielle; je  vous prie Monseigneur de porter \u00e0 la connoissance des Etats Unis, et que S\u2019ils croyoient, qu\u2019il Seroit util \u00e0 L\u2019Amerique de faire instruire quelques orphelins Americains dans la culture Belgique; que je m\u2019empresserai de me Charger de cette b\u00e9sogne Sans en exiger aucune r\u00e9compense; ce Seroit avec le m\u00eame empressement et le m\u00eame d\u00e9sinteressement, que j\u2019enverrois les graines, arbres, plantes, animaux, oiseaux, et tous les autres articles qui pourroient int\u00earesser les Etats Unis; je croirois Monseigneur, que comme on \u00e9tablit Souvent des consuls dans des pa\u00efs \u00e9trangers, qu\u2019il Seroit avantageux aux \u00e9tats Unis d\u2019\u00e9tablir au pa\u00efs bas un consul agronomique; S\u2019ils Suivoient mon opinion; je communiquerai volontier \u00e0 ce consul mes id\u00e9es Sur beaucoup de points d\u2019agricultures; j\u2019ai L\u2019honneur d\u2019\u00eatre avec beaucoup de respect et en vous offrant mes Services aux pa\u00efs bas Monseigneur votre tr\u00e8s-humble et ob\u00e9issant Serviteur\nO: A: Bertrand avocat et Cultivateur\nP.S. Je Suppose Monseigneur que Le commencement de mes ouvrages, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire le guide du cultivateur et des annales demonstratives; que le sieur devaltravers S\u2019\u00e8toit Charg\u00e9 de vous envo\u00efer, vous sera parvenu: Si vous daigniez de m\u2019ecrire, Les Sieurs Dubois Log\u00e9s \u00e0 Londre New Bassinghal Street; Se Sont charg\u00e9s de me fair parvenir mes lettres.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0019", "content": "Title: Enclosure I: List of Notes, 8 February 1794\nFrom: Bertrand, O. A.\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nEnclosuresIList of Notes\nL\u2019avocat Bertrand a L\u2019honneur d\u2019offrir Au Seigneur Jefferson Secretaire d\u2019Etats des Etats Unis d\u2019Amerique des notes instructives sur les points suivans.\nnotes instructives sur les meilleurs mo\u00ffens de perfectioner L\u2019agriculture et l\u2019\u00e9conomie rurale.\nnotes instructives sur les meilleurs mo\u00ffens de perfectioner les arts et Sciences.\nnotes instructives sur les meilleurs mo\u00ffens de soulager les pauvres.\nnotes instructives sur les meilleurs mo\u00ffens de guerir et de prevenir beaucoup de maladies de L\u2019homme et des animaux.\nces notes sont le fruit de vingt ans de recherches et de m\u00e9ditations; si vous daignez de les agr\u00e9\u00e9r j\u2019aurai L\u2019honneur de vous Les envo\u00efer.\nO: A: Bertrand", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-08-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0020", "content": "Title: Enclosure II: Agricultural Prospectus, 8 February 1794\nFrom: Bertrand, O. A.\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nIIAgricultural Prospectus\nDescription de quelques demonstrations exp\u00e9rimentales, que L\u2019avocat Bertrand d\u00e9sireroit de faire par un de ses fils dans les environs de la ville de Washington, que les Etats Unis d\u2019Amerique font batir.\n  Demonstrations exp\u00e9rimentales sur les meilleurs proc\u00e9d\u00e9s \u00e0 Suivre pour constater la nature des sols et des terreins et pour les ameliorer.\n  Demonstrations exp\u00e9rimentales sur les meilleurs proc\u00e9d\u00e9s a Suivre pour d\u00e9terminer la nature des v\u00e9getaux. A\nA Si on ne connoit pas exactement la nature des terreins et les mo\u00ffens de les ameliorer, Si on ne connoit pas exactement la nature des v\u00e9getaux, qu\u2019on cultive, il est impossible de poser des regles fixes et certaines pour perfectioner l\u2019agriculture; il est donc util pour ne point dire n\u00e9cessaire de faire les demonstrations exp\u00e9rimentales mention\u00e9s Sub N 1 et 2.\n  Demonstrations exp\u00e9rimentales sur les meilleurs proced\u00e9s \u00e0 Suivre pour perfectioner les especes et vari\u00e9t\u00e9s des vegetaux. B\n  B L\u2019abondance et la perfection des r\u00e9coltes dependant notoirement en grande partie de la perfection des especes et des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s des v\u00e9getaux, il est de la plus grande importance de d\u00e9terminer exp\u00e9rimentalement les meilleurs proc\u00e9d\u00e9s pour les perfectioner.\n  Demonstrations exp\u00e9rimentales Sur des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s inconnues des [v\u00e9g\u00e9taux]. C\n  C La richesse et la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 des Nations dependent en partie des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et avantages, qu\u2019on peut tirer des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux; il est donc int\u00e9ressant de les Conno\u00eetre et de les Conno\u00eetre exp\u00e9rimentalement, ceux Sur les quels je me propose de faire mes d\u00e9monstrations exp\u00e9rimentales vaudroient des millions Aux Etats Unis.\n  Demonstrations exp\u00e9rimentales Sur les meilleurs proc\u00e9d\u00e9s \u00e0 Suivre pour perfectioner la garance et les autres matieres Colorantes. D.\n  D Il est tr\u00e8s-notoir, que la perfection des fabriques d\u00e9pend en grande partie de la perfection de la teinture et que la teinture depend de la perfection des matieres colorantes; il est donc util de d\u00e9terminer experimentalement les meilleurs proc\u00e9d\u00e9s pour les perfectioner.\n  Demonstrations exp\u00e9rimentales Sur des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s nouveaux de perfectioner la culture du Chanvre et du rouissage, item Sur des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s nouveaux pour bassiner la filace et la blanchir. E\nE La culture du chanvre occupe beaucoup de terrein, ses produits sont d\u2019une Consideration majeure \u00e0 plusieurs \u00e9gards, il est donc tr\u00e8s-n\u00e9cessaire, que les demonstrations qui tendent \u00e0 Sa perfection aient Lieu.\n  Demonstrations exp\u00e9rimentales Sur les meilleurs mo\u00ffens d\u2019augmenter et de perfectioner les engrais, item Sur le mo\u00ffen de conduire autant d\u2019engrais Sur une Charrette, qu\u2019on conduit ordinairement Sur vingt et plus. F.\nF Les terrein Steriles, qu\u2019on a rendu au pa\u00efs bas \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture, et la grande richesse, qu\u2019on \u00ff tire de la terre, prouvent \u00e0 L\u2019\u00e9vidence que les engrais Sont pour ainsi dire L\u2019ame et le Soutient de l\u2019agriculture; augmenter les engrais, les perfectioner, diminuer les frais du Charriage, Sont donc des objets, qui m\u00e9ritent la plus grande attention; je m\u2019en suis particulierement occup\u00e9, mes demonstrations le prouveront \u00e0 L\u2019\u00e9vidence.\n  Demonstrations exp\u00e9rimentales sur des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s nouveaux, et qui n\u2019ont encore \u00e9t\u00e9 emploi\u00e9s par aucune nation pour d\u00e9fricher toutes les terres incultes, et pour lever les obstacles ordinaires le defaut de bras, d\u2019argent, et d\u2019engrais. H.\nH L\u2019utilit\u00e9 des defrichemens, est d\u2019une notori\u00e9t\u00e9 si \u00e9vidente, qu\u2019elle n\u2019a pas besoin d\u2019\u00e9tre relev\u00e9e; les recherches que j\u2019ai faites Sur cet objet, et les r\u00e9sultats, que j\u2019en ai eu me convainquent de la Sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 de mes proc\u00e9d\u00e9s Sur ceux, qu\u2019on emploi ordinairement; les demonstrations esp\u00e9rimentales, que je desire de faire, ne laisseroient aucun doute de leur utilit\u00e9.\nSi Le seigneur Secretaire jugoit de L\u2019utilit\u00e9 de ces demonstrations, comme J\u2019en juge, je le Supplie de les presenter en mon nom aux Etats Unis, en observant, qu\u2019il faudroit au moins mille acres de terre pour faire ces demonstrations convenablement et en grand, acres, que j\u2019espererois d\u2019obtenir en pleine propri\u00e9t\u00e9, attendu que les demonstrations vaudroient des millions aux Etats Unis.\nO: A: Bertrand", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0021", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Tobias Lear, 12 February 1794\nFrom: Lear, Tobias\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nLondon Feby. 12, 1794.\nThe enclosed papers were put into my hands yesterday by M. Bertrand, whom I have met several times since I have been in this City. This gentleman is spoken of as a great Agriculturalist, and is much esteemed, as I am informed, by the Society of Agriculture in this Kingdom. His propositions, however, are not such as are likely to meet with encouragement in the United States and so I told him; but as he told me  he had been known to you while you was in Europe, I could not decline taking charge of and forwarding his papers.\nMy passage from New York to Scotland was short, and I have met with every thing since I have been in this country that ought to make it personally agreeable to me; but sure I am that had I been ever so deeply impressed with a love of aristocracy before I came here, I have seen enough to have excited the utmost abhorrence of it. I have mixed with all ranks of society in this Kingdom, and excepting among a few of the higher class, I have found a strong expression of good will toward the U.S., and a high admiration of their government, with a full persuasion of the happiness of the people under it. My observations on these points are not very limited, for I have been in various parts of the Kingdom, and, as I observed before, among all ranks of men. At this critical juncture it will not be wise in me to detail opinions on the state of things. But I can venture to say from the best view I am able to take of matters, that France will triumph, and that the cord is drawn so tight here that it must break, and that at no very distant period. The prayer of good men here is that the U.S. may be kept at peace, and that the citizens thereof may be vigilent in guarding against those insidious advances of power which are so peculiarly dangerous to free governments.\nI cannot but hope, my dear Sir, that you are still at Philadelphia and in the exercise of the office in which I left you. It is not my personal friendship for you that leads to this hope, but a conviction of the benefit which the U. S. must derive therefrom. With the most sincere wishes for your health and happiness, and with sentiments of pure respect and attachment, I am, Dear Sir, your obliged friend and Svt.\nTobias Lear", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0022", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Hartman Elliot, 15 February 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Elliot, Hartman\nSir\nMonticello Feb. 15. 1794.\n  I received three days ago your favor of January 18. and am sorry to find by it that your driver has defrauded you of ten dollars. I was to pay you for your stage 5. dollars a day for seven days, and ferriages. I paid the ferriages and toll to Fredericksburg myself, exactly 2. dollars, and at Fredericksburg I paid your driver thirty five dollars for the stage, two dollars for his ferriages and toll [\u2026], and 1. dollar gratuity. This I copy from my travelling memorandums, to which I have recurred. I also took  his reciept in the following words. \u2018Recieved of Thomas Jefferson thirty five dollars for the hire of Mr. Hartman\u2019s carriage from Baltimore to Fredericksburg, and two dollars ferriages in full this 12th. day of January 1794. John  Williams.\u2019 And I now inclose you the original receipt. Besides this my memory serves to assure me there was no mistake in counting the money: for in the morning before my arrival at Fredericksburg I remember counting 30. dollars and placing them in the top of my portmanteau, where I could get at them easily; and as soon almost as I arrived at Fredericksburg I called him in, paid him the 30. dollars, added a 5. dollar Baltimore bank note which I had received from Mr. Brent and had in my waistcoat pocket, and two other dollars for the ferriages, the amount of which I did not know in the morning as I had still another river to cross. I went in the afternoon into the country, but returned between 9. and 10. the next morning, saw and spoke with your driver, and he had then an opportunity of mentioning any error in counting money, if there had been any. But I know there had been none, and so does he. I am Sir your humble servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0023", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 15 February 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello Feb. 15. 1794.\nWe are here in a state of great quiet, having no public news to agitate us. I have never seen a Philadelphia paper since I left that place, nor learnt any thing of later date except some successes of the French the account of which seemed to have come by our vessel from Havre. It was said yesterday at our court that Genet was to be recalled: however nobody could tell how the information came. We have been told that Mr. Smith\u2019s speech and your\u2019s also on your propositions have got into Davis\u2019s papers, but none of them have reached us. I could not have supposed, when at Philadelphia, that so little of what was passing there  could be known even at Kentuckey, as is the case here. Judging from this of the rest of the Union, it is evident to me that the people are not in a condition either to approve or disapprove of their government, nor consequently to influence it.\u2014I have been occupied closely with my own affairs, and have therefore never been from home since my arrival here. I hear nothing yet of the second person whom I had engaged as an overseer from the head of Elk, and the first I fear will prove a poor acquisition. Consequently I am likely to lose a year in the reformation of my plantations.\u2014The winter has been remarkeably mild. No demand for produce of any kind, at any market of James river. Tobacco and wheat may be bartered at low prices for goods at high. But neither can be sold for cash. This was the state of things at Richmond when business was stopped by the smallpox. Here we can get tea at 2\u00bd Dollars, white sugar at 38 Cents, coffee @ 25. cents &c for wheat @ 66 \u2154. Accept for yourself, Colo. & Mrs. Monroe my affectionate respects\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-22-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0024", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Tench Coxe, 22 February 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nPhilada. Feby. 22d. 1794\nI hope, Sir, that this letter will find [you] settled in your retreat at Monticello. It is the first which I have had the honor to address to you since your departure.\nI congratulate you on the temperate conduct of the French Convention towards the U.S. in regard to the late Altercations of Mr. Genet with our Government and his conduct in general. I understood yesterday from the P. that Mr. Fauchet, their new Minister, on the occasion  of his being received that day, had made the most satisfactory communications on those topics. This is in every view a happy circumstance. No less so for France than for the United States. It will disappoint a few persons, I am uncharitable enough to believe, who would not be dissatisfied to see a settled misunderstanding between the two Countries, and who do not like to see the Convention evince a sobriety and attachment towards those who wish them well, which it is often alleged they neither feel nor shew to any body. We are now in a good state with France, and I hope none among us will shew that the lashing of Mr. Genet proceeded from deeper and more important sources, than offence at his conduct.\nThe combined powers appear to be disposed to carry on the war, and are now trying to engage the Minor states of Europe with them. Genoa and Tuscany appear to be forced into the business. The Pressure on Denmark is seriously increased by the demand made upon their king, to furnish his Quota to the Germanic body as Duke of Holstein. I hope the french will be wise enough to consider this as no more in Substance, than the conduct of a power bound by treaty to furnish a specific supply of troops, or ships to their Enemies.\nToulon appears stronger on the land Side than was expected, and the gradual addition of force is such that if the french do not give the combined army a stroke in that quarter, there may be danger that some of the insurgents may be drawn into action in the South of France. The Sortie under the Commander in chief is a symptom however, of a pretty serious internal Situation. The check given to the Garrison on the occasion is therefore of real importance.\nThe month of November and the two first days of December appear to have exhibited the sharpest operations of the Campain, in the N.E. departments and on the borders of Germany. The severity of the climate and season will probably suspend the operations of the Germans in that quarter. Yet the state of things is so critical there that the French have the strongest impulses to further operations, and the allies have inducements no less powerful. To regain Weissembourg, or to possess Alsace for the winter must be important objects to the two sides.\nThe Armies of Flanders, and the North appear to be withdrawn from operation. The Germans will no doubt try hard to make their acquisitions in that quarter secure.\nWe do not find the insurgents around the Loire suppressed. The expedition under Lord Moira now reanimates them.\nThe french exhibit increasing prowess, but it appears to be all necessary for the task imposed upon them. I do not know what the coldness of the Dutch, the dissatisfactions in Britain, Ireland, and Poland, the  exhausted state of the finances and Treasuries of the combined powers, and their own energies may do for them this winter, but at present it does not appear certain that any of their enemies will withdraw from another trial. The next campain, must be bloody (from the increased military abilities of the french, and the excessive acrimony on both sides) beyond all former examples. The struggle however does not appear to be less promising than in 1792 and 1793.\nOur chances of peace, considering all circumstances seem to be as great as we could have expected. Unless a very triumphant success should attend the Enemies of France, it appears likely, that nothing like a formal war will be made upon us. But I expect to see disagreeable things in the Course of the summer. The bringing in and selling french prizes will prove a bone of Contention, I fear, particularly the latter. If the British succeed in the west Indies, we shall have their ships moving in those Seas, and no good can grow out of the freedom of our ports to ships of war, which are not under any check from a navy or from forts. We have seen how unpleasant these things may be in the Cases, which have occured this Season on the part of the French.\nI do not think there is more moderation in our parties than when you left us. Personalities, which lessen the pleasures of Society, or prevent their being sought, have occured in private and at Tables. You will remember that I mentioned my opinion that one person would be greatly incommoded by the excessive Spirit of that kind, which was manifest and increasing. So it has happened. However, honest public views and principles give him the necessary firmness\u2014and will continue to produce that effect, I trust. Nothing has occur\u2019d, in the public eye or otherwise I beleive to abstract from the comforts of Mr. Randolph\u2019s Situation. Mr. Bradford\u2019s appointment was on the whole the best that could be made, in relation to his Ease and Satisfaction. I believe it will eventually serve and satisfy the public, even in these difficult times.\nI understand that Messrs. Priestlys and Cooper have decided upon the Banks of the Loyal Loch, 140 miles N.W. of Philada. in Pennsa. and that they have bought very largely. Another concern of the same description from Devonshire, seem determined upon Kentucky. The fate of the British Convention in Scotland will give extent to these Emigrations and Investments. I have the Honor to be with perfect respect, Sir, yr. most obedt. & mo. hble Servant\nTench Coxe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "02-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0025", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Tench Coxe, 27 February 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nSir\nPhilada. Feb. 27. 1794.\nThe inclosed accounts of the recapture of Toulon will give you satisfaction in a high degree. They are believed here by all parties. It is added that the Earl of Moira has returned without landing his Army in Britanny. This is the most important Advice we have received since the war, as I have the honor to mention to you confidentially, that Mr. P. writes from L. that Ld. Granville has finally answered in regard to the posts\u2014that after so long and injurious a delay to perform the Treaty on our part the article relative to the posts could not be considered as binding! I wish this be carefully retained in your own bosom until or unless you have it from some other quarter, tho I have it not in official Confidence.\nYou will see in Fenno\u2019s Gazette an article extracted from an octavo volume of American papers I am republishing here, of which I shall have the honor to present you with a copy. I do not believe it will be completed before the rising of Congress. I have the honor to be in great haste yr. mo. respectful & mo. obedt. St.\nTench Coxe\nMr. Fauchet continues to hold the most satisfactory language.\nLd. G. acknowledged that Mr. Logie procured the Algerine truce, but said it was not to surprize us, but to leave the Portuguese fleet free to act on their views\u2014confidential.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0027", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Monroe, 3 March 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhila. March 3. 1794.\nThe avidity with which I knew you sought retirement and peace, undisturbed by political occurrences, with the further consideration that no event of any importance had taken place since you left us, prevented my trespassing on you sooner. I am perfectly satisfied you will find in that retirement a contentment and tranquility not to be hoped for in publick life. And yours will be the greater, because you carry to it, notwithstanding the important and even turbulent scenes you have passed thro\u2019, not only the approbation of your own heart, and of your countrymen generally, but the silence and of course the constrained approbation of your enemies. I look forward with pleasure to the period, and it shall be no distant one, when I shall occupy as your neighbour the adjoining farm. To this end all my plans will hereafter have an undeviating reference, and I consider the death of Mrs. Monroe\u2019s father, an event lately taken place, lessening her attachment to this quarter of our country, as calculated to precipitate it.\nYou were aware of the motive in commencing the session by some act, connected with the present state of our affairs, founded on the publick sentiment, and which should at the same time vindicate our rights and interests, and likewise shun all possible pretext for war, on the part of the power it was meant to affect. And that the propositions introduc\u2019d by Mr. Madison were thought best calculated to accomplish this object. Of their fate so far he says he will inform you, so that I need only add on that subject, that whether they succeed or not, they will certainly tend to open the eyes of the Eastern people respecting the conduct of their representatives as well as of the motive for it. Information is all they want: An opposition to our carrying trade by their own members, will affect them, in such a manner, they will all know the fact, and understand the motive. I therefore hope for the best effects from the discussion of these propositions, and think symtoms to the Eastward authorize the expectation it will be verified.\nOn friday last the Senate 14. to 12. declared that Mr. Gallatin had not been 9. years a citizen of the U. States when elected and that his seat was vacant. Upon this occasion Mr. H. of N. C. left us which prevented a division, and a decision from the chair; we have reason to beleive that decision would have been with us, from what has since transpired, upon the principle, his vote should not displace the sitting member. Morris had intimated in the beginning he should take no part in the question, but finding that Langdon was with us, and the question would probably  depend on his vote just before the vote was taken he rose and apologised for the necessity he was under from scruples of conscience (being convinc\u2019d he had no right to his seat) to vote his colleague out. It appeared he had been near 14. years a resident, 3. years in Mass: where he was a professor of Harvard College, and where there is no citizen law, and inhabitance makes citizenship, by the constitution of that state. In opposition to which it was contended that the Englh. alien laws were in force there and that it was the practice of the State to pass special acts of naturalization for foreigners. That \u201cinhabitant\u201d means native or person so naturalized, and that the Confn. (4th. article) could not make an inhabitant tho\u2019 for 50 years in that state, not born nor naturalized there, a citizen in another imigrating there. The opposit of this doctrine was urged in both instances, and in particular in the first, that special acts of naturalization might be intended to dispense with residence, or as favors, and at best could not controul the constn. of the State which was paramount and a rule to us. He had not taken the oath of fidelity 9. years when elected nor when he took his seat.\nAbout 3 weeks past a resolve passed the Senate by a majority of one for requesting the President to lay before the Senate the correspondence of Gr. Morris, with our Ex: and with that of France also. Two days past he laid before us a voluminous correspondence, stating \u201cthat he had omitted such parts as in his judgment ought not to be communicated.\u201d It has not yet been taken up. The opinion however of many is that his discretion should extend to time only\u2014but this assumes the controul over the whole subject and in all respects. The removal of Mr. G., if it would have been proper in any event to discuss this point (considering the Senate a branch of the legislature) will I presume prevent it.\nAbout a week past the question for opening the doors of the Senate was taken. By the 1st. vote it was rejected 14. to 13. Bradley of Verm: finding he could carry it moved to reconsider, which gained us immediately three others, and upon the final vote the opposition was reduc\u2019d to 8. or 9. only: Ellsworth &ca voting for it, to take effect next session.\nThe Indian Treaty formed by Putnam after lengthy discussion was rejected. The arrival of Mr. Fauchet has removed Mr. Genet who is still here and I believe under some difficulty how to shape his course, on which head nothing final has transpired. Fauchet was received with the most profound attention by the party heretofore opposed to his country and her cause. Tis probable they might hope the fate of his predecessor would warn him to shun not only his errors but likewise the friends of France, upon the idea they were the friends of Mr. Genet. But this calculation cannot be verified. He must soon find that the republican party here are the only friends of that cause in his own country, and that  it was owing to a zeal for that cause and a belief the man was honest, that his errors were in any degree tolerated by them. As yet the conduct of Fauchet appears to be reserved and prudent, and tis to be hoped he will finally take a course correspondent with what the interest of his country may require. We are well. Mrs. M. was called about three weeks past by the illness of Mr. Kortright to N. Yk. where she still is: I hope for her return in a few days. With great respect & esteem I am dear Sir sincerely yr. friend & servant\nJas. Monroe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0029", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Giuseppe Ceracchi, 11 March 1794\nFrom: Ceracchi, Giuseppe\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nFlorence 11 Mz; 1794\nWith graet satisfaction I have recieved the honour of your first letter dated from Philodelphia the 14 of last Nov. in which I find explaned the case that retards the resolution on the intended Monument, which at any time that it will be resolved, I shall consider it as the most honorable commission coming to me throughof your inflonce with the United States, and the patronage you are plesed to grant me.\nYour bust Sir is finished so far as my ability, and sentiments that I fil for the respectable Original coul\u2019d permit me, I shall only aske your permission not to be defroded of the honnour of dedicating it to your Family. I must Kepe it with me few days more on request of several persons that having Know you in Urope will indolge them to see it.\nYou will never imagin Sir that I was exiled from Rome by the iniquos Priestes whom governed onder the influence of ignorance and superstition they feard of my principles of Liberty that I had certanly much moro improved in America but son time will show who shall be in the Wright.\nThinking upon the Idea I had the honour to exibited to the Congress concerning the Monument I find it susceptible of an impruvement therfor I am very eger with all my poetical immaggination of brigning it to a perfection, and as son as I esstablished as I intend; shall comunicated to you. Accept assurences of my estime and sincere respect\nJo: Ceracchi\nP.S. With your bust Sir I shall send you a profil executed in alabaster as large as the life of my friend Mr: Maddison. I bag you to accept it as a memory of so respectable man, and at same time afford me an occasion to show my sentiment of attachement to him. I trid to do it in marbre as rapresented with the bust I modeled but the block [torned?] with Spots and my situation in trables did\u2019nt permit me to performe my proposition.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0030", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Monroe, 11 March 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Monroe, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello Mar. 11. 1794.\nThe small pox at Richmond has cut off the communication by post to or through that place. I should have thought it Davies\u2019s duty to have removed his office a little way out of town, that the communication might not have been interrupted. Instead of that it is said the inhabitants of the country are to be prosecuted because they thought it better to refuse a passage to his post riders than take the small pox from them. Straggling travellers who have ventured into Richmd. now and then leave a newspaper with Colo. Bell. Two days ago we got that with the debates on the postponement of Mr. Madison\u2019s propositions. I have never received a letter from Philadelphia since I left it except a line or two once from E.R. There is much enquiry for the printed correspondence with Hammond, of which no copy had come to Richmond some days ago. We have heard of one at Staunton.\nOur winter was mild till the middle of January. But since the 22d. of that month (when my observations begun) it has been 23. mornings out of 49. below the freezing point, and once as low as 14\u00b0. It has also been very wet. Once a snow of 6. I. which lay 5. days, and lately a snow of 4 I. which laid on the plains 4. days. There have been very few ploughing days since the middle of January, so that the farmers were never backwarder in their preparations. Wheat we are told is from \u215a to 6/ at Richmond, but whether cash can be got for it I have not heard. At  Milton it is 4/6 payable in goods only at from 50. to 100. per cent above the Philadelphia prices, which renders the wheat worth in fact half a dollar. I do not believe that 1000 bushels of wheat could be sold at Milton and Charlottesville for 1/ a bushel cash. Such is the present scarcity of cash here, and the general wretched situation of commerce in this country. We are told that the market for wheat at Richmond will cease on the departure of the French fleet.\nOne of your people called on me the other day to speak about engrafting for you. The weather was then very severe, and I advised him to let it alone a few days. It is now fine, and I hope he will come soon. He seemed at a loss where to make his nursery. He said you had ordered it to be at your house, but that you had not then determined to sell it; and that since it\u2019s being advertised you had given no orders. I advised him to consider your offering the place for sale as a change of orders, and to go and prepare a place for his Nursery at Carter\u2019s. He took the proposition ad referendum.\u2014We have often wondered together, when at Philadelphia, what our friends here could mean by saying they had nothing to write about. You now see that there is nothing but complaints for want of information\u2014for want of commerce,\u2014weather\u2014crops and such things as you are too little of a farmer to take much interest in. My affectionate respects to Mrs. Monroe & Mr. Madison, and accept them yourself also.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0031", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 12 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nThe Merchants, particularly of N. England have had a terrible slam in the W. Indies. About a hundred vessels have been seized by the British for condemnation, on the pretext of enforcing the laws of the Monarchy with regard to the Colony trade. The partizans of England, considering a war as now probable are endeavoring to take the lead in defensive preparations, and to acquire merit with the people by anticipating their wishes. This new symtom of insolence and enmity in Britain, shews either that she meditates a formal war as soon as she shall have crippled our marine resources, or that she calculates on the pusilanimity of this country and the influence of her party, in a degree that will lead her into aggressions which our love of peace can no longer bear. The commercial propositions are in this State of things, not the  precise remedy to be pressed as first in order; but they are in every view and in any event proper to make part of our standing Laws till the principle of reciprocity be established by mutual arrangements. Adieu\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0033", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Horatio Gates, 14 March 1794\nFrom: Gates, Horatio\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nRose Hill, 14: March, 1794\nI had the satisfaction to receive your very Obliging Letter of the 3d. of Feb: from Monte Cello; it came to hand when I was Ill of a Fever, I am now thank God, quite recover\u2019d; and have the pleasure to be able to acknowledge your kindness. I have never had the Smallest doubt, that if my letter book was in your hands but that it was as safe as in my Own; being satisfied of that, I am perfectly content; keep it as long as you see convenient. Neither Envy, nor persecution, can reap any benefit by calling my Conduct into Question; therefore I need no means of Defence; and for my own happyness, my conscience bids me be at peace. Happy that Fortune has placed me in circumstances, which I would not exchange for all the Honours, and Rewards, Fifteen Countries can Bestow\u2014Though I should have done, as you have done; I do not approve your Fixed Resolve; Great Talents, Joind to Great Integrity, should not be always retired to Monte-Cello; Our rough Diamond wants polishing, which can only be well done by Masterly, and Faithfull Hands; therefore, be not too positive. Should you be called to take the Diamond in Hand, be ready to Obey the Voice of a great Nation. The News from Toulon must have reached You; I think the King of Sardinia must Tremble for his Capital, for there is but little to prevent the Sans Culottes from possessing not only that, but the whole of his Continental Dominions. Irritated by Disappointment, and Disgraced by Defeat; the Combined Princes will Exhaust all their Policy, and all the Sinews of War, to Subdue France the next Campaign; but it will be in Vain; Their Crowns will be Humbled to the Dust! and we may possibly live to see, France, England, and America; the three great Republics of the World, Bound together in one Grand Alliance, Offensive, and Defensive. Then The philosopher of Monte Cello, and his Disciple at Rose Hill, will Moralize on the Instability of Human Greatness, and Expand their Minds in Contemplating the Vast happyness they have assisted to Establish both in the old, and new World; From whence not only the present, but the Mighty Generations yet to come are made Free.\nYou seem to think the Climate of Virginia preferable to this, I tried one Winter at Williamsburg, It rained all February, and March; of consequence, The Damp was Excessive; here it is at times severely Cold; but then it is Dry, and not unwholesome; we had this year no Cold, to call severe, until February; it is now the 14th: of March. The Frost is out of the Ground, and Peas were yesterday sown in my Garden; If there is an Eldorado in the Territory\u2019s of the US., it must be on that rising Ground that Seperates The Waters of the Cherokee River; from  the Waters of the Mobile; when the Time comes, that we can remove there with Ease, and Safety, If I am able I will Joyfully attend You, where we will Spin out a Cheerfull Old Age, in that charming Climate, where I am assured, Vegetation never ceases. Mrs: Gates presents her Respects, and I beg you to believe me, most respectfully, your Faithfull and Obedeint Servant,\nHoratio Gates\nP.S. I inclose this Mr. Maddison and request him to forward it to You.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0034", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 14 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. March 14. 1794.\nThe paper of yesterday inclosed, will give you a clue to the designs of the faction which has used Sedgwick for its organ. His immediate prompter will be seen both in his speech and in his propositions. Whether more be seriously aimed at than to embarrass the others which have been long depending, is by some doubted. Perhaps this may be one of the objects; but you understand the game behind the Curtain too well not to perceive the old trick of turning every contingency into a resource for accumulating force in the Government. It would seem however that less subtlety has prevailed in this than in some other instances. The ostensible reason for the provisional army is not only absurd; but remote from the present sensations of the public; and at the same time disarms the projectors of the cavil and calumny used with most success against the commercial propositions, towit, that they tended to provoke war by an unnecessary alarm and irritation to G. Britain. The commercial propositions were the subject of yesterday and will probably be resumed today. We admit that the change of appearances may require something further, but we contend that they ought to make part of our Code until the end be obtained; and that they will be proper whether we are to be at peace or war. In the former case they will have their intended operation: In the latter they will put our Extive. on the right ground for negocia[tion.]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0035", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Tench Coxe, 16 March 1794\nFrom: Coxe, Tench\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nSir\nPhilada. March 16. 1794.\nSince I had the honor to write you last the inclosed have been delivered to me by a person, who received them from Europe. They were not accompanied by a letter, but were said to have come from the Editor.\nLast Evenings post brought us the information from London under date of the 20th. Decemr. in Fenno\u2019s Gazette. It has added greatly to the former sensations on the Subject of the depredations on our commerce. The Merchants had entertained a wish, that a special mission to London might be adopted, to procure restitution and damages. But I find some damp has been thrown upon their hopes in that line. It is however among the ideas under consideration of the Government. The Secrecy which has been observed by the British Government in this Business is peculiarly exceptionable and shocking. Orders of the 6th. Novr. so material to our commercial harmony and peace not communicated to our Minister there on the 26th. of November, and most probably later\u2014apparently first published on the 20th. December in London\u2014and not known or communicated by their Minister here to this Hour present an example of the most injurious mode of executing the most injurious of measures. I am afraid this business will ruin many of our merchants unless indemnity be obtained from Britain, or unless it be taken from their property within our reach. The last is a dreadful idea, as a standing addition to the evils of war.\nHow happy is it that France has repelled the medley of Foes which possessed Toulon, and that the Expedition of the Earl of Moira is rendered abortive and disgraceful. You will observe the maltreatment of Britain appears to have been prior to the 20th. Decemr. and that the Affair of Toulon was of the 17th., 18 and 19th. and was known in London only on the 31st. Decemr.\u2014and in Paris about the 24th. or 25th. The effect of this pill upon the people of Britain cannot be known in the smallest degree, but if they are not worse than senseless things, it must work them most severely. The Dutch people are becoming deeply anxious, comfortless and dissatisfied. The French are at this moment more than ever en potence. Military ardor, experience, political enthusiasm, confidence in themselves, the keenest animosity against their enemies, temper to their few friends, and, it is positively asserted, a full treasury are immense advantages. I hope, at the meeting of parliament there will be some more favorable circumstances on the french side, for between the 19th. of Decr. and the 11th. of January the Toulon army might act in grand divisions with the forces against Spain Italy, and the insurgents.\nYou will perceive we are taking some measures calculated for defence, and even for offensive operations. I am uneasy at our want of Sulphur and saltpetre. We shall be exceedingly restrained in our operations, if forced into a war, by the want of Gun powder. The times are serious and critical in the highest degree yet I trust the Successes of France, and the immense expences and numerous disappointments of her Enemies will give us advices of January promising peace. If we should go to war it will be with the utmost indignation against Britain, and I trust with an Unanimity and Energy that will make her weep and blush at the remembrance of follies and her crimes. I have the honor to be with perfect respect, Sir, your most obedt. Servant\nTench Coxe\nIt now appears, that the accounts from Guernsey were true in two particulars out of three\u2014the taking of Toulon and the fate of Moiras Expedition. There was a third the defeat and retreat of Wurmser on the 26th. or 28th. Decr. The London paper of 1st. Jany. shews that the french were making continual and most serious attacks from the 16th. to the 20th. Decr. on Wurmser. I therefore give some faith to his being forced to retreat from Hageneau. By the 28th. he might know of the Affair of Toulon, and might expect it would give spirits and even reinforcements to the french force against him, and he might from prudence retreat. This, if confirmed will be a great matter.\nI mention the Idea of a mission to London confidentially as it occured in a conference with Mr. Randolph, which he would of course not wish to be generally mentioned, tho he would doubtless avail himself of your Counsel on the subject, if you were near enough.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0037", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Diodati, 17 March 1794\nFrom: Diodati-Tronchin, Jean, Count de\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nRolles en Suisse, pays de Vaud le 17. Mars 1794\nJe Suis parti de Paris en May 1792, pour venir dans ce pays, Ou je Suis rest\u00e9 jusques a pr\u00e9sent, et ou je resterai encore.\nEn cons\u00e9quence et venant de lire dans plusieurs papiers publics, qui l\u2019annon\u00e7ent comme une chose positive que Vous Vous \u00e9tes mon cher Monsieur, charg\u00e9 d\u2019une commission en France, Je m\u2019empresse de Vous offrir mon appartement a Paris, Rue le Pelletier, Sur le Boulevard, Vis \u00e0 Vis la Com\u00e9die Italienne lequel est tres bien Situ\u00e9, tres agr\u00e9able, Vaste et fort bien meubl\u00e9, et dans le quel Vous Serez a tous \u00e9gards convenablement. Il Sera doux a mon amiti\u00e9 de Vous Sentir log\u00e9 chez moi, et je me flatte, Qu\u2019il le Sera aussi a la Votre, ainsi, Vous ne refuserez point ma proposition que Vous me manderez avoir accept\u00e9e.\nJ\u2019envoye cette lettre au Ministre des Etats unis en France, Monsieur Morrits, pour vous la faire parvenir, la Ou il Vous s\u00e7aura ou Supposera, Sans autres d\u00e9taills, que je Supprime aussi icy, Sur toutes Sortes de Sujets. Je me borne donc a Vous dire, Qu\u2019en toute occasion, Vous me trouverez empress\u00e9 a Vous donner toutes les preuves qui d\u00e9pendront de moi, du Souvenir, de tout l\u2019attachement, que je Vous ay Vou\u00e9s et de la [consi]d\u00e9ration distingu\u00e9e avec la quelle j\u2019ay [l\u2019honneu]r d\u2019etre, Mon cher Monsieur, Votre tres Humble & tres ob\u00e9issant Ser[viteur]\nDiodati", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0038", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 24 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nMarch 24th, 1794.\nThe past week has been spent chiefly on the question of an Embargo. It was negatived on Friday by 48 against 46, the former composed chiefly of Eastern, the latter of Southern members. The former are now for giving the power to the Executive, even during the session of Congress. In France, everything is in a state of vigor beyond what has been seen there. Fauch\u00e8t proceeds with great circumspection and prudence here.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0039", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 26 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nMy last informed you that an embargo had been proposed and negatived. You will see by the inclosed that on a renewal of the proposition yesterday it went thro\u2019 the H. of Reps, by a very large majority. The  change took place among the Eastern members whose constituents were growing so clamorous under their losses in the W. Indies, as to alarm their representatives. The Senate will have the subject before them today, and will probably concur. It is said that some further measures are to be discussed in that House. The commercial propositions have not yet received a vote. The progress of the evils which they were to remedy, having called for more active medicine, it has not been deemed prudent to force them on the attention of the House during more critical discussions. They will however notwithstanding a change of circumstances, cooperate with other measures as an alternative system and will be pressed to a vote at the first favorable moment. Whether they can be carried into a law at the present Session is doubtful, on account of the lateness of the day, and the superior urgency of other questions. The point immediately depending is the discrimination between G.B. and other nations as to the proposed duties on manufactures. If this should succeed, the future parts will I think meet with little difficulty. The Enquiry into the Treasury is going on, tho\u2019 not very rapidly. I understand that it begins to pinch where we most expected\u2014the authority for drawing the money from Europe into the Bank. H. endeavored to parry the difficulty by contesting the right of the Committee to call for the authority. This failing he talks of constructive written authority from the P. but relies on parol authority, which I think it impossible the P. can support him in. The old question of referring the origination of Taxes comes on today; and will in some degree test the present character of the House: I have written abundance of letters of late but fear they are stopped by the small pox at Richmond.\nThe people of Charlestown are taking a high tone. Their memorial, which is signed by Ramsay\u2014the Gadzdens Young Rutlege and a very great number of respectable citizens marks the deliberate sense of the place. The more violent has been ex[pres]sed by hanging and burning the effigies of Smith, Ames Arnold, Dumourier and the Devil en groupe.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0040", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Monroe, 26 March 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia March 26. 1794\nYour favor of the 11th. reached me yesterday. We were mortified to find that our letters had not reached you, but hope the obstacle at Richmond is removed before this. As Mr. M. has written you I shall say nothing at present upon the subject of affairs here. I shall only commence with the inclosures of your correspondence with Hammond which after perusal by your family and any others whom you wish, shall thank you to send to my brother in Charlottesville. I sent Stuart at Staunton a copy\u2014and we mean to transmit one with the one containing the correspondence with Mr. Genet to the Ex: for the legislature. I hope Peter has not failed to attend and pursue your advice respecting the fruit trees. We desire to be affectionately remembered to your family. I am sincerely yr. friend & servt\nJas. Monroe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "03-31-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0041", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 31 March 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Mar. 31. 1794.\nI have written of late by almost every mail, that is, three times a week. From your letter to Monroe I fear the small pox has stopped them at Richmond. I shall continue however to inclose you the newspapers as often as they are worth it. It is impossible to say what will be the issue of the proposition discussed in those of today. I forgot to mention in my last that the question whether the ways and means should be referred to  the Secy. of T. as heretofore, or to a Committee lately came on and decided the sense of the House to be regenerated on that point. The fiscal party, perceiving their danger, offered a sort of compromise which took in Mercer and with him sundry others in principle against them. Notwithstanding the success of the stratagem, the point was carried by 49 against 46. If the question had divided the House fairly there would have been a majority of ten or a dozen at least.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0043", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Monroe, 2 April 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhila. April 2. 1794.\nA committee of the H. of R. sits daily to provide funds for equiping the fleet and other measures connected with the exigency of the times. They have finally I believe agreed on nothing as yet, tho the fiscal party are for excises on tea &ca. The citizen party are for a land-tax, but seem backward on the subject in every view; regret that an occasion has been made for any great increase; this subject will take time. The fiscal party say to the other, you have taken the business from the Trsy. department, shew yourselves equal to it, and bring forward some system. The latter replies, the practice of reference has been condemned by the publick voice as other things will be when understood; the rejection of it is a triumph of the people and of the constitution over theirs and its abuse: but the provision of taxes is not the duty of those who have been more active in the rejection than of those who opposed it. If it is more the duty of one than the other side, it is particularly that of those who have made taxes necessary. The arrival by way of Hallifax of an account of some relaxation in [\u2026] from the orders of the 8. of Jany. suspe[nds the?] proceeding on the sequestration of debts. [\u2026] [Ross fr]om Washington is elected in the place of Gal[latin. He is?] perhaps not altogether the man whom the republicans would have chosen: but by them he was elected in opposition to one Coleman, from Lancaster county. Sincerely I am yr. friend & sevt.\nJas. Monroe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0044", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Walker, Jr., 2 April 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Walker, Thomas, Jr.\nDear Sir\nMonticello Apr. 2. 1794.\nI send by the bearer three mares to be put to your Jack. I shall still be able to muster up four or five more but a view of the scarcity of money makes me fearful to enter into a money contract, which this number of mares would render considerable. If you can take wheat or flour of the growing crop delivered at Milton, I shall have no fear of engaging that, because I can be sure of it: and therefore ask the favor of an answer on that head by the bearer. One of the mares now sent, tho old, is as highblooded as any one in the state. I shall send another of the same blood and coloring and may hope a pair of mules from them fit to drive in my Phaeton. I have understood you sell sheep every year. I should like to purchase in the fall, payable in wheat or flour. I am with sincere esteem Dear Sir Your friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-03-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0046", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 3 April 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello Apr. 3. 1794.\nOur post having ceased to ride ever since the inoculation began in Richmond till now, I received three days ago, and all together your friendly favors of Mar. 2. 9. 12. 14. and Colo. Monroe\u2019s of Mar. 3. and 16. I have been particularly gratified by the receipt of the papers containing your\u2019s and Smith\u2019s discussion of your regulating propositions. These debates had not been seen here but in a very short and mutilated form. I am at no loss to ascribe Smith\u2019s speech to it\u2019s true father. Every tittle of it is Hamilton\u2019s except the introduction. There is scarcely any thing there which I have not heard from him in our various private tho\u2019 official discussions. The very turn of the arguments is the same, and others will see as well as myself that the style is Hamilton\u2019s. The sophistry is too fine, too ingenious even to have been comprehended by Smith, much less devised by him. His reply shews he did not understand his first speech: as it\u2019s general inferiority proves it\u2019s legitimacy as evidently as it does the bastardy of the original. You know we had understood that Hamilton had prepared a Counter-report, and that some of his humble servants in the Senate were to move a reference to him in order to produce it. But I suppose they thought it would have a better effect if fired off in the H. of Representatives. I find the Report however so fully justified that the anxieties with which I left it are perfectly quieted. In this quarter all espouse your propositions with ardour, and without a dissenting voice. The rumor of a declaration of war has given an opportunity of seeing that the people here, tho\u2019 attentive to the loss of value of their produce, in such an event, yet find in it a gratification of some other passions, and particularly of their antient hatred to Gr. Britain. Still I hope it will not come to that: but that the propositions will be carried, and justice be done ourselves in a peaceable way. As to the guarantee of the French islands, whatever doubts may be entertained of the moment at which we ought to interpose yet I have no doubt but that we ought to interpose at a proper time and declare both to England and France that these islands are to rest with France, and that we will make common cause with the latter for that object.\u2014As to the naval armament, the land armament, and the Marine fortifications which are in question with you, I have no doubt they will all be carried. Not that the Monocrats and Papermen in Congress want war; but they want armies  and debts: and tho\u2019 we may hope that the sound part of Congress is now so augmented as to ensure a majority in cases of general interest merely, yet I have always observed that in questions of expence, where members may hope either for offices or jobs for themselves or their friends, some few will be debauched, and that is sufficient to turn the decision where a majority is at most but small. I have never seen a Philadelphia paper since I left it, till those you inclosed me; and I feel myself so thoroughly weened from the interest I took in the proceedings there, while there, that I have never had a wish to see one, and believe that I never shall take another newspaper of any sort. I find my mind totally absorbed in my rural occupations. We are suffering much for want of rain. Tho\u2019 now at the 3d. of April, you cannot distinguish the wheat feilds of the neighborhood yet from hence. Fruit is hitherto safe. We have at this time some prospect of rain. Asparagus is just come to table. The Lilac in blossom, and the first Whip-poor-will heard last night. No Martins yet. I have some hopes Short has sent Cortez\u2019s letters for me by Blake. Pray ask E.R. if he has. My best affections to Colo. and Mrs. Monroe. The correspondence with Hammond has never yet come into this quarter. Accept sincere assurances of affection.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0048", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Lyle, 14 April 1794\nFrom: Lyle, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nManchester April 14. 1794\nI have not had the pleasure of hearing from you for a long time. Mr. McCaul writes me complaining of short remitances, he says Colo. Jefferson will no doubt be punctual to his instalments. I have some time ago wrote the Company the reasons you gave me for your being behind, and that I expected this spring you woud make up what was due, which I hope it will be convenient for you to do.\nColo. J. Boling has not yet paid your order on him for R. Harvie. I will be glad to hear from you, and am with all due Respect & Esteem Your most hume sevt.\nJames Lyle", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0049", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 14 April 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Apl. 14. 1794.\nHaving received one letter only from you, and that of very old date, I conclude that mine which have been numerous do not pass thro\u2019 the obstructions thrown in the way of the Mail by the small pox. I continue however to write, hoping that the channel will have been reopened by the time each letter may get to Richmond. I have also written a request to Mr. Dawson to have my letters to you taken out of the post office and forwarded from Richmond by private hands if necessary.\nThree propositions levelled at G.B. have latterly occupied the H. of Reps. 1. to sequester British debts. 2. to establish a lien on British merchandize or the value of it, as it arrives. 3. to suspend imports from G.B. and Ireland till the spoliations be redressed and the Treaty of peace be executed. The last has taken the pas in discussion. A majority are apparently in favor. Delay is consequently one of the arts of opposition. It is uncertain therefore when a vote will be obtained. It is probable also that much will depend on the state of foreign intelligence which is hourly changing in some of its circumstances. The Executive is said to meditate an envoy Extraordy. to G.B. as preferring further negociation to any legislative operation of a coercive nature. Hamilton is talked of, is much pressed by those attached to his politics, and will probably be  appointed unless overruled by an apprehension from the disgust to Republicanism and to France. His trial is not yet concluded. You will see the issue it will have in the inclosed papers. The letter from the P. is inexpressibly mortifying to his friends, and marks his situation to be precisely what you always described it to be. The committee on ways and means was unfortunately composed of a majority infected by the fiscal errors which threaten so ignominious and vexatious a system to our Country. A land tax will be reported; but along with it excises on articles imported, and manufactured at home, a stamp tax pervading almost all the transactions of life, and a tax on carriages as an indirect tax. The embargo will soon be a subject of deliberation again, as its continuance if proper ought to be decided some time before its expiration. Whether this will be the case cannot now be foretold. The French continue to triumph over their Enemies on the Rhine. We learn nothing from the W. Inds. except that Martinique had not surrendered on the 25th. Ult:\nI put into the hands of your Cabinet workman here the Edition of Milton sent you from France. He was packing up things for you which afforded a commodious berth for it. Yrs. always & Affy\nJs. Madison Jr.\nFauchet has informally intimated the distaste to Gour. M. whose recall will follow of course.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0050", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Edmund Randolph, [17 April 1794]\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\nTh: Jefferson to E. Randolph\nYou are so kind as to ask what is to be done with the 4. drums of figs from Simpson. As his letter mentioned that two of them were for the Presidt. I hope you will have delivered them. Of the other two, acccept one for yourself and put the other on board any vessel bound for Richmond addressed to me to the care of Colo. Gamble.\u2014Among the MSS. you had from hence were two 4to. vols. the one containing original reports of cases in the Genl. court, the other containing Wythe\u2019s and my discussions in the case of Bolling and Bolling. The volume of reports we have heard of in the hands of Mr. Wycombe who has been written to. Mr. Wilson Nicholas tells me he thinks he has seen that containing the case of Bolling and Bolling in the hands of Mr. John Nicholas. As he is at Phila. will you be so good as to enquire of him, and to give me any information you can relative to it: you will have heard that Mr. Wilson Nicholas is chosen one of our representatives in assembly. Adieu. Your\u2019s affectionately\nTh: J.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0051", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Charles Rose, 17 April 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Rose, Charles\nDear Sir\nMonticello Apr. 17. 1794.\nIn the case which is the subject of your letter of the 8th. Instant, the defendant cannot be sued in any federal court but of that district in which process is served on him. Nor can any notice of a motion to be made in Amherst court, served on him in Georgia, force him to answer in that court by the laws of Virginia, if they be the same in this particular as they were when I left the country 10. years ago. By these laws however as they then stood, if you could attach any article of his property, or any debt due to him, you might proceed against him in Chancery and obtain a decree. Upon the whole however I should expect it would be best to proceed against him in the federal court of Georgia.\u2014A twenty years desuetude in matters of law, has produced a rust which will never  be attempted to be rubbed off again. I rarely therefore permit myself to give opinions on the subject even in conversation. I have done it now to shew my desire of doing any thing which you desire; but the same wish to serve you obliges me to caution you against any dangerous degree of confidence in my opinion.\u2014I have some expectations of a trip to Bedford, in which case I shall have the pleasure of seeing you either going or returning. I am with constant esteem Dr. Sir your sincere friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0053", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Monroe, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Monroe, James\nTh: Jefferson to Colo. Monroe\nMonticello Apr. 24. 94.\n  I wrote to Mr. Madison on the 3d. inst. Since that I have received his of Mar. 24. 26. 31. and Apr. 14. and yours of Mar. 26. 31. and Apr. 2. which had been accumulating in the post office of Richmond. The spirit of war has grown much stronger, in this part of the country, as I can judge of myself, and in other parts along the mountains from N.E. to S.W. as I have had opportunities of learning by enquiry. Some few very quiet people, not suffering themselves to be inflamed as others are by the kicks and cuffs Gr. Britain has been giving us, express a wish to remain in peace. But the mass of thinking men seem to be of opinion that we have borne so much as to invite eternal insults in future should not a very spirited conduct be now assumed. For myself, I wish for peace, if it can be preserved, salv\u00e2 fide et honore. I learn by your letters and Mr. Madison\u2019s that a special mission to England is meditated, and H. the missionary. A more degrading measure could not have been proposed: and why is Pinckney to be recalled? For it is impossible he should remain there after such a testimony that he is not confided in. I suppose they think him not thorough paced enough: I suspect too the mission, besides the object of placing the aristocracy of this country under the patronage of that government, has in view that of withdrawing H. from the disgrace and the public execrations which sooner or later must fall on the man who partly by creating fictitious debt, partly by volunteering in the payment of the debts of others, who could have paid them so much more conveniently themselves, has alienated for ever all our ordinary and easy resources, and will oblige us hereafter to extraordinary ones for every little contingency out of the common line: and who has lately brought the P. forward with manifestations that the business of the treasury had got beyond the limits of his comprehension.\u2014Let us turn to more pleasing themes. Young Mr. Lewis (Robert) has surveyed your land over the road. There are but 442. acres; occasioned by Carter\u2019s lower line making an elbow where it was thought to be straight, instead of running from A. to C. thus  it turns off from B. towards D. deflecting 30\u00b0. So much the better however as he says, the land appearing to him to be thinner and more indifferent than he expected, and to have been bought too high. However, if the cream, tho\u2019 thin, be not suffered to be taken off with corn, and you cultivate it from the beginning in wheat, potatoes and clover, it will become thick, and perhaps preferable to what is by some thought better of. I rode to your plantation to day. Your wheat is better than your  neighbors\u2019. The two feilds on each side the road, are really good; that nearer the mountain as good as the seasons have admitted. We have had two glorious rains. The first about a fortnight ago, the effect of which was lessened by very cold weather. The last 4. days ago, followed by cloudy and some warm weather. The destruction of fruit in this part of the country, as far as I have yet learnt, is complete. Mine as usual has escaped without the loss of a single blossom. I am happy to tell you that yours also (at the new place) has escaped well. I examined many peach and cherry trees there to day, and they have as much fruit on them as they ought to have. This should encourage your timely attention to extend orchards up into the mountain. Your man never called again for grafts. However I have had a good nursery prepared for myself, and will spare you some of every thing. Your overseer has got all his corn ground flushed and corn planted: his fences also nearly repaired, and is clearing up a swamp. He appears to be doing essentially well, tho\u2019 not over-nice as to matters of mere appearance.\u2014Mr. Jones dined with me 4. or 5. days ago. I never saw him so low. The Staunton water had handled him very severely. He found himself something better however, and I hope he has continued to mend, for indeed his appearance was disquieting.\u2014My best affections to Mrs. Monroe and Mr. Madison. Accept them yourself also.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0054", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from George Washington, 24 April 1794\nFrom: Washington, George\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhila. 24th. April 1794.\n  The letter herewith enclosed, came under cover to me in a packet from Mr. Lear, accompanied with the following extract of a letter, dated\u2014London February 12th. 1794.\n\u201cA Mr. Bartraud, a famous Agriculturalist belonging to Flanders, put into my hands a few days ago several papers for Mr. Jefferson on the subject of Manuring and vegitation, requesting that I would forward them to him by some vessel going to America; being uncertain whether Mr. Jefferson is in Philada. or Virginia, I have taken the liberty of putting them under cover to you.\u201d\nNothing, is more wanting in this Country, than a thorough knowledge of the first; by which the usual, and inadequate modes practiced by us may be aided. Let me hope then, if any striking improvements are communicated by Mr. Bartraud on the above important Subjects that  you will suffer your friends to participate in the knowledge which is to be derived from his instructions.\nWe are going on in the old way \u201cSlow\u201d I hope events will justify me in adding \u201cand sure\u201d that the proverb may be fulfilled.\u2014\u201cSlow and Sure.\u201d With very great esteem and regard I am Dear Sir Yr. Obedt. & Affecte. Hble Servt.\nGo: Washington", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0055", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to John Adams, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Adams, John\nDear Sir\nMonticello Apr. 25. 1794.\nI am to thank you for the book you were so good as to transmit me, as well as the letter covering it, and your felicitations on my present quiet. The difference of my present and past situation is such as to leave me nothing to regret but that my retirement has been postponed four years too long. The principles on which I calculate the value of life are entirely in favor of my present course. I return to farming with an ardour which I scarcely knew in my youth, and which has got the better entirely of my love of study. Instead of writing 10. or 12. letters a day, which I have been in the habit of doing as a thing of course, I put off answering my letters now, farmer-like, till a rainy day, and then find it sometimes postponed by other necessary occupations.\u2014The case of the Pays de Vaud is new to me. The claims of both parties are on grounds which I fancy we have taught the world to set little store by. The rights of one generation will scarcely be considered hereafter as depending on the paper transactions of another.\u2014My countrymen are groaning under the insults of Gr. Britain. I hope some means will turn up of reconciling our faith and honour with peace: for I confess to you I have seen enough of one war never to wish to see another. With wishes of every degree of happiness to you both public and private, and with my best respects to Mrs. Adams, I am Dear Sir your affectionate & humble servt.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0056", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Ferdinando Fairfax, 25 April 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Fairfax, Ferdinando\nDear Sir\nMonticello Apr. 25. 1794.\nThe interruption of the communication by post between Charlottesville and Richmond, by the prevalence of the small pox in the latter place has been the cause of this late acknolegement of your polite and friendly letter of Jan. 31. It is to the partial and indulgent views of yourself and others of my fellow-citizens that I am indebted for such acknolegements as you express, and not to any real service which would not have been rendered by others, had I not been employed. In taking my tour of duty, I have only done my duty, and acquired no merit. On the same principle, having performed my tour, I hope I retire without blame, and the rather as I make room for younger and abler men to transact the affairs of my country.\u2014I have returned to farming with an ardour which I scarcely knew in my youth, and which has entirely taken the lead of my love of study. I indulge it because I think it will be more productive of health, profit, and the happiness depending on these, and perhaps of some utility to my neighbors, by taking on myself the risk of a first experiment of that sort of reformation in our system of farming, which the progressive degradation of our lands calls for imperiously. Should you chance to pass this way again and honor me with your company, you will find me more willing to discuss the opinions of Home and Young, than my friend Genet did the worm-eaten aphorisms of Grotius and Vattel. In the mean time I have the honor to be with sentiments of great esteem Dear Sir your most obedt. & most humble servt.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0058", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to John Garland Jefferson, 26 April 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Jefferson, John Garland\nDear Sir\nMonticello Apr. 26. 1794.\nA pressure of affairs of various kinds on my return home, prevented my going into a consideration of your letter of Dec. 8. for a considerable time, and on taking it up, I found the information, which your brother had been able to obtain, defective in so many particulars that I concluded to let it lie till I could see him in Richmond. Several circumstances however having delayed and still delaying my journey thither I now think it best to write you on the subject, hypothetically, as you will be able to judge whether I have misconjectured any of the facts, and of the influence they might have in the conclusion. The question seems to be relative to two descriptions of lands. 1. a tract mortgaged by your father to Genl. Harrington, and the greater part of the mortgage money paid; (I call it a mortgage, because Chancery considers as [such] every conveyance, tho\u2019 apparently absolute, where a covenant to reconvey on the paiment of the money existed between the parties) of which tract Genl. Harrington made sale, and became himself the purchaser for  about one penny in the shilling of it\u2019s real value: but whether by authority of process from a court of justice, or without process, is not stated. If without process, and the laws of N. Carolina be conformable to those of England and Virginia in this particular, a bill lies against Genl. Harrington in a court of Chancery, which will consider his sale and purchase as a gross violation of his trust, and therefore merely null. The object of the bill should be to call for a settlement of the mortgager\u2019s accounts with him, on which he will have credit for the money unpaid and interest, and he will be debited the profits of the land, and the balance will be decreed either way as it shall be found, and he to reconvey the lands. If the sale were by process from a court, it will depend on the laws of that state in what manner that may be overhauled. We must presume they give day to an infant after his arrival at age to shew cause in some short way why the proceedings have been wrongful. Tho\u2019 Genl. Harrington\u2019s having acted as an Executor for some time without having qualified, made him an Executor de son tort, and would authorize a suit against him as executor jointly with the others, yet if no advantage would be gained by suing him as executor, I should think it best to sue him as a mortgagee; because in that case the other executors may be examined as witnesses to prove the circumstances of the estate, and their depositions be used against him as evidence, which Chancery does not allow their answers to be, if you make them co-defendants. 2. the second description of lands in question seems to have been such as were sold for the paiment of debts, under process of a court as I conjecture. On these I can say nothing, because there is no information who sold, or bought, under what sort of process, whether for bon\u00e2 fide debts, whether a day of revision was or was not allowed for the infants to come in after age and question the proceedings, and what the laws of N. Carolina are in these particulars? As to all this you will undoubtedly procure information, and I feel the less reluctance at turning the matter over to your enquiries, as I am sensible you will be a better judge of them than myself, with the rust of 20. years inhabitude in the law.\u2014I know nothing of the character of the judges and courts of N. Carolina as to science and independance. You are entitled however, as the inhabitants of another state, to bring your suit in the federal court of the district where your process finds the defendant, and besides the greater degree of independence felt by the courts and officers of the federal government, and the science and integrity which has generally procured their appointment, you will have a sure opportunity of correcting any error by an appeal to the supreme court of the union, where no influence can be feared.\u2014I inclose you the copy of your father\u2019s will, and your brother\u2019s letter, with every wish for your success in this and all other matters interesting to  you; and hoping soon to hear that you are beginning to reap a good harvest from your past labours, I conclude with assurances of the esteem and attachment with which I am Dear Sir Your affectionate friend & kinsman\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "04-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0062", "content": "Title: Memorandum from Bowling Clark, April 1794\nFrom: Clark, Bowling\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nList of Mr. Jefferson Stock Poplar Forest for 1794 april\nat Hubbards quarter 9 cows 2 heffers 3 year old 1 Do. 2 year old 4 Do.\n1 year old 3 stears 4 year old 2 Do. 3 year old 4 Do. 2 year old 3 Do. 1 year old 1 Bull 1 year old 2 work stears 4 calves the hold amount 35\n46 grown hogs including the sows 30 pigs 4 months old 13 Do. of a smaller sise in the hold 89\nat Morrices place 31 cows 5 Heffers 3 year old 10 Do. 2 year old 9 Do.\n1 year old 5 stears 4 year old 3 Do. 3 year old 6 Do. 2 year old 7 Do. 1 year old 2 Bull 5 worke stears 21 calves in the hold 104\n50 hogs above 8 month old including the sows 25 above 3 month old and under 8\u201330 pigs under 3 months old in the hold 105\nthe total amount of cattle at both places 139 of hogs 203.\nNB sence the above list was drown of thare has 3 cattle died 1\u20132 year old heffer and 2 works", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0063", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Charles Carter, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Carter, Charles\nDear Sir\nMonticello May 1. 1794.\nI have received your favor of Apr. 19. and supposing you would wish information as to the article of it relative to the concern of Carter & Trent, I take the liberty of mentioning that there was a balance due from me to that concern, which had been partly paid off before my return from Europe, and the residue was paid about two years ago as nearly as I can recollect. It was done by Lewis & Ware of Goochland on an order from Colo. Nich. Lewis while he took care of my affairs; which puts it out of my power to name the date or sum exactly, but I know it was about \u00a3[3. and?] was fully paid off. I should otherwise with great satisfaction have done any thing in my power to have aided you in lessening the enormous injuries which your father\u2019s estate ha[s?] suffered from that concern. I have the honor to be with sincere esteem Dear Sir Your friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0064", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Tench Coxe, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Coxe, Tench\nDear Sir\nMonticello May 1. 1794.\nYour several favors of Feb. 22. 27. and Mar. 16. which had been accumulating in Richmond during the prevalence of the small-pox in that place, were lately brought to me on the permission given the post to resume his communication. I am particularly to thank you for your  favor in forwarding the Bee. Your letters give a comfortable view of French affairs, and later events seem to confirm it. Over the foreign powers I am convinced they will triumph completely, and I cannot but hope that that triumph and the consequent disgrace of the invading tyrants is destined in the order of events to kindle the wrath of the people of Europe against those who have dared to embroil them in such wickedness, and to bring at length kings, nobles and priests to the scaffolds which they have been so long deluging with human blood. I am still warm whenever I think of these scoundrels, tho\u2019 I do it as seldom as I can, preferring infinitely to contemplate the tranquil growth of my Lucerne and potatoes. I have so completely withdrawn myself from these spectacles of usurpation and mis-rule that I do not take a single newspaper, nor read one a month: and I feel myself infinitely the happier for it.\u2014We are alarmed here with the apprehensions of war: and sincerely anxious that it might be avoided; but not at the expence either of our faith or honor. It seems much the general opinion here that the latter has been too much wounded not to require reparation, and to seek it even in war, if that be necessary. As to myself, I love peace, and I am anxious that we should give the world still another useful lesson, by shewing to them other modes of punishing injuries than by war, which is as much a punishment to the punisher as to the sufferer. I love therefore Mr. Clarke\u2019s proposition of cutting off all communication with the nation which has conducted itself so atrociously. This you will say may bring on war. If it does, we will meet it like men: but it may not bring on war, and then the experiment will have been a happy one. I believe this war would be vastly more unanimously approved, than any one we ever were engaged in; because the aggressions have been so wanton and barefaced, and so unquestionably against our desire.\u2014I am sorry Mr. Cooper and Priestley did not take a more general survey of our country before they fixed themselves. I think they might have promoted their own advantage by it, and have aided the introduction of improvement where it is more wanting.\u2014The prospect of wheat for the ensuing year is a bad one. This is all the sort of news you can expect from me. From you I shall be glad to hear all sorts of news, and particularly any improvements in the arts applicable to husbandry or houshold manufacture. I am with very sincere affection Dear Sir your friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0065", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to John Taylor, 1 May 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Taylor, John\nDear Sir\nMonticello May 1. 1794.\nIn my new occupation of a farmer I find a good drilling machine indispensably necessary. I remember your recommendation of one invented by one of your neighbors; and your recommendation suffices to satisfy me with it. I must therefore beg of you to desire one to be made for me, and if you will give me some idea of it\u2019s bulk, and whether it could travel here on it\u2019s own legs, I will decide whether to send express for it, or get it sent round by Richmond. Mention at the same time the price of it and I will have it put into your hands.\u2014I remember I shewed you, for your advice, a plan of a rotation of crops which I had contemplated to introduce into my own lands. On a more minute examination of my lands than I had before been able to take since my return from Europe, I find their degradation by ill usage much beyond what I had expected, and at the same time much more open land than I had calculated on. One of these circumstances forces a milder course of cropping on me, and the other enables me to adopt it. I drop therefore two crops in my rotation, and instead of 5. crops in 8. years take 3. in 6. years, in the following order. 1. wheat. 2. corn and potatoes in the strongest moiety, potatoes alone or peas alone in the other moiety according to it\u2019s strength. 3. wheat or rye. 4. clover. 5. clover. 6. folding and buckwheat dressing. In such of my feilds as are too much worn for clover, I propose to try St. foin, which I know will grow in the poorest land, bring plentiful crops, and is a great ameliorater. It is for this chiefly I want the drilling machine as well as for Lucerne. My neighbors to whom I had distributed some seed of the Succory intybus, brought from France by Young, and sent to the President, are much pleased with it. I am trying a patch of it this year.\u2014This drop from the tip of Lazarus\u2019s finger to cool your tongue, I have thought even father Abraham would approve. He refused it to Dives in the common hell; but in yours he could not do it.\u2014Pray let me have a copy of the pamphlet published on the subject of the bank. Not even the title of it has ever been seen by my neighbors. My best affections to the sound part of our representation in both houses, which I calculate to be 19/21 ths. Adieu. Your\u2019s affectionately\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0066", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Monroe, 4 May 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhila. May 4. 1794.\nYours of April 24th. reached me yesterday. Since my last the proposition of Mr. Clarke for prohibiting the importation of British goods untill the posts shall be surrendered and compensation made for the depredation on our trade, was rejected in the Senate. Upon the question the first section which determined the fate of the bill, Jackson and Bradley withdraw which left us 11. only against 14.: in consequence of which every section was negatived, yet a question was notwithstanding taken whether the bill should be read a 3d. time and in favor of which these gentlemen voted, and Ross the successor of Gallatin taking into his head now to withdraw, the house was equally divided and the casting vote given by the V. President against it. Thus the bill was lost, the most mature and likely to succeed of all the propositions respecting G. Britn. which have been presented before the legislature during the session. Its fate may be ascribed to an executive maneuvre: for whilst it was depending in the Repe. branch and obviously a great majority in its favor, the nomination of Mr. Jay was introduc\u2019d, as Envoy Extry. for the British court. From that moment it was manifest the measure would be lost, and altho\u2019 it passed the other branch and perhaps with greater vote than would have been the case, had not the sense of the Senate been clearly indicated by the approbation of the nomination, yet it was plain the prospect of success was desperate. An Extraordinary mission was a measure of conciliation, it was urged; prohibitory regulations were of a different character and would defeat its object. Thus you find nothing has been carried against that nation, but on the contrary the most submissive  measure adopted that could be devised, to court her favor and degrade our character.\nTis said that the Envoy will be armed with extraordinary powers and that authority to form a commercial treaty will likewise be comprized in his instructions. Under a similar power upon a former occasion, granted too by implication only, this person had well nigh bartered away the Missisippi. What then may we not expect from him upon the present crisis, when the power is expressly granted and the fortune of the party whose agent he is, may be considered as hazarded in the success of his mission? After degrading our country by shewing to the world, that they were more willing to confide in retribution &ca from their justice and favor, than from the strength of our union and the decision of our councils, will this man return baffled in the enterprize, and seek to atone for himself and those who sent him, to the community, by owning his and their folly which had exposed us to such humiliation? And when it is considered that Britain contemplates the conquest of the French and perhaps afterwards of the Sph. Islands, and the downfal of the Sph. power in this region of the [world] a course of policy which will part her not only from Spn. but perhaps from the present combination of powers, is it not probable she will be disposed to seek an alliance here as well for the purpose of aiding her in these projects as detaching us from France? Some symtoms of discontent have already appeared in the Sph. cabinet, and these it is probable will be increased when the conquest of Britn. in the Islands is attended to, and her views become further developed. The circumstance of sending an envoy to negotiate with Engld. at the time that the minister of France, on the ground and cloathed with similar powers, is only amused with acts of civility, shews that a connection with the former power is the next object of the Executive.\nThe present French minister expressed lately the wish of his country that G. Morris should be recalled and in consequence arrangements are making for that purpose. Being forced to send a republican character the admn. was reduc\u2019d to the dilemma of selecting from among its enemies or rather those of opposit principles, a person who would be acceptable to that nation. The offer of the station has been presented to Chr. Livingston as I hear in a letter written by the President. Tis thought he will accept it. Burr\u2019s name was mentioned to Randolph but with the success that was previously expected, indeed it was not urged in preference to the other, but only noted for consideration. I thank you for the intelligence respecting my farm near you. I think we shall adjourn in about 3. weeks after which I shall immediately proceed home. Mrs. M. joins in best wishes for your health and that of your family. Sincerely I am Dear Sir your friend & servant\nJas. Monroe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0068", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 11 May 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. May 11. 1794\nCol. Monroe wrote you last week, and I refer to his letter for the state of things up to that date. The H. of Reps. has been Since employed chiefly on the new taxes. The Report of the Committee which was the work of a sub committee in understanding with the Fiscal Department, was filled with a variety of items copied as usual from the British Revenue laws. It particularly included, besides stamp-duties, excises on tobacco and sugar manufactured in the U.S. and a tax on carriages as an indirect tax. The aversion to direct taxes which appeared by a vote of seventy odd for rejecting them will saddle us with all these pernicious innovations, without ultimately avoiding direct taxes in addition to them. All opposition to the new excises, tho\u2019 enforced by memorials from the manufacturers was vain. And the tax on carriages succeeded in spite of the Constitution by a majority of twenty, the advocates for the principle being reinforced by the adversaries to luxury. Six of the N. Carolina members were in the majority. This is another proof of the facility with which usurpation triumphs where there is a standing corps always on the watch for favorable conjunctures, and directed  by the policy of dividing their honest but undiscerning adversaries. It is very possible however that the authors of these precedents may not be the last to lament them. Some of the motives which they decoyed to their support ought to premonish them of the danger. By breaking down the barriers of the constitution and giving sanction to the idea of sumptuary regulations, wealth may find a precarious defence in the sheild of justice. If luxury, as such, is to be taxed, the greatest of all luxuries, says Payne, is a great estate. Even on the present occasion, it has been found prudent to yield to a tax on transfers of stock in the funds, and in the Banks.\nThe appointment of Jay continues to undergo the animadversions of the Press. You will see that the Democratic Societies are beginning to open their batteries upon it. The measure however has had the effect of impeding all legislative measures for extorting redress from G.B. The non-importation bill which passed the H. of Reps. by a geat majority, was so instantly and peremptorily rejected in the Senate as an interference with the proposed Mission, that no further efforts of the same type have been seriously contemplated. Clarke did indeed move to insert among the new ways and means an additional duty of 10 perCt. on British Manufactures, but the symptoms of desertion soon induced him to withdraw it. A member from N. Carolina afterwards was incautious eno\u2019 to try a discriminating duty on British tonnage and by pushing it to a question with the yeas and nays, placed us in a very feeble minority. Notwithstanding this effect of the Executive measure, there is little serious confidence in its efficacy; and, as involving the appointment of Jay, is the most powerful blow ever suffered by the popularity of the President.\nThe embargo is Still in force. A member from Connecticut moved a few days ago to abridge its term a few days, as a notification that it would not be continued. A large majority was against taking up the proposition; but how far with a view to adhere to the embargo, I know not. Yesterday a motion was laid on the table by Smith (of S.C.) for continuing the embargo to June 25. The motion from that quarter excited surprize: and must be either a fetch at popularity, an insidious thing, or suggested by an idea that the balance of the effects of the embargo is in favor of G. Britain.\nThere are no late accounts of moment from Europe. Those from the W. Indies, as well with respect to the treatment of our vessels as the effects of the embargo, are so various and contradictory that it is impossible to make any thing of them. Yrs. Affecy.\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-14-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0070", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to George Washington, 14 May 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Washington, George\nDear Sir\nMonticello May 14. 1794.\nI am honored with your favor of Apr. 24. and received at the same time Mr. Bertrand\u2019s agricultural Prospectus. Tho\u2019 he mentions my having seen him at a particular place yet I remember nothing of it, and observing that he intimates an application for lands in America, I conceive his letter meant for me as Secretary of state, and therefore I now send it to the Secretary of state. He has given only the heads of his  demonstrations, so that nothing can be conjectured of their details. Ld. Kaims once proposed an essence of dung, one pint of which should manure an acre. If he or Mr. Bertrand could have rendered it so portable I should have been one of those who would have been greatly obliged to them. I find on a more minute examination of my lands, than the short visits heretofore made to them permitted, that a 10. years abandonment of them to the unprincipled ravages of overseers, has brought on a degree of degradation far beyond what I had expected. As this obliges me to adopt a milder course of cropping, so I find that they have enabled me to do it by having opened a great deal of lands during my absence. I have therefore determined on a division of my farms into 6. fields to be put under this rotation. 1st. year. Wheat.\u20142d. corn, potatoes, peas.\u20143d. rye or wheat according to circumstances.\u20144th. and 5th. clover where the fields will bring it, and buckwheat dressings where they will not.\u20146th. folding, and buckwheat dressings. But it will take me from 3. to 6. years to get this plan under way. I am not yet satisfied that my acquisition of overseers from the head of Elk has been a happy one, or that much will be done this year towards rescuing my plantations from their wretched condition. Time, patience and perseverance must be the remedy: and the maxim of your letter \u2018slow and sure\u2019 is not less a good one in agriculture than in politics. I sincerely wish it may extricate us from the event of a war, if this can be done saving our faith and our rights. My opinion of the British government is that nothing will force them to do justice but the loud voice of their people, and that this can never be excited but by distressing their commerce. But I cherish tranquility too much to suffer political things to enter my mind at all.\u2014I do not forget that I owe you a letter for Mr. Young, but I am waiting to get full information. With every wish for your health and happiness and my most friendly respects for Mrs. Washington, I have the honor to be Dear Sir your most obedt. & most humble servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-15-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0071", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 15 May 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello May 15. 1794.\nI wrote you on the 3d. of April, and since that have received yours of Mar. 24. 26. 31. Apr. 14. and 28. and yesterday I received Colo. Monroe\u2019s of the 4th. inst. informing me of the failure of the non-importation  bill in the Senate. This body was intended as a check on the will of the Representatives when too hasty. They are not only that but completely so on the will of the people also: and in my opinion are heaping coals of fire not only on their persons, but on their body as a branch of legislature. I have never known a measure more universally desired by the people than the passage of that bill. It is not from my own observation of the wishes of the people that I decide what they are, but from that of the gentlemen of the bar who mix much with them, and by their intercommunications with each other, have under their view a greater portion of the country than any other description of men. It seems that the opinion is fairly launched into public, that they should be placed under the controul of a more frequent recurrence to the will of their constituents. This seems requisite to compleat the experiment whether they do more harm or good?\u2014I wrote lately to Mr. Taylor for the pamphlet on the bank. Since that I have seen the \u2018Definition of parties,\u2019 and must pray you to bring it for me. It is one of those things which merits to be preserved.\u2014The safe arrival of my books at Richmond, and some of them at home, has relieved me from anxiety, and will not be indifferent to you.\u2014It turns out that our fruit has not been as entirely killed as was at first apprehended. Some latter blossoms have yeilded a small supply of this precious refreshment.\u2014I was so improvident as never to have examined at Philadelphia whether negro cotton and oznabrigs can be had there. If you do not already possess the information, pray obtain it before you come away. Our spring has on the whole been seasonable, and the wheat as much recovered as it\u2019s thinness would permit. But the crop must still be a miserable one. There would not have been seed made but for the extraordinary rains of the last month. Our highest heat as yet has been 83. This was on the 4th. inst.\u2014That Blake should not have been arrived at the date of your letter, surprizes me. Pray enquire into the fact before you leave Philadelphia. According to Colo. Monroe\u2019s letter this will find you on the point of departure. I hope we shall see you here soon after your return. Remember me affectionately to Colo. and Mrs. Monroe, and accept the sincere esteem of Dear Sir your sincere friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0072", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Joseph L\u2019Epine, 16 May 1794\nFrom: L\u2019Epine, Joseph\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nMonsieur\nNouvelle York le 16 may 1794\nJe suis des plus mortifi\u00e9s, que L\u2019Ev\u00e9n\u00e9ment de la mort de Mr. Joseph Dombey, soit la Premiere occasion, qui me procure l\u2019honneur de vous Ecrire.\nMon Brig Le Boon Capne. Nel. Wm. Brown, partit en Janvier dernier, du havre de Grace pour se rendre icy; ayant pour Passager Mr. Jh. Dombey, qui fit signer audit Capne. des Connoissements de Ses Malles a v\u00f4tre adresse, et le 12 fevrier dernier, ce Brig Re\u00e7\u00fbt un Coup de Vent si terrible, qu\u2019il fit Voille (ayant une voye d\u2019Eau) pour le premier port qu\u2019il pouvoit trouver, et Il fit sa Rel\u00e2che en d\u00e9tresse a la Guadeloupe, o\u00fb Il fit r\u00e9parer ledit Brig pour Continuer son Voy[age sans] son lest, Comme il \u00e9toit venu; et Mr. Dombey quoy [que] malade, se Rembarqua; mais Ils eurent le Malheur d\u00eatre Ar\u00eat\u00e9s par Un Corsaire Anglois le 1er. avril dernier, qui les menat a Montserrat; et les Brigands dudit corsaire pillerent et traiterent Si mal Mr. Dombey, et Mr. Bacchus, qu\u2019ils Contrib\u00fcerent beaucoup a leur Mort: le Capne. dudit Corsaire avoit aussi Pill\u00e9 des Effets et provisions de mondit Navire, et non Content de cela fit un Process au Captne. Brown, dans l\u2019Esp\u00e9rance que Mr. Dombey avoit des Effets et argent dans Ses Malles; mais voyant les Connoissements a v\u00f4tre adresse, Ils n\u2019y voulurent pas toucher; et apres avoir visit\u00e9 tout a bord, m\u00eame Retourner le lest, l\u2019on fit payer au Capne. Brown toute la Proc\u00e9dure, et l\u2019on le Renvoya.\nJe feray Remettre au Magazin Public les Malles de ce Mr., Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019il vous plaise donner vos ordres a vos amis, pour les faire Retirer; et ledit Capne. Brown se flatte que vous le ferez Rembourser de Son Compte de Maladie, fun\u00e9railles, [&c.] dudit Sr. Dombey. J\u2019ay l\u2019honneur d\u2019\u00eatre avec [mon pro]fond Respect Monsieur Votre tres humble & ob. serv.\nJh. L\u2019Epine", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-25-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0074", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 25 May 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. May 25. 1794.\nYour favor of the 15th. Inst: came to hand yesterday. I will procure you the \u201cdefinition of parties,\u201d and one or two other things from the press which merit a place in your archives. Osnabrigs can be had here. Negro cotton I am told can also be had; but of this I am not sure. I learn nothing yet of Blake. The inclosed paper will give you the correspondence of E.R. and Hammond on an occurrence particularly interresting. You will be as able to judge as we are of the calculations to be founded on it. The embargo expires today. A proposition some days ago for continuing it was negatived by a vast majority; all parties in the main concurring. The Republican was assured that the Embargo if continued would be considered by France as hostility: The other had probably an opposite motive. It now appears that through out the Continent the people were anxious for its continuance, and it is probable that its expiration will save the W. Inds. from famine, without affording any sensible aid to France. A motion was put on the table yesterday for re-enacting it. Measures of this sort are not the fashion. To supplicate for peace, and under the uncertainty of success, to prepare for war by taxes and troops is the policy which now triumphs under the patronage of the Executive. Every attack on G.B. thro\u2019 her commerce is at once discomfited; and all the taxes, that is to say excises, stamps, &c. are carried by decided majorities. The plan for a large army has failed several times in the H. of Reps. It is now to be sent from the Senate, and being recomended by the Message of the P. accompanying the intelligence from the Miami, will probably succeed. The influence of the Ex. on events, the use made of them, and the public confidence in the P. are an overmatch for all the efforts Republicanism can make. The party of that sentiment in the Senate is compleatly wrecked; and in the H. of Reps. in a much worse condition than at an earlier period of the Session.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0076", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Monroe, 27 May 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhila. May 27. 1794.\nEarly yesterday morning and immediately after my last was written I was called on by Mr. R. to answer the question \u201cwhether I would accept the legation to France?\u201d The proposition as you will readily conceive surprised me, for I really thought I was among the last men to whom it would be made, and so observed. He said the President was resolved to send a republican character to that nation; that Mr. Madison and Chr. Livingston had refused, that he would not appoint Colo. Burr, lest it should seem as if he sought persons from that state only, and probably it would not have been offered to L. but on account of his having been in the department of foreign affairs, and under these circumstances and considerations he was desired by the President to call on me and asartain whether I would act. As I had espoused B. I told Mr. R. I could not even think on the subject whilst there was a prospect of his success. He assured me he was out of the question, and if I declined, it would probably be offered to Govr. Paca of Maryld. or some person not yet thought of. That he would satisfy the friends of Colo. B. on this head. Before I would consult my friends I requested that this be done\u2014and in consequence the above assurance was given some of them, and I presume they were satisfied. This point of delicacy being removed, I then desired Mr. Madison in conference with a few of our friends to  determine what answer should be given to the proposition. The result was that I should accept upon the necessity of cultivating France, and the incertainty of the person upon whom it might otherwise fall. An answer was accordingly given last evening to the Presidt. to that effect, and the nomination sent in to day. I have not attended nor shall I till after that body shall be pleased to decide upon it. If approved it is wished that I embark immediately for France. I am however extremely anxious to visit albemarle before I sit out taking Mr. Jones in my way. But whether I shall be able to visit either of you is incertain, and will depend in a great measure upon the practicability of getting a vessel about to sail, in a term short of the time, it will take me to perform the journey. Upon this head however I can say nothing untill the nomination is decided on, nor can I say how the decision will be, for my services in the Senate have given me but little claim to the personal regards of the reigning party there. I suspect the nomination created as great a surprize in that house as the proposition to me did, yesterday morning. As yet I have not seen the President. I shall write you more fully in my next. With great respect & esteem I am yr. affectionate friend & servant\nJas. Monroe\nGovr. Mifflins movment has been suspended by the President.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0077", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to John Garland Jefferson, 28 May 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Jefferson, John Garland\nDear Sir\nMonticello May 28. 1794.\nI recieved yesterday your favor of the 11th. inst. and imagine that soon after it\u2019s date you received mine of Apr. 26. on the subject of your lands. I am happy to learn that it is the opinion of a person learned in the laws of that state, that the lands may be recovered. As to the kind of process to be instituted, the lawyers of the state must be the best judges. Were I in your place, I would certainly join to Mr. Henderson the ablest lawyer of the same state practising where the suit must be brought. I return you the two letters.\u2014I shall at all times be glad to hear from you, and particularly to learn that you meet with the success you merit: and I shall certainly with pleasure let you hear from me at times. I am however grown so lazy in writing that it is really an effort for me now to sit down to write a letter. My objects without doors are become so multiplied,  and so interesting, that I scarcely read or write a sentence in a week: for even when in the house my meditations are on the things without. I have almost entirely withdrawn myself from all epistolary correspondence, and particularly as to political matters in which I am endeavoring to contract all the rust I can, by never reading a newspaper. I am however & shall be at all times Dear Sir Your affectionate friend & relation\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0078", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Joseph L\u2019Epine, 28 May 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: L\u2019Epine, Joseph\nSir\nMonticello May 28. 1794.\nI have duly recieved your favor of the 19th. inst. and sincerely lament the loss of Mr. Dombay, whom, according to a letter I had received from him, I had expected for some time. He did not in that letter mention that he should address any packages to me, and therefore I imagine that those you mention as being so addressed, contain his own baggage, papers, and effects, on which he has placed such an address to protect them from capture, and I am happy to learn from you that it has had that effect. After declaring that I have no reason to believe myself interested in them, and, as far as depends on me, authorising any person legally empowered to act for Mr. Dombey, to open the packages, I take for granted the Consul of France at New York, who is authorised by the Consular convention for this purpose, will proceed to open and dispose of the packages, according to what he shall find to be their destination, from the nature of the objects they contain, and the written evidence which probably accompanies them. For this he has my warrant, as far as their address to me may be supposed to render that material. I have the honor to be Sir Your most obedt. humble servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "05-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0079", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Edmund Randolph, 28 May 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\nTh: Jefferson to the Secretary of state\nMonticello May 28. 1794.\nI thank you for forwarding Mr. L\u2019Epine\u2019s letter. Dombey was a man of sense and science, and had resided some years in Spanish America, with which he had made himself much acquainted. Should we have a war with Spain, he would have been a most valuable acquisition to us. I now think it probable that among his papers will be found a good deal of information as to that country, and particularly the best maps of it, notes of it\u2019s force, dispositions, resources &c. on which I found him well informed. If you can obtain these under the instrumentality of their being addressed to me, you are perfectly free to do so: for which purpose I inclose you my answer to L\u2019Epine open.\u2014Doubting whether you would enter into our feelings on the unpropitious seasons and prospects for our farms, and having nothing else worth notice to communicate, I shall only add assurances of my friendly respects, and attachment.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0081", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 1 June 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. June 1. 1794.\nThe Stamp act was poisoned by the ingredient of the tax on transfers. The centinels of Stock uniting with the adversaries of the general plan formed a large majority. The carriage tax which only struck at the Constitution has passed the H. of Reps. and will be a delicious morsel to the Senate. The attempt of this Branch to give the P. power to raise an army of 10,000. if he should please, was strangled more easily in the H. of R. than I had expected. This is the 3d. or 4th. effort made in the course of the Session to get a powerful military establishment, under the pretext of public danger and under the auspices of the P.\u2019s popularity. The bill for punishing certain crimes &c. including that of selling prizes has been unexpectedly called up at the last moment of the Session. It is pretended that our Citizens will arm under French Colors if not restrained. You will be at no loss for the real motive, especially as explained by the circumstances of the present crisis. The bill for complying with Fauchet\u2019s application for a million of dollars, passed the H. of R. by a large majority. The Senate will certainly reject it. Col. M. is busy in preparing for his embarkation. He is puzzled as to the mode of  getting to France. He leans towards an American vessel which is to sail from Baltimore for Amsterdam. A direct passage to F. is scarcely to be had, and is incumbered with the risk of being captured and carried into England. It is not certain that Negro Cotton can be had here. German linens of all sorts can. Nothing of Blake. Tomorrow is the day of adjournment as fixt by the vote of the two Houses; but it will probably not take place till the last of the week. We have had 8 or 10 days of wet weather from the N.E., which seems at length to be breaking up. Yrs. Affy.\nJas. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0083", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Monroe, 6 June 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhila. June 6. 1794.\nSince my appointment I have been extremely occupied in a variety of respects. I had likewise flattered myself with the hope I should see you before my departure till within a day or two past\u2014but of this I now begin to despair. I shall sail from Bal: for which place I sit out in 4. days hence. Tis possible the vessel may not be ready altho I am advised she is. I feel extremely anxious upon the subject of a cypher. Our former one is in a small writing desk at my house, can you get and send it after me in case I do not see you before I sail?\nDanton has been executed, the charge the plunder of publick money\u2014the King of Prussia withdrawn\u2014and the British driven from Corsica. I will write by the several succeeding posts whilst I stay. I am yr. affectionate friend & servt\nJas. Monroe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0084", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Thomas Pinckney, 6 June 1794\nFrom: Pinckney, Thomas\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nMy dear sir\nLondon 6 June 1794\nReport says you are in France, if that report is founded, the interests of Madame Lafayette, on whose account your fellow citizens here are under the utmost anxiety, will of course be supported by your influence and exertions in manifesting the gratitude of our Country for the services we have received from her unfortunate Husband. I am happy to think that we may the more freely indulge this sentiment since the Virtues have been made the order of the day of the Republic; it is likewise pleasing to reflect that our gratitude on this occasion rests on grounds totally unconnected with the present politics of France.\nI have only to add on this occasion my earnest wishes and those of such of my countrymen here as I have conversed with that this virtuous effusion may have on so interesting an occasion its most powerful influence and be attended with its merited success. I remain with sincere respect My dear Sir Your faithful & obedient Servant\nThomas Pinckney", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0086", "content": "Title: List of Unretained Letters, [ca. 9 June 1794]\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: \nList of letters of which no copies have been retained.\nMr. Bolling\u2019s 1794. June 7.\nto Thos. Pleasants 4. mile creek, to engage Nanny Brewer to come to Monticello immediately after harvest to make 100,000 bricks, and to fix her wages. I to send a horse for her.\nEppington.\nJune 8. to James Brown to send me a copy of Donald & Burton\u2019s account and promising to send him a statement of the money I recieved from Clow & Co.\ndo.\ndo.\u2007\u2007to Colo. Gamble to send my groceries left with Heath by a waggon to Charlottesville, and the fish by water by Colo. Lewis\u2019s boats.\ndo.\nJune 9. to Colo. Skipwith. Apologising for not calling on him and informing him of the proceedings proposed against R. Randolph\u2019s representatives for indemnification to us against Bivins\u2019s judgment, and that Marshall thinks favorably on the question whether we shall be liable for the Guineaman.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0087", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Monroe, 17 June 1794\nFrom: Monroe, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nBaltimore June 17. 1794.\nThe urgent pressure of the Executive for my immediate departure has deprived me of the pleasure of seeing you before I sailed. I sincerely regret this for many reasons but we cannot controul impossibilities. Will you forward me a cypher, and letters for your friends remaining in Paris to the care of Mr. R. as soon as possible. They may probably reach Paris as soon as I shall. I beg you to add whatever occurs which may be useful where I am going to the cause in which I am engaged, or to myself in advocating it. Being well acquainted with the theatre on which I am to act it will be much in your power to give me hints of that kind which may be serviceable.\nAs you will shortly see Mr. Madison who leaves this tomorrow or next day I decline saying any thing on the subject of the late proceedings in Phila. in either department of the government. Indeed you know so much of them already that I can add but little.\nI shall place in the hands of James Maury of Liverpool a sum of money to answer my engagement to you. I have written to Colo. Lewis and Mr. Divers to intreat them to value Thena and her children and hope they will do it immediately. Let your draft be about Sepr. and payable at 60. days sight. Let it be accompanied with a letter of advice. The money shall certainly be deposited, unless you would prefer it in France of which you will advise me and draw on myself. I beg you not to omit this as the money will be idle in his hands in case you do not direct otherwise soon.\nI shall confide to Mr. Madison yourself and Mr. Jones the fixing on a spot where my house shall be erected. The doubt will be between the hill to the left of the road as you approach towards Blenheim or the one where the barn stands. On which ever you place it I have given orders for an enclosure and the commencment of those improvments which are contemplated. Your advice on that head as well as the most suitable for the commencment of orchards of different kinds will be regarded.\nWe expect to imbark to morrow and to fall down the bay immediately. Accept my most affectionate wishes for your welfare and that of Mr. Randolph and your daughters and be pleased likewise to unite with them those of Mrs. Monroe. We contemplate a return in about 3. or 4. years at farthest\u2014perhaps sooner. In the interim I wish every preparation for our final repose, I mean from active life, be in the farm adjoining yours. To this object my attention will be turned whilst abroad and I will indeavor to bring back what will contribute [to] its comforts. I wish you to command me in all respects wherein I can serve you. Perhaps you may wish things from the quarter I shall be in not obtainable so easily elsewhere. I am dear [Sir] with the sincerest regard yr. affectionate friend & servt\nJas. Monroe", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "06-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0088", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Timothy Pickering, 30 June 1794\nFrom: Pickering, Timothy\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nSir\nGeneral Post Office June 30. 1794\nMr. Miller, the postmaster at Charlottesville, has signified his desire to resign his office; and waits only for the appointment of a Successor. Permit me to ask the favour of you to name a Suitable person, and who will accept the Office. Altho\u2019 the Commission of 20 per Cent may not be a motive with any one, perhaps the privilege of franking his own letters, not exceeding half an ounce in weight, may be an inducement with some gentleman who is in the practice of sending and receiving many letters. He will at the same time have the pleasure of affording a beneficial accommodation to his neighbours. I am &c T. P.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0090", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from John Leach, 12 July 1794\nFrom: Leach, John\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nGhent, 12 July 1794. A citizen of Boston, he left Massachusetts in February 1790 for the Isle of France and after his arrival sold his ship and cargo and was detained for a long time by a lawsuit. His business affairs settled, he took command of another American ship, sailed for Madras and then took passage for Bengal. Purchasing from an Englishman one half of an American built ship, he and the Englishman proceeded on a freighting voyage to Ostend, arriving in June 1793 and discharging the cargo and selling the ship. The Englishman severely mistreated him on the passage from Bengal, threatening his life and attempting mutiny, and for the safety of cargo and other lives he was obliged to put him in chains for about thirteen hours, after which the Englishman promised better behavior and he was released. Because he was not brought into port as a prisoner and turned over to authorities, the Englishman\u2019s friends thought that Leach was afraid and he was challenged to a duel. On the day it was to take place, the Englishman\u2019s friends persuaded him to prosecute the American instead. Arrested, cast into prison, and then released on bail to stand trial, he has been detained ever since (except for a fortnight in London), despite the promise of a trial month after month. Just as the trial was about to be finished, the French arrived and all business was suspended. For the last three months Leach has resided at Ghent, where he can live at less expense. The Englishman and his friends are doing everything they can to retard the trial. Upon the arrival of the French troops the American captain applied for a passport to travel to Ostend, where all his documents and belongings are. The only papers he has here are a receipt from Mr. Pinckney, ambassador in London, for the ship that was sold at the Isle of France and an introduction from General Lincoln to Colonel Fleury, who left prior to the American captain\u2019s arrival. The only other papers he has with him are insufficient to prove him an American and he is looked upon as \u201clittle better than an English spy.\u201d He requests a letter to the commandant at Ghent so that he may pass unmolested. Anyone from Massachusetts at Paris can attest to his identity, and he is known to Mr. Swan and Mr. Hichborn, who are said to be there. Now that the French are in possession of Flanders he knows that he will obtain the justice he deserves. Having been a staunch friend to that country, including French service in the last war, he finds it hard to be denied a passport when he can prove that he was born in Boston and sailed from that port seventeen years as a ship master. Taken for an Englishman, he fears he will  be thrown into prison, which will surely cost him his life. He seeks relief from this truly disagreeable situation, and a letter can be directed to him through Monsieur Nobles, Ghent.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0092", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Timothy Pickering, 23 July [1794]\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Pickering, Timothy\nSir\nMonticello July 23. [1794.]\nI recieved your favor of June 30. [\u2026] [the?] 16th. inst. and immediately attended to y[our?] [\u2026] will doubtless ere this have informed  [you?] [\u2026] continue in the office, and as long [as?] [\u2026] will execute it with more punctuality, [\u2026] since the change of their rider, our letters [\u2026] [I a]m with sentiments of great respect [\u2026] your most [\u2026]\nTh[: Jefferson]", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0094", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Richard Morris, 27 July 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Morris, Richard\nDr. Sir\nMonticello July 27. 1794.\nI have waited for some time, since the receipt of your letter, with the samples of the cloth, in hopes a known opportunity might occur for sending you an answer: but am at length forced to write and let the letter take it\u2019s chance.\nI think the rendering cloth waterproof, if it does not injure the quality, is a valuable discovery, even tho\u2019 the process should be somewhat costly; because it will inable many to guard themselves against the effects of wet: but it\u2019s importance will be truly great, if the process be so cheap as will admit it to be used for the laboring part of mankind. The rich have so many resources already for taking care of themselves, that an advantage the more, if confined to them, would not excite our interest: but if it can be introduced commonly for labourers, it then becomes valuable indeed. I have tried the samples you were so kind as to send me, and find them sufficiently water proof to answer every desireable purpose. The measures necessary for obtaining a patent are very minutely pointed out by the laws of Congress. They are nearly these. The inventor is to send a petition to the Secretary of state mentioning the nature of his discovery in general terms and praying a patent. He is also to send, what is called a specification of his discovery, that is, a minute description of his process, and a sample of the matter he composes, as well as of the cloth ready prepared, and he pays into the treasury of the US. 30. Dollars. The law requires an oath, the nature of which is pointed out. To this add some small fees (of 3. or 4. Dollars amount at the most) and every thing is done which is requisite for obtaining his patent. I have the honor to be with great esteem Dr. Sir Your most obedt. humble servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "07-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0095", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Carter Waller, 27 July 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Waller, Benjamin Carter\nSir\nMonticello July 27. 94.\nSince my return to Virginia, it has not till lately been in my power to take a journey to that part of the country where Mr. Eppes resides, who has had the sole transaction of the business of Mr. Wayles\u2019s estate. I communicated to him the object of your letter on the subject of Mr. Welsh\u2019s account, and the purport of the answer I had written to you. The affairs of the estate being now too near a close to admit the interference of any other of the executors, Mr. Eppes undertakes to enter into arrangements with you relative to Mr. Welsh. Presuming that you must sometimes have business at Richmond or Petersburg, I cannot but hope you will find it convenient to call on Mr. Eppes, who is not far off the road between those two places: and that your powers are ample enough to meet him in such arrangements as will be just towards both parties. I shall chearfully approve whatever he does for the estate in general; or if, as was done by Farrel & Jones, our portions of the demand can be separated, I shall be ready to arrange with you my separate part. Referring therefore to the result of your communications with Mr. Eppes what is further to be done, and hoping to hear from you on that occasion, I am with great regard Sir Your most obedt. humble servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0096", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Benjamin Carter Waller, 2 August 1794\nFrom: Waller, Benjamin Carter\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nSir\nWms.burg August 2d. 1794.\nYour polite Letter I received many Months since\u2014and should have answered, and proposed a plan for our Meeting, but Indisposition prevented. I am now again well. If the City of Richmond in the Month of October next about the 20th. will be agreeable to you, I can and will meet you with pleasure. Be assured there shall be no Difficulty on my part in the Accomodation, and the Terms you hint at in your Letter, will be allowed, as to my powers I trust they are unlimited. In short it  is Mr. Welsh Wish to give you every Indulgence. Respectfully I remain Yr. most obt. Sert.\nBen: Waller", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0097", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Christopher Clark, 5 August 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Clark, Christopher\nSir\nMonticello Aug. 5. 1794.\nI inclose you the following bonds of persons residing in the counties wherein I understand you practice, to wit.\npenalty\n  condition\n  time of paimt\n  date of bonds\nJames Branch\nWilliam Minor\nGabriel Minor\nJohn Clarke junr.\nJohn Clarke senr.\nRobert Hawkins\nDanl. B. Perrow\nThomas Dillion\nWm. Millner\nSimon Miller\nWm. Miller\nDanl. B. Perrow\nJohn Clarke senr.\nJohn Clarke junr.\nthe whole payable to me. There was a condition subjoined that if they paid punctually at that day, the interest would be relinquished, not having done so it is to be required. Indeed I presume they had no intention of paying but at the end of a course of law, as I have never heard a word from any of them. Where you can apply for paiment without losing time, be pleased to do so; but to let no time be lost in bringing the suits and obtaining the money, this being the condition on which I am myself indulged with delay for the debt these bonds were destined to pay. Be pleased to pay the money when collected to James Lyle of Manchester or order. One article I must entreat you to attend to, that is, the payment of clerk\u2019s and sheriff\u2019s tickets yourself, so as that no one of them may ever be presented to me; it being impossible that I should know which are, or are not paid by you. I presume you may get money in time to pay these demands or make arrangements with the clerks and sheriffs, so as that the collection may answer it\u2019s own calls, and a clear account be  rendered of the nett balance. I shall be glad to know at times how the collection goes on, but it is to Mr. James Lyle I would wish you to be most particular in giving information. Your fees you will of course take out of the proceeds of the collection. I am Sir Your very humble servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0099", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Mann Randolph, 7 August 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Randolph, Thomas Mann\nDear Sir\nMonticello Aug. 7. 1794.\nWe received the day before yesterday your favor of July 28. from Norfolk, and before that had recieved several from you written from different parts of your road. It has been impossible to write to you in return on account of the rapidity and incertainty of your movements. The present is sent to New York tho\u2019 with little prospect of it\u2019s finding you there, as it cannot be there till the 19th. which is near a week beyond your calculation. We are all here in perfect health. Jefferson has had a little complaint in his bowels from the time you left us till lately. But he seemed always to be superior to it, having been little affected in his strength or spirits. We did nothing more than attend carefully to his diet. He is still lazy in talking, that being the real reason of his backwardness, for he can say any thing he attempts. He tells us you are gone to Bossum (Boston). Anne is in high health. Your matters at Edgehill are well. One of your people from Varina tells us the crop there is most extraordinary. I have not heard from Bedford since you left this; but have just sent thither. We began to wish for rain to make our latter corn, and yesterday there fell a very plentiful one, so that we shall scarcely need another. The day before yesterday the mercury had got as high as 87\u00b0. This morning it was down at 59\u00b0 a fall of 28.\u00b0 in 36. hours.\u2014We have heard of an attack by the Indians at fort Recovery; but our information is too little to be depended on to hazard the particulars. We only learn with some degree of certainty that both the sons of P. Marks were killed in it.\nWe are sincerely anxious about the state of your health; and dread almost as much the potent doses of Dr. Currie as the disease itself, whatever it may be. I wish it\u2019s form were more determinate, so that it\u2019s character should be precisely known. Still I hope the voyage to sea will have proved advantageous, and if sensibly so, cannot but feel a wish you would push the advantage as far as it shall be found practicable, as you have gone through the greatest difficulty of the experiment, that of getting to sea from this inland place, and traversing the most bilious part of our country and climate. Be assured we are all tenderly anxious for your recovery and return. We are fully satisfied that the most solid of all earthly happiness is of the domestic kind, in a well assorted family, all the members of which set a just value on each other, and are disposed to make the happiness of each other their first object. The void occasioned by your departure is sensible to us all; we are impatient to see it filled again and hope it will be with a permanent restoration of your health.\u2014While at N. York, would it not be worth while to know on what terms  we can get supplied with our fall goods, and whether on a credit till our wheat and tobacco get to market? I think you will find N. York 10. or 15. per cent cheaper in goods than Philadelphia. With every wish for the recovery of your health and speedy return I am Dear Sir Your\u2019s affectionately\nTh: Jefferson\nP.S. Anne desires me to direct and inclose her letter to her Papa.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0101", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Steptoe, 16 August 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Steptoe, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello Aug. 16. 1794.\nI received your favor by Mr. Clarke and thank you for your care of the great bone. If you will be so good as to deliver it to him, he will send it to me by some suitable opportunity. I shall certainly be in Bedford this fall. When last there (now 13. years ago) I was fully determined to have visited it once or twice a year. No body could then have imagined the series of circumstances which have so long prevented my doing it. This is the first year I have ever had it in my power, and shall not fail in the pleasure of seeing you there. I am with great esteem Dr. Sir Your most obedt. servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0102", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Francis Eppes, 28 August 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Eppes, Francis\nDear Sir\nMonticello Aug. 28. 1794.\nI received yesterday your favor of Aug. 17. as I had before done that of July 15. This would have been sooner answered, but that Mr. Jones was expected here, to whom the custody of Monroe\u2019s papers had been confided. He has been here, and I got him to make a rigorous search for those we had delivered Monroe relative to R. Randolph\u2019s representatives; but they are not to be found. This however is of no other importance to us, than the expence of new copies; for the state of the two deeds to R. and D. Randolph was not exactly as you seem to think. R. Randolph\u2019s deed was on good consideration (viz. marriage) but not recorded in time. D. Randolph\u2019s deed was recorded in time, but not on good consideration, for it was for natural love. Of this I am certain, and I think it probable you have some memorandum or letter of mine, written at the time, which will shew it. The second post after my return [here I?] wrote to Wickam and inclosed him a paper of which I now send you a copy. This went from here July 17. and should have been received by him on the 20th. I answered the postage, that no obstacle might arise from that. In this paper you will perceive that I had stated to Wickam the defect of D. R\u2019s deed to be a want of good consideration, not a failure in it\u2019s being recorded. For fear he [should?] from any accident not have received my letter, it [might not be?] amiss for you to send him this paper, which suffices f[or b]ringing the suit. I had taken for granted the process had been taken out so as to be returneable to the next term. Nothing more was necessary from me to Wickam.\u2014I have received from Marshall an answer to my letter inclosing my notes on the Guineaman. He expresses good confidence in the issue of that suit.\nAs to my attendance at the trial, I mentioned to Marshall and Innes that I would attend. My view was to add a motive the more for their attention to our cause. But my actual attendance is entirely unimportant: and I shall be obliged about that time to take a journey to Bedford to which place I have not had it in my power to go for fourteen years past. If therefore it were possible that I could know the precise day of the Federal court on which this case would come on, it would scarcely  be probable that I could attend. My occupations at home and my aversion to leaving them have some influence also on the chance of my attendance.\u2014You have not informed me to whom I must send the original receipt of which I sent you a copy in John Randolph\u2019s case.\u2014I am sorry to hear of Mrs. Eppes\u2019s indisposition. But it appears of too transient a character to influence her movements thro\u2019 the year. We learnt through Co[l. C]ary\u2019s family that, at any rate, Jack and Betsy would visit us, [and?] that as soon as Jack\u2019s indisposition would permit. We hope that is over, and that we shall not be baulked in this part of our expectation. Mr. Randolph is returned, and is on the recovery. Our greatest alarm as to the nature of his complaint has [subsid]ed. Patsy is well as yet; but probably will be otherwise [. \u2026] Every body else in good health and concurring in wishes [for the ha]ppiness of your family. My love to Mrs. Eppes and our young friends. I have no other channel to send the same to Mr. and Mrs. Skipwith and theirs, when you see them. Adieu. Yours affectionately\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0104", "content": "Title: Enclosure I: Josef de Jaudenes to Edmund Randolph, 16 August 1794\nFrom: Jaudenes, Joseph de\nTo: Randolph, Edmund\nEnclosuresIJosef de Jaudenes to Edmund Randolph\nSir\nNew York 16th. August 1794\nWith no small concern I see myself obliged to inform you, that no progress has been made in the negociation pending between the King my master and the United States on account of the reason I so often gave your predecessor, by writing and conversation, that His Majesty would enter into no Treaty if the powers delegated to the Ministers of the States were not ample or that they had private instructions that should have for their object the concluding a partial and not general treaty; and at least that the Ministers appointed for that purpose by the States should in every respect be such whose Characters, Conduct and Splendor would render them proper persons to reside near his Royal person;  which is required by the importance of the business to be treated on.\nWith this intent the King orders me to make known to the President of the U.S. \u201cthat Spain is ready to treat with the U.S. on whatever relates to the Limits, Indians, Commerce and whatever else may cement the strictest Amity between the two countries, but as the powers given Messrs. Carmichael and Short, the incompetency of the former being so notorious and the conduct of the latter having been also very close and circumspect, it is not possible to conclude such important matters with them\u2014and in consideration of these reasons His Majesty hopes the US. will send another person or persons with full powers to settle the treaty, but such whose Characters and abilities will insure them a kind reception on the part of the King.\u201d\nOn this account I beg you Sir, to inform the President of the US. who I flatter myself will be willing to comply with His Majesty\u2019s request, and with all the brevity required for the interest of both countries; I beg you to inform me the result, that I may communicate it to His Majesty. I beg to repeat my assurances of respect, & am Sir, Your most obedient Servant\nJoseph de Jaudenes", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "08-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0105", "content": "Title: Enclosure II: Edmund Randolph\u2019s Memorandum of a Conference with Josef de Jaudenes, 26 August 1794\nFrom: Randolph, Edmund\nTo: \nIIEdmund Randolph\u2019s Memorandum of a Conference with Josef de Jaudenes\nSubstance of the Conference between Mr. Jaudenes, Commissioner of his Catholic majesty, and Edmund Randolph, Secretary of State, at the Office of the Department of State, on Monday the 25 day of August 1794; in consequence of the request of the said Secretary.\nAfter expressing his regret at being obliged to draw Mr. Jaudenes from New York, Mr. Randolph stated the sensibility excited in the President, on being informed that the treaty between the United States and Spain was suspended for the causes expressed in his letter of the 16th. instant. Mr. Jaudenes observed, that he had at first meditated to make the communication orally; but he finally resolved to make it by letter, intending, if any explanations were necessary, to come to Philadelphia, should he be requested. He reciprocated the sentiments of regret at the situation, to which the Treaty was reduced.\nMr: Randolph then took up Mr. Jaudene\u2019s letter of the 16th. August, and desired to understand the nature of the objection, as to the powers of the Commissioners not being ample. Mr. J. entered into a detail of the transaction from its commencement in December 1791; as it appears from the memoranda of Mr. Jefferson, and the letters between the Spanish Commissioners and him; adding, that it appeared to be Mr. Jefferson\u2019s policy to negotiate for the Missisippi alone; whereas his Catholic Majesty would never treat, but upon all the subjects, unadjusted between him and the United States. Mr. J. observed, that he had indeed understood, that very comprehensive Powers had been afterwards given to the Commissioners; but the nature of them was not made known  to him by Mr. Jefferson. As Mr. J. did not appear to have seen them, and he laid much stress upon an admonition, which he contends, he frequently gave Mr. Jefferson, that the Powers of the Commissioners should be as comprehensive, as those which Mr. Gardoqui formerly brought with him, Mr. R. shewed him the Powers of the American Commissioners. He considered them, as sufficiently comprehensive upon the face of them. Mr. R. remarked, that their comprehensiveness must have been known to the Spanish Ministry, at a very early period; as the exchange of powers precedes every act of Negotiation. This Mr. J. thought probable. Mr. R. expressed some degree of surprise, that after so much time spent in the negotiation, after repeated recognitions of its pendency as well by the Spanish Ministry, at Madrid, as the Spanish Commissioners here, the progress of it should be checked by an objection, which, if valid, ought to have been urged at the beginning, when it might have been immediately removed. To this J. replied, that he was not instructed in the reasons of his Court, farther than he had quoted to Mr. R. in his letter of the 16. August. But as the conference was free, he might conjecture, that they were governed by considerations like these: that the objection to powers was never too late, if as the business advanced, it was found, that they were narrowed by the instructions of the Commissioners, or by the obstinacy of their conduct, than they appeared to be on the face of the paper, which contained them: that his Catholic Majesty might be resolved to treat upon all the matters or none; being desirous of settling every controversy, and possibly seeing some connection between them: that Mr. J. had expressed his apprehension to his Court, that the Missisippi was the object, which the negotiation had principally in view: that this would naturally attract their attention, and induce them to sound and explore; and if they did not find perfect explicitness on the occasion, they might suspect, that the Union of all the subjects was not intended by the United States. Indeed Mr. J. dropped an Idea, that all the States were not solicitous for the Missisippi; that a majority of them were against it; and that the attempt to gain it, might perhaps be conceived, as set on foot, rather to pacify Kentucky, than really to obtain it.\nThis Idea, Mr. R. denied to have any foundation: but Mr. J. seemed to renew it in another form namely; that any concession, which might be necessary to adjust the dispute, tho\u2019 agreeable to some of the States would be disagreeable to the others, and that there was a kind of indisposition in the States for one of them to give up any of its own advantages for the accommodation of the others. To this Mr. R. answered, that there ought not to be a doubt for a moment, that what was stipulated by the United States in Treaty, would be faithfully fulfilled. But it was necessary to return to the supposition above mentioned, of secret instructions, or the particular conduct of the Commissioners restricting the powers to the Missisippi only.\nThis is the second part of Mr. Js. letter, requiring explanation.\nMr. R. inquired, whether the Commissioners had been interrogated upon their instructions, and had answered, that they were restricted? Whether they had declared that they would not proceed upon a new subject, until the Missisippi was definitively settled, without relation to any other matter? Mr. J. could afford no information; not being himself informed. He only observed, that the Spanish Nation being candid and sincere in its transactions would quickly receive disgust, if it should have appeared, that the Commissioners, deviated from Candor and sincerity on their part.\nIn the third place Mr. R. desired an explanation of what was meant by the requisition of a Minister, whose character, conduct and splendor, would render them proper &c. Mr. J. replied, that when the negotiation was first talked of, Mr. Jefferson asked him if Mr. Carmichael would be acceptable; to which Mr. J. answered with a reluctance, which nothing but a sense of duty could overcome, that there was a deficiency of decorum &c. &c. in Mr. Carmichael. Mr. Jefferson then said suppose we unite Mr. Short with him? Mr. J. replied, that he was not personally acquainted with Mr. Short; but he presumed that Mr. Jefferson would not contemplate an unfit person. Some time afterwards Mr. J. was about to say to Mr. Jefferson that Mr. Pinckney would be acceptable, and might probably touch at Madrid for that purpose; but he was told by Mr. Jefferson that the President had already nominated Messrs. Carmichael and Short. Upon hearing this, Mr. J. considered himself as being no longer at liberty to animadvert upon an appointment which was consummated. But Mr. J. still declaring his inability to assign any reasons, except those contained in his letter of August 16 which were the whole of what had been written by his Court, said, that he might conjecture it to be possible, that Mr. Short being as Charg\u00e9 des affaires the author of the offensive Memorial which was addressed to Spain thro\u2019 the French Minister at Madrid had imbibed sentiments too violent and might have expressed them too vehemently. He might perhaps too have partaken too much of Mr. Carmichael\u2019s style of behaviour. Mr. J. then explained the words Character, conduct and Splendor thus. By character he meant a Diplomatic grade (no matter what) invested with full powers for all objects: by conduct, a proper attention to the Court and a proper behaviour in the management of the negotiation: by Splendor, personal dignity and self respect. Splendor as the effect of honorary birth, or proceeding from such Considerations was not included in his expression.\nMr. R. then asked Mr. J. if the negotiation was at a stand. He answered, that he presumed it was.\nMr. R. disclaiming all knowledge of what the President\u2019s ultimate opinion would be, but desirous of knowing whether if another character was to be sent to Spain, the old delays would be repeated, was assured by Mr. J. that in his Opinion, the business might be immediately settled, either by a treaty, signed and executed or by a statement of the terms, upon which a Treaty might be concluded.\nEdm: Randolph August 26th. 1794", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0110", "content": "Title: Power of Attorney to Caleb Lownes, 11 September 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: \nKnow all men by these presents that I Thomas Jefferson named in a certain letter of Attorney from William Short of the state of Virginia, then Minister Resident of the United States at the Hague, to me, bearing date the 2d. day of April 1793. and now lodged in the bank of the  United States; by virtue of the power and authority therein given me, do make substitute and appoint Caleb Lownes of Philadelphia as well my own as the true and lawful attorney and substitute of the said William Short named in the said letter of attorney, to receive from the Treasury or bank of the United States the interest which shall become due on the stock of different descriptions of the said William Short registered in the proper office of the US. at the seat of government in Philadelphia from the first day of July last past to the first day of October next ensuing, and becoming payable on the said first day of October, amounting to three hundred and ninety dollars and sixty two cents: hereby ratifying and confirming the paiment of the said interest to the said Caleb Lownes, and the discharge which he shall give for the same, as done by virtue of the power of attorney aforesaid. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 11th. day of September, 1794.\n\tsigned sealed and delivered in the presence of \u2007\u2007\u2007J W Eppes\nTh: Jefferson\n\u2007Virginia. Albemarle county to wit.\n\u2007Before me Thomas Mann Randolph a justice of peace for the said county, appeared Thomas Jefferson named in the within power of attorney, and freely acknoleged and declared that the seal and signature thereto put, are truly his own seal and signature. Certified under my hand and seal this 11th. day of September 1794.\nTh: M. Randolph\nAlbemarle county to wit\n\u2007I hereby certify that Thomas Mann Randolph whose seal and signature are placed above, is a justice of the peace for the said county, duly qualified, and that full faith and credence ought to be given to his acts. Certified under my hand, and the seal of the said county of Albemarle this 11th. day of Sep. 1794.\nJohn Nicholas C.A.C", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0111", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Fran\u00e7ois D\u2019Ivernois, 16 September 1794\nFrom: Ivernois, Fran\u00e7ois d\u2019\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nMonsieur\nLondres ce 16 7bre 1794.\nJ\u2019ai l\u2019honneur de vous adresser le Duplicata de ma D\u00e9peche No. 1r. exp\u00e9di\u00e9e by the Indian Chief bound for Baltimore. Je n\u2019ai rien \u00e0 ajouter \u00e0 son contenu, si ce n\u2019est de vous conjurer d\u2019y donner toute l\u2019attention qu\u2019il me semble m\u00e9riter pour votre Province et pour mes malheureux compatriotes.\nLes dernieres lettres de Geneve sont de plus en plus affligeantes, mais elles me donnent aussi de plus en plus l\u2019assurance qu\u2019il ne tient qu\u2019\u00e0 la Virginie de r\u00e9aliser le projet que je vous ai d\u00e9velopp\u00e9. Le sang coule de nouveau dans la malheureuse Geneve, et quoique ce soyent \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 les R\u00e9volutionaires eux-memes qui y sont maintenant aux prises les uns avec les autres; le terrible Tribunal y a repris ses fonctions de proscription et de d\u00e9pouillement. Une foule de citoyens en ont re\u00e7u de nouveaux mandats d\u2019arret, et tous les Genevois sens\u00e9s et honnetes ne songent plus qu\u2019\u00e0 quitter \u00e0 jamais et \u00e0 tout prix ce s\u00e9jour de crimes.\nDeja quelques uns d\u2019entr\u2019eux ayant r\u00e9ussi a prix d\u2019argent, \u00e0 faire commuer leurs emprisonnemens Domestiques en un exil plus ou moins long, tournent directement leurs pas vers l\u2019am\u00e9rique. Et j\u2019apprens qu\u2019ils vont etre suivis \u00e0 Hambourg par une seconde bande dans la quelle on d\u00e9signe les deux meilleurs R\u00e9gens de notre College. Il est vrai qu\u2019ils paraissent tendre exclusivement leurs vues vers l\u2019agriculture et vers le Nord de la Pensilvanie; mais d\u00e8s que vous m\u2019aurez mis \u00e0 meme de leur communiquer mon projet, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire de leur en annoncer l\u2019adoption de la part de la Virginie, ce sera un signal heureux qui r\u00e9unira en un meme instant tous les v\u0153ux, toutes les esp\u00e9rances, tous les c\u0153urs et tous les interets.\nMais je ne saurais trop vous le r\u00e9p\u00e9ter Monsieur, tout le succ\u00e9s de ce signal d\u00e9pend de l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration avec la quelle vous serez \u00e0 meme de me le faire passer, et de l\u2019influence que vous aurez sur votre province pour lui faire sentir qu\u2019une entreprise pareille d\u00e9pend entierement de la confiance  avec la quelle elle peut-etre adopt\u00e9e, et de l\u2019extreme rapidit\u00e9 de son ex\u00e9cution. Certes, quelque douteuse que la transplantation de notre Universit\u00e9 puisse para\u00eetre \u00e0 quelques Am\u00e9ricains, non seulement plus je la m\u00e9dite, et plus je la crois possible, mais plus j\u2019entrevois pour elle de ressources incalculables d\u2019associations et de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9s dans le r\u00e9sultat in\u00e9vitable des convulsions croissantes de ce Continent, qui presque partout y ont dej\u00e0 remplac\u00e9 par des institutions purement guerrieres les institutions pour les sciences.\nEn effet Monsieur, voila tous les savans les plus distingu\u00e9s de la France en fuite, pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s incarc\u00e9r\u00e9s ou cach\u00e9s. Voila l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Mayence dispers\u00e9e depuis pres de deux ans, et toutes celles de Hollande \u00e9branl\u00e9es peut-etre jusques dans leurs fondemens. Ne Serait-il pas \u00e9galement utile pour l\u2019am\u00e9rique et digne d\u2019elle, de leur pr\u00e9senter un port assur\u00e9 en commen\u00e7ant par naturaliser chez elle l\u2019acad\u00e9mie de Geneve, cette Acad\u00e9mie, contre la quelle dans tous mes voyages, je n\u2019ai jamais entendu \u00e9lever d\u2019autre reproche si ce n\u2019est que la jeunesse \u00e9trangere y contractait trop le gout de la libert\u00e9? Et sous ce rapport meme, ne vous paraitra-t-elle pas plus digne qu\u2019une autre Monsieur, de former l\u2019avant garde de cette honorable retraite des hommes de lettres de l\u2019ancien monde vers le nouveau?\nPlus je caresse cette grande id\u00e9e, plus j\u2019\u00e9tudie les difficult\u00e9s de son ex\u00e9cution, et plus je crois qu\u2019elles se concentreront exclusivement sur les d\u00e9lais et sur les lenteurs que vos formes R\u00e9publicaines apporteront peut-etre dans l\u2019examen et dans l\u2019adoption de mes propositions.\nC\u2019est pour ne rien n\u00e9gliger de mon cot\u00e9 de tout ce qui pourra h\u00e2ter son acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de la part des Genevois, que je prens la libert\u00e9 de vous pr\u00e9senter ici d\u2019avance une S\u00e9rie de questions, Sur les quelles il me sera pr\u00e9cieux de pouvoir \u00e9clairer les \u00e9migrants de toutes les classes au moment meme o\u00f9 vous m\u2019aurez mis \u00e0 port\u00e9e de leur annoncer mon projet et son adoption. En r\u00e9digeant ces questions, je suis parti de la Supposition que votre Province voterait le revenu annuel que je demande pour notre Universit\u00e9 en nous autorisant \u00e0 la fixer sur les terres que nous acheterions en Virginie. Et ce Serait en effet le moyen qui me paraitrait le plus sur de h\u00e2ter l\u2019entreprise, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire en d\u2019autres termes de la faire r\u00e9ussir.\nAussi vais-je compter avec bien de l\u2019impatience Monsieur, les semaines qui s\u2019\u00e9couleront avant votre r\u00e9ponse. Puisse-t-elle etre complettement favorable, et m\u2019apporter en meme tems tous les \u00e9claircissemens n\u00e9cessaires pour d\u00e9terminer \u00e0 la fois les \u00e9migrants de toutes les vocations! Car il est essentiel qu\u2019ils puissent, tout en vous envoyant des agens, faire avec confiance leurs pr\u00e9paratifs pour partir avant d\u2019avoir re\u00e7u des nouvelles de ces derniers, puisque l\u2019obligation de les attendre  pourrait diff\u00e9rer leur d\u00e9part jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019automne ou meme jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019hyver de l\u2019ann\u00e9e prochaine. J\u2019ai l\u2019honneur d\u2019etre avec respect Monsieur, Votre tres humble & tres ob\u00e9issant serviteur\nF d\u2019Ivernois\nP.S. Les lettres de Geneve du 25 pass\u00e9 annoncent que les R\u00e9volutionaires ont cass\u00e9 ou vont casser non seulement la Compagnie des Pasteurs, mais meme l\u2019acad\u00e9mie. Si cette derniere n\u2019a pas encore \u00e9prouv\u00e9 ce dernier coup, elle l\u2019attend. Mais en supposant meme qu\u2019elle y \u00e9chappat; comment nos Professeurs pourraient-ils songer \u00e0 continuer leurs fonctions dans une pareille R\u00e9sidence? Heureusement le nombre des Genevois r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s en suisse est deja tres consid\u00e9rable, et s\u2019y accroit chaque jour.\nIl est une question sur la quelle je desirerais Monsieur, m\u2019adresser exclusivement \u00e0 vous. Je ne vous dissimulerai point que je redoute que les principes et les m\u0153urs de la jeunesse envoy\u00e9e \u00e0 Notre Universit\u00e9 ne pussent s\u2019alt\u00e9rer au milieu d\u2019esclaves des deux sexes: Et je d\u00e9sirerais savoir, si soit la Province, soit les \u00e9tablissements voisins du notre verraient avec quelque d\u00e9plaisir que les Genevois se liassent entr\u2019eux 1\u00b0. \u00e0 ne point admettre d\u2019esclaves dans leur Colonie, 2\u00b0. \u00e0 soumettre leurs propres contestations p\u00e9cuniaires \u00e0 des arbitres choisis par les parties. Cette disposition presque universelle chez nous y avait absolument an\u00e9anti l\u2019esprit processif, et peut-etre nous serait-elle plus pr\u00e9cieuse encore dans un payz dont nous ne connaitrions pas dabord les loix particuli\u00e9res.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0112", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Queries of Fran\u00e7ois D\u2019Ivernois, 16 September 1794\nFrom: D\u2019Ivernois, Fran\u00e7ois\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nEnclosureQueries of Fran\u00e7ois D\u2019Ivernois\nQueries\n1st\nWhich are the largest tracts of uncultivated lands, contiguous together, to be sold in the Northern parts of the Province of Virginia? What is their quality and their price, as well as the price of the neighbouring lands either cultivated or uncultivated? What are their actual or future means of carriage by land or by water, and what is their distance from the next Settlements and from the Chief Towns?\n2dly\nAre there Settlements to be found in the neighbourhood of the most eligible of those tracts, where the emigrants might conveniently place at boarding for about six months their children and wives, in such a manner that they might learn the language and prepare themselves to their new avocations of farmers? And if so, what are supposed to be the terms of the best as well as of the cheapest boardings?\n3ly.\nSupposing the new Colony to consist in about one hundred families, half of which might arrive in the year 1795 and the other half in the year following; what class of Mechanics will it be proper for the first emigrants to take with them? What may be the advisable number of each of these to engage, such as carpenters, masons, joiners, smiths, tanners, shoe makers turners, brewers, glaziers & &? And what is in Virginia the actual price of the labour of each of these workmen?\n4thly\nAmongst the Genevan Mechanics of all Kinds, which are those, who, without being useful to the settlement in its first infancy, would be sure to find employment in the Chief neighbouring Towns, such as book printers book binders, hatters, linen printers, tinmen, braziers, silversmiths, weavers &?\n5thly\n[As it] is likely that several emigrants and [especially] those who are in easy circumstances [will have] in their power to carry over with [them garden]ers, as well as family and farmer [servants, either] Genevans or swiss; what is [the best kind] of agreement to settle with [them before their] departure, and of which the Laws of the Province would, if necessary, enforce the faithfull execution? In the recompense agreed for their future services during a certain number of years, would it not be proper to stipulate the gift of lands at their arrival, for a sum specified, and the allowance of a fixed time of absence in the last year of their service to begin the clearing of them? The sending of the model of some contract of that Kind properly worded and reciprocally just and equitable would be very acceptable.\n6ly.\nDoes there exist in Virginia the same Law as in the Province of New York, which does not allow an absent alien to possess or transmit landed properties, and which subjects him to the interference of an agent?\n7ly.\nIn cases of successions ab intestat, how do the laws of Virginia divide the inheritance between the Widow and children?\n8ly.\nWhat are the actual wages of servants either white or black? And are they easily to be procured?\n9ly.\nSupposing that agents from the Academy and from the sharer\u2019s Company, should be able to arrive in Next March, and find the negociation in such a forwardness as to be able to conclude it and fix the place of settlement in April; would it be possible 1st. for the Province to have the Colleges back for the end of the year? 2dly. for the Company to find people who would undertake in the same space of time, to build a Church a tavern, a baking house, a saw mill, a corn mill, a public market as well as about 50 small but decent houses half of  them in brick or stone, and to clear 200, or 300 acres of lands? If so, what would likely be the sum asked for this last undertaking?\n10thly\nWhich is the most proper estimate to give to a family accustomed to easy circumstances, of the capital necessary at their arrival, to build a small but confortable brick or stone house, to furnish it, to begin a little farm, to buy the necessary utensils of husbandry, and stock of cattle, to clear out and cultivate 10 or 20 acres, and to support themselves in provisions with three children and 2 servants for the first year? What is also the least sum which such a family without servants must provide for, before they undertake the same Kind of establishment in the most moderate way? In these calculations, the purchase of lands, which must vary according to the price of those upon which the settlement is to take place, is not to be included.\n11ly.\nWould the Company have any other more advantageous means of laying out their stocks than to deposite them in England, in order to have them remitted to America when wanted?\n12ly\nWith regard to the private property which the individual emigrants may carry over with them, would this means also be the most advisable? Would it be better for them to carry it over in specie, or to purchase here American stocks, or even to take goods with them such as watches and jewels from Geneva, coarse muslins from Zurich, coarse and fine linen painted in Geneva, silk stuffs from france, french books & &.\n13ly.\nWould it be advisable for the Mechanics to carry over with them the instruments of their professions, and for the generality of the emigrants to transport a part of their furniture such as all their linens and even their Kitchin utensils, drawers, chairs, tables & &? For a [proper] answer to this quere, it must be [observed] that if it be still in their power [to go down] the Rhine in the next year [from Man]heim to Rotterdam, the price [of carriage] from Geneva to that seaport [would be about] three Dollars per hundred [weight].\n14ly\nWhat is the actual price of provisions in the North of Virginia and more particularly of meat, corn, butter, cheese and cyder?\n15ly\nWhat is in Virginia the legal interest of money?\n16ly.\nWill the Cloathes, books household furniture and implements of the emigrators be exempted from the import duty, if they are sent in different vessels from the one that carries the proprietors over?\n17ly\nIf the civil Laws of the Province of Virginia and the regulations of the College of William and Mary are printed, a copy of them would be very acceptable as well as some map of the largest tracts of lands to be sold in the northern parts of Virginia.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0115", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Fran\u00e7ois D\u2019Ivernois, 23 September 1794\nFrom: Ivernois, Fran\u00e7ois d\u2019\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nMonsieur,\nLondres ce 23 7bre 1794.\nJ\u2019ai eu l\u2019honneur de vous adresser depuis quinze jours, by the Indian Chief bound for Baltimore, and by the two systers bound for James River, deux longues D\u00e9peches qui contiennent 1\u00b0. un expos\u00e9 historique de la R\u00e9volution qui vient de bouleverser la R\u00e9publique de Geneve, et toutes ses institutions pour les sciences. 2\u00b0. Un projet que j\u2019ai form\u00e9 et sur le quel je vous consulte, de transplanter son Acad\u00e9mie toute entiere en Am\u00e9rique, et plus particulierement en Virginie, si votre Province veut lui ouvrir les bras. Je vous ai fait parvenir ces D\u00e9p\u00e9ches par Duplicata, car rien n\u2019est plus important au succ\u00e8s du projet qu\u2019elles vous soumettent que de vous atteindre avec suret\u00e9 et surtout avec promptitude.\nL\u2019ex\u00e9cution de ce grand projet tiendrait \u00e0 un revenu annuel de 15,000 Dollars, que l\u2019un des Etats-Unis accorderait \u00e0 notre Universit\u00e9 pour sa dot; en nous autorisant \u00e0 la fixer sur des terres qu\u2019y acheterait une Compagnie de Genevois, les quels y conduiraient une Colonie agricole et industrieuse.\nCette id\u00e9e que j\u2019avais dabord saisie pour mes malheureux compatriotes comme une planche dans leur naufrage, me devient de plus en plus chere \u00e0 mesure que la ruine de notre petite et int\u00e9ressante R\u00e9publique devient plus complette et plus irr\u00e9mediable. Je vous adresse ici Monsieur, la Suite de l\u2019historique de sa catastrophe. C\u2019est pour vos papiers publics que j\u2019ai destin\u00e9 ce tableau, et il me parait ne devoir etre ni sans curiosit\u00e9 ni sans instruction, pour des R\u00e9publicains qui mettent trop de prix \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 pour ne pas \u00e9tudier avec int\u00e9ret dans l\u2019histoire les vertus par les quelles on m\u00e9rite de la conserver, et les \u00e9carts qui exposent \u00e0 la perdre sans retour. Cette seconde sc\u00e9ne de notre R\u00e9volution vous mettra surtout \u00e0 meme de juger Monsieur, combien est praticable et pressante la transplantation que je vous ai propos\u00e9e.\nJ\u2019apprens que la Province de Maryland a fait il y a quelques ann\u00e9es pour un \u00e9tablissement Acad\u00e9mique, un fond annuel bien plus consid\u00e9rable que celui que je sollicite en faveur du notre, et j\u2019ignore les  r\u00e9sultats de cette cr\u00e9ation: mais je me flatte que la dot que j\u2019ai demand\u00e9e suffira dabord pour donner une existence solide \u00e0 notre Nouvelle Universit\u00e9; et si comme je n\u2019en doute pas, elle r\u00e9alise les esp\u00e9rances que la Virginie aurait fond\u00e9es sur elle, je doute bien moins encore qu\u2019une L\u00e9gislature aussi \u00e9clair\u00e9e que la votre h\u00e9zitat \u00e0 lui donner dans la Suite tous les autres accroissemens et tous les encouragemens, dont elle se montrerait digne. Ne serait-il point possible Monsieur, d\u2019en faire entr\u2019autres d\u00e8s \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent non seulement un s\u00e9minaire pour les maitres de ces \u00e9coles primaires si utiles et si avantageuses que votre Province avait eues en contemplation il y a douze ans, mais encore the General Grammar school o\u00f9 elle se proposait d\u2019envoyer \u00e0 ses fraix les enfans qui se seraient distingu\u00e9s dans leurs ecoles de paroisse? Notre \u00e9tablissement offrirait en meme tems \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mulation des plus m\u00e9ritans d\u2019entr\u2019eux la perspective d\u2019etre introduits et soutenus de la meme maniere dans notre Acad\u00e9mie. S\u2019il est vrai Monsieur, que ce beau plan de votre Province, plan Si noble, Si vaste et Si utile, n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 diff\u00e9r\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent que par l\u2019effet des circonstances, celle qui Se pr\u00e9sente ne vous semblerait\u2019elle pas singulierement favorable pour lui donner enfin l\u2019existence en la rendant \u00e0 notre Universit\u00e9 qui pourrait tout \u00e0 la fois fournir le germe d\u2019un arbre aussi pr\u00e9cieux en rassembler les rameaux, et en Soigner les fruits? Ressuscit\u00e9e sous de pareils auspices en Am\u00e9rique, elle y trouverait pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les seuls avantages qui lui avaient manqu\u00e9, [c\u2019est] \u00e0 dire un grand th\u00e9atre et un puissant motif d\u2019\u00e9mulation dans l\u2019assurance de pouvoir rendre avec usure \u00e0 la Virginie ce qu\u2019elle en aurait re\u00e7u. Qui sait meme si elle ne m\u00e9riterait pas un jour dans sa nouvelle patrie l\u2019\u00e9loge honorable que les savans suisses lui avaient accord\u00e9 celui d\u2019avoir fait de Geneve l\u2019Athenes de l\u2019helv\u00e9tie?\nSi la Providence l\u2019apelle \u00e0 de pareilles destin\u00e9es en Virginie, et que votre Province adh\u00e9re aux propositions que je lui ai soumises; il y aura Monsieur, un autre objet non moins essentiel au succ\u00e8s de notre r\u00e9surection. J\u2019entens par l\u00e0 tout ce qui aura rapport au choix de l\u2019emplacement pour cette Geneve Acad\u00e9mique, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire, l\u2019achat des terres, leur \u00e9tendue, leur prix, leur fertilit\u00e9, la salubrit\u00e9 du district & &. Mais sous ce second point de vue comme sous le premier, je me permets encore de vous envisager d\u2019avance Monsieur, comme notre Conseiller et notre fondateur. C\u2019est surtout cet espoir encourageant qui m\u2019anime; et si j\u2019avais dans ce moment l\u2019assurance que vous prendrez notre \u00e9tablissement sous votre Protection, je ne douterais deja ni de sa fondation ni de Ses prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9s futures, et je ne g\u00e9mirais plus sur le sort de l\u2019\u00e9lite de mes compatriotes, puisqu\u2019en transportant en Virginie leur Acad\u00e9mie, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire leurs vrais Dieux P\u00e9nates, ils les placeraient enfin sous les ailes d\u2019une Nation vraiment ind\u00e9pendante, deja puissante, et suffisamment \u00e0  l\u2019abri de l\u2019influence \u00e9trangere qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 la cause de tous les malheurs pass\u00e9s et pr\u00e9sens des Genevois.\nEn vous adressant Monsieur, une proposition aussi nouvelle que celle que je vous soumets, je vous supplie de nouveau de me faire passer d\u00e8s que vous l\u2019aurez re\u00e7ue vos premiers apper\u00e7us sur son succ\u00e8s: Car votre seule approbation me suffirait deja pour jetter les premiers fondemens de l\u2019entreprise, en attendant que vous pussiez me mander la sanction d\u00e9finitive par la quelle votre Province me mettrait \u00e0 port\u00e9e d\u2019annoncer \u00e0 tous mes compatriotes une nouvelle patrie, et \u00e0 tous nos Professeurs une nouvelle carri\u00e8re. J\u2019ai l\u2019honneur d\u2019etre avec respect Monsieur, Votre tres humble & tres ob\u00e9issant serviteur\nF. d\u2019Ivernois\nMon adresse est chez Mr. Chauvet Kensington near London.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0116", "content": "Title: Enclosure: Fran\u00e7ois D\u2019Ivernois\u2019s Second Letter on the Genevan Revolution, 23 September [1794]\nFrom: Ivernois, Fran\u00e7ois d\u2019\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nEnclosureFran\u00e7ois D\u2019Ivernois\u2019s Second Letter on the Genevan Revolution\nLondon Septr. 23d. [1794]\nThe troubles in Geneva seem to take a less violent turn. The people begin to feel the stings of remorse and even to confess it; but they never can recede from the Revolutionary career upon which they have entered; and although they already lament the innocent blood they have spilt, they are incapable of renouncing the pleasure of plundering, with which they have been once gratified: and the confiscations still continue. For the same reason that our modern philosophers have untill now found it easier to study the springs of liberty operating on so small a scale as that of Geneva, our readers will likewise be better able to judge from it of the action and effects of the new Revolutionary Doctrine, and a retrospective glance on its introduction and effects in Geneva will not perhaps be to them devoid of interest or utility.\nIn one point of view but only in this one, the Genevese Revolutionists have remained behind hand with the French, as of all the number of victims which  include the 10th: part of what the males amount to, only one woman is to be found, who has been condemned to perpetual seclusion for having forwarded letters to some French Emigrants. Still it appears that this sentence, the only one which has affected her sex, was forced by the urgent influence employed by the French Resident.\nBut in every other point the Genevese in imitating the French have surpassed them. Thus it has been for instance that members of the Revolutionary Tribunal have themselves executed and shot the unfortunate Magistrates, whom they had just condemned. Thus it was that in the trial of Syndic Caylas they had the effrontery to place at the head of his accusations the charitable distributions he made by the hands of the Clergy during the rigorous winter of 1783, which amounted to 800\u00a3 Sterg: with the view as they imputed to him, of corrupting the minds of the poor. It is indeed but too true that he had ill applied his immense charities, as he had conferred them on the very set of people, who demanded his death, and obtained it. They reproach themselves at this day openly with it, but some extraordinary event alone could have forced them to this speedy recrimination.\nIt is to be remembered that the subversion of the Government of the 18th: of July was chiefly plotted and executed by the club of Montagnards half foreigners, half Genevese, to whom from terror, surprise, and cowardice half of the citizens joined themselves the following day. As such men as these Montagnards could only be the Grenadiers and not the Directors of so complete a Revolution, the instant the leaders of the preceding one were associated to them, they seized the reins from the Resident of France, who, in exciting the Montagnards, had flattered himself with the hopes of governing them, and of forcing by their means the little Republic to demand its reunion with France. And indeed as soon as this hope had failed him, he began an open rupture with the new leaders in which they treated him with so much the less discretion, as the fall of Robespierre, whose creature he was, gave them the prospect of overturning him, of saving thereby the political independence of Geneva, and of preserving for themselves the fruits of the Revolution and its plunder.\nScarce had the daily pay of the Revolutionists ceased, which had been decreed only for three weeks and which cost near \u00a3300 Sterg. a day to the State, than the Allies of the Resident, deprived of this resource, and forced to return to their work, began to demand a new pay and consequently a new Revolution to supply it. They loudly declaimed that the national vengeance had not been sufficiently satisfied, that the Aristocrats who had been spared should have their turn. They demanded in short that the Revolutionary Tribunal should resume its functions, and proceed to execute justice on 5 to 600 other suspected citizens amongst whom they began to mark out a few Revolutionists who appeared the most attached to the independance of the Republic. At this last threat, their latter were roused up from their lethargy: They convoked all the Revolutionary Clubs on whom they made a deep impression by a speech which contains such unguarded confessions, and such remarkable insinuations against the french Resident as deserve to have some extracts presented here.\n\u201cI insist, said the speaker, that the proposal of erecting a new Revolutionary Tribunal, cannot be suggested but by the perfidy of an ennemy to our Independance, and supported only by mislead persons or idle people, who now having the resolution of returning to their occupations, presume with reason the obligation under which we should be placed of continuing the national pay, the instant every business should be stopped anew. For, who can still alledge without blushing at his ignorance or his intentions, any fear from Genevese Aristocracy? an ephemeric being crushed under the loss of his fortune, and under the immense rubbish of the french Monarchy, without means of force within, and without ressource from abroad. & &.\n\u201cFrance has placed justice as the order of the day, and can Geneva, which ought to offer to the world the sight of a city of brothers only, contain men, who  are not yet satiated with victims, and who demand a second erection of a revolutionary Tribunal, which might judge arbitrarily, and wave its sword over every head? Are you not sensible citizens, of the dangers to which we shall be liable should the respectable Powers who border upon us, and on which we depend for our subsistance and trade, highly displeased with the repetition of scenes, which they have already marked with the testimony of their reprobation, should at last anathematize our country? Then Geneva the birth place of Rousseau, Geneva which had merited the esteem and consideration of all Europe, by the moderation which its citizens had ever displayed untill now in their intestine disputes; by their morals, their Religion, their instruction, and their abilities, Geneva will disappear for ever from the catalogue of free and independant Cities. Let us hasten to stop the consequences of such a revolution. & &\u201d\nThis speech which was warmly applauded both by those who had commenced the Revolution, and by those who had associated themselves to it, though at the same time they detested it, was published by order of the Revolutionists, and restored courage and speech to those whom terror had petrified and untill then had carried along in the torrent of the montagnards. They resolved 1st. to arm, but not to receive any national pay. 2dly. to revive the Revolutionary tribunal to prosecute, no longer the pretended Aristocrats, but the real agitators, and amongst other things, to make a deep search into their conspiracy against the Independance of the state.\nHowever the former Tribunal at the head of whom is Bousquet, seemed in resuming its formidable functions to wish to spare those montagnards who had served him as janissaries. He strived to divert the public vengeance from their heads by solliciting farther denunciations against the rich, who had escaped from the effects of the first Revolution, and to whom he still gave the appellation of incorrigible ennemies. But this time, the Revolutionists were no longer its dupes, for the very day after, (the 25 Augt.) irritated by its equivocal proceeding, and its hesitations, they presented the following address to it.\nCitizens! 2139 Insurgents gave you order yesterday to erect yourselves into a Revolutionary Tribunal and to judge the criminals arrested in the morning. What have you done? Nothing \u2026 We are tired with so much inaction, and we now come to declare to you, that if at noon, you do not begin to try the arrested persons, you are responsible to us for the evils which may be the consequence. Let the first of your members who would disconcert your proceedings be instantly put in arrest: Let the montagnards be disarmed: Let the address found amongst their papers be communicated to all your fellow citizens: And let all the agitators be punished during the day.Signed Gerard secretary.\nOn seizing the registers of the Montagnards, they had indeed discovered the project of an address which tended no less than to plunge anew the little Republic into the most dreadful anarchy, in order to force it to throw itself into the arms of the great Republic of france. It is asserted that although the signatures had been effaced, they have been recovered by the means of a Chemical process, and that among others, that of the french Resident has appeared, who besides, finds himself named and strongly implicated in all the confessions of those montagnards who have yet been tried.\nDuring these transactions, the Minister of the Republic of Geneva at Paris, a very able man, having had the address of availing himself of these discoveries, and of the fall of Robetspierre to interest the opposite faction in favour of Geneva, succeeded not only in obtaining from the french Committee the disavowal  of the Resident Soulavie but likewise in having him recalled with public marks of disapprobation, and even procured a new recognition of the Independance of Geneva, by the french Convention, who granted that Minister the same honours as they had just conferred on the Minister of the United States of America.\nUpon this news the Tribunal at Geneva no longer hezitated to execute justice on the montagnards, and several of them were conducted to condign punishment amidst the acclamations of that same populace who five weeks before had been the instruments of their destructive projects. Thus this little Drama presents even in its second scene a farther proof of that great truth advanced by a french orator, that every Revolution of this Kind is like saturne and devours its own offspring.\nThe oppressed Genevese are in hopes from this second scene will produce some amelioration of what they had been led to apprehend from the first; and particularly of enjoying some greater facility to quit this theatre of crimes; as some amongst them have already obtained by dint of money, the permission of commutting their year of Domestic emprisonment into perpetual bannishment without confiscation. And indeed, who can be surprized at any one\u2019s purchasing as a favour, a perpetual bannishment from a country polluted with the stain of innocent blood, from a city which is distracted with discord, famine and repentance, and where even those who lament the most the career of crimes on which they are entered, have not the possible means at command of quitting it? This frightful perspective is however so true, that in order to proceed against the montagnards who projected farther excesses, the best disposed among the Revolutionists have been in some measure forced to allow fresh ones to be committed; as the revived Tribunal with a view to give himself an air of impartiality, has confiscated the property of several absent persons who had escaped the avidity of its first researches: among these latter is one of the most distinguished Professors. It is not less in agitation than the speedy destitution of all nonrevolutionist persons charged with the care of public Instruction, so that every Class of them is to be abolished Clergy, Professors in every branch of sciences, public masters & &. But such of them as the public opinion mark out as being most indispensable for the present, will be put in a state of requisition as the plate & &.\n  Geneva is lost without ressource in respect to Religion, to morals, to the sciences, to the fine arts, to trade\u2014to liberty, and above all to internal peace. Its convulsions can have no other term than that of those of france to the fate of which it has had the criminal inprudence irremissibly to attach itself, and of which it will suffer more or less all the shocks. For the fall of the Genevese montagnards is evidently nothing more than the rebounding blow of that of the partisans of Robetspierre in france. That power is now the only ally which remains to the feeble Geneva, and she would loose it and irritate it beyond the hope of reconciliation, should her citizens attempt, as already they desire it, to revert to the wise laws and the well tempered liberty which they have sacrificed for these two years past on the altar of the Revolutionary Doctrine. facilis descensus Averni  sed revocare gradum, hoc opus, hic labor est.\n   In answer to a violent note in which the French Resident accused the Revolutionary Government of being an Enemy to France, made mention of some pretended grievances and threatned to arm the neighbouring French districts against Geneva. The Syndics answered him by a very spirited letter, which will form an epoch in the new Diplomatic stile of Revolutions.\n   \u201cCitizen Resident, replied they, the Syndics and Council of the Republic of Geneva, have never mistaken the nature of your dispositions in relation to the Republic and its government. A long time have they seen you follow without variation a plan which directly tends to implicate both with the Republic of France. From motives of peace, from respect for the public character with which you are invested, they have repressed the painful sentiments which they experienced, they have kept silent. But now that you yourself no longer respect this character at the same time that you throw aside every kind of respect towards the Magistrates of an independent people, they can no longer dissemble the sentiments which the extraordinary conduct you have held inspires them. They are bound to repel the truly hostile proceedings, of which they have been for some time past the object. We shall not undertake the enumeration of all the grievances, which we have to urge against you; the time will come when we shall specify them before those who are just and powerful enough to have justice rendered us; we shall confine ourselves to a few observations on your note of the 11th: Thermidore, and on the spirit which prevails throughout it. This note will suffice to prove how little you are scrupulous on the choice of the means, when you have in view to render the Genevese odious to the French. You mutilate facts, you misrepresent circumstances, what you seem to keep from the public appears to be worse than what you publish &c. And it is at the very time when the true friends of liberty and equality rise to destroy Aristocracy, that you attribute hostile views to the Genevese towards the French Republic! Where is a Citizen of Geneva to be found, if he be not a Traitor to his Country who can conceive any advantage to be derived from fatiguing as you say, the neighbouring people to animate and arm them against us? We tell you without feint, Citizen Resident, that these are insidious constructions, which you strive to give to events, and which are evidently made to animate the neighbouring people against us, and to commit us with them. Was it then for this purpose that you have been sent amongst us? The French Nation have made justice and probity the order of the day, and you who are it\u2019s representative, you falsify facts in order to impute wrongs to us! The French wish to fraternize with every free people, and you you make an abuse of the influence attached to your situation to implicate with such a nation the only people who have adopted its principles! We know that the Committee of public safety will never refuse to listen to us, that it will never judge a whole nation without hearing it: and that we shall have great truths to announce. Believe not therefore Citizen Resident, that your menaces avail. You have only opened to us a prospect of the arrival of the moment for which we so much long, that of these little intrigues of which we were to be victims. Citizen Resident we have held to you the language of free men; we have spoken hard truths: if our language offends you, your reiterated provocations will justify us before those, who have an esteem for frankness and firmness. We advise you Citizen Resident that we forward your note and our answer to the Committee of public safety at Paris. &c. &c.\u201d\n   Geneva the 5th: of August 3d year of Genevese Equality. for the Syndics & Council, signed Didier", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0117", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Fran\u00e7ois D\u2019Ivernois, 23 September 1794\nFrom: Ivernois, Fran\u00e7ois d\u2019\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nMonsieur\nLondres ce 23 7bre 1794\nV\u00fb la possibilit\u00e9, que soit les affaires publiques soit vos affaires particulieres vous conduisent \u00e0 Philadelphie \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque o\u00f9 arrivera en Virginie ma D\u00e9peche No. 3, Je vous y en adresse le Duplicata. Je n\u2019ai point le tems d\u2019y joindre celui de la continuation de l\u2019expos\u00e9 historique de la R\u00e9volution de Geneve, mais MM. Adams ou Gallatin, aux quels je l\u2019adresse aujourdhui, seront \u00e0 meme de vous la communiquer si vous le d\u00e9sirez.\nJe prens la libert\u00e9 Monsieur, de vous pr\u00e9senter ici un l\u00e9ger apper\u00e7u bien incorrect sans doute de la premiere id\u00e9e que je me fais de la masse des Instituteurs qui pourraient suffir dabord pour notre Universit\u00e9 et pour ses \u00e9coles. Je ne doute pas que nos Professeurs de Geneve ne puissent proposer sur cette premiere esquisse des changemens convenables, et je doute bien moins encore Monsieur, que votre Province et vos lumieres personelles n\u2019entrevoyent aisement ce qu\u2019on pourrait en supprimer et ce qu\u2019on devrait y ajouter: Aussi je vous r\u00e9p\u00e9te en vous la soumettant, que je ne la hazarde que comme un apper\u00e7u extremement vague et imparfait.\nJe suppose donc qu\u2019on pourrait diviser l\u2019Universit\u00e9 en 5 colleges, et qu\u2019on entrerait comme chez nous dans l\u2019un des trois derniers apres avoir pass\u00e9 successivement par les deux premiers.\n1r. College de belles lettres\nUn Professeur en langues et belles lettres Grecques et latines.\nUn Prof. en langue & belles lettres francaises.\nUn Prof. en langue & belles lettres anglaises.\nUn Prof. en G\u00e9ographie et en histoire.\nJe pr\u00e9sume qu\u2019il serait convenable de joindre \u00e0 ce College pr\u00e9liminaire, quelques tuteurs qui y seraient entretenus, mais qui re\u00e7evraient exclusivement leurs salaires des jeunes \u00e9tudians aux quels ils seraient attach\u00e9s.\n2d. College de philosophie\nUn Prof. en Mathematiques et en Astronomie.\nUn Prof. en philosophie naturelle.\nUn Prof. en philosophie rationelle.\nN.B. Ce second College exigerait peut etre encore quelques Tuteurs.\ncollege de droit\n  un Prof. en loi commune un Prof. en droit civil, en droit naturel et en droit des Nations\nCollege de Th\u00e9ologie\n2 Professeurs\nCollege de Medecine\nUn Prof. en M\u00e9\nUn Prof. en Anatomie\nun Prof. en Botanique, et en Chimie\nTous ces Colleges et toute l\u2019Universit\u00e9 seraient sous l\u2019inspection et sous le controle d\u2019un Pr\u00e9sident soit Vice Chancellier.\nEcoles\nIl me semble qu\u2019on pourrait les diviser en deux esp\u00e8ces, mais absolument s\u00e9par\u00e9es l\u2019une de l\u2019autre ainsi que de l\u2019Universit\u00e9.\n1re. Ecole pr\u00e9paratoire au Coll\u00e8ge de belles lettres de l\u2019Universit\u00e9, et o\u00f9 l\u2019on enseignerait les langues mortes. On pourrait la diviser en trois classes dirig\u00e9es par trois R\u00e9gens et par trois sous Ma\u00eetres. Ces derniers pay\u00e9s par les \u00e9coliers eux memes.\n2de. Ecole soit Ecole g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, o\u00f9 l\u2019on n\u2019enseignerait point les \u00e9l\u00e9mens des langues mortes, et qu\u2019on pourrait diviser \u00e9galement en trois Classes dirig\u00e9es par trois R\u00e9gens et par trois sous Maitres. Mais pour rendre cette \u00e9cole cy la plus gratuite possible, peut etre conviendrait-il que meme les sous Maitres en fussent salari\u00e9s par l\u2019Universit\u00e9.\nDeux Maitres l\u2019un d\u2019\u00e9criture, l\u2019autre d\u2019histoire et de G\u00e9ographie, salari\u00e9s par l\u2019Universit\u00e9, pourraient etre \u00e9galement attach\u00e9s \u00e0 ces deux \u00e9coles.\nCes deux \u00e9coles seraient sous l\u2019inspection et le controle d\u2019un Pr\u00e9sident qui pourrait peut etre faire en meme tems, du moins dans l\u2019origine, les fonctions de biblioth\u00e9caire.\nDans un pareil plan, les maitres d\u2019\u00e9quitation, de dessein, d\u2019armes, de langues vivantes, de musique, de danse, & & seraient pay\u00e9s exclusivement par les \u00e9coliers, ou ne re\u00e7evraient de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 qu\u2019un salaire infiniment modique, mais suffisant pour les soumettre \u00e0 son inspection annuelle et \u00e0 son controle.\nJe ne desespere point Monsieur, que le revenu que je sollicite ne put suffire \u00e0 un \u00e9tablissement aussi vaste et aussi complet. A l\u2019exception des Chaires en Loi commune et en belles lettres anglaises, j\u2019ose me flatter que Geneve pourrait vous pr\u00e9senter pour toutes les autres des sujets dignes de votre adoption, et qu\u2019\u00e0 leur arriv\u00e9e en Am\u00e9rique, ils seront vivement anim\u00e9s par le desir d\u2019\u00e9galer un jour la r\u00e9putation de vos Professeurs of William & Mary, et de fraternizer et rivaliser avec eux en \u00e9mulation et en services. J\u2019ai l\u2019honneur d\u2019etre avec respect Monsieur Votre tres humble & tres ob\u00e9issant serviteur\nF d\u2019Ivernois", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0118", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Dabney Carr, 24 September 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Carr, Dabney\nDear Dabney\nMonticello Sep. 24. 1794.\nAs I think the learning French essential to the study of the law, I cannot help being anxious that you should do it, and that without loss of time, as for want of understanding it you must read every day is a disadvantage. I think if you could come and stay here one month, applying yourself solely and constantly to that object, you would acquire it sufficiently to pursue it afterwards by yourself: and I wish it could be instantly, because tho myself and both my daughters can assist you in the learning it, yet it is my daughter Randolph who possesses the pronunciation the best, and who would most effectually aid you. She goes down the country in a few weeks, to stay the winter, which is the circumstance most urgent for your coming immediately. Another is that you will find here your mother, and Polly who are now here, and Mrs. Cary whom we expect every day.\nI am in treaty for the sale of a considerable part of my law-books, and will therefore be obliged to you to embrace any safe opportunity which may occur of returning to me such of my books in your possession as you are done with. I am Dear Dabney, with my most respectful compliments to Mrs. Carr your grandmother. Your\u2019s affectionately\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0119", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Garrett Minor, 24 September 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Minor, Garrett\nDear Sir\nMonticello Sep. 24. 1794.\nI received a few days ago your friendly letter of the 8th. inst. as I had before recieved by my sister Carr the kind offer of three bushels of the May wheat. I am anxious to begin the culture of this wheat, and meant to avail myself of your offer. I had proposed ere this to have visited my antient tutor and friend Mr. Douglas: but I have been attacked by a rheumatism, which has confined me three weeks, and is as yet but a little abated in it\u2019s rigor. I therefore think it better to send the bearer for the wheat, as the season is wearing away. I reserve for it part of a good fallowed feild.\u2014You are so near Mr. Douglas that I will trouble you with my affectionate respects to him, with an assurance that there is nothing I desire more than to see him once again, and that I will certainly do it if my health is restored in time before the roads become too bad. I will further trouble you with the inclosed letter to my nephew Dabney Carr, and with many thanks for the wheat I take the liberty of now sending for, I remain Dear Sir Your friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0120", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Divers, 28 September 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Divers, Thomas\nSir\nMonticello Sep. 28. 94.\nI was informed a few days ago that under the law of Congress our carriages were to be enlisted with a Mr. Rhodes. Being confined myself, I sent the tax-money for my Phaeton two or three different times by Mr. Randolph to Charlottesville on public days, but he could not meet with Mr. Rhodes or any body acting for him. Taking for granted that he is your deputy and that the entry and payment to you is sufficient I take the liberty of entering my phaeton, the only carriage I have in this county, and of inclosing you a guinea, 26/ the tax I believe being 24/. Should I be mistaken in supposing you the sufficient officer for receiving this, will you have the goodness to settle it with the proper officer for me, as I understand it must be done this month, and I have no prospect of being able to get on a horse my self for a month to come. I am with great regard Sir Your most obedt. humble servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0121", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Franklin Bache, 29 September 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Bache, Benjamin Franklin\nDear Sir\nMonticello Sep. 29. 1794.\nIn a letter from Crosby, office keeper for the Secretary of state, he informs me you expressed some anxiety to receive the gong belonging to Mr. Franklin, the bringing of which here was the subject of a former apology to you. I have the promises of three several persons who went to China in different vessels in 1793. that they would bring me one each, and I presume I may count on their return the next summer. In the mean time Mr. Franklin\u2019s is used here as the bell for a chateau clock which I have. I take the liberty of assuring you it is in perfect safety, that whether I recieve one or not, the next summer, it shall be then most sacredly returned, and that in case of any accident to my self, I have given notice to my family that it is the property of Mr. Franklin and is to be safely returned. Still should you require it\u2019s immediate return, I will on receiving notice send it instantly to Richmond from whence there is a conveyance to Philadelphia every week. Retaining always the  same sentiments of esteem & respect, I am Dear Sir Your most obedt. & most humble servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0122", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Brown, 1 October 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Brown, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello Oct. 1. 1794.\nI now inclose you a draught on Mr. Lownes of Philadelphia for 108.58 D. to replace what you had paid for me to Mr. Moncrieff: and I have taken the liberty of desiring Messrs. Nicklin & Co. of Philadelphia to address to you for me a pipe and a quarter cask of wine, on which they will have paid the duties and all charges till put on board the vessel. The freight from Philadelphia to Richmond I must request you to answer. As soon as I know that this wine is arrived I will engage a couple of waggons to go down for the whole. I am in hopes you will have been so good as to transvase the wine of the injured pipe into a good one. Will you take the trouble of informing me what was the exchange on England on the 19th. of the last month?\nI have examined my notes of money received from Clow & Co. on your account, and find you have omitted 200. Dollars, received Dec. 4. 1792. This added to the balance of your account and of Donald & Burton\u2019s makes a larger amount than I have any means of answering till the tobacco of the present year gets to market, which will not be till next spring. Then it shall be discharged.I shall be obliged to you for the information asked relative to the exchange by the return of the post, as it concerns a case which is urgent. I am with great esteem Dear Sir Your friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0123", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Fran\u00e7ois D\u2019Ivernois, 2 October 1794\nFrom: Ivernois, Fran\u00e7ois d\u2019\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nMonsieur\nLondres le 2. 8bre 1794\nEn vous adressant le Duplicata du No. 4 exp\u00e9di\u00e9 par la voie de Philadelphie; les tristes nouvelles re\u00e7ues de Geneve depuis cette epoque m\u2019engagent \u00e0 venir redoubler aupres de vous mes sollicitations en faveur du peuple le plus Malheureux qui existe. Le Tribunal r\u00e9volutionaire y a prononce de nouveaux emprisonnements ou banissements contre 4. \u00e0 500 Citoyens, et pour se saisir des biens des absents, il en a encore condamn\u00e9 plusieurs \u00e0 mort par contumace. Et vous devez comprendre que je suis loin d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9tonne de voir mon nom \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ces derniers. Il est vrai que je ne suis pas sans espoir d\u2019avoir reussi, ainsi que plusieurs de mes compatriotes, \u00e0 sauver la meilleure partie des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s qui pouvoient me rester encore dans Geneve; Mais au surplus la perte des biens de la fortune, seroit le moindre des maux dans ce monde revolutionnaire, depuis que la qualit\u00e9 de propri\u00e9taire, y est devenue le premier des crimes. Le croiriez-vous Monsieur, les fran\u00e7ois eux m\u00eames, les auteurs de toutes nos convulsions spoliatrices, affectent Aujourdhui d\u2019en avoir piti\u00e9, et de blamer les exc\u00e8s de leurs imitateurs, auxquels ils ont ecrit pour les inviter \u00e0 y mettre un terme? Ce dernier trait me paroit achever le tableau des Malheurs des Genevois.\nVeuillez Monsr., je vous en conjure de nouveau venir \u00e0 leur Secours, et leur preparer une 2de. patrie; Les nouveaux colons que je place sous v\u00f4tre protection sp\u00e9ciale, ne sont point des aventuriers, qui vont chercher au loin, une r\u00e9putation, et une fortune perdues chez eux par leur faute. J\u2019offre \u00e0 la Virginie l\u2019\u00e9lite d\u2019une petitte peuplade R\u00e9publicaine, frapp\u00e9e par le tonnere de la r\u00e9volution fran\u00e7oise; d\u2019une peuplade, que les Philosophes avoient compar\u00e9e depuis longtems, \u00e0 la ruche d\u2019Abeilles, et qui en ce moment encore fixoit leurs regards par sa prodigieuse \u00e9mulation, par l\u2019\u0153conomie laborieuse a la quelle tous ses individus opulents avoient d\u00fb leurs succes, et par l\u2019extreme frugalit\u00e9 avec la quelle ils en jouissoient.\nJ\u2019apprens qu\u2019une 3e. petite bande de Genevois, vient de suivre \u00e0 Hambourg ceux qui \u00e9toient alles s\u2019embarquer pour L\u2019Am. Sept. Et je g\u00e9mis de l\u2019inconvenance que je trouve, \u00e0 leur communiquer en Europe, mon projet, avant qu\u2019il ait atteint sa maturit\u00e9 en Am\u00e9rique, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire avant d\u2019apprendre qu\u2019elle ait acceuilli mes propositions. Si cependant vous aviez Monsr. cette heureuse nouvelle \u00e0 me faire passer, je vous prierais de la communiquer en m\u00eame temps, \u00e0 Mr. Duby jeune Ministre, qui doit s\u2019\u00eatre embarqu\u00e9 pour Philadelphie, et dont Mr. Gallatin pourra vous indiquer la r\u00e9sidence: Il est ainsi que Monsr. Salomon, son compagnon de Voyage, digne de toute votre confiance.\nJe m\u2019occupe toujours sans relache, \u00e0 m\u00e9diter, et \u00e0 pr\u00e9parer tout ce qui sera n\u00e9cessaire pour donner le branle, \u00e0 cet etablissement, d\u00e8s qu\u2019il aura \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 par la Virginie. Malgr\u00e9 la crainte de vous paroitre ridicule, en m\u2019occupant des ornements de l\u2019edifice avant d\u2019en avoir jette les fondements; je vous dirai Monsr. qu\u2019en pensant \u00e0 la Nouv. Geneve il m\u2019est venu l\u2019id\u00e9e, d\u2019adopter pour ses batisses l\u2019architecture rurale et simple des Toscans Modernes, \u00e0 qui le climat assez semblable \u00e0 celui de la Virginie, a fait adopter les portiques et les colonnades, qui environnent leurs petits domiciles, et qui en ajoutant aux agr\u00e9ments des formes, les mettent \u00e0 l\u2019abri de l\u2019ardeur du soleil, et des injures de la pluie dont vous observez dans votre ouvrage, que la Virginie a une plus grande proportion que l\u2019Europe. Tout ce qui pourroit r\u00e9unir, \u00e0 l\u2019utilit\u00e9 r\u00e9elle les graces de l\u2019Architecture, me sembleroit ne devoir point \u00eatre neglig\u00e9, dans une cit\u00e9 Acad\u00e9mique. Et si vous en pensiez comme moi, je n\u2019hesiterois point \u00e0 appeller, chacun de nos colons, \u00e0 quelque leger[e d\u00e9]pense de plus, pour batir toutes leurs maisons, sur des plans r\u00e9guliers, et fix\u00e9s d\u2019avance. J\u2019ai pens\u00e9 que pour la le. ann\u00e9e, ils pourroient se contenter de batir soit en pierres, soit en bois, des Maisons simples, et \u00e0 un \u00e9tage d\u2019environ 50 pieds de face sur 15 de profondeur, et 22 d\u2019\u00e9levation, sous l\u2019engagement de les doubler l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante [sur le] devant de la rue en y ajoutant, pour l\u2019usage du public, un portique ouvert de 15 pieds de largeur, form\u00e9 par des Colonnes en bois, ou en briques, qui soutiendroient la face du premier \u00e9tage, la quelle serait aussi en briques. Vous comprenez Monsr. que je ne jette en avant cette 1re. id\u00e9e, que parcequ\u2019il m\u2019importeroit de savoir \u00e0 peu pres, ce que couteroient en Virginie, cette 1re. et cette 2de. construction.\nJ\u2019aurois bien d\u00e9sir\u00e9 Monsr. d\u2019avoir pu, parmi nos Professeurs vous en offrir un d\u2019Architecture, vers la quelle je pr\u00e9sume bien que les Am\u00e9ricains vont tourner leurs regards, de plus, en plus: Mais je suis forc\u00e9 d\u2019avouer, que les Genevois avoient trop n\u00e9glig\u00e9 cet art non moins utile, qu\u2019agreable: et que nos plus beaux monuments sont d\u00fbs \u00e0 des Architectes \u00e9trangers, dont nous d\u00e9pendions encore, quoiqu\u2019il comen\u00e7at a se former chez nous quelques amateurs assez distingu\u00e9s. Ce seroit l\u00e0 un motif de plus pour s\u2019en occuper d\u2019avance, si jamais il doit \u00eatre question de former une nouvelle Geneve.\nJ\u2019entrevois de plus en plus Monsr. que cette Nouv. Geneve pourroit bien n\u2019\u00eatre en Amerique, que le pr\u00e9curseur de beaucoup d\u2019\u00e9tablissements d\u00fbs \u00e0 la m\u00eame cause. L\u2019Incendie R\u00e9volutionnaire de ce continent gagne et s\u2019accroit avec une prodigieuse rapidit\u00e9: sans pr\u00e9tendre rien pr\u00e9juger ici des fruits que pourront en receuillir les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures; toujours me paroit-il certain que la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration pr\u00e9sente, est condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 des calamites aussi longues, qu\u2019incalculables, et que les d\u00e9bordements  de ce Volcan, pousseront plus t\u00f4t, ou plus tard, une foule d\u2019individus vers l\u2019Am\u00e9rique. La Lutte qui s\u2019est \u00e9lev\u00e9e en Europe, entre les fran\u00e7ais, et les puissances Coalis\u00e9es est \u00e0 mes yeux plus loin que jamais d\u2019\u00eatre termin\u00e9e, et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque o\u00f9 elle le sera, tous les Rois de l\u2019Europe, se trouveront in\u00e9vitablement pour leurs finances, dans le m\u00eame \u00e9puisement, et dans le m\u00eame embarras, qui ont precipit\u00e9 la catastrophe de la Monarchie fran\u00e7aise. Nouvelle source de r\u00e9volutions pour tous les peuples, que celle ci n\u2019auroit pas encore atteinte. Heureux ceux qui apres y avoir pass\u00e9, auront le bon esprit d\u2019imiter les Am\u00e9ricains, et de sentir qu\u2019une 1re. revolution termin\u00e9e a propos peut \u00e9tablir la libert\u00e9; Mais qu\u2019 alors toutes r\u00e9volutions successives la d\u00e9truisent d\u2019autant plus irresistiblement, qu\u2019elle en inspirent bient\u00f4t le d\u00e9gout, et quelquefois m\u00eame la Haine. Il n\u2019est deja plus possible en ce moment, de calculer l\u2019influence que va avoir sur le Nord de L\u2019Europe, la r\u00e9volution de Pologne, puisqu\u2019il est tres certain, que le Roi de Prusse en voulant y \u00e9touffer \u00e0 main arm\u00e9e l\u2019esprit de libert\u00e9, lui a donn\u00e9 un ressort, qui s\u2019\u00e9tend deja jusques sur ses propres \u00e9tats, et qui l\u2019a forc\u00e9 pour y accourir, \u00e0 lever le siege de Varsovie. Je dois aux Anglois, de toutes les classes, et de tous les partis, la justice de dire que malgr\u00e9 le grand inter\u00eat qu\u2019ils mettent \u00e0 la coalition du R. de Prusse ils ont fait, et font encore hautement des voeux pour les succes des Polonais: Quelle cause en effet, fut plus digne d\u2019interet que celle ci? Et Combien cet interet redoublera s\u2019ils continuent \u00e0 \u00e9viter les exc\u00e8s de tout genre qui ont deshonor\u00e9 le brillant d\u00e9vouement avec le quel les fran\u00e7ais ont repouss\u00e9 les arm\u00e9es \u00e9trangeres.\nOu je suis fort tromp\u00e9, ou de toutes les contr\u00e9es de L\u2019Europe, la Gde. Bretagne sera la derniere, qu\u2019atteindront les desorganisations r\u00e9volutionnaires. Plus je vois l\u2019Angleterre, et plus il me paroit aver\u00e9 ainsi qu\u2019a Mr. Cooper, que la grande pluralit\u00e9 de la Nation, veut conserver sa constitution telle qu\u2019elle est; et que la pluspart de ceux qui y d\u00e9siroient des reformes partielles sentent qu\u2019on ne pourroit point toucher aujourdhui, \u00e0 la distribution int\u00e9rieure de l\u2019\u00e9difice, sans risquer de porter la sappe \u00e0 ses fondements m\u00eames. Les proprietaires y sont nombreux, puissants, unis, arm\u00e9s, et suffisamment instruits des dangers qu\u2019auroit pour eux l\u2019introduction de la doctrine, de l\u2019egalit\u00e9 des droits, sur la fortune des riches. Enfin la classe m\u00eame qui avoit fait des voeux, pour les progr\u00e8s de cette doctrine avant d\u2019en connoitre les dernieres cons\u00e9quences, commence r\u00e9ellement \u00e0 la redouter, en voyant ces cons\u00e9quences se d\u00e9velopper, dans toute leur \u00e9tendue, et se prolonger \u00e0 l\u2019infini. Mais surtout en jettant les yeux sur le sort de la plus part de ceux qui l\u2019ont faite triompher en france, et sur la longue s\u00e9rie de crimes, que se reprochent Mutuellement ceux d\u2019entr\u2019eux qui y ont survecu, et qui y dominent. Aussi le gouvernement de ce pays cy a-t\u2019il toute la force  n\u00e9cessaire pour \u00e9touffer un premier germe d\u2019insurrection, ainsi que pour la supprimer si elle venoit \u00e0 \u00e9clater. Cependant quoique la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 y soit encore \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour, et que le Commerce, soit exterieur, soit int\u00e9rieur, y paroisse presqu\u2019aussi actif qu\u2019avant la guerre; je ne m\u2019aviserois point de calculer les \u00e9v\u00e8nements, et les embarras que pourra dans la suite susciter cette guerre, qu\u2019on paroit tres det\u00e9rmin\u00e9 \u00e0 prolonger, et qui ne laisse gueres entrevoir pour l\u2019avenir que de Nouveaux desastres, et de Nouvelles taxes.\nLes autres puissances de L\u2019Europe, plus allarm\u00e9es encore sur un avenir qui leur paroit plus prochain, et plus mena\u00e7ant pour elles, entreprennent dej\u00e0 de grandes \u0153conomies, qui portent principalement sur le luxe des cours. Les gouvernements suisses qui n\u2019ont point de pareilles pr\u00e9cautions \u00e0 adopter; louvoyent avec adresse, se refusent toujours plus opiniatrement \u00e0 prendre aucune part active dans cette guerre; qui soit qu\u2019ils combatissent, pour ou contre la france, les exposeroit in\u00e9vitablement, \u00e0 des convulsions semblables aux siennes. Ils se bornent \u00e0 redoubler de paternit\u00e9, envers leurs peuples, aupres desquels les principes r\u00e9volutionnaires qui dans l\u2019origine avoient fait quelque progres, font \u00e9videmment aujourdhui des pas retrogrades, surtout depuis l\u2019exp\u00e9rience des affreux Malheurs, que leur introduction a accumul\u00e9s sur les Genevois.\nDe toutes parts, dans cet \u00e9tat universel d\u2019allarmes, et a l\u2019approche de tant de crises, les Europ\u00e9ens timides, ou pr\u00e9voyants, les vrais amis de la paix, et de la libert\u00e9 sage, fixent leurs regards d\u2019adoption, et leur espoir de refuge sur l\u2019amerique libre. Et si elle persiste, et reussit \u00e0 ne point jouer un r\u00f4le sur la sc\u00e8ne de ce drame r\u00e9volutionnaire, et guerrier, tout annonce qu\u2019elle seule profitera des fautes de L\u2019Europe, et que la providence l\u2019apelle \u00e0 servir de port \u00e0 toutes les classes, que la pers\u00e9cution en chassera.\nIl est vrai qu\u2019on commence dej\u00e0 \u00e0 enlever ce dernier espoir aux Europ\u00e9ens opprim\u00e9s, ou allarm\u00e9s, en leur annon\u00e7ant, que L\u2019Horizon politique, des Etats Unis, s\u2019obscurcit, qu\u2019il se charge m\u00eame de Matieres inflammables, et qu\u2019entr\u2019autres, un parti dej\u00e0 nombreux, cherche \u00e0 entrainer son gouvernement vers la guerre avec L\u2019Angleterre. S\u2019il en \u00e9toit ainsi, il y auroit cette grande diff\u00e9rence entre les deux pa\u00efs; C\u2019est que le gouvernement d\u2019Am\u00e9rique, redouteroit une guerre, que le peuple y desireroit, tandisque quoique les Am\u00e9ricains accusent le Gouvernement Anglais de n\u2019avoir pas craint de la provoquer, il n\u2019en est pas moins tres certain, que l\u2019universalit\u00e9 de la Nation, ne la d\u00e9sire point, et la verroit m\u00eame avec une peine sensible. J\u2019observe avec plaisir que les Horribles \u00e9carts de la revolution fran\u00e7aise ont fait peu \u00e0 peu revenir les Anglois en arriere sur celle d\u2019Am\u00e9rique, et changent deja en applaudissements, les  pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s inv\u00e9t\u00e9r\u00e9s, qu\u2019ils conservoient encore il y a peu d\u2019ann\u00e9es contre cette derniere. En un mot, je suis bien tromp\u00e9 si la Masse des Anglois, n\u2019a pas repris pour les Am\u00e9ricains, presque tous ses anciens sentiments fraternels, ce qui ne m\u2019empecheroit cependant pas de craindre que s\u2019ils envisageoient jamais leur gouvernement comme irresistiblement pouss\u00e9, \u00e0 une 2de. guerre, celle ci ne reprit tres promptement, et \u00e0 bien des \u00e9gards, le Caractere d\u2019une guerre civile, et mutuellement tres destructive.\nVoila Monsr. que sans y penser, je me suis prodigieusement \u00e9cart\u00e9 de l\u2019objet qui m\u2019avoit mis la plume \u00e0 la main. Peut-\u00eatre aussi cette petite digression politique y a-t-elle des rapports tres intimes, puisque si j\u2019envisage comme mon lr. devoir de chercher un port \u00e0 mes compatriotes battus par la temp\u00eate des r\u00e9volutions; le 2d. doit \u00eatre de leur trouver une rade, ou ils soient parfaitement hors de l\u2019atteinte des vents, qui ont entr\u2019ouvert leur petit vaisseau. Helas il n\u2019y a pas plus de deux ans que nous nous croions \u00e0 l\u2019abri de tout orage! Et ce qui nous a jett\u00e9 en pleine mer, est pr\u00e9cisemment, ce qui sembloit devoir nous fixer \u00e0 l\u2019ancre. J\u2019entends par la l\u2019extreme conformit\u00e9 de n\u00f4tre constitution d\u00e9mocratique, avec celle que venoient d\u2019\u00e9tablir les fran\u00e7ois.\nAu surplus, je me repose avec confiance pour la paix, et le bonheur de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique, sur l\u2019esprit sage, et \u00e9clair\u00e9 de ses habitants, et sur l\u2019immense int\u00e9ret de ses propri\u00e9taires, qui heureusement y sont aux non propri\u00e9taires, dans l\u2019inverse de la proportion qu\u2019offre l\u2019Europe. Je compte sur L\u2019Heureuse dispersion de ses \u00e9tablissements agricoles, qui n\u2019offrent point comme dans le vieux monde des Hommes refoul\u00e9s les uns sur les autres, et des passions toujours pretes \u00e0 s\u2019allumer par le frottement journailler, de l\u2019opulence, et de la Mis\u00e8re. Mais je compte surtout sur les sages Architectes, du bel \u00e9difice, qui s\u2019y est \u00e9lev\u00e9, et qu\u2019ils ne laisseront sans doute point \u00e9branler. En un mot malgr\u00e9 les pronostics de convulsions prochaines dont on commence \u00e0 menacer ici les Am\u00e9ricains, je ne pourrai jamais y croire, que lorsqu\u2019elles auront \u00e9clat\u00e9, et jusques \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, je ne me relacherai, sur aucun des travaux dont je m\u2019occupe ici; et pour le succ\u00e8s d\u00e9finitif des quels mes esp\u00e9rances se concentrent toujours presqu\u2019 Exclusivement Monsr. sur votre protection speciale. J\u2019ai L\u2019Honneur d\u2019\u00eatre avec Respect Monsieur Votre tres humble & tres ob\u00e9issant serviteur\nF d\u2019Ivernois\nP.S Si la r\u00e9ponse que j\u2019attendrai de vous Monsieur avec tant d\u2019impatience, me donnoit des assurances de succ\u00e8s asses positives, pour que les Genevois n\u2019hesitassent point \u00e0 former immediatement leur compagnie d\u2019Actionnaires, \u00e0 en nommer les agents, et \u00e0 les exp\u00e9dier en Am\u00e9rique; il m\u2019importeroit de savoir en m\u00eame temps si quelque vaisseau de l\u2019un  des ports de la Virginie, seroit pret \u00e0 mettre \u00e0 la voile pour la Hollande, \u00e0 peu pres \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9poque que partirait v\u00f4tre r\u00e9ponse; qu\u2019elle seroit l\u2019\u00e9poque probable de son retour, et s\u2019il pourrait se charger d\u2019un nombre assez consid\u00e9rable de passagers; car il me paroitroit convenable que la Compagnie des actionnaires engageat, et fit partir en m\u00eame temps que ses agents, une Masse d\u2019ouvriers propres \u00e0 la construction de la Nouvelle ville: tels que Massons charpentiers, Mar\u00e9chaux menuisiers serruriers charrons &ca. et m\u00eame quelques uns de nos meilleurs jardiniers pour pr\u00e9parer des jardins, et planter les l\u00e9gumes d\u2019automne, dont les suisses font une grande Consommation: Vous comprendrez sans doute Monsr. que quoique j\u2019aye en contemplation une mesure provisionelle de cette importance; Elle ne pourroit \u00eatre adopt\u00e9e, qu\u2019autant que vous seriez \u00e0 m\u00eame de me donner sur le succ\u00e8s de l\u2019entreprise un degr\u00e9 de probabilit\u00e9, qui ne nous laissat aucun doute, non seulement sur les intentions de la L\u00e9gislature de Virginie; Mais encore sur la promptitude, avec la quelle elles pourront se r\u00e9aliser.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-05-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0126", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 5 October 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nHarewood Ocr. 5. 1794.\nOn my return to Orange I dropped you a few lines on the subject of the deer. On my way into this part of the Country I passed Col. John Thornton of Culpeper, who has a Park, and will spare you with pleasure two or three, if you can not be otherwise supplied. He thinks he could by advertizing a premium of 10 or 12 dollars a head procure from his neighbors as many fawns to be delivered at Monticello as you would want. If you chuse to make use of his assistance, a line to the care of Mr. Fontaine Maury at Fredg. would soon get to hand.\nThis will be handed to you by Mr. Bond who is to build a large House for Mr. Hite my brother in law. On my suggestion He is to visit Monticello not only to profit of examples before his eyes, but to ask the favor of your advice on the plan of the House. Mr. Hite particularly wishes it in what relates to the Bow-room and the Portico, as Mr: B. will explain to you. In general, any hints which may occur to you for improving the plan will be thankfully accepted. I beg pardon for being  the occasion of this trouble to you, but your goodness has always so readily answered such draughts on it, that I have been tempted to make this additional one.\nI write at present from the seat of Mr. G. Washington of Berkeley, where, with a deduction of some visits, I have remained since the 15th. Ult: the epoch at which I had the happiness to accomplish the alliance which I intimated to you I had been sometime soliciting. We propose to set out in 8 or 10 days for Philada. where I shall always receive your commands with pleasure, and shall continue to drop you a line as occasions turn up. In the mean time I remain yrs. mo: affecy\nJs. Madison Jr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0127", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to John Barnes, 9 October 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Barnes, John\nSir\nMonticello Oct. 9. 1794.\nMy constant occupations while in Philadelphia prevented my renewing an acquaintance with you, which I recollect with pleasure to have had many years ago. I can now do it only by letter. Having occasion for about 20. \u2114. of good tea annually, I think it best to rely for the choice of it on the good faith of some dealer in that article, both as to quality and price, and on no one do I rely more willingly than on yourself. I usually send to Philadelphia for my groceries once a quarter, and will on those occasions ask of you a quarter\u2019s supply of tea. At present I will beg the favor of you to pack for me in a cannister 5. \u2114. of good tea. Young hyson we prefer both for flavor and strength, but if you have none good, let it be hyson of the antient kind. If, immediately on the receipt of this you will deliver it to Mr. Mussi, corner of 7th. and Market streets, he will  pay your bill, and pack the tea with some other articles he will be sending me. Not doubting to recieve from you what will be good in quality and reasonable in price, I am with esteem Sir your most obedt. humble servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0128", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Carter Waller, 9 October 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Waller, Benjamin Carter\nSir\nMonticello Oct. 9. 1794.\nI recieved in due time your favor of Aug. 2. and proposed to have had the pleasure of meeting you in Richmond on the 20th. inst. according to your appointment. But about the beginning of September, I was attacked by a violent rheumatism, which after keeping me so long in constant agony, leaves me no prospect of release from my confinement within any given term of time. And were it now to leave me, I should not be able to undertake a journey by the time appointed. This however is of no consequence to the settlement of Mr. Welch\u2019s and Mr. Wayles\u2019s matter as Mr. Eppes is the acting executor, and the only one who has any knowlege of Mr. Wayles\u2019s affairs, my continual absence having withdrawn me from them at a very early period. I therefore wrote to him in time for him to meet you, and notified to him, as I do now to you, my acquiescence in whatever he shall agree with you.My anxiety for a friendly and reasonable arrangement induces me to express my extreme wish to you, that instead of meeting Mr. Eppes at Richmond, you could call on him two or three days before the 20th. at his own house. I have always seen business done more easily and more amicably, where the parties have met in a friendly way and at a private house where they would have the leisure and the dispositions to explain and approximate their opinions, than in a public place, confined to a particular hour, and pressed and interrupted by other business. I am sure you will find in Mr. Eppes the most just dispositions, and I have no doubt of your own, and it is to give fair play to these mutual dispositions, that I make to you this proposition, having informed Mr. Eppes that I would  do so, and therefore prepared him to expect you. I am with great esteem Sir Your most obedt. servt.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-27-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0130", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Mann Randolph, 27 October 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Randolph, Thomas Mann\nTh J. to mr Randolph\nMonticello Oct. 27. 94.\nThe children are in high health and spirits. They have learnt to say \u2018Mama is gone.\u2019 Jefferson adds \u2018to Ichom\u2019 (Richmond). We had a most copious rain on Saturday and Sunday, and learn with concern that you passed those days at Mrs. Payne\u2019s.\nIt is important to me to know what was the exchange between Richmond and Liverpool on the 19th. of last month, for ordinary bills. (You know that bills of an extraordinary degree of credit command a higher price than ordinary ones, which is not what I want, but the value of bills of as good credit as the common run.) I wrote to James Brown to inform me, on the 1st. of this month: but his business has probably prevented an answer. In the mean time I am suffering for want of the information. Will you be so good as to ask of Mr. Brown what it was? He can answer it by only opening his book of bills.\u2014Have you ever ascertained the price of wheat at Richmond before the arrival of the news of the embargo? My love to my dear Martha. We are anxious to know how Eleonor bore her journey. Adieu. Your\u2019s affectionately", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0131", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 30 October 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nTh: J. to J.M.\nMonticello Oct. 30. 94.\nIn the moment of the departure of the post it occurs to me that you can, by the return of it, note to me the amount of Mazzei\u2019s claim against Dohrman, for the information of the Van Staphorsts. I will put off my answer to them for that purpose.\u2014The day you left me I had a violent attack of the Rheumatism which has confined me ever since. Within these few days I have crept out a little on horseback, but am yet far from being well, or likely to be so soon. I wish much to see the speech, and to know how such an armament against people at their ploughs, will be represented, and an appeal to arms justified before that to the law had been tried and proved ineffectual, by the fact, not by the certified opinion of a magistrate paving the way to an embassy. Adieu. A thousand respects to Mrs. Madison and joys perpetual to both.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0133", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Archibald Stuart, 30 October 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Stuart, Archibald\nDear Sir\nMonticello Oct. 30. 1794.\nI recieved some time ago your favor on the subject of Mr. Dowthwaite, and soon after that he called on me himself. I should have been glad to have served him for the double motive of wishing well to his enterprize, and for the interest you take in his success. But it seemed that he wished me to address the assembly either directly or indirectly on his behalf. This I could not do. A total retirement from all intermeddling with publick affairs and public bodies is my object; besides that such an application to the assembly from me would have been as impertinent as ineffectual.\u2014I have lodged with Colo. Bell two barrels of sweet potatoes for you. I think you told me they did not succeed well on your side the mountain. Hope therefore they may merit acceptance. I have been flattering myself that something might draw you downwards this season, and that I should have the pleasure of seeing you here. I still indulge the expectation, because, if eventually unfounded, it is in the mean while a pleasing one.\u2014I am endeavoring to collect money to purchase two or three score of sheep. Should I succeed I propose to trouble you with the commission. Perhaps you can in the mean time have your eye on those which are for sale, not making any bargain however, as experience has taught me never to trust with certainty to the collection of money.\u2014I congratulate yourself and all good republicans, on the complete success of the French this campaign. For, in this, res nostra agitur. My best respects to Mrs. Stewart, and am with sentiments of great esteem Dr. Sir your sincere friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0134", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from George Wythe, 1 November 1794\nFrom: Wythe, George\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nGW TJ salutem mittet\n1 of november 1794\nAn apt begining to a letter containing a prescription.\nPut on sheeps clothing. It will cure rheumatic pains, is comfortable in winter, after one summer not unpleasant in that season, less unpleasant than linen in all seasons, when we perspire freely. Probatum est.\nYou send Kuster for my perusal. I can peruse nothing but court pa  pers. This employment by habit is become delectable. In it I regret only that I cannot participate the elegant entertainment to which Monticello invites. I return the book, supposing you to possess but one copy, lest by detaining it I should deprive you of a pleasure I am forbidden to enjoy; which, with Aesops leave, would be more than brutish.\nSince I cannot taste of your figs at your house, send me some cuttings that I may endeavour to treat you with their fruit, when you come to my house.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-04-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0135", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from William Short, 4 November 1794\nFrom: Short, William\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nMadrid Nov. 4. 1794\nThe object of the present letter is to satisfy a request made to me by Mr. Blake soon after his first arrival in this country and now repeated at the moment of his intended departure\u2014namely that I would give him a letter recommendatory to you. Although you have now retired from public life, and will probably therefore have no occasion of seeing or serving Mr. Blake, and if you had would have no occasion of a letter from me for that purpose, as he is already known to you, yet I feel no difficulty in giving him this kind of certificate of his conduct during his long stay in this country, having been in every respect prudent and proper. As he has lived with Mr. Carmichael during the whole of that time he has been still more in the way of observing it, and he confirms this opinion of Mr. Blake\u2019s conduct, as he will mention in the letters he purposes writing to America on the subject. He will explain also to Government, if he has not already done it, the cause of Mr. Blake\u2019s detention here, so contrary to what I apprehend must have been their expectation. However this forms no part of the object of my letter, which as I have said above is destined merely for Mr. Blake, whom I with pleasure recommend to you, in the case you should have any opportunity of serving him, as he appears to me a young man of perfectly good dispositions, and of the strictest attachment to his adoptive country.\nI shall send by him an edition of Don Quixote which I ask you to accept as a small token of my remembrance. It is the 8vo. edition of the academy and equally complete and correct with the 4to. edition, and more transportable, for which purpose I have chosen it, and send it  unbound. If you have not previously had this edition, though I have some idea you have, I recommend particularly to you the Analysis at the beginning by Dr. Vincente de los Rios.\nMr. Carmichael has been fortunate enough to procure you the letters of Cortez\u2014and will send them to you. It has been a long long time since I have had the pleasure of hearing from you, which is matter of much concern to your friend\nW Short", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-06-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0136", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 6 November 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nTh: J. to J. Madison\nMonticello Nov. 6. 94.\nA merchant neighbor of mine, sets out to-day for Philadelphia for his fall goods, and will return with them by water himself. This furnishes me a favorable opportunity of gleaning and getting the books I left in Philadelphia. But I must ask your friendly aid. Judge Wilson has Mably sur l\u2019histoire de la France 4. v. 12mo. and Houard\u2019s Britton, Fleta, Glanville &c. 4. v. 4to. which he promised to deliver you. Pray press for them in my name.\u2014E.R. has several, partly lent here during my absence, partly in Philadelphia. I write to him by this post to ask his lodging them with you. He will probably need being sent to for them.\u2014After a very long drought which threatened to be fatal to our small grain, we have had two most abundant rains at an interval of a week, both followed by warm weather. The thermometer in the middle of the day from 55. to 69. It has been once only at the freezing point. Smart white frosts in the neighborhood, but none has extended yet to this place.\u2014Fine beef 2d. Corn from the tub 8/, both cash. Wheat 5/ in goods @ 61\u2153 per cent on the Philadelphia price, which brings the wheat down to half a dollar at Philadelphia.\u2014The Sheriffs, who are now going down with their money, declare that there never was so miserable a collection; men, hitherto the most punctual, having been obliged to ask indulgence, from the scarcity of cash. My best respects to Mrs. Madison. Adieu.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0139", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Fran\u00e7ois D\u2019Ivernois, 11 November 1794\nFrom: Ivernois, Fran\u00e7ois d\u2019\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nMonsieur\nLondres ce 11e 9bre 1794.\nJ\u2019ai l\u2019honneur de vous addresser le tableau de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7oise \u00e0 Geneve qu\u2019on m\u2019a fortement invit\u00e9 \u00e0 faire imprimer dans ce payz cy, et o\u00f9 en rectifiant quelques erreurs legeres qui s\u2019\u00e9taient gliss\u00e9es dans la premiere narration Anglaise, j\u2019ai ajout\u00e9 beaucoup de faits que j\u2019ignorais encore lorsque je vous l\u2019adressai. Je vois deja avec un vrai plaisir, que quoique ce petit \u00e9crit n\u2019aborde aucune question de parti, et ne contienne aucune des d\u00e9clamations du jour, il a fait, sur les personnes meme que je d\u00e9sirais surtout persuader, une impression plus profonde que je n\u2019avais os\u00e9 l\u2019attendre, et que quelques Anglais l\u2019ont deja jug\u00e9 digne d\u2019etre traduit. D\u00e8s qu\u2019il le sera, j\u2019aurai l\u2019honneur de vous en envoyer un exemplaire, et si vous pensiez que la r\u00e9impression de cette traduction Anglaise en Am\u00e9rique put y etre de quelqu\u2019utilit\u00e9, j\u2019en serais d\u2019autant plus flatt\u00e9 qu\u2019apres le sentiment d\u2019avoir rempli un devoir aussi sacr\u00e9 que p\u00e9nible, rien ne saurait Monsieur, m\u2019etre aussi pr\u00e9cieux que votre suffrage.\nAu surplus, je jouis deja du doux espoir, que la grande masse des Am\u00e9ricains est trop \u00e9clair\u00e9e sur la libert\u00e9 et trop attach\u00e9e aux devoirs qu\u2019elle impose, pour avoir besoin des avertissemens terribles que pr\u00e9sente notre histoire. La joye que j\u2019ai \u00e9prouv\u00e9e en apprenant que les Am\u00e9ricains ne laissent point fl\u00e9trir les principes d\u2019ordre du nom d\u2019Aristocratie, et qu\u2019ils se sont lev\u00e9s en masse pour le maintien de leurs loix pures, ne pouvait presque etre \u00e9gal\u00e9e que par la vive douleur dont j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 en meme tems p\u00e9n\u00e9tr\u00e9 en apprenant par vos papiers publics, qu\u2019un de mes compatriotes avait eu plus ou moins de part dans les \u00e9garemens  auxquels se sont livr\u00e9s quelques districts de Pensylvanie. Certes, je regrette presque d\u2019avoir c\u00e9d\u00e9 au conseil que me donna Mr. Jay, d\u2019\u00e9crire \u00e0 Mr. Gallatin, et de lui confier mon plan. Puissent mes lettres lui avoir fait faire de s\u00e9rieuses et salutaires r\u00e9flexions! Puissent du moins la ruine de sa premiere patrie, l\u2019assassinat de ses parens, et le desastre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de ses anciens amis, lui pr\u00e9senter avec fruit dans un cadre aussi resserr\u00e9 que Geneve le tableau de tous les crimes aux quels seront in\u00e9vitablement entrain\u00e9s et condamn\u00e9s, tous les peuples qui chercheront la libert\u00e9 et des r\u00e9formes au flambeau de ce qu\u2019on appele aujourdhui du nom de R\u00e9volution!\nJe me h\u00e2te Monsieur, de reprendre l\u2019objet si int\u00e9ressant \u00e0 mon coeur, et que j\u2019ai eu le bonheur de pouvoir placer sous vos auspices, celui de Geneve Am\u00e9ricaine. Je m\u2019empresse de vous informer que j\u2019ai enfin re\u00e7u de suisse les r\u00e9ponses les plus satisfaisantes \u00e0 la communication que j\u2019y avais donn\u00e9e de toute ma correspondance avec l\u2019am\u00e9rique. Quoiqu\u2019il n\u2019y ait encore que trois personnes qui soyent dans le secret, savoir Mr. le Prof. Pictet, son frere, et Mr. le Prof. Prevost, ils s\u2019accordent tous trois \u00e0 penser que si les Am\u00e9ricains adherent \u00e0 mes propositions et prot\u00e9gent cette noble entreprise avec activit\u00e9 et surtout avec promptitude, elle pourra acqu\u00e9rir une consistence plus brillante encore que je n\u2019avais os\u00e9 l\u2019esp\u00e9rer. Mon correspondant ajoute meme, Qu\u2019il ne doute point que Si la concession fondamentale s\u2019obtient, on n\u2019ait bientot les actionaires; et qu\u2019on n\u2019ait finalement peut etre plus d\u2019embarras \u00e0 repousser certaines personnes qui ne Conviendraient pas, qu\u2019\u00e0 attirer toutes celles qui conviendront. Il me donne en meme tems par aper\u00e7u la liste de celles sur les quelles il croit qu\u2019on pourra compter pour les trois \u00e9tablissemens Acad\u00e9mique, Agricole, et commer\u00e7ant; et j\u2019y ai retrouv\u00e9 avec une bien grande satisfaction toute l\u2019\u00e9lite de notre petite R\u00e9publique. Mais ma satisfaction a redoubl\u00e9 en trouvant dans cette liste le nom du celebre Mr. de Saussure, qui pour se livrer exclusivement \u00e0 l\u2019achevement de ses beaux ouvrages, avait renonc\u00e9 depuis quelques ann\u00e9es \u00e0 la chaire de philosophie en faveur de Mr. Pictet son digne Successeur. J\u2019avoue que je le croyais indissolublement li\u00e9 au malheureux sol de Geneve par la nature de ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s toutes foncieres et meme par le voisinage des alpes. J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 bien agr\u00e9ablement d\u00e9tromp\u00e9 en apprenant que nous pouvions compter sur lui et sur son fils, que le pere destinait \u00e0 lui succ\u00e9der un jour, et qui est deja un homme distingu\u00e9 dans la carriere de l\u2019histoire naturelle o\u00f9 il a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit par un si grand ma\u00eetre; et vous pouvez juger aussi bien que moi Monsieur, du lustre que donnerait Mr. de Saussure \u00e0 la nouvelle Geneve Acad\u00e9mique. Je retrouve \u00e9galement dans cette liste les noms de trois ou quatre de nos M\u00e9decins qui ont fait des  \u00e9tudes tres distingu\u00e9es \u00e0 Edimbourg, et qui seraient capables de remplir, meme avec \u00e9clat, les chaires d\u2019anatomie et de M\u00e9decine th\u00e9orique et pratique. Quant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement agricole et commercant, je me borne \u00e0 vous dire Monsieur, que d\u2019apres ce qu\u2019on me mande, je ne doute plus que les cent Actions de \u00a31000 Stg. chacune ne puissent se remplir, et se partager entre un \u00e9gal nombre de familles ou environ. Or cette somme et ce nombre me paraissent \u00e9galement Suffisans pour le noyeau d\u2019une colonie ou le choix des membres me semble encore plus essentiel que leur multiplicit\u00e9.\nCes assurances qu\u2019on me fait passer sur le concours des Genevois \u00e0 la colonisation Am\u00e9ricaine sont fond\u00e9es.\n1\u00b0. Sur le nouveau D\u00e9cret que j\u2019ai l\u2019honneur de vous adresser en original. Ce dernier acte du brigandage R\u00e9volutionnaire vous fera Suffisamment comprendre Monsieur, que ceux des propri\u00e9taires Genevois qui auraient pu etre tent\u00e9s de rester sous le joug pour sauver leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s foncieres ne peuvent plus y etre retenus par cet espoir. Pres de onze cent personnes ont deja \u00e9t\u00e9 frapp\u00e9es par ce nouveau D\u00e9cret; et il est telle d\u2019entr\u2019elles qui s\u2019est vue impos\u00e9e \u00e0 \u00a316,000 Stg. On m\u2019en nomme plusieurs, et entr\u2019autres Mr. J. Tronchin, qui, plutot que d\u2019entrer en march\u00e9 avec les spoliateurs, et de leur livrer tout ce qui lui restait en propri\u00e9t\u00e9s personnelles afin de sauver ses campagnes et ses immeubles, a pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 leur abandonner volontairement toutes ces dernieres, estim\u00e9es \u00a3500,000 Tournois; et a fui Geneve, en se r\u00e9duisant aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s qui lui restent dans l\u2019\u00e9tranger.\n2\u00b0. Sur ce que l\u2019\u00e9migration, loin d\u2019etre jalous\u00e9e et emp\u00each\u00e9e par les R\u00e9volutionnaires (comme je l\u2019avais dabord craint) est au contraire ouvertement provoqu\u00e9e ou favoris\u00e9e par eux et qu\u2019elle est meme d\u00e9ja beaucoup plus nombreuse que nous n\u2019en aurions besoin pour former partout ailleurs une petite Colonie prospere; que cette \u00e9migration est meme si rapide et si consid\u00e9rable que le Canton de Berne allarm\u00e9 du rench\u00e9rissement des subsistances, que l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de nos \u00e9migr\u00e9s a caus\u00e9 dans le pays de Vaud, vient de se voir appel\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre des bornes aux facilit\u00e9s qu\u2019il avait donn\u00e9 aux premiers venus, en sorte que ceux qui les suivent sont oblig\u00e9s de se disperser dans les diff\u00e9rens districts de la suisse.\n  3\u00b0. Sur ce que la France loin de g\u00e9ner cette \u00e9migration, (comme je l\u2019avais \u00e9galement craint,) n\u2019y met aucune espece d\u2019obstacles, et que la plupart des municipalit\u00e9s voisines la favorisent au contraire par simple esprit de justice et d\u2019humanit\u00e9; que c\u2019est meme en se rendant sur le territoire fran\u00e7ais, que la plupart des Genevois qui \u00e9migrent trouvent toutes les facilit\u00e9s qu\u2019ils desirent pour passer en suisse; et qu\u2019enfin mon correspondant \u00e0 qui j\u2019avais indiqu\u00e9 la route du Rhin pour l\u2019embarquement,  ne pense qu\u2019\u00e0 celle de la france pour le Havre, route sur la quelle il ne pr\u00e9voit aucun obstacle, et qui sera en effet plus courte et beaucoup moins dispendieuse.\n4\u00b0. Sur ce que notre Acad\u00e9mie a enfin re\u00e7u le coup de mort que je vous avais annonc\u00e9 d\u2019avance. Outre les emprisonnemens prononc\u00e9s cydevant contre divers Professeurs, cinq chaires viennent d\u2019etre d\u00e9cid\u00e9ment supprim\u00e9es, et le Professeur de Math\u00e9matiques qui ne l\u2019\u00e9tait pas, insiste sur sa d\u00e9mission pour se retirer en Suisse. Il para\u00eet que l\u2019intention actuelle de nos R\u00e9volutionnaires est de borner l\u2019\u00e9tude des sciences \u00e0 celle de la philosophie naturelle, la plus utile sans doute, mais qui n\u2019en a pas moins besoin de tous les secours dont ces destructeurs aveugles pr\u00e9tendent la priver. Pour donner \u00e0 cette branche d\u2019instruction publique un nouveau lustre, ils comptent exclusivement sur Mr. Pictet que je crois vous avoir deja repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme l\u2019ornement de notre Acad\u00e9mie, et que sa r\u00e9putation distingu\u00e9e au dedans et au dehors a mis jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent \u00e0 l\u2019abri de toutes vexations quelconques de la part des R\u00e9volutionnaires. Ils se flattent de le placer \u00e0 la tete d\u2019un Museum national pour l\u2019\u00e9tude de la nature qu\u2019ils se proposent d\u2019instituer \u00e0 l\u2019hotel de la R\u00e9sidence, que le successeur de soulavie a trouv\u00e9 trop magnifique pour l\u2019accepter. Afin de tenter Mr. Pictet, ils offrent de lui acheter son superbe cabinet d\u2019instrumens, qu\u2019ils y placeraient en lui donnant \u00e0 lui meme une habitation dans ce meme hotel, d\u2019o\u00f9 sont sortis depuis si longtems tous les fl\u00e9aux qui nous ont atteints et boulevers\u00e9s. Au reste, quoiqu\u2019ils ne n\u00e9gligent jusqu\u2019ici aucune espece de caresses pour l\u2019emp\u00eacher de porter ses vues ailleurs, et qu\u2019ils lui fassent meme une espece de pont d\u2019or pour l\u2019en d\u00e9tourner, je connais mieux que personne ses vraies dispositions, puisqu\u2019il est mon unique correspondant sur le projet am\u00e9ricain, et que c\u2019est lui qui me fait passer sur son succ\u00e8s les assurances que je viens de vous exposer. Il m\u2019annonce meme expressement son acceptation de la place d\u2019agent de la Colonie, ainsi que celle de son frere, homme non moins pr\u00e9cieux que lui sous une foule de rapports. Ils parlent l\u2019un et l\u2019autre \u00e9galement bien l\u2019anglois. Autoris\u00e9 comme je le suis Monsieur, \u00e0 vous annoncer leur adh\u00e9sion, je n\u2019ai pas besoin sans doute de vous pr\u00e9venir de l\u2019importance du secret dans tous les cas; mais je dois vous pr\u00e9venir que ces deux Messieurs en se proposant de partir d\u00e8s que nous aurions des r\u00e9ponses favorables d\u2019am\u00e9rique, ne s\u2019y disposent cependant que pour le seul cas o\u00f9 elle r\u00e9aliserait toutes nos esp\u00e9rances, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire o\u00f9 la Province qui nous adopterait se d\u00e9terminerait \u00e0 donner \u00e0 cette noble entreprise tout le grand essor dont elle a besoin, pour exciter par la gloire de cette r\u00e9surection l\u2019\u00e9mulation de tous ceux des Genevois qui sont les plus dignes d\u2019y contribuer. Au reste, celle de vos Provinces qui embrassera une entreprise  si nouvelle comprendra aisement sans doute combien il est important de ne point la tenter \u00e0 demi, et de ne pas l\u2019exposer ainsi au double risque de causer le malheur ou le desappointement des immigr\u00e9s sans produire l\u2019avantage du peuple g\u00e9n\u00e9reux qui aura voulu leur tendre une planche dans leur naufrage. Dailleurs M. Pictet sont l\u2019un et l\u2019autre peres de famille, et je ne pourrais les d\u00e9terminer \u00e0 une transplantation si lointaine, qu\u2019autant que les r\u00e9ponses que j\u2019attends de vous Monsieur, oteraient entierement \u00e0 cette transplantation, tout ce que jusqu\u2019alors elle parait avoir d\u2019hazardeux. Le Professeur, en la voyant plac\u00e9e sous vos auspices, y met cependant une telle confiance, et il \u00e9pouse si chaudement la belle perspective de pouvoir donner l\u2019am\u00e9rique pour patrie \u00e0 ses enfans, (perspective, qui offre en effet, me dit-il une seconde vie \u00e0 recommencer avec l\u2019avantage de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience qu\u2019aura donn\u00e9 la premiere) qu\u2019il m\u2019a express\u00e9ment charg\u00e9 de faire arr\u00e9ter provisoirement des d\u00e9marches que ses amis avaient entreprises dans ce pays cy pour lui procurer quelque place assortie \u00e0 ses talens: L\u2019obtention de quelque place semblable lui serait d\u2019autant plus facile, qu\u2019il a d\u00e9ja obtenu celle de membre de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Royale de Londres, \u00e0 la suite d\u2019un m\u00e9moire qu\u2019il composa en anglais, ins\u00e9r\u00e9 dans les Transactions philosophiques de 1791 ou de 1792 sur la mesure d\u2019un degr\u00e9 du M\u00e9ridien et de deux du parallele de latitude qui se coupent \u00e0 l\u2019observatoire de Geneve. C\u2019est aussi lui qui a lev\u00e9 les seules bonnes cartes que nous ayons de la Suisse fran\u00e7aise et de la savoye. Enfin c\u2019est un homme universel et dans toute la vigueur de l\u2019age. Je ne viens de m\u2019\u00e9tendre de nouveau sur son personel, que pour vous faire juger Monsieur, du gage de succ\u00e8s que son association pr\u00e9senterait \u00e0 notre Universit\u00e9 Am\u00e9ricaine, ainsi que du poids de son opinion et de son exemple sur la disposition g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Genevois. Au surplus, il s\u2019est bien gard\u00e9 de leur communiquer le projet en lui meme, et s\u2019est born\u00e9 \u00e0 faire insinuer soit \u00e0 Geneve soit en Suisse, \u00e0 tous ceux des Genevois que nous d\u00e9sirerions pour Colons, que la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une r\u00e9union en Corps sous un autre Ciel, doit leur faire suspendre, au moins jusqu\u2019au commencement de l\u2019ann\u00e9e prochaine tous projets d\u00e9finitifs de dispersion.\nJe ne dois pas n\u00e9gliger Monsieur, de vous transcrire ici quelques fragments des lettres de Mr. Pictet en date des 3, 13, et 19 8bre. Mon frere et moi me dit-il nous savons deja notre Jefferson par c\u0153ur. J\u2019ai d\u00e9vor\u00e9 cet ouvrage o\u00f9 sous le titre modeste de notes on trouve tant d\u2019information. Je vois dans ce pays, la mine la plus riche d\u2019observations naturelles, et je sens que ma collection min\u00e9ralogique et lithologique transport\u00e9e l\u00e0, y doublerait d\u2019int\u00e9ret, par les comparaisons \u00e0 faire entre les productions naturelles des deux h\u00e9mispheres. Je picquai vivement la curiosit\u00e9 de Mr. de Saussure en lui parlant des observations g\u00e9ologiques de Mr.  Jefferson dont il n\u2019avait pas lu l\u2019ouvrage, et je lui ouvris la perspective d\u2019observations compar\u00e9es de ce genre entre les montagnes des Alpes qu\u2019il a si profondement \u00e9tudi\u00e9es et celles d\u2019Am\u00e9rique. Cette id\u00e9e me parut le s\u00e9duire fortement. Je dois aussi Monsieur, vous faire passer une observation de Mr. Pictet en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 mon projet de composition d\u2019Acad\u00e9mie dont je lui avais soumis la premiere id\u00e9e avec la meme d\u00e9fiance qu\u2019\u00e0 vous. \u201cIl me semble, dit-il, que dans un pays o\u00f9 la nature \u00e9tale des richesses nouvelles, et o\u00f9 la plupart de ces richesses demeurent perdues pour l\u2019homme qui ne les conna\u00eet pas, les \u00e9tudes et l\u2019impulsion d\u2019une Acad\u00e9mie naissante doivent etre particulierement dirig\u00e9es de ce cot\u00e9. Tant de plantes et d\u2019animaux utiles \u00e0 connaitre, tant de min\u00e9raux \u00e0 exploiter avec avantage, tant d\u2019\u00e9difices publics et particuliers, de ponts, de chemins \u00e0 construire, doivent commander l\u2019attention et devenir les premiers objets d\u2019un peuple plac\u00e9 dans ces circonstances. Je voudrais donc en admettant vos autres Chaires avoir un Prof. de Botanique et d\u2019histoire naturelle du regne v\u00e9g\u00e9tal. Un Prof. de Chimie pratique, min\u00e9ralogie, et m\u00e9tallurgie. Un d\u2019architecture civile et de la partie du g\u00e9nie qu\u2019on nomme en france ponts et chauss\u00e9es. La chimie th\u00e9orique avec ses exp\u00e9riences fondamentales est du ressort du Professeur de phisique exp\u00e9rimentale. Je crois que cette division n\u2019ajouterait au fond qu\u2019un Professeur de plus \u00e0 votre liste. Je pense encore que chez un peuple appel\u00e9 \u00e0 naviger autant que le sont les am\u00e9ricains, un Prof. d\u2019hydrographie et pilotage ne serait pas de trop. J\u2019aurois un homme excellent pour le g\u00e9nie, et celui l\u00e0 nous procurerait peut etre quelqu\u2019un pour cette derniere partie.\u201d\nCe qui vous \u00e9tonnera peut etre Monsieur, c\u2019est que le successeur de ce soulavie qui avait excit\u00e9 chez nous contre-nos savans et contre les Ministres de la Religion toutes les pers\u00e9cutions des Vandales aux\u2019 quelles ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 en proye, parait viser \u00e0 rec\u0153uillir dans Geneve les d\u00e9bris du naufrage de nos sciences, et que la france adresse des offres consid\u00e9rables \u00e0 tous ceux de nos gens de lettres qui seraient tent\u00e9s d\u2019aller remplir chez elle la place des victimes de sa r\u00e9volution. Jusqu\u2019ici on n\u2019en a pu \u00e9branler que deux, encore sont-ils d\u2019une classe assez subalterne, et ont-ils promis de ne point se lier indissolublement avant le commencement de l\u2019ann\u00e9e prochaine. Je ne doute point que le nouveau R\u00e9sident, que se trouve etre un Chimiste distingu\u00e9, n\u2019ait \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cialement charg\u00e9 de faire surtout des offres tres brillantes \u00e0 Mr. Pictet quoique ce dernier ne m\u2019en fasse aucune mention. Mais je vous r\u00e9pons qu\u2019aucune d\u2019elles ne pourra le tenter. Je ne doute point non plus qu\u2019avant six mois ou une ann\u00e9e, tous les jugemens quelconques d\u2019emprisonnement ou d\u2019exil ne soyent r\u00e9voqu\u00e9s, et que notre ouragan r\u00e9volutionnaire n\u2019ait perdu une grande partie de sa premiere fureur destructive. Mais quoiqu\u2019il arrive, le sang innocent n\u2019en aura pas moins coul\u00e9,  le brigandage des spoliations n\u2019en sera pas moins consomm\u00e9 et irr\u00e9parable; la libert\u00e9 et la moralit\u00e9 n\u2019en auront pas moins \u00e9t\u00e9 fl\u00e9tries pour longues ann\u00e9es dans Geneve; et sans pr\u00e9tendre rien pr\u00e9voir ici des destin\u00e9es de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration future, il est \u00e9vident que pour la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration pr\u00e9sente des Genevois hommes de bien, leur patrie est devenue un S\u00e9jour inhabitable, et que d\u00e8s \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent la france elle meme en serait un pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable pour eux \u00e0 tous \u00e9gards, si l\u2019am\u00e9rique ne leur ouvre pas une nouvelle patrie.\nJe viens Monsieur, de vous offrir enfin sur la haute probabilit\u00e9 de notre r\u00e9surection en Am\u00e9rique, des donn\u00e9es positives sur les quelles je n\u2019avais pu vous pr\u00e9senter dans mes premieres lettres que de simples apper\u00e7us. Si \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque o\u00f9 vous re\u00e7evrez cette d\u00e9peche, la Virginie a deja pleinement adh\u00e9r\u00e9 aux propositions que je vous ai pri\u00e9 de lui soumettre, vous pourrez lui apprendre qu\u2019elle ne sera pas tromp\u00e9e dans les esp\u00e9rances qu\u2019elle en aura con\u00e7ues, et sans doute, que le succ\u00e8s de l\u2019entreprise vous paraitra assez mur pour qu\u2019on puisse d\u00e8s \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent envoyer des agents \u00e0 la recherche et \u00e0 l\u2019examen des terres qui nous seraient destin\u00e9es, et pour le choix des quelles vous connaissez maintenant toutes nos convenances beaucoup mieux que nous memes. Si par malheur au contraire, votre Province avait \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00e9t\u00e9e jusqu\u2019ici par tout ce que le plan que je lui proposais pouvait avoir de vague \u00e0 Ses yeux jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que je fusse \u00e0 meme d\u2019y ajouter la certitude que mes compatriotes y adh\u00e9raient, ou jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019elle put connaitre la tournure des derniers actes de notre R\u00e9volution; j\u2019ose me flatter que ce ne sera point encore trop tard pour reprendre cette int\u00e9ressante discussion, et la terminer par quelque vote qui ne puisse laisser aux Genevois aucun motif d\u2019h\u00e9sitation, et qui pourrait leur parvenir encore vers le primtems. C\u2019est maintenant \u00e0 votre L\u00e9gislature de voir, si cette entreprise est digne de toute la protection que j\u2019implore \u00e9galement Monsieur, de vos lumieres, de votre influence, et ne me permettrez vous point meme d\u2019ajouter de votre zele actif et \u00e9clair\u00e9 pour les interets de l\u2019am\u00e9rique?\n  Si par hazard Monsieur, votre L\u00e9gislature pouvoit entretenir encore aucune espece de doutes, soit sur la disposition des Genevois \u00e0 \u00e9migrer, soit sur les difficult\u00e9s qu\u2019ils pourront avoir \u00e0 y r\u00e9ussir; je m\u2019en r\u00e9f\u00e9rerai uniquement \u00e0 l\u2019extrait d\u2019une brochure qu\u2019un R\u00e9volutionnaire vient de publier \u00e0 Geneve et que je joins ici: Vous y verrez qu\u2019il a en quelque maniere d\u00e9vin\u00e9 mon projet, et qu\u2019il y avoue que les Genevois expatri\u00e9s sont deja assez nombreux pour pouvoir fonder au besoin une nouvelle Geneve, qui rivaliserait et effacerait l\u2019ancienne. C\u2019est un morceau authentique et pr\u00e9cieux \u00e0 tous \u00e9gards. Je vous laisse le juge Monsieur, s\u2019il ne m\u00e9riterait point d\u2019etre traduit et ins\u00e9r\u00e9 dans les papiers d\u2019am\u00e9rique; car lors meme qu\u2019il ne lui d\u00e9montrerait pas combien mon projet est praticable,  et les divers avantages qu\u2019elle pourra en retirer; c\u2019est un avertissement si terrible sur les remords tardifs, d\u00e9chirans mais inutiles qui suivent les exc\u00e8s de la libert\u00e9 qu\u2019il est bien \u00e0 d\u00e9sirer qu\u2019il ne soit pas perdu pour les peuples qui ont le bonheur de ne l\u2019avoir point encore fl\u00e9trie.\nPuisse la Virginie qui a donn\u00e9 la premiere au monde l\u2019id\u00e9e et l\u2019exemple de la v\u00e9ritable tol\u00e9rance, lui en donner un second, non moins digne peut etre d\u2019ajouter \u00e0 sa gloire, celui de la libert\u00e9 pure vierge et triomphante tendant un bras protecteur \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 opprim\u00e9e et pers\u00e9cut\u00e9e! J\u2019ai l\u2019honneur d\u2019etre avec respect Monsieur, Votre tres humble & tres ob\u00e9issant serviteur\nF d\u2019Ivernois\nP.S. Je ferai remettre au vaisseau le Martin bound for Norfolk, qui se charge de cette lettre six exemplaires du tableau de la R\u00e9volution francaise \u00e0 Geneve \u00e0 l\u2019adresse de Mr. Jefferson.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "09-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0140", "content": "Title: Enclosure I: Decree of the Geneva National Commission, 28 September 1794\nFrom: Geneva National Commission\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nEnclosuresIDecree of the Geneva National Commission\nEgalit\u00e9, Libert\u00e9, ind\u00e9pendance.\nCommission Nationale.\nCitoyens!\nL\u2019Etat de p\u00e9nurie et d\u2019inaction dans lequel se trouve d\u00e8s longtems le Commerce et l\u2019industrie \u00e0 Geneve, alloit plonger une foule de nos concitoyens, dans la plus \u00e9ffrayante mis\u00e8re. Cette situation critique \u00e9xigeoit, pour en sortir, des moyens extraordinaires, prompts et efficaces. La Nation insurg\u00e9e le sentit et les indiqua.\nElle chargea, entr\u2019autres travaux, la Commission r\u00e9volutionnaire de diriger  ses vues sur la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019institutions r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices, qui pussent gu\u00e9rir les maux dont nous sommes tourment\u00e9s, et ramener dans notre chere patrie, Non pas cet aspect d\u2019un faste insultant, qui ne donne aux Etats que l\u2019apparence mensongere de la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9, et fut toujours le pr\u00e9curseur certain de leur chute, ou l\u2019indice de l\u2019asservissement du peuple; Mais le vrai bonheur, celui de nos ancetres, celui des r\u00e9publicains, celui qui ne peut \u00e9xister sans la simplicit\u00e9 et sans la puret\u00e9 des moeurs, Celui dont la vraie base est l\u2019amour du travail et de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9.\nCes \u00e9tablissemens sont difficiles et longs \u00e0 former. La Commission r\u00e9volutionnaire s\u2019en occupa avec sollicitude dans tous les momens o\u00f9 elle ne fut pas d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e de cet objet par des interets urgens et provisoires, et par les circonstances qui forc\u00e8rent la Nation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9riger en tribunal r\u00e9volutionnaire.\nLa Commission Nationale, elle m\u00eame, n\u2019a pu encore que pr\u00e9parer des mat\u00e9riaux et faire des essais. L\u2019une et l\u2019autre ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 redonner de l\u2019activit\u00e9 au Comptoir patriotique, et la commission Nationale s\u2019occupa \u00e0 le r\u00e9organiser. Elles ont \u00e9tabli un d\u00e9pot ou les Citoyens peuvent recevoir des avances sur les produits de leur industrie, en en attendant l\u2019\u00e9coulement; elles ont mis en train des fabriques de mouvemens bruts, elles m\u00e9ditent sur les moyens de procurer \u00e0 chacun de l\u2019ouvrage.\nMais pour donner \u00e0 tous les \u00e9tablissemens projet\u00e9s, la stabilit\u00e9, l\u2019extension et la perfection qu\u2019ils doivent avoir pour le bonheur du peuple, il faut du tems, des exp\u00e9riences suivies, un grand travail, et surtout des fonds consid\u00e9rables. Or ces fonds, o\u00f9 les trouver?\nLe peuple insurg\u00e9 contre l\u2019aristocratie, a des remboursemens l\u00e9gitimes \u00e0 reclamer du parti qui provoqua ces d\u00e9penses \u00e9normes, suites funestes du r\u00e9gime despotique et militaire sous lequel g\u00e9mirent plusieurs ann\u00e9es les Citoyens depuis l\u2019intervention des troupes \u00e9trang\u00e8res en 1782; et les patriotes, qui sont dans l\u2019aisance, sont assur\u00e9ment dispos\u00e9s \u00e0 faire de grands sacrifices. Il a donc ordonn\u00e9 qu\u2019il seroit pr\u00e9lev\u00e9, non seulement des indemnit\u00e9s, mais une contribution g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, mesure extraordinaire, qui seule peut sauver la r\u00e9publique, justifi\u00e9e par son indispensable n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, et dont la rigueur m\u00eame est une base de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 future, qui doit rassurer sur la crainte d\u2019un nouveau recours \u00e0 de semblables moyens.\nLa Commission nationale, charg\u00e9e par le peuple insurg\u00e9 de ce p\u00e9nible devoir, a cherch\u00e9 avec la plus scrupuleuse attention, le plan et le mode qui pourroit rendre ces indemnit\u00e9s et cette contribution suffisamment productives, sans \u00e9nerver le commerce et l\u2019industrie, qui sont nos plus pr\u00e9cieuses ressources, et auxquelles son but essentiel est de rendre le ressort et l\u2019activit\u00e9 qui leur manquent. La Commission nationale a aussi cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 fixer avec justice, d\u2019une maniere positive et g\u00e9nerale, les variations d\u2019indemnit\u00e9s et de contributions dict\u00e9es par les diverses situations des individus tax\u00e9s, ainsi que par les diverses mesures de l\u2019incivisme, de ceux qui se sont montr\u00e9s les ennemis de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 et de la libert\u00e9. Apr\u00e8s avoir murement pes\u00e9 toutes ces consid\u00e9rations, et s\u2019\u00eatre bien p\u00e9n\u00e9tr\u00e9e de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de remplir l\u2019attente du peuple, la Commission Nationale a pris l\u2019arrett\u00e9 suivant.\narticle premier.\nLes Citoyens patriotes ayant une propriet\u00e9 audessous de \u00a312000 ne sont point tax\u00e9s, mais la Commission Nationale les invite, au nom de la Nation, \u00e0 venir pr\u00e9senter l\u2019offrande que leur sugg\u00e9rera leur patriotisme.\nart. II.\nTous les Citoyens qui par des actes, par des propos, ou par leur \u00e9go\u00efste inaction, se sont montr\u00e9s contraires ou indiff\u00e9rens aux principes d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 et de libert\u00e9,  qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 appel\u00e9s par devant les tribunaux r\u00e9volutionnaires, et qui ont une propriet\u00e9 de \u00a34000 et audessus jusqu\u2019\u00e0 \u00a312000 exclusivement sont tax\u00e9s comme suit: Ceux d\u2019entr\u2019eux qui se sont prononc\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 etre Class\u00e9s comme aristocrates, payeront\net ainsi de suite en augmentant de sur 5/12 p% par chaque \u00a31000 jusqu\u2019 \u00e0 \u00a312000 exclusivement.\nCeux qui seront class\u00e9s comme englu\u00e9s ou \u00e9go\u00efstes payeront comme tels.\n  et ainsi de suite en augmentant d\u2019un quart p% par  chaque \u00a31000 jusqu\u2019 \u00e0 \u00a312000 exclusivement.\nart. III.\nTous les Citoyens patriotes, toutes les veuves et leurs enfans mineurs, toutes les filles majeures ayant une fortune ind\u00e9pendante, toutes les femmes s\u00e9par\u00e9es de corps et de biens, et ayant une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de \u00a312000 et audessus, payeront une contribution d\u00e9finitivement r\u00e9gl\u00e9e comme suit:\net ainsi de suite en augmentant progressivement d\u2019un\n  sur\n  6e. p% par chaque \u00a31000 en sus. Le maximum net del la taxe de toutes les personnes d\u00e9sign\u00e9es dans cet article, ne pourra, dans aucun cas, exc\u00e9der 25 p% de la fortune du Contribuable.\nart. IV.\nL\u2019indemnit\u00e9 due par les enlu\u00e9s, \u00e9goistes ou indiff\u00e9rens, qui ont une fortune de \u00a312000 et audessus, sera d\u2019une moiti\u00e9 en sus des personnes d\u00e9sign\u00e9es dans l\u2019article trois; en sorte que la ou la Contribution d\u2019un patriote est de \u00a3400. celle de l\u2019englu\u00e9, \u00e9go\u00efste ou indiff\u00e9rent sera de \u00a3600. et ainsi de suite pour tout le tableau comparatif. Le maximum de l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 pour ces derniers, ne pourra dans aucun cas, exc\u00e9der 30 p% de la fortune du tax\u00e9.\nart. V.\nL\u2019indemnit\u00e9 due par les aristocrates sera de deux fois et demie la taxe des patriotes, en sorte que l\u00e0 ou le patriote paye \u00a3400. et l\u2019englu\u00e9 \u00a3600. l\u2019aristocrate payera \u00a31000; c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire autant que les deux ensemble, \u00e0 fortunes \u00e9gales, et ainsi de suite pour le tableau comparatif. Le maximum de l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 due par l\u2019aristocrate, ne pourra dans aucun cas, exc\u00e9der 40 p% de la fortune du tax\u00e9.\nart. VI.\nLa Contribution et l\u2019indemnit\u00e9 seront lev\u00e9es sur les fortunes r\u00e9unies du Mary, de la femme, de leurs enfans mineurs, et filles non mari\u00e9es quoique majeures, d\u2019ou qu\u2019elles proviennent; sur celle du Pere veuf, de ses enfans mineurs et filles non mari\u00e9es quoique majeures; sur celle de la M\u00e8re veuve, de ses enfans mineurs et filles non mari\u00e9es quoique majeures, sur celle des freres et soeurs orphelins de Pere et de Mere. Dans tous ces cas la cumulation de ces fortunes aura lieu.\nart. VII.\nSur toute Contribution ou indemnit\u00e9 exig\u00e9e des gens mari\u00e9s, il sera d\u00e9falqu\u00e9 un 12eme. de cette contribution ou indemnit\u00e9 en faveur de la Femme, de chaque enfant mineur, et de chaque fille non mari\u00e9e quoique majeure, et qui n\u2019a pas une fortune ind\u00e9pendante; sur la taxe des veufs, des veuves et de [leu]rs enfans, il sera de m\u00eame d\u00e9falqu\u00e9 un 12e. pour chaque enfant mineur, et pour chaque fille non [mari\u00e9]e, quoique majeure et qui n\u2019a pas une fortune ind\u00e9pendante. Enfin sur la taxe des orphelins de Pere et de Mere, il sera d\u00e9falqu\u00e9 un 10e. en faveur de Chaque pupille.\nart. VIII.\nLes Citoyens C\u00e9libataires, dans quelque Classe qu\u2019ils se trouvent sur le tableau, depuis l\u2019age de 35 ans et audessus, poss\u00e9dant une fortune de \u00a312000 et plus, payeront un 10e. en sus de la contribution ou indemnit\u00e9 \u00e0 laquelle ils seront tax\u00e9s.\nart. IX.\nLes dons patriotiques faits d\u00e8s le 19 Juillet dernier, la valeur de la Vaisselle mise en requisition, et celle des effets saisis, seront appliqu\u00e9s en d\u00e9duction de la Contribution ou indemnit\u00e9.\nLa Commission Nationale fera incessamment rentrer dans les coffres de la Nation, les indemnit\u00e9s et contributions cydessus. Elle se persuade qu\u2019aucun individu ne la mettra dans le cas d\u2019emploier les moyens de Contrainte que la Nation \u00e0 mis \u00e0 sa disposition.\nCitoyens! La Commission Nationale verra sans doute se r\u00e9aliser les bons effets, de tout genre, que doit produire cette subvention extraordinaire, et c\u2019est la plus douce r\u00e9compense de ses travaux; mais il est de son devoir de d\u00e9clarer \u00e0 ses concitoyens, que pour assurer la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 publique, le repos de l\u2019Etat, et le bonheur du peuple, il faut que cette mesure soit second\u00e9e par une disposition g\u00e9n\u00e9rale au travail. Une R\u00e9publique bien organis\u00e9e ou qui veut l\u2019etre, fl\u00e9trit la paresse, et voue tout oisif volontaire, au m\u00e9pris ou \u00e0 la proscription. Donn\u00e9 \u00e0 Geneve le 28 7bre. 1794 l\u2019an 3 de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9.\nLes Membres de la Commission sont\nJ. Bourdillon Disday\nJn. Dd. Cougnard\nDd. Jl. Matthey\nLaurent Bernier\nJsc. Cornuaud\nTheop. Martin\nAlex. Bousquet\nFrs. Gaillard\nMatt. Nal.\nAnt. Bideleux\nAnd. Ces. Lagier\nJ. J. Odier Chevrier\nCharles Cellier\nJs. Malher\nFrs. Romilly\n\u2007\u2007\u2007LeComte S\u00e9cr\u00e9taire", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "10-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0141", "content": "Title: Enclosure II: Extract from Etienne Pestre\u2019s Pamphlet, October 1794\nFrom: Pestre, Etienne\nTo: \nExtract from Etienne Pestre\u2019s Pamphlet\nExtrait d\u2019un pamphlet publi\u00e9 dans le milieu d\u20198bre. 1794 \u00e0 Geneve, Sign\u00e9 par Ete. Pestre l\u2019un des principaux r\u00e9volutionnaires Genevois.\nApr\u00e8s avoir prouv\u00e9 par l\u2019histoire ancienne et par celle de Geneve que les bannissemens ont toujours fait le mal des Etats qui ont admis cette peine, \u201cIl me reste,\u201d dit l\u2019auteur r\u00e9volutionnaire, \u201c\u00e0 donner mon opinion sur le rappel des Exil\u00e9s Genevois. Je vais le faire avec la franchise d\u2019un ami n\u00e9 de la libert\u00e9 et de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9. La justice et l\u2019humanit\u00e9 plaident en faveur de ce rappel. Nos arts, nos fabriques, notre Commerce ne le demandent pas avec moins d\u2019instances. C\u2019est dans ce rappel que nous trouverons le terme de nos maux. Je crois qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas un Genevois qui ne verse des larmes de douleur, quand sa pens\u00e9e s\u2019arrette sur cette foule de Citoyens de toutes les Classes qu\u2019un mouvement terrible \u00e0 jett\u00e9s sur une terre \u00e9trang\u00e8re. Quel \u00e9toit leur crime? Ils avoient dit-on form\u00e9 le complot   de renverser la Constitution, cette meme constitution qu\u2019ils venoient d\u2019accepter librement. Cela est-il prouv\u00e9? Non. Car il n\u2019en a pas m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 question dans les interrogatoires qu\u2019un petit nombre d\u2019entreux \u00e0 subi. Aussi ce pr\u00e9tendu Complot \u00e0-t-il \u00e9t\u00e9 rel\u00e9gu\u00e9 avec celui de 1770. C\u2019est avec \u00e9clat que cette conspiration avoit \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9e, et c\u2019est encore avec plus d\u2019\u00e9clat qu\u2019elle \u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue publique. Mais c\u2019est en vain que l\u2019homme instruit cherche \u00e0 en saisir les fils pour juger les dangers qu\u2019il a courus. Partout ces fils lui \u00e9chappent ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 ceux qui ont voulu le d\u00e9voiler. Heureusement que les Tribunaux n\u2019ont eu pour base aucune r\u00e8gle quelconque, aucune loi particuli\u00e8re, aucune organisation: car ils auroient \u00e9t\u00e9 un peu embarrass\u00e9s pour motiver leurs d\u00e9cisions. Cet aveu na\u00eff est unique dans les fastes de la justice. Un reproche qui peut se faire aux exil\u00e9s; c\u2019est celui d\u2019\u00eatre attach\u00e9s aux principes de l\u2019aristocratie expirante. Mais une opinion ne peut etre soumise aux tribunaux sous le r\u00e8gne de la libert\u00e9 et de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9. Dailleurs ils partageoient ce pr\u00e9tendu crime avec Rousseau qui dit dans une de ses lettres. Je pr\u00e9f\u00e9re hautement l\u2019aristocratie \u00e0 tout autre gouvernement. Les Loix ne doivent pas atteindre la pens\u00e9e parce qu\u2019elle est libre comme l\u2019habitant des airs; les actions seules sont l\u2019objet des loix r\u00e9pressives. Un despote confond l\u2019un et l\u2019autre pour arriver plus surement \u00e0 son but. Quand je parcours la liste nombreuse des bannis \u00e0 perp\u00e9tuit\u00e9 par contumace &c. &c. je me demande si on \u00e0 voulu transporter ailleurs notre industrie et notre commerce, car en rassemblant ces exil\u00e9s on pourrait faire une nouvelle Geneve. Nous avons renvers\u00e9 dans le lac notre Patrie et des peuples plus sages la p\u00eacheront. L\u2019artiste naturalisera ses talens dans le lieu ou il se fixera. Les nouvelles fabriques ach\u00e8veront la ruine des notres. Le commer\u00e7ant dont le g\u00e9nie franchit tous les obstacles d\u00e9tournera au profit de sa patrie adoptive les canaux qui nous portoient l\u2019abondance. Oh Geneve, oh malheureuse Geneve!\u201d", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-13-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0143", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Maria Cosway, 13 November 1794\nFrom: Cosway, Maria\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nMy Dear Sir\nLondon 13 Novr. 1794\nI am come home to England, and have the great pleasure to find I am not forgoten by Mr: Jefferson, t\u2019is impossible to express my happiness, the less I say the better, and am Sure what I dont say will be added by a Heart who can conceive and interpatrate Sentiments of a feeling and greatfull heart. My Angelica has been the greatest joy on my return. She has flatterd me much by telling me my name was mentiond in most of the letters which come from America. Mr: Trumbull tells me the Same and offers to send a letter; Now I have Not time to make One, till now I did Not know how to send one, but hope that I shall in another find more to convince You how much I am your Most Affte.\nMaria Cosway", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-16-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0144", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 16 November 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Novr. 16. 1794.\nI have received your two favors of Ocr. 30 and Novr. 6, the former not in time to be answered on Monday last. Mazzei\u2019s claim on Dorhman is \u00a32000 N.Y. Currency, with interest at 7 perCt. from Novr. 1788. It is secured by a Deed of Trust empowering me to sell a tract of land granted to Mr. D. by an Act of Congress of Octr. 1. 1787. (see Journals of that date). Mr. Randolph thinks that a Court of Equity would not interfere with a summary execution of the trust. I hear nothing from Dorhman; nor can even say whether he is still in N. York. I have mentioned to Mr. R. the books and he has promised to let me have them. Judge Wilson is on the Southn. Circuit, and I suppose the volumes in his hands can not be got till he returns. I will however make the trial. The gentleman by whom they are to be sent to you has not yet made his appearance.\nThe Senate having not yet a Quorum I cannot send you the P.\u2019s speech. You will have seen by the papers that the Western Scene is closed. H. is still with the army. You will perceive his colouring on all the documents which have been published during his Mentorship to the commander in cheif. When I first arrived here the conversation ran high for a standing army to enforce the laws. It is said the Militia will all return with the same doctrine in their mouths. I have no doubt that such an innovation will be attempted in earnest during the Session, if circumstances should be favorable. It is probable however that the P. will not embark in the measure; and that the fear of alarming N. England will be another obstacle.\nThe elections for the next Congs. are generally over except in Virga. and N. Carola. and N. York. In N. Hampshire the choice is much the same. In Masshts. there has been a violent contest in most of the districts. All that will probably be gained is a spirit of enquiry and competition in that quarter. Ames is re-elected after the most unparalled exertions and calumnies in his favor, and according to report by the additional aid of bad votes. Dexter is to run a second heat but will probably succeed. Sedgwick\u2019s fate is not known. The chance is said to be in his favor; but it is agreed that he will be well sweated. As he has not yet appeared, he is probably nursing his declining popularity during the crisis. From N.Y. we are promised at least half of the new representatives for the republican scale. N. Jersey has lost old Clarke who will no doubt be replaced by a successor of other sentiments. In this State, the election, notwithstanding its inauspicious circumstances, is more republican than the last. Nine at least out of thirteen are counted on the right side; among them Swanwick in the room of Fitzimmons, a stunning  change for the Aristocracy. Maryland pretty much as heretofore. I should have first noted that in Delaware Patten the Republican exmember, is chosen by a large Majority. The representation of Maryland will vary little from the present. In S.C. Smith has been carryed by the British Merchants in Charleston and their debtors in the Country, in spite of the Rutledges and Pinkney\u2019s who set up against him Jno. Rutlege Jur. Tucker was also a candidate. Smith had a majority of all the votes. In general the changes also in that state will be for the worse. The death of Gillon has made way for Barnwell if he chuses to step in. Hunter also is out; but it is said his successor (a Mr. Harper) will be a valuable acquisition, being sound able and eloquent. The prospects for the Senate are\u2014the reelection of Langdon for N.H. The election of Payne, an incognitum, in place of Bradley for Vermont who appears to have been out of favor with both parties\u2014the reelection of King in N.Y. owing to the death of 2 Repubn. members of the State Legislature\u2014the chance of a Republican successor to R. Morris, said to be a good one; a like chance in Delaware. In Maryland the Chance is bad, but nothing worse than the present delegation is to [be] apprehended. Potts has resigned, and Henry it is supposed will either withdraw or be rejected. The event in Virga. you will know. The information from N.C. is not decisive, but favorable; the same as to S.C. Izard has relinquished his pretensions. In Georgia the question lies between Gun and Telfair. The former it is thought will be rechosen.\nI must refer to Newspapers which I suppose you occasionally see from Richd. for the posture of things in Europe. In general they are extremely favorable to F. and alarming to all the Sovereigns of Europe. England seems still bent notwithstanding, on the war. She is now to subsidize the Emperor as well as the K. of Prussia. According to the intelligence handed to the public it would seem that the humiliating memorial of Jay inspires less contempt, than the French victories do terror, and that the tone towards this Country will be much changed. It is even intimated that satisfactory arrangements will be made on most, if not all the points in question. Not a line official or private from Monroe. His enthusiastic reception you will have seen.\nPrices here are very different from those you mention\u2014Wheat at 12/- Corn 6/6. Beef at 8d. and other things in proportion. House Rent 50 perCt. higher than last winter. Mrs. M. offers her best returns to you. Always & affecy. Yours\nJs. Madison", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0145", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to John Barnes, 20 November 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Barnes, John\nSir\nMonticello Nov. 20. 1794.\nI have to acknolege the receipt of your two favors of Oct. 19. and Nov. 5. It is possible I may trouble you in some of the various lines of business mentioned in the former, at some future day, and shall do it with entire confidence in you.With respect to the bill of exchange for Messrs. Van Staphorst, I am too far from the scene of business to give any advice as to the rate of exchange which may be allowed. I can only say in general that the money is wanted for Mr. Mazzei, that I withold some other remittances to him, till I can receive this also and send all together, but that still great sacrifices in the rate of exchange ought not to be made, if there be a reasonable hope of a speedy and sensible fall. I can therefore only leave you to the exercise of your own good judgment and of Mr. Blair\u2019s directions in this matter.\u2014Whenever you inclose the bill to me, would it be giving you too much trouble to quote to me the wholesale and retail prices of the articles below at Philadelphia, at that time? If not I should thank you for them. I am with great respect Sir Your most obedt. servt\nTh: Jefferson\nGerman oznabrigs.\nBritish \u2007\u2007\u2007\u2007do.\nWhite plains or cottons such as we use for negroes.\nstriped blankets, for do. good.\nplaid hose for do.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0146", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to William Branch Giles, 20 November 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Giles, William Branch\nDear Sir\nMonticello Nov. 20. 1794.\nI have lately recieved from Donald & Burton their account crediting me for your bill of excha. \u00a337\u201310 stirling, as also Mr. Brown\u2019s account, who by consigning my tobaccoes to another house on the failure of the former, placed my credits in his own account while the debets were with Donald & Burton, and thus saved you the \u00a337\u201310 and me the rest of my tobacco. Not having been indebted to Donald & Burton at the time they credited your bill nor for long after, and consequently drawing no profit from the credit, I have given my bill but for the principal sum; the loss of interest you will place to account of the casualties which have happened in the whole of this business.\nI remember you offered to return to me (in Philadelphia) some papers of mine respecting my demand against Bannister\u2019s estate. Was his promisory note among them? We cannot find it, and I am considerably embarrassed in another settlement for want of it. Pray inform me by return of post if you have it at all, and if with you, send it.\nI do not know the present state of health of T. Shippen but if such as admits his being spoken to on business without uneasiness, and you should ever have an opportunity I will thank you to mention this demand to him. It is now somewhat upwards of \u00a3100. our money, and Mr. Dunbar being dead, I know not who to apply to for it. I am in real want of it. However if the state of his health would render such an intimation uneasy to him, say nothing about it.\nWe are here big with expectations of hearing that Detroit is attacked by Govr. Lee, as the declared purpose of that armament is hardly sufficient to be used as the ostensible one. It is presumed that the Executive must have serious information from Mr. Jay. We wish much also to see the speech: tho\u2019 that will hardly reveal the secret. We have no news to give you but of our cattle and crops: it is from you to us that news are expected. Adieu; believe me with sincere esteem Dear Sir Your friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0147", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Maury, 20 November 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Maury, James\nSir\n(Virginia) Monticello Nov. 20. 1794.\nThis serves to inform you that under the orders of James Munroe Min. Pleny. of the US. at Paris, whereof he has advised you, I have this day drawn on you in favor of William B. Giles for thirty seven pounds ten shillings sterling payable at thirty days sight which be pleased to honor. I am Sir Your very humble servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-20-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0149", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from John Trumbull, 20 November 1794\nFrom: Trumbull, John\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nLondon 20th. Novr. 1794.\nI have the pleasure to enclose to you a line from our friend Mrs. Cosway, who arrived here a few days ago from Italy. She was to have written a longer letter, but I fear I shall not recieve it in time to go, with this.\nYesterday a Treaty was sign\u2019d between Lord Grenville and Mr. Jay, whose Effect I hope will be not only to preserve peace but also to preserve a good understanding between G. Britain and America. Its objects are, first to do mutual Justice; and after to grant mutual conveniencies, reserving on our side in the most express manner all Rights and Stipulations contained in all former Treaties.\nI understood some time ago that the Commissioners at Washington were dissatisfied with one of their principal Architects; and wrote to some of my friends recommending (if they wish\u2019d to employ a Man of regular Education) Mr. George Hatfield, a Brother of Mrs. Cosway, who has just return\u2019d from finishing his Studies in Italy, and is regarded here as the Man of the first Talents for his Years in the Country. The War occasions a Stagnation in the Arts, and He is of course not employ\u2019d and would be glad to come out on reasonable terms. Should any opening of this kind offer, I am sure you will chearfully use your Influence in favor of the Brother of our friend when at the same time you are assured of rendering a service to our Country by introducing into it a man of Talents and Integrity. I beg my best Respects to Mrs. Randolph & Miss Jefferson\u2014and Am Dr. sir Your most Obliged friend and faithful servant\nJohn Trumbull", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-21-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0150", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from John Adams, 21 November 1794\nFrom: Adams, John\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia Nov. 21. 1794\nI am desired by our old Acquaintance Mr. D\u2019Ivernois to transmit you the inclosed Papers for your inspection Opinion and Advice. The poor Fellow has been obliged to fly a Second time into Banishment. The first time, he was driven out as a Democrat: but it is now, Day about, as they Say, in Geneva, and he is compelled to run, as an Aristocrat.\nShall We print his History? What Shall We do with his Academy?\nI have Spent my Summer So deliciously in farming that I return to the Old Story of Politicks with great Reluctance. The Earth is grateful. You find it so, I dare say. I wish We could both say the Same of its Inhabitants.\nWhen will the Crisis of this fever in human Nature be over, and in what State of Health will it be left? Solitudinem faciunt, Libertatem appellant.\nVirginia I hope will send Us Some good Senators, We grow very thin. I begin to think the Senate Scarcely numerous enough for so large a People. But this is not a time for Changes: We must go on as well as we can. Make my Compliments, if you please to your Daughters, whom I had once the Pleasure to see, and for whom I retain much Esteem. I am, sir with great Regard, your most obedient\nJohn Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-23-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0151", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Wilson Cary Nicholas, 23 November 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Nicholas, Wilson Cary\nDear Sir\nMonticello Nov. 23. 1794.\nI take the liberty of inclosing for your perusal and consideration a proposal from a Mr. D\u2019Ivernois, a Genevan, of considerable distinction for science and patriotism, and that too of the republican kind, tho you will see that he does not carry it so far as our friends of the National assembly of France. While I was at Paris, I knew him as an exile for his democratic principles, the aristocracy having then the upper hand, in Geneva. He is now obnoxious to the Democratic party. The sum of his proposition is to translate the academy of Geneva in a body to this country. You know well that the colleges of Edinburgh and Geneva as seminaries of science, are considered as the two eyes of Europe: while Great Britain and America give the preference to the former, all other countries give it to the latter. I am fully sensible that two powerful obstacles are in the way of this proposition. 1st. the expence: 2dly. the communication  of science in foreign languages, that is to say, in French or Latin: but I have been so long absent from my own country as to be an incompetent judge either of the force of the objections, or of the dispositions of those who are to decide on them. The respectability of Mr. D\u2019Ivernois\u2019 character, and that too of the proposition, require an answer from me, and that it should be given on due enquiry. He desires secrecy to a certain degree for the reasons which he explains. What I have to request of you, my dear Sir, is that you will be so good as to consider his proposition, to consult on it\u2019s expediency and practicability with such gentlemen of the assembly as you think best, and take such other measures as you shall find eligible, to discover what would be the sense of that body were the proposition to be hazarded to them. If yourself and friends approve of it, and think there is hope that the assembly would do so, your zeal for the good of our country in general, and the promotion of science as an instrument towards that, will of course induce you and them to bring it forward in such way as you shall judge best. If on the contrary, you disapprove of it yourselves, or think it would be desperate with the assembly, be so good as to return it to me with such information as I may hand forward to Mr. D\u2019Ivernois to put him out of suspence. Keep the matter by all means out of the public papers, and particularly if you please, do not couple my name with the proposition if brought forward, because it is much my wish to be in no wise implicated in public affairs.\u2014It is necessary for me to appeal to all my titles for giving you this trouble, whether founded in representation, patriotism or friendship. The last, however as the broadest is that on which I wish to rely, being with sentiments of very cordial esteem Dear Sir your sincere friend & humble servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0153", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 29 November 1794\nFrom: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nSir\nTD: C.O. 29th: Novemr. 1794.\nI have received your favour of the 4th. instant and readily assure you of my assent and cooperation in effecting a transfer of Mr. Shorts stock under the power of Attorney of which you have transmitted a Copy. I have the honour to be with great respect Sir your most obedt. servt:\nO W", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "11-30-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0154", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from James Madison, 30 November 1794\nFrom: Madison, James\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhilada. Novr. 30. 94\nMr. Fleming has been here and set out on his return yesterday. I did not however know of his arrival till a very short time before his departure. Contrary to your expectation he returns by land, not with his goods. On this account added to the lateness of the Season, and my not being able to get all your books, I concluded it would be best to put off sending what I could get, till the Spring, when they can all be sent together, and perhaps be less exposed to accidents. The books in the hands of Wilson could not be obtained in his absence. And Mr. R. has not been able yet to find the Book on Mineralogy left with him. You will see by the inclosed that you are to receive a Sett of Chalmer\u2019s Treaties. I send you the letter to me accompanying it, for the sake of the references which if correct may deserve notice; tho\u2019 they issue from a Quarter not very learned one would suppose on such subjects. You will be so good as to return the letter, as I am yet to answer it.\nThe attack on the most sacred principle of our Constitution and of  Republicanism, thro\u2019 the Democratic Societies, has given rise to much discussion in the H. of Reps. and has left us in a critical situation. You will have seen the P.\u2019s Speech. The answer of the Senate was hurried thro\u2019, with the most full and emphatic eccho of the denunciation of these Societies. In the mean time the answer of the H. of Reps. tho\u2019 prepared and reported without any loss of time, was, contrary to usage, printed for consideration, and put off from Friday, till monday. On the intervening Saturday, the Senate presented theirs, which with the P\u2019s reply was immediately out in the Newspapers. I refer for both to the Richd. Newspapers which you will probably have seen. The answer of the H. of Reps. both as reported and as agreed to are inclosed. The Come. consisted of Sedgwick Scott and myself. The draught was made as strong as possible on all proper points, in order the better to get it thro\u2019, without the improper ones. This succeeded in the Come.; Scott concurring in the expediency of silence on that; tho\u2019 in the House he changed his ground. When the report was taken up on Monday Fitzimmons moved \u201cto reprobate the self-created Societies &c. which tho\u2019 in strictness not illegal, contributed by their proceedings to mislead the weak and ignorant.\u201d This opened the debate which you will no doubt have an opportunity of reading in the Virga. papers if you chuse. It so happens that I can not send them by the mail. The arguments in favor of the motion fell with equal weight on the press and every mode of animadverting on public men and measures. After some time the proposition was new modelled, and in a less pointed shape underwent discussion for several days. On the first question which tried the sense of the House, the division was 47 against 45. for the usurped power. This was in a Committee of the whole. On a renewal of the same question in the House the decision was reversed by 47 in the affirmative and 45 in the negative. A motion was then made to limit the censure to the Societies within the scene of insurrection, which was carried by the casting vote of the Speaker. In this form the whole proposition was abandoned. This was on thursday. On friday, it being foreseen that some evil accomodation would come from the other side and succeed, It was proposed by Mr. Nicholas to insert the sentence which distinguishes the first \u00b6 of the Answer agreed to, from the Report. An attempt was made to add \u201cand self created Societies,\u201d after \u201ccombinations,\u201d but it had so little prospect of success that it was withdrawn. The Answer was presented on saturday, and received the reply in the inclosed paper, which you will be at no loss to understand. The Republicans were considered by their opponents as rather victorious by the result in the House. The reply of the P. is claimed by the latter as a final triumph on their side; and it is probable that so it will prove. You will easily conceive my situation thro\u2019 this  whole business. It was obvious that a most dangerous game was playing against Republicanism. The insurrection was universally and deservedly odious. The Democratic Societies were presented as in league with it. The Republican part of Congs. were to be drawn into an ostensible, patronage of these Societies, and into an ostensible opposition to the President. And by this artifice the delusion of N. Engld. was to be confirmed, and a chance afforded of some new turn in Virga. before the elections in the Spring. What the success of this game will really be, time must decide. If the people of America are so far degenerated already as not to see or to see with indifference, that the Citadel of their liberties is menaced by the precedent before their eyes, they require abler advocates than they now have, to save them from the consequences. Lengthy as the debate was, I took but little part in it; and that little is very erroneously as well as defectively stated in the Newspapers. No private letters from Monroe. An official one of Sepr. 15. speaks of the utmost prosperity at home\u2014of the irresistable discipline and enthusiasm of their armies, and of the most unalterable affection to this Country. All that is given out from Jay\u2019s Negociation is in favor of some advantageous result. How is your Rheumatism\u2014and Mr. Randolph\u2019s complaint?", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-02-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0155", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Archibald Stuart, 2 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Stuart, Archibald\nMy Dear Sir\nMonticello Dec. 2. 1794.\nI now place in the hands of Colo. Bell in Charlottesville fifty dollars to be forwarded to you, and have to ask the favor of you to purchase me sheep to that amount. The moment you notify me that they are ready, I will send off for them, so as to receive them from the seller, and not give you so much trouble with them as you had with the last purchase. Perhaps I may at the same time send a further sum, for a further purchase. But of this I am not sure, and therefore can only ask you to have your eye on a score more.\u2014I am in the moment of the departure of the post, and therefore have only time to add assurances of the sincere esteem of Dear Sir Your affectionate friend & servt.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-07-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0156", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from William Branch Giles, 7 December 1794\nFrom: Giles, William Branch\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nPhiladelphia December 7th 1794\nI received your very friendly and polite letter three days ago, but had not an opportunity till yesterday of makeing the inquiry, you request respecting your demand upon the late Mr. Banister\u2019s estate. On yesterday I called on Mr. Shippen for that purpose, but was informed that he was too much indisposed to be seen on business. I intimated the thing however to Mrs. Shippen, who informed me that she had often heard from Mr. Dunbar and always conceived, that the demand had been satisfyed by him in his life time to Mr. Robert Pleasants, a gentleman who called himself your agent; that Mr. Dunbar\u2019s papers would probably furnish the evidence of the payment. But if the debt still remained unpaid Mr. Shippen was the proper person to receive the application for payment.\nThe papers respecting this business I have left in Virginia, and cannot charge my memory with certainty, whether the promisory note be amongst them or not. I am rather inclined to think it is.\nI have to acknowledge the recipt of your Bill of exchange for \u00a337.10, which is perfectly satisfactory to me, nor was any apology necessary for not includeing interest in the draft. I could never think of receiving interest from you in return for your goodness in rendering me a service.\nLetters have been received here from our Friend Monroe, who seems to be in the most perfect confidence with the French nation, and who speaks of his situation as extremely eligible. Embarrassments of a delicate nature attended his first arrival at Paris, and I conceive the measures taken to relieve himself from them extremely judicious and decisive.\nGreat changes are about takeing place in the Cabinet here. Mr. Hamilton and Mr. Knox will go out of office at the end of January next, and possibly Mr. Cox and Mr. Wolcott. This latter circumstance will probably depend upon the manner of filling up the two first vacancies.\nA greater degree of harmony is likely to characterise our legislative proceedings this session than formerly. The plan of denunciation produced considerable sensations at the opening of the session but they have in some measure subsided. It seems to be a source of general regret that the President should have been instrumental in these excitements.\nUnder the disguise of applause to our military agents, a way has been opened to a handsome exit for Mr. Hamilton, but it may yet be found hazardous to tread it. The maxim has been, that praise is the soldiers appropriate reward; but it will probably be appropriated to the heads of departments in the course of a month or two.\nThe news from Europe present the most pleasing continuation of French successes, and the increasing consternation of the combined Despots.\nTwo Newspapers will accompany this letter although I think you forbad me to forward any, the last time I had the pleasure of seeing you. If they should not amuse you perhaps they may some of your Neighbors.\nBe pleased to accept my best wishes for your personal welfare and happiness and Believe me to be your sincere Friend &c\nWm B. Giles", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-09-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0157", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 9 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nTh: J. to mr Madison\nI write this merely as a way bill. The Orange post arrives at Charlottesville on Tuesday morning about 10. aclock and returns in half an hour. The Richmond post arrives in Charlottesville on Tuesday evening and returns on Friday morning. I wish to know the difference this makes in the conveyance of a letter to Philadelphia. I therefore write this by the Orange post, and will write such another by that of Richmond, and pray you to note to me the days on which you recieve both.\u2014Your favor of Nov. 16. came to hand the 2d. inst. Our militia are returning it is said, without having been to Detroit. Where then have they been? The explanation of this phaenomenon is ardently wished here. Adieu. Yours affectionately.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-11-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0158", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Samuel Blackden, 11 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Blackden, Samuel\nDear Sir\nMonticello Dec. 11. 1794.\nI received your favor from Richmond, and recieved it with great pleasure, as it assured me you were alive and well: but I should with more pleasure have recieved yourself here. You would have been obliged to give a history of things from the time I left France till you left it, that I might at length have learned the truths which have been floating undistinguished on the ocean of lies with which the English newspapers have deluged us. You would have found me in my farmer\u2019s coat, immersed soul and body in the culture of my fields, and alive to nothing abroad except the successes of the French revolution, and the welfare of my friends. But why on crutches? That you did not explain to me, nor had I heard of it. Not knowing how long your stay will be at Richmond, I send this there, to be forwarded to Philadelphia, if you are not at Richmond. I am happy to hear Mr. Barlow is well. Mrs. Blackden\u2019s health is also pleasing to us. My daughters join me in respects to both of you, and I am with great sincerity Dear Sir Your friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0159", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 12 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nTh:J. to J. Madison\nFriday morning. Dec. 12. 1794.\nI wrote you a kind of way-bill by the Orange post, which arrived at, and left Charlottesville on Tuesday forenoon. I write this by the Richmond post which leaves Charlottesville on Friday Morning. The object is to know what difference there will be in the arrival of the two letters at Philadelphia.\nWe have nothing new for you; for it is not new that we have fine weather. It is, and has been delicious, with only two short intervals of cold. In one of them (about the 22d. of Nov.) it was extraordinarily cold, the mercury being at 19\u00b0. but it was only three mornings below freezing. In the other (Dec. 4.) it was one morning below the freezing point. But it has never once continued so thro the day. We have had fine rains at proper intervals, which is the only interruption our ploughs have had.\u2014Corn has sold at 6/6 per barrel, half goods, half cash. It is now at 8/. Purchasers talk of that, sellers of 10/. Wheat 5/ in goods. Adieu. Yours affectionately.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-12-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0160", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Wilson Cary Nicholas, 12 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Nicholas, Wilson Cary\nDear Sir\nMonticello Dec. 12. 1794\nI trouble you with another letter from Mr. D\u2019Ivernois, containing a further development of his plan.\nSince you were here, I have found the inclosed rough draught of a subscription paper for clearing our river, which may explain to you the views and wishes of the subscribers.\nNicholas and Jacob Van Staphorsts, wealthy bankers of Amsterdam, have for some time apprehended a storm in their country which might force them to seek a new habitation. Indeed Jacob Van Staphorst was long since driven from thence, having been at the head of the revolution attempted there about 1787. and 1788. I knew him in Paris as an exiled republican, and was acquainted with his brother in Amsterdam, both very worthy men. I then pressed on Jacob to come over and settle in Norfolk, pointing out to him the advantages of that position for a great capital in commerce. He was divided between that and New York, but prevented from coming at all by some circumstances. They now turn their eyes to the U.S. and particularly to this state, and wish to be made capable of holding lands here, that they may prepare for an event which  the public papers seem to announce as close at hand. I wish a special act of assembly could be obtained enabling them to acquire a settlement here. They would be a most valuable acquisition, because they would determine the course of a considerable mass of capitalists in their own situation. I am with sincere esteem Dear Sir Your friend & servt.\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-17-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0162", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to William Branch Giles, 17 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Giles, William Branch\nDear Sir\nMonticello Dec. 17. 94.\nI have made Mr. Bannister\u2019s affair the subject of a separate letter, containing a full explanation of it, because by giving in the letter, it will give you no more trouble. I will only add here, what would have been too urging if expressed there, that if any thing be said of early paiment,  I would rather be allowed to draw on any one there for the money than to have it sent here.\nThe attempt which has been made to restrain the liberty of our citizens meeting together, interchanging sentiments on what subjects they please, and stating these sentiments in the public papers, has come upon us, a full century earlier than I expected. To demand the censors of public measures to be given up for punishment is to renew the demand of the wolves in the fable that the sheep should give up their dogs as hostages of the peace and confidence established between them. The tide against our constitution is unquestionably strong but it will turn. Every thing tells me so, and every day verifies the prediction. Hold on then like a good and faithful seaman till our brother-sailors can rouse from their intoxication and right the vessel.\u2014Make friends with the Trans-Alleganians. They are gone if you do not. Do not let false pride make a tea-act of your excise-laws. Adieu. Yours affectionately\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0165", "content": "Title: Deed of Manumission for Robert Hemings, 24 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: \nThis indenture witnesseth that I Thomas Jefferson of the county of Albemarle have manumitted and made free Robert Hemings, son of Betty Hemmings: so that in future he shall be free and of free condition, with all his goods and chattels and shall be discharged of all obligation of bondage or servitude whatsoever: and that neither myself, my heirs executors or administrators shall have any right to exact from him hereafter any services or duties whatsoever. In witness whereof I have put my seal to this present deed of manumission. Given in Albemarle this twenty fourth day of December one thousand seven hundred and ninety four.\nTh: Jefferson\nSigned, sealed and delivered in presence of D: Carr", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-24-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0166", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Lyle, 24 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Lyle, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello Dec. 24. 94.\nA second debtor, Robert Hawkins, called on me yesterday and paid me his second bond \u00a341\u201315. Having no immediate conveyance to Richmond for this money, I send to Mr. Randolph, who is on his way there, an order to recieve a like sum lying ready for me in Richmond and to pay it to you together with Milliner\u2019s \u00a372-8-8 delivered him for you as mentioned in my former letter of which he is the bearer. Both to be placed to the credit of my bonds in the order in which they are payable. I am with great esteem Dear Sir Your friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0167", "content": "Title: To Thomas Jefferson from Richard Adams, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Adams, Richard\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nDear Sir\nRichmd. Hill 26th Decr. 1794\nI Received your Favor of the 18th. of this month and note the Contents. Upon Examining the Records, I find I was mistaken in the Information, I gave Mr. Skipworth in Respect to Mr. Shorts Judgment. Indeed at any Rate, I think the prospect I mentioned is so distant and uncertain, that I believe there is very little hope of obtaining any thing from that Quarter, I shall therefore decline it on my part. I am with the greatest Esteem & Regard Dr. Sr. yr mo Obdt. huml Sevt.\nRichd. Adams", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0168", "content": "Title: Authorization for J. P. P. Derieux, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: \nHaving occasion to hire for the ensuing year four very able intelligent negro-men, I hereby authorize Mr. Peter Derieux to act for me therein, and oblige myself to pay whatever hire he may stipulate for me. And though I would not make it essential to have the hire payable in all the month of April after the year expired, yet as it is disadvantageous to be obliged to sell produce to raise money earlier than that, it influences the extent of the hire to which I have advised Mr. Derieux to engage me. I should be willing to pay interest from the end of the year to the day of paiment agreed on, which will sufficiently justify executors in agreeing to that delay.\nTh: Jefferson Dec. 26. 1794.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-26-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0169", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Mann Randolph, 26 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Randolph, Thomas Mann\nDear Sir\nMonticello Dec. 26. 94.\nYour chariot was ready to have set off the day after Zachary arrived here; but an unlucky use of the permission you had given me respecting your waggon, has prevented it\u2019s departure. The post after you left us, I received information from Philadelphia that my nailrod had been lodged in Richmond before the last week in November, and could not be forwarded here for want of a conveyance. I immediately went to Colo. Bell to advise on the prospect of a conveyance from Richmond. He assured me it was desperate, as all the return waggons were engaged by the merchants. I was therefore obliged to avail myself of your kind permission to send your waggon, and having desired Robinson to get a load for her down, Billy set off with her for Richmond on Thursday, and expected to be back here on Thursday again, which was yesterday. I did not suppose however he could be back till to-day. Nor is he as yet arrived, but the moment he arrives, Zachary may set out. I would have sent one of my horses, if we could have made up another, but Zachary says that Billy is as essential as the horses.\u2014Before the receipt of your letter, we had taken up our Asparagus bed, and after replanting had given the spare roots to a neighbor. We have however done our best to send Mrs. Fleming what more could be spared or collected. Patsy wrote for Artichoke roots. But I presume she meant Asparagus, as our artichokes are but newly planted, and are most of them of so indifferent a kind that, as soon as we can distinguish them, we mean to dig them up and throw them away.\u2014If you can hire the four negromen for me at the hiring in Richmond Jan. 1. on advantageous terms, I shall be obliged to you, provided they are from the country, and not of the town from whence I should not chuse any mixture with my own negroes. This would be so far adviseable as those of your father\u2019s estate may go too high. Otherwise I should have preferred these as they will think themselves still in the family and will be more contented and controuled by your presence.\u2014You will find by the inclosed that Bob\u2019s business has been hastened into such a situation as to make it difficult for me to reject it. I had certainly thought it just that the person whom I suppose to have debauched him from me, as well as the special inconvenience of my letting him go for 2. or 3. years to come, and a total abandonment of his services for 11. or 12 years past should have been known and operated in estimating his value as a mulct on Mr. S. However all that has been kept out of view, and I have too much respect for the gentlemen who have valued him to have the subject revised. It remains therefore only to receive the money and deliver the deed, which you will find inclosed in  the letter to Mr. Stras. I have made it to Bob himself, because Mr. Stras mentions it is for his freedom he is to advance the money, and his holding the deed will sufficiently secure the fulfilment of Bob\u2019s engagements to him. When you shall have received the money, be so good as to pay \u00a341\u201316 currency of it to Mr. Lyle with the sum delivered you before, and hold up the balance, as I expect in 2. or 3 posts from Philadelphia to learn whether I owe it there or am to apply it to certain purposes here. Stras\u2019s letter and the valuation to be returned to me.\u2014Derieux removes to Wood\u2019s ordinary within a week. The children are and have been constantly well. I shall not close my letter till Billy arrives.\nDec. 27. half after one. Billy arrived half an hour ago. I had told him that you would be at Richmond about the time of his being there. He mistook this for a direction to wait for you, and says he stayed two days there expecting you. I am endeavoring to get them off this afternoon if it be only for 8. or 10. miles as that will enable them to reach Rockcastle tomorrow. Billy has to go to Edgehill for clothes.\u2014The old lady at Bearcastle is dead; by which the sons of Mr. D. Carr come into immediate possession of their lands, about 1500. as. \u2153 of which are low grounds. There will be about 40 negroes to divide among the children of their grandfather and their representatives. I think Peter Carr will take the whole of his father\u2019s share, and of his uncle Sam Carr\u2019s. Tho as to this last it is more questionable, Mr. Wythe and Mr. Pendleton having differed in opinion. The question will lie between Peter and his uncles and aunts, and not between him and his brothers and sisters, who I think have no title under any hypothesis.\nBilly has brought me 1500. \u2114. of nailrod. The rest is at Manchester, and has been there above a month by Swan\u2019s own information to Lownes in Philadelphia, and communicated by Lownes to me. I shall endeavor to get the Milton boats to bring it up. If you were to fall in with any of them while you are in Richmond, be so good as to lend a hand to their getting it. But do not go out of your way to do it, as I shall be pretty sure of having it done.\u2014We are all well and concerned for the impediments of your journey, and the state of your\u2019s and Patsy\u2019s health. My best affections attend you both always.\nP.S. Pray lodge nine dollars of the money to be received of Stras in the hands of Colo. Harvie for J. Taylor to pay for the drill plough. I shall give Taylor notice that it is done. My groceries from Colo. Gamble\u2019s are come up.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-28-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0171", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, 28 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Madison, James\nDear Sir\nMonticello Dec. 28. 94.\nI have kept Mr. Joy\u2019s letter a post or two, with an intention of considering attentively the observations it contains: but I have really now so little stomach for any thing of that kind that I have not resolution enough even to endeavor to understand the observations. I therefore return the letter, not to delay your answer to it, and beg you in answering for yourself, to assure him of my respects and thankful acceptance of Chalmer\u2019s treaties, which I do not possess: and if you possess yourself of the scope of his reasoning, make any answer to it you please for me. If it had been on the rotation of my crops, I would have answered myself, lengthily perhaps, but certainly con gusto.\nThe denunciation of the democratic societies is one of the extraordinary acts of boldness of which we have seen so many from the faction of Monocrats. It is wonderful indeed that the President should have permitted himself to be the organ of such an attack on the freedom of discussion, the freedom of writing, printing and publishing. It must be a matter of rare curiosity to get at the modifications of these rights proposed by them, and to see what line their ingenuity would draw between democratical societies, whose avowed object is the nourishment of the republican principles of our constitution, and the society of the Cincinnati, a self-created one, carving out for itself hereditary distinctions, lowering over our constitution eternally, meeting together in all parts of the Union periodically, with closed doors, accumulating a capital in their separate treasury, corresponding secretly and regularly, and of which society the very persons denouncing the democrats are themselves the fathers, founders or high officers. Their sight must be perfectly dazzled by the glittering of crowns and coronets, not to see the extravagance of the proposition to suppress the friends of general freedom  while those who wish to confine that freedom to the few, are permitted to go on in their principles and practices.\u2014I here put out of sight the persons whose misbehavior has been taken advantage of to slander the friends of popular rights; and I am happy to observe that as far as the circle of my observation and information extends, every body has lost sight of them, and viewed the abstract attempt on their natural and constitutional rights in all it\u2019s nakedness. I have never heard, or heard of a single expression or opinion which did not condemn it as an inexcusable aggression.\u2014And with respect to the transactions against the excise-law, it appears to me that you are all swept away in the torrent of governmental opinions, or that we do not know what these transactions have been. We know of none which according to the definitions of the law, have been any thing more than riotous. There was indeed a meeting to consult about a separation. But to consult on a question does not amount to a determination of that question in the affirmative, still less to the acting on such a determination: but we shall see I suppose what the court lawyers, and courtly judges and would-be Ambassadors will make of it.\u2014The excise-law is an infernal one. The first error was to admit it by the constitution. The 2d. to act on that admission. The 3d. and last will be to make it the instrument of dismembering the Union, and setting us all afloat to chuse which part of it we will adhere to. The information of our militia returned from the Westward is uniform, that tho the people there let them pass quietly, they were objects of their laughter, not of their fear, that 100 men could have cut off their whole force in a thousand places of the Alleganey, that their detestation of the excise law is universal, and has now associated to it a detestation of the government, and that separation which perhaps was a very distant and problematical event, is now near, and certain and determined in the mind of every man. I expected to have seen some justification of arming one part of the society against another, of declaring a civil war the moment before the meeting of that body which has the sole right of declaring war, of being so patient of the kicks and scoffs of our enemies, and rising at a feather against our friends, of adding a million to the public debt and deriding us with recommendations to pay it if we can, &c &c. But the part of the speech which was to be taken as a justification of the armament reminded me of parson Saunders\u2019s demonstration why minus into minus makes plus. After a parcel of shreds of stuff from Aesop\u2019s fables and Tom Thumb, he jumps all at once into his Ergo, minus multiplied into minus makes plus. Just so the 15,000 men enter after the fables in the speech.\u2014However the time is coming when we shall fetch up the lee-way of our vessel. The changes in your house I see are going on for the better, and even the Augean herd over your heads  are slowly purging off their impurities. Hold on then, my dear friend, that we may not ship-wreck in the mean while. I do not see in the minds of those with whom I converse a greater affliction than the fear of your retirement; but this must not be, unless to a more splendid and a more efficacious post. There I should rejoice to see you: I hope I may say I shall rejoice to see you. I have long had much in my mind to say to you on that subject. But double delicacies have kept me silent. I ought perhaps to say, while I would not give up my own retirement for the empire of the Universe, how I can justify wishing one, whose happiness I have as much at heart as yours, to take the front of the battle which is fighting for my security. This would be easy enough to be done, but not at the heel of a lengthy epistle.\u2014Let us quit this, and turn to the fine weather we are basking in. We have had one of our tropical winters. Once only a snow of 3. inches deep, which went off the next day, and never as much ice as would have cooled a bottle of wine. And we have now but a month to go through of winter weather. For February always gives us good samples of the spring of which it is the harbinger.\u2014I recollect no small news interesting to you. You will have heard I suppose that Wilson Nicholas has bought Carr\u2019s lowground\u2019s and Harvey\u2019s barracks. I rejoice in the prosperity of a virtuous man, and hope his prosperity will not taint his virtue. Present me respectfully to Mrs. Madison, and pray her to keep you where you are for her own satisfaction and the public good, and accept the cordial affections of us all. Adieu.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-29-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0172", "content": "Title: From Thomas Jefferson to John Taylor, 29 December 1794\nFrom: Jefferson, Thomas\nTo: Taylor, John\nDear Sir\nMonticello Dec. 29. 1794.\nI have long owed you a letter, for which my conscience would not have let me rest in quiet but on the consideration that the paiment would not be worth your acceptance. The debt is not merely for a letter the common traffic of a day, but for valuable ideas, which instructed me, which I have adopted, and am acting on them. I am sensible of the truth of your observations that the atmosphere is the great store house of matter for recruiting our lands, that tho\u2019 efficacious, it is slow in it\u2019s operation, and we must therefore give them time, instead of the loads of quicker manure given in other countries, that for this purpose we must avail ourselves of the great quantities of land we possess in proportion to our labour, and that while putting them to nurse with the atmosphere, we must protect them from the bite and tread of animals, which are nearly a counterpoise for the benefits of the atmosphere. As good things, as well as evil, go in a train, this relieves us from the labor and expence of cross fences, now very sensibly felt on account of the scarcity and distance of timber. I am accordingly now engaged in applying my cross fences to the repair of the outer ones and substituting rows of Peach trees to preserve the boundaries of the fields. And though I observe your strictures on rotations of crops, yet it appears that in this I differ from you only in words. You keep half your lands in culture, the other half at nurse; so I propose to do. Your scheme indeed requires only four years and mine six; but the proportion of labour and rest is the same. My years of rest however are employed, two of them in producing clover, yours in volunteer herbage. But I still understand it to be your opinion that clover is best where lands will produce them. Indeed I think that the important improvement for which the world is indebted to Young, is the substitution of clover crops instead of unproductive fallows: and the demonstration that lands are more enriched by clover than by volunteer herbage or fallows: and the clover crops are highly valuable. That our red lands which are still in tolerable heart will produce fine clover I know from the experience of the last year, and indeed that of my neighbors had established the fact. And from observations on accidental plants in the feilds which have been considerably harrassed with corn, I believe that even these will produce clover fit for soiling of animals green. I think therefore I can count on the success of that improver. My third year of rest will be devoted to cowpenning, and to a trial of the buckwheat dressing. A further progress in surveying my open arable lands, has shewn me that I can have 7. fields in each of my farms where I expected only six: consequently that I can add more to the portion of rest and ameliorating crops. I have doubted on a question on which I am sure you can advise me well, whether I had better give this newly acquired year as an addition to the continuance of my clover, or throw it with some improving crop between two of my crops of grain as for instance between my corn and rye. I strongly incline to the latter, because I am not satisfied that one cleansing crop in seven years will be sufficient; and indeed I think it important to separate my exhausting crops by alternations of amelioraters. With this view I think to try an experiment of what judge Parker informs me he practises. That is, to turn in my wheat stubble the instant the grain is off, and sow turneps to be fed out by the sheep. But whether this will answer in our fields which are harrassed I do not know. We have been in the habit of sowing only our freshest lands in turneps. Hence a presumption that wearied lands  will not bring them. But Young\u2019s making turneps to be fed on by sheep the basis of his improvement of poor lands, affords evidence that tho they may not bring great crops, they will bring them in a sufficient degree to improve the lands. I will try that experiment however this year, as well as the one of buck wheat. I have also attended to another improver mentioned by you, the winter-vetch, and have taken measures to get the seed of it from England, as also of the Siberian vetch which Millar greatly commends, and being a biennial might perhaps take the place of clover in lands which do not suit that. The winter vetch I suspect may be advantageously thrown in between crops, as it gives a choice to use it as green feed in the spring if fodder be run short, or to turn it in as a green-dressing. My rotation, with these amendments is as follows.\n1. Wheat, followed the same year by turneps to be fed on by the sheep.\n2. Corn and potatoes mixed, and in autumn the Vetch to be used as fodder in the spring if wanted, or to be turned in as a dressing.\n3. peas, or, potatoes, or both according to the quality of the field.\n4. Rye, and clover sown on it in the spring. Wheat may be substituted here for rye, when it shall be found that the 2d. 3d. 5th. and 6th. fields will subsist the farm.\n5. Clover.\n6. Clover, and in autumn turn it in and sow the Vetch.\n7. turn in the Vetch in the spring, then sow buckwheat and turn that in having hurdled off the poorest spots for cowpenning. In autumn sow wheat to begin the circle again.\nI am for throwing the whole force of my husbandry on the wheat-field, because it is the only one which is to go to market to produce money. Perhaps the clover may bring in something in the form of stock. The other feilds are merely for the consumption of the farm. The Siberian Melilot, mentioned by you, I never heard of. The horse bean I tried this last year. It turned out nothing. The President has tried it without success. An old English farmer of the name of Spuryear, settled in Delaware, has tried it there with good success: but he told me it would not do without being well shaded, and I think he planted it among his corn for that reason. But he acknoleged our pea was as good an ameliorater and a more valuable pulse, as being food for man as well as horse. The Succory is what Young calls Chicoria Intubus. He sent some seed to the President, who gave me some, and I gave it to my neighbors to keep up till I should come home. One of them has cultivated it with great success, is very fond of it, and gave me some seed which I sowed last spring. Tho\u2019 the summer was favorable it came on slowly at first, but by autumn  became large and strong. It did not seed that year, but will the next, and you shall be furnished with seed. I suspect it requires rich ground, and then produces a heavy crop for green feed, for horses and cattle. I had poor success with my potatoes last year, not having made more than 60. or 70. bushels to the acre. But my neighbors having made good crops, I am not disheartened. The first step towards the recovery of our lands is to find substitutes for corn and bacon. I count on potatoes, clover and sheep. The two former to feed every animal on the farm except my negroes, and the latter to feed them, diversified with rations of salted fish and molasses, both of them wholesome, agreeable and cheap articles of food.For pasture I rely on the forests, by day, and soiling in the evening. Why could we not have a moveable airy cow house, to be set up in the middle of the feild which is to be dunged, and soil our cattle in that thro\u2019 the summer as well as winter, keeping them constantly up and well littered? This, with me, would be in the clover feild of the 1st. year because during the 2d. year it would be rotting, and would be spread on it in fallow the beginning of the 3d. But such an effort would be far above the present tyro state of my farming. The grosser barbarisms in culture which I have to encounter, are more than enough for all my attentions at present. The dung-yard must be my last effort but one. The last would be irrigation.\u2014It might be thought at first view, that the interposition of these ameliorations or dressings between my crops will be too laborious. But observe that the turneps and two dressings of vetch do not cost a single ploughing. The turning in the wheat-stubble for the turneps is the fallow for the corn of the succeeding year. The 1st. sowing of vetches is on the corn (as is now practised for wheat) and the turning it in, is the flush-ploughing for the crop of potatoes and peas. The 2d. sowing of the vetch is on the wheat fallow, and the turning it in is the ploughing necessary for sowing the buckwheat. These three ameliorations then will cost but a harrowing each.\u2014On the subject of the drilled husbandry, I think experience has established it\u2019s preference for some plants, as the turnep, pea, bean, cabbage, corn &c and that of the broad cast for other plants as all the bread grains and grasses, except perhaps Lucerne and St. foin in soils and climates very productive of weeds. In dry soils and climates the broad cast is better for Lucerne and St. foin, as all the South of France can testify.\u2014I have imagined and executed a mould-board which may be mathematically demonstrated to be perfect, as far as perfection depends on mathematical principles. And one great circumstance in it\u2019s favor is that it may be made by the most bungling carpenter, and cannot possibly vary a hair\u2019s breadth in it\u2019s form, but by gross negligence. You  have seen the musical instrument called a sticcado. Suppose all it\u2019s sticks of equal length, hold the fore-end horizontally on the floor, to receive the turf which presents itself horizontally, and with the right hand twist the hind-end to the perpendicular, or rather as much beyond the perpendicular as will be necessary to cast over the turf completely. This gives an idea (tho not absolutely exact) of my mould-board. It is on the principle of two wedges combined at right angles, the first in the direct line of the furrow to raise the turf gradually, the other across the furrow to turn it over gradually. For both these purposes the wedge is the instrument of the least resistance. I will make a model of the mouldboard and lodge it with Colo. Harvie in Richmond for you.\u2014This brings me to my thanks for the drill plough lodged with him for me, which I now expect every hour to receive, and the price of which I have deposited in his hands to be called for when you please. A good instrument of this kind is almost the greatest desideratum in husbandry. I am anxious to conjecture before hand what may be expected from the sowing turneps in jaded ground, how much from the acre, and how large they will be? Will your experience enable you to give me a probable conjecture? Also what is the produce of potatoes, and what of peas in the same kind of ground?\u2014It must now have been several pages since you began to cry out \u2018mercy.\u2019 In mercy then I will here finish with my affectionate remembrance to my old friend Mr. Pendleton, and respects to your fire side, & to yourself assurances of the sincere esteem of Dear Sir Your friend & servt\nTh: Jefferson", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "12-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0173", "content": "Title: Memorandum from Eli Alexander, [ca. December 1794?]\nFrom: Alexander, Eli\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\n  A computation of the corn it will take for the stock from now till April 1 or for one Hundred days.\nCorn\n6 plough Horses from this till April the first or for one Hundred days when ploughing aught to have 2 gallons a day Each, suppose 40 ploughing days, which amounts to\nbushels\u200760 corn\n  the same Horses when not in service one gallon of corn a day Each for 60 days is 45 bushil\n  4 breding mares one gallon a day Each which is 50 bush\n  2 plough horses to come fifty days a gallon & \u00bd Each is\n  8 Oxen when hauling to have 2 gallons Each suppose 40 days is 80 bushels of corn\n  Hogs \u00bd bushel a day amount to 50 bushels.\n  3 Coults in the above menshined time 10 bushels\n  Milk cows 3 gallons a day is 30\u00bd\nthe consumsion of Shadwell will be 750 bushels of corn from this time till November next 25 theare is 320 barrels of corn measured but what theare is now I cant ascertain I suppose to be two hundred and sixty or seventy barrels.", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794},
{"created_timestamp": "01-01-1794", "downloaded_timestamp": "10-19-2021", "url": "https://founders.archives.gov/API/docdata/Jefferson/01-28-02-0174", "content": "Title: Memorandum from Eli Alexander, [1794\u20131795?]\nFrom: Alexander, Eli\nTo: Jefferson, Thomas\nA Method for preparing buck wheat for table use first to fan it out from the chaff and then tak it and put it into a bag and tramp it well then Run it through the fan the second time then grind it Seperate from the Corne then put one forth Corne Meal and bolt it together and it is fit for use.\nEli Alexander", "culture": "English", "source_dataset": "Pile_of_Law", "source_dataset_detailed": "Pile_of_Law_founding_docs", "source_dataset_detailed_explanation": "Letters from U.S. founders.", "creation_year": 1794}
]